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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



The Germicide 

Twentieth Century Practice 

of Medicine 



AND 



Dictionary of Diseases 



The Germicide 



Twentieth Century Practice 



OF 



Medicine 



AND 



Dictionary of Diseases 



THEIR TREATMENT WITH 



NEWER REMEDIES . 



BY 

R. R. Russell, M. D 

Editor of "The Germicide" 



NEW YORK 

Lock Box No. 431 

1901 



Library of Congress 

^wo Copies Received 
FEB 21 1901 

_ Copyright «try 

36 <2_ 



^WtfS^. 



SK0NDC0PY 



DEDICATED TO 

ANDREJV CARNEGIE 

The Philanthropist of the 
World 

The Author 



Copyright, 1901, by R. R. RUSSELL, 
New York 



AVIL PRINTING CO. 

Medical Printers and Publishers 

3941 Market Street 

Philadelphia, Pa. 






• 



THE TWENTIETH GEHTUBY PBHGTIGE 

A Dictionary of Diseases, Their Treatment With 
Newer Remedies. 



ABDOMEN. — The belly or lower portion of the body is 
separated from the chest by the diaphragm. For the purpose 
of description, it is divided into three anterior regions, naming 
them from above downwards, viz., epigastric, umbilical, and 
hypogastric; each of which is divided into three, making it nine 
regions, the upper three being the epigastric, with the right and 
left hypochondriac regions on each side of it. Below this the 
umbilical region, with the right and left lumbar on either side 
of it, and the lowest of all the hypogastric regions with the right 
and left iliac regions. The abdomen contains the stomach, in- 
testines, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, bladder, and is lined 
with a fine delicate membrane, of the white fibrous tissue class, 
termed the peritoneum, which is reflected on all the organs 
contained therein. a s> 

ABLUTION. — Washing or bathing the entire body should 
be performed daily. The skin at all times is throwing off 
toxical agents, gaseous, alkaline, carbonaceous matter, so that 
when it is caked over with perspiration and dirt it is unable to 
eliminate. Neglect ablution, or thorough washing off, addi- 
tional work is thrown upon both liver and kidneys and other 
excretory organs ; then languor, low spirits, headache from the 
presence of effete matter accumulated in the blod; then gout, 
rheumatism, If the function of the skin w r ere arrested, death 
would result. Cleanse the skin — a thorough purification once 
daily of the entire body with an alkaline wash ; for the healthy, 
cold water on rising ; for the delicate, tepid water. A proper 
reaction must be the guide, never to be chilled nor languid after 
the bath. 

The majority of human kind are but imperfectly washed in 
both city and country, which gives them a predisposition to 

(5) 



6 Twentieth Century Practice. 

disease. Healthy and happy results follow cleanliness, which 
is a matter of public interest. Sanitary science teaches that 
dirt, filth, and effete matter are the enemies of public health, 
no matter how and where it exists. 

The toxicity of human sweat is admitted; besides the skin 
is at all times excreting effete matter, in the form of a gaseous, 
saline oleaginous substance, which is indispensable for the 
health of the body. If the function of the skin be impaired, the 
liver and kidneys must do its work; if not, auto-intoxication, 
with its languor, low spirits, severe headaches, uric acid gout, 
gravel, will result ; consequently for good health the entire sur- 
face of the body should be cleansed daily, with soft water, if 
possible with soap, good brown or castile soap; with that a 
thorough purification of the entire surface of the body should be 
effected. All medicated soaps are poisonous; nearly all con- 
tain either the bichloride of mercury, or formalin, or asepsin, 
or salicylate of soda. Beware of them, all — germicide, anti- 
septic, aseptic, so technically called — are bad. After ablution 
it is always desirable to rub the surface thoroughly with a dry 
towel until a warm glow is produced and the capillaries well 
dilated. 

Thorough ablution is most requisite. The temperature of 
the water should be regulated by the status of vital force. 

ABORTION. — Miscarriage ; the expulsion of the foetus be- 
fore the seventh month of utero-gestation, or before it is viable. 
The causes of this accident are referable either to the mother, 
and particularly to the uterus, or to the foetus and its depend- 
encies. The causes in the mother may be extreme nervous sus- 
ceptibility, great debility, toxins of disease germs, plethora, 
faulty conformation; frequently induced by intense mental 
emotion, rectal irritation, violent exercise. 

The causes located in the foetus are its death, rupture of the 
membranes, degenerative changes in the placenta. 

The period at which it is most liable to occur is about the 
fourth month of gestation. 

The symptoms of abortion are uterine hemorrhage, with or 
without flakes of decidua, with intermitting pain of a bearing- 
down character. Its occurrence predisposes to a tendency to 
recur again and again in subsequent pregnancies, about the 
same period. The treatment consists in perfect rest in the re- 
cumbent position in bed. the avoidance of all hot or stimulating 
drinks. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 7 

The best remedies for either prevention or cure are the com- 
pound syrup of partridge berry, or wine of aletris farinosa. If 
neither of these are convenient, tincture opii, small doses, re- 
peated. 

ABRASION. — A superficial excoriation with loss of sub- 
stance. Cleanse, dry, then dust on formal-gelatine — cover. 
Instantaneous cicatrization takes place. 

ABRUS PRECATORIUS.— Jequirity, small oval scarlet 
seeds or beans, which grow abundantly in Brazil. 

The seeds, reduced to a powder and infused, when cold, 
dropped into an eye covered with an opacity of effused lymph, 
repeated on several occasions, will cause a peeling or exfolia- 
tion of the mucous membrane in which the effusion has taken 
place. 

By incorporating the powder in butter of coca and mould- 
ing it into a crayon suppository or pastil, inserted into either 
the rectum or vagina, permitted to remain over night, will cause 
a complete exfoliation of the mucous membrane with any thick- 
ening vegetation, wart thickening, polypoid, cancerous infiltra- 
tion, leaving the mucous membrane in its original healthy con- 
dition. 

A distillate of jequirity has been found of much value in the 
cicatrization of cancers when they are removed by either the 
ozone, or chloride of chromium paste. 

ABSCESS. — The accumulation of pus in a cavity or in the 
tissues of the body, a result of the effusion of lymph, which is 
liable to occur in acute and chronic inflammation. The lymph r 
owing to some adverse condition, breaks down and forms pus, 
living matter, a disease germ. 

Streptococcus pyogenes. The formation of pus may take 
place during either the active or passive stage of inflammation, 
or subsequently if effused. The indications of such a change 
would be shivering or rigors, with general constitutional dis- 
turbance and rise of temperature, moist skin, soft pulse, tongue 
coated, prevented secretions. If there be pain, it changes to 
that of the dull, throbbing character. The effusion or swelling, 
which at first is hard and firm, softens, fluctuation can be de- 
tected by the touch ; if vital force is average it forces it to the 
surface, and probably evacuates itself— ^-if not, it must be aided 
by heat and moisture, in the shape of poultices. 



8 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The severity of symptoms usually depends much on the char- 
acter of the inflammation that gives rise to it, its intensity, its 
deep-seated nature, bone or tissue affected. Abscess of the 
liver is exceedingly dangerous; whereas, in or near the skin, 
causes little trouble. 

If there be no tendency to break and evacuate itself, aided, by 
heat and moisture, an evacuation should be made by the knife, 
a free opening and counter-opening, and peroxide of hydrogen 
applied and re-applied until every pus microbe is annihilated. 

Pus, in whatever form is occurs, is simply a mass of disease 
germs. Streptococcus pyogenes in its growth creates a deadly 
poison. Other germs are recognized as associates ; two of these 
are Staphylococci, which occur in groups, which, under the 
microscope, resemble a fish roe or a bunch of grapes, which, 
when cultivated, give us the .S\ pyogenes aureus, golden or yel- 
low opaque colonies, and the other the 5*. pyogenes albus, white 
vopaque masses. 

Thse septic organisms closely resemble each other, and are 
sometimes found all together and often singly. 

In whatever form we find pus, serous, muco-purulent, sanies 
or laudable, the pathogenic microbe is there, consisting of 
slender ends, linked two or three together, or else collected in 
regular masses. It is a microbe of great growth by spore 
formation on liquid gelatine at a temperature of ioo° F. 

ABSINTHIUM.— (Wormwood; leaves and tops of Arte- 
mesia absinthium.) It has properties of a tonic, antispas- 
modic, anthelmintic character, that render it useful in dyspep- 
sia, gout, dropsy. An enema of a decoction is of efficacy in 
ascarides. Besides being prescribed as a stomachic, it is quite 
extensively used by the French in the preparation of liqueurs, 
such as absinthe, the use of which gives rise to a species of 
alcoholism with predominant nervous symptoms. The absinthe 
habit gives rise to gastric derangements, night terrors, terrific 
abdominal pains, hallucinations, tremors, paralysis. A state 
of mental chaos and bankruptcy cured by the use of ozonized 
passiflora incarnata in large doses. 

ABSORBENTS. — Small, delicate vessels, which take up 
fluids and gases with which they come in contact and carry 
them into the blood. 

A general division is made of external and internal; other 
subdivisions are made. The principal agents of external ab- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 9 

sorption are the veins and chyliferous vessels. Any fluid, medi- 
cated or otherwise,, possessing the necessary tenuity, passes 
through the coats of the vessels by endosmosis, and proceeds 
along the torrent of the circulation, and, if medicated, finds 
the organ or tissue for which it has an affinity. The internal 
embraces the entire alimentary canal, vagina, urethra, all lit- 
erally studded with absorbents. 

ACETIC ACID. — A colorless acid liquid obtained from 
wood by destructive distillation. A caustic and counter-irri- 
tant. It contains 33 per cent of pure acetic acid. It is largely 
used in medicine and pharmacy, principally in conjunction with 
other drugs. There are two other Pharmacopceial acetic acids 
— dilute acetic acid (one part of acetic acid to seven of water) 
and glacial acetic acid (concentrated acetic acid, containing 
99 per cent of acetic acid) . 

Salts, formed by the union of acetic acid with a suitable base, 
as soda, zinc, etc., are termed acetates, and are very soluble in 
water. 

Vinegar should contain 5.41 per cent of acetic acid, 
which, when taken, excites an alkaline secretion in all the 
glands of the body, destroys all disease germs, is a refrigerant, 
diuretic, in doses from one dram upwards. Added to water, 
of great efficacy as a sponge bath in all fevers twice daily; 
passes freely by endosmosis into the blood, increasing its alka- 
line constituents. Besides, it is a bactericide of some value 
in sore throat ; a valuable lotion in burns, sprains, bruises ; ex- 
cellent as an eye lotion when lime has found access to it. 

ACIDS. — A numerous class of chemical bodies which have 
the property of uniting with bases to form salts. They have a 
great affinity for, and are soluble in, water. They have a sour 
taste, and turn most vegetable blues, such as litmus, red. 
Oxyacids are those containing oxygen. Hydracids are formed 
by hydrogen. Anhydrous acids contain no water. Mineral 
acids are those formed from the mineral kingdom. Organic 
acids contain carbon, and are formed from the organic king- 
dom. The syllables ous and ic, which are affixed to acid com- 
pounds, denote different acids which vary only in the amount 
of oxygen in each. Thus sulphun'c acid contains more oxygen 
than sulphured acid. The principal acids used in medicine 
are acetic, hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, nitro- 
hydrochloric, citric, trataric. benzoic, carbolic, and salicylic 



io Twentieth Century Practice. 

acids. In concentrated form acids are mostly caustic. In 
medicinal doses they diminish acid and increase alkaline secre- 
tions. Hence their utility in the treatment of disease. 

Benzoic acid, in 30-grain doses, repeated at proper intervals, 
annihilates the micrococcus urea. 

Carbolic acid, a powerful bactericide, must be used with 
great care, as it is prone to paralyze the heart, the respiratory 
centres, and cause embolism of the blood. 

Chromic acid, never used internally; excellent as a painless 
caustic to destroy warts, piles. Never use over a large area 
of surface, as there is liability of absorption into the blood, giv- 
ing rise to inflammation of the liver and stomach and speedy 
death. As a lotion for painting ulcers, 5 to 10 grains to the 
ounce of water. The acid explodes if brought in contact with 
alcohol, glycerin. 

Lactic acid, strong; good for painting on in cancer of the 
neck of the uterus. The dilute acid given in dyspepsia in form 
of a lemonade, a few drops to sweeten the water. 

Nitric acid. — Muriatic and nitric acids are of great value in 
blood and liver diseases. 

ACHOLIA. — A suppression of the secretion of bile. A 
symptom of paralysis of the liver, due to the toxin of the ma- 
larial parasite, of the common bacillus, fungus of yellow fever, 
poisons of mercury and alcohol — inhalation of sewer gas. 
Give periodate aurum, under and on the tongue, small but fre- 
quent doses, till relieved. 

ACNE. — A chronic skin disease in which the sebaceous 
glands are affected; four different varieties are recognized: 
acne punctata, the mildest form, sebum is retained ; being unable 
to escape, an elevation is formed, the tip of which is marked by 
a black spot, indicating the opening of the follicle. As a result 
of irritation inflammation may occur, causing thickening in- 
duration of the follicles, and when this takes place it is termed 
acne indurata; inflammation still more severe, suppuration may 
take place — acne pustulatum. These three varieties are com- 
mon among young people of both sexes on face, neck, cheek, 
back. 

The fourth variety, acne rosacea, or grog blossom^ occurs on 
the nose, tips of cheeks and adjacent parts, characterized by an 
increased formation of connective tissue, very vascular, in- 
tensely red, and caused by derangements of the digestive 
organs. 



Twentieth Century Practice. ii 

In the treatment, nutritious, but non-carbonaceous food; 
keep bowels open with kola nut paste; daily bathing. Ozone 
tablets are excellent alternated with 15-drop doses of ozonized 
tine, lycopodium three times a day. Two of the best remedies 
ever introduced for the purpose of rousing the sebaceous fol- 
licles into healthy action. 

Local remedies. — Jelly of violets excellent to get rid of 
thickening pustules; two grains of bichloride of mercury to 
one ounce of ozone ointment is also of efficacy; salicylate of 
soda ointment; one ounce of lactic acid, c. p., to half pint rose 
water. Another form is, lemon juice, 2 ounces; powdered 
borax, 50 grains ; 60 grains sugar ; 5 drops of formalin ; mix. 

Before any local application is applied the face should be 
washed with hot water. 

ACONITE (Folia et Radix). — A mother tincture of either 
the leaves or the root, very valuable as a cerebral and arterial 
sedative in all fevers and inflammations, especially if the heart 
be weak, and there be obstruction to the circulation of the 
blood. 

Dose. — 5 to 10 drops to 4 ounces of water, a teaspoonful of 
this dilution every hour, or more frequent, till the skin be- 
comes moist and temperature lowers. 

ACTINOMYCOSIS OR RAY FUNGUS.— Throughout 
various sections of the country this malady has prevailed in an 
epidemic form. What is it? A pathogenic microbe which 
originates chiefly among cows, in particular pastures, in which 
the fodder is rough, sharp, causing an abrasion in the mouth, 
hence it is usually found upon the tongue and mucous mem- 
brane. In this crack, or breach, the evolution of this bacillus 
takes place, and then propagates itself by contagion and infec- 
tion. 

It is not conceded that the flesh of the cow causes the infec- 
tion, for the microbe is destroyed the moment it is immersed in 
water or even very slightly cooked. Milk of the infected ani- 
mal is the chief means of communicating the microbe to man. 
In the human being it has a special affinity to localize in the 
mouth, either in the mucous membrane through some erosion, 
or in the exposed pulp of a carious tooth. Once located, it 
soon enters the blood, and then its select location is the lungs, 
liver, blood-forming glands. Once the microbe is in the mouth 
it is readily communicated by kissing, by the dental forceps, 



12 Twentieth Century Practice. 

then if not killed it sets up irritation, inflammation, in which a 
fungous growth is formed, made up of round cells, which may- 
break down or go on, increasing in size, forming nodules, with 
fibrous growths between. The nodules by and by become ex- 
cavations or cavities, abscesses rilled with purulent, germ-laden 
matter ; if the germ does not find an abiding place in the mouth, 
it selects the lungs, where it produces great havoc, destroying 
their substance, giving rise to fetid expectoration, exhausting 
sweats. The liver, pink marrow, lymphatics, tonsils, often be- 
come invaded by the fungus. 

The microscopical appearances, with a power of two hundred 
and fifty diameters, are rosettes of pyriform or club-shaped 
masses, which are arborescent, pure white or of a yellowish hue. 

The microbe is pathogenic of the malady, bears cultivation 
well in blood-serum or beef- tea. Cultures injected hypoderm- 
ically into any mammalia give us the disease in twenty-four 
hours. 

Those usually affected with it are butchers, milkmen, cattle- 
dealers, goat-milk consumers, and frequenters of dental offices. 

Before any remedies are applied, all abscesses should be freely 
opened, and counter openings made, so that the bactericide can 
reach the microbial nest. Then select either peroxide of hy- 
drogen, or a solution of boroglyceride, or anti-microbe powder, 
or salicylate of soda, or tincture of siegesbeckie — these should 
be used freely. 

There is little doubt, whether located in the oral cavity or the 
lungs, the best remedy for internal administration is the sul- 
phide of calcium, one grain every hour; as symptoms ameli- 
orate less frequently. 

ACUPRESSURE — A means of arresting hemorrhage 
from a cut artery by passing a needle or pin under the artery, 
and producing pressure by means of a ligature passed in the 
form of a figure-8 fashion from one end of the needle to the 
other. It is of great utility, whenever disease of the coats of 
a vessel is suspected, such as exists in arteriosclerosis, thick- 
ening, hardening, and other senile changes. 

ACUPUNCTURE.— A method of local stimulation or 
counter-irritation, which has been extensively practiced. It 
consists essentially in the formation of a group of either steel, 
silver, or gold needles, arranged on a block, which are brought 
down upon the part to be stimulated, repeated all over the af- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 13 

fected area. It must never be used over any bony projection, 
never to the depth of drawing blood. The instrument dotted 
over with needles is sometimes used to conduct electricity into 
the parts, but better still is the application of the oil of mustard 
over the points of penetration. The treatment has been of spe- 
cial advantage in spinal irritation, sciatica, ataxia, neuralgia. 

ACROMEGALY. — This is a hyperplasia of the most 
diverse kind, first seen in the bones, brain, nerves, with altera- 
tions in the thyroid and thymus, characterized by widespread 
tissue growth. 

The etiology of the malady is still in doubt. There is an irri- 
tation; whether it be chemical or bacteriological, or some tro- 
pho-neurotic influence from a degenerated brain, diseased 
nerves, chaotic, sympathetic, or some chemical agent irritating 
the tissue, it is impossible to say. Many justly believe it to be 
a morbid state of the thyroid — a vitiated sensation. 

The initial symptoms, which either precede or accompany 
the enlargement of the extremities and head, are debility, nerve 
tire, drowsiness, headache, severe attacks of migrain, pain 
throughout the entire body, but the most striking symptom in 
all cases is the advancing enlargement of the extremities — the 
colossal development of the hands and feet — legs and fore- 
arms, in the regions of the wrists and ankles. It may be sym- 
metrical all over, or one half of the body clear down may only 
partake of the enlargement, or it may be confined to the feet, 
or some other part. 

In an examination of the bones, the enlargement is found to 
be an overgrowth of the bones, especially in their breadth and 
thickness. In addition to those bones enumerated, bones of the 
face, lower jaw, cheek, and with them other tissue, such as en- 
largement of the under lip, nose, tongue; sometimes the ear, 
eyelids, larynx ; more rarely thickening of the femur, humerus, 
scapula, ribs. The progres of the malady is slow, stationary 
for decades. 

Many bony diseases resemble acromegaly superficially, but 
it must be borne in mind that in acromegaly there is no deform- 
ity of joints, no tenderness, no grating, no exudate. 

No remedy, so far available, but alteratives, tonics, a con- 
structive course of treatment in which the glycerin extract of 
the lamb plays an important part, usually relieves the weakness 
and nervousness. 



34 Twentieth Century Practice. 

ADHESION. — A result of inflammatory action, of effusion 
of plastic lymph from the blood, by which parts of the body, 
naturally separated, become united, or adherent to each other. 
All the various structures of the body are thus, if severed, 
capable of being united or repaired. Undesirable adhesions 
often take place in the serous membranes, in pleurisy, peri- 
tonitis, pericarditis, membranes of the brain. 

In synovial membranes, which line joints, especially in 
chronic rheumatism, giving rise to partial or complete 
ankylosis. 

In the ligation of blood-vessels, or acupressure, the internal 
coats of the artery unite by adhesion. Nerves will unite, if 
placed in perfect apposition, both motion and sensation be re- 
stored, and the sheath of a nerve often unites with the nerve 
itself in sciatica. 

Mucous membranes will unite, if lacerated or torn. The 
skin, if all foreign bodies be removed and perfect apposition 
maintained ; raw surfaces, if kept in contact, as in burns of the 
fingers, often adhere. 

Adhesion of bones takes place under perfect apposition and 
rest. Adhesions give rise to deformities and are the cause of 
much chronic disease of vital organs, as brain, lungs, heart. 

When it is desirable to get an effusion of lymph for repair of 
tissue, keep vital force normal by diet, bathing/fest, blood vital- 
izes ; when effusion of lymph is not the aim, stimulate the parts 
more actively, so as to induce leukocytosis. 

The treatment of adhesions in joints requires great tact, 
good judgment, and a long, persevering use of comp. saxifraga. 

ADENITIS. — Inflammation of the lymphatic glands. Its 
etiology is either some toxin in the blood or some local irri- 
tation — the former embraces the absorption of septic matter, 
toxins of disease germs, the debris of bacterial growth, such as 
the toxins of tubercle, syphilis, cancer, bubonic plague, etc. ; 
the latter local irritation. 

Treatment. — It may be advisable in some cases to hasten sup- 
puration, with either frequently changed lye poultices, until it 
points, or, in other words, until the lympth in which the toxins 
are effused breaks down entirely, and the skin ruptures, its con- 
tents escape, or make free crucial incisions into it, which can be 
adopted. Peroxide of hydrogen will play an important part as 
a local remedy, while echinacea or other antiseptics internally. 
A constitutional course should be adopted based on the pro- 
ducing cause. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 15 

ADENOMA. — Pseudo-leucocythaemia is a peculiar disease 
of the blood, like leucocythsemia dependent upon an enlarge- 
ment or hypertrophy of lymphatic glands ; glands of neck, ax- 
illa, groin symmetrically enlarged, not inflamed or fused to- 
gether; thoracic and abdominal glands also affected. Patient 
becomes weak, loses flesh, soon out of breath on exertion, symp- 
toms of pressure at base of chest or abdomen, gradually increas- 
ing debility. It is also called Hodgkin's disease. 

It is well known that the lymphatics preside over or are car- 
riers of nutrition or lymph, but how they influence the blood in 
the production of white cells is unknown. The spleen, 
lymphatics, mesentery, suprarenal capsules, and the pink mar- 
row of the bones constitute the great lymph channels ; in each 
or all of them when obstructed, damaged or diseased, there is 
the prevailing characteristic cropping out — excess of white cor- 
puscles. 

Alterative and tonics should be persevered with. 

ADIPOSE TISSUE. — There are drugs, when properly ad- 
ministered, of real merit in the removal of superfluous fat from 
the human body; we enumerate the two leading remedies, 
namely, the ozonized juice or succus of the ripe phytolacca ber- 
ries and the ozonized extract of fucus vesiculosus, both excel- 
lent alteratives, inimical and destructive to adipose tissue, and 
still both remedies fail in certain cases. 

When there is a decided failure of action of either or both 
those remedies in obesity, close observation will show that there 
is a cirrosed liver as the cause, a liver that is either blighted with 
alcohol or malaria, or degenerated by mercury or syphilis ; 
remove this condition by the proper remedies, and all will go 
well. 

In the selection of the pokeberry juice, it must be genuine 
ozonized, no patent nostrum in which mercurials are loaded up. 

The juice of the phytolacca berries need no adjuvant to aid 
their action in wiping out adipose tissue. 

The fucus vesiculosus must also be well guarded, the ozo- 
nized extract must be selected and administered in such doses 
as to affect the liver ; then it will soon be visible, a disappearance 
of all superabundant matter. To be effective, it must be pre- 
pared from the fresh bladder wrack, and its properties extracted 
by a special menstruum. 

If either of the two remedies do not act promptly, take it for 
granted that there is either a sluggish or indurated liver, and 



1 6 Twentieth Century Practice. 

administer from five to ten grains of the periodate aurum every 
other night; this aids matters materially at all events; it is 
worthy of a trial in all cases in which non-success has followed 
the original treatment. 

The ozonized extract of the thyroid gland is one of the most 
effective, most reliable of all anti-fat remedies; it has a most 
powerful influence in reducing adipose tissue. 

AIR. — The atmosphere which surrounds the globe on which 
we dwell, and extends to a height of about forty-five miles, con- 
sists of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen in the following pro- 
portions : by volume, 21 of oxygen to 79 of nitrogen ; by weight, 
23 of oxygen to 77 of nitrogen. Although oxygen and ni- 
trogen make up the bulk of the atmosphere, yet small quantities 
of other substances may be present; some of these are impuri- 
ties, whilst others are useful constituents. The other useful 
constituents of the air besides oxygen and nitrogen are water 
(in the shape of aqueous vapor, clouds, or mists), carbonic 
acid gas, and ozone. The impurities which may exist in the 
air in small quantities are nitrogen tetroxide, nitric acid, sul- 
phur dioxide, sulphurous and sulphuric acids, chlorine, sul- 
phuretted hydrogen, carbonic acid gas (in excess), soot, fun- 
goid, and bacterial micro-organisms. The ox)^gen of the air 
supports combustion and animal life. The nitrogen is only- 
useful as a diluent of the oxygen. If it were not present ani- 
mals would live too fast and would soon die. The carbonic 
acid gas is useful, for on its presence the life of plants depends. 
When in excess, however, it becomes a dangerous impurity, 
not so much from its own poisonous properties as from the fact 
that it affords an index of the amount of highly poisonous 
effete organic material which is present. Thus air containing 
.04 per cent of carbonic acid gas is pure, but if the quantity 
amounts to .06 per cent the air becomes stuffy and foul because 
of the putrefiable organic matter excreted from the lungs with 
the carbonic acid gas. Ozone does not, as a rule, exist in 
towns, and is found in greatest amount near the sea. The im- 
purities of air are chiefly derived from the combustion of fuel, 
from chemical works and sewer gas. 

The inhabitants of our large cities are often the victims of 
inhaling sewer gas, owing to some sanitary defect, deficient 
connection or crumbling of pipes, permitting sewage and its 
deadly microbic emanations to permeate the earth. 

In sewage there is to be found every pathogenic and non- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 17 

pathogenic germ, the gases from which the most toxical agents 
can be isolated. 

The denizens of all our cities breathe these poisons; conse- 
quently none are well. Every man, woman and child com- 
plains of languor, lassitude, debility, headache, stiffness in the 
joints, bad odor of the breath, and coated tongue. Our popu- 
lation feel aged ; our city physicians call this malaria, whereas 
it is sewer-gas poisoning. 

Feeble women, more dilapidated children, often succumb 
to its influence, die from its effects. Quite a number of deaths 
can be traced to this source. They die with all the symptoms 
of blood poisoning, symptoms peculiar to itself, neither present 
nor described as existing in any other disease. 

The microbicide from which the most signal benefit can be 
derived is ozone water, that great scavenger to diseased, germ- 
laden blood. The dose is two drams to one tumberful of 
water, of which one tablespoonful is given at intervals, half an 
hour apart. Its effects upon all cases are marvelous. Under it, 
pain in the head, back and calves disappears, tongue cleaned, 
temperature and pulse subside; every symptom yields to its 
magical power, besides it exerts a renewal of life in every 
structure. 

For sewer-gas poisoning, ozone water is superior to peroxide 
of hydrogen or any other remedy, and it would be prudent for 
any physician in a city to keep it in all the families over which 
he presides, as their guardian angel of health. 

Under the influence of protonuclein. my patients made an 
excellent and rapid recovery. 

ALBINOS. — A term applied to individuals who have a 
white skin, with white or yellowish white hair, the iris very 
pale, bordering on red, and the eyes so sensitive to light that 
they cannot bear daylight. The condition is congenital, and 
is common among all races of men. As a rule, there is a great 
lack of mentality. Cause unknown. 

ALBUMINURIA. — The presence of albumin in the urine 
may be either temporary or permanent ; the former, when due to 
either the toxins of disease germs, or the microbes themselves 
passing through the kidneys, which is invariably the case in 
scarlet fever, erysipelas, smallpox, cholera, typhoid fever, 
pneumonia, etc. ; the latter, in all pathological states of the 
kidney, as chronic inflammation, diabetes, cardiac disease, tu- 
berculosis and cancer. 



1 8 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The best method to detect albumin in the urine is to boil it, 
add nitric acid to it, which will coagulate all the albumin. 

If due to the presence of disease germs and their toxins in 
the kidney, administer nitrite of sodium, with large doses of 
passiflora; if due to degenerative changes (Bright), celery 
comp., nitroglycerin and protonuclein ; if due to the glucose 
fungus, jambul and peroxide of hydrogen; if due to cardiac 
disease, digitalis and creatinin ; if due to the bacillus tubercle, 
saturate the system with guaiacol ; if to the cancer neoplasm, 
Chian turpentine mistura. 

ALCOHOL. — A colorless liquid obtained by the distillation 
of fermented saccharine liquids. It is pungent to the taste and 
smell, is very inflammable, burning without smoke, and is 
miscible with water in all proportions. It possesses great 
solvent properties, particularly with regard to resinous sub- 
stances. It is, therefore, used largely in medicine in the prepa- 
ration of drugs, as in tinctures and alcoholic extracts. There 
are a large number of alcohols known to chemists, but that 
generally referred to under the name alcohol is ethylic alcohol. 

ALCOHOLISM. — A disease, or rather a series of diseases, 
caused by the use and abuse of alcoholic drinks. Its ordinary 
course is to give rise first to digestive disorders, morning 
sickness, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite — troubles of mo- 
tility, muscular debility, cramps — then nervous affections, in- 
somnia, hallucinations, paralysis, idiocy, epilepsy — mental and 
moral derangement, loss of memory and will-power, an abro- 
gation or at least a diminution of the moral sense. 

All drugs have a primary and secondary action, but here the 
nervous system is primarily affected, and a better division is 
acute and chronic. In the acute, symptoms immediately or 
soon after the ingestion of the alcohol, ordinary beastly drunk- 
enness ; mental states closely allied to hysteria ; apoplectic form, 
comatose condition, frequently terminating fatally. Alcoholic 
libations carried to inebriation act with energy on the nerves 
of special sense : vision is dimmed ; hearing blunted ; anesthesia 
sets in, the reflexes are palsied, and ataxia of the voluntary 
muscles follow, want of muscular control, usually followed 
by unconsciousness. 

In the chronic there are a larger number of victims at- 
tacked; its effects are widespread, not only on the individual, 
but his familv, societv, civilization are affected by it. He im- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 19 

plants degeneracy on himself and offsprings ; he takes in the 
nation as a type of physical and moral degeneracy ; diminished 
mental power, vertigo, all sorts of mental disorders, involun- 
tary oscillation of body when standing, difficulties in walking ; 
stuttering; lack of co-ordination of muscular movement, a 
general diminution of strength and muscular contractility. 

The daily use of alcohol anticipates age ; in the drunkard as 
in the aged we have atrophy of the brain, an increase of the 
cerebro-spinal fluid — fatty degeneration of blood-vessels, of 
heart-muscle, of liver and kidneys ; dilatation of the pulmonary 
air cells (emphysema) ; ossification of the costal and laryngeal 
cartilages. A rarefaction of bony substance, in which adipose 
tissue enters its place. 

Degeneracy does not disappear with the drunkard; he en- 
grafts it on his children in the idiocy of alcoholic conception — 
diseases of a lower type, suicides, madness, crime, epilepsy. 
In the chronic form the drink habit is acquired and other 
changes in the nervous system of great importance. The first 
action of alcohol is to stimulate the circulation and brain; it 
borrows from the vital resources a sufficient amount of force 
to make a display of apparent strength, but at a great cost to 
the organism, and a too frequent repetition of the draft must 
eventuate in physical bankruptcy. But, unfortunately, the 
very process which enables a man to make this display of seem- 
ing health and energy soon destroys his ability to correctly 
gauge his vital reserve, and the neurotic taint, sole inheritance 
of many, clamors more and more violently for the stimulant 
which shall make its unfortunate possessor the momentary peer 
of any man. The inception of the drink habit is the first step 
in the process of mental, moral, and physical suicide; and the 
physician has faulty judgment who recommends alcohol in any 
form. 

The quality and composition of the alcohol the peculiar bev- 
erage, constitute an eminently variable factor in the kind and 
quality of the degenerative changes induced. 

Alcohol is not a food, but a poison, an arrester of normal 
metamorphosis. It never assists in building up tissue. It is fal- 
lacious to suppose that even small doses are not injurious, even 
small it diminishes vital power, renders the user unfit for the 
struggle of life. Its direct action is cell death, liver cirrhosis 
— heart and kidney disease exerts its most baneful influence on 
vital organs — paralyzes nerves, deranges all functions, spoils 
temper, shortens life. 



20 Twentieth Century Practice. 

In all persons addicted to the use of alcohol, the brain be- 
comes indurated and anemic, and persistent insomnia sets in, 
A very satisfactory prescription to give in all cases of acute 
alcoholism is the following, which meets nicely all the indica- 
tions: Passiflora, ozonized, two ounces; one ounce tincture 
capsicum ; half an ounce of green root tincture gelsemium ; half 
an ounce of chloral hydrate, and the same quantity of bromide 
of potassa. Mix, administer in small doses. Note effects, and 
continue, guided by indications and susceptibility. Shortly 
after taking a few doses, patient becomes very quiet and falls 
into a restful sleep, which usually lasts a considerable time. As 
soon as he wakes up, the prescription can be again continued, as 
it is of special value in all cases of cerebral ansemia, regardless 
of cause. Small and oft-repeated doses are best in making an 
inroad upon the pathological condition. As soon as the mania 
passes off, give kephalin and oats, administered in the form of 
granules, one thrice daily. Owing to their selective affinity 
for the nerve cells of man, have proved of inestimable value. 
The use of alcohol in the parents arrests normal metamor- 
phosis, and racial progress; if it does not create deaf-mutism, 
idiocy in the offspring ; it gives a tendency, an impetus to neu- 
rotic affections, nerve disease of a brain type. 

One of the numerous actions of alcohol is to increase the 
serum of the blood, which hinders the growth of germs and 
has a direct inhibitory action upon all bacteria ; and this is de- 
pendent upon the quantity and quality of the albumin in it. It 
is the main factor, the salts only serving to keep it in good con- 
dition. 

Germs in the blood of an inebriate are never active, but as a 
rule seek privacy in his liver, spleen and marrow of bones. 

The administration of the thyroid extract to the drunkard is 
a failure, but give it to his feeble-minded, deformed, idiotic, 
deaf-mute, myxedematous offspring, its use is invariably at- 
tended with a perfect restoration to health. 

ALCOHOL A POISON. — Neurologists agree that the hab- 
itual use of alcohol in its various forms is the chief cause in the 
production of nervous diseases, such as neuralgia, neuritis, epi- 
lepsy, spinal sclerosis, idiocy, insanity. The constant use of 
whisky, brandy, wine, beer or other spirituous beverages, causes 
first a chronic congestion and irritability of all the organs, fol- 
lowed by inflammatory thickening and gradual loss of function. 
Even the moderate drinker cannot wholly escape. A single 



Twentieth Century Practice. 21 

daily glass of whisky taken for some years will, as a man grows 
older, bring about a renal and vesical irritability with prostatic 
congestion, which might have been avoided by total abstinence. 
It is a mistake to suppose that as a man ages he must necessarily 
suffer from too frequent and difficult micturition. Nine times 
out of ten the trouble is due to the habitual, if temperate, use of 
alcoholic liquors. 

The evil effects of alcoholic drinks are chiefly manifested in 
the nervous system and the kidneys, although every tissue in the 
body is more or less injured. It has been figured that, if the 
use of alcohol in the form of artificial stimulants were entirely 
abandoned, the life of the race would advance at least thirty 
years. 

There is no especial benefit to be derived from even the me- 
dicinal use of alcohol which can counteract its disadvantages. 
We have other stimulants, such as nitroglycerin, strychnia, 
atropia, capsicum, etc., which give the desired results and can 
be discontinued at our pleasure. Alcohol is not a necessity for 
old people. It may warm them up and increase appetite tem- 
porarily, but there are other drugs which will do the same, 
thing, and in the long run alcohol makes the condition of the 
aged less tolerable. 

Alcohol is not a necessity. It is not a desirable remedy. It 
is chiefly responsible for the physical degeneracy of the race. 
Its use often develops an appetite which, in many persons, be- 
comes an insatiable craving. Its place in our materia medica 
is readily taken by other less dangerous drugs, and the physi- 
cain has no legitimate excuse to prescribe alcoholic stimulants. 
Not only should he taboo the use of alcohol, but he should ex- 
ert himself to educate people concerning the irremediable physi- 
cal damage which it causes. Most men are willing to do right, 
once they are made to clearly see it, and it is part of the 
physician's duty to show them the vital importance of absti- 
nence. 

Alcohol should never be used in medicine except as a 
medium to hold drugs in solution. It is the best solvent yet 
known for the active principles of plant remedies, and medi- 
cated tablets do not give the same satisfactory results obtained 
from fluid preparations, but the amount of alcohol thus con- 
sumed is so small and so soon discontinued, it produces no ap- 
preciable ill effect. 

While we do not believe that there is ever a real need for the 
use of alcoholic stimulants, yet, we understand that prohibition 



22 Twentieth Century Practice. 

will never be successful in abolishing alcohol. People must 
first be convinced that it is a curse to them and to posterity; 
then and then only will they let it alone. 

1. Alcohol acts primarily on the nerve cells, changing their 
granular matter, breaking up their nutrition and changing their 
dynamic force. 

2. This action is followed by contraction of the dentrites, 
swelling and atrophy of these fibres, also shrinking of cell walls, 
as in fatigue, and coalescing and disappearance of the granular 
matter of protoplasm. 

3. The special injury from alcohol seems to be on protoplasm 
and terminal fibres of nerve trunks. The irritation and inflam- 
mation of the nerve walls and fibres ending in slorosis are 
common. 

4. Alcohol acts on the leukocytes of the blood, checking their 
activity, and destroying their function. These are driven in 
masses by the increasing rapidity of the heart, and become 
blocked up in the capillaries, forming centres of obstruction and 
injury. 

5. The use of alcohol is found to be followed by diminution 
of the carbon dioxide and all waste elimination, with a marked 
sensorial palsy of the senses, and a slowing up of all the mental 
operations. These are the results of measurements with in- 
struments of precision, and cannot be mistaken. 

6. The action of alcohol in the light of modern research dif- 
fers widely from the theories and current beliefs of the day. 



ALKALI. — A class of chemical substances which are recog- 
nized by the following properties : They unite with acids with 
avidity, thus forming salts; they do not turn litmus blue into 
red, but will change reddened litmus back to its former color. 
Most of them have acrid, caustic properties. The most import- 
ant alkalies used in medicine are caustic soda and potash, with 
their carbonates, bicarbonates, acetates, and citrates ; ammonia, 
and magnesia, with their numerous preparations. Taken in- 
ternally, they have the power of checking alkaline secretions, 
and stimulating or increasing acid secretions. They produce 
their effect either indirectly through the blood, or directly by 
their action on the mucous membranes. When used to coun- 
teract the acidity of the contents of the stomach, they receive 
the name antacids. — Their constant use is injurious. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 23 

ALKALOIDS. — Certain chemical bodies, active principles 
extracted from vegetable substances, which form salts when 
combined with acids. They are generally crystalline. 

Alkaloids, and their salts, are the most powerful medicinal 
agents we possess with which to combat morbid action, as the 
smallest fraction of a grain taken internally, or applied locally, 
produces marked physiological results. 

They are all violent poisons, sparingly soluble in water, but 
more so in dilute acids and alcohol. 

Alkaloids, animal, from decomposing tissue, cadaveric, are 
even more deadly poisons than those extracted from the vege- 
table kingdom. Some physicians claim that all the virtue of a 
drug resides in its alkaloid ; others that the crude drug contains 
its real medicinal properties. Both are right. The crude 
drug and the alkaloid have different indications, and cannot 
be successfully exchanged. 

Take cinchona — Peruvian bark — for example. A tincture, 
or infusion of this bark, is the finest all-round tonic in the ma- 
teria medica, but its antiperiodic powers are feeble. On the 
other hand, quinine — the alkaloid of cinchona — is a powerful 
antiperiodic, but an inferior tonic. 

Opium is another illustration of the variance between alka- 
loids and the crude drug. The combination of tinctures, 
opium and ipecac, is a much better diaphoretic than morphia 
and ipecac, although morphia acts more quickly as a pain-re- 
lieving agent. Apomorphia is another derivative of opium, 
having a distinctive field of its own, widely different from both 
morphia and opium. 

Nux vomica and strychnia cannot be used interchangeably 
without a loss of some of the subtlest properties of the drug. 
Tincture of nux vomica gives most satisfaction in atonic con- ( 
ditions of the digestive organs, while strychnine exerts its in- 
fluence upon respiration and the cerebrospinal system generally, 
erally. 

Aletris is the best remedy known in the treatment of female 
troubles, but aletrin has proved disappointing. Neither does 
gelsemin give the prompt and decided effects produced by a 
good green root tincture of gelsemium. 

ALIMENTATION.— The stomach, with its thirty-two 
feet of intestines, is an evolutional body. Man is in a great 
measure what his digestive organism makes him, as this has 
much to do with the development of both mind and body. 



24 Twentieth Century Practice. 

Adulterated food, the origin, growth and use of which is do- 
ing much to depreciate the modern man, was unknown to our 
forefathers. Primitive man was strong, full of vital power, 
commanding in stature, and lived to a good old age, untroubled 
by tuberculosis, appendicitis, nervous prostration, toothache, 
headache, locomotor-ataxia, and a thousand other ills which 
shorten his life to-day. Every indication goes to show that 
while the race has been gradually advancing in knowledge and 
experience, it has just as surely been degenerating physically. 

It is generally admitted that all the tissues of the body are 
elaborated from food eaten, and it is well known that for the 
past one hundred years our people do not eat the proper 
kind of food to make the best brain and blood. They are ig- 
norant of nutrition and assimilation ; they have cultivated and 
created abnormal tastes ; demoralized natural instincts. 

Intellect is a cerebral secretion ; it is the function of the brain 
to secrete it. The activity of the secretion depends upon the 
soundness of the organ and the character of the blood that 
supplies it ; the quality of the blood is determined by the food 
eaten, the nature and extent of its assimilation. In other 
words, a man is what his stomach makes him. Certain foods 
are introduced; from these tissues are manufactured. If the 
nutrition is bad, mal-assimilation ; his body is full of ptomains ; 
his brain secretes an inferior quality of mind, and he transmits 
both a physical and mental constitution weaker than his own. 
If he does not eat enough, if the food is not nutritious, does 
not supply the proper elements, he may become anemic, im- 
poverished in brain and blood. 

Food either excessively stimulates, or, in excess, modifies 
character. Animal food gives rise to a dangerous accumula- 
tion of uric acid in the body. 

Appetite, food, digestion, modifies races, as we see in the 
Anglo-Saxon, on his diet, an aggressive race; in the Mon- 
golian, on his rice diet, with lack of energy, enterprise. 

Let us, by the use of good food, provide an inheritance of 
blood and brain for the coming race ; better conditions for the 
whole human family by recognizing the evolutional power of 
the stomach. . 

Diet in dyspepsia and indigestion should be limited only 
temporarily or to a slight degree. It is proper enough to for- 
bid such beverages as tea and coffee, which are positively, 
though mildly toxic, and such achievements of culinary art as 
cakes, pastry and heavy vegetables, which scarcely deserve the 



Twentieth Century Practice. 25 

name of food. But almost all patients need some warm bev- 
erage, fruit, sugar, a variety of meats, breadstuffs, and con- 
centrated vegetable nourisment. 

Chocolate with milk, cocoa chips, or some of the cereal sub- 
stitutes for coffee may be allowed as beverages. 

As to fruits, a good general rule is to forbid the patient to 
swallow anything of the nature of skin, core, or seed — with the 
possible exception of grapes, which are not palatable if the 
outer sweet coating is penetrated — but to allow a moderate 
quantity of the pulp or juice of any fruit desired, after meals. 

In the selection of meats, we naturally turn first to beef, but 
idiosyncrasies must be respected. Some persons relish lamb, 
others poultry, a few even pork, better than beef. In con- 
ditions of true subacidity — the common cause or result of 
almost all cases of dyspepsia, whether organic or functional — 
there is at least a theoretical indication for sodium chloride and 
some antiseptic, which may be fulfilled by giving salted and 
smoked meats. Ham — crisp, not soggy — salt pork, raw salt 
codfish, perhaps slightly toasted, halibut, etc., may be proper 
food, though not so quickly digested as fresh meats. 

It is wise, whenever the patient is well enough to have his 
impressions and experiences considered, to ask him as to likes 
and dislikes, to be guided by his appetites and by his antipa- 
thies, to explain what foods he may take and why he may not 
take others, yet always to leave as wide a choice as possible, and 
even if the staple must remain the same, to vary the flavor from 
one meal to the next. 

AMYL NITRITE. — Two to five drops inhaled is a power- 
ful cardiac stimulant, reducing the blood pressure, by dilating 
the blood-vessels, increasing the heart's action. Its use affords 
instantaneous relief in that terrible, agonizing spasm of the 
heart known as agina pectoris. It is also frequently of great 
efficacy in epilepsy, asthma, seasickness, convulsions, headache, 
gout. 

The nitrite of sodium has the same action — dilates all the 
blood-vessels, relieves the heart. 

Nitrite of glycerin has precisely the same properties, and 
in the form of a suppository gives immediate and wonderful re* 
lief in headache, epilepsy, asthma, seasickness, convulsions. 

ALIMENTARY CANAL.— The intestinal tract is the 
habitat of an incredible number of bacteria and fungi, elab- 



26 Twentieth Century Practice. 

orated in the process of food disintegration, which, if there be 
a passage of the bowels every twenty-four hours, no untoward 
result takes place, but if there be retention over that period 
functional disturbance of the intestines is excited by the toxic 
products present, and by and by these toxins begin to affect 
the nervous system. 

Habitual constipation, with its prodigious growth of germs 
and toxins, is liable to give rise to headache, insomnia, hal- 
lucinations, and a certain form of insanity is the direct outcome 
of the absorption of those poisons. 

A retention, therefore, of the contents of the bowels gives 
rise to auto-intoxication and grave central nervous trouble. 

This is especially true if there be any pathogenic microbes in 
the blood, such as tubercle, syphilis, and cancer. 

If there exists either temporary or habitual inertia of the in- 
testines, it should be promptly overcome by some remedy that 
will destroy the bacteria, neutralize their toxins, increase per- 
istaltic action, at the same time strengthen and vitalize the 
towels. 

This remedy we have in an extract prepared from the kola 
nut, which is an invigorator of the nervous system, imparting 
special tonicity to the bowels. 

The practice of prescribing glycerin, either orally or by the 
rectum in suppository form, is a grave mistake, as the dail use 
of glycerin exhausts both the mucous and serous coats of the 
bowels, and is productive of cancer. 

The kola nut extract, paste or lozenge, is the best remedy we 
have for habitual constipation. No other therapeutic agent 
can compare with it. 

ANIMAL EXTRACTS.— Of all the animal extracts, there 
are three never-failing in their action, that is, the ozonized ex- 
tract of the thyroid gland of the lamb, kephalin and c. p. solu- 
tion of spermin — all others are of doubtful utility. 

The thyroid extract favors growth, development, perfection 
in construction, and repair; whereas the c. p. solution of 
spermin possesses an elective action upon the nutrition of the 
nervous system and is of the utmost efficacy in all forms of 
nervous exhaustion. The vitality which it increases, animates 
into healthy activity, accelerates all vital functions and even 
stays the sclerosis of ataxia. 

Administered in all diseases of the nervous system, the af- 
flicted individual soon complains of less vertigo, headache and 



Twentieth Century Practice. 27 

insomnia; less muscular and mental fatigue, or rather it eradi- 
cates neurasthenia. 

Administered in diabetes, the general condition improves 
rapidly, the quantity of glucose diminishes, often disappears, 
the general health greatly benefited. 

Anemia, chlorosis, chronic gout and rheumatism, pulmonary, 
tuberculosis, senility are greatly benefited by its fertilization of 
the central nervous system. Its action is unequal in all cases of 
impotency and sterility. 

Kephalin, as a vital constructor, is a powerful remedy for 
toning up the brain and preventing senility. 

In the hands of a careful practitioner, a judicious adminis- 
tration of these two extracts will promote a higher type of man- 
hood and the cure of very many nervous diseases. 

ANTIDOTES. — Medicines which either relieve or counter- 
act or annihilate the symptoms produced by poisons. They 
may be chemical, either counteracting, or neutralizing, or alter- 
ing the nature of the poison, forming a harmless compound with 
it ; or physiological, wiping out its physiological action ; or vital \ 
stamping out the poison, in the progress of morbid action. 

ALOPECTA. — Baldness more or less complete.- The mi- 
croscope shows that the hair is developed from the skin, and 
may be regarded (with the nails) as appendages to it. Even- 
hair consists of two parts, a root and shaft. The shaft is cylin- 
drical and is covered by an outer layer of overlapping scales, 
which project over each other, like slates on a roof, the project- 
ing edges looking upwards. The main substance of the hair 
consists of fibres, or elongated cells, packed closely together, 
whilst in the coarser hairs of the body the centre is occupied 
by the medulla, or pith, which is made up of small angular cells, 
granules of fat, and coloring matter. The root of the hair 
swells into a knob, and is received in a recess in the skin which 
is called a hair-follicle. The hair-follicles consist of two coats, 
an outer or dermic coat, continuous with the deep layers of the 
skin, and an inner, which is continuous with the superficial 
layers of the skin, and is called the root-sheath. When the 
hair is pulled out, the root-sheath comes away with it — hence 
its name. The outer coat is made up of three layers: (a) 
formed of connective tissue, blood-vessels, and nerves; (b) 
corpuscles in a fibrous matrix ; (c) an inner homogeneous mem- 
brane. The inner coat or root-sheath has two lavers, the inner 



28 Twentieth Century Practice. 

and outer root-sheath. The outer of these is made up of large 
cells and is thicker than the other ; it corresponds to the deepest 
layer of the epidermis (rete mucosum). The inner root- 
sheath corresponds to the outer horny layer of the skin. The 
bulbous root of the hair fits on to a papilla. The papilla is at 
the bottom of the bulb. In addition each hair has a small 
muscle which connects the deep skin with the root of the hair. 
When this muscle contracts from cold, fright, or other causes, 
it gives rise to "goose-skin," or makes the hair "stand on 
end." It may also help in the excretion of sebaceous matter. 
In connection with each hair-follicle is a cluster of sacculated 
glands, which secrete fatty matters, and opens into the follicle 
by a small canal or duct. These are the sebaceous glands. The 
fatty matter they secrete lubricates the hairs. Occasionally, 
from various causes, the duct gets closed, and the sebaceous 
matter collects in the gland, thus enlarging it, and forming a 
sebaceous tumor. 

With regard to the chemical composition of hair. It is 
composed of albuminous and nitrogenous complex substances 
(keratin, etc.), and usually contains sulphur, which is said 
to be present in larger quantities in red hair. When burnt, 
the ash contains oxide of iron and manganese. The ash of 
white hair contains phosphate of magnesium and alumina. 
The hair is more resistant of decay than any tissue in the 
body. They may be an excessive growth, or a deficiency, or 
a falling off. 

Alopecia may be divided into four groups, atrophic or senile; 
structural; pigmentary ; parasitic. 

i. Senile or Atrophic. — Is not confined to the aged, but 
is too frequently met with among young men, masturbators, 
guilty of sexual excesses, suffering from spermatorrhea, the 
hair nutrition is drained off. It is often attributed to mental 
exertion, strain, worry, fret, wearing light hats. 

2. Structural. — A perversion of the nutritive process 
going on in the hair, due to the presence of microbes in the 
blood and their toxins in the hair- follicles ; the microbes of 
typhoid fever, the bacillus of syphilis and tubercle are most 
toxical to their nutrition and growth. Usually it is not perma- 
nent; after recovery or elimination of the poison, the hair grows 
again. 

3. Pigmentary. — Under this head alopecia areata is 
classed as due to nervous diseases, in which the root is atrophied 
and bulb absent. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 29 

4/ Parasite. — A peculiar fungus often attacks the hair, 
gases form with its bulbs and sheath and the hair ruptures— 
in other cases the fungus attaches itself to the hair and un- 
sheaths it, causes it to become knotty. Tinea induces degen- 
erative changes. 

The general treatment of alopecia in all its different forms, 
to place the patient upon a course of alteratives, tonics, local 
stimulants, and a diet calculated to promote the nourishment of 
the hair. The best alteratives are comp. saxifraga; ozone 
tablets; periodate aurum. As tonics, comp. matricaria; 
kephalin, oats. As local stimulants one of the following hair 
lotions : Ozone Hair Restorer, Ozone Golden Tonic, etc. 

A very generous diet, especially oatmeal, which seems to 
have a remarkable influence in promoting the nutrition of the 
hair. 

ALETRIS FARINOSA.— The root of the Aletris 
farinosa, or star-grass, is a uterine tonic and restorative, and 
of unexcelled value in amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and menor- 
rhagia, intrauterine catarrh, sterility, ulceration of neck of 
uterus; prevents miscarriage, renders labor painless, mitigates 
all the suffering at change of life. It is a remedy of priceless 
value to all ladies whose uterine system is dilapidated, and at 
the climacteric period of life. 

Preparation and Doses. — A wine, prepared from the re- 
cently coarsely ground root is the most eligible and definite 
preparation, in doses of one or two tablespoonfuls every three 
hours, or as indicated. 

All other preparations are worthless. 

So many and varied are the causes which give rise either to 
inertia, or weakness, or relaxation of the nerves and muscular 
fibres of the uterus, that there is in some cases a perfect in- 
ability to contract after labor has terminated. 

Imperfect contraction of the uterus in and during parturi- 
tion is the main factor in the production of septicaemia so called, 
but properly speaking the evolution of the microbe of puerperal 
fever. 

A devitalized or relaxed uterus, then, is the common predis- 
posing cause of microbic evolution — self-infection, as it favors 
the formation of clots in the uterus. The muscular fibres have 
not imparted to them the necessary nerve stimulant; they do 
not contract, as they should; they leave the mouths of the 
uterine sinuses open ; the denuded placental site, instead of 



30 Twentieth Century Practice. 

being coated over with healthy lymph, is but a mass of deadly 
germs. 

Metria, then, or puerperal septicaemia, is a preventable affec- 
tion by simply keeping a thoroughly vitalized uterus. This is 
indispensable in all child-bearing women — they should see to 
it, that its vital integrity is in no way impaired. Every phy- 
sician who has prescribed the wine of the Aletris farinosa 
asserts that it is the greatest uterine restorative in the materia 
medica. 

ALUMEN.— Alum, astringent and bactericide. Useful in 
painter's colic, optthalmia, leukorrhea, etc. 

Two drams of alum boiled in a pint of milk, strained, ex- 
cellent eye wash. White of egg beat up in alum till it coagu- 
lates, a good remedy in inflammation of the eye. 

Various preserving fluids are made with alum ; used by bak- 
ers to whiten their bread ; it destroys the phosphates in the flour, 
hence the increase of rickets and premature loss of teeth from 
eating bakers' bread; burnt alum useful to destroy exuberant 
granulations. The sulphate powerfully antiseptic and astrin- 
gent. 

ALUMINUM (Aceto-Tartrate).— Dose: Local; a tea- 
spoonful of a fifty per cent solution to teaspoonful of water 
once and repeat. An antiseptic of great value, and the remedy 
occupies a prominent position in the cure of ozaena. A weak 
solution for syringing the nose. Its action is rapid and safe. 
In laryngeal phthisis it may be used by a vaporizer with great 
success. A three per cent solution of acetate of alumina is a 
powerful germicide and disinfectant. It is greatly to be pre- 
ferred to any other agent in surgical practice as it is efficient 
and free from all objections. It is inodorous, and it should be 
diluted with from two to five times its volume of water when 
used as an injection or by irrigation. It promptly destroys all 
disease germs on foul or gangrenous sores, and is one of the 
best antiseptic injections in puerperal septicaemia. Useful in 
some skin affections. 

AMAUROSIS. (Blindness). — One of the great misfor- 
tunes of the present age is impaired vision, which is becoming 
excessively common. Many cases are due to infantile oph- 
thalmia, some to the purulent form ever present in all large 
schools; others to the abnormal methods of teaching, which 



Twentieth Century Practice. * 31 

first give rise to myopia, then to impaired vision. In more ad- 
vanced life, masturbation in both sexes, draining the nervo- 
vital fluid. Insanitary condition and deleterious trades are 
hurtful to healthy vision, also the toxins of disease germs. 

It must ever be remembered that the eye is but an optical in- 
strument through which the brain sees the external, and there 
are numerous conditions always existing which render the 
cerebrum inoperative, as anemia, congestion, poisons, reflex 
states, white softening, so that in the treatment of all cases of 
amaurosis a division must be made, conforming to one or other 
of the five causes that give rise to it. 

Loss of sight, at least what is termed amaurosis, more or less 
complete, then, is always due to some affection of the optic 
nerve, or of the brain, not to any lesion in the eye. 

If It Be Due to Anemia. — The most common causes of a 
want or imperfect vision from impoverished or deficiency of 
blood in the brain are hemorrhages, acute chronic diseases, 
long-continued lactation, imperfect nutrition, meagre or bad 
food. 

Removal of causes, generous diet, give abundance of fresh 
air, sunlight, rest, every constructive agent that is obtainable. 

Matricaria before meals; protonuclein and tonics. 

We have found the following very efficacious : Hydrastine 
and quinine sulphate; iron and hydrogen, of each one grain; 
extract of mix vomica, one-quarter of a grain. Mix; make 
one pill, which amount should be given three times a day. 

If Due to Congestion. — If from any cause there be a de- 
termination of blood to the brain, sufficient to obscure vision, 
the treatment must consist of rest in bed, head and shoulders 
elevated; cloths wrung out of hot water to the head; rollers 
saturated with mustard applied from toes to the knee ; dry cups 
to nape of neck and shoulders, over them a guaiacol plaster. 
Adminster veratrum viride a few drops added to water, every 
few minutes, till the pulse is at sixty, then at intervals of three 
hours. 

Causes must be removed, and then place patient on either a 
solution of spermin or kephalin granules to restore the integrity 
of the brain. 

If It Be Due to Reflex Causes, as we meet with fre- 
quently in the young, whose reflex centre is highly impressible, 
and the fact that the fibres of the optic nerve originate in the 
cervical portion of the spinal cord and pass through the medulla 
oblongata, renders the individual susceptible to impaired vision 



32 Twentieth Century Practice. 

from worms, which should be promptly removed; from mas- 
turbation, which must be abandoned ; from gastric catarrh, the 
sarcinae must be annihilated ; from gall stones, which should be 
disintegrated by the administration of olive oil and matricaria. 

If It Be Due to the Action of Poisons or Toxins. 

We must ever remember that nearly all alkaloid remedies are- 
cerebral poisons. They are often prescribed, often injudiciously 
administered in morbid conditions, too frequently acting most 
disastrously on brain and optic nerve, such as atropia, quinine,, 
nicotine, etc., etc. 

Tobacco, although a sedative in itself, its alkaloidal principle, 
nicotine, is a cerebral irritant, and its habitual or excessive use 
interferes with the vasomotor centres of the brain to such an 
extent that the vessels fail to adjust themselves to a normal 
condition. 

The toxins of all disease-germs affect the brain, and with it 
the optic nerve. We witness their action in syphilis, diabetes,, 
typhoid, in all microbial diseases. It may come on suddenly 
or gradually, giving rise to obscurity of vision. 

The toxin of measles often induces amaurosis, which is 
speedily relieved by an emetic. 

An excess of uric acid in the blood is undoubtedly the source 
of much of the blindness of the present age. 

If Due to White Softening of the Brain. 

Defective vision, intellectual apathy are not always due to 
masturbation and excesses. Neither can every case be traced 
to the uric acid diathesis, nor to the toxins of unrecognized 
disease-germs in the blood. A question which should receive- 
very serious consideration in every case of blindness is the in- 
fluence of the hydra-headed microbe syphilis as a factor in pro- 
ducing atrophy of the optic nerve and degenerative changes in 
the brain itself. If this be suspected, five grains of sulphate of 
quinine with fifteen grains of iodide of potassium, both in solu- 
tion, thrice daily, together with stimulation over the origin of 
the optic nerve in the medulla oblongata, will have a most 
beneficial action on the case. If this plan of treatment fail, 
then such a course as the following may be adopted : Rest, 
change of scene, most nutritious diet, bathing twice daily, fol- 
lowed each time by one or two hours' massage by a highly 
vitalized attendant; continued stimulation over nape of neck; 
then try thyroid extract or protonuclein, matricaria before 
meals, glycerite of kephalin after eating, for ten days. Then 
for the next ten days, change to avena sativa after eating.. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 33 

Select the best of remedies to create a renewal of life in brain 
substance, as spermin, kephalin granules, etc. 

For the preservation of milk and other food products 
formula is often used, which produces in the consumer atrophy 
of the optic nerve, irreparable blindness. 

Uremic Amaurosis is caused by anemia of the brain, the 
result of edema of the brain tissue, due to the circulation of 
urea in the blood. The loss of vision is often sudden and com- 
plete; in other cases slight, but associated with a group of 
symptoms incidental to the uric acid diathesis. In the early 
stages there is no intraocular change, but later on edema of 
the retina, serous infiltration with retinal separation and 
amaurosis. The ozonized uric acid solvent in alternation with 
the compound tincture of matricaria are most effective in 
ridding the system of this poison. The dose of the uric acid 
solvent should be such as will operate very slightly on the 
bowels. 

AMBROSIA ORIENT ALIS.— This remedy has now been 
brought to the attention of our profession, thoroughly tested in 
a large number of cases, with unparalleled success. 

The general conclusions reached in all cases are : That it is 
an aphrodisiac of priceless value; an invigorator of great 
efficacy ; a tonic to every tissue of the body. 

It is safe to say that if the demand for a remedy be a criterion 
of its intrinsic worth, then this one is away ahead of every 
known remedy. 

True, for functional impotency, it exerts a peculiar specific, 
vitalizing effect on the function of the reproductive organs of 
"both sexes; for physical and nervous exhaustion, it is a great 
rebuilder of vital force; for producing a change, a revitalization 
•of nerve cells, it is invaluable in effacing all habits, such as 
tobacco, opium, alcohol, etc., from the brain — not only removes 
them, but effects a radical change for the betterment of the 
race, reinvigoration of the entire body, a higher type of being. 

As a medicament in chronic spinal disease, it exerts a most 
salutary bracing influence. 

In uncomplicated cases of impotency, it is never-failing, in 
re-awaking the lethargic or dormant sexual function; but if 
there be complications, organic changes in the brain and spinal 
cord ; changes which involve diabetes, enlarged prostate, stric- 
ture, diseased bladder, toxins in the blood — these, or whatever 
they may be. must be removed before the action of the remedy 
Is visible. 



34 Twentieth Century Practice. 

When sexually drained out or exhausted men are placed 
upon this remedy, the first sign of improvement is increased 
strength in micturition, dribbling and all leakages cease ; erec- 
tions improve, become stronger and lasting, a very rapid in- 
crease in vigor takes place, and continues, until the object of 
treatment is obtained. 

One peculiar action of the comp. tinct. ambrosia is that it is 
cumulative, the longer it is continued, the better its action be- 
comes, never loses its effect, but keeps adding strength and life 
to the entire body. 

The dose of the remedy to begin with should be half a tea- 
spoonful thrice daily, increased during the first week to a tea- 
spoonful as often. 

The pill or tablet form, one only thrice daily. A suppository 
is best used on retiring to bed, but in cases of complete nervous 
bankruptcy they may be used three times during the day pro- 
vided the patient lies down after their insertion. The bougie 
should be used only every other night. 

AMENORRHEA.— An absence of the menstrual flow. It 
is met with under two forms : 

i. Retention of Menses. — This may depend on a variety 
of congenital conditions, as arrested development, organic 
affections, malformations, such as absence or atrophy of 
ovaries, uterus. Those organs may be present, but vagina may 
be absent, or suffer occlusion, so that if the menses are secreted 
they cannot find their way out. It may depends on some 
disease of brain, spinal cord, or blood. A large percentage of 
such cases can be rectified either with medical treatment or 
some surgical proceeding. 

2. Suppression of Menses. — This is the most common 
form of amenorrhea. The flow having appeared, been properly 
established, for a longer or shorter time, has, from some cause, 
become suddenly arrested. 

The front part of the uterus being very profusely supplied 
with branches of the sympathetic nerve in highly-civilized 
females, the menses, while on, are liable to cease or stop from 
violent emotion, grief, anxiety, or from cold, damp, exposure. 

Instead of ceasing suddenly, as in those cases, it may disap- 
pear gradually, returning at the proper time, but becoming less 
and less, and then entirely stopping. It is liable to cease in 
acute and chronic disease, as in fevers, blood-disease, especially 
anemia, cancer, tuberlosis, albuminuria. In all cases the 



Twentieth Century Practice. 35 

greatest care should be observed, so as not to overlook preg- 
nancy. The suppression is always attended with some consti- 
tutional disturbance; great,, if sudden; not so well marked, if 
slow and gradual. 

Treatment. — If the case is seen at once during an attack of 
acute suppression, there should be an effort made to re-estab- 
lish the flow, by alcoholic vapor-bath, with hot mustard foot- 
bath ; put to bed between blankets, with hot bricks to feet, and 
dry heat to vulva or over bladder, consisting of baked bran, 
or hops, or chamomile flowers, in bags. Aconite, with com- 
pound tincture of serpentaria, administered internally, with 
infusion of pennyroyal ; no cold drinks nor ice. If several days 
have elapsed, it is useless to try the above, or any other means, 
but begin at once and prepare patient for next period. Bowels 
should be regulated, clothing warm flannel round waist and 
hips, warm foot- and hip-baths, nourishing food. If there is 
any special disease it should be attended to, especially anemia, 
with acetate of iron three times daily, with cinchona and min- 
eral acids ; and about a week before the expected period, begin 
with the compound betin pill, one or two three times a day: 
and if the case is stubborn, put mustard plasters on the nip- 
ples for a short time before bedtime, for one or two nights. 
The compound betin pills excel all drugs in their mildness, 
efficacy, and certainty; they arouse the inert, sluggish uterus 
into active life, restore its natural movements, and impart tone 
and vigor ; they are our best emmenagogues, and excel all other 
drugs in their prompt action. They supersede entirely those 
old and deleterious drugs, such as cotton-root, savin, aloes, 
ergot. As soon as the flow is established they are to be stopped, 
and resumed the following month about seven days before the 
expected period. Ladies who suffer from habitual suppression, 
or where the flow is scanty, or who dread early suppression. 
can maintain menstrual activity for a long length of years, and 
thus keep the freshness of youth in their nervous system and 
skin indefinitely. 

Vicarious menstruation may occur as a form of amenorrhea : 
fhat is, the menses may be suppressed at the vaginal orifice, but 
are thrown off by the nose, mouth, eyes, ears, or blood-stains by 
the skin, by ulcers or by necrosis, if present, or by odors about 
umbilicus, or eruptions. 

The real cause of vicarious menstruation is either inertia or 
atrophy of the uterus ; so great that the uterine wave is abol- 
ished or abrogated. The cure consists in stimulating the 



36 Twentieth Century Practice. 

uterus with hip-baths, horseback exercise, or moderate walking 
exercises, the betin pill, narcotics, iron, pulsatilla, cinchona, 
and most nourishing food. 

THE AMIDO-BENZENE SERIES (C 6 ; H*; N. Hi).— 
There are many reasons why coal tar derivatives should not be 
prescribed by American physicians. 

Every man, either born or dumped on American soil, be- 
comes neurotic, suffers from cardiac failure or weakness. This 
is greatly aggravated by the use of tobacco, and breathing a 
highly oxygenized atmosphere, and a state of nervous tension 
which pervades the nation. 

All coal tar derivatives are cardiac paralyzers. Their ad- 
ministration increases the mortality of every disease in which 
they are used. 

The nervous system is made up of nerve cells, possessing a 
cylinder axis, with prolongation and protoplasmic processes, so 
that each nerve-cell is a minute reflex apparatus, with terminal 
fibril. The transmission of impulses of the gray matter is 
effected by contact, one cell with that of another. Now when 
antipyrin, exalgine, antikamnia, phenacetin, or any other of the 
numerous coal tar products are administered, these nerve cells 
are paralyzed. Pain may be instantaneously relieved, but the 
relief is too often that of death. To this class of drugs we owe 
the increased mortality in all diseases in which they are ad- 
ministered. 

The comp. tincture of coal tar pessesses trustworthy and uni- 
form therapeutical and pharmaceutical properties. It is pre- 
pared as follows : Make a saturated tincture of the powdered 
soap tree bark (quillaia) by maceration, adding coal tar, one to 
six parts of the tincture. The resultant product is a dark brown 
black tincture, a small quantity of it added to water forms a 
clear yellow emulsion. The color may vary according to the 
quality of the tar. 

This tincture can be still improved by the addition of the 
peroxide of hydrogen. With or without this, it is very stim- 
ulating and germicidal. Prescribed as a wash by adding it to 
water, in variable strengths, its action is unexcelled in eczema, 
psoriasis, prurigo. 

AMMON^EMIA. — The prolonged retention of urine in the 
bladder over a definite time results in its decomposition, in a 
change of its constituent elements, the most prominent of which 



Twentieth Century Practice. 37 

are a fungus and carbonate of ammonia, which are taken up 
into the circulation, producing a special form of blood-poison- 
ing. The retention of the urea and its conversion into car- 
bonate of ammonia give rise to cystitis, a catarrhal and dysen- 
teric state of the bowels, in which a greenish, alkaline yellow 
fluid is passed from the bowels, with abundant spores of the 
fungus. 

The causes which give rise to this state of the fungous 
growth and decomposition are stricture, enlarged prostate, par- 
alysis of atony of the bladder, pyelitis, sacculated kidney, cys- 
titus, etc. 

Old or young men, with enlarged prostates, are the victims 
of this malady. 

It is an affection which cannot be mistaken, even by the most 
superficial observer : the retention of urine, or, if a dribbling, its 
ammoniacal odor, alkaline reaction, containing immense 
amounts of phosphates ; the breath and skin are also highly 
ammoniacal. If no relief is afforded, there are rigors, vomit- 
ing, fever, with strong typhoid aspect; tongue dry, brown, 
shining; complexion sallow, dingy brown ; headache ; insomnia ; 
and, as the blood becomes more crowded with the spores and 
carbonate of ammonia, insomnia is more persistent ; restlessness 
gives rise to somnolence, lethargy, with low, muttering 
delirium, with the ammoniacal odor more intense. 

The most important point in the treatment is the removal of 
the cause ; but as atony of the bladder and enlarged prostate are 
the common causes, time is needed. The patient must have 
immediate relief, or death will ensue. Relief is best afforded 
by the introduction of a catheter and draining off every drop of 
the ammoniacal urine, subsequently injecting the bladder with 
a tepid germicidal solution of either boroglyceride or peroxide 
of hydrogen; if the latter, a few drops to the pint. This pro- 
ceeding must be resorted to even when the patient seems to be 
sinking, because the moment the bladder is washed out a rapid 
improvement takes place. 

The bladder must thus be emptied and washed out daily, and 
the patient placed upon the proper doses of either peroxide of 
hydrogen, or ozone water, or comp. oxygen, to neutralize the 
excess of ammonia present in the blood. Virginia stone crop 
operates well in alternation with the uric acid solvent; the pichi 
in that last compound operates in all cases most favorably ; they 
should be used persistently. The enlarged prostate must be 
got rid of. and till that is effected the urine must be drawn 



38 Twentieth Century Practice. 

regularly off. I have found the following -formula to be un- 
excelled to get rid of an enlarged prostate : thus, say about 7 
p. m. insert one cocaine suppository; allow it to remain; before 
retiring wash out the rectum with about half-a-pint tepid solu- 
tion of boroglyceride, which is to be passed off ; as soon as that 
is effected, inject one tablespoonful of the following: Ozonized 
distillation of hamamelis, four drams; papoid, thirty-two 
grains. Mix. 

This is to be permitted to remain over night. This mixture 
of ozonized hamamelis and papoid acts energetically upon the 
effused lymph which, in the process of chronic inflammation,, 
has been effused into the interstitial structure of the prosjtate. 

To be effective it must be applied as above. The cocain 
suppository produces anesthesia of the prostate — a state most 
favorable for the dissolution or absorption of lymph. Follow 
it in about two or three hours with the papoid mixture. 

ANALIN OIL. — A germicide, which is very beneficial in 
many aural affections, especially in arresting inflammation and 
suppuration by dehydrating the parts to which it is applied. 
Its power of abstracting water from the tissues is quite con- 
siderable, and being a stable remedy, its effects are permanent. 
Equal parts of mullein and analin oil mixed is a very suitable 
preparation; dropped into the ear and left there in the usual 
way, once or twice daily, they have a marked effect in curing 
very many forms of deafness. It effects this by its remarkable 
power of penetration, its action as a solvent upon effused lymph 
upon the membrana tympanum, in softening all substances 
effused within the aural cavity, breaking them down by its 
power of dissolving fats and acids. 

In ankylosis of joints, analin oil, added to either alcohol or 
concentrated ozone, or olive oil, has not only immense, deep, 
penetrating power, but has a solvent action. Analin oil is an 
excellent solvent for cocain, that with its power of penetration, 
its dehydrating property, renders it valuable. 

ANAL FISSURE. — Cracks, lacerations, abrasions, fissures 
in and around the verge of the sphincter muscles of the rectum 
are usually caused by either constipation or worms, giving rise 
to spasmodic action of the muscles, or from laceration by hard- 
ened feces or foreign bodies. 

It is usually associated with most excruciating pain in de- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 39 

fecation, pus, blood and innumerable bacteria being present. 
Under old methods extremely difficult to heal, but with modern 
remedies quite amenable to treatment. The bowels should be 
regulated with the kola-nut paste, about half a teaspoonful be- 
fore retiring. 

An excellent method to commence with is to wash the ex- 
ternal parts night and morning with soap and water, and at the 
same time wash out the contents of the rectum with a warm 
solution of boroglyceride. As soon as passed. insert a cocain 
suppository, in one hour subsequently a krameria suppository. 
Repeat this morning and night. During the day paint on or 
apply every three hours a small piece of the jelly of violets right 
into the fissure. This will kill every germ in it and cicatriza- 
tion will be rapid. 

The cocain suppository relaxes, anesthetizes the nerves of the 
sphincter. The krameria suppository contracts the fissure 
amazingly, the violet jelly eradicates every germ and promotes 
rapid healing. 

I have tried cleansing the ulcer, using the same injection and 
suppositories, and dusting the fissure with formal-gelatin 
powder. The results were not nearly so satisfactory. 

I have also tried a suppository made of periodate aurum ; still 
even that was tardy in healing. 

ANESTHETICS. — Anesthetics are a class of agents that 
are used by inhalation to blunt the sensibilities of the patient to 
pain, and thus prevent shocks, and obviate, or ward off to a 
very great extent, surgical fever, in all great operations. There 
are a great number of agents of this class; but three, viz., 
nitrous oxide gas, ether, and chloroform, are what may be 
termed safe and reliable. 

Nitrous oxide gas is used solely for very short operations, 
as the opening of abscesses, making incisions, and extracting 
teeth — where anything can be done in a few seconds; for a 
prolonged use of the anesthetic is dangerous, and it should 
never be given more than once on one day, and not for several 
days afterwards. It is useless in operations of any magnitude. 

Ether is a good anesthetic, from six or seven years of age 
up to sixty, because of its great safety, and the fact that it in- 
creases the heart's action. 

Chloroform is best for children or elderly persons whose 
hearts are in good condition; but it must be watched, as it 
decreases the action of the heart. 



40 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The inhalation of ether by aged persons excites immense 
activity and congestion of the bronchial glands, so that it is 
very apt to prove fatal. It has the same effect in children, 
although they, as a rule, take any anesthetic well. 

The process of anesthesia may be divided into three stages : 
the first being that of cerebral excitement, or loss of conscious- 
ness; the second, accompanied by loss of sensibility; and the 
third, by loss of motion. Beyond this it is unnecessary to go ; 
it is the final stage — total paralysis o/f the nerve-centres. 
Generally speaking, the second stage is sufficient for most 
operations. 

ANESTHESIA. — General anesthesia produced by inhaling 
either ether or chloroform, or nitrous oxide gas, or what is 
better, the ABC mixture — one part alcohol, two parts 
sulphuric ether, and three parts chloroform — can be prolonged 
indefinitely provided a hypodermic injection of one quarter of 
a grain sulphate of morphia be given either over the deltoid or 
at the nape of neck, at least for an hour, affording sufficient 
time for a major operation. 

The above method is perfectly safe. 

It is now proposed, for the purpose of local anesthesia, to 
inject a minute quantity of a one-half of one per cent solution 
of cocain hyperchlorate into the spinal canal, to paralyze the 
spinal accessory roots and ganglia, a proceeding which is by no 
means safe. Better by far to dissolve cocain in the con- 
centrated ozone and apply, which produces anesthesia away 
down to deep-seated parts, even to the bone. The jelly of 
violets ranks next as a safe local anesthetic. 

Anesthesia in parturition need not be general; sufficient if 
applied over the abdomen and lumbar portion of the spinal 
cord. If so applied, and ten or twelve obstetric cones be used, 
labor will be perfectly painless and no rigidty of the os uteri can 
exist. 

Local anesthesia may be either induced by the ether or 
rigoline spray, or by applying for a few hours over the part to 
be operated on the ozonized jelly of violets. 

As a local anesthetic, it is found to be as efficacious as cocain, 
with the decided advantage over that remedy that it never 
affects the respiration or mental faculties; besides it has no 
toxical properties, and is a. powerful bactericide. It fills a place 
in the materia medica practically unoccupied by all other 
anesthetics. Jelly of violets is of immense utility in the cure of 



Twentieth Century Practice. 41 

some cancers. It often blights and arrests their growth, renders 
them painless, and in many cases causes their complete ob- 
literation. 

Invaluable in the treatment of all ulcers, all breaches of con- 
tinuity, whether malignant, venereal or others. Excellent to 
arrest inflammatory action. 

In toothache, extraction of teeth without pain, it operates 
like a charm. 

It is non-poisonous, non-irritating, affords complete im- 
munity to pain ; when applied, its action is profound and pro- 
longed ; absolute freedom from pain for several hours is the 
rule when applied. 

It is true many medicaments are now in use for the produc- 
tion of local anesthesia, besides the evanescent ether and rigo- 
line. Very many of these -have been introduced by the Ger- 
mans from our own coal, and sent here to soothe the aches and 
pains of the Yankee, and at the same time paralyze his heart. 
In a very extensive clinical experience I have prescribed them 
all to their fullest extent, but none of them has served my 
purpose so well as the jelly of violets, a natural product without 
a rival as a means of allaying excruciating pain. Digesting all 
the advantages and disadvantages of the coal tar derivatives, 
heart-paralysis, and recent synthetical compounds, jelly of 
violets excels all ; besides it is a germicide, non-toxic, prompt in 
action, penetrating deeply, arrests inflammatory action wher- 
ever it exists. It neither affects the heart nor disorders the 
nervous system. 

It is a typical local anesthetic, and so highly antiseptic that it 
prevents fermentation and even putrefaction. Permanent solu- 
tions can be formed with it, and can be combined with other 
remedies which render it of great efficacy in many diseases, 
such as ulcers, chancres, and especially in cancer. 

Painted on in its full strength, it will efface pain from twelve 
to twenty-four hours. Many successful cases of cancer of the 
stomach might be cited, in which the jelly in a papoid solution 
has effected brilliant results. 

ANEMIA. — Is either a deficiency of red corpuscles or a 
shrinkage of them in size, or both, clue either to defective 
assimilation, disease, hemorrhages, meagre or adulterated food, 
or want of sunlight, solitary confinement, deleterious trades, 
factory labor, breathing the vitiated air of tenements, improper 
nutrition, a true scarcity of elements necessary to maintain and 
restore the daily wants, to keep brain and muscle healthy. 



42 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The natural consequences of such, and of neglecting the fun- 
damental laws of health, are a paleness or pallor of the skin and 
mucous membrane, soft muscles, lassitude, debility, feeble cir- 
culation, muscse volitantes, aural vertigo, cardiac irritability, 
general coldness, albumin in urine. 

Our remedies are rest in the recumbent posture, pure air, 
nourishing food, as raw eggs, juice of beef, sunlight, bathing, 
massage. 

Select and push cinchona and mineral acids, comp. hypophos- 
phites of lime, soda and iron, spermin, matricaria, coca; passi- 
flora for an irritable heart ; protonuclein. 

Pernicious Anemia is a fatal form which progressively 
advances to a fatal termination, yet it is difficult to assign a 
cause for the profound alteration which the blood undergoes, 
nor can its origin be detected. 

Continued train of dyspeptic symptoms, diarrhea, protracted 
hemorrhages, incessant worry, excessive debility from exces- 
sive child-bearing — such like are reckoned as causes. It can- 
not originate without a cause, although the real cause is still 
unknown. 

The blood presents changes, the red corpuscles being dimin- 
ished, but there is no constant lesion of the blood-forming 
glands adequate to explain the steady and destructive impover- 
ishment of the vital fluid. The structure of the spleen and 
lymphatic glands are not altered; neither is the pink marrow 
of bones, but fatty degeneration of the heart and inner coat of 
the large arteries can readily be detected. In an extensive 
clinical practice we have used abundance of fresh air, avoidance 
of all insanitary conditions, good nutritious food, rest and 
massage. The old routine remedies are not available to do 
good ; ozonized phytolacca berry juice in small doses, alternated 
with comp. tincture matricaria, seem to be the most effective 
agents to save life and rid the system of such elements of de- 
generacy. These two remedies influence the vital, centres in 
the medulla oblongata. 

ANEURISM. — A pulsating tumor, synchronously with the 
action of the heart, communicating with an artery, formed by 
dilation or expansion of the coats of an artery through which 
the blood circulates. It may consist either of a dilatation of 
the entire three coats of a vessel, or of two or of one. 

Its causes are numerous, as inherent weakness of organiza- 
tion; diseases of the vessels, such as calcareous degeneration, 
syphilis. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 43 

The exciting causes are straining, lifting, coughing, hoisting, 
jumping, running. A false aneurism is generally the result of 
mechanical violence, followed by extravasation of blood in the 
surrounding tissues. 

Ligation of the artery on the cardiac side away from the 
tumor. The coagulation of the contents of the aneurism either 
by injecting a solution of carbolic acid or the insertion of 
needles attached to a battery, are extremely dangerous ; better 
to enjoin perfect rest, administer digitalis to slow the heart's 
action ; increase fibrin in the blood with an animalized diet, and 
administer either cinchona and mineral acids, or guaiacol mis- 
tura. 

ANGINA PECTORIS.— Spasm of the heart muscle. De- 
velopment or growth can be induced in any organ, in every 
tissue and gland in the human body, but this has a limit, a point, 
which if carried beyond an adequate nerve supply degenerative 
changes will set in. For example, a blacksmith may by arduous 
toil develop the muscles of the arm and side until there is not 
nerve supply sufficient, - when fatty degeneration sets in. A 
lady with atrophy of the breasts may by bathing, massage and 
inunction of the saw palmetto ointment twice daily cause their 
normal size to be restored, but if she persists in the restorative 
process of enlargment beyond the original, degenerative 
changes set in. The penis, the testes, if shrunk to nothingness, 
can be restored by the use of the kephalin granules and proto- 
nuclein. Even the brain, the great sympathetic, may suffer a 
partial atrophy and recovery take place upon the use of the 
thyroid extract and avena sativa. The great sympathetic, 
whose branches cover the anterior portion of the heart, subject 
to every conceivable — either depressing or vitalizing — agencies 
in emotions, desires, affections, passions, under our present 
status of civilization. Overstimulation of the great sym- 
pathetic invariably gives rise to heart trouble, exhaustion, 
failure, followed by neuralgia, severe pain in the heart oc- 
curring in paroxysms, with numbness in the left arm ; on seizure 
of pain the action of the heart-muscle is arrested by the induced 
spasm ; fainting, collapse, pulse imperceptible at the wrist, sus- 
pended respiration. The duration of these symptoms may be 
a few minutes to some days. 

The predisposing causes are conditions which favor depres- 
sion of the grand sympathetic, especially its cardiac branches. 
It is a condition seldom if ever met with among the poor, its 



44 Twentieth Century Practice. 

victims being the rich, the eminent, the great. It attacks more 
wise men than fools. Great poverty of nerve force is present 
in every case ; standard of vitality is lowered. 

The exciting causes are the toxins of rheumatism and other 
disease germs, the lithiate of soda of gout, such heart-depres- 
sants as tobacco, tea, coffee. 

A division is thus made, true and false ; in the former organic 
disease of the heart is invariably found, whereas in the latter 
simply an enfeeblement, a neurotic vasomotorial condition — in 
the true the causes act directly, in the false mostly reflex. 

The pain incidental to angina is one of intense mental 
anguish. 

The occurrence of the seizures are most likely to take place 
when the electrical forces of the atmosphere are lowered. 

If patient is seen during an attack place him in a comfortable 
position ; abundance of fresh air ; loose clothing ; dry heat over 
breast. Endeavor to break spasm and relieve pain, which is 
intense. Select from drugs most easily procured either the 
nitrate of amyl by inhalation, an dthe nitroglycerin supposi- 
tory ; try lobelia, passiflora, aconite, chloroform or concentrated 
ozone over heart. 

When paroxysm is completely broken keep mind and body 
quiescent ; forbid all fret, worry, passion, all excesses, no sexual 
excitement under any consideration, and the use of tea, coffee, 
tobacco. 

If no fatty degeneration of the heart muscles has taken place 
a curative treatment should be inaugurated. This requires 
rare tact and skill, but, generally speaking, we might state that 
guaiacol plasters should be kept on and off over the region of 
the heart for some months, just as the patient can with comfort 
bear it. Then scrutinize the case for causes; if the toxins of 
rheumatism and lithiate soda of gout, administer the ozonized 
uric acid solvent; if it be the toxins of malaria, give concen- 
trated tincture of kurchicin; if the toxin of syphilis, the 
periodate aurum; if the toxin of epidemic influenza, con- 
centrated tincture of kurchicine. 

In all cases of angina pectoris the nitrite of sodium should be 
given independent of cause. It dilates the entire arterial sys- 
tem and relieves the heart. 

In addition, keep stimulating the heart with a special cardiac 
vitalizer, selecting from the following list two of the best : 
Protonuclein, creatinin, thryroid extract, passiflora incarnata, 
digitalis, strophanthus, lily of the valley, cactus, spartein, 
adonin, quinine, nitrites, coca, kephalin, amyl. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 45 

Passiflora and creatinin, protonuclein and kephalin do ad- 
mirable work in neuralgia of the heart; thyroid extract and 
quinine, coca and the nitrites are extremely efficacious. 

A one per cent solution of nitroglycerin in one-drop doses, 
as indicated, has proved itself to be our best drug to overcome 
the paroxysms of angina pectoris where amyl nitrite has failed, 
and by exhibiting it in gradually increasing doses between the 
attacks the severity of the paroxysm is reduced. It has proved 
highly valuable in migraine, neuralgia of the fifth pair of 
cranial nerves, reflex vomiting, epilepsy, seasickness, gastralgia, 
hiccough, laryngismus stridulus, tetanus, hydrophobia, hepatic 
colic, spasmodic, uremic and cardiac asthma, simple and per- 
nicious anemia, acute and chronic Bright's disease, puerperal 
and uremic convulsions. 

In the late epidemic of scarlet fever in which interstitial 
nephritis was so common, suppression of urine and uremia so 
fatal, it rescued every patient from the jaws of death to whom 
it was adminstered. 

These two winters past nearly all of our devitalized popula- 
tion have suffered from the microbe of epidemic influenza ; 
without a thought as to its results our physicians have rushed to 
antipyrin and other coal tar derivatives, which have left a large 
portion of our people suffering from weak heart. To over- 
come this condition nitroglycerin is the remedy. 

The special reasons for the good effects of nitroglycerin in 
weak heart are the following : ( 1 ) It lowers the vascular ten- 
sion by dilating the arterioles; (2) it increases the rate of the 
heart's movements; (3) it lessens that irritability of the 
nervous system which finds expression in spasm, especially of 
the nervous system of organic life. 

Under no plan of treatment have I seen so rapid and thor- 
ough improvement in the condition of the weak, the anemic, 
and the ill-nourished. 

I prescribe the one per cent solution, beginning with one 
drop, and adding one drop at each dose until the characteristic 
effects are produced. The susceptibility to its action varies 
greatly. The amount required ranges from one to ten drops 
for the largest number. When the patient feels the least degree 
of the action (pain in the forehead and flushing of the face) 
the dose is sufficient, and that quantity should be continued, 
the intervals being from two to six hours, according to the 
character of the symptoms and the persistence of the effects. 
Light, nutritious food, generous to a fault; bathing, massage, 
rest. 



46 Twentieth Century Practice. 

ANILINE. — A substance which is obtained from coal tar. 
It is chemically a compound ammonia, and may be prepared by 
the action of nascent hydrogen on nitrobenzene. When first 
prepared it is a colorless liquid, but afterwards turns brown. 
The aniline dyes are obtained from aniline by oxidizing it. 

Aniline dyes possess marked antiseptic properties, and have 
been used in surgery. Methyl-violet has been injected into 
sarcomata and other tumors, and appears to lessen the rapidity 
of their growth. When used as antiseptic lotions, the aniline 
preparations must be pure. Ethyl-violet may contain arsenic, 
and grave accidents have followed its use. Owing to their 
staining properties they are unlikely to come into much use as 
antiseptics. Aniline dyes are used in staining microscopic 
specimens. 

ANISE. — Aniseed, the fruit of Pimpinella anisum. An oil 
is obtained by distillation, the dose of which is one to four 
drops on sugar. Aniseed water is made by distilling one pound 
of the fruit with a gallon of water. Its dose is one to two 
teaspoonfuls for a child one year old. Essence of aniseed is a 
mixture of the oil and rectified spirit (dose, 10 to 20 drops: 
for a child one year old, 3 drops). Aniseed is a carminative 
and antispasmodic — that is, it prevents griping and pain in the 
stomach. 

Star-anise (or Chinese aniseed) is obtained from a different 
plant, has a star-like form, and possesses similar properties to 
ordinary aniseed. 

ANKYLOSIS-ANCHILOSIS.— Term applied to a joint 
when it is fixed in position owing to adhesions or bony union 
between the bones forming the joint. It is a result of inflam- 
mation of the joint, and its commonest cause is rheumatism. 

Treatment. — Surgical operation in some cases. In others, 
the patient should be given an anesthetic, and the joint then 
moved forcibly so as to break down the adhesions. These are 
the cases of cripples which are so often cured by the rough 
treatment of quacks, by faith-healing, hypnotism, fright, etc. 

ANTAGONISM (Between Man and Microbes).— They 
are everywhere, in the air which we breathe, in the water 
which we drink, in the food which we swallow for nourish- 
ment; dust contains innumerable quantities of them; 
our garments are covered with them; our hair affords an 



Twentieth Century Practice. 47 

asylum for legions of these tiny creatures. It is idle to say 
that among the countless variety of microbes there are some 
good ones which are not harmful and do not engender mala- 
dies, for the most recent researches have demonstrated that 
there are some inoffensive microbes which can become very 
dangerous if they can manage to traverse several times in 
succession the animal organism. That is the truth. What is 
true, moreover, is that it has been proved beyond contradiction 
that microbes cause the most terrible maladies, those which 
decimate populations, like phthisis, the plague, cholera, typhoid 
fever, typhus, yellow fever, scarlatina, to mention only the 
best known and most murderous diseases. 

When the part played by microbes began to be recognized, it 
was asked how organized forms of dimensions so small that it 
requires great enlargements of the microscope (enlargements 
of a thousand and fifteen hundred diameters) to distinguish 
their morphological characteristics can get the better of indi- 
viduals of a height which, in comparison with the attacking 
force, is enormous. This question was answered by pointing- 
out the incalculable number of the microbes and by recalling 
that the human body is but a considerable collection of micro- 
scopic elements, the cells, so that what was at first thought to 
be a war between a pigmy and a giant is, in fact, one between 
individuals of about the same size. By reason also of the 
extremely rapid multiplication of microbes, they soon find 
themselves sufficiently numerous to win the battle. This point 
of view has not lost its value, but to-day we know something 
more. It is not only and especially in the place where they are 
present that microbes exercise a melancholy influence over the 
organisms they invade. 

The principal cause of their harmfulness is in the products 
of their life in the midst of the tissues. These products ex- 
creted by the microbes are, in truth, energetic poisons which, 
physically or chemically, provoke reactions in their surround- 
ings, and which can cause profound alterations in the organ. 
It is not essentially necessary for the microbes to invade the 
entire organism and multiply there with rapidity in order that 
the poisonous manifestations due to their excretions shall be 
felt. Thus it is that the microbe of diphtheria, often located on 
the tonsils and throat, produces in the organism grave dis- 
orders in the veins, the joints, and other parts far away from 
the place where the microbe is encamped. There is, in a word, 
poisoning at a distance, which proves sufficiently the prepon- 



48 Twentieth Century Practice. 

derating part played by the poisons excreted by the microbes. 
This fact, of course, does not weaken the effect of their 
number, since it is very evident that the more abundant the 
producers of poisons are the greater the quantity of poison 
which will be produced. 

All this being so, let us see how it comes about that we are 
able to resist the attacks of so many enemies, apart that is from 
all medical treatment. It is my duty, alongside of the very dis- 
couraging picture I have just sketched, without exaggerating 
anything, to place, with the same care to keep within the abso- 
lute limits of truth, a more comforting picture, pointing out the 
means with which we are naturally provided to repel invasion. 

Suppose a legion of microbes which, coming from the out- 
side, attacks us. Some fasten on the skin, others penetrate by 
the mouth or the nose. Before reaching us they have already 
encountered conditions which put them, in a certain measure, 
in a state of inferiority. The oxygen of the air and light are 
agents which injure the vitality of the microbes. From this 
fact results the elementary principle of hygiene to keep the 
apartments in which we live well aired, and to admit into them 
floods of light. 

Having reached the skin, microbes find an efficacious barrier 
in the cells of the epidermis, of which those directly on the 
outside are horny, and thus in the best condition for not being- 
traversed easily, and are, moreover, in a continual state of 
desquamation or scaling off. This may be called the physical 
defence of the epidermis. That is not all. The skin contains 
glands producing sweat and oily matter. These matters are 
eminently unfavorable for keeping up life in microbes. If 
some of them, however, availing themselves of the openings of 
these glands, get within and think that they have overcome 
the obstacles which prevent them from reaching the internal 
tissues which are the object of their travels, they are mistaken, 
for as soon as the glands work a little actively, in consequence 
of labor provoking perspiration or the active secretion of the 
oily matter, the microbes, borne on this current of secretion, 
find themselves promptly turned out of doors. Hence the effi- 
caciousness, from a hygienic point of view, of care of the skin, 
of active perspiration, and the like. 

Returning now to the microbes which have entered the open 
cavities, the mouth and nostrils (I do not speak of the ears, 
which can defend themselves by their epidermis and the secre- 
tion of wax), there also the surfaces are clothed with a mem- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 49 

brane formed of little cells not unlike the cells of the epidermis 
of the skin, and this membrane is constantly moistened with 
liquids (nasal mucus, saliva) which are not at all favorable 
to the development of the assailant. If he, continuing his 
march, manages to get into the oesophagus and to reach the 
stomach, he finds there conditions which are not good for his 
health in the shape of gastric secretions, such as chlorhydric, 
lactic, and other acids. This is so true that many microbes are 
absolutely incapable of getting through the stomach and pene- 
trating the intestines, for they have been so battered and 
knocked about and their vitality has been so much lowered by 
their troubles on the road, that they end by being destroyed 
and even digested in the stomach. 

It has been proved, however, that mucous surfaces are not 
always an obstacle to the penetration of the microbes, even 
when these surfaces are intact. Supposing the microbes man- 
age to penetrate the tissues, there they meet with new obstacles ; 
there they find, in the first place, what are called phagocytes, 
that is, cells which are eaters, or elements of the lymph, which 
show surprising activity, swallowing the microbes and digest- 
ing them. It should be remarked that these phagocytes are 
most abundant at threatened points. If, in spite of phagocytes, 
the microbes get into the blood, they have not won the battle. 
The serum of the blood has microbe-killing properties ; the 
oxygen that is carried into the blood disagrees with many of 
the microbes, as carbonic acid does with others, and thus it is 
that the blood is rarely invaded by microbes in the course of the 
maladies they engender. Driven then from vessels which do 
not offer them a satisfactory field of culture, they can only take 
up their residence in the heart of the organs, and even there 
they meet with elements of resistance which are often effica- 
cious, such as defensive proteins and other antitoxic substances 
produced by these organs. 

To sum up, the human body is perfectly organized to resist 
the different phases of the microbes. This explains how it is 
that, in spite of their multitude and their bad temper, microbes 
have not yet annihilated the human race. 

It must be kept in mind, nevertheless, that the success of the 
resistance depends upon the quality of the tissue into which 
the vigilant and ill-tempered microbe strives to penetrate. I 
have told how things go on when the organism is healthy. If, 
however, before the microbe reaches the haven where he would 
be, the general functions of the system are troubled, either 



50 Twentieth Century Practice. 

hereditarily or by reason of an acquired abnormal state, such 
as gout, diabetes, visceral, pulmonary, or hepatic inflamma- 
tion (to speak of a few states only), the conditions of resist- 
ance are changed, for these, by vitiating the regular functions 
of the organs, affect the vitality of the tissues which are par- 
ticularly the phagocytic elements. The microbes are destroyed 
in much smaller quantities, and they no longer find antitoxic 
products which ought normally to oppose their development 
and neutralize the effects of their own poisons. In a word, they 
find a field of culture in which they cannot fail to flourish and 
multiply. 

The consequences are immediate and fatal. The infection of 
the tissues begins; the poisons produced by the microbes are 
spread through the organisms. Such is the mechanism of the 
origin of diseases called infectious. 

From all this it is plain that everything which enfeebles our 
vitality is a dangerous condition, and exposes us to invasion. 
For that it is not necessary that there be deep injuries, affecting 
this or that organ. The most varied influence can come in play 
to create in us a state of inferiority, which will oblige us to 
surrender to our foe. Privations, great fatigue, the ingestion 
into the system of toxic substances, intoxication by lead or 
alcohol, atmospheric conditions, excessive heat, intense cold, 
are so many elements which must be reckoned with. 

There is no warrant, then, for neglecting microbes and con- 
sidering them as an enemy of slight importance. It would be 
folly to think that we may fold our arms and trust to our natu- 
ral powers of resistance. On the contrary, we should always 
keep in mind that we have in microbes terrible adversaries, 
always on the alert to surprise us, and against which we are 
bound to maintain as intact as possible the natural defences 
with which our organism can oppose them. 



ANTHELMINTICS. — Vermifuges, a class of medicines 
which either destroy or cause the expulsion of intestinal worms, 
such as santonine, for the round worm; valdevine, kousso 
kamala, male-fern, oil of pumpkin seed, papoid, pomegranate 
root bark for the tape and broad worms. Taenia solium; and 
injections, containing either peroxide of hydrogen, or fluid 
extract of golden seal, or even a pinch of common salt into 
the lower bowel for the thread worm Ascarides ( See Intestinal 
Parasites). 



Twentieth Century Practice. 51 

ANTHEMIS (Chamomile). — Matricaria comp. tinc- 
ture., highly ozonized. This compound consists of a solution 
of the glucosides of the most highly ozone-generating plants, 
so perfectly blended together as to form a great vitalizing tonic 
and an active scavenger to germ-laden blood. 

It is indicated in all anemic states of the brain, and great 
sympathetic, as in neurasthenia, paralysis, brain softening and 
atrophy; impaired intellect, imperfect memory, vertigo, faint- 
ness, disinclination for mental and physical exertion, numb- 
ness, headache, even in structural lesions, weakness, anorexia. 

It is specially indicated when the eighth pair of nerves, the 
vagus and pneumogastric are much weakened, as in indiges- 
tion, pains in the stomach, fulness, flatulence, eructations, con- 
stipation, jaundice, with an inactive, sluggish liver, where the 
bile elements commingling with the blood, poisoning the brain : 
in gall-stones — a general unstrung condition, incidental to care, 
worry, or to the use of tobbacco, opium, whisky, chloral habits, 
antidotes, insomnia. Has a marvelous tonic action upon the 
heart and lungs. 

Directions for use : dose, 5 to 10 drops in a glass of water 
before meals. 



ANTHRAX. — Place the cow, the sheep, goat, in insanitary 
conditions, states inimical to health, there is a strong liability 
for the evolution of a microbe in their blood of the most deadly 
character, the bacillus anthrax, which first sets up inflamma- 
tion of the spleen, then destructive blood changes, and latterly 
death. Like all diseases due to the presence of a microbe it is 
both contagious and infectious. Transmitted to man by their 
breath, hair, milk and by their excrementitious discharge con- 
taminating water or vegetables which man may consume. 

This pathogenic microbe is the most easily recognized and 
cultivated of all disease germs, provided there is a pustule ; it 
consists merely of rods, long and broad, and threads with spore 
formation, of a very active character. These rods are found 
straight or curved, rigid or motionless : vary in size in different 
animals. 

The bacillus anthrax is the most tenacious of life of all dis- 
ease germs : it is the most active breeder, throwing off millions 
of spores every hour, literally loading the blood, overcrowding 
the capillaries over the entire body, engorging the lungs, brain, 
liver, spleen, causing infraction of the kidneys : in the process 



52 Twentieth Century Practice. 

of bacterial growth it excretes one of the most deadly of all 
alkaloidal toxins. 

It is a microbe we ever have in our midst. 

Although this is the most easily recognized and cultivated, 
the diagnosis of its presence in the human subject is often dif- 
ficult. 

The history of the case may be of advantage: A wool- 
sorter, a tanner, a butcher are most suggestive. The milk of an 
affected cow may be taken and death ensue in a few hours, 
without a spot being perceptible on the skin ; if there be a pus- 
tule or pustules, recognition is easy, which can be readily con- 
firmed by a microscopical examination of the saliva, blood, 
urine, feces. Cultures of the germ, injected into any mam- 
malia, reproduce the disease in all its malignancy. 

The toxin of this germ causes rapid death by embolism and 
decomposition of all the tissues, often before any symptoms of 
morbid action are visible. 

The complete annihilation of this pathogenic microbe is most 
difficult, even prior to and after it has set up destructive meta- 
morphosis. 

Once recognized, push the best bactericides internally and lo- 
cally. For internal use try first chlorine and quinine combined, 
peroxide of hydrogen, ozonized sulphur water, Chian turpen- 
tine mistura. 

Locally, free crucial incisions into the pustules, encourage 
free bleeding by douches of hot water, follow this with either 
a wash of ozonized jequirity or formalin, one tablespoonful to 
the quart of water. Jelly of violets works admirably. 

The following case is worthy of recital : W. F. Terrhune, a 
butcher, aged twenty-seven years, was engaged by the health 
inspector in his locality to cut up an ox that had been killed, 
owing to the fact that there had been several suspicious cases 
in the vicinity. The inspector made him aware of the danger. 
He was instructed to be careful. Both before and subsequent 
to the examination he had his hands immersed in a strong so- 
lution of chlorinated soda, and all seemed to pass off well, when 
suddenly, on the ninth day, a small spot of discoloration made 
its appearance on the right forearm and one on the left elbow. 
But no attention was paid to these. Three days later he had 
violent rigors, with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and a high 
grade of fever, temperature 105 F. Simultaneously with 
the rigors the right arm from the hand to the shoulder 
became enormously swollen, which was followed by the same 



Twentieth Century Practice. 53 

in the left, but not so great. The pustule on the right forearm 
became much indurated in the base, and its edges were sur- 
rounded with blebs containing a transparent liquid, great pain, 
distension in the arm ; lymphatics in the axilla much engorged, 
with a doughy swelling down the side. 

Constitutional symptoms becoming worse, tongue coating 
heavily, sore enlarging, a crucial incision was made into both 
pustules, free bleeding encouraged by the use of hot water, and 
subsequently they were both dressed with compresses saturated 
with the peroxide of hydrogen ; internally, chlorine and quinine 
were administered every hour. 

On these remedies the case progressed well, rapidly to re- 
covery. 

ANTIFEBRIN. — Acetanilid. a coal tar derivative, a heart 
paralyzer, a crystalline substance, sparingly soluble in water, 
but readily dissolved in alcohol, ether, or chloroform. Dose, 
three to ten grams in wine or brandy. It is a dangerous rem- 
edy, powerful as a cardiac sedative — a paralyzing agent which 
robs the blood of vital elements, indispensable to calorification 
and incompatible with life. Alarming cyanosis is apt to follow 
its exhibition. 

ANTI-FAT. — It is quite unnecessary to take up space in 
describing the causes which are productive of an excess of fat 
in the human body, such as drinking, amylaceous and sac- 
charine food, inertia of the glandular system, etc. It is suf- 
ficient for me to state that in an extensive practice of over forty 
years I have only found in the entire materia medica three 
remedies, without the use of massage and baths, that can be 
depended on for the removal of adipose tissue, without in any 
way impairing the vital integrity of the individual, and these 
are: 

1. The ozonized juice of Phytolacca berries, gathered on the 
first frost, in the salubrious valleys of North Carolina, com- 
pressed and saturated with negative ozone, is undoubtedly one 
of the best of all remedies for the removal of obesity. This 
remedy has a wonderful effect in rousing up the functions of 
the liver, in stimulating the lymphatic system, and thus pre- 
venting fatty deposits ; at the same time, by some innate action, 
it actually strips the body of this non ? vital element. 

Sometimes a dose of two drops added to a glass of water 
thrice dailv will be sufficient : in other cases in which there is 



54 • Twentieth Century Practice. 

inertia of the glandular system, the dose, to have an effect, may 
be from ten to twenty drops as frequent. 

It is a remedy which should in all cases be prescribed and 
administered by an experienced physician. 

2. Fucus vesiculosus, the ozonized extract of bladder wrack, 
made from the fresh plant, containing a very large percentage 
of iodine and potassa — an invaluable remedy, definite in action, 
never failing in ridding the body of fatty elements. It is an 
excellent alterative; acts chiefly upon the glandular system. 
No extract, no other preparation, but what I have mentioned 
of this plant is of any value. 

3. The ozonized extract of the thyroid gland of the lamb 
is a remedy of great power ; its primary action is to increase all 
the vital elements of the body ; its secondary action to annihilate 
and eliminate all the non-vital. In this way adipose tissue, a 
non-vital element, is removed. The highest possible degree of 
life is attained ; all non-vital elements cease to exist. 

These results are only to be obtained from the ozonized ex- 
tract, never from dried, shredded or tablets. Use the genuine 
article. 

ANTIKAMNIA. — Careful analysis of this compound 
shows it to consist of about 90 per cent of acetanilid and 10 per 
cent of bicarbonate of soda, thoroughly triturated together. 

The addition of the soda to the acetanilid makes it very 
soluble, easy of absorption and prompt in action. 

Like all coal tar derivatives, it induces muscle failure of the 
heart. It is a dangerous toxic agent, causing death by paraly- 
sis of the heart, hence the cyanosis. 

ANTIPYRIN. — A white, crystalline powder, prepared syn- 
thetically from certain constituents of coal tar. Soluble in 
water in less than an equal weight, and freely soluble in alcohol 
and chloroform. It is said to lower the temperature of fever 
patients as much as from 3^° to 5^°R, and produce 
a refreshing sleep for five or six hours by administer- 
ing fifteen grains at 9 p. m. and seven and one-half grains each 
at 10 and 11 p.m., dissolved in water or wine when taken. As 
much as seventy-five grains have been given in three divided 
doses, proportioned as above. The following mixture has been 
of utility in typhoid fever*: Antipyrin, 20; Jamaica rum, 30; 
water, 150, and syrup, 150 parts. Dose, a teaspoonful three 
times a day. The dose for children is from one to one and one- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 



00 



half grains for each year of a child's age. Incompatible with 
spirit of nitrous ether. 

Antifebrin and antipyrin are powerful poisons, cardiac de- 
pressants, and lower temperature by inducing muscle failure 
of the heart, which is generally permanent. 

ANTRUM. — The antrum is much more frequently affected 
by disease than is generally supposed. 

Abscess of the Antrum. — Is very common, as the result 
or blows on the cheek, and from decayed stumps of teeth in the 
jaw. It has been caused in new-born infants from injuries 
during parturition. The symptoms are aching, uneasiness of 
the cheek, preceded by acute throbbing, pain, rigors, fever, fol- 
lowed by slow and progressive enlargement. If unrelieved, 
there will be bulging of the cheek, extrusion of the eye, obstruc- 
tion of the lachrymal duct, depression of the hard palate, loos- 
ening and dropping out of the teeth, and closure of the nostril. 
In some cases it will burst into the nostril or mouth. 

Treatment. — A free aperture should be made into the an- 
trum by extracting either of the molar teeth and a trocar 
pushed up through the empty socket into the antrum. If the 
teeth are all sound, then an opening should be made through 
the membrane of the mouth above the alveoli of the molar teeth, 
and the bone be pierced by a strong trocar. After the pus has 
been evacuated, it should be syringed out with an antiseptic 
wash, as borax or carbolic acid. 

Dropsy of the Antrum. — The antrum may become enor- 
mously distended with its own natural, clear, mucous secretion, 
if the aperture into the nostril be obliterated. An opening to 
relieve the difficulty is best made through the molar teeth. Its 
evacuation should be followed by a stimulating injection of 
carbolic acid and glycerin. 

Tumors of the Antrum, — In addition to abscess and 
dropsy the antrum is often filled up with bony matter, exosto- 
sis, and fibroplastic tumor of the consistence and form of 
brain or liver; often the color of the latter, and difficult to 
recognize from cancer. Others have the color and consistence 
of kidney. We meet with fibrous tumors, very dense and en- 
cysted tumors, and other deformities that may be mistaken for 
enlarged antrum. 

With all diseases of the teeth and nose the antrum has much 
to do. The incessant tinkering about old stumps, filling with 
amalgam loaded with mercury, sets up irritation and effusion. 



56 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The ignorant extraction of teeth has also much to do with it. 
Catarrh and its disease germ, amoeba, often block up the 
nasal opening. The trouble seems to be that when its lining 
membrane becomes irritated it will secrete an endless va- 
riety of substances, which, when liquid, semi-liquid and glan- 
dular, are easily got rid of by an opening, stirring up the con- 
tents, and washing out the antrum daily with a stimulating 
wash. 



ARBOR VIT^E (Thuja Occident alls).— Oil and fluid ex- 
tract; dose from five to thirty drops of the former, thirty to 
sixty drops of the latter, destroys the micrococci of smallpox 
and warts; excellent externally for the destruction of simple 
and venereal warts, also for corns. The ozonized oil of arbor 
vitse is one of the most remarkable remedies ever presented to 
the medical profession, with an exceedingly wide range of ac- 
tion. Extracted by polarized light and negative ozone from the 
fresh leaves. An invaluable germicide. Taken internally it 
cleanses the blood by annihilating the spores of many disease 
germs. 

Indicated in all papular microbic diseases, as warts, variola, 
polypi, cauliflower and vascular excrescences, cancerous infil- 
trations, tumors. 

Dosage, from one to two up to from ten to thirty drops, 
added to water, every three hours, so as to keep the system 
saturated and prevent spores from germinating. 

Very excellent results are also obtained from incorporating 
the oil in an ozonized gelatin bougie. Papilloma in the 
urethra are much more common than is generally sup- 
posed; passed as a recurring stricture, so that by the use of 
these bougies we often rid the urethra from stubborn obstruc- 
tions. This same oil incorporated in butter of coca and make 
into a rectal and vaginal suppository. 

Indicated, as a rectal suppository, in prolapse of the rectum ; 
hemorrhoids ; fissures ; enlarged prostate, with weeping from 
the penis ; warts ; cancerous infiltration ; polypus. 

Indicated, as a vaginal pastil, in follicular inflammation of 
the mucous membrane of the vagina; uterine catarrh; warts 
and polypi ; vaginismus ; vascular excrescences ; granular cer- 
vix; erosions or ulcers of the os uteri; cancer; cauliflower 
growths ; tumors of all kinds ; hypertrophy of the uterus ; hem- 
orrhages. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 57 

ATHLETICS. — Popular opinion, which is often wrong, has 
settled in favor of athletic exercises, although we are extremely 
doubtful of their utility. Gymnastic training develops con- 
siderable changes in the human body. It enlarges the muscles 
and glands, produces dilatation of the heart, structural and 
functional derangement, degenerative changes in the muscles, 
brain atrophy, bordering on idiocy; at least mental alertness 
of a low type. An athlete takes his place in the nation to 
which he belongs, in vital deterioration, because his exercise is 
destructive to brain nutrition. It wipes out the typical fissures 
of thought. Their tenacity of life is cut short. The nerve sup- 
ply which is essential to longevity is inadequate. He is short- 
lived even if his effete matter after exercise is removed. Over- 
training, excess, in which all are guilty, increased development, 
degeneration or deterioration follow of vital organs. Finally 
he resorts to tobacco or alcohol or both to allay his perverted 
desire. 

AN ANTI-MICROBE POWDER.— This is prepared by 
the action of ozone gas on boracic acid, forming a rose red 
powder of extraordinary germicidal power. It was specially 
prepared for surgical practice for dusting on wounds, obtaining 
in all cases in which it was applied union by first intention. 

Later on it has acquired quite a reputation in hospital and 
private practice, as a local germicide. It is especially adapted 
for the requirements of the nursery, as a dusting powder, and 
as a substitute for the villainous powders palmed off on 
mothers, here it has been used with signal success. As a toilet 
powder for ladies' use, it possesses great advantages over the 
poisonous cosmetic powders of zinc and bismuth so much in 
use, preparations which are very incautiously resorted to, and 
which cannot be too strongly condemned. 

In the management of cases of incontinence of urine, and in 
all urinary complaints, as a dusting powder it has proved in- 
valuable; by its use the urine is deodorized and the skin pro- 
tected against bacteria with soreness and excoriation. 

In chafing, in which bacteria are always evolved, its action is 
instantaneous, affording prompt relief. 

In erythema, roseola, urticaria, in which the bacteria are on 
the skin in search of free oxygen, its application is instan- 
taneous, in the removal of the burning, tingling in the skin. 
In bed sores in which the oidium albicans are present, this 
powder instantly kills the entire colony, and cicatrization takes 
place. 



58 Twentieth Century Practice. 

It annihilates disease germs wherever they exist and can be 
reached. As a snuff, it will destroy the amceba of nasal 
catarrh; as a dentifrice or tooth or mouth application, all 
germs in the oral cavity will disappear if applied there; it is 
inimical to all forms of tinea, it will kill the cryptogamic 
growth of sycosis, if dusted on after the face is washed and 
dried. 

ANTITOXIN. — Is thus prepared : The streptococcus of 
diphtheria is taken from the throat of a child affected with the 
disease, and injected into the cellular tissue of a horse. This 
is followed by a febrile condition, which occupies a week ; this 
is repeated again and again, until no febrile reaction is ex- 
perienced. 

Later on, the animal is bled, and the serum of the blood is 
collected, to which carbolic acid is added, making a one-eighth 
per cent solution. 

This is injected into the cellular tissue of children who have 
the diphtheria, with the intention of arresting the growth of he 
germ, sterilizing the tissues, arresting the disease. Such a 
hypodermic injection produces degenerative changes in the 
blood, heart, kidneys. The whole affair is a delusion and a 
fraud — a money grab, for there is no warrant in nature for the 
assumption that animal cells secrete an antitoxin for a disease 
which may be used to induce an immunity in another animal. 
Cells secrete normal or perverted products, according to con- 
ditions under which they labor, and these conditions are modi- 
fied by pure drugs, habits, environments, modes of life. 

Antitoxin is simply glandered horse serum and carbolic acid, 
made up of scientific humbug. 

Parties desirous of testing the hypodermic treatment of 
diphtheria, without the abominable glandered serum of the 
horse, ass, or goat, etc., should try the germicide itself, pure and 
simple carbolic acid. As near as we can analyze it, it is as 
follows : 

Ten drops of carbolic acid to one pint of distilled water ap- 
proximates the strength of antitoxin, and is the solution in most 
general use. Of this solution a syringeful (sixteen minims) 
may be injected, and it may be repeated in one or two hours, 
or less often, as indicated. The dose is so small that, though 
a powerful drug, no danger need be apprehended from its use. 

The first effect of carbolic acid, hypodermically, is on the cir- 
culation, acting something like aconite. This is the effect we 



Twentieth Century Practice. 59 

strive for in diphtheria, and therefore, must use it early. It re- 
lieves the congestion of the throat and head before the integrity 
of the tissues is materially injured. After the tissues are in a 
semi-gangrenous condition, the chances for a cure are not so 
good with any remedy. 

APHONIA. — Partial or complete loss of voice is more fre- 
quently caused by the toxins of disease germs, circulating in the 
blood, than by any other condition — paralyzing the nerves of 
the larynx, because they are weak, or their origin in the medulla 
oblongata being devitalized. 

Much of the non-success in treatment is due to a want of 
proper landmarks — a proper division. The first point to de- 
termine is to ascertain whether it be induced by the toxin of the 
microbe of tuberculosis, or syphilis, or bronchitis, or pneu- 
monia, or cancer, or croup, or diphtheria ; or to the depressing 
action of cold or wet, or to a lack of cohesion in the nerve cells, 
induced by a non-action of the will, in harmony with volition, 
such as we see in the ranting of some clergymen (laryngitis 
clericorum). 

Possibly (the medulla oblongata) the reflex nerve centre 
may be weak, very impressible, then either teething, worms, 
masturbation in either sex often a cause. 



APTH^E. — The evolution of the oidium albicans, a disease 
germ on mucous membrane of the human mouth, which may 
be communicated by local contact or infection to any other de- 
vitalized mucous membrane. 

The mouth is the superior orifice of the alimentary canal, and 
is the great cavity from which this passage is reached. The 
mouth is bounded by the palate, and at the back by the false 
palate, it is circumscribed by the cheeks, and closed by the lips. 

We commonly divide the mouth into two parts, the mouth 
proper and the interior mouth. The mouth extends just to 
the root of the tongue ; it contains the tongue, the gums and the 
teeth, and is moistened by the saliva secreted by three pairs of 
glands. 

1. The parotid gland is situated at the angle of the jaw and 
the auditory canal, the canal of the gland that conducts the 
saliva to the mouth near the second eye-tooth. 2. The sub- 
maxillary gland excretes at every movement of the tongue. 
3. The sublingual gland is placed behind the anterior part of 



6o Twentieth Century Practice. 

the tongue, to supply it with moisture. The interior mouth 
is separated from the mouth proper by the rise of the palate. 

Mastication and primary digestion are the most important 
functions of this part of our organism. 

The evolution of this microbe is due to very many conditions. 
Malnutrition, inflammation. It may exist in the mouth alone, 
or travel backwards to the fauces, such as we have from an 
ordinary cold, or a sore mouth or throat. Usually commences 
with simple redness, slight puffiness of the membrane, which 
may subside in a few days, and leave the affected parts in their 
original condition. This may occur again and again, the in- 
dividual paying little or no attention to it; but each attack 
weakens, devitalizes, giving rise to an increased liability to a re- 
currence, and finally the evolution takes place in the follicles of 
the mucous membrane. 

If both mouth and fauces are involved,' there is considerable 
dryness and irritation, with fetor of breath, difficulty of swal- 
lowing, and pain. Mouth and fauces are studded over with 
these enlarged follicles, appearing rough and uneven, either 
in irregular patches or distinct. Vesicles rupture and the full- 
fledged microbe escapes, leaving the patches exposed in an ul- 
cerated condition. 

Spread from the lips to the fauces, the follicles of the mucous 
membrane of the fauces become involved, and the condition 
designated aphthae is apt to terminate in aphonia, with husk- 
iness, hoarseness and loss of voice. The microbe oidium albi- 
cans, an active worker, in this ulcerated state of the mucous 
membrane, throws off necrosed tissue in abundance, which is 
thick, sticky, and expectorated with difficulty. 

One remarkable feature of the evolution of the oidium albi- 
cans in all partial deaths of a mucous membrane is, whether it 
arises, from perverted nutrition or inflammation, that the evolu- 
tion of the germ in the mucous follicle invariably carries with it 
any other microbe which may be present in the blood of the in- 
dividual. For example, if the bacillus of syphilis, of tubercle, 
of rheumatism, of cancer, lurks in the blood, the oidium albicans 
will carry it, nay, transmit it, if opportunity offers; hence the 
terms simple aphthae, tubercular aphthae, syphilitic aphthae, 
rheumatic aphthae, cancerous aphthae, are appropriate. 

'improperly speaking, aphthae is never purely a local affection, 
for v its |toxin in all cases is to be found in the blood. Aggra- 
vatefi l}y. insanitary conditions, as an atmosphere reeking with 
$iseas£ germs, overcrowding, absence of sunlight, meagre and 



Twentieth Century Practice. 61 

deleterious food, as we have in large cities, it may assume a 
gangrenous form. 

All affections of the mouth and throat should be treated with 
warm, soothing, germicidal remedies. 

For local use, warm solutions of either ozonized boroglycer- 
ide or chlorate of carbon are unexcelled, used frequently, every 
two or three hours. 

If patient is old enough, or the parts are admissible, as the 
nipple or vulva, mouth, fauces, painting each patch over with 
jelly of violets, is most effectual in annihilating every vestige 
of a microbe in a mucous membrane, rapid cicatrization taking 
place. A few applications may be necessary. 

If it be the purpose to prolong treatment, solutions of either 
wild indigo, echinacea or siegesbeckie may be used. 

In some cases our readers will find a rapid and most effica- 
cious treatment in atomizing (warm) a spray of ozonized sul- 
phur water. This has been found highly beneficial, used thrice 
daily in stamping out the germ. 

ASPERMIA. — Absence of semen, a condition in which the 
patient, whether in coitus or other sexual excitement, is unable 
to ejaculate semen. This is met with either as a congenital or 
acquired affection; in the former it concerns men who have 
never discharged semen; in the latter, or acquired form, it is 
brought about by affections of the prostate, most frequently in- 
flammation, with effusion of lymph, occluding and obliterating 
the glandular structure and extensive nervous plexi of that 
gland. 

The largest number of cases of acquired aspermia which I 
meet with are married men who have resorted to unnatural 
methods of intercourse or congress with harlots, which give 
rise to prostatorrhea, occlusion of the ejaculatory ducts and hy- 
pertrophy of the prostate. The ozonized thyroid juice, solu- 
tion of spermin, kephalin, do excellent service, but iodol tab- 
lets, two grains, thrice daily internally, aristol suppositories 
and iodol bougies must be called into requisition to absorb the 
infiltration of lymph. 

The use of these animal extracts mark a new era of treat- 
ment. 

APIOL. — A solution of the pure active principle of parsley, 
a plant which has long enjoyed a world-wide reputation as a 
most trustworthy emmenagogue. It is largely employed to 



62 Twentieth Century , Practice. 

regulate the menstrual function, in cases of scanty flow, amen- 
orrhea, dysmenorrhea, by reason of its stimulating effect on the 
intestinal and genital vasomotor system and, secondarily, on 
the utero-ovarian apparatus. Apiol, ozonized solution, should 
be carefully distinguished from all other preparations and 
from the essential oil ; it is a preparation of uniform composi- 
tion and may be relied upon to give results which cannot be ob- 
tained from the variable and uncertain products usually dis- 
pensed. 

APIS MELLIFICA. — Honey ; a liquid of a muco-saccharine 
nature, secreted in the nectarines of flowers, collected by the 
Apis mellifica, or common bee, and deposited in the cells of the 
combs ; a vegetable product, used both as a food and medicine; 
for the former it needs no digestion, as it is prepared for 
prompt assimilation, thus saving the digestive machinery; for 
the latter it is a demulcent, aperient, diuretic, germicide. 

As a food, decidedly nutritive; as a remedial agent, it de- 
pends much on the source whence it is derived. Procured 
from sections of the country in which buckwheat is the main 
source of supply, exceedingly nutritious; in California and 
Florida, remarkable for its intense sweetness and demulcent 
properties, the source being flowers ; whereas Australian honey 
is remarkable for the oil of eucalyptus it contains. This latter 
is of decided therapeutic value, especially in scarlet fever. 

Eucalyptus honey, a fresh importation can be obtained from 
the wholesale drug trade. 

Some physicians imagine that a tincture of the poison of the 
honey bee, obtained by maceration of the entire bee, is of ef- 
ficacy as a diuretic and diaphoretic, and in irritable bladder. 
As we have remedies of much more certainty of action, it is 
not worthy of clinical study. 

APPENDICITIS. — The caecum or its appendix, situated in 
the right iliac fossa, and covered by peritoneum only anteriorly, 
may be seriously diseased, without any other part of the intes- 
tines being affected. Thus severe colic, and even fatal ileitis, 
may arise from the lodgment in this part of the canal of hard, 
fecal matter, skins and stones of fruit, orange-seeds, gallstones, 
fish-bones, foreign bodies, balls of intestinal worms. Some- 
times fecal matters accumulate to such an extent as to form a 
very large mass, and many cases of recovery might be cited 
which took place upon the passages of a large quantity of feces, 



Twentieth Century Practice. 63 

when the fecal enlargement had been pronounced a tumor by an 
ignorant practitioner. When any morbid matters get im- 
pacted in the vermiform appendix of the caecum, they are very 
apt to give rise to inflammation, ending in abscess. 

Symptoms. — In the acute form there is fever, nausea, con- 
stipation; fulness and tenderness about the right iliac region; 
pain rendered exquisite by pressure. Position on right side se- 
lected, with trunk somewhat bent, and knees drawn up to relax 
abdominal muscles so as not to press on painful tissues. If 
peritoneal coat becomes involved, may have general peritonitis ; 
or areolar tissue around caecum may become inflamed, and re- 
sult in suppuration and abscess; when this takes place, it is 
called perityphlitis. 

The treatment which has been successful in our hands has 
been the administration of very large doses of green root 
tincture of gelsemium, alternated with Dover's powder — per- 
severingly given, so as to induce narcotism — applying over the 
caecum concentrated ozone, and every hour a copious enema 
of a mixture of glycozone and infusion of lobelia herb. Just 
as soon as possible five to ten grains of periodate aurum — ener- 
getic treatment, bearing in mind that all operations are a de- 
lusion, for if not fatal at the time are so subsequently — medi- 
cinal treatment, avoiding the popular hobby, the knife. 

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.— The root of the Ameri- 
can hemp. Physiological action: Has a special vitalizing 
action on all the serous, mucous, and synovial membranes of the 
body — as well as upon the walls of blood-vessels and nerves; 
hence valuable in rheumatism, neuralgia, etc., but above all it 
has a most decided action in all cases of dropsy. 

Therapeutical action : Used as a diuretic and hydragogue 
in all cases of dropsy. 

Preparations and dose : Decoction, fluid extract and 
tincture. The latter is the best, made of one part of the root 
to ten of alcohol. Dose, five minims to one dram, added to 
water, as indicated. Many physicians prefer the infusion. 

APOPLEXY. — Apoplexy is generally understood to be the 
effusion of blood into, or on; or under the brain within the 
cranium (the skull) ; this is called sanguineous apoplexy, 
There are, however, two other kinds of aploplexy : one called 
serous, where the fluid so effused is clear and straw-colored, or 
else very slightly tinged with blood ; the other kind of apoplexy 



04 Twentieth Century Practice. 

is by some called the most perfect, that is, when there is no ef- 
fusion or extravasation of blood or other tlnid, but when the 
whole oi the blood-vessels are so inordinately distended with 
blood that the entire brain is pressed upon in consequence of the 
heart propelling the blood through the arteries with great force, 
the veins do not return the blood from the brain with sufficient 
quickness, and then, as the skull is unyielding, the substance of 
the brain is pressed upon throughout ; and unless this is speedily 
relieved the patient dies. This is held to be the most fatal form 
of apoplexy; because when blood is effused it may be small in 
quantity and perhaps slowly poured out, the pressure therefore 
is more partial, death occurs more slowly, or is sometimes 
averted for a considerable period. 

The effusion oi blood may occur in any part of the brain, as 
between its membranes, between the inner surfaces of the skull 
and the membrane called the dura mater, which lines it; it may 
be poured into any part of the substance of the brain, or into 
the cavities called venticles; it may happen between the base 
(the under part) oi the brain and the floor of the skull; and 
here, be it remarked, it would be more certainly and more 
quickly fatal. If it were to happen in the lesser brain (the 
cerebellum), it would be certainly fatal, and at once. 

Having thus furnished an outline of the nature of the dis- 
ease, we come to the causes that are supposed to predispose to 
its occurrence ; these are numerous. Intemperance of all kinds, 
whether in fermented liquors, gluttony, excessive amatory in- 
dulgence, violent passions and strong emotions, very high tem- 
perature, tight collars, tight lacing, a long depending position 
oi the head, severe cold long applied to the body, improper use 
of narcotic drugs, inhalation of some gases, blows on the head, 
violent straining, incessant coughing, great distention of the 
stomach and intestines with food or flatus, and in different de- 
grees perhaps any cause that tends to derangement of the 
health. 

The recital of the occasional causes will, to a certain extent, 
point out the means oi avoidance ; in addition we will give some 
directions for the management of those who are prone to the 
disease. 

Moderation in the indulgence of all the appetites should be 
en joined, and indeed it would be better if a total abstinence 
from all those gratifications which tend to excite the circulation 
were observed. Animal food to be taken in the smallest quan- 
tities, but if the patient be of a full and robust habit he should 



Twentieth Century Practice. 65 

avoid it altogether, and take no beverage but tea, coffee, toast- 
water or spring-water. Wine, spirits, and beer are poisons in 
such cases, ay, even the smallest quantities. The hair should 
be closely cut, and the head kept very cool ; discard nightcaps 
and all headgear, wear the lightest of hats. Keep the feet 
warm and the body agreeably so. Discard all garments that 
nave the effect of tight ligatures on the body. Take as much 
exercise as the strength will permit, and as little sleep as pos- 
sible, avoid the siesta or after-dinner nap, retire early and rise 
soon in the morning. It must not be forgotten that depressing 
passions and emotions are as adverse to the welfare of the pa- 
tient as the exciting ones. Let the bowels be kept freely open : 
never neglect them. 

These general results will be frequently followed by the best 
results ; more particular ones can only be supplied by a judicious 
surgeon, because they will be determined by the exigencies of 
the case, the age, habits, and other circumstances of the patient. 

No age has been exempt from this appalling disease, but it 
is most frequent in its occurrence after forty-five. The idle, 
the intemperate, and the luxurious furnish the greatest number 
of examples. In some families it would seem to be hereditary, 
but it is perhaps connected with other peculiarities of constitu- 
tion. Families that in their succession afford the largest num- 
ber of instances are rarely exempt from tuberculosis gout, or 
insanity. 

The excessive wear and tear of the nervous system, inci- 
dental to a high state of civilization, excess in eating and drink- 
ing, peculiar formation of body, give rise to an impaired 
vitality of the cerebrum, called apoplexy, in which there is a 
sudden loss of consciousness, power of voluntary motion ; 
coma, from which no exertion can rouse, with heavy stertorous 
breathing; frothy saliva blown from the mouth, with a full 
bard pulse. 

Three varieties met with in practice, ( 1 ) nervous, in which 
no appreciable lesion can be detected in the brain; (2) san- 
guineous, in which an effusion of blood has taken place into 
the substance of the brain, usually forming a clot; (3) serous, 
the pouring out of the watery portion of the blood, which finds 
its level upon the base of the brain, and gives rise to paralysis. 

The sanguineous is the most common, an attack of which 
may be brought on either by a flow of blood to the head, or by 
anything that prevents or retards its return, such as violent fits 
•of passion, great or violent muscular exercise, stooping, study, 



66 Twentieth Century Practice. 

wearing tight articles of dress around the neck, overloading 
the stomach, excessive use of highly seasoned food and malt 
liquors, inhaling the fumes of sulphur, opium, mercury, char- 
coal ; concussions, blows, and by drugs as overdoses of quinine. 

The young and middle-aged of a plethoric habit of body are 
most liable to the sanguineous form; those of an intensely 
nervous diathesis, spare habit, impaired constitution, to the 
serous and nervous. 

In the three varieties the attack is ushered in with vertigo,, 
a sense of pressure or weight in the head, choking sensation, 
drowsiness ; confusion of the senses and ideas, loss of sight and 
memory. 

During the seizure in the sanguineous form the face flushes, 
congested pupils are contracted ; in the other forms, pale, pulse 
variable, coma, stertorous breathing; pupils either dilated or 
contracted or one dilated, the other contracted; difficulty in 
swallowing ; incontinence of urine. 

Any of those symptoms calls for immediate, energetic treat- 
ment, calculated to ward off an attack, such as cutting the hair 
and applying hot packs to the head; dry cupping neck, 
shoulders ; mustard to the extremities from the toe to the knee, 
free purgation — little drink, spare diet, but nutritious. 

If an attack has taken place, loosen all tight clothing about 
the neck ; remove the patient to a cool place ; keep the head and 
shoulders elevated; abundance of fresh air. As soon as he 
rallies, free action of bowels is necessary; meagre diet; he must 
carefully avoid fits of excitement, passion and sexual congress, 
exertion and changes of temperature, especially exposure to hot 
sun, hot baths, overheated rooms and violent exercise. 

If the patient can swallow remedies, passiflora incarnata, 
with veratrum viride to keep the pulse at sixty, are most bene- 
ficial. Dry cupping to be repeated every forty-eight hours, 
mustard on the calves of the legs and soles of the feet, free- 
purgation. 

In the serous and sanguineous forms, hot packs to the head, 
enemata of chloral hydrate; passiflora suppositories to restore 
sensibility. 

ASEPTOL. — This term is applied to a 33^2 per cent solu- 
tion of orthoxyphenol sulphonic acid. It has been recom- 
mended as a substitute for carbolic and salicylic acids. It pos- 
sesses their antiseptic properties and is soluble in water, alcohol, 
and glycerin in all proportions. It is free from the irritant: 



Twentieth Century Practice. 67 

and toxic properties of carbolic acid, and is therefore recom- 
mended in extensive surgical operations (opening of the ab- 
dominal cavity, etc.). It is not escharotic when applied to 
delicate tissues. It has antiseptic properties in a solution of 1 
in 1,000. The internal dose is intermediate between carbolic 
and salicylic acids. 

ARISTOL. — A combination of iodine and thymol, is a valu- 
able, inodorous, and non-toxic bactericide, equal if not superior 
to iodoform, iodol. Aristol is insoluble in water and glycerin, 
slightly so in alcohol, but readily so in ether. Soluble in oils 
by thorough friction without heat. Used like iodoform or 
iodol, for the cure of chancres, ulcers; by dusting on, excites 
rapid cicatrization; also excellent in parasitical skin affections. 

It has acquired quite a reputation as a peculiar and powerful 
absorbent. In the form of a suppository, containing two and 
a half grains of the aristol, it has wrought wonders in procur- 
ing absorption of the fibrous and connective tissue of an en- 
largement of the prostate gland. 

We might, if our space permitted, cite case after case, in 
which the aristol suppository has effected a radical cure. Old, 
very chronic, indurated cases that have resisted every remedy 
yield to this. 

The best exhibition or method is at 3 p. m. insert a cocain 
suppository. This induces complete anesthesia. Three hours 
later empty the rectum by an administration of an enamae of 
either flaxseed or slippery elm tea ; when that passes off, insert 
the aristol suppository pretty well up in the rectum, and permit 
it to remain over night. 

ARAROBA, OR GOA POWDER.— The tree Angeline 
amarjose, growing from 80 to 100 feet high, in Brazil, whose 
heart wood, under certain conditions, undergoes a peculiar cel- 
lular metamorphosis into what is termed goa powder, the 
active principle of which is chrysarobin, forming chrisophanic 
acid under the influence of moist air and ammonia ; a powerful 
bactericide. This acid is generally used instead of the crude 
powder. 

Therapeutic action : As an external microbicide in psoriasis, 
lupus, all forms of tinea, eczema, and parasitical cutaneous af- 
fections, it is of rare value. It is also administered internally. 

Preparations and doses: From 10 to 20 grains of the acid 
added to an ounce of ozone ointment is exceedingly valuable. 



68 Twentieth Century Practice. 

Internally the dose should be small, i-io of a grain triturated 
in sugar of milk; larger doses are liable to cause irritation, 
vomiting, purging. 

AMERICAN ASH.— Specially indicated in all types of the 
uric acid diathesis, rheumatism, and gout in ladies. The 
chemical composition of this remedy is such — lime, colchicin, 
lithia, hydrastin, cocain — that it is pre-eminently a drug for 
the ladies of the near future; extremely efficacious in mem- 
branous dysmenorrhea. 

Dose: From a half to one teaspoonful, to be increased, if 
necessary, every three hours, or more frequently, if advisable. 

ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS.— The root of the male fern is 
useful in expelling tape-worm. Preparations and dose, 8 to 20 
drops, to be repeated as the case requires. 

ASPHYXIA. — Suspended animation or arrest of the phe- 
nomena of respiration and circulation ; suffocation by the non- 
conversion of the venous blood in the lungs into arterial, 
owing to the supply of air being cut off ; the unchanged venous 
blood of the pulmonary artery passes into the minute radicles 
of the pulmonary vein. Their peculiar physiological construc- 
tion requires arterial blood to excite them. Stagnation takes 
place in the pulmonary capillaries ; death follows from want of 
arterial blood. 

Whatever be the cause, drowning, strangulation, hanging, 
inhalation of noxious gases, first clear the mouth and nose of 
mucus or other substances; expose face and chest to the air; 
elevate the head; pull forward the tongue; resort to artificial 
respiration at once; this is most useful and should be perse- 
vered with; don't give any drink till breathing has been re- 
stored. Then select whatever is most speedily and easily pro- 
cured of one, or two, or more of the following: Friction to 
the entire body with hot towels; hpodermic injections of either 
brandy or ether, or nitroglycerin; drop doses of one per cent 
solution of nitroglycerin on the tip of the tongue, a supposi- 
tory of the same in the rectum ; electrical, positive pole over the 
nape of the neck (medulla oblongata), negative over the dia- 
phragm ; enemata of either comp. oxygen, or glucozone, or per- 
oxide of hydrogen, or infusion of capsicum, or brandy, or an 
emulsion of turpentine. Use the most easily procured. As 



Twentieth Century Practice. 69 

soon as he breathes, give comp. oxygen, either by inhalation or 
orally. 

In the newly born, if asphyxiated, place child in a hot, then 
into a cold bath, alternately for five or ten minutes ; use brisk 
friction to spine, then entire body, artificial respiration, loss of 
a few drops of blood from the umbilical cord ; injections con- 
taining a little brandy. 

The following rules are excellent : 

Rule i. — Remove all obstructions to breathing. Instantly 
loosen or cut apart all neck and waist bands ; turn the patient on 
his face, with the head down hill ; stand astride the hips with 
your face toward his head, and, locking your fingers together 
under his belly, raise the body as high as you can without lifting 
the forehead oft" the ground and give the body a smart jerk to 
remove mucus from the throat and water from the windpipe; 
hold the body suspended long enough to slowly count one, two. 
three, four, five, repeating the jerk more gently two or three 
times. Then act by Rule 2. 

Rule 2. — Keep the patient face downward and maintaining 
all the while your position astride the body, grasp the points 
of the shoulders by the clothing, or, if the body is naked, thrust 
your fingers into the armpits, clasping your thumbs over the 
points of the shoulders, and raise the chest as high as you can 
without lifting the head quite off the ground, and hold it long 
enough to slowly count one, two, three. Replace him on the 
ground with his forehead on his flexed arm, the neck straight- 
ened out, and the mouth and nose free. Place your elbows 
against your knees and your hands upon the sides of his chest 
over the lower ribs and press downward and inward with in- 
creasing force long enough to slowly count one, two. Then 
suddenly let go, grasp the shoulders as before and raise the 
chest ; then press upon the ribs, etc. These alternate movements 
should be repeated ten to fifteen times a minute for an hour at 
least, unless breathing is restored sooner. Use the same regu- 
larity as in natural breathing. 

Do not give up too soon. You are working for life. Any 
time within two hours you may be on the very threshold of 
success without there being any sign of it. 

Rule 3. — After breathing has commenced, restore the ani- 
mal heat. Wrap him in warm blankets, apply bottles of hot 
water, hot bricks, or anything to restore heat. Warm the head 
nearly as fast as the body, lest convulsions come on. Rubbing 
the body with warm cloths or the hand, and slapping the fleshy 



yo Twentieth Century Practice. 

parts, may assist to restore warmth, the circulation of the blood 
and breathing also. The rubbing of the limbs should always 
be from the extremities toward the body. If the patient can 
surely swallow, give hot coffee, tea, milk, or a little hot sling. 
Give spirits sparingly, lest they produce depression. Place the 
patient in a bed, ancl give him plenty of fresh air; keep him 
quiet. 

Avoid delay. A moment may turn the scale for life or death. 
Dry ground, shelter, warmth, stimulants, etc., at this moment 
are nothing; artificial breathing is everything — is the one 
remedy ; all others are secondary. 

Do not stop to remove wet clothing. Precious time is 
wasted, and the patient may be fatally chilled by exposure of 
the naked body even in summer. Give all your attention and 
effort to restore breathing by forcing air into, and out of, the 
lungs. If the breathing had just ceased, a smart slap on the 
face, or a vigorous twist of the hair, will sometimes start it 
again, and may be tried incidentally, as may also, pressing the 
finger upon the root of the tongue. 

Before natural breathing is fully restored do not let the pa- 
tient lie on his back, unless some person holds the tongue for- 
ward. The tongue by falling back may close the windpipe and 
cause fatal choking. 

If several persons are present, one may hold the head steady, 
keeping the neck nearly straight ; others may remove wet cloth- 
ing, replacing at once by clothing which is dry and warm ; they 
may also chafe the limbs, rubbing toward the body, and thus 
promote the circulation. 

Prevent friends from crowding around the patient and ex- 
cluding fresh air; also from trying to give stimulants before 
the patient can swallow. The first causes suffocation; the 
second, fatal choking. 

In suffocation by smoke or any poisonous gas, as also by 
hanging, proceed the same as for drowning, omitting effort to 
expel water and the like from windpipe. In suspended breath- 
ing from effects of chloroform, hydrate of chloral, electric 
shock, and the like, proceed by Rule 2, taking especial pains to 
keep the head very low, and preventing closure of the wind- 
pipe by the tongue falling back. 

The insertion of one or two nitroglycerin suppositories or a 
3; or 4 drop on the tongue, will often resume instantaneous re- 
susication. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 71 

ATAXIA. — Locomotor ataxia, a disease of the spinal cord 
in which there is an excessive formation of connective tissue, a 
true sclerosis of the posterior columns, with wasting and disin- 
tegration of the nerve fibres emanating therefrom. The dorsal 
and lumbar portions of the cord are usually implicated. Be- 
coming a common malady among men addicted to sexual ex- 
cesses, and who are so unfortunate as to have either the mi- 
crobe or toxin of syphilis in their blood. 

It may also be hereditary, in which case the lateral and pos- 
terior columns of the cord are affected. 

In these cases, the child exhibits oscillations of the eyelids ; 
very jerky, speech much impaired, ataxic gait. 

When acquired in adults it has the following well-defined 
characteristics : Impaired vision, incipient amaurosis, or 
changes in the reaction of the pupil to light, but not to accom- 
modation ; squint, sharp, shooting, stabbing pains in the muscles 
of the limbs; inco-ordination of muscular movements, exhib- 
ited chiefly in the peculiar manner in which the feet are thrown 
out and the heels brought sharply to the ground; inability to 
stand with the eyes closed; muscular jerking, spasm, numbness, 
followed by loss of sensation in the lower limbs; by and by, 
paralysis, with bladder and rectal trouble. 

Usually slow, insidious; lasting many years before ataxia 
comes on. Unless some accidental condition sets in, death is 
due to grave organic changes in the brain. 

Although unable to effect a cure in locomotor ataxia, much 
can be done to ameliorate, retard its onward progress and pro- 
long life. 

As' valuable aids to accomplish this, daily bathing, followed by 
massage by a highly vitalized manipulator for at least one hour 
and a half, morning and night — then faradization of the entire 
body, and latterly inunction of guaiacol. Diet most nutritious ; 
an excess of highly animalized food. 

Much efficacy is derived from wearing a large guaiacol plas- 
ter over the lumbar portion of the spine, removed and reapplied 
after every act of massage. 

Suspension is absurd ; the fallacy of ignorance ; a sea voyage, 
change of scene, excellent. 

We grant the incurability of the disease, but claim that it 
could be arrested or stayed, life prolonged. 

We have tried the following, and make a suggestion to a. 
host of anxious, half-hoping, half-doubting sufferers — that the 
expressed juice of the Phytolacca berry, administered in doses. 



72 Twentieth Century Practice. 

of from 2 to 15 drops thrice daily, diluted in water, has a most 
remarkable action upon blood formation, upon the pink marrow 
and like glands ; that when steadily administered it restores the 
vital fluid to a normal standard, checks the formation of the 
connective tissue elements in the blood, keeping the blood at a 
high standard. The ozonized Phytolacca berry juice is at least 
twenty times more active, hence better results now than could 
be obtained thirty years ago. 

It relieves the lightning pains in this affection and effects 
considerable improvement in gait and general condition of the 
patient. 

Chloride of aluminium in 5-grain doses thrice daily is 
another remedy of some merit, and often effects considerable 
improvement. 

Cacodylate of sodium is being used quite extensively in loco- 
motor ataxia with much benefit, so far, greatly increasing nu- 
trition and arresting the growth of connective tissue. 



ATMOSPHERIC DISINFECTION.— The value of disin- 
fectants in cities contaminated by sewer gas, and in the pres- 
ence of such affections as cancer, syphilis, tuberculosis, diph- 
theria, typhoid fever, whooping-cough, and the eruptive fevers, 
cannot be duly appreciated. 

The time has arrived when old methods of disinfection must 
be discarded, as not far-reaching enough, and newer, more 
powerful, deeply penetrating means take their place. 

One large tablespoonful of formalin added to one quart of 
water, distributed in shallow plates around a room, the at- 
mosphere of the apartment at a temperature of 75 degrees F., 
the formalin will not irritate the most delicate individuals, but 
will volatilize sufficiently to completely annihilate every disease 
germ present. There is no necessity either to boil the water or 
apply heat, as it will vaporize sufficiently to destroy any microbe 
it comes in contact with on any material object in the apartment. 

Physicians should use this brand only, as it is C. P. ; it is no 
cheap, inferior, watered down stuff. They should see that it is 
kept in every house ; it is unexcelled, admits of ready volatiliza- 
tion. The vapor so generated is pure formalin attenuated; 
thoroughly competent to act as a most efficient bactericide and 
ozonizing agent. Placed in every house, renewed every few 
days, there would be much less disease, and what would be 
•would suffer great amelioration, likely break it up. Words are 



Twentieth Century Practice. 73 

inadequate to describe its great efficacy in throat and lung mala- 
dies, especially when the tubercle bacillus is present. 

House, school, church, theatre sanitation is important; va- 
rious forms of fungi can be detected in all these structures, 
whether frequently occupied or not, which can readily be ef- 
faced by the exposure of formalin. 

In this preparation of formalin, we have an ideal germicide 
— an agent possessing greater bactericidal properties than we 
possess in any other drug, which makes it specially valuable for 
sterilizing the epithelial scales in scarlet fever, which contain 
the spores of the micrococcus. If the formalin is exposed in 
the apartment, it matters little where they drift, for from them 
similar life cannot spring, for the scales on desquamation are so 
altered by this agent that the germ never propagates again. 
Formalin approaches the ideal germicide, and as such its ex- 
posure in the apartment during the desquamative stage of scar- 
let fever is to be commended. 

As a disinfectant formalin has no deleterious effect ; it is only 
when it gets into the body by the stomach that it causes 
atrophy of the optic nerve. 



ATROPHY. — A wasting, a shriveling up of any tissue, 
structure or organ. 

Brain Atrophy. — A shrinkage of the brain is an incident 
of modern civilization — common in old age, when it becomes 
small, intellectual faculties childish— modern precosity gives 
us atrophy in the young — a draining of the nervo-vital fluid, 
either in masturbation or sexual excesses at any period of life; 
our present system of instruction in schools; the tension; the 
use of beer or any alcoholic beverage; excessive study, long, 
profound ; a diminution of sleep or insomnia ; and above and be- 
yond all, the toxins of disease germs. 

Before any remedies can be successful in eradicating brain 
atrophy, the cause must be removed, then select from the fol- 
lowing remedies, some two of them, of the greatest efficacy, 
should be administered : comp. tincture matricaria, kephalin 
granules, cerebrin, avena sativa, coca passiflora incarnata, c. p. 
solution of spermin, protonuclein, thyroid ext, massage, elec- 
tricity. 

The best food for wasting of the cerebrum is oatmeal, 
wheaten grits, broiled white fish, with abundance of animal and 
vegetable substances. 



74 Twentieth Century Practice. 

Atrophy of the Heart. — The heart muscle, from want of 
nutrition, as it is very abundantly, nay, profusely supplied with 
branches of the great sympathetic, it loses under depressing- 
emotions, desires, affections, passions. The toxins of disease 
germs in the blood act disastrously upon all involuntary mus- 
cles, especially the toxins of diphtheria, epidemic influenza, ty- 
phoid fever, syphilis, pneumonia, etc. 

Tobacco, tea, acro-narcotic drugs predispose to a feeble 
heart. 

Atrophy of the heart is very easily recognized by the feeble 
pulse, from forty to sixty beats per minute; lowered tempera- 
ture, lassitude, debility, vertigo, muscae volitantes, tinnitus, area 
of dullness on percussion much diminished ; sounds very feeble, 
often inaudible, with anemia, defective metabolism, malnutri- 
tion, the function of every gland is very much impaired. 

In the case of atrophy of the heart, or cardiac failure, first 
forbid the use of tea, beer, alcohol, tobacco and all acro-nar- 
cotics. Anemia, an exhausted nerve centre, is at the origin of 
every case. Therefore, we must bear in mind that massage 
stimulates the heart, the arterial circulation in the muscle has- 
tens the nervous currents, promotes the passage of lymph 
through the lymphatic vessels. Under systematized massage 
the metabolism of the body is maintained — digestion much 
improved; it aids cardiac nutrition, relieves the stagnant circu- 
lation, then a wonderful improvement in every organ, gland, in 
motor and sensient nerves takes place. 

Matricaria is the best cardiac stimulant in those cases. 
Kephalin granules are unexcelled — avena sativa, good; cin- 
chona and mineral acids are of rare value, passiflora. Use thy- 
roid extract with care. Local stimulation over region of heart. 
The best of all remedies is the muscle alkaloid creatinin. 

Diet, light, generous; give stomach rest, time to recuperate. 

Atrophy of the Mammary Gland. — The larynx, mam- 
mary gland, the uterus and its appendages, are linked as one, 
by a chain of nerves that bind and anastomose together, so that 
any shock, concussion, jar, injury to one, implicates the others. 
A shock to the uterus, from cold during menstruation, causes 
the breast to collapse, and aphonia to supervene. A woman 
guilty of masturbation causes brain, uterus, breasts and larynx 
to atrophy. Prostitution loose, varied, blights the entire gen- 
erative system. Absolute celibacy, as in elderly maidens, gives 
rise to uterine, ovarian, mammary and laryngeal shrinkage, 
hence the peculiar modulation of voice. As the entire repro- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 75 

ductive system, anteriorly is covered with branches of the great 
sympathetic, depression to her moral nature rebounds upon her 
breasts. It may be congenital or due to the toxins of disease 
germs. 

In order to establish a growth or regrowth of the mammary 
gland, all causes that produced it must be removed, and patient 
by means of bathing, nutrition, be placed in as good a condition 
as possible. 

Internally select one or two of the following and administer 
— matricaria before meals, either kephalin, avena sativa, malt 
extract, thyroid extract, protonuclein c. p. solution of spermin, 
creatinin, saw palmetto. 

Locally, bathing the breasts once or twice daily, friction, 
electricity, saw palmetto ointment. No compression. 

Diet, generous to a fault, oatmeal, broiled fish, cream, ani- 
mal and vegetable diet of the best. 

Atrophy of Muscles. — Muscles lose their contractility 
either by non-use, or injury to their nerves, or the non-exercise 
of the will with the act of volition, to the paralyzing action of 
the toxins, of disease germs; then if any of those conditions 
be present, the fibres of the muscle or muscles will become pale, 
inelastic, and if not arrested will pass into fatty degeneration. 

So long, however, as vital contractility is manifest by bring- 
ing the electric current upon the muscle and its exhibiting the 
proper test, hopes may be entertained of a cure, otherwise 
there is none. 

If there be the slightest response to the electrical current, the 
individual should be braced up by every possible means — best 
of nutrition, bathing, systematic massage, passive motion, fric- 
tion, kneading, patting, followed by judicious faradization, not 
only of the affected muscles, but of the entire body. , 

Internally tonics are the most available remedies, such as will 
aid blood formation, thyroid extract, protonuclein, cinchona 
and mineral acids; from 3 to 6 grains of creatinin daily; malt 
extracts are inoperative remedies for muscle growth, those 
with tobacco and other narcotic remedies forbid. 

Atrophy of the Spinal Cord. — Aside from all forms. of 
mechanical violence, shock, ajrs, concussions, blows, mastur- 
bation, sexual excesses, etc., the toxin of the bacillus of syph- 
ilis heads the list as the grand cause of spinal atrophy and palsy. 

The symptomatology of the atrophy of the cord is very 
varied and protean — spastic paralysis of the lower ex- 
tremities is common; disturbance of sensation, involvement of 



j6 Twentieth Century Practice. 

bladder and rectum, complete impotence, tremors, burning sen- 
sations in skin — usually pain in the abdomen, hips, knees, legs 
and intercostal region. 

The great object to be attained by any treatment is to destroy 
the active neoplasms in and around the cord and overcome the 
degeneracy. 

For this purpose and to overcome the wasting, starting new 
elements of life, a guaiacol plaster, four inches wide, reaching 
from the medulla oblongata to the sacrum, kept on forty-eight 
hours, off the same length of time, and then re-applied again 
and again, it works wonders when this vitalized structure is 
smitten — when off, a linimentum of guaiacol and chloroform 
should be rubbed in. 

Internally most nutritious diet and the same remedies as 
for atrophy of the brain, especially thyroid extract, proto- 
nuclein and spermin, are excellent. Comp. saxifraga with an 
excess of iodide potass, in alternation with quinine. 

Daily bathing, followed with massage for one or two hours, 
never to be omitted. 

Atrophy of the Testes. — Exceedingly common; produc- 
tive of phrenal degeneracy; may be congenital; blows on the 
head and back in early, life, later on masturbation, varicocele, 
excessive sexual indulgence will cause them to waste, especially 
if there be incompatibility; or the participant a prostitute; or 
addicted to loose and varied congress, celibacy. 

The toxins of many of the pathogenic microbes, such as the 
gonococcus, the bacillus of syphilis, tubercle, mumps, give 
rise to a blight of the testes. Bicycle exercise damages the 
prostate, seminal ducts, gives rise to a constant leakage, dwarfs 
the testes, subsequently imbecility and mild insanity follow. 
Dime novels are a moral poison, inaugurate a wasting of the 
testes. 

All the causes being removed, the growth of these glands can 
be promoted, often radically restored, by prescribing matri- 
caria, saw palmetto, kephalin, avena sativa, passiflora, thyroid 
extract, protonuclein, ambrosia orientalis. Occasionally 
comp. saxifraga and quinine. C. p. solution of spermin. 
This latter remedy merits the attention of all who have 
either small or shrunken testes. It being the pure alkaloidal 
spermin extracted from the testes of the bull, it fills the bill, a 
direct nutrient to the testes ; an invigorator of the brain. 

Locally bathing, saw palmetto ointment, electricity. 

A diet of the most nutritious character, eggs, shell fish, 
wheaten grits, poultry, rare broiled steak. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 77 

Atrophy of the Uterus. — This may be either congenital 
or due to retarded development ; or to blows, falls, shocks, falls 
on back of head, violence of some kind, or to depressing pas- 
sions, toxins of disease germs ; fevers, morbid blood stream, as 
in syphilis, menstrual suppression. Removal of the ovaries 
causes of the body of the uterus to disappear entirely. 

Atrophy of the uterus between fifteen and forty-five years of 
age is best treated by the removal of causes. A generous 
diet, moderate exercise, flannel clothing, bathing, massage, and 
faradization of the uterus daily. 

If it be due to ovarian and uterine blight, thyroid extract, 
protonuclein c. p. solution of spermin, are valuable remedies; 
work wonders as uterine vitalizers and tonics. 

The most gratifying results are obtained from the kephalin 
granules, which are usually prompt and decisive in their action. 

The wine of aletris farinosa should never be overlooked in 
the general treatment. 

The best success in ovaro-uterine atrophy, is to stimulate 
their functional activity by invigorating the nervous system. 

ASTHMA. — This term is very vaguely used to designate a 
malady characterized by wheezing respiration — a difficulty of 
breathing occurring in paroxysms, but the genuine disease in- 
cludes those cases only in which there is an irritation either in 
the origin of the vagus or some part of its course. 

The causes which are supposed by many to give rise to this 
are peculiar types of conformation, non-acclimatization, morbid 
states of the blood, toxins of disease germs, peculiar affinity for 
certain locations, certain idiosyncracies to the aroma of plants, 
flowers, grasses. 

Attacks or seizures are most liable to take place when the 
electrical condition of the atmosphere is lowered. This con- 
dition is blended with a neurosis, a reflex impressibility, irrita- 
bility and hyperemia of the bronchial mucous membrane, which 
seem to be an essential part of the disease. 

Structural changes are rare in simple asthma, common in 
the genuine. 

True or nervous asthma consists in a paroxysmal spasm of 
longer or shorter duration, brought on by some of the causes 
enumerated and by others unknown, which irritate the nerves 
that supply the circular muscular fibres of the bronchi, causing 
contraction usually after an inspiration; the air is retained in 
the air cells; there is an impending sense of suffocation, gasp- 



y8 Twentieth Century Practice. 

ing for breath, profuse sweating; relaxation usually follows, 
and the spasm is relieved. 

As a rule, the spasm is ushered in with languor, drowsiness, 
anxiety, wheezing respiration. If patient anticipates an attack 
let him take a tablespoonful of the ozonized tincture of euphor- 
bia pilulifera, add to it half a tumbler of hot water, and take 
half a teaspoonful every five minutes until it has checked or 
broken up the attack. This is most efficient, safe ; no harm can 
come from a large or overdose ; better by far than inhaling the 
fumes of stramonium, nitrate paper, or even the nitrite of amyl. 

Euphorbia pil. is a curative drug in asthma ; as such it is best 
taken in the form of a tablet or lozenge, one every three hours. 

If the patient is not promptly placed upon this remedy, then 
one or other of either of the following should be selected and 
the patient placed upon it : Musk root, rosin weed, coca, eryth- 
roxylon, grindelia, nitrites of glycerin, amyl, sodium, glycerite 
of sulphur, passiflora incarnata, Calabar bean, bromid. If the 
toxins of disease germs be the cause, a combination of iodide of 
potass, and quinine, 5 of the former to 1 of the latter; increase 
in these proportions. 

A nutritious diet, with a careful regulation of every article, 
is important ; flannel clothing. 

In the neurosis of hay, roses, ragweed, grape asthma, paint 
the fauces and tonsils of the nostrils freely with the jelly of 
violets daily. This anesthetic completely wipes out all at- 
tacks. Fortify the vital forces with matricaria and kephalin 
granules. 

In spasmodic contraction of the circular muscular fibres of 
the bronchi, no matter what its causation may be, there is 
always to be found an evolution of a microbe, pathogenic of the 
disease. 

Inhalation of narcotics affords relief by sterilizing the germ. 

If, at the very moment of an attack, the chest and back be 
lightly but rapidly sprayed with the chloride of methyl, the at- 
tack will at once cease, and remain so for twenty-four hours. 

The euphorbia pil., in tincture form, has great power in re- 
laxing bronchial spasm, best administered by adding two tea- 
spoonful to a cup of hot water, of which one teaspoonful every 
few minutes is a dose; it is an excellent remedy to ward off 
nocturnal attacks. 

The euphorbia has great power in relieving bronchial spasm 
administered by the mouth or rectum. 

A very popular, successful method of relieving the urgent 



Twentieth Century Practice. 79 

symptoms of asthma is in prescribing the following : Chloral 
Trydrate, 1 ounce; ozonized syrup of tolu, 1 ounce; tincture 
euphorbia pil., 2 drams; fennel water, 2 ounces; mix. Dose, 
teaspoonful doses at first every half hour; as soon as relief 
comes, every three hours. Paint nasal fossa as far in as pos- 
sible with glycerin, half an ounce; hydrochlorate of cocain, 10 
grains ; dissolve by the aid of heat, or, what is even better, paint 
both the nasal cavity and fauces with jelly of violets, when 
there is immediate relief of the spasm. 

AURUM (Gold). — Preparations of this metal are bacteri- 
cides. The pure chloride of gold, dissolved in nitric acid to 
the point of saturation, makes a valuable caustic for the de- 
struction of the hybrid germ of lupus. The chloride of gold 
and soda, one-thirtieth of a grain, triturated in sugar of milk, 
destroys the germs of syphilis and cancer. 

The periodate is a new chemical compound of a definite com- 
position, a product of the union of iodine and gold — a most 
powerful germicide, especially destructive to the syphilitic 
germ, being neither caustic nor corrosive. 

The only remedy capable of staying the never-ceasing on- 
ward march of syphilis, for when administered in that malady 
it yields brilliant results. 

Syphilis, contagious and infectious, the affected individual 
is a social danger. Prophylaxis is a failure all over the world ; 
self-denial, moral and religious scruples a failure; even licens- 
ing brothels has in no way diminished the number of cases, but 
vastly increased the clandestine centres of prostitution. 

Here, then, is the treatment of the greatest venereal specialist 
of the lungs and heart in health, and are aided in forming a 
•cinchona alkaloid as a tonic; late in the evening from 5 to 10 
grains periodate aurum, with slight intermissions, is main- 
tained for six months. 

AUSCULTATION. — The method of recognizing disease 
"by listening to internal sounds. Thus we listen to the sounds 
of the lungs and heart in health, and are aided in forming a 
•diagnosis in disease. Modern methods of examination of 
those two organs are by the stethoscope (see Diagnosis). 

AUTO-INTOXICATION.— The human body may be 
poisoned by products of its own making, as well as by the 
toxins of bacterial life. 



80 Twentieth Century Practice. 

In the normal process of digestion, there may be elements 
thrown into the circulation which may produce alarming^ 
symptoms, even death. The urinary tract, from the tubuli to 
the meatus, is covered with a non-urea absorbing surface. Rob 
it of that epithelial covering, speedy intoxication follows. 

In the whole range of animal existence, waste products are 
highly toxical. Man himself is but a laboratory of poisons; 
the sweat is intensely toxical, the feces possess great toxicity; 
if retained a considerable auto-intoxication follows. 

The feeling of languor after exercise ; the comatose, drowsy 
feeling after meals, is due to the absorption of toxins derived 
from proteids. Auto-intoxication often arises from imper- 
fectly digested products. 

So great is the amount of toxins generated within the human 
body, that we would all die, were it not for the excretory action 
of the liver. 

The liver is a safeguard, a sentinel ever on guard to arrest 
toxins from entering the circulation. The liver destroys a 
certain amount of toxic matter, and arrests ptomains from en- 
tering the circulation. 

The blood current, that carries everything absorbable 
through the liver, meets within this gland an important func- 
tion, namely, arresting all poisons in alimentary canal on 
their way into the general circulation. The portal blood, 
often loaded with poisons, reaches the liver, where it is at once 
arrested and thrown back into the bowel. This happens again 
and again, until this entero-hepatic circulation of ptomains 
grows smaller and smaller and finally reaches the colon, and, 
mixed with other excrementitious matter, it leaves the body. 

Some poisons, like tyrotoxicon and the pus microbe, have re- 
markable lethal effects. 



AVENA SATIVA. — By a newly discovered, elaborated 
chemical process, the avenine, an alkaloidal body, has been iso- 
lated, chiefly from Scotch oats, in great abundance. 

The finest Midlothian oats, coarsely crushed covered with 
water and kept at a temperature of 100 degrees F. for six 
weeks, permitted to undergo acetous fermentation, then sub- 
mitted to the action of glycerin, alcohol, and ozone, liberates 
an immense amount of vegetable phosphorus. 

This hydro-alcoholic phosphorized tincture is rich in phos- 
phorus. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 8i 

Indicated. — In all forms of weakness of whatever kind in 
children or grown persons ; in retarded dentition ; all diseases, 
especially nervous exhaustion, physical, mental debility; nerv- 
ousness, nerve tire, loss of memory, deafness and blindness, 
vertigo, insomnia, headache, white softening, paralysis, loss of 
vigor, impotency. It is the Great Desideratum of the age, 
composed of the phosphates of the Scotch oats, the life-giving 
property of the brain, a brain and nerve food, a pabulum upon 
which the brain feeds, a remedy which contains the essential 
elements of being, of life, of thought, and organization. To 
the user it imparts great intellectual vigor; brilliancy and 
vivacity of thought, a redundancy and freshness of ideas, great 
mental and physical strength, and endurance ; besides it creates 
a higher and nobler type of manhood, deepens the typical fis- 
sures of thought. Every human being should use it. Dose : 
For adults, from 15 to 30 drops in a little water every four 
hours; for children, 1 drop for every year of their age as fre- 
quent. 

BACTERIA. — A few years ago this term was applied to 
all disease germs; at the present time the name is restricted 
to that germinal mass present on the tongue, in malassimila- 
tion, in disordered states of the alimentary canal, in wounds, 
or breeches of continuity. It is identical with the bacillus me- 
gatherium, whfch is invariably found on decaying vegetables. 

The microbe consists of large rods like small sausages, four 
or five times longer than wide, usually somewhat curved. In 
the process of sprouting, transverse division occurs, each seg- 
ment attaining the same length as the original rod. When first 
seen, with a power of 1250 diameters, they appear non-articu- 
lated, but when a drop of alcohol is placed on them, the seg- 
ments are clearly seen. The rods are motile and form irregu- 
lar chains of a disjointed appearance. 

The bacteria are the most common of all the disease germs, 
being nothing more than the degraded elements of nutrition in 
man, and plants, changed, altered, under some adverse condi- 
tions. It is found in all deranged or perverted states, as well 
as in wounds, ulcers, and the like. 

Like all other disease germs, it has, in a favorable media, 
most marvelous powers of reproduction. 

Bacteria are pathogenic of perverted nutrition, they bear 
culture well on slightly acid nutrient agar, and nutrient gela- 
tin. Cultures injected into animals produce profound malnutri- 



82 Twentieth Century Practice. 

tion; tongue coats heavily; spore formation takes place in the 
salivary glands, mouth, fauces; germ-evolution takes place in 
the usual manner. If not sterilized or annihilated, it becomes 
an immense and prolific breeder, its ptomain giving rise to 
colic, abdominal flatus. 

Bacteria are either sterilized or completely annihilated by 
the administration or application of either of the following rem- 
edies — peroxide of hydrogen, sulphur water ozonized, comp. 
tincture matricaria, acetic acid, which creates an alkaline secre- 
tion ; boroglyceride. 

The best illustration that could be given of the presence of 
bacteria, is that of gastric fever, which is so common among 
children; usually caused by eating or drinking articles which 
are indigestible, that offend, irritate or depress the stomach. 

It is ushered in with lassitude, chilliness, fever, violent head- 
ache, loss of appetite, great thrist, the very thick white coating 
on the tongue, nausea, vomiting, pain over region of stomach 
and abdomen, with constipation. 

Later on the tongue becomes dry and brown, fever high, 
pale face, cold extremities, vertigo, nausea or vomiting, 
splitting headache, fetid breath, vomiting, or else constant 
nausea, with disposition to vomit; debility increases. 

Treatment. — Emetic of wine of lobelia, followed by the neu- 
tralizing cordial to open the bowels ; aconite for fever, steam or 
stew wormwood in hops in vinegar, add dioxide of hydrogen 
and apply hot over the stomach and abdomen ; change fre- 
quently. 

Antiseptics should be commenced early and administered all 
through the case; small closes of nitromuriatic acid or ozone 
water are very beneficial. 

The diet for some time must be carefully guarded. 



BACTERICIDES VERSUS THE SKIN.— Collodion 
and solutions of gutta-percha have been quite extensively used 
for the purpose of keeping in close contact germicides to kill 
the various microbes on the cutaneous surface. 

More recently we have introduced gelatin in which an 
active bactericide is incorporated, a clean and convenient dress- 
ing, thus obviating the necessity for bandages or plaster to re- 
tain the application. It affords a most excellent means of ap- 
plying creolin, chrysarobin, resorcin, and other germicides. 
Thev are dissolved in definite proportions in a fluid state and 



Twentieth Century Practice. 83 

the applied by means of a brush. The mode of application and 
medicament are to be selected for each case. 

Formerly in such cases we were obliged to apply an ointment 
or plaster to any one part alone. This required time and skill, 
for when an ointment was applied to one part, before the other 
part was finished the former was rubbed off ; it was also neces- 
sary to bandage the entire body of the patient. This required 
time and skill, and annoyed the patient, and ointments always 
soil the underclothes, etc. By using the gelatin preparations, all 
inconveniences are avoided. Following this plan of treatment, 
these inconveniences are avoided. Following this plan of treat- 
ment, I have used other gelatin preparations with advantage — 
pyrogallic, naphthol (the active principle obtained from tar), 
iodoform, salicylic and carbolic acids. The mode of applying is 
the same as with other preparations. The patient, after having* 
been bathed in water, a heated solution of gelatin is applied 
to the parts with a small brush. As soon as it becomes dry, a 
small quantity of glycerin is applied to the surface to prevent 
coating from cracking or peeling off. This coating being 
transparent, allows you to see the progress of the treatment 
without removing it. In severe cases this procedure is to be re- 
peated every second day ; in milder ones it is sufficient to do so 
twice or thrice a week. These preparations can be applied by 
patients on themselves, and do not necessitate their being con- 
fined to a hospital or to their home. It is a clean preparation, 
can be easily removed, does not soil the clothes, or prevent 
motion when applied over a joint; it is not expensive, does not 
crack or peel off. It is prepared in the following manner : — 
Dissolve twelve and a half drams of dry white gelatin in 
twenty-five drams of distilled water by a water bath, and 
while stirring add goa powder, pyrogallic acid, naphthol, iodo- 
form, carbolic or salicylic acids, in whatever quantity necessary, 
allow it to cool, and the cake will take the form of the capsule 
in which it was prepared (a porcelain capsule is preferred). 
You can then direct the patient to take the necessary quantity, 
place it in a china saucer, apply heat to it, and when in a fluid 
state apply to the parts with a brush. It can be removed and 
re-applied as frequently as it is deemed advisable. 

BACTERURIA. — Whenever disease germs are present in 
the blood (pathogenic microbes), they are in the very nature of 
things liable to become engorged in the kidneys, where they" 
give rise to irritation and organic changes. Usually, the first. 



84 Twentieth Century Practice. 

symptom is the presence of albumin in the urine, with pain in 
the back and aching in the thighs. 

We see this in an early period and all through a case of scar- 
latina, where the germ literally blocks up the kidneys and gives 
rise to desquamative nephritis ; also in erysipelas, in which the 
micrococci give rise to great congestion and albumin. In 
cancer, syphilis and tubercula, the bacilli give rise to peculiar 
lesions through an inflammatory process, by the germ forming 
nests in the kidneys. 

No matter therefore what the character of the microbe may 
be, attention should in all cases be directed to the kidneys. 
They should be kept flushed with an active germicide, as the 
uric acid solvent, strophanthus, nitroglycerin. 



BALANITIS. — Consists of an irritation, inflammation, with 
a shining, glistening redness, or excoriation of the covering of 
the glans penis and inner aspect of the prepuce. Some call it 
balanitis when the glans only is affected, and balanitis-posthitis 
when both glans and internal lining membrane of prepuce are 
involved. The distinction is unnecessary and altogether un- 
called for, as the two conditions are essentially the same. 

Causes. — Excessive sebaceous secretions around corona 
glandis often gives rise to it in boys and virtuous young men, 
and causes anxiety, which ignorant or knavish physicians will 
magnify into something venereal, so as to extort a fee. 
Rubbing of clothes, chafing in hot weather, masturbation, a 
natural rankness in some women, will cause it in highly-or- 
ganized and susceptible men; catamenial discharge, and the 
venereal germs. From whatever cause it arises, it can be com- 
municated to the opposite sex by contact ; as the parts, whether 
dry or freely exuding muco-purulent matter, are freely covered 
or filled with the bacillus of smegma and bacteria. So, in 
dressing, the cleaning of vessels, destruction of dressing, use 
great cleanliness, especially about hands, lest any of the matter 
reaches the eye. 

Symptoms. — Heat, redness, itching about the glans. In 
some cases it is of a smooth, shining redness; in others, a 
muco-purulent discharge. On uncovering the glans, by draw- 
ing back the prepuce or foreskin, patches of redness and ex- 
coriations are perceived, with flakes of curd-like matter. If 
there be swelling of the foreskin, or if its sphincter fibres are 
irritated, it may be contracted, so that it cannot be drawn back 



Twentieth Century Practice. 85 

over the head of the penis, so that retraction is impossible, and 
then there is phimosis. There are many reasons why the fore- 
skin should he drawn back in cases of this kind ; there may be 
a perforating ulcer, a chancre, or an abscess, or mortification 
may be taking place ; bubo from the irritation may take place ; 
there may be a gonorrhea, or an indurated or infecting 
chancre. 

Vulvitis in women is an analogous affection. 

Treatment. — Draw the foreskin gently back, and apply a 
lotion of peroxid of hydrogen or one ounce of the ozonized 
tincture of echinacea to four water; or simply lime water 
reduced in strength by adding a little water to it. 

BALDNESS. — The head being the most elevated part of 
the body is most liable to become the seat of micro-organisms 
from the atmosphere. 

Baldness, or alopecia, as it is technically called, means loss 
of hair. It may be partial or general, temporal or permanent. 
It is best known in the form of calvities or senile baldness, 
which is one of the changes indicating general structural decay 
and advancing age. In some individuals the head becomes 
bald during middle life, and in others it is well covered by hairs 
even at a very old age. These differences depend upon two in- 
fluences : that of general health and strength of constitution, 
and that of hereditary peculiarities. In this form of baldness, 
whether due to senile or premature decay, the hairs first become 
gray and then white ; they no longer present their usual appear- 
ance, but are short, split, and very dry and crisp. The scalp at 
the same time becomes thin and tense. At last the white hairs 
are shed, and no others are formed ; complete baldness is then 
produced, and the thin scalp becomes smooth and shining. 
These changes always begin on, and are very often limited to 
the vertex of the head ; they are due to senile shrinking of the 
tissues of the scalp and obliteration of the follicles — those small 
depressions on the skin in which hair originates. Baldness has 
been observed in newly-born infants, although this form is very 
rare. The growth of the hair may be retarded for one or two 
years, or it may never take place. Of accidental baldness there 
are several varieties. The most common form, perhaps, is that 
general thinning which is caused by exhausting diseases, as, for 
instance, microbes of fevers, by bodily decay, and by great 
mental emotion. Some extensive thinning, or even total loss 
of hair, may be seen in children and young adults, apparently 



86 Twentieth Century Practice. 

in good health, and without any affection of the scalp to ac- 
count for this serious condition. It has been suggested that 
this early loss of hair may be due to failure of nervous power, 
or to cessation of the natural reproducing function of the hair- 
bulbs and hair-forming apparatus. . Accidental baldness is also 
very frequently produced by parasitic diseases of the scalp, 
such as favus and the different forms of tinea. According to 
the nature of the disease it is general or partial : in favus the 
whole scalp is affected, and in tinea decalvans there is complete 
baldness only over small circumscribed patches. Thinning of 
the hair is a symptom of venereal disease ; in some instances the 
patient becomes quite bald. This affection, however, is usually 
temporary, and the hair grows again after the course of the 
general disease has been averted by suitaable remedies. The 
congenital and senile varieties of baldness are not amenable 
either to local or general treatment. In the former class of 
cases, one must wait patiently until the formative organs of the 
hair are well developed, and in the latter class the loss of hair 
is to be regarded, like many other concurrent phenomena, as an 
inevitable result of advancing age. The application of stim- 
ulating washes only irritates the skin, and may do much mis- 
chief. In baldness, occurring during convalescence from fever 
or other exhausting maladies, the hair usually grows again as» 
the patient recovers. In cases where the hair becomes thin and 
loose in consequence of debility or want of tone, washing the 
scalp with tepid water and castile soap, and drying well and 
subsequently damping the hair and scalp with the Ozone Hair 
Restorer is most advantageous. 

Undoubtedly the best remedy to increase the growth of hair 
on the scalp is the tincture of oats thrice daily. 

BALSAMS. — A name given to natural vegetable substances, 
concrete or liquid, but odorous, somewhat bitter, piquant, com- 
posed of rosin, benzoic acid and as esential oil, which permits 
benzoic acid to be disengaged by the action of the heat ; readily 
dissolved in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether. Peru, tolu, ben- 
zoin, storax, llaretta, differ essentially in their composition 
and properties, but all are valuable microbicides, whether nat- 
ural or artificial. 

BANDAGES. — Bandages consist of strips of linen, calico, 
or flannel, of various breadths, from one to six inches, and of 
any length, from one to ten or twelve yards. The best material 



Twentieth Century Practice. 87 

is stout unbleached calico ; but a strip of sheeting, or strips of 
an old petticoat or dress are very serviceable. They should be 
rolled up firmly for use, as they are applied by unrolling them 
over the part to be bandaged. There are some few plain rules 
which ought to be attended to in the application even of the 
simplest bandage which can be used ; as the manner in which it 
is bound round the limb makes all the difference to the comfort 
of the patient. It will be found most convenient to hold the 
roller on the inner side of the limb (if it be a limb) to be 
bandaged, so that in case of the right side being operated on, 
the bandage is held in the operator's right hand, and vice versa, 
and for expedition in application the portion which is still un- 
wound should be underneath that which is being wound round 
the limb, in fact, that the bandage should form a sort of con- 
tinuous figure of eight. On first starting off, rather more than 
the circumference of the limb should be unwound and cast 
around the part, and the hand not employed in holding the 
bandage made to tuck the free end under the first complete turn. 
If this slight maneuvre be dexterously done, the bandage will 
never slip, unless purposely unwound. It is then lightly but 
firmly wound round the limb by a series of turns as far as re- 
quired. Now it is evident that, in the case of a well-shaped, 
muscular limb, this winding cannot be made evenly, as it will 
not lie flatly; the simple device of "reversing" is then em- 
ployed; it consists of taking a "turn" in its application, and 
bending it upon itself by changing the surface of the roller 
which is applied to the skin by making an acute angle or reverse 
at each turn, and giving it a sharp "twitch" at each. In ban- 
daging the arm or leg, it is best to commence with a few 
turns round the hand or foot first, whether it be for the reten- 
tion of splints or dressings. Bandages should always be ap- 
plied with an equable pressure throughout and not too tightly. 
Bandages, such as the above, may be rendered hard and strong 
by smearing their successive turns with gum, plaster of Paris, 
glue, paste, or white of egg, which speedily sets, serving the 
double purpose of bandage and splints. 

BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.— Wild indigo weed, an ozonized 
tincture best form for internal administration. It is an active 
microbicide, sterilizes, and annihilates disease germs in both the 
solids and fluids of the body; its range of action is most ex- 
tensive, wherever bioplasm is changed, altered, degraded into 
other living matter, hence its value in ulceration. 



88 Twentieth Century Practice. 

BARIUM SULPHURET.— Mixed with starch; and apply 
locally once. Hair depilatory. 

BATHS. — The body is made of cells ; they may be regarded 
as the material, the brick or stone, out of which the human 
1 'temple wherein a God may dwell" is constructed. This tene- 
ment in which the soul lives for a few short years has to un- 
dergo continual repairs, we sleep so that the worn-out cells can 
be taken up and replaced by new ones, which are continually 
being manufactured out of the food that we eat and of the air 
or oxygen which we breathe, and water is the vehicle which 
conveys the new material needed for repairs, and which re- 
moves the old worn-out tissues from the system. Water thus be- 
comes in the body, as it is in all nature, the great agent of 
purification, and since all disease is caused by, or in some way 
connected with, impurity, the uses or rationale of water as a 
remedial agent can be readily understood. 

The body is not only made of cells, but these cells are all so 
arranged as to form tubes. Even the bones and the hairs are 
composed entirely of tubes, in which there is a continual circu- 
lation, a constant flow of fluids, of which water is the principal 
part. The skin contains many millions of these tubes, and in 
a full grown man their united length, it has been carefully es- 
timated, would amount to not less than twenty-eight miles. 
Through these tubes not less than one pound or two pounds 
of matter pass daily from the body in the form of insensible 
perspiration. Bathing, oiling, and rubbing the skin keeps 
these little tubes open and active, and permits impurities to 
escape, which, if retained, would render the blood dark-colored 
and charge it with catarrhal phlegm, which would tend to 
retard the circulation, cause congestion, lay the foundation for 
consumption and many other forms of disease. 

Not only should we regularly bathe the surface of our bodies 
for the purpose of cleanliness, as above indicated, but the entire 
tubing of the whole body should be abundantly supplied with 
this natural agent of purification. 

Pure, ripe, juicy fruits furnish the best, most wholesome, 
and agreeable supply of water for the system, and there are few 
people who use a quarter as much fruit as a state of perfect 
health would indicate or demand ; but this fruit should be taken 
at, or form the principal part of, our meals, and never be eaten 
between meals, especially so if more than two regular meals are 
taken daily. Hot water drinking, which has amounted almost 



Twentieth Century Practice. 89 

to a mania in many places during the past few years, is nothing 
more nor less than internal bathing. Suppose the system is 
rilled with some form of impurity causing congestion and 
disease, the. patient drinks one, two, or even three quarts of 
water daily, as many do who visit the springs and watering- 
places. The same quantity of water must pass out of the 
system through the skin, kidneys, or some other emunctories 
of the body, and in no case does it pass out as pure water, but 
becomes loaded with effete matter which it takes up and expels. 

There are many people who go to great expense to visit these 
resorts, who would have been equally as much benefited, if not 
far more so, had they remained at home and practised daily 
bathing of their bodies, both internally and externally, by the 
use of this great natural therapeutic combined with sun-bath- 
ing, out-door exercise, rest, recreation, with abundance of 
oxygen in the form of pure, fresh air, by day and night. 

The remedial effects of bathing are generally underrated. 
This non-appreciation is oftener due to the improper manner 
in which it is performed than to an insufficiency of curative 
virtues. The term bathing, not only implies a cleansing of the 
body or certain portions of it, but also the application of water 
in such a manner as to influence the nervous sys- 
tem, and regulate the functions of the secretory organs. 
Cleanliness, while it preserves health and promotes recovery, 
considers only the hygienic influences of water, and overlooks 
its curative effects. 

The cold bath used at a temperature of from 30 degrees to 
60 degrees F., is powerfully sedative, and employed for its tonic 
effects. If the vital powers are low, or the individual remains 
in it too long (two or three minutes should be the limit), the 
reaction will be slow and its effects injurious. While it is 
highly invigorating to robust persons, its employment by those 
who have a low standard of vitality should be cautious. A 
local employment may be followed by beneficial results, when 
its general application would be inadmissible. For these rea- 
sons we advise the general use of the cold bath at a temperature 
of from 60 degrees to 75 degrees F. If, in any instance, 
the reaction is slow, we recommend the temperate bath, at a 
temperature of from 75 degrees to 80 degrees F. The time 
of remaining in the bath must be regulated by the strength of 
the invalid. As a rule it should not exceed three minutes, and 
the colder the water the less time should the patient be im- 
mersed. Immediately after emerging from any bath, the body 



90 Twentieth Century Practice. 

should be thoroughly dried, and rubbed with a moderately 
coarse towel until a glow is experienced and reaction is fully 
established. The attempt to toughen children by exposing 
them to low temperatures of either air or water, cannot be too 
emphatically condemned. This caution, however, does not 
apply to the employment of moderately cool water, for ablu- 
tions. The cold or cool bath should be taken in the early part 
of the day, but never during digestion. Whenever reaction 
does not follow bathing, artificial means must be resorted to, as 
stimulating drinks, dry warmth or exercise. 

The tepid bath, the temperature of which is from 85 degrees 
to 92 degrees F., is generally used for cleansing the body. It 
is prescribed in fevers and inflammatory affections for its cool- 
ing effects. It is usually medicated with some acid or alkali. 
The latter unites with the oily secretion of the skin and forms 
a soapy compound easily removed by the water. The tempera- 
ture should be regulated according to the vitality of the patient, 
and the bath may be repeated two or three times a day. It 
removes superfluous heat, and keeps the skin in a good condi- 
tion for excretion. 

The warm bath, at a temperature varying from 92 degrees 
to 98 degrees F., is always agreeable and refreshing. It 
equalizes the circulation and softens the skin, by removing all 
impurities. It moderates pain and soothes the whole system. 
It does not weaken or debilitate the person, but is in every way 
beneficial. It is an efficient remedial agent in many chronic 
diseases, convulsions, spasmodic affections, of the bowels, rup- 
ture, rheumatism, and derangement of the urino-genital organs. 
It should be employed immediately before retiring, unless 
urgent symptoms demand it at other times. It may be medi- 
cated or not, as circumstances require, but should always be 
taken in a warm room. 

The hot bath, at a temperature of from 98 degrees to no 
degrees F., is a powerful stimulant. It excites the nerves, 
and through them the entire system. It causes a sense of heat 
and a constriction of the secretory organs; but perspiration, 
languor and torpor soon follow. In the sudden retrocession of 
cutaneous diseases, it restores the eruptions to the surface and 
insures speedy relief. The hot bath may be applied locally 
when circumstances require. 

Medicated Baths. — Any of the above baths may be medi- 
cated by the addition of drugs, or by the use of sea or mineral 
waters, according to the disease from which the patient is 



Twentieth Century Practice. 91 

suffering. In syphilis the sulphur vapor bath is very valuable. 
Sea baths are stimulating and invigorating. Brine baths are 
valuable in cases of chronic rheumatism. 

The following rules may be regarded as applicable to all 
cases, but more especially so to invalids and all who are not 
possessed of robust health and vital energy : — 

1. Never bathe just before or immediately after eating; 
a full bath should not be taken less than an hour before, and 
two or three hours after, partaking of a hearty meal. 

2. Before taking a cold bath, always see that the feet are 
made warm by hot water, by the fire, or by exercise, but do 
not become fatigued before bathing, which might prevent a 
reaction. 

3. Avoid drinking cold water or becoming chilled before 
taking any cold bath. While taking a hot bath cold water may 
be supped freely, but in most cases, hot water is preferable, 
especially if the object of the bath is to produce perspiration. 

4. After bathing, the whole body should be rubbed with 
the hand, using a very little oil ; three parts olive and one part 
each of cajeput, sassafras, and wintergreen, flavored with oil of 
cedar or to suit the fancy, makes a good mixture. 

5. Care should be taken not to allow the' feet to become 
cold or to become chilled after bathing. Patients, if not able 
to exercise after bathing, should be warmly covered up in bed 
for an hour or two. 

6. Persons who are naturally delicate, and all invalids 
who are feeble and debilitated, should carefully avoid all very 
cold, very hot, very long, or unpleasant baths, especially severe 
shocks of shower or douche baths. 

7. Local baths taken by sitting in a bath tub or common 
wash tub tipped over on one edge, with only a pailful of warm, 
cool, or cold water in it, with the feet in a pail filled with hot 
water, taken as often as once or twice a day. using at the same 
time a weak solution of the sulphite of soda, as an injection, 
will cure one of woman's worst complaints when all the doctor's 
drugs are unavailing. 

8. A wet bandage made out of an old sheet or two or three 
yards of cotton flannel, one half wet in hot, cool, or cold water 
and wrapped about the hips at bedtime, surrounded with the 
dry part to protect the bedding, has cured the worst cases of 
seminal and female weakness, of spermatorrhea and leukor- 
rhea, after a few weeks' or months' trial, in cases where all 
other remedies failed to benefit. 



92 Twentieth Century Practice. 

9. Whatever the form of bath, when taken regularly, it 
should be omitted once or twice a week, and the temperature 
of the bath should be carefully regulated ; where a tonic effect 
is desired, the less heat the better, always avoiding any very 
disagreeable sensations. 

10. Particular attention should be paid to the temperature 
of the bathing room, and also to the ventilation. For invalids, 
the temperature should be about 75 degrees. 

BED SORES. — Sores which form on the bodies of patients 
who have been confined to bed for long periods, and who have 
been unable to change their positions occasionally. They are 
liable to occur after any long debilitating illness, such as 
typhoid fever. The parts generally affected are the prominent 
parts of the spine. First an area of redness appears, then the 
inflammation becomes more acute, and, finally, an ulcer forms. 
Bed sores are in many cases preventable by careful nursing, 
but in others they appear to be due to some trophic nervous dis- 
turbance, and are not preventable. In all cases of severe sick- 
ness the back and prominent parts of the body exposed to pres- 
sure should be examined daily, and washed with a little spirit 
lotion. When the redness appears the bathing with spirit 
should be followed by a dusting with oxide of zinc powder. 
When the ulcer has once formed it is hard to cure. It should 
be kept perfectly clean, and dressed daily with either resin or 
zinc ointment. In all bed-ridden cases, besides the above treat- 
ment, a water or air bed should be provided as soon as the 
slightest redness appears, for in this way the weight of the body 
is more evenly distributed, and undue pressure does not come 
upon any one particular part. As a general rule, bed sores are 
a result of neglect and bad nursing. As a rule they are more 
likely to occur in the aged, debilitated, paralyzed, or in those 
suffering from fevers — whenever the blood is vitiated, circu- 
lation retarded, constitutional powers feeble. Pressure, un- 
cleanness and moisture hasten their appearance. 

As a preventive, sprinkle on all parts liable to pressure anti- 
microbe powder freely. Observe rigid sanitary measures, 
patient clean and dry, when practicable change position, keep 
extremities warm, assist circulation in exposed parts. 

BILE. — A peculiar viscid, greenish, or yellowish-brown, 
bitter-tasting fluid secreted in the liver, from which it passes 
into the gall-bladder and then on into the small intestines. It 



Twentieth Century Practice. 93 

bears an important part in the phenomena and processes which 
are associated with digestion. It has a slight action in con- 
verting starch into sugar. It emulsifies and saponifies fats, 
rendering them more easily assimilated, and assists in their 
absorption. It stimulates the passage of food along the in- 
testines and prevents putrefactive changes. About fifty ounces 
are secreted by the liver in twenty-four hours. When, owing 
to liver disease, gall-stones, etc., there is an obstruction to the 
flow of bile through the bile ducts, the bile collects and passes 
into the blood, giving rise to the symptom called jaundice. 

BITUMINOUS COAL.— A ton of this yields about one 
hundred and fifty pounds of gas tar; in olden times a waste 
product, that surpassed its uselessness only by its offensiveness, 
but to-day is the source whence nearly all the synthetical 
remedies are derived, aniline and phenol, the output of which 
is colossal. 

It furnishes antipyrin, acetalinda, exalgin, ammonal, asparol, 
carbolic acid, creolin, izal, diuretin, dulcin, euphorin, hypnol, 
malarin, naphthalin, phenacetin, salol, sulphonal, trional, hylene 
and a host of others, to meet every ache and pain of the in- 
corrigible Yankee. 

It is made to provide us with nearly all the essential oils, 
cassia, gaultheria, almonds, creosote, vanilla ; also many gums, 
as camphor, thymol, menthol, paraffin and saccharin, a sub- 
stance 300 times sweeter than sugar. 

The chemical genealogy of all synthetical complex com- 
pounds, atoms and molecules show them to be related to aniline 
and phenol, and when any one is prescribed as a remedy, it is 
directly destructive to the red corpuscles of the blood, causes 
cyanosis and dyspnea; thromboses in the large blood-vessels, 
paralysis of the heart, grave lesions of the gray and white 
matter of the brain and cord. 

The rapid and apparently endless production of these toxical 
and dangerous remedies is bewildering to the profession, de- 
structive to human life. 

It is a remarkable fact that the toxins of the pneumococcus 
produce the same pathological condition of the blood, a destruc- 
tion of the red corpuscles, embolism, cyanosis, the same kind 
of paralysis of the heart muscle, as is produced by administer- 
ing antipyrin and phenacetin, two of the leaders of the syn- 
thetical group. 

On the ground of a common humanity these preparations 



94 Twentieth Century Practice. 

should be eliminated from the legitimate practice of the heal- 
ing art. 

BLACK WILLOW BARK.— This remedy, whether it be 
administered in the form of an extract, or applied locally in 
the shape of a bougie or suppository, is a vitalizing tonic, as- 
tringent and sedative to the generative organs of both sexes 
— a valuable remedy to restore tone and vigor to debilitated 
parts. 

Specially indicated in all devitalized states of the testes and 
seminal ducts, whether there be a leakage or oozing of semen 
either by day or night, or at stool, with or without erection. 

Of extreme efficacy when the brain and spinal cords are shat- 
tered, chaotic, when the semen is thin, rank, infertile and passed 
off on the slightest excitement. 

It is generally conceded that spermatorrhea or loss of semen 
is due either to masturbation, perversion of the sexual act, con- 
gress with harlots, incompatibility, gonorrhea, fissure of the 
anus, ascarides, rectal ulcer, contraction of prepuce and like 
causes; but there is another latent cause in which we have a 
discharge at stool, large quantities of a glairy, tenacious fluid ; 
true it is not all an evacuation of semen, great part of it is from 
the prostate, nevertheless there are many spermatozoa blended 
through it as it comes from the seminal vesicles. Such cases 
demand immediate attention ; a course of the ozonized extract 
of black willow meets every indication ; give it orally ; use both 
bougie and suppository; push it before it ripens up into some 
cerebral affection, before it drains away the nervo-vital fluid 
upon which the brain rests. 

This preparation of black willow orally, by bougie and sup- 
pository, controls every case of spermatorrhea where physical 
and mental weakness is the prevailing or leading symptom. 

Ozonized extract of black willow bark will cure all cases of 
spermatorrhea, but it is often necessary to aid its action ; for ex- 
ample, if there be violent, painful erections, a tendency to 
spasmodic stricture, seminal plethora, several emissions in a 
night, green root tincture of gelsemium and ozonized passiflora 
extract should be adminstered with a liberal hand freely to 
obtain the object aimed at — a quiescent state of the genital 
tract. 

Gelsemium and passiflora for rest. 

Prostatic catarrh, when present, requires ichthyol and boro- 
glyceride suppositories in addition. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 95 

Constipation must be overcome by small doses of the kola nut 
paste. 

Case recovers with partial impotency, protonuclein, c. p. 
solution, spermin and matricaria. 

Strict attention to bathing, clothing ; plain, nutritious food. 

General directions : bowels must be opened once daily, black 
willow to the extent of from a half to one teaspoonful thrice 
daily; a suppository and bougie of black willow should be in- 
serted every night and retained. 

Spermatorrhea can be cured; if neglected, it will, in time, 
give rise to structural change, either in the genito-urinary tract 
or in other vital organs, giving rise to impotence, paralysis, 
tuberculosis. Impotence dependent on disease of the spinal 
cord and brain brought about by spermatorrhea may be bene- 
fited, often cured only on well-defined principles; steady per- 
severance in a rational plan of constructive treatment. 

Spermatorrhea, incontinence of semen, whether it be noc- 
turnal, diurnal, or in the urine, is but an evidence of debility — 
or it might be explained as a motor neurosis of the sexual ap- 
paratus, with spasm of the muscular coat of the seminal 
vesicles, and when it exists sometimes paresis of the ejacula- 
tory ducts takes place, then an oozing or weeping all the time. 

Associated with this genital ability, or irritability, there is 
invariably a central neurosis in the reproductive centre in the 
brain and spinal cord. The prevalence of seminal incontinence 
among our young men is eighty out of one hundred are af- 
fected. This exceeding high rate is due to exalted vascular 
tension of the uro-genital system, produced either by masturba- 
tion, sexual excesses, withdrawal, venereal diseases, bicycle 
riding, the perusal of immoral works of fiction, degrading 
amusements, or incompatibility in married life. 

For the prompt and effective cure of spermatorrhea the pro- 
ducing causes must be removed, dietetic, hygienic rules laid 
down, and a suitable quantity of the ozonized extract of black 
willow bark administered at proper intervals, so as to get the 
system thoroughly under its astringent anesthetic effect. As 
this remedy has no deleterious action, but is a bracing tonic, 
it may be with much benefit taken for an indefinite period — 
months, year. 

When pursuing the internal use of this remedy a salix nigra 
suppository should be inserted into the rectum before retir- 
ing, the affected individual eating lightly of his evening meal, 
sleeping carefully on his right side. 



96 Twentieth Century Practice. 

If the prostrate urethra is tender to the insertion of a me- 
tallic bougie, or the prostate gland sensitive to a digital ex- 
amination per rectum, then a few drops of the green root tinc- 
ture of gelsemium should be taken while retiring. Some in- 
dividuals are very susceptible to this drug and require only 
a few drops added to water, while another class may require 
as much as thirty or forty drops to be effective. 

There has been much foolish prattle regarding this me- 
dicament by a set of ignorant charlatans. Suffice it to say 
that our green root tincture is prepared from the fresh root in 
Florida. When you find it not acting as a true genital sedative 
in doses of ten or fifteen drops, better, rather than increase 
it, to add to it thirty drops of the ozonized tincture of passi- 
flora incarnata. Then a definite action is the result. 

If, in spite of all these remedies, there still exist a slight 
oozing or weeping, then in addition to the treatment already 
laid down a salix nigra soluble bougie should be inserted and 
retained until completely dissolved and partly absorbed. 

The erroneous method of treating spermatorrhea by the 
bromide of potass must be eliminated from practice. It is a. 
drug essentially destructive to reproductive vitality, destroys 
cellular growth, gives rise to a shrinkage of the testes, atrophy- 
of the cord, a blight to the brain. 

Once a case of spermatorrhea is cured a selection from one 
or two of the following remedies will be found of great 
efficacy in reconstructing the weakened genital organs; proto- 
nuclein, kephalin granules, c. p. solution of spermin, matri- 
caria. 

BLADDER. — The bladder is the receptacle for some of 
the waste products of the body which are usually floated off 
in the urine. 

In all deviations from health, pathogenic microbes and their 
toxins are found here in abundance. 

Modern methods, the great prevalence of gonorrhea, mas- 
turbation, sexual excesses, perversion of the sexual act, bicycle 
exercise, the heating of motor cars underneath the seat, and 
then the lumbar portion of the body being exposed to cold, 
uric acid diathesis, the introduction of catheters, etc., all act 
disastrously on the prostate and bladder, and are liable to 
give rise to irritation, inflammation, continence or inconti- 
nence of urine, and the evolution of the micrococci urea. 

In all conditions of partial death of the bladder these mi- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 97 

crobes, the micrococci urea, are abundant in both urine and 
on the walls of the bladder, and aid in the aggregation of 
solid products into calculi, in the formation of fungi and other 
morbid conditions. 

The increasing prevalence of genito-urinary trouble im- 
peratively calls upon the profession to exercise more care in 
the diagnosis of all bladder trouble, at least a cystoscopical 
examination in all cases — especially in those of difficult or 
frequent micturition, with or without hemorrhage, with or 
without micrococci urea, and look out for mould or fungi ; 
and if found inject the bladder with the following: 

Distilled water 98 degrees F., four ounces; ozonized oil of 
thuja, from thirty to sixty drops. Mix, which will effectually 
"kill all fungi. 

Cystitis. — The causation of either acute or chronic 
inflammation of the bladder is quite elaborate and varied, 
embracing mechanical violence, urine loaded with the toxins 
of disease germs, the metastasis of the bacillus amylobacta, 
the gonococcus, overdistention, deficient power to expel the 
last drop of urine, and evolution of the micrococcus urea, 
which sets up decomposition, and carbonate of ammonia is 
produced, which adds considerable irritation, and with the 
precipitation of the earthy and triple phosphates, active in- 
flammation is set up. 

The diagnosis is easy. The frequent and painful micturi- 
tion, accompanied with tenesmus of the bladder. The pain at 
first local, pelvic, perineal, radiates to the umbilicus, breast, 
loins. The urine, at first pale, of a low specific gravity, acid, 
becomes alkaline, turbid from blood, mucus, pus, micrococcus 
urea and precipitation of phosphates, and if permitted to 
progress it may extend up the ureter to the kidneys and renal 
abscess result. The bladder itself may take on diphtheric or 
gangrenous deposit. 

Once recognized, early and prompt treatment. 

Administer internally just as large doses as can be toler- 
ated of the green root tincture of gelsemium .and passiflora 
incarnata, and inject bladder every two or three hours, ac- 
cording to the urgency, with a warm saturated solution of 
"boroglyceride, enemata of the same. Administer periodate 
aurum in doses four to six grains every three hours, to have a 
free portal circulation maintained. Four ounces of linseed 
tea, in which one teaspoonful of the uric acid solvent is in- 
corporated every three hours. Moist heat over bladder. To 



98 Twentieth Century Practice. 

relieve the severe pain and tenesnus gelsemium and passi- 
flora, with a cocain suppository, every three hours, works 
wonders; most efficacious. 

The washing out of the bladder at stated intervals is of the 
greatest value — fountain syringe, gravity being the injecting 
force, together with rest. 

Acute and chronic cystitis are terms employed to denote the 
intensity and duration of an inflammatory process rather than, 
the character of the lesion present. 

Modern thought, scientific research, enables us to state that 
in all its varied phases cystitis is simply a local bladder infec- 
tion by bacterial germs. Normal urine is an aseptic fluid, 
characterized by the absence of septic germs, while cystitis is- 
always associated with the presence of septic organisms in 
greater or less abundance. 

Impaired vitality of the bladder offers a favorable soil for 
the evolution of the micrococci urea and other organisms pos- 
sessing pyogenic powers. 

There is probably no organ in the body exposed to such 
varied and intense depressing influences as the urinary blad- 
der, hence the etiological factors which favor evolution and 
infection are retention of urine from exposure to cold and 
wet, reflex irritation, deep gonorrhea, stricture of the urethra, 
prostatitis; calculus, morbid growths, sexual excesses, gout, 
paraplegia, whatever be the etiological factors in any case of 
inflammation of the bladder, there is always present frequent 
micturition, pain and fever; symptoms vary much acccording- 
to the intensity of the disease and sensitiveness of the organ. 
In the acute form, the desire to micturate is continuous — 
increased by standing and walking; is relieved by rest. Pain 
is variable in intensity, urine highly ammoniacal, loaded with 
micrococcus urea and its toxin, extremely sensitive to the 
rectal touch. Hematuria is the rule, sometimes merely a few 
drops; in other cases considerable; increased by exercise; re- 
lieved by recumbent position. 

Independent, of causes, large or frequent small doses of the 
green root tincture of gelsemium, until its physiological effects 
are obtained acts magically in mitigating its prominent symp- 
toms; maintain its action for a few days, beginning with the 
uric acid solvent and immediate amelioration takes place. A 
four ounce warm injection of a solution of ozonized boro- 
glyceride.to which is added thirty grains of jelly of violets,, 
let it be retained a few minutes, promptly causes all inflamma- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 99 

tory symptoms to subside, add to this a cocain suppository in 
rectum; a bladder once the object of vital depression is liable 
to a recurrence. 

For prolonged use in chronic cystitis, with the micrococcus 
urea; we may set aside all that class of vegetable diuretic, as- 
tringent, such as buchu, uva ursi, queen of the meadows, and 
grasp more efficient remedies, such as the uric acid solvent, 
and the ozonized tincture of lycopodium. This latter remedy 
has a special action on the walls of the bladder, in toning and 
astringing; it kills the micrococcus urea, relieves spasmodic 
retention of urine. Take it all in all, it is our best remedy in 
vesical catarrh. Besides, if such conditions exist, as constipa- 
tion, enteritis, chronic bronchial catarrh, or any cutaneous 
affection, its use effects a speedy cure. 

The dose of lycopodium curative in catarrh of the bladder 
is from ten to thirty drops, added to a glass of water thrice 
daily. A boroglyceride suppository invariably affords prompt 
relief in all cases. 

In inflammation of the bladder the prevention of the de- 
composition of the urine and the evolution of the micrococcus 
urea is the most important point in treatment, as the toxin 
of the micro-organism increases the vesical irritation, aug- 
ments the inflammation, thus favors the elaboration of more 
muco-purulent material for septic organisms. Recently, with 
the green root tincture of gelsemium, I have been prescribing 
mistura llaretta with fifteen-drop doses of apiol, one tea- 
spoonful of the llaretta. I have found that these three reme- 
dies have a remarkable effect in all cases of vesical catarrh, 
so much so that muco-purulent matter, the breeding pond of 
the micrococcus, is at once wiped out. Given in tubercular 
cystitis, three doses per day, it operates admirably in a notable 
diminution in the number of bacteria as well as in the suf- 
fering. 

Ozonized Oil of Thuja Occidentals. — This remedy, 
administered both locally and internally, has demonstrated 
itself to be a most remarkable germicide. 

Many eminent cancer specialists use it with success in the 
cure of malignant disease. 

This oil, given internally, or painted over warts, genital or 
otherwise, is a most effective treatment, being preferable to all 
others, there being no risk of infection or excoriation. 

In cystitis from any cause, the urine literally loaded with 
the micrococcus urea ; if five drops of this oil, added to water, 

LofC. 



ioo Twentieth Century Practice. 

be given every two hours, the germs promptly disappear, re- 
covery is rapid. Administered internally with care and persist- 
ence, its action is most thorough and efficient as a germicide, 
that it will kill the micrococci of variola at any stage of its ex- 
istence. 

Rarely do we meet with inflammation of the bladder 
dependent upon conditions which directly affect its 
vitality. More generally it is but a symptom of the toxin of 
some disease germ, such as malaria, rheumatism, papilloma. 
Within a single decade the management of this system has 
risen from the plane of empiricism. This change has come 
about chiefly as a result of investigation of its causes, includ- 
ing the identification of the role which bacteria play, and of 
improved instruments for direct inspection. Many of the 
causes which were formerly considered as prime factors in the 
production of this disease are now relegated to their proper 
places as predisposing conditions. All forms of cystitis are 
now traceable to pathogenic bacteria as the direct exciting 
cause. Alkalinity of urine depends upon the action of certain 
bacteria, notably proteus vulgaris, or micrococcus urea in the 
decomposition of urea. The bacillus coli communis is a germ 
which frequently causes cystitis, but as it does not decompose 
the urea, the urine does not become alkaline. In many cases 
of cystitis, perhaps the majority, the urine is not alkaline, but 
acid. If it becomes alkaline, it is frequently due to secondary 
infection of the bladder. The diagnosis should not only de- 
termine the character of the infection of the bladder, but, what 
is of more importance, it must thoroughly identify the char- 
acter and source of the inflammation. Simple and uncom- 
plicated inflammation of the bladder is rare. The endoscope 
and cystoscope are valuable agents in diagnosis and in guid- 
ing to a correct treatment the toxin of malaria, if it be due to 
the hematuria is usually so great that there is little use in wash- 
ing out the bladder, but great results are obtained by the 
administration of concentrated kurchicin and the cocain sup- 
pository. If rheumatism be the cause, the internal exhibition 
of the uric acid solvent, with gelsemium, and a boroglyceride 
suppository every three hours. If due to papilloma, wash out 
the bladder with a solution of the oil of thuja every other day, 
besides use thrice daily a cocain suppository. According 
to this mode of treatment we effect results. 

For localized cystitis our most valuable agents are green 
root tincture of gelsemium. Warm solutions of boroglyceride 
as injections, together with the cocain suppository. 



Twentieth Century Practice. ioi 

Chronic cystitis and the evolution of the micrococcus 
urea in the bladder of elderly men, arising from enlargement 
of the prostate, acts very much like a stricture. The indica- 
tions for treatment are, the bladder must be completely emp- 
tied at proper intervals of time, and the micrococcus urea com- 
pletely annihilated. 

If the hypertrophy be excessive, natural evacuation may be 
impossible; then catheterization with a double-current cath- 
eter, so that when the urine is drawn a warm solution of boro- 
glyceride can be passed and permitted to flow off. 

If the patient be placed upon the boroglyceride and ichthyol 
suppository, one every two hours alternately, and small doses 
of tincture of gelsemium and passiflora, these remedies exer- 
cise such a blighting effect upon the prostate, when enlarged, 
that the patient will soon be able to lay aside all catheters and 
urinate spontaneously. 

Papilloma of the bladder presents nothing special at the 
outset, unless it be a little undue frequency of micturition, 
which is probably the only sign which excites suspicion. But 
early in the progress of the papilloma, or all villous growths, 
there is an important sign, characteristic of it, throughout its 
entire course, and common to most other tumors at a later 
period, namely, the appearance of blood in the urine. Hem- 
orrhage occurs after exercise, much more abundant than what 
would come from the presence of a calculus, and it is unac- 
companied with pain and irritation of the bladder. As the 
papilloma increases in size, hemorrhage becomes more pro- 
fuse; still pain is absent. A microscopic examination of the 
urine will reveal the characteristic appearance of papillomatous 
structure and the presence of a fungus. 

Better still, a cystoscopic examination, or the injection into 
the bladder of a few drops of the oil of thuja in distilled water, 
as described under the article Bladder Trouble. 

The bladder should, in all cases, be washed out with a tepid 
solution of boroglyceride ; an examination made with a sound, 
which reveals a soft, flimsy tissue, springing from a thick 
base. On those outgrowths, papoid or trypsin has a well-de- 
fined action as solvents. 

The papilla is simply a slender fold or extension of the 
mucous membrane, not an adventitious tissue, and, as such, 
can be dissolved by the aid of either agent. 

The method to adopt is to wash out the bladder daily with 
either a weak solution of boroglyceride or peroxide of hydro- 



102 Twentieth Century Practice. 

gen ; after this has been permitted to remain about ten minutes, 
it should be either passed or drawn off, then a No. 3 catgut 
bougie coated up to the thickness of a No. 12 with the papoid 
or trypsin plant. 

This procedure is most effective in obtaining a thorough 
eradication of those growths, and an excellent cure without 
the risk of any operative procedure. 

All civilized men with a well-developed great sympathetic, 
when they reach the time of life between fifty and sixty years 
of age, commence to feel degenerative changes, first in irrita- 
bility of the prostate gland at the neck of the bladder, drag- 
ging sensation in the back, loins, thighs, seminal weakness and 
impotency, and seminal losses; as the seminal ducts pass 
through the body of the prostate and seminal vesicles lie be- 
hind the bladder, the latter organ invariably becomes impli- 
cated. An irritable prostate gives to the lining or mucous 
coat of the bladder the same condition, but which may be in- 
tensified by walking, blows, falls, cold, exposure, rheumatism, 
uric acid, stricture, gleet, straining, sexual excesses, mastur- 
bation. When the bladder is thus involved pain over the or- 
gan, incessant desire to urinate, dribbling, suppression, very 
high colored deposits, urine muco-purulent, in which there is 
an evolution of the micrococcus urea, the toxins of which in- 
tensify all the distressing symptoms. 

In such cases our readers will find the administration of the 
ozonized uric acid solvent in alternation with green root tinc- 
ture of gelsemium most effectual. If not immediate relief add 
passiflora, which intensifies the action of the gelsemium amaz- 
ingly. 

Ambrosia orientalis, in suppository form, is an invaluable 
remedy in these cases, once the distress is relieved. Matri- 
caria is a most efficacious tonic, alternating with the c. p. solu- 
tion of spermin. 

Constructive treatment in all cases is attended with the 
best results. 

Spasm of the Bladder. — All muscular structures are 
liable to attacks of spasmodic action ; the bladder having such 
a coat is frequently affected with spasm. Spasmodic attacks 
are accompanied with great pain, as well as contraction. 

Causes. — The presence of a stone in the bladder ; disease of 
the rectum or uterus ; abscess of kidney ; an inordinate amount 
of uric acid ; ulceration of the walls of bladder ; disease of 
prostate gland; excessive sexual congress; hysteria; the use 



Twentieth Century Practice. 103 

of drastic diuretics or emmenagogues, as oil of turpentine, 
juniper, cantharides, savin. 

Symptoms. — Severe pain in the lower part of the abdomen, 
extending to urethra. There is either continence or inconti- 
nence, or dribbling of urine. The difficulty is not so great 
when the urine flows involuntarily; when there is retention, 
with urgent desire to micturate, and tenesmus, with inability 
to do so, suffering is great. If allowed to continue, may ter- 
minate fatally. 

Our best remedies are large doses of the green root tincture 
of gelsemium alternate with belladonna. Copius warm injec- 
tions, medicated with the hydro-alcoholic tincture of lobelia, 
and as soon as passed a cocain suppository every three hours. 
These remedies when energetically pushed afford prompt re- 
lief. 

Irritable Bladder. — Irritability of the bladder is said to 
exist when there is an unnaturally frequent desire to pass 
urine. 

It may arise from organic disease of the spinal cord, kid- 
neys, bladder, prostate gland, or urethra; vascular tumors in 
the female urethra; pressure of the gravid uterus; irritation 
of piles, or intestinal worms ; presence of a tumor or stone in 
the bladder; catarrh and ulceration of bladder; acid urine, or 
functional derangement of the kidneys, bladder, stomach; and 
to shock to sympathetic nerve, and irritation of adjacent or- 
gans. 

Symptoms. — The desire to micturate comes on suddenly, 
frequently, and irresistibly ; urine may have to be passed every 
fifteen minutes — an inability to resist the desire; if attempted, 
great uneasiness or aching pain. The total amount of urine 
passed in the twenty-four hours very rarely increases in quan- 
tity; bladder diminishes in size; the general health begins to 
suffer. 

Treatment. — If possible, remove the cause, and in order to 
do that the urine must be examined to see if it is acid or alka- 
line; if loaded with urates, or phosphates, or oxalates; or if it 
contain albumin, or pus, or sugar, or any morbid material, 
and disease traced to its origin, which remove. Patient's 
bathing, diet and drink regulated to nature of malady at the 
base of difficulty. Alteratives and tonics, irrespective of 
cause, changed weekly, and persevered with; suppositories of 
cocain every night. Then try special drugs to act on the 
nerves of the bladder. Green root tincture gelsemium in al- 
ternation with passiflora. 



104 Twentieth Century Practice. 

BLINDNESS, COLOR.— An inability to discriminate be- 
tween certain colors is a condition that seems to be coming 
more common, and is of especial interest to the general public 
as regards an avoidance of accident by excluding affected 
persons from the offices of engine-drivers, signalmen, pilots, 
and it is fortunate the class of individuals affected rarely seek 
such employment. Quakers are much affected with it, so are 
Jews. In the former it is brought about by a marked charac- 
teristic, a general coalescence of the typical fissures of the 
brain, induced by monotony, sameness, isolation; a condition 
often present in insanity, epilepsy and other low types of the 
human brain; in the latter class relationship or consanguinity 
wipes out the mental characteristics and obliterates the convo- 
lutions. This in-and-in breeding, as well as solitariness, pre- 
disposes to suicidal mania and causes color blindness. 

Among the remarkable phenomena connected with vision 
is that of an inability to distinguish certain colors and shades 
of color. People are color blind when their retina will not 
perceive some of the rays of light. Light is made up of three 
primary colors, and these, when overlapping in the spectrum, 
are known as the colors of the rainbow. When mixed, white 
light is produced. Now each color has a different velocity, 
light being supposed to be made up of imponderable particles 
traveling at a vast speed through space. The eye can only 
see those colors which have a certain velocity, and in ordinary 
persons these colors are red, blue, and yellow, with their com- 
pounds — green (blue and yellow), orange (red and yellow), 
and purple or violet (red and blue). In some cases the retina 
may not be able to see one or other of these colors. The blu- 
ish tinge seen in solutions of quinine and horse-chestnut is 
called fluorescence, and is due to the fact that extra rays of the 
spectrum are then made visible to the human eye. 

The average per cent of color blindness among any given 
people will depend upon the preponderance among them of 
Friends and Jews, or persons who possess the same charac- 
teristics. It always diminishes as we ascend the social or edu- 
cational scale. Among deaf mutes the percentage is even 
greater than the two classes mentioned. Intermarriage is 
not only a great factor, but the same law extends to temper- 
ment and races. Intermarriage not only creates the defect, 
but aggravates it, causing the most intractable form, which is 
red blindness. There is also to be found an unusually high 
average of color defects among the children of either fathers 



Twentieth Century Practice. 105 

or mothers who work among colors. Trades requiring great 
concentration of sight, as engraving and watchmaking, seem 
to bring it about. Women are equally affected with men. The 
average percentage in people of low civilization or culture is 
great ; among deaf mutes ten per cent, and among Friends and 
Jews about six per cent. 

Color blindness is a defect which is quite compatible with 
perfect vision in other respects. Color blindness is found 
to exist in three forms : 

1. Inability to distinguish any color, properly so called — 
black or white, or light and shade. 

2. Inability to distinguish between nicer shades of more 
composite colors, as brown, gray, and neutral tints. 

3. Inabilty to distinguish between primary colors — red, blue, 
yellow; or secondary and tertiary colors, as green, purple, 
orange. 

In the latter form there is a defective appreciation of all 
colors. Little good results from any treatment, and as there 
is about one per cent of the entire population affected, care 
should be exercised by railroad officials, pilot boards, etc., that 
no affected person be employed, so as to avoid serious acci- 
dents. 

BLISTERS, OR VESICANTS.— Medicinal substances 
which, when applied to the skin, irritate it, and cause a collec- 
tion of serous fluid under the cuticle, thus giving rise to a 
blister. The chief are — cantharides, croton oil, strong am- 
monia, mustard, and boiling water. They are used as counter- 
irritants; that is, to excite inflammatory action away from a 
part not within the reach of direct treatment. They should 
be applied during all stages of vital depression, and should not 
be left on for too long a time, as they are apt to cause 'great 
depression, and, in the case of cantharides, distressing bladder 
symptoms. 

Recent pathological teaching says useful to promote a re- 
newal of life in a devitalized part, to excite a growth of leu- 
kocytes. 

BLOOD. — This fluid is the great pasture field for all disease 
germs, and scientific investigators have now their attention 
directed to microscopical and spectroscopic examination of 
that fluid. Valuable facts, thus far, have been elucidated. 
The micro-organisms of cancer, syphilis and tubercle are defi- 



io6 Twentieth Century Practice. 

nitely settled. The brain, the great sympathetic, all the com- 
plicated mechanism of nerve nutrition, support the belief that 
the disease germ, the "vibrios," is the degraded bioplasm of 
primary nerve molecules — that that germ is present in the 
blood in all stages or degrees of poverty of nerve force in all 
nervous diseases, from epilepsy to the most aggravated types 
of insanity. That all nervous diseases, as a result, are pre- 
eminently contagious and infectious — that during the exacer- 
bation of any nervous affection, as the fit of epilepsy, the 
paroxysyms of mania, the germs are literally crowded in the 
blood. This can be easily tested by drawing blood from the 
neck with an ordinary cupping glass. 

This teaches us the great value of such germicides as the 
glycerite of kephalin, phosphated tincture of oats, ozone 
water in all states or conditions of depreciated nerve force. 

The Blood is the Life. — A fair average of the number 
of red corpuscles of the blood in a healthy individual of aver- 
age, size and weight is 5,000,000; the hemoglobulin is from 
thirteen to fourteen per cent. 

No known remedy increases the number of red corpuscles 
in the animal organism so effectually as ozone, the great scav- 
enger of germ-laden blood. 

The next in succession is the cacodylate of sodium, whose 
action is irresistible in causing a marvelous increase of highly 
vitalized corpuscles. Protonuclein is next in efficacy. 

Anemia is the product of action of the ptomains of nearly 
all microbes upon that vital fluid; ozone is the great remedy 
in all states in which the blood is depreciated, as in the conva- 
lescent stages of all severe illness from any malady. 

BLOOD-POISONING. — Pyemia, septicemia u and blood- 
poisoning are terms used synonymously to denote a morbid 
condition of the blood, attended with fever, consequent on in- 
fection from wounds ; absorption of the toxins of suppuration ; 
pus in cavities; absorption of the lochial discharge; dissection 
wounds, surgical operations. The blood is poisoned by the 
absorptions of the products of bacterial life, and abscesses 
form in the lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, joints, cellular tissue. 
Pyemia is usually an acute and alarmingly fatal malady; in 
rare cases chronic, continuing for months with any wound or 
visible injury, but accompanied with rigors, fever, followed 
by copious perspiration, insomnia, restlessness, and great de- 
pression. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 107 

With an abscess, small or large ; with a wound or an abrasion, 
there is danger of a vital catastrophe, because the poison-de- 
stroying function of the liver and the poison-eliminating ca- 
pacity of the kidneys are so impaired by the ptomains and 
leukomains, they are unable to perform their vital functions 

The invasion of the body with some of the pathogenic mi- 
crobes is productive of it. 

BODY, HUMAN. — The human body is composed of the 
same elements as are found entering into the composition 
of the mineral substances found on the earth's surface. The 
following is a list of the quantities of the various elements 
found in a human body weighing 154 pounds: 

Lbs. Oz. Grs. 

Oxygen in o o 

Hydrogen 15 o o 

Carbon 20 o o 

Nitrogen 3 9 o 

Phosphorus 1 12 190 

Sulphur o 2 217 

Calcium 2 o o 

Fluorine o 2 o 

Chlorine o 2 382 

Sodium o 2 116 

Iron o o 100 

Potassium o o 290 

Magnesium o o 12 

Silicon o o 2 

The number of bones in the human skeleton is 246. Sixty- 
three of these are in the head and face, twenty-four in the ribs, 
sixteen in the wrists, fourteen in the ankles, and 108 in the feet 
and hands, each of these containing twenty-seven. The heart 
is six inches long and four inches in diameter ; it palpitates sev- 
enty times a minute, 1,200 an hour, 100,800 times a day, or 
36,792,000 times in a year, and each time launches two and 
one-half ounces of blood, 175 ounces per minute, 656 ounces 
per hour, or seven and three-fourths tons a day ; the whole of 
the blood of the body passes through the heart in the space of 
three minutes. The skin is composed of three layers, and var- 
ies from a quarter to an eighth of an inch in thickness ; each 
square inch contains 3,500 pores for the escape of the perspira- 



108 Twentieth Century Practice. 

tion, which may be compared to little drainage tubes, a quarter 
of an inch long, which have a total length in the superficies of 
the body of 201,166 feet, or a little trench to draw off the water 
of the body extending to forty miles. The blood of the human 
body weighs thirty to forty pounds, it makes a complete circula- 
tion in no seconds; the lungs receive in twenty-four hours 
11,000 pints of blood. The hair grows in two years from 
twelve to sixteen inches. Man grows to twenty years and lives 
100 years or more. The maximum of sleep required by an 
adult is eight hours. The food of man is regulated by his own 
experience as regards what digests well or badly. The time 
required to digest food of a mixed nature is three hours and 
one-half. Exercise, cleanliness, and a cheerful and contented 
mind are the best medicaments supplied by nature to secure 
good health and a long life. 

BOILS are directly due to infection of the tissues with 
germs. There are always found upon the skin germs capable 
of producing boils and other forms of suppurative processes if 
introduced into the system. Ordinarily, however, the body 
does not suffer from the close proximity of these noxious ele- 
ments, for the reason that the tissues are able to destroy, in 
various ways, the small number of bacteria which penetrate the 
skin. When, however, by any means the vitality is lowered 
to a sufficient degree, invasion by those parasitic microbes 
through a scratch, a pin prick, or any other abrasion of the skin 
may give rise to the multiplication of germs and the production 
of pus, with the accompanying swelling, pain, and suppuration. 

Some of the most common causes of the tissue degeneration 
which renders the production of boils possible are auto-intoxica- 
tion poisons generated in the body from flesh eating, the free 
use of fats, constipation, and indigestion. Repeated attacks of 
boils can be averted only by removing the cause, whatever it 
may be; probably maldigestion, perverted nutrition, in which 
there is an abundant evolution of bacteria, which produce boils 
and degeneration. True the vitality of the system is lowered ; 
it enables the evolution of parasites and microbes to progress. 

General depression, headache, coated tongue, fetid breath, 
constipation, auto-intoxication. The best internal remedies for 
boils is the sulphide of calcium, half a grain every hour; it de- 
strovs the bacteria, thereby lessens the inflammation, reduces 
the area of the boil ; it liquefies the core ; draws a line of de- 
marcation, causes it to separate speedily. If the skin is not 



Twentieth Century Practice. 109 

broken, the sulphide converts it into an abscess without delay ; 
but if it is taken early, it will cause it promptly to dry up, and 
inflammatory action ceases. Besides, the sulphide of calcium 
exerts a marked influence upon the general health, in restoring 
vitality, wiping out debility, keeping the blood pure, preventing 
the formation of others. Another excellent remedy is the ozo- 
nized tincture lycopodium in fifteen-drop doses every three 
hours. The only class of boils in which this remedy fails are 
those deep-seated, dependent upon a diabetic diathesis. 

An almost exclusive fruit diet should be adopted for a few 
days, and the plan of making one meal of the day entirely of 
fruit should be followed for a few weeks at least. A daily 
warm bath, followed by a short cold bath, plenty of out-of-door 
exercise, and care to secure prompt, regular, daily movement 
of the bowels, are other measures of importance. A boil may 
generally be avoided by injecting into it a few drops of a one 
to twenty per cent solution of carbolic acid. Hot applications 
are useful in relieving the pain. 

BONES. — The bony framework of the body, upon which 
the muscles, arteries, veins, nerves and skin are attached, is a 
structure of very low organization. Nevertheless it is liable 
to be influenced by adverse conditions, its vital integrity im- 
paired by morbid states of the blood, by mechanical injuries. 
by defects in nutrition. 

Periostitis. — The coverings of bones are called the perios- 
teum, and is a fine, white, fibrous tissue, which covers the bones 
like the bark of a tree, for if it is stripped off by accident and by 
matter burrowing under it, separating it from the bone, and 
thus depriving the latter of its nutrition, the bone dies. The 
periosteum of any bone in the body may suffer a partial death, 
but it is more liable to occur on the subcutaneous aspect of those 
bones that are thinly covered, as the fingers, tibia, ulna, clavicle, 
and cranium. 

Causes. — The chief causes are the syphilitic taint, in which 
case the germs give rise to round or oval swellings, called 
nodes; which is an infiltration of lymph and serum into the 
periosteum, or between it and the bone; tuberculi, mercury, 
rheumatism, which cause an inflammation and swelling of the 
entire length and circumference of the periosteum. It may 
also be due to injuries, punctures. 

Symptoms. — The pain in inflammation of the covering of 
the bone is sharp, lancinating, very intense ; if of the syphilitic 



no Twentieth Century Practice. 

type, the pain at night is unbearable ; pain still more severe if 
the bone is involved ; tenderness ; there is always some consti- 
tutional disturbance, greater or less. Fever, restless nights, 
mental depression. Rigors and throbbing indicate the forma- 
tion of pus. 

Treatment. — If seen early, before the pain changes to a 
throbbing, a strenuous effort should be made to avert suppura- 
tion, for that event is equivalent to the death of the bone unless 
well managed. Fever must be controlled with aconite, and 
large doses of hyoscyamus and opium, to relieve pain. Powerful 
local stimulants should be applied, such as immersion of the 
finger, or part, in water nearly at the boiling point; the appli- 
cation of hot alcohol, or a fly blister, or the oil of lobelia; or, 
try compression; apply a bandage from the tip of the finger, 
up, as tight as can be borne, so as to control the circulation of 
blood to the part. Keep it very tight, so as to be almost un- 
bearable, and on all the time. When used, it must be before 
the throbbing has begun. Bowels and skin actively stimulated 
— the former with antibilious physic, the latter with Dover's 
powder. Internally, iodide of potassium, in the saxifraga 
compound. If rigors and throbbing have taken place, do not 
wait for the formation of an abscess, but open early, clean down 
to the bone, soak in peroxide of hydrogen, then follow with 
hot fomentation and poultices. An early opening, free and 
deep, is the only means of saving the bone from destruction. 
After matter has been evacuated, poultice, and then follow with 
ozone ointment as a dressing; if it is syphilitic, mercurial, 
tubercular, rheumatic, follow in with the treatment necessary 
for each. Nodes, as a result of periostitis, never form, only in 
syphilitic poisoning. They may be absorbed with iodide of 
potass, when soft, but if hard, forming an ivory exostosis, they 
may have to be chiseled off. Whitlow, or felon, is simply 
periostitis of the periosteum of the fingers. 

Ostitis; or, Inflammation of Bone. — Inflammation of 
bones may arise from injuries, syphilis, tuberculi, mercury, 
phosphorus, rheumatism, and may be followed by effusion of 
lymph, breaking down of lymph, abscess, caries, or necrosis, or 
ulceration of bone. 

Symptoms. — There is a deep-seated, severe, dull pain, with 
swelling of the soft parts, rigors, and a fever ; if acute, the parts 
slowly enlarge, tenderness increases, with weight and pain. If 
it proceed to ulceration (caries or necrosis), there are rigors, 
and pain changes to a throbbing. 



Twentieth Century Practice. hi 

The treatment embraces rest, control fever, keep bowels 
•open, and skin active ; local stimulants in the form of hot packs 
during the day, and the chloroform liniment at night. As soon 
as fever is controlled, iodidie of potass in compound saxifraga ; 
keep patient under it for some months. If rigors and a 
throbbing have taken place, poultice, and as soon as indications 
of pus formation are clear, free openings. If an opening, or 
several openings, have taken place, run them into one, so as to 
give nature as little work to do as possible. Abscess is rare, 
the condition being a breaking down of lymph in the substances 
■of the bone, giving us caries or necrosis. Either of these con- 
ditions can be easily detected, by a gritty or sandy feel of the 
pus. In all cases general alteratives and tonics; best of diet, 
with an excess of phosphates, as oatmeal porridge, cream, and 
boiled white-fish. 

Caries and Necrosis. — Those two terms are used to 
signify ulceration or gangrene of bone — conditions that may 
follow inflammation, softening, molecular degeneration, and 
suppuration of surrounding soft parts. It is called caries when 
it takes place in the spongy bones, as the vertebrae, or the ends 
of the long bones ; necrosis, when it occurs in the hard, cancel- 
lated structure, or when shaft is involved in the gangrene. 
There are various forms of the latter : if the shaft of a cylin- 
drical bone dies, and is enclosed in a case of new bone, it is 
called osteo-gangrene ; exfoliation is a term applied to necrosis, 
or modification of the superficial layer, which is not encased in 
any shell of new bone. Caries attacking bones of a spongy 
texture, as the vertebrae and articular ends of bones, involves 
a less hopeful condition of repair than necrosis; whereas the 
latter, being in the middle of the bone, leaves the two ends 
of the bone in good condition, so that repair will take place 
even under the most unfavorable circumstances, because it is 
from the two extremities that the long bones receive their 
principal nutrition. 

Symptoms. — Inflammation of bone, with suppuration and 
formation of sinuses, through which matter flows in which 
gritty or sandy particles can be detected — bony granules. In- 
troduce a probe through one of the openings; the bare, dead 
l)one, or its exfoliated, or broke-down portions, can be detected. 
Discharge very fetid; disease very chronic, and usually great 
constitutional disturbance. 

Treatment. — If the parts admit of it, run the sinuses into 
•one opening clean down to the bone, and wash out the cavity 



ii2 Twentieth Century Practice. 

with four ounces of tepid water, in which one dram of caustic 
potassa has been dissolved. In caries there is nothing to hope 
for but a healing of the bone, with deformity ; whereas in ne- 
crosis, everything is to be gained by a speedy removal of dis- 
eased bone; so the above injection should be used every day, 
if no irritation is producd, so as to soften down the diseased 
structure. Poultices of linseed; enjoin rest; push a general 
alterative and tonic course, and a most liberal diet. 

Lymph breaking down, a suppurative process established, 
there is found in the discharge a microbic evolution, the bacillus 
saphrogenes, which is found in all putrefactive changes or 
gangrene of bone. 

All inflammatory states of bone, whether due to injuries or 
the toxins of disease germs, have the same evolution, where 
lymph is effused and breaks down. 

It is present even in phosphorous poisoning, when the su- 
perior and inferior maxillary become necrosed. 

In the manufacturing of lucifer matches, in which large 
quantities of phosphorus are used, many of the operatives suffer 
from its absorption, owing chiefly to the avaricious propensities 
of the owner. 

The are two kinds of phosphorus, ( i ) ordinary phosphorus 
in sticks, yellow, luminous in the dark, has a peculiar odor, very 
inflammable, apt to ignite when handled, and when exposed to 
the air gives off white fumes, and it is the absorption of these 
that give a toxical result; (2) amorphous phosphorus is red in 
color, not luminous, in powder form, non-poisonous, may be 
handled with impunity and costs usually much more than the 
first mentioned, the poisonous form. 

Safety matches, as they are termed, are tipped with a mix- 
ture of red lead, black sulphide of antimony and chlorate of 
potassa, and the phosphorus used in them is usually of the non- 
poisonous form. On close investigation of the secret working 
of our match factories it will be found that poisonous phos- 
phorus is used, and the operatives exposed to its fumes, and 
these fumes, by a selective influence, attack the bony structure 
of the upper and lower jaw. The result of this influence is 
necrosis of those bones (the evolution of the pathogenic mi- 
crobe), the lower more frequently than the upper. 

In all cases the necrosis is slow, insidious, progressive and 
the extent of bone affected is quite considerable. The soft 
structures resemble scurvy, bleed freely on the slightest touch ; 
soon the bone becomes spongy, and resembles pumice stone, 
breaking down and coming away in pieces. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 113 

Remove the individual from its influence, the vital force 
alone unaided will get rid of the dead bone, and even further, 
will cause a new bone to take its place, not so perfect as the 
original, but better than none at all. 

As the discharge is a living mass, highly infectious, the oral 
cavity should be washed with a solution of chlorate of carbon 
every two or three hours and expectorated, and the patient 
careful that none be swallowed. 

The best internal treatment for caries and necrosis is a tonic, 
alterative course, embracing in the list of remedies thyroid ex- 
tract, protonuclein, c. p. solution of spermin, matriacaria, etc. 
Locally, poultices, if parts admit of it, with alkaline ingredients 
until sinuses form openings, and injection of solution of 
chlorate of carbon. 

Phosphorous poisoning affords an excellent example of ne- 
crosis, and is a matter for congressional investigation. 

Atrophy of Bone. — Atrophy of bone is marked by a dimi- 
nution of their weight, size, bulk; involve the whole bone, or 
a part of it — one side of the bones of the face, or entire side ; 
bones may waste to a mere shell. Atrophy may be caused by 
want of nutrition, nerve-supply; by disease, want of exercise; 
by disease, either in the bone or adjacent parts, and morbid 
states of the blood. 

The treatment consists in removal of cause; general altera- 
tives and tonics, with local stimulation. 

Hypertrophy of Bone. — It sometimes happens that one 
or more bones increase in length, breadth, and thickness. This 
may occur in any bone in the body. The deviation from or- 
dinary nutrition, on which such enlargement depends, is rarely 
controlled by any drug. 

Exostosis. — Is a tumor formed by the irregular hyper- 
trophy of bone. Such tumors are hard, painless, and globular, 
and mostly situated on the long bones. Their structure is that 
of ordinary bone, but usually more dense and compact. In 
some cases they are porous, in others of an ivory consistence. 
They cause no pain unless they press on nerves. On the inside 
of the skull they press upon the brain, and give rise to epilepsy ; 
in the orbit they cause the eye to protrude. 

Their cause is irritation, and effusion of lymph, which be- 
comes organized into bone. 

Treatment. — If not too dense, they can often be got rid of 
by absorption, by alteratives, and by iodide of potassa, with the 
local application of the ozonized clay; when hard, of the con- 



H4 Twentieth Century Practice. 

sistence of ivory, they can be cut down upon and chiseled off. 

Mollities Ossium. — Osteomalacia, or softening of the 
bones. A peculiar constitutional affection, in which all or a 
part of the bones of the body may be affected by softening, 
which gives rise to distressing and remarkable deformity. 
Women beyond the age of forty are most obnoxious to it. The 
pelvis is sometimes alone attacked in child-bearing women, and 
in some cases the limbs. The characteristic of the disease is 
the absence of the earthy phosphates in the bones, so that they 
are unusually flexible. 

Associated with, or probably dependent on, this condition or 
the cause of it, is very remarkable nervous depression, the 
health hopelessly impaired, with gradual loss of flesh and 
strength. The urine is loaded with large quantities of phos- 
phates ; severe pain soon follows, and spontaneous fractures are 
liable to take place. No treatment of any utility. 

In old age we meet with the opposite condition, where the 
bones have an excess of phosphates, owing to which fact they 
become extremely brittle, and are liable to give, or even break, 
upon the least violence. 

There are also other morbid states of bone, in which certain 
elements are wanting, owing to special germs being present in 
the blood, as in rickets, bow-legs, spinal curvature, etc. ; states 
in which the bones are soft, flexible, easily bent ; conditions 
due to the want of the phosphates. 

Rickets. — Essentially a tubercular disease of the bones of 
the entire body, the spongy bones being chiefly the seat of 
migration of the tubercular bacilli, besides it is a disease in 
which the bones are deficient in their earthy constituents, and 
consequently lose their natural hardness ; they become soft like 
gristle, and somewhat brittle, so that they are not only easily 
bent, but easily broken. The term "rickets" is usually applied 
to this softening when it occurs in childhood, but a similar 
disease also attacks adults, especially females. Rickets is a 
constitutional disease, and is very generally associated with a 
tendency to scrofula either hereditary or engendered by poor 
living and unhealthy influences, such as deficient ventilation 
and light, impure damp air, and bad food. 

Rickets presents well-marked external characteristics, and a 
tendency to certain peculiar manifestations of disease. It most 
commonly shows itself in a child aged from six months to two 
years.- The face is generally pale, but plump and broad. The 
head is large in proportion to the face, is flat and misshapen, 



Twentieth Century Practice. 115 

the f organelles (openings between the bones of the skull) 
widely open, and the forehead prominent. The chest is 
flattened at the sides, and the breast bones pushed forward. 
The wrists and ankles are large and swollen, owing to the bones 
being late in development. The teeth are cut late. The bones 
ar soft and cartilaginous owing to the lack of the earthy con- 
stituents, hence when the infant begins to walk the legs become 
bent under the weight of the body, and often the spine becomes 
curved. This defect in the process of bone formation is the 
leading characteristic of the disease. The same treatment 
should be pursued as in tuberculosis : tonics and alteratives 
with a special course of glycerite of ozone, mistura guaiacol, 
thyroid extract, inunction with olive oil and guaiacol. 

It is a disease which is perhaps more frequently acquired 
from improper feeding, bad nursing, impure air, and general 
want of cleanliness. 

BOROGLYCERIDE, OZONIZED.— Ozone; Boric Acid; 
C. P. Glycerin. 

A chemical compound, powerful germicide, hemostatic, pre- 
vents and arrests fermentative and putrefactive changes. 

Its use is indicated internally and locally in nearly all mi- 
crobial diseases. 

When the cutaneous surface becomes invaded with the micro- 
organisms of erysipelas; burns, eczema, lichen, prurigo and 
there is intense burning, tingling, itching, the greatest possible 
relief is immediately experienced, and the microbe killed, by the 
application of a lotion of two ounces of boroglyceride to the 
pint of tepid water, kept constantly moist, covered over with 
oiled silk ; so with parasite skin affections. Applied to wounds, 
if the ordinary indications are observed, union by first intention 
is promoted. 

Ulcers which resist the ordinary remedies are speedily cured 
by the application of a 50 per cent solution. 

It sterilizes the microbe syphilitica, hence in its pure state it 
is an invaluable application to chancres (superior to iodol) ; 
makes a splendid germicidal injection in female gonorrhea, 
radically rooting out the gonococcus; besides it is of great 
efficacy in metria, in washing out the uterine cavity, and render- 
ing it aseptic; of utility in metritis, endometritis, vaginitis, 
catharrhal states of the neck, and undoubtedly our best remedy 
in all form of leukorrhea. To an indurated or hypertrophied 
uterine neck, packing the vagina, embedding the indurated parts 



lib Twentieth Century Practice. 

into the boroglyceride past, for twelve hours at a time, effects 
a marked revolution in the parts. 

As a mouth wash or gargle, it destroys all germs in the oral 
cavity ; hence it is of value in all throat affections, in tonsillitis ; 
laryngitis; in variable strengths it is very efficacious in nasal 
catarrh. 

Its vitalizing action on the skin of the face is superb ; here the 
boroglyceride oil, applied on retiring, removes all tan, freckles, 
rendering the skin soft, velvety. 

In ocular affections, the boroglyceride lotion excels all 
known germicides in the various forms of ophthalmia. Kills 
the microbes of the common, acute, the purulent, the gonor- 
rheal, and to the granular form it makes an excellent applica- 
tion. To this latter it is used thus : the lids being thoroughly 
everted, the boroglyceride heated into an oily consistency, is 
spread all over the conjunctival surface with a camel's hair 
brush. It is generously applied, readily gains access to the 
cracks, crevices, and into the granulations themselves. 

The immediate effect is to increase lacrimation, with a 
painful gritty sensation, which passes off in ten minutes fol- 
lowed by an amelioration of all the symptoms, the granulations 
look pale and less prominent. 

Ozonized boroglyceride is incomparable as an antiseptic and 
germicide, active, efficient, still innocuous to highly organized 
living matter — pre-eminently destructive to all microscopic 
life. 

It has been lately demonstrated that every can of milk that 
enters this city has either the microbes of scarlatina or diph- 
theria, or of tubercle, or of syphilis, or of cancer, or of anthrax, 
or of typhoid in it. 

The addition of a very small amount of ozonized boro- 
glyceride to each can will completely annihilate these germs; 
besides, it will preserve the milk indefinitely without any 
organic change or fermentation, without ice being used for the 
purpose, in our hottest weather. 

Variations in temperature in milk give rise to the evolution 
of tyrotoxicon, a deadly poison. All this is prevented by the 
use of boroglyceride in the lactiferous fluid. Milk preserved 
by the addition of boroglyceride is free from all germs. 

As a medicament, ozonized boroglyceride is invaluable. 

As a mouth wash and gargle, it will destroy all germs in the 
mouth and throat ; renders the breath sweet, all odors disap- 
pear. From a half to one teaspoonful dissolved in half a 



Twentieth Century Practice. 117 

tumbler of hot water. It should be used first in the morning, 
before and after each meal; preservative to the enamel, pre- 
vents tartar formations, keeps the teeth brilliantly white. 

After the ozone and chlorine has cleaned out every germ in 
nasal catarrh, nightly douches of solution of ozonized boro- 
glyceride complete the cure. 

A hot, saturated solution of boroglyceride applied over the 
erysipelous blush completely kills the streptococcus. 

Dissolved in hot glycerin, and at once applied over perios- 
titis, the germ is killed, inflammatory action ceases, for in this 
form it penetrates to the bone marrow. 

For burns and cutaneous diseases, it is best to rub it up in 
ozone ointment in definite proportions. 

Tepid solutions in chronic cystitis, completely wipe out the 
micrococcus urea — injections of the same kill the gonococcus. 

In gynecological practice a pastil of ozonized boroglyceride 
is very popular, as it cures all forms of leukorrhea, whatever 
may be its cause; heals erosions about the uterine neck; ab- 
sorbs indurations; blots out mechanical dysmenorrhea; kills 
every germ that enters the vaginal orifice ; as a suppository, it 
ameliorates every disease of the rectum, cures many ; it absorbs 
•stricture; heals ulcerations and fissures; subdues inflammation 
by promoting a renewal of life in the lower bowel. 



BORACIC ACID. — The only known compound of oxygen 
and boron, is unexcelled as an unirritating antiseptic in wounds, 
devoid of smell and antagonistic to the toxin of sweat; to the 
pidium albicans of aphthae, micrococcus urea it is of immense 
efficacy; as a dressing powder, equal parts of the acid com- 
bined with pulverized starch ; combined with orris root and one 
drop of attar of roses make a good tooth powder ; lint soaked in 
a hot saturated solution and dried, applied to wounds, promotes 
union by first intention. Still more active, of more decided 
efficacy, when prepared as ozonized boroglyceride, then it is 
a microbicide of greater power, killing germs of great potency. 

It is in this form that it is largely used as a food preserver 
to prevent chemical change in warm weather, to either delay or 
prevent decomposition. The quantity added to canned fish, to 
butter, to milk, is too great : 3 per cent or 26 grains to the pint ; 
too large a dose for either an infant or an invalid, harmful to 
any one with weak kidneys, very apt to give rise to fatal re- 
sults, eA^en cautiously dealt with. In ordering milk diet for pa- 



n8 Twentieth Century Practice. 

tients physicians must see to it that there is no boroglyceride in 
the milk and no kidney disease. 

Our population suffers from poisoning from this cause much 
more than from tuberculosis. Cases of intoxication from this 
source are very common. 

Ozonized boroglyceride is invaluable as a medicament, not as 
a food. A tampon of this agent introduced into the vagina will 
promptly unload a congested uterus. A suppository of the 
same chemical compound will in a few weeks reduce an en- 
larged prostate. Excellent as a medicine, bad as a food. 

BOUGIES. — A flexible, cylindrical body, variable in size, 
to be introduced either into the urethra, or esophagus, or 
rectum, etc, for the purpose of either dilating or medicating 
them, when contracted or suffering from some morbid action. 
A simple bougie is composed of solid and insoluble substances, 
as silver, rubber, gutta-percha; they act, of course, mechani- 
cally. 

Medicated bougies are usually made of gelatin, butter of 
cocoa substances soluble at the temperature of the body. The 
medicament introduced may be arbor oil, to destroy warts in 
the urethra and check leakages — the remedy introduced may 
be thallin, which annihilates the gonococcus; or it may be 
sulphocarbolate of zinc, Avhich dries up all leakages in the 
urethra; or it may be the glucoside of the salix nigra, which 
effectually arrests all seminal incontinence; or it may be the 
solid extract of the true damiana, or the compound known as 
ambrosia, which inspires new life into the genital nerves, and 
often cures impotency. Those composed of iodol will oblit- 
erate obstinate strictures. 

Stricture of the urethra is the result of irritation, inflam- 
mation, due to the presence of the gonococcus; masturba- 
tion in early life and sexual excess at a later period produce 
congestion, spasmodic action, effusion of lymph, stricture, 
ulceration. 

Very prevalent, therefore, are organic and spasmodic stric- 
tures, and much of the spermatorrhea and impotence now so 
common are due to those conditions, states that lead to sexual 
incapacity. 

Strictures of the bulb are more refractory than those in the 
deep urethra into which the seminal ducts open. In every case 
of seminal weakness it is well to examine for stricture up to the 
neck of the bladder, for there is nothing so effective in relieving 



Twentieth Century Practice. 119 

the irritation of the seminal ducts as the occasional passage of 
a No. 12 metallic bougie. Upon the introduction of this the 
drain of vital fluid often ceases, the dilated mouths of the ducts 
contract, semen becomes thicker, healthier, more fertile, organs 
increase in size, distressing nervous symptoms subside. 

For effused lymph organic stricture absorption is the only 
idea which ought to pervade all our procedures, for if dilata- 
tion be tried, even cauterization and excision, there is invariably 
a recurrence. Absorption with or by the iodol bougie is the 
most successful of all modern methods, and when properly ef- 
fected there is never a recurrence. 

The effective method of curing all urethral diseases is direct 
treatment with bougies. 

There is never a stricture in gonorrhea when the thallin 
bougie is used as a means of killing the gonococcus; there is 
never a stricture in spermatorrhea when the salix nigra bougie 
is used as a means of cure ; in hopeless cases of impotency how 
often does the ambrosia orientalis create a renewal of life; in 
dwarfed or atrophied testes how frequently does rejuvenation 
and growth take place when the saw palmetto bougie is used 
daily for some months. 

BRAIN. — Our knowledge of the structure and function of 
the human brain is very limited, especially as to the soul seat, 
and its various manifestations: intrinsically the most valuable 
structure in nature — susceptible of much modification, change, 
development, culture. The force which operates it is the life 
principle which energizes every cell and tissue in the body. 
The life in man, which comes from God, is the unseen force in 
every vital movement. 

The human brain, perfect in structure, complex, highly or- 
ganized, stands at the head and controls every function of the 
body, made up of two tissues, gray and white matter, sensient 
and motor; gray or cineritious on the surface; the white nerve « 
fibres, which connect the brain with every .part of the body. 
The surface of the brain is not smooth, but divided up by fis- 
sures into longitudinal ridges. The brain is first divided into 
two halves or hemispheres by a deep groove called the longi- 
tudinal fissure. The centres for all the functions of the body 
are duplicated, being alike situated on the surface of each half 
of the brain. Nerves from the centre of the left side of the 
brain go to the right side of the body, and vice versa, in each 
half of the brain. We have the frontal, middle and posterior 



120 Twentieth Century Practice. 

lobes. Each of these are divided into convolutions or ridges 
having deep furrows between them. In the frontal lobe we 
have the superior, middle, inferior, and ascending convolu- 
tions ; in the parietal lobes we have the ascending and inferior 
convolutions, etc. This uneven surface of the brain gives a 
larger area, and hence increases the amount of gray matter or 
nerve cells which are located in its substance. People who 
have the most well-developed brains have these convolutions 
most marked, and the fissures are more deeply situated. 

From point of localization of function we find the position 
grows more important as we go from the back of the brain for- 
ward, until in the foremost part we have the functions of the 
mind located. The prominent development of the frontal lobe 
is a feature which marks the development of the brain of man 
as above that of other animals. A lack of mentality of the in- 
dividual, especially if it is inherited, will show a poor develop- 
ment of this part of the brain. 

The brain of man is of divine mechanism, perfect formation ; 
on it depends the healthy performance of every organ in the 
body; mental as well as physical. Diseases of the brain are 
all of vital importance, and will be the leading factors of all 
maladies of the twentieth century. 

Brain of man, not only highly vitalized, rich in cineritious 
matter, but delicate, the most resisting, the most difficult to 
depress, or to produce a partial death in its structure of any 
other tissue. , 

In inflammation of the brain we have the origin of all cere- 
bral disease. This condition may be induced by mechanical 
violence, falls, blows on the head, sunstroke; the toxins of all 
microbial diseases in the blood; use of stimulants, improper 
use of certain drugs, narcotics, great mental strain or effort, 
extreme emotional conditions. Reflexly the brain may suf- 
fer a partial death, by or through irritation of other organs, as 
the kidneys, heart, digestive and generative organs., 

Easily recognized by the pain in the forehead, which is ag- 
gravated in all cases by noise, light, heat, motion ; flushed face, 
contracted pupils in the acute form; great increase of tempera- 
ture; arrested secretion; add to these, usually nausea, vomit- 
ing, stupor or delirium — later on convulsions. 

It may, if the lesion be reparable, terminate in recovery; if 
grave, non-reparable, red ramollisment, with extravasation 
of blood into its substance, and with violent contortions, or 
convulsions, and death; or it may be guided into a chronic con- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 121 

dition, in which recovery may take place, or it may run into 
white remillisment, softening, and paralysis — symptoms vari- 
able with pathological condition. 

The treatment of all cases of partial death of the brain re- 
quires much good, common sense. The patient should be kept 
in a nice, cool, airy room, free from noise, light. 

The first indication is to shave the head and keep hot water 
constantly applied ; then free purgation, aided with enemata : 
mustard rollers to the feet and calves of the legs ; perfect rest 
in bed, recumbent position ; then administer one grain of the 
solid extract of hyoscyamus every hour, well triturated in one 
teaspoonful of passiflora; procure sleep at all hazards. 

BRAIN EXHAUSTION.— Excessive brainwork; cerebral 
bankruptcy. 

Continual mental strain, under artificial hackneyed condi- 
tions of life, causes a tremendous draft upon the brain forces, 
wearing deep channels and making barren certain areas. Every 
thought and act requires an effort, nothing is spontaneous, bub- 
bling up from a spring fed by a spirit living in harmony with 
nature's decrees, and though experience may have made such 
efforts second nature, the strain exists just the same, and all 
too soon the time comes when the cable of life, worn to a single 
strand, parts suddenly, and the exhausted brain is forever at 
rest. 

The sooner our leading men get closer to nature, have less 
artificial, become naturalized to rest, innocent recreations, 
homely pursuits, which refresh the brain, furnish food for new 
thought, revivifying the brain, leading it into new impulses, 
and motives, and so enable it to go on growing and developing. 

The profession must sound a note of warning against a too 
one-sided life. Physical salvation, perfect brain rest, may be 
ensured by a periodical return to first principles. Hunting, 
fishing, felling trees, golf, going to bed physically worn out at 
nightfall, sleeping in the fresh, woodland air, and rising with 
the sun. If all our leading men could be induced to take out- 
ings of this kind for six weeks, twice a year, there would be no 
more cases of heart failure or apoplexy, so far as they are con- 
cerned. 

Among the highly intellectual brainworkers of our present 
modern civilization, and all suffering from neurasthenia, in- 
somnia is very common — the brain cells being morbidly active, 
generally owing to the presence of some toxin in the blood. 



122 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The effect will disappear with the removal of the cause. When 
sleeplessness has become a habit under such a condition, from 
I o to 30 drops of the ozonized extract of passiflora incarnata, 
three times a day, will do what no other remedy can, give nine 
or ten hours of refreshing sleep. 

Many leaders in our profession entertain the idea that the 
brain, under the pressure and vices of our modern civilization, 
wears out sooner than under a degree of lethargy, a semi- 
torpid condition. Sexual excesses are undoubtedly productive, 
above all other causes, of a failure of brain power. The brain 
is strengthened by moderate activity in intellectual pursuits — 
not exhausted. If we scan carefully the mental horizon, we can 
clearly see that nearly all the failure of brain power is due to 
ihe presence of the bacillus of syphilis. 

BRAIN, WIPING OUT ITS TYPICAL FISSURES.— 
The human race, from certain abnormal conditions, may suf- 
fer vital deterioration and the evolution of the tubercle bacilli, 
but even this, when it reaches its highest point of intensity, 
ends in non-procreation, so that no permanent deterioration 
can exist, no establishment of a morbid race, our stock being 
virtually the same as during the palmy days of Greece and 
Rome. Still, there are elements at work which tend to depre- 
ciate, lower, nay, efface the typical fissures of the brain. 

Look at the effects of isolation, monotony, sameness, soli- 
tariness, as they exist in some of our so-called philanthropic in- 
stitutions, in which five or six hundred lads are confined ; every 
one, as time grows, loses the normal depth of brain fissure ; they 
become shallow, and assume the non-intellectual condition of a 
crank, sneak, coward, knave, cur, give rise to masturbation, and 
finally suicidal mania. 

The outcome of all is masturbation, which is sapping the very 
vitals of our nation, the victims of which are seen in the streets, 
counting-rooms, workshops, and our insane asylums are full of 
them ; besides, it brings premature death to a considerable pro- 
portion of our population, while to others despair and suicide. 

Our profession must arouse from their lethargy with keener 
perceptions, recognize and be prepared to treat a class of cases 
which simply fade away, become weaker, more nerveless and 
hopeless day by day, and finally drop into a grave yawning 
to receive them, without any other diagnostic mark. 

The man or woman who commits masturbation destroys the 
essential elements of their being, blight their own lives ; if either 



Twentieth Century Practice. 123 

be unfortunate to marry, infelicity, unfaithfulness and misery 
are their lot, and if they have an offspring, it will be a poor, 
puny, fledgling, with aged, wasted face, epileptic, choreic, im- 
becile, idiotic, with some form of tubercular disease. 

Once the imperative law of nature be violated, the terrible 
vice established, lost health and vitality are the sexual, as is seen 
in the wasted hands, the doughy skin, the scanty locks, the 
blackened rings around the lack-lustre eyes, the heavy lips, the 
labored breath, unstable gait. , 

No use in any asserting that the practice is harmless, or its 
sufferings imaginary; no, our profession must come boldly to 
the front and stem the current which is undermining our na- 
tion. 

Such cases can all be cured, even in their worst stages, by 
modern remedies and restoratives; but to procure that, a due 
appreciation of the affection, skill, and great tact in manage- 
ment are necessary. 

Alcohol not only effaces the typical fissures, and induces in- 
duration of substance, precisely in the same manner as if the 
brain were steeped in alcohol, so that the inebriate, anticipating 
the anatomist, begins the indurating process before death — 
begins it while the brain remains the consecrated temple of the 
soul, while its delicate and gossamer tissues still throb with the 
pulse of heaven-born life. What an extraordinary infatuation 
thus to desecrate the God-like! What madness to dry up the 
fountain of generous feeling, petrifying all the tender hu- 
manities and sweet charities of life, leaving only a brain of 
lead and a heart of stone ! 

A very important pathological discovery has recently been 
made, in cases of suicidal mania, namely that the typical fis- 
sures of thought are almost entirely obliterated, and a general 
atrophy of the cineritious portion of the brain has taken place, 
clearly demonstrating the disease of self-destruction is a mental 
act, due to cerebral wreckage. The condition is identical with 
the brain of an habitual masturbator, or one who practices a 
perversion of the sexual act. Indeed, every case of suicide is 
associated with or dependent on either a sexual basis, or failure, 
or self-indulgence in some way. The mental irregularity is 
due to sexual chaos — the internal testicular secretion being cut 
off. 

A man who attempts to destroy his existence is not sane, 
neither is his judgment sound. 

This morbid condition is amenable to treatment, whether.ex- 



124 Twentieth Century Practice. 

pressed or implied. Place him upon ozonized thyroid extract^ 
once or twice daily, for some months, and administer c. p. 
solution of spermin thrice daily. 

These two remedies, in some mysterious manner, completely 
overcome the suicidal tendency and bring about a healthy equi- 
librium. The same remedies are efficacious in all conditions of 
arrested development, retarded evolution, idiocy, imbecility. 

BRAIN STARVED.— A tissue-starved brain is the most 
common malady of our age and country, and few are aware 
of the fearful destruction of intellect and life that are caused by 
it. 

Softening of the brain is a justly dreaded disease, and a va- 
riety of theories have lately been laid down as to its great preva- 
lence and cause, as adulterated food, the wear and tear of civ- 
ilization, study, care, worry, struggle for existence, syphilis and 
sexual excesses, perversion, irregularities. 

The substances of the brain and of the nervous system gen- 
erally are essentially different, both in their structure and com- 
position, from all other parts of the body, and therefore they 
require to be nourished in a different way and by different 
material from any other part. All the vital organs may be 
perfect, and the muscular system well developed and supported, 
owing to their special nutrition being complete, and yet the 
nervous system may be in a state of decay. It is true that decay 
of the nervous system is soon followed by decay of all other 
parts, but it may commence independently of any imperfection 
in them, and even while they are healthy. 

The actual material or substance of the nervous system is 
intrinsically the most valuable in animated nature, and is al- 
most identical with that of the seminal fluid in man and of the 
ovae in woman, and its composition is also very similar. 

In all probability the same vital action which calls forth the 
generative elements also creates, at the same time, the nervous 
substance. Whenever, therefore, the production or nutrition 
of the one is imperfect, so is that of the other. There is like- 
wise not only a close sympathy, but a real coincidence of origin 
and mutual dependence of existence between these two most 
mysterious portions of our being. The brain and the sexual 
apparatus are placed at the opposite extremities of the body, 
like the two poles of a galvanic pile, each being connected with 
the spinal marrow which unites them. When one of these 
pole^s is overcharged with vital power, the other is under- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 125 

charged; and when one is exhausted, the other is soon in the 
same condition. 

This explains at once why excessive mental exertion is often 
followed by sexual impotence ; and why, on the contrary, sexual 
abuse so often destroys the intellect. Softening of the brain is 
an actual deficiency of some of the substances composing it, and 
these substances are precisely those that are carried off by the 
seminal discharge. When a man expends too much semen, he 
does the same thing as if he totally destroyed a portion of his 
brain, because he takes away that which is necessary to nutrify 
it. Nature will .not produce enough of these substances to 
make brains and to allow of licentious indulgence at the same 
time. 

BRAIN GROWTH.— At birth the* brains of boys weigh 
more than girls. Men of great intellectual power have brains 
that weigh sixty-six ounces; while the brain of imbeciles do 
not average over thirty ounces in weight. The average weight 
of the brain of an adult is forty-nine and one-half ounces. 
Very many of our intellectual giants have exceedingly small 
brains ; it is the richness in cineritious matter and depth of the 
fissures of thought that makes the man ; quality outranks quan- 
tity at all times. The most active period of brain growth in man 
is between the twentieth and fortieth years ; while in woman the 
brain attains its maximum of growth at thirty years of age. 
From forty to fifty slight diminution, greater between sixty 
and seventy. The shrinkage is quite great, decreases with the 
intelligence. The use of alcohol gives rise to atrophy. 

Moderate brain exercise among the learned preserves the 
brain to extreme old age in all the fullnes and vigor of their 
faculties and it loses little of weight which belonged to it in the 
prime of life. 

The occasional administration of the thyroid extract to the 
growing youth imparts an impetus to brain growth, an idea 
worthy of consideration in the imbecile ; a diet largely of cereals 
and fish is very productive of cerebral nutrition. Our best 
remedies for brain growth are kephalin, avena c. p. solution of 
spermin. 

BRAIN DEGENERATION OF THE MODERN CHILD. 
— Much of the defective brain nutrition of children is due to 
hereditary causes, the child being the victim of parental defect, 
the vice of intemperance, being transmitted to the offspring in 



126 Twentieth Century Practice. 

the form of cerebral malformation or neurosis. Same con- 
dition gives rise to insanity, imbecility, feeble-mindedness, mel- 
ancholia, suicidal mania, and epilepsy. 

Statistics show us that 20 per cent of all children who reach 
the second year have either in the spring or fall a sporadic at- 
tack of cerebro-spinal meningitis, often unnoticed by the pa- 
rents, which has too often for a sequela a loss of hearing, 
terminating in deaf-mutism. 

Modern adulteration of food products, alum-saturated bread, 
retards and renders dentition difficult and impoverishes the 
brain. 

Besides, our school system, abnormal and defective ; women 
teachers, reflexly stamping effeminacy upon boys, overtask- 
ing, etc. 

Until recently, the medical profession had no resources, no 
remedies to meet and overcome this great national disaster. 

Within these few years past, the thyroid extract and c. p. 
solution of spermin have wrought a most remarkable change 
in curing a very large percentage of these cases. Thyroid ex- 
tract, administered to such children, increases the activity, 
growth, and stamina of brain substance; it has a stimulating 
influence over all the cerebral functions. C. p. solution of 
spermin acts as a brain food, exerts an inhibitory action over 
waste of the body. 

A judicious, honest physician, with these two remedies, will 
seldom fail to cure all forms of cerebral disease in children, 
from imbecility to paralysis, from malformation to deaf- 
mutism. The thyroid extract to be efficacious must be in the 
form of an ozonized extract from young lambs, not from sheep ; 
never dried nor in tablet form, as the two latter contain ca- 
daveric alkaloids. 

As a result of degeneracy, child-suicide is increasing, al- 
though this is chiefly caused by overpressure in education, 
which produces precocious development of the reflective facul- 
ties. Anticipate such states by thyroid. 

BRAIN WORKERS.— Neurasthenia, poverty of nerve 
force, cerebral softening, paralysis and other states are the se- 
quel of exhausted nerve force ; whether by mental work or sex- 
ual excess, it brings about the state of an organ tissue- 
starved. Following this, glandular deposits on the arachnoid, 
adhesion of the emmbranes to the surface of the convolutions, 
crystalline granulations in the lining membranes of the ven- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 127 

tricles, with an unusual amount of fluid in the sac of the arach- 
noid and in the lateral ventricles are found in the brain of those 
who devitalize an organ. A tissue-starved brain gives rise to 
inflammation of the cortical part of the brain, ending in its de- 
generation of the nerve cells of the hemisphere, structural 
change in the convolutions, the cells of which lose their integ- 
rity and look like an irregular heap of particles ready to fall 
asunder. 

The brain of man owes its healthy existence to the quantity 
of phosphorus it contains ; if this is economized, independent of 
its scantiness in modern food, it might sustain him probably as 
long as life lasts and health holds out; but let the brain starve, 
health fails, nature can suppply no more; then, unless the patient 
can obtain phosphated food, or ozonized tincture of oats, or 
the animal phosphorus of kephalin, degenerative changes will 
take place in the gray substance of the cerebrum — the cells of 
that part will become granular and deposits of granules scat- 
tered through its substance — that these changes take place in all 
parts of the brain and spinal cord, when the phosphorus in the 
brain is exhausted. Brainworkers, merchants, professional 
men, know this ; they feel it in their languor, tired brain — those 
are the victims of excessive brain exhaustion. How far this 
granular change in the nerve cell is compatible with healthy 
mental action, we cannot yet say. But we do say, and nothing 
can invalidate it, that, unless our brainworkers obtain more 
phosphorus, white softening, paralysis and insanity will 
become more common. With a high graded fluid extract of 
coca to stimulate cohesion, and phosphated tincture of oats, 
and ozonized glycerite of kephalin to supply the brain food, 
we have elements of true brain nutrition, the means of creating 
a higher type of manhood. These remedies penetrate the 
brain, every fibre of it, invigorate it, nourish. 

This is scientific medication, positive curative for our na- 
tional ills — and they are the remedies which are superseding all 
others in nervous or vital power. 

The eminent members of the profession speak of the ozonized 
glycerite of kephlin thus : 

This is a true brain food, a nerve-vital essence; it entirely 
supersedes comp. hyphophorus as a reconstructor of shat- 
tered nerve force — invaluable in all forms of loss of brain 
power, as loss of memory, paralysis, white softening; very re- 
freshing to the nerves when tired by worry, when in neuralgia 
they cry for richer food, purer blood. Eminent authority says : 



128 Twentieth Century Practice. 

"That it invigorates the body, refreshes the mind, repairs lost 
sexual power. For brainworkers it is food ; it increases intel- 
lectual capacity, gives a higher, holier appreciation of nature, 
a higher stratum, a transcendentalism in the beauty of earth, 
sky, sea— in the varied hues of gems and flowers, in the bright- 
ness of sunshine, in the iridescence of the rainbow, in the rip- 
pling stream, in the flash and war of storm and tempest. It 
replenishes the storehouse of the poet, philosopher, artist, 
orator, novelist, historian, divine — it soothes the tired brain, 
brings solace to the careworn heart, braces the unstrung nerves,, 
gives elasticity to the weary step." Such is kephalin. 

This nervo-vital essence is prepared thus: The phosphorus 
is a distillation from the natural brain of the ox, and from the 
best Canadian oats, wheat, and barley, and is altogether a dif- 
ferent agent from the phosphorus of commerce; besides, the 
life-giving ozone is added, which is a stimulant to the molecu- 
lar energy of the brain, nervous system, with a special action 
on the lymphatics and pink marrow; blood-forming, blood- 
raising glands, and especially and above all, the seat of sexual 
power in the brain. 

"Ozone is a powerful nerve-stimulant, retards waste of 
tissue; vivifies, increases strength and endurance; removes 
fatigue and languor due to prolonged physical or mental work. 

"We do not pretend to subdivide the elements of each cereal, 
as the oats give us a rugged stratum of brain growth; barley 
and wheat a finer mental vigor ; one thing we are certain of is, 
that they contain a vast amount of phosphorus in an assimilable 
form, which renders them of pre-eminent value and worthy of 
national importance. Wherever there is a deficiency of life 
in nerve-tissue, give ozonized kephalin — a nerve essence. The 
amount of brain matter it contains is immense ; if there is head- 
ache, prostration, mental strain, worry, insomnia, epilepsy, 
chorea, neuralgia, paralysis, hysteria, melancholia, neuras- 
thenia, mental strain, loss of sexual power, give kephalin — give 
it because it contains blood-making force, generates life-sus- 
taining properties ; because it is pre-eminently calculated to sup- 
port the system under the exhausting and wasting process of 
disease ; it rebuilds and recruits the tissues and forces, whether 
lost in the destructive march of disease, or induced by over- 
work, nerve tire, debility, excesses, exhaustion ; give it, because 
it is the most congenial, friendly, helpful remedy ever offered 
to the most delicate or fastidious stomach; it is ever construc- 
tive, a builder, suitable to reconstruct the most delicate." 



Twentieth Century Practice. 129 

BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS ; ITS RAPID 
INCREASE. — Persistent albuminuria, irrespective of its eti- 
ology, or present condition, constitutes Bright's disease. 

The great increase of diseases of the kidneys of late years is 
in a great measure due to those causes which augment the uric 
acid diathesis; besides the toxins of disease germs, the debris 
of inflammatory action; calculi, with other excretory products; 
irritating action of some diuretics, etc., weaken and relax 
the capillaries so as to permit an exosmosis of albumin from 
the blood to take place. 

The introduction of comp. ozonized celery extract, and its 
persistent administration in all kidney affections marks a new 
era in the rejuvenation of our race. Give ozonized celery 
compound in proper doses. It enters the blood, sweeps the uric 
acid from the system. It neutralizes all toxical products of 
microbic growth; flushes the kidneys, washes away all effused 
lymph that blocks up their intestinal structure. 

The ozonized comp. celery extract is a true kidney renovator, 
bracing and vitalizing, operates well and favorably in all weak- 
ened or relaxed conditions of these glands, unless a decided or- 
ganic change has taken place. 

Even in amyloid and fatty degeneration, which are so com- 
mon, the former in malarial poisoning, the latter in chronic al- 
coholism, the use of this remedy retards destructive metamor- 
phosis and prolongs life. It stays degeneration, whether it be 
associated with atrophy or hypertrophy. 

The remedy is worthy of a trial. Try it alone, or combine it 
with passiflora, gelsemium and digitalis. Give in simple elixir. 
Small doses, but freuently, are best. At all events every three 
hours, so as to keep the system under its influence. 

In all morbid conditions, in which a micro-organism is the 
agent of destructive change, pathological states in which toxins 
the excreta of germinal growth are literally crowded into the 
excretory ducts of the kidneys, blocking them up, preventing 
elimination; it is then that the ozonized celery compound ex- 
hibits its wonderful power as a kidney scavenger. Hence its 
efficacy when toxins of the micrococcus of scarlet fever are 
dammed up in the tubules, giving rise to desquamative 
nephritis. It acts promptly in arresting the hematuria of ma- 
laria ; in relieving the congested state of the kidneys in erysipe- 
las, dihptheria, typhoid fever, rheumatism, pneumonia, etc. 

A more general use of ozonized celery compound would do 
much to diminish the mortality of microbic maladies, prevent 
albuminuria and other complications. 



130 Twentieth Century Practice. 

BRONCHOCELE. — This is characterized by an enlarge- 
ment of the thyroid gland. The entire gland may be affected, 
or its centre, or either lobe. The swelling is usually unasso- 
ciated with pain, and causes little inconvenience, beyond the 
deformity it produces, unless it presses upon the adjacent parts. 

Causes are very varied. It may be due to water impreg- 
nated with lime or magnesia; to tuberculi; to irritation, re- 
flected from the organs of generation to the nerves that supply 
the thyroid, causing enlargement and congestion; to uterine 
disease, or an anemic condition of the blood. 

It is a true hypertrophy and is divided into three forms, ac- 
cording as the vascular, glandular or connective tissues are in- 
volved. 

Various etiological theories have been advanced with refer- 
ence to enlargement of the thyroid gland, none of which are 
worthy of consideration. It is often complicated with a con- 
stitutional neurosis, in which epilepsy, chorea, diabetes play a 
part. 

The thyroid in goitre undergoes alteration in function, as 
well as size, and produces a toxic substance which acts deleteri- 
ously on all parts of the nervous system, slows the action of the 
heart, produces mental apathy, obesity. The old treatment of 
hypertrophy of the thyroid preponderated in favor of alteratives 
and tonics with preparations of iodine and bromine ; the modern 
and more successful management consists in the admin- 
istration of the ozonized thyroid extract, which acts on all parts 
of the nervous system, clears up the mental horizon; locally, 
the use of the ozonized clay breaks up the interstitial effused 
lymph. 

No irritation must be produced by its application; all at- 
tempts to localize the cause of the enlargement in the vagus and 
sympathetic have failed ; nevertheless, all cases are much bene- 
fited by the exhibition of large doses of passiflora, with matri- 
caria before meals. 

BRONCHITIS (ACUTE AND CHRONIC). THE 
CONFERVA. — In all conditions of partial death of the lining 
membrane of the bronchi, there is an evolution of the patho- 
genic microbe, conferva, which, together with its toxin, gives 
rise to depression of the vital powers, cough, expectoration, dif- 
ficulty of breathing and imperfect oxygenation of the blood. 

The presence of the microbe on and in the lining membrane 
of the bronchi gives rise to an incessant hacking cough,. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 131 

dyspnea, rhoncus, and sibilus, which later on change to large 
and small crepitations, with very copious expectoration ; slate- 
colored sputum and nails, due to the imperfect aeration and 
toxins in the blood. 

The microbe is most abundant in chronic cases, found in the 
sputum. It bears cultivation well in liquid gelatin; cultures 
injected into any mammalia give rise to irritating cough of a 
cadaverous sound, ropy expectoration, prostration, and death. 

The microbe is imbedded in the bronchial follicles, in tufts 
or patches, rather difficult to reach by inhalation, but with a 
little tact and perseverance this is overcome. 

Acute bronchitis is generally due to exposure to cold, damp, 
irritants, and is confined to the lining membrane of the 
bronchi. In a well-marked case, there is usually catarrh, 
rigors, fever, lassitude, debility, sense of soreness in the chest, 
nervousness, uneasiness, constriction of the chest, cough dry at 
first, but as the inflammatory stage merges into effusion, moist, 
but expectoration thin at first, viscid mucus, then muco-puru- 
lent, distinctly audible rhonchus over large trunk ; sibilant over 
small tubes before effusion takes place ; subsequently large and 
small crepitation. Deficient aeration of blood in all cases. 

Administer veratrum viride and euphorbia pil, one teaspoon- 
ful of each in four ounces of water. Mix. One teaspoonful 
frequently until there be a subsidence of fever. At the same 
time, but in alternation, add one teaspoonful of passiflora, half 
a teaspoonful of green root tincture gelsemium to four ounces 
of water, and give in teaspoonful doses, as indicated, one grain 
of the sulphide of lime every two hours. Either a solution of 
muriate of ammonia or pine-tree tablets. 

Take the whites of a dozen eggs, and stir in mustard suf- 
ficient to make a plaster nine by five inches, and apply and re- 
tain over the anterior portion of the chest, otherwise same treat- 
ment as the chronic form. 

Chronic bronchitis may be a sequel of an acute attack, and 
then it is designated simple, but if the diagnosis reveals either 
the toxins or the active microbe of syhpilis, tubercle, gout, rheu- 
matism, cancer, mine dust, cotton, it must be so classified and 
treated, as one or other of those conditions exist. 

In the chronic form, much irritating cough, with expectora- 
tion of viscid muco-purulent matter, often greenish; great 
tightness of the chest, emaciation, debility. If not complicated 
by tuberculosis, lungs clear from apex to base. 

The treatment of chronic bronchitis requires skill and con- 



132 Twentieth Century Practice. 

siderable tact as to the proper remedy to be employed, but an 
excellent selection might be made from the following list : two 
being used, one alternately with the other, as yerba santa and 
coca et celerina, operate well for a week; then pine-tree syrup 
and tablets alternated with chloride of ammonia ; then kephalin 
and prunia do well in alternation; avena sativa and sumbul, 
with a general alterative and tonic course ; saxifraga alternated 
with mineral acids and cinchona. 

In the adaptation of remedies to any one given case, as to 
cause, if there be tubercle, mistura guaiacol ; if syphilis, saxi- 
fraga; if mercury, iodide potass; if rheumatism, uric acid 
solvent and glycerite of sulphur. 

In old obstinate cases, great good results from the adminis- 
tration of either tannic acid or the following: acetic syrup of 
sanguinaria, acetic syrup of lobelia, of each four ounces, to 
which add four drams each of chlorate of potassa and pulver- 
ized alum. Mix. Dose, from one-half to one teaspoonful 
added to water every three hours. Comp. oxygen is often of 
utility. 

Inhalation is of great efficiency in bronchitis. Take one or 
two tablesspoonfuls of formalin to one pint of water, add thy- 
mol, menthol and chloride of ammonia, a few grains of each. 
The instant this spray is brought in contact with the living tis- 
sue, the formalin is liberated and every microbe on the bronchial 
mucous membrane is killed and a renewal of life in the tissue is 
established ; cough expectoration, diminish and disappear. The 
same formula, by inhalation, arrests the paroxysms of whoop- 
ing cough and asthma — it is invaluable. Inhalation of other 
inicrobicides, such as chlorate and permanganate of potassa, 
guaiacol, sulphate hydrastin, distillate of the pine needles, iodol, 
in a steam atomizer several times daily, cause the rattling rales 
to disappear speedily and respiration to become normal. 

Great difficulty of breathing is often relieved in the acute 
form by hot fermentations ; in the chronic form egg mustard or 
guaiacol plaster. 

Nutrition generous. 

Eminent authority says : Neurasthenia acts as a predispos- 
ing, and local irritation as an exciting cause of bronchitis, met 
with in two forms, acute and chronic. In the former there is 
fever, pain, heat, redness, swelling, an evolution of the microbe 
conferva, which can be found in the frothy mucus or muco- 
purulent sputum. 

In the chronic form there is an effusion of lymph, which 



Twentieth Century Practice. 133 

produces thickening in the different coats of the bronchi, owing 
to which the tubes are usually constricted ; but in other cases 
there is dilatation with pouches. In both the acute and chronic 
form there is invariably cough, difficulty of breathing, an im- 
pending sense of suffocation. 

Once the bronchial structure is weakened, any microbe which 
may be accidentally in the blood will aggregate there, localize 
and impart to the bronchial lesion a type, a characteristic wholly 
its own. 

Bronchitis is essentially one of our maladies. Best treated 
by an alcoholic vapor bath, rest in bed, local stimulation over 
the bronchi so as to stimulate leukocytosis. Even proto- 
nuclein may be tried. The best medicament in acute bron- 
chitis is the euphorbia pilulifera, one teaspoonful added to four 
ounces of sweetened water, mixed. One teaspoonful of this 
repeated every ten minutes until temperature and pulse are 
normal, the difficulty of breathing relieved. But the cough, 
for which give one pine-tree tablet every hour. 

With this treatment we make short work of bronchitis. 
Gradually leave remedies off as symptoms subside. 

Euphorbia is immense in the acute form, and exceedingly 
valuable in the chronic. 

Although in this latter form, an alterative (saxifraga) and a 
tonic (matricaria) are indicated in all cases, allay cough with 
the pine-tree tablets. 

The varieties of the chronic form are numerous. The tuber- 
cular must be treated with the glycerite of ozone, mistura 
guaicacol and creosote, and the pine-tree tablets for cough. The 
syphilitic with that invaluable alterative, saxifraga. The 
cancerous by the Chian turpentine mistura, with the pine-tree 
tablets for the cough. 

The difficulty of breathing, the sense of suffocation, that 
goneness incidental to bronchitis are promptly relieved by these 
tablets. Even reflex and winter cough are amenable to their 
use. 

Quite an extensive experience in the treatment of bronchitis 
in children has taught me that persistent stimulation over the 
chest is of vital importance, especially if there be much 
dyspnea. The very best form is to bathe the child well, dry 
off, then rub the entire chest over with sweet olive oil, then rub 
into the skin of the child's chest in front, under the arms and 
between the shoulder blades concentrated ozone. This must 
be done gently and by the fingers. It is important that it be 



134 Twentieth Century Practice. 

well rubbed into. the skin. Simultaneous with this, the cough 
becomes easier, expectoration more free, dyspnea less — a most 
remarkable change is brought about. It can be repeated if 
necessary. 

BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA.— Inflammation of the smaller 
bronchi and patches of the lung often comes on as a sequel to 
croup, measles, or acute bronchitis. The febrile disturbance is 
greater, and there is more lividity, otherwise the symptoms are 
those of acute bronchitis. It is most commonly met with 
among children, and is often fatal. 

BRUISE, OR ECCHYMOSIS.— A painful and livid 
swelling at or near the surface of the body, which is caused by 
external violence, as a fall or blow inflicted by some blunt ob- 
ject. It is met with in most cases of contusion, and also with 
fractures and dislocations, and is caused by the rupture of 
blood-vessels and the pouring out into the subcutaneous soft 
tissues of blood or blood-stained fluid. Bruises vary very much 
in extent, color, size, and situation. In the slightest form there 
is a small and superficial patch of a light- or dark-red color, 
and attended with very little swelling. In the most severe cases 
a soft swelling is formed as large as a child's head, or the 
whole of a limb is swollen and of a black or dark-blue color. 
The rapidity with which a bruise is formed varies according to 
the situation of the injured part. Where the skin is in close 
proximity to subjacent bone, and is bound down by unyielding 
tissue, the blood is effused slowly, but in a blow upon the eye- 
lids or upon the breast a large livid swelling is rapidly formed. 
In fractures of the bones of the leg and forearm there is often 
extensive bruising, which is associated with the formation of 
large blebs on the surface of the skin, which are distended by 
black or purple fluid. In contusions of the scalp in children 
a large circumscribed collection of blood is often formed under 
the skin ; this is usually soft at the centre and very hard at its 
margin, and feels very much like a depression in the skull. 
Sometimes in cases of contusion the bruise does not show itself 
at the part actually injured, but at some distance from this. 
A large bruise when fully developed is of a purple color, mot- 
tled with yellow and greenish-yellow patches. As the blood 
becomes absorbed and the bruise fades, the purple gives way to 
changing shades of brownish-red, green, and light yellow. 
These changes commence at the margins of the bruise. The 



Twentieth Century Practice. 135 

rapidity with which the disappearance takes place varies. The 
effused blood, even in very extensive bruises, is usually wholly 
removed 1 by absorption, but occasionally a collection of fluid 
blood caused by an injury to an unhealthy individual, instead 
of becoming absorbed, sets up inflammation in the surrounding 
tissues, and forms an abscess, which bursts and discharges un- 
healthy, ill-smelling matter or pus mixed with soft clots of 
blood. In the treatment of recent bruise, the first object is 
to check further effusion of blood. This may be best done by 
applying cold, and by elevating, if possible, the injured part 
above the level of the body, in order to retard the circulation. 
If the bruised parts be very tense and painful, some leeches 
may be applied near the margins of the dark-blue patch. After 
the acute stage of pain and heat has passed off, the treatment 
should be directed so as to favor absorption of the fluids and to 
remove the swelling; for this purpose the most useful agents 
are the tincture of arnica montana, a lotion composed of two 
ounces of spirits of wine to twelve ounces of water, or a solu- 
tion of sulphurous acid. The large transparent blebs which 
form over very extensively bruised surfaces should be pricked 
with a sharp needle, and then covered over with cotton-wool, 
which will absorb the dark-colored fluid which is thus allowed 
to trickle away. 

BURNS AND SCALDS.— A partial or complete death of 
a portion of the body to which excessive heat is applied ; burns 
being caused by dry heat, or strong acids, or alkalies ; whereas 
scalds are the result of moist or fluid heat — the instant either 
is applied, living is degraded, microbic growth supervenes. 

There are several classifications, the simplest being erythema, 
vesication, ulceration. 

Many dangers attend every grade of burns. The shock, the 
local irritation may be transmitted to the medulla oblongata, 
and there may be intensified reflex action, spasms, convulsions ; 
danger from the arrest of the sensible and insensible perspira- 
tion, which may give rise to congestion of the serous mem- 
branes of the brain, of the chest, abdomen; danger from the 
process of suppuration, toxins, disastrously implicating the 
blood and brain. 

Whatever be its nature, superficial or deep, overcome col- 
lapse by the administration ■ of diffusible stimulants and 
promptly relieve pain. 

All local remedies must be stimulating and strongly en- 
dowed with microbic properties. 



136 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The jelly of violets, painted over any burn or scald, in any 
one of its three degrees, promptly establishes complete resolu- 
tion, perfect freedom from pain. This is the best of all local 
applications, but may not be at hand when required. 

Bicarbonate of soda, always at hand, either in powder or 
made into a paste and applied to the abraded surface, covered 
by compresses to exclude the atmosphere, often answers a valu- 
able purpose. 

An excellent application, if procurable and burn extensive, is 
water, one pint; tincture of cantharides, one teaspoonful; 
formalin, one ounce. Mix. Applied by simply saturating 
cloths, compresses, or bandages, to exclude the atmosphere. 
This can be worn without changing for several days, kept 
saturated, and subsequently an ointment of either ozone or 
marigold or thyme, applied and continued, changing twice daily 
till healed. 

We do not endorse the use of clay, white-lead paint, lard, and 
flour, cotton-batting, albumen, and the like. 

Burns received from alcohol, caustic potassa, and other 
alkalies are best treated at first with free saturation with vine- 
gar, later on with olive oil and carbolic acid. Strength, ten of 
the former to one of the latter. 

Burns received from acids should be freely deluged with 
water. 

BURS^E. — Small membranous sacs, situated about joints, 
lying under tendons, their function being to oil and lubricate 
the parts over which the tendons play. Pressure, bruises, 
sprains, irritation of all kinds, cause them to secrete im- 
mensely. They become oval, or round, and very large. A re- 
moval of the cause, the source of irritation, and the applica- 
tion of the concentrated ozone speedily cause their disappear- 
ance. When, however, tubercle is a denizen of the blood, mat- 
ters are very different. 

CACHEXIA, or DIATHESIS.— A characteristic appear- 
ance which the body assumes after exposure to the ravages of 
certain diseases for a long period. The patient is very pale 
and anemic-looking, complexion generally sallow, and there is 
usually emaciation more or less marked. It is very common 
in those who have been exposed to the malarial poison for a 
long time, even though they have never had an attack of ma- 
larial fever. In cancerous, tuberculous, and other chronic 
wasting diseases cachexia is usual. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 137 

, CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.—A saturated tincture, pre- 
pared from the root, leaves, flowers, of the night blooming" 
cereus. Dose, from a few drops to 20 or 30, added to water ; 
administered every three hours; of utility as a tonic in heart 
failure. In sexual exhaustion it gives speedy relief, for it 
strengthens the cardiac plexus of the sympathetic, and improves 
cardiac nutrition. 

The glucoside, in one-fiftieth to one-hundredth of a grain in 
pill form is the most reliable form in which to administer this 
remedy. 

The active priciple of this remedy (the glucoside) exerts a 
powerful tonic action upon the heart, less so upon the blood- 
vessels. The precise therapeutic action is a tonic in all cases 
of heart failure. In weak heart, in all embarrassments of the 
circulation dependent upon a central cause, this remedy acts 
directly upon the weak organ. Our clinical experience with 
this drug is, that after it has been administered some time, the 
patient experiences a sense of well-being ; the oppression which 
has so long haunted him diminishes, respiration becomes better, 
pulse regular, fuller and stronger. There is, so to speak, a 
greater filling of the arterial system. The cardiac area becomes 
normal, edema, if it exists, lessens ; the volume of the liver di- 
minishes; symptoms of pulmonary statis disappear. The car- 
diac impulse is increased, the sounds become audible and the 
rythim more regular. Besides, it always increases the urinary 
secretion, nearly doubles it, and albumin, if present, disappears 
completely. It is a true cardiac tonic, indicated in all cases of 
2 weak or irregular action of the heart. It is best adminis- 
tered in pill form in dose of i-iooth of a grain thrice daily. 

CADMIUM (Sulphate). — Dose: From l / 2 to 5 grains to an 
ounce of water locally, every three hours. Whenever lymph 
has been effused, and we are desirous of absorbing it, as in 
opacities of the cornea, chronic ulcers, indurated glands, stiff 
joints; not so efficacious as the clay. 

The iodide of cadmium possesses the same properties. 

OVARIAN SECTION.— A dangerous obstetrical opera- 
tion by which the child is taken from the womb by means of an 
incision through the abdominal wall. It is only justifiable in 
those rare cases in which, from deformity, death of the mother, 
or great size of the child, there are no other means of saving 
the child or the mother. 



138 Twentieth Century Practice: 

CALLOSITY. — Hardness, induration; "thickening, often as- 
suming a horny consistence, the ordinary results of pressure, v 
old ulcers, from repeated failures in the process of cicatrization^ 
take on callosity, especially around their edges. 

Alkalies, especially a lye poultice, wipes out degenerated 
tissue. ':; -ii .::. 

CALCULUS. — A concretion of inorganic matter forming 
in one or other of the organs or tissues of the body, and from 
its hardness and other characters resembling stone. Calculi 
are named from the parts of the body in which they occur- — 
salivary j in the salivary glands; biliary, in the gall-bladder or 
bile-ducts (commonly called "gall-stones") ; intestinal, in the 
intestines; renal, in the kidneys, and cystic, or urinary, in the 
bladder. It will be noticed that the calculi form in each of these 
cases in connection with one or other of the secretions, the * 
urine, bile, etc. ; and in their formation is due to an excess of j 
inorganic solid material in those secretions. 

Calculi biliary are generally found in the gall-bladder, more 
rarely in the liver and branches of the hepatic duct. 

The principal ingredients of gall-stories are cholesterin, ; 
chlorate of soda, carbonate of lime, and magnesia, together >. 
with bile salts, and granules, precipitated, which combine to H 
form concretions or calculi. Their number in individual ^cases - 
vary much (single ones being rare), from a few up to several ' 
hundred; in size from a pin's head up to a goose-egg; in form, 
globular, ovoid, pear-shaped; when numerous and pressing 
against each other, become variable in form, usually have num- 
erous polished facets. They may be solid, or hollow, ithe 
former being the most common ; in color, a light or dark brown, 
sometimes greenish. Gritty sand-like deposits in the excretory 
ducts of the liver, consisting of minute calculi or powdered » 
form of cholesterin, colochrome, biliary acids, constituting 
biliary gravel. 

The chemical constituents of biliary calculi are 80 per cent 
of crystalline cholestrin, the coloring matter of bile, bilerresin, 
lime-salts, mucus, epithelia, biliary acids, margarin and traces 
of iron. 

All gall-stones in their initial state have a nucleus, and 
later on an external crust or shell — the intermediate portion is 
often Wanting. The nucleus or centre of attraction may be 
crystals of cholesterin, cholate of lime, mucus, di stoma, blood- 
clot or worm, foreign body. Most nuclei are -formed in the = 



Twentieth Century Practice. 139' 

hyepatic duct; the general make-up of the calculi consists 
largely of decomposed bile, with the external crust of pure 
cholesterin, which varies in tickness from fine tissue-paper up 
to quite a considerable degree. 

The gall-bladder in which those calculi form may be normal 
in size, or it may be distended, or enlarged or sacculated — 
usually its walls are thickened, affording evidence of catarrhal 
inflammation, or fibroid contraction, or calcareous degenera- 
tion. 

Anything that interferes with or retards the functional ac- 
tivity of the liver, as solar heat, malaria, alcohol, tobacco, fatty, 
starchy saccharine food; anything which will prevent a due 
decarbonization of the blood by lungs and skin, as a monot- 
onous life, solitariness, confinement, sedentary habits, tight- 
lacing, pre-potent influences, which render the liver sluggish, 
bile thick and black — long retention in the gall-duct, and its 
crystallization into calculi. 

Gall-stones may be presumed to exist when there are dull 
pains about the liver, shooting to the shoulder ; when symptoms 
of ill-defined malaria are present; gastric disturbance, nausea, 
attacks of vomiting, yellow skin, copper taste in the mouth, 
fetor of the breath, brown-coated tongue, yellow tingue of the 
conjunctiva; pain in the back of the head, right shoulder, and' 
hips; loss of appetite, indigestion, constipation, and,'reflexly, 
vertigo, specks and spots before the eyes, stupor, prostration. 

They are almost certain to exist, when there are sudden 
seizures of excessively severe pain in the right side, beneath the 
border of the ribs, accompanied with nausea, vomiting, jaun- 
dice,, showing that some obstruction exists to the flow of bile; 
absolute proof is wanting, unless the stones are found in the 
stools ; still the diagnosis of the passage of a moderately sized 
stone from the gall-bladder into the duodenum may be pretty 
accurately made out by the following well-marked symptoms : 
Nausea, indigestion, a sudden seizure of pain in the gall-duct, 
profound prostration, a doubled-up position; pain moves and 
instantaneous relief the instant it drops into the duodenum. 

CALCULI, URINARY.— These concretions are found in 
the kidneys, bladder, and follicles of the prostate gland ; when 
found in the ureters or urethra; they have floated there from 
the other parts. Calculous disease is much more common in 
males than in females, probably owing to the anatomical char- 
acter of urethra ; in women, being short, from one and a quarter 



140 Twentieth Century Practice. 

to two and a half inches long, and very dilatable; whereas, in 
men, it is long, and not dilatable to any great extent. The 
cause is the uric acid, phosphatic or oxalic acid diathesis; so 
that these concretions are usually found to consist of uric acid, 
urate of ammonia, fusible calculus (phosphate of lime, mag- 
nesia, and ammonia) ; mulberry calculus (oxalate of lime), 
carbonate of lime, and, very rare forms, cystic and xanthic 
oxides. 

Calculi may consist of only one substance, or be made up of 
layers of different salts ; they may vary in size from grains of 
sand-like bodies to gritty gravel, up to the size of an orange; 
once a nucleus being formed, they increase in size by aggre- 
gation. 

Small aggregations, or stones in the kidney, if not much 
larger than a kidney-bean, may pass from the pelvis of the 
kidney into the ureters, and thence into the bladder. The suf- 
fering which takes place in the transit of the stone is very 
great, and popularly known as an attack of gravel. As soon 
as calculus reaches the bladder, instant relief. 

Urinary Calculi — gravel, renal calculi, and ston e in the 
bladder. — These are all concretions varying in size and number 
forming in some part of the urinary apparatus. In the kidney 
they may cause inflammation, abscess, and even death. If they 
pass from the kidney into the ureter they give rise to symptoms 
similar to those of gall-stones, with the addition of the char- 
acteristic symptoms of frequent micturition. The immediate 
treatment is large doses of green root tincture gelsemium. In 
the bladder they may become very large, often weighing fifteen 
or sixteen ounces. Large stones in this situation can only be 
got rid of by operative procedures. These operations are of 
two kinds — Lithotrity, or crushing of the stone within the 
bladder by means of special instruments; and Lithotomy, sl 
cutting operation by which the stone is removed through an in- 
cision into the bladder. The operation performed depends 
greatly on the surgeon who operates, but the crushing operation 
is coming more and more into favor. Urinary calculi vary 
in their composition and appearance. In order of frequency, 
uric acid, oxalate of lime (the "mulberry calculus"), triple or 
ammonio-magnesium phosphate, phosphate of lime, and mixed 
calculus, are the chief ones met with. The dissolving of calculi 
in kidneys by means of remedies administered orally is rather 
a lame affair, although occasionally successful; the ozonized 
uric acid solvent, infusion of hydrangea and saxifraga are 



Twentieth Century Practice. 141 

the remedies that have met with success. One thing is certain, 
if they do not effect disintegration of the calculi they certainly 
diminish their size. 

CANNABIS INDICA. — Indian hemp in all its forms is a 
valuable sedative, but administered in excess acts as a powerful 
narcotic. It therefore resembles in its action alcohol, opium, 
and other narcotics which are attended by excitement, intoxica- 
tion, and, finally, narcosis. It is a powerful aphrodisiac. It 
is useful in neuralgia, migraine, renal and hepatic colic, and in 
dysmenorrhea as a means of relieving pain and spasm. As an 
hypnotic it is used in acute mania and delirium tremens. Con- 
tinuous headache often yields to it. It has also been given in 
hydrophobia and tetanus. Dose — of the extract, one-quarter 
to one grain. Of the tincture, five to twenty minims. 

CANCRUM ORIS. — The evolution of the oidium albicans, 
on the mucous membrane of the mouth, fostered, aggravated 
and intensified by overcrowding, insanitary conditions, sewer- 
gas poisoning; the patient an ill-nourished, debilitated child, 
often the victim of some other malady. If not seen to 
promptly it assumes either a phagedenic or gangrenous form, 
and causes great destruction of tissue, with an intense odor. 
Usually great constitutional disturbance, and death is apt to 
follow from exhaustion. 

Treatment. — Most nutritious food, skin and bowels stim- 
ulated. Either peroxide of hydrogen, or solution of chlorate 
of carbon are excellent. Echinacea, concentrated tincture, 
ozonized, one of the best remedies for use as an internal anti- 
septic. 

CANTHARIDES. — Used locally in any of its varied forms 
as a local stimulant, is one of the best of all external agents 
to excite leukocytosis, and it is this property alone that has 
rendered it invaluable in paralysis and baldness. Not used 
now as a vesicant or irritant — that idea has exploded itself — 
modern scientific thought calls simply for erythema, to produce 
leukocytosis. 

CAPSICUM ANNUUM.— A powerful, diffusible stimu- 
lant, beneficially used in rheumatism, paralysis, sciatica, One 
dram of the oil to four ounces of alcohol; makes a good lini- 
ment. 



142 ; . Twentieth Century Practice. 

The compound tincture frequently repeated in doses of one 
teaspoqnful in hot tea. 

A gargie of salt, capsicum and vinegar is of great value in 
sore throat. 

Cotton medicated with a base of capsicum is an excellent 
local stimulant; it can be applied and prolonged indefinitely 
without any deleterious results. It contains no injurious or 
poisonous substance. 

CARRIERS OF CONTAGION.— All domestic animals, 
and household pets, so called, possess an affinity to become in- 
fected with microbes peculiar to the human race. Placed 
under unnatural conditions of life, as are entailed upon them by 
indoor life, they become diseased and short-lived ; besides they, 
one and all, become the carriers of disease germs, such as 
tuberculosis, pneumonia, diphtheria, variola, etc. They 
are a fruitful, but too often an unsuspected source of contagion 
and infection. 

The many millions of canaries over our entire country dis- 
seminate tuberculosis ; parrots spread the pneumococcus ; doves, 
rabbits, cats, mice, distribute the streptococcus of diphtheria in 
all directions ; rats carry the plague. The same danger exists 
in fowl-roosts near a dwelling. 

In truth, a home is safer, freer from disease germs, and 
insanitary conditions, without any of those pets. 

Insects, such as the ordinary house-fly, are a frequent carrier 
of the bacilli of typhoid fever; the mosquito, the malarial germ, 
and other small fry carry about with them and distribute among 
the human family many more ills and evils than we would be 
willing to recognize, leaving the question of harboring them 
entirely out of discussion. 

CARBOLIC ACID. — Phenol is obtained from coal tar and 
is a valuable antiseptic and deodorant. One great disadvan- 
tage to its use, it is highly poisonous, rapidly causing paralysis 
of the heart. It is, however, destructive to all microscopic life, 
arrests fermentation, and precipitates albumin. 

In high dilutions, taken internally it checks diarrhea and 
vomiting. As an external remedy it is largely used, as a dress- 
ing to wounds. Inhaled from an atomizer, it has been found 
useful in hay asthma, chronic bronchitis, gangrene of the lung 
and influenza. 

An ointment has been used in parasitic skin affections, but 
there is always danger in its use. 



Twentieth ^Century Practice. ... 143 . 

CARBOLATES.— The sulphocarbolates of ammonia, cal- 
cium, sodium, zinc, . singly or in combination, are remarkable: 
microbicides and disinfectants. Administered to children, from 
one to two grains; to adults, three to four grains every three or 
four hours, either added to water, dry on the tongue, or in- 
serted into the rectum, are perfectly innocuous, but at the same 
time so powerful germicides that they will destroy all disease 
germs with which they come in contact,; such as the oidium al- 
bicans, the streptococcus of diphtheria, the microbe of smallpox, 
the bacillus of typhoid fever, the micrococcus of erysipelas, the 
microbes of boils. 

All combined, or singly, when introduced into the blood, ren- 
ders that fluid aseptic, a habitat into which no germ will enter 
while the patient is taking it. 

The sulphocarbolate of zinc is made into an ozonized 
urethral bougie and, in troduced into the urethra, checks all 
seminal and gleety discharges. 

CARBON CHLORATE.— Dose : Five grains, added to 
some alterative syrup, or water, every three hours. Specially 
indicated in cancer, syphilis, tuberculi, all fevers, and when- 
ever there are disease germs in the human blood. This remedy 
has acquired a world-wide reputation in the cure of cancer. 
Its high repute is well merited. It is introduced into the 
ozonized saxifraga and Phytolacca, to render those invaluable 
alteratives most extremely efficacious as a germicide in the 
radical cure of all morbid states of the blood. Locally, it can 
be introduced into all cancer plasters, being compatible with 
extracts of sheep sorrel and red clover tips, with bichloride of 
mercury, arsenic, chloride of zinc plasters, and the chloride of 
chromium, ozonized. 

CARBUNCLE. — A microbic malady due to malnutrition, 
the toxins of the microbe giving rise to embolism and sudden 
death. .-, Invariably associated with a broken down, vitiated 
state of the blood. 

There are many remedies of great value in carbuncle, or 
boil, but it is doubtful whether modern therapeutics have sup- 
plied one so efficient as the ozonized tincture of lycopodium. 
It not only wipes out the germ in the blood, in the sebaceous 
sac in which it has aggregated, but it corrects certain patholog- 
ical conditions which aid bacterial evolution and promote 
riepatic activity. 



144 Twentieth Century Practice. 

It is a morbid condition which requires powerful and ener- 
getic treatment. If surgical, a crucial incision at once; if a 
topical treatment to follow the incision, no remedy can excel 
the jelly of violets over night and ichthyol during the day — 
the former an effective local anesthetic, or sedative, relieving 
all pain and irritability, a remedy that succeeds admirably in 
any case. The latter I have found it good practice, if there be 
much induration around the base, to apply either pure or in the 
form of a jelly; ichthyol jelly all over the hardened base, up 
and over the crater-like summit. Apply twice daily, with the 
violet jelly over night. This treatment destroys all microbes, 
removes necrosed tissue, and promotes rapid cicatrization. 

Ozonized tincture lycopodium in fifteen-drop doses, added 
to a glass of water and taken every three hours, is an excellent 
germicide in all cutaneous affections, its use at the present 
being much neglected. 

CARCINOMA. — Cancer may be defined as a morbid condi- 
tion of the nervous system in which the bacillus of cancer is 
evolved in the blood, and assumes the diagnostic heart-shaped,, 
spindle-shaped rods. 

They originate from degraded bioplasm, or irritated proto- 
plasm. Such irritation may be either direct or indirect, 
through the medium of the central nervous system. 

If there be no local weakness, or irritation, this microbe may 
exist in the blood indefinitely, poisoning the streams of life,, 
but when any part is damaged, or weakened, blood-vessels 
relaxed, the microbe passes by exosmosis through its walls, 
into the adjacent parts, in which it grows with varying degrees 
of rapidity, depending a good deal upon the amount of local 
depression, and on the presence of certain adventitious sub- 
stances. 

When this bacillus is exuded, or deposited, or effused into 
any part, pain, of a sharp lancinating character, occurring in 
paroxysms is present — the intensity of the pain, its frequency 
of occurrence and duration depend upon the amount and 
activity of the microbe. 

The lymphatics, in close proximity to the germ mass, tumor 
or infiltration, affords an excellent criterion, index or 
barometer of the malignancy of the bacillus. 

Germ aggregation, or tumor receives different names 
according to its composition — presence of certain constituents : 
scirrhus, when the germ is tangled up in fibrous tissue; 



Twentieth Century Practice. 145 

medullary, soft like brain, consisting almost exclusively of can- 
cer cells; sarcoma, fleshy; when thrown out with a large 
network of blood-vessels, fungous hematodes; epithelioma, 
where skin and mucous membrane meet; black pigment, 
melanotic. 

The bacillus of cancer in the blood is best recognized with 
a high microscopic power of 2500 diameters, heart and spindle- 
shaped forms, ovoid bodies, arranged in pairs or heaps, their 
length being a fourth less than a blood-corpuscle. 

The microbe is pathogenic of all forms of carcinoma, bears 
culture well on coagulated blood kept at the temperature of the 
body. 

Cultures injected into animals give rise to a typical form of 
cancer. It is therefore highly contagious and infectious, very 
prevalent among our domestic animals, in precisely the same 
forms as the human being. 

The microbe is difficult to sterilize and annihilate. 

Its local destruction should be effected either with chloride of 
chromium paste ; or ozone paste ; resorcin ointment ; lactic acid 
c. p. liquid chloride of chromium. 

The bacillus in the blood should be sterilized with either 
saxifraga, phytolacca, Chian turpentine mistura, glycerite of 
sulphur, dioxide of hydrogen, red clover. 

The diagnosis rests chiefly upon the paroxysmal attacks of 
pain of a sharp lancinating character — slight in degree and at 
long intervals apart, if few micro-organisms be present; but if 
there be a very large aggregation of germs present in the 
infiltration or swelling, the pain is intense and of frequent 
occurrence — if the cancer be open, a sense of soreness or raw- 
ness also exists ; if the colony of cancer germs be in the chest 
or abdomen, pain anterior and posterior over the part. 

When this pathogenic microbe is present in the blood, it gives 
rise to anemia, pearly conjunctiva; sallow, dry, husky skin; an 
indefinable sense of debility or goneness ; very irritable heart ; 
clay-colored stools. Cancer microbes in the breath and dis- 
charge emit a peculiar odor resembling the hydrosulphate 
of ammonia. 

Prognosis. — In forming a prognosis of any given case of 
cancer, we must bear in mind that, up to the present date, 
the tendency of all cases is to death — that the medullary form, 
being acute, is especially malignant and rapid in its course — 
that all cancerous growths are more rapidly fatal when such 
vital and vascular organs as the stomach, tongue, uterus, 



146 Twentieth Century Practice. 

rectum, are the seat of deposit. The size or degree of enlarge- 
ment of the lymphatics in closest proximity to the infiltration 
is the best criterion to go by; if they are no larger than a pea,, 
the future progress of the case under ordinary bactericide 
remedies is likely to be favorable, whereas, if they are as large 
as a pigeon's egg, decidedly unfavorable. 

As cancer is a microbial affection it is necessarily both con- 
tagious and infectious. 

The indications of treatment of all cases of cancer are to 
either destroy the bacillus in the blood ; to correct the defect by 
which the neoplasm is evolved in the blood ; to build up vital 
force, and if there be an infiltration or tumor, get rid of it 
either by the local or internal exhibitions of bactericides. 

In the observing of these indications the general health must: 
be improved by every means : change of locality ; daily baths, 
plain and medicated, with either iodine or nitromuriatic 
acid ; bowels should be kept regular ; appetite stimulated and a 
diet rich in all the elements of blood should be the standard — 
even the use of either malt liquors or wines, at meals, is to be 
commended; if indigestion prevail, ozonized pepsin and other 
digestive ferments administered. 

There are a few bactericides which, when administered in- 
ternally, have a marked destructive action upon the microbes in 
the blood; two of those should be selected and given in alter- 
nately appropriate doses, say for one week, and two selected 
for the following week. Those which act most energetically 
to be preferred; our best remedies are comp. saxifraga and 
Phytolacca, ozonized Chian turpentine mistura; condurango, 
glycerite of sulphur, dioxide of hydrogen, resorcin. 

With regard to local treatment, if the aggregation of germs 
be small, skin sound, not discolored, an effort might be made 
by the endosmosis of remedies to either sterilize, kill, and 
absorb the mass. For this purpose some one of the following 
might be selected, and applied either continuously or in alterna- 
tion, viz. : Belladonna ointment and salicylate soda; boroglycer- 
ide and papoid; ozone ointment and resorcin; succus Phyto- 
lacca, red clover, sheep sorrel ; a plaster of clover root and 
hydrastin, with chromium, ozonized iodine; siegesbeckie ; even 
spraying with peroxide of hydrogen. 

All cancerous infiltrations or tumors, if not removed by 
some of the above or other methods, must be removed by a 
bactericide sufficiently powerful to destroy the germ colony, 
either by uniting with it, or oxidizing it, and causing a line of 



Twentieth Century Practice. 147 

demarcation to form between the healthy tissue and the can- 
cerous mass; such a process is effected by the chloride of 
chromium paste ; or ozone paste, lactic acid. 

The use of arsenic, chloride of zinc, platinum, bichloride of 
mercury and other escharotics is now discarded by all scien- 
tific specialists. 

Cancer of the Arm. — When an effusion of the 
bacilli of cancer takes place on the arm, shoulder, leg, etc., its 
location permits of the most energetic course of treatment. 
Either the chloride of chromium or the ozone paste should be 
applied fresh every morning until it drops out entire. During 
this process the adjacent parts should be carefully protected, 
and the sensibilities of the patient blunted by the administration 
of the comp. conium pill. 

If it does not drop out freely, the roots or prolongations 
should be touched with a camel-hair brush, dipped in a little 
of the same paste made liquid by adding a few drops of water. 
If the cavity is large, strips of salicylate plaster should be 
applied over it, so as to aid rapid cicatrization. Ozone ointment 
makes a useful dressing for all cases. 

Cancer of the Breast. — Most common among ladies 
nearby, and during and after the change of life; more rarely 
met with among men, and when it takes place in the latter sex, 
generally a scirrhous infiltration around the nipple due to the 
irritation of the buckle of the suspender. 

The left breast of the female being the weaker, covered 
freely with the sympathetic, the bacilli make an entrance into 
it and breed with a rapidity corresponding to the vital in- 
tegrity of the part. All forms of cancer are met with here, 
epithelioma of the nipple, scirrhous and medullary. 

Easily diagnosed by the pain, enlargement of the lymphatics 
in the axillae, numbness of the arm of the affected side, retrac- 
tion and oozing from the nipple, cachexia. 

Constitutional treatment with bactericides, — if small, reme- 
dies by endosmosis to kill and absorb the germ; if tumor is 
large, it must be removed with chloride of chromium or ozone 
paste, blunting the patient's sensibilities with comp. conium 
pill. 

Cancer of the Eye. — Usual treatment constitution- 
ally ; small tumors may be got rid of by going round it with a 
pen dipped in the supersulphate of zinc, touching the parts 
daily but lightly, producing no irritation. In the interim apply- 
ing lotion of boroglyceride, when it drops out. 



148 Twentieth Century Practice. 

Patches on the forehead and face may be removed in the 
same manner. 

Cancer of the Lips and Face. — Careful removal 
with either the chloride of chromium, or ozone paste; or with 
the supersulphate of zinc, going round it every morning. 
After it is completely removed, one or two or more hair-lip 
pins to keep the parts in apposition and promote cicatrization. 

Usual internal treatment. 

Cancer of the Esophagus.- — Digest the cancerous infil- 
tration of the circular rings by the introduction of a paste of 
boroglyceride and papoid in a strength suitable for the purpose. 

Cancer of Penis. — As cancer is both contagious and 
infectious, it follows that men having sexual congress with 
ladies, who either have the cachexia or, worse still, who have a 
cancerous* infiltration of the neck of the uterus, the germs dur- 
ing coition are apt to migrate from the microbe-smitten uterus 
to the corona glandis, which is one of the most sensitive, highly 
organized and actively absorbent tissues in the whole body. 

Nearly all cases of cancer of the penis can be traced to direct 
inoculation. The victims are usually the old devotees of mas- 
turbation, or dalliance in the sexual act. 

It is generally ushered in with a hard, brawny state of the 
corona, which assumes the form of large scales ; later scirrhous 
and medullary infiltration, involving the entire organ. 

Most amenable to treatment with bactericides, boroglycer- 
ide paste, resorcin ointment, brushing with lactic acid. 

All means failing, its removal with the chloride of chromium 
or ozone paste. The usual internal remedies. 

Cancer of the Rectum. — In the early stages the mi- 
crobe puts in an appearance in the form of an epithelioma, at 
the verge of the anus ; later on in the form of vertical streaks 
of scirrhus, and later still the entire rectum becomes filled with 
a medullary or adenoid substance. The pain anterior and 
posterior, diarrhea, hemorrhages, cachexia and other land- 
marks, which are readily seen and felt. 

The most excellent results have followed the introduction 
daily of rectal bougies, composed of papoid and boroglyceride; 
creolin and lactic acid have also been successful ; aristol and the 
glucoside of stone crop. 

The powdered jequirity by insufflation is often of utility in 
causing an exfoliation of the mass of diseased germs — iodol 
and other remedies used in the same manner. 

The rectum, before any powder is applied, should be well 



Twentieth Century Practice. 149 

washed out; the dry or powdered treatment is most successful 
in a large number of cases. 

Cancer of Stomach. — This is recognized by cachexia; the 
pain anterior and posterior; aausea, vomiting; in vomit cancer 
germs. 

No case of cancer of the stomach should be given up until 
the local application of the ozonized clay and conium pill has 
been thoroughly tested and a fair trial of papoid of trypsin. 
The very remarkable solvent powers of these two remedies 
upon diphtheric effusions, upon all recently organized tumors 
or excrescences, merit the attention of the profession and mark 
a new era in therapeutics. 

With the ozonized clay externally, giving out its germicidal 
properties by endosmosis, and either of those remedies inter- 
nally, cancer of the stomach becomes amenable to treatment. 

A liquid, highly animalized diet should be given. 

Cancer of the Tongue. — Most generally appears among 
men who are inveterate smokers. All forms are met with — 
epithelioma, scirrhous, medullary. 

Each form requires the application of special remedies 
adapted to the special microbial condition present. 

When the tongue is patchy, exfoliates large or small scales, 
brushing it over with either dilute lactic acid or an ozonized 
distillation of jequirity, or steeping it in a saturated solution 
of chlorate of carbon for twenty minutes thrice daily, or a solu- 
tion of hydrastinin; peroxide of hydrogen has also proved 
itself of utility. 

When the case has proceeded onwards to ulceration, either of 
its centre or edges, the c. p. lactic acid formalin may be tried ; 
that failing, and the cancerous mass accessible, the ozone paste 
might be applied with great care. 

In the more aggravated types a portion or the entire tongue 
may be removed. When this is deemed advisable, to be at- 
tended with success, it must be done early. 

Cancer of the Uterus. — Common at all periods of uter- 
ine activity, but especially so at the cessation of the menses. 
It is met with in a variety of forms, as adenoma, springing 
from some part of the internal walls, often filling the entire 
cavity of the uterus and passing off in glandular pieces, often 
accompanied with violent hemorrhage and anemic conditions 
— epithelioma, scirrhous infiltration, or medullary exudation 
at os and neck, penetrating upwards to the body of the uterus. 

It is easily recognized by the pain anterior and posterior; 



150 Twentieth Century Practice. 

mucopurulent discharge loaded with cancer cells; the peculiar 
odor of the discharge; often sanguineous — at other times ex- 
hausting hemorrhages. Ocular and digital examination of the 
os, neck and body, as far as practicable, reveals the true state 
of the parte. 

Nearly all cases admit of great palliation, if not of cure. 

The Chian turpentine mixture and the glycerite of sulphur 
are most admirable and effective remedies in all forms of 
uterine cancer. 

Cases in which the cancer bacilli imbedded in a glandular 
mass sprout from and occupy the cavity of the uterus are 
much, very much, ameliorated by the introduction of gelatined 
bougies, prepared from either resorcin, or iodol, or creolin, 
introduced into the cavity of the uterus and permitted to 
remain — same remedies could be introduced into the cavity of 
the uterus with a siphon syringe — introduced and withdrawn. 

If the microbe has invaded the os and neck, pastils of boro- 
glyceride and cocain might be tried ; where it is deemed advis- 
able to cause exfoliation, the jequirity paste, or, better still, the 
powder by insufflation, is better if there be an erosion of the os 
and cervix. 

The dry treatment of cancerous infiltration is good. The 
vagina should in all cases be washed out to remove the secretion 
thoroughly, previous to the application of the powder, and 
the dry powder laid right on the affected part ; repeated applica- 
tions about every five days will gradually cause exfoliation of 
the germ mass. 

If the germs have infiltrated the os, neck and body of the 
uterus, the application of the jequirity may not be sufficient to 
cause it to exfoliate, then about every five or seven days c. p. 
lactic acid may be brushed over it, and every night the vagina 
packed with boroglycerite paste, or if the germs are still deeper 
seated, some more penetrating application should be utilized, 
as the chloride of chromium or ozone paste liquefied to the 
consistence of cream and applied. Great care must be exercised 
not to touch the sound parts ; peroxide of hydrogen as a local 
application is often invaluable. Papoid, if the case admits of 
its use. 

Hemorrhage in all cases most effectually controlled by the 
administration of ergot. 

With a liberal use of the Chian turpentine mixture and 
glycerite of sulphur, vaginal injections of resorcin, no physician 
need fear to do wonders in the wav of cure. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 151 

Cancer of the Bladder. — The great majority of all 
morbid growths of the bladder are simple in their initial 
stage, but gradually become malignant under conditions of irri- 
tation ; carcinoma of the bladder is usually deposited in the base 
of the organ, and has a tendency to remain quiescent or latent 
for many years. This is said to be due to the absence of 
lymphatic in its walls. Pain and hematuria are its leading 
symptoms — although augmentation of the normal quantity of 
urine is considerable — profound anemia increasing with the 
progress of the malady. Shreds or detached pieces of the 
neoplasm are found in the urine. In such cases the walls of the 
bladder are dotted over with papillomata. The pain is excru- 
ciating, precedes the hematuria, sharp, lancinating, radiating 
to the thighs, from the symphysis pubes; local tenderness, 
patches of induration. Papillomata are the most frequent of all 
bladder growths — proliferations of the natural structure of the 
vesicle mucosa, forming papillae or protrusions covered over 
with cylindrical epithelium — commence from a base, form a 
stalk. 

CARIES ET NECROSIS. — Caries, a molecular disintegra- 
tion of the spongy or soft bones ; necrosis, an analogous condi- 
tion attacking the hard bones — conditions corresponding to 
ulceration and mortification. 

There might exist a predisposing cause in tubercle, syphilis, 
cancer; the exciting cause is mechanical violence, an injury of 
some kind. Inflammation, with dull, aching pain, follows; 
an abscess forms, which may burrow into the neighboring parts, 
and, if not arrested, finally bursts, discharging a thin, watery 
pus containing the debris of bone, which feels gritty. 

In the treatment, free incisions and a liberal use of glucozone, 
ozonized echinacea and other intiseptics. 

Good air, the best of nursing and diet are indispensable re- 
quisites. 

Another method is to dress the ulcer with hydrochloric acid 
of a strength sufficiently great to dissolve the lime salts con- 
tained in the exposed bone at its base, i. e., ten per cent. This is 
applied on a double fold of lint, cut to the shape of the necrosed 
area, and covered with a layer of gutta-percha tissue; over 
this is placed lint smeared with boracic ointment, a pad of 
absorbent wool, and a bandage. This is left on for twenty- four 
hours, then removed, and the ulcer washed with boracic acid, 
and pepsin in the powdered form dusted lightly over the sur- 



152 Twentieth Century Practice. 

face. The lint, impregnated with a 0.2 per cent solution of 
hydrochloric acid, is applied as before. The dressing is re- 
moved next day, and replaced by the strong acid dressing, and 
so on alternately. By this means the bone is slowly dissolved, 
the necrosed parts are cast off, and a healthy granulating sur- 
face is left. The boracic acid dressing is used, cicatrization 
proceeds, and the ulcer becomes covered with epithelium. 

CARUNCLE. — A fleshy excrescence often met with on or 
adjacent to the female urethra. 

It is quite amenable to the ozonized oil of thj|ia. Cotton 
saturated with the same and applied, it speedily dRappears. 

CARYOPHYLLUS.— A variety of plants of the natural 
order, myrtaceae. The most important is the clove-tree 
Cloves are the immature flower buds of this plant. They pos- 
sess valuable aromatic, carminative, and stimulant properties. 
Oil of cloves is a volatile oil obtained from the clove. It sinks 
in water, and has a burning, acrid taste. This oil is used fre- 
quently to stop the pain of toothache, but acts better in com- 
bination with cocain. 

Pulverized cloves is often an effective remedy in malaria, 
combined with cinchona and capsicum. 

CASCARA SAGRADA.— The bark of a small tree in- 
digenous to the Pacific Coast. 

Chemistry. — Contains red and light yellow resins, tannic, 
oxalic and malic acids, some starch and a crystallizable alka- 
loid. 

Physiological Action. — Stimulates the pneumogastric and 
vagus, and motor cells and ganglia of the sympathetic which 
supplies the intestinal tract, aids the general process of diges- 
tion. 

Therapeutical Action. — Useful in habitual constipation of 
the alimentary canal, in hepatic torpor and deficiency of in- 
testinal secretion, in an abrogation of the peristaltic wave. 

Preparations and Doses. — A decoction is used, half an ounce 
of the ground bark to one pint of water ; fluid extract from ten 
to thirty drops ; a lozenge in which the bitter principle is elimi- 
nated; excellent form; two after each meal. 

Is very generally recognized as a remedy for habitual con- 
stipation, dependent on a torpid liver and intestinal tract. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 153 

In this lozenge the bitter principle is perfectly eliminated, 
but in no way does it impair its therapeutical properties, but 
rather intensifies its action, while overcoming habitual consti- 
pation exerts a permanent tonic or vitalizing action upon the 
intestines. Every physician bears testimony to the fact that 
these lozenges are superior to any other preparation of the 
plant. 

Another most reliable remedy for chronic constipation is 
ozonized extract of kola nut, either in a paste or lozenge. 

CASTRATION ET SPAYING.— The testes make the man, 
the ovaries the woman. Castration is an operation for the re- 
moval of the testicles, which may be incomplete by the removal 
of one only, or complete by the removal of both. If the latter 
the individual is rendered incapable of reproduction, and the 
brain, deprived of its vitalizing elements of nutrition, suffers, 
while ramollisment, that is its substance, both gray and white, 
softens, its typical fissures of thought become obliterated, the 
mental calibre evaporates, all the attributes of effeminacy and 
degeneration seize the victim; latterly insanity, or complete 
migration of the soul. 

The leading lights of modern scientific medicine urge the 
imperative necessity of this operation as a cure for epilepsy due 
to masturbation and spermatorrhea; as a cure for enlarged 
prostate, with difficulty of micturition. In all cases insanity is 
the sequel. 

Spaying, castration, removal of one or both ovaries, de- 
prives a woman's brain of all her divine attributes, her finer 
sensibility. When both are removed she becomes uncouth, her 
features, coarse, a vacancy instead of brilliancy in her eye ; her 
voice masculine, repulsive, loathing, unattractive ; a demon, in- 
stead of a mother of herself. Very eminent members of our 
noble profession urge the removal of the ovaries for certain 
uterine diseases, such as cancer tumors, neuralgia, inter- 
menstrual dysmneorrhea, neurotic affections. In this city we 
have professors with private hospitals, drawing an annual in- 
come of over one hundred thousand dollars from spaying 
women with no uterine disease whatever — performed simply 
to escape the responsibilities of motherhood. 

CATARACT. — Consists of an opacity of the crystalline 
lens, or its capsule, or both; the effect being to intercept the 
rays of light on their way to the retina. Three forms are usu- 



154 Twentieth Century Practice. 

ally recognized according to situation of opacity, viz., lenticu- 
lar, capsular, and capsulo-lenticular. 

Causes. — The causes that give rise to opacity of the crystal- 
line lens are either inflammation or degeneration of structure. 

Symptoms. — Hard or lenticular cataract, or degeneration 
is the most common form met with in both sexes between fifty 
and seventy years of age. It causes objects to be seen as if 
through a thick cloud or gauze ; allows vision to be more clear 
when pupil is dilated with atropine, or by turning back to light. 
In advanced cases vision is reduced to distinguishing light from 
darkness. Commonly, one eye becomes affected first, then the 
other. Movement of iris natural; when pupil is dilated with 
atropia cataract can be distinctly seen with a glass of small 
focus ; when cataract forms, lenticular opacities can be readily 
seen by ophthalmoscope. 

Soft, or lenticular cataract of young people, may occur at 
any time of life. Congenital cataract is of this kind, due to 
disintegration of the whole substance of lens, which becomes 
opaque and swollen. Symptoms are the same as the hard, only 
vision more imperfect. This form often depends, or is caused, 
by a defect in the co-ordinating chemical centre in the brain; 
hence it is common in diabetes and other diseases connected 
with that part of the brain. 

Capsular cataract is more especially the result of chronic 
inflammation and effusion of lymph into its covering; opacity 
of a dead white capsule; it may react any portion of capsule. 
Opacity of capsule always leads to opacity of lens, so that cap- 
sulo-lenticular cataract is very common. 

CATALEPSY. — This very rare disease is found almost ex- 
clusively among women, though occasional examples are met 
with in the other sex. It is marked by the recurrence of fits, 
which may be repeated several times in the same day. The 
features of the fit or convulsion are the following : The patient 
may experience headache, lassitude, dizziness, or trembling, 
and be suddenly stricken motionless, so that, if he be engaged 
in walking or using either the upper or lower extremities in 
any way, they become fixed, and remain in whatever position 
they may be in, no matter how constrained. It is possible, how- 
ever, for another person to bend the limb in a new position, in 
which it stays until the muscles become fatigued. The limbs 
feel semi-rigid, and as if made of wax or some half-resisting 
material, so peculiar is the contraction. The patient is utterly 



Twentieth Century Practice. 155 

unconscious during the seizure, and remains so during its con- 
tinuance, which lasts, perhaps, for an hour or two, or even for 
several days, but this is rare. The skin is numb and insensitive, 
so that pins may be thrust in to some distance without produc- 
ing pain. 

Cases of trance usually come under this head, and religious 
history is full of examples of what was simply ecstasy or cata- 
lepsy. 

Fright, malarial poisoning, anemia, or other impoverished 
states of the blood, enter into the production of catalepsy, and 
it is commonly a disease of early life. The prospect of cure is 
discouraging unless it be of malarial or emotional origin, and 
not connected with hereditary nervous disease or insanity. Cold 
water douches may be used during the attack, and the patient 
must be kept perfectly quiet. 

CATARRH. — A superficial inflammation of the follicles of 
a mucous membrane, with an excessive discharge of mucus', 
in which the primary elements of nutrition are changed, de- 
graded into other living matter, with a new and independent 
existence. 

Generally met with in an acute and chronic form. 

Nasal catarrh, in the acute form, generally owes its exist- 
ence to cold, damp, exposure, congestive chill ; also due to the 
inhalation of dust, gases ; idiosyncrasy to certain drugs, as io- 
dine, ipecac. 

Nasal Catarrh, Chronic. — Physiologically and patho- 
logically the nose is an organ of much importance. Its posi- 
tion and functions expose it to injury, to variable temperatures, 
chemical and mechanical irritants, which excite inflammatory 
states. 

In all cases of chronic nasal catarrh there is a thickening 
of its internal lining membrane, which to a certain extent gives 
rise to some obstruction, not an occlusion, but simply a thick- 
ening or contraction. 

Removal of the cause is the first step to a cure. Local medi- 
cation is of much value in all cases of this form of catarrh. 
Ozone et chlorine, when used in any strength from one to two 
drams to the pint of tepid water by a douche, is far reaching in 
its effects, ridding the nostrils of all morbid tissue and excit- 
ing a healthy action, at the same time destroying germinal 
matter. 

At the commencement of the treatment of all cases of nasal 



156 Twentieth Century Practice. 

catarrh, one application of the nasal douche charged with ozone 
et chlorine will do an immense amount of good, destroys all 
germs, removes thickening, establishes a healthy base upon 
which the renewal of tissue can be built. 

Subsequently a cure can be established by the use of anti- 
septic solutions, of which resorcin and siegesbeckie is the best ; 
internally saxifraga comp. 

Some cases are complicated by ulcers on the nasal septum, 
which are often the source of its chronicity, and epistaxis. If 
such exist apply permanganate of potassa in solid form, thus : 
A probe wrapped in cotton, slightly moist, is dipped in finely 
powdered permanganate of potassa, and applied to the affected 
surface, the surplus being washed away. Varicosities of the 
septum often yield to this procedure. 

Dry catarrh is an atrophic state of the nasal mucous mem- 
brane, in which the amoeba sporulates, and forms a very te- 
nacious secretion, which dries upon the surface. In addition 
to the douche or spray of the ozone et chlorine, much good is 
obtained by improving nutrition, not only of the mucous mem- 
brane, but the general health. Sponge baths, massage, warm 
clothing, most nutritious diet. 

A disinfectant spray of ozonized boroglyceride should be 
used every evening, and occasionally a spray of the following : 
Aqua distilled, four ounces; oil of eucalyptus, thirty drops; 
menthol, ten grains ; tincture iodine and formalin, of each five 
drops ; mix. Use in atomizer. 

All catarrhs are contagious and infectious. No doubt of 
their being influenced by certain atmospheric and meteoro- 
logical conditions. The chief cause of all catarrhs is a deficient 
vitality, extreme excitability or neuroses of mucous membranes 
from some cause. 

The function of all mucous membranes are essentially iden- 
tical, but in the process of their partial death, or gather in their 
germinal evolution they differ much. In chroni£ nasal catarrh 
there is an evolution of the "amoeba" on the Schneider ian mem- 
brane; in the bronchial, the "conferva;" in the urethra the 
"gonococcus ;" in the bladder, the "mitrococcus urese;" in the 
uterus, a special germ; in the stomach, the "sarcinse;" on the 
membranes of the brain a "diplococcus." 

In the treatment of all forms of catarrh, they all require 
improved nutrition and bracing tonics, and local vitalizing 
germicides. 

For a bracing tonic no drug can excel the concentrated tine- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 157 

ture kurchicin. It is extremely valuable, administered thrice 
daily in sufficient doses. It is a drug that affords immediate 
results which are invariably beneficial. It is a remedy given in 
the initial stage that will break it up. In the advanced stage 
curative. 

Inhalation of liquid ozone may cure a recent case, but for all 
chronic cases of nasal catarrh, either a douche or spray of ozone 
et chlorine is indispensable. 

In some instances iodol snuff helps; gargles of chlorate of 
carbon prove serviceable; one teaspoonful of a saturated 
solution of this in a tumbler of tepid water. If there be 
cough, much laryngeal-irritation, the pine-tree tablets afford 
speedy relief. 

The term catarrh is applied to all weak, relaxed, devitalized 
conditions of a mucous membrane. In whatever location this 
exists it is characterized by the evolution of a special patho- 
genic microbe ; in nasal catarrh the amceba ; in gastric and in- 
testinal catarrh the sarcinae ventriculi; if relaxation pervades 
the mucous coat of the bladder the micrococcus urae; and so 
with the uterus, vagina, rectum. From the fact of its bacterial 
origin, all catarrhs are infectious and contagious. 

Each form may have an acute stage, ushered in with rigors, 
febrile reaction, suggestive of the presence of an organism or its 
toxin in the blood. 

Nasal catarrh is predisposed to by our very variable climate, 
sudden heats and colds, sudden gusts of a highly oxygenized 
atmosphere, etc. It is, therefore, the most prevailing malady 
of our country. 

The nasal discharge may be either profuse or scanty. If the 
frontal sinus be invaded it may trickle down the fauces, giving 
rise to laryngeal and lung trouble. In cases, nasal, head 
sinuses, laryngeal, bronchial or aural, the toxins enter the 
blood, give rise to languor, debility, prostration, general mis- 
ery, whereas their elimination by the ozone et chlorine or other 
germicides is attended by cheeriness and restoration to health. 

One thorough douching with ozone et chlorine in all cases 
will bring away the entire colony of germs, and if constitu- 
tional treatment is pushed with vigor so as to prevent a further 
evolution of germs in the respiratory tract, a good cure is the 
result. 

But where the germ and its toxins have involved the larynx 
and there is aphonia, or the Eustachian tube and there is deaf- 
ness, or the bronchi and there is difficulty of breathing with ir- 



158 Twentieth Century Practice. 

ritative cough, other remedies besides the douche of ozone et 
chlorine must be resorted to. 

In our present germicidal treatment of catarrh, no remedy 
stands by a physician so well as a good alterative, which we 
have in saxifraga. The remedy was only introduced a few 
years ago, but is now very generally used in a diversified num- 
ber of diseases, with uniform success, that it is now a standard. 
It is not only a potent germicide, but acts energetically upon 
the nerves of nutrition, and can be relied upon in all germ dis- 
eases, as tuberculosis, cancer and syphilis. 

After it enters the blood and annihilates germs its renovating 
action upon the lymphatic granular system has a most salu- 
tary effect when new blood is needed for repair. All physicians 
who prescribe it advise its exhibition in about half a teaspoon- 
ful doses thrice daily. 

Inhalations are of great utility in the laryngeal, bronchial 
and aural forms. Probably c. p. guaiacol is the most efficient. 

I have been much pleased with the action of the ozonized dis- 
tillate of witch hazel. It certainly is a most invaluable remedy 
for either douche or gargling. 

Since the introduction of the pine-tree tablets, I have invari- 
ably prescribed them in all my cases of nasal catarrh. I have 
the patient merely keeps one in the mouth, swallows it as it dis- 
solves. By adopting this method the volatile ozoniferous prin- 
ciple of the pine diffuses itself in every direction, even to the 
sinuses of the head, larynx, bronchi, ear, and as it does this, 
symptom by symptom vanishes — the headache and trickling 
down the fauces, the hoarseness and loss of voice, the cough 
and difficulty of breathink, even the hearing improves. Here 
then is a harmless method of amelioration, at least. 

Inherent weakness of organization, together with some de- 
pressing agent, as exposure to variations of temperature, cold 
and wet, give rise to the evolution in the mucous membrane, 
which lines the nasal cavity, the pathogenic microbe, the 
amoeba, which when fully fledged renders common nasal ca- 
tarrh contagious ; every individual, if in feeble health, in close 
proximity is liable to become its victim. With the evolution 
of the germ the mucous membrane swells, becomes inflamed, 
which gives rise to a feeling of stuffiness in the nose ; if microbic 
growth be great in the frontal sinus the eyes will be affected ; 
if in the vicinity of the Eustachian tubes they will be closed 
and deafness results ; if in the throat and air passages there will 
be hoarseness, probably aphonia. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 159 

After a few days the mucous discharge becomes thicker, 
more opaque and profuse. This may continue for some time, 
during which time the patient is extremely liable to fresh at- 
tacks. 

Epidemic catarrh, or influenza, being due to certain elec- 
trical and meteorological atmospheric conditions, with an at- 
mospheric germ, is usually ushered in with great depression of 
vital force, rigors, sneezing, water discharge, eyes suffused, 
cough, gone feeling, congestion of lungs, aphonia, difficulty of 
breathing, loss of flesh and strength, hectic. 

The toxins of the amoeba give rise to a cachexia, debility, 
pasty complexion, headache, many cases of epilepsy seizure, 
neuralgia. 

The toxins of epidemic catarrh are alarmingly prostrating 
to the nervous system, and it frequently leaves that portion of 
our bodies in a state of chaos. What have we got to annihilate 
these two foes to human existence? 

If it be true that the toxins of these two germs give rise to all 
the trouble, and that the skin is an important emunctory, a ra- 
tional basis of treatment is the use of the alcoholic vapor bath. 
Sweating assists in the elimination of the toxins, leaving less 
poison behind in the body. Normal sweat is toxical if reab- 
sorbed, but the sweat of catarrh, of epidemic influenza, phthisis 
pulmonalis, pneumonia, diphtheria, typhoid fever, tetanus, is 
deadly if injected under the skin of any domestic animal. The 
sweat is the main vehicle for skin excretion, and if aided by 
other remedies will break up catarrh. 

The body, both in its normal and pathological state, is a re-, 
ceptacle, as well as a laboratory, for the generation of poisons. 
Ozone, the great scavenger of nature, is the remedy locally 
and internally. 

As a rule, the best remedy in epidemic influenza or catarrh 
is the ozonized concentrated tincture of passiflora incarnata, 
administered in moderate doses, but frequently, until the pa- 
tient is thoroughly under its influence, with confinement to bed. 
For a tonic in all cases, matricaria. 

The chronic form of catarrh, which is so common in our 
Western States, is best treated by washing out the nasal organ, 
fauces, with a weak solution of ozone et chlorine, once or twice 
a week. Here the best internal remedy is comp. saxifraga, 
which should be administered for several months. 

The leading medical authority in America says : Individuals 
suffering from neurasthenia, exposed to the vicissitudes of 



160 Twentieth Century Practice. 

rapid changes of temperature, sudden heats and colds, intense 
atmospheric, changes, greater in North America than any other 
nation in the world, very naturally have frequent attacks of 
acute catarrh, liable at any time to either terminate in chronic 
catarrh, in ozena, chronic laryngitis, or bronchitis. 

In the passing from the acute to the chronic form, the evolu- 
tion of the amoeba is most prodigious, much greater than in the 
acute or well-established chronic. 

The amoeba, when once thoroughly established in the air 
passages, sporulates freely, and migrates into every nook and 
corner; especially are they prone to penetrate the Eustachian 
tube, and give rise to ear trouble, deafness, aphonia. 

All stages of nasal catarrh are contagious and infectious. 
Its toxin, whether the germ be in the nose, ear, throat or 
bronchi, enters the blood, impairs the function of cell nutri- 
tion, damages the nervous system, induces such pathological 
conditions as chorea, vertigo and epilepsy, besides giving rise 
to a pasty or doughy appearance of the skin, debility, goneness, 
a special cachexia. 

The grand fields of germicidal growth, toxin excreta, ul- 
ceration, with a complete metamorphosis of normal tissue, are 
in the nose, Eustachian tube, fauces, larynx, bronchi — a patho- 
logical condition which bears great care, good food, alteratives 
and tonics ; but we are very doubtful if the entire list of such 
remedies ever cure a single case. Nevertheless, such a course 
fortifies the vital forces to resist the ingress and prevent the 
evolution of this germ, which is something. 

Ozone et chlorine is the specific germicide for the amoeba. 
If it can be applied it will annihilate the germ, and, as an active 
scavenger, antidote its ptomain, wipe it from the tissues. It 
also rouses up in the patient the vital elements of a new exist- 
ence. The remedy has a natural affinity for the germ, which 
is common in all cavities and hollow organs when vitally de- 
pressed. 

The treatment for a radical cure must be direct, to the nose. 
Eustachian tube and larynx, by the nasal douche; to the bron- 
chial tubes by atomized vapor. 

The treatment in all cases must be administered by a physi- 
cian, a believer in bacteriology, the remedy he uses in from 
thirty drops up to two drams to the pint of tepid water, vari- 
able in strength according to his judgment. In all cases, before 
applying, the fauces should be painted with the remedy in 
about half its strength. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 161 

Taking all into account, a progressive course is the best, be- 
ginning with thirty drops to the pint and increasing up to two 
drams. 

Still, if desirable, a positive cure in one treatment can be 
effected; that is, a cure that will drive every amoeba from the 
air passages. But for general practice a slower method affords 
more permanent results. 

Another form of chronic catarrh commences with distinct 
evidence of disease of the nose or naso-pharynx, and in chil- 
dren and young persons it is very often due to and kept up by 
the presenece of post-natal adenoid growths. The occurrence 
of tinnitus is not constant, nor is it so marked a feature at the 
onset of the disease ; there is usually distinct evidence of Eus- 
tachian narrowing, with generally considerable improvement 
on inflation. This is chronic moist catarrh of the middle ear. 
In most instances it has originated in a recognizable acute at- 
tack of naso-pharyngeal and Eustachian catarrh, and it is most 
amenable to the ozone et chlorine in the same strength as for 
nasal catarrh. 

The ozone et chlorine, either by spray (atomizer) or by 
douche, is the most effective remedy ever discovered for eradi- 
cating this germ from the body. The destruction of the germ 
must be followed up by the exhibition of comp. matricaria be- 
fore meals, with thyroid extract and c. p. solution of spermin. 

If nasal catarrh be not either cured by drug or effaced by a 
restoration of vital force, it is bound to terminate in ozena. 

We read a great deal, see a great deal, and hear a great deal 
about nasal catarrh, one of the prevailing infectious and con- 
tagious maladies of the present age. 

In the treatment of nasal catarrh, internal or constitutional 
remedies do not do much good ; that is, you cannot depend on 
them for a cure. They benefit simply by improving the gen- 
eral health. Alteratives and tonics help, but their action in all 
cases must be aided by a local treatment, either in the form of 
atomized fluids or solutions in a douche. 

As a rufe there is little use in supplying the patient with 
either, for he is unable to use them with precision; never can 
get more than a temporary benefit. He is unable, either with 
the spray or douche, to get the remedy far enough back; he 
simply gets it over the anterior ends of the turbinated bones, 
very seldom reaching the seat of the disease where the microbes 
are at work. This should be performed by a physician of skill, 
and as the entire Schneiderian member is either thickly cov- 



1 62 Twentieth Century Practice. 

ered with a germ-laden mucus, or incrustation, a medicament 
of sufficient potency should be used to penetrate the mucus or 
incrustations. Such a remedy we have in the ozone et chlorine 
used in either of two methods. 

For this purpose the remdy at first should be applied weak, 
but thorough, cleansing the diseased tissues ; there must be no 
irritation. After cleansing one nostril and then the other, wait 
a few minutes, then blow out and re-apply. Much good can be 
accomplished. 

The strength of the solution, as strong as possible so it does 
not irritate, tepid, and in quantity about a pint. 

If the patient is to use it himself, he should be instructed to 
hold the nosepiece so that the current will pass directly back 
through the nose, thus covering the turbinates through their 
full length, and reach the posterior nares, and by holding the 
breath well, will pass down the other nostril. 

As the case progresses, for ozone et chlorine is never failing 
in its action, other agents, such as resorcin, permanganate po- 
tass may be used in weak solutions. 

Don't wase time, neither get swindled by the use of nasal 
bougies nor other clap-trap pushed forward by unscrupulous 
drug houses. Give the patient an honest deal. 

Gastric Catarrh. — The causes which give rise to it are either 
gross carelessness on the part of the afflicted individual in 
hasty eating, drinking excessively of fluids, adulterated food, 
improper medication. 

Indiscretion in eating, excessive drinking, account for a very 
large percentage of cases. 

It is by far the most common form of dyspepsia or indiges- 
tion; the mucous membrane of the stomach is damaged, de- 
vitalized ; there is always, in all cases, an excessive secretion of 
mucus, in which an evolution of the sarcinse ventriculi takes 
place ; here it sporulates and grows, with more or less activity, 
according to the intensity of the depression and the amount of 
mucus excreted. In this state of bacterial life and growth, 
toxins are freely elaborated, which are absorbed into the blood, 
which give rise to cerebral depression, headache, weakness, ver- 
tigo, impairment of the senses, general deterioration from im- 
perfect digestion, want of nutrition, anemia. Although not 
essentially a water-bourne malady, the use of fluids aggravates 
its intensity, and promotes an extraordinary volume of mi- 
crobic growth. 

A most essential point in the treatment of any case is to limit 



Twentieth Century Practice. 163 

the use of fluids, especially before and during meals. The diet 
should be most nutritious, solid, and be thoroughly masticated. 

The use of ordinary doses of comp. tincture matricaria before 
meals has a most happy effect in toning up the walls of a re- 
laxed stomach ; one of the best and most efficacious of all reme- 
dies, its use never should be omitted. 

Immediately after eating, either ozone water or peroxide of 
hydrogen should be administered, to inhibit germ growth, and 
annihilate old spores or pockets. 

The sarcinse in gastric catarrh make germ lesions in the 
stomach walls, favorite sites for cancer deposit. There should, 
therefore, be a thorough eradication of the germ, a strengthen- 
ing and bracing up of tissues, to efface all weak spots which are 
favorable to the lodgment of the cancer neoplasm. To effect 
this the patient should be encouraged to drink at all times, and 
under all circumstances, an infusion of kaki, which has such a 
remarkable tonic action on the stomach walls. 

Ichthyol is a favorite remedy by many in gastric catarrh. It 
is usually administered as follows : Make a mass by rubbing 
up ichthyol in gum tragacanth to the consistency of putty, then 
inserting in five grain capsules is about the best mode of admin- 
istration. 

It not only kills the sarcinse. neutralizes toxins, but has a 
happy effect in increasing digestive activity; bowels are regu- 
lated, a freshness and elasticity is imparted to the whole body. 
One or two capsules, thrice daily, is the dose that effaces the 
sarcinse ventriculi, and cures cases of gastro-intestinal catarrh 
of twenty and thirty years' standing. 

The sulphocarbolate of zinc and soda are not of much utility 
in gastric catarrh, although exceedingly valuable in fermenta- 
tive diarrhea. 

The relaxation of the mucous coat of the stomach, and an 
excessive secretion of mucus, in which an evolution of the sar- 
cinse ventriculi takes place. It is in this mucus this micro- 
organism grows and is nourished, and in it it sometimes ac- 
quires prodigious proportions, and even endangers life. 

The causes which give rise to this very prevalent form of 
stomach trouble are extremely numerous, and likely in the near 
future to be more common as food contamination becomes more 
persistent. Drinking excessively of liquids, especially beer, 
most productive of it; imperfect or hasty mastication, nasal 
catarrh. 

The use of alkalies and other drugs, etc. 



164 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The destruction of the sarcinae ventriculi in the stomach, and 
the prevention of repeated crops have, since the Thompsonian 
era, been a stumbling block in the medical arena. 

Samuel Thompson administered emetics of lobelia, and fol- 
lowed it up by copious draughts of a decoction of bayberry, and 
cured all his cases, but both people and the profession have be- 
come fastidious and dropped the emetic and bayberry tea, and 
for a century the people have been the sufferers, and the victims 
of unscrupulous charlatans. 

The trouble has been to completely annihilate the sarcinae 
without in any way injuring the coats of the stomach. 

According to the extensive clinical experience of every bac- 
teriologist in these States, some twenty thousand men of great 
ability and truth, men who abhor ignorance and the miserable 
twaddle of specifics, the perfect destruction of this micro-or- 
ganism in the stomach, and the production of a vitalizing action 
on the different coats of the stomach can be effected in every 
case by administering the ozonized jelly of ichthyol in doses of 
from fourteen to thirty grains one hour before meals in any 
suitable vehicle. 

The remedy should be given, although simple and harmless, 
under the guidance of an honest physician. 

Meals should be solid, well masticated, and with them an 
avoidance of all liquids. After commencing with the remedy, 
do not expect big results the first twenty-four hours. Sooner 
or later, however, the expected improvement begins ; the nausea 
and vomiting cease, the constipation or diarrhea is improved; 
the flatulence is no longer troublesome ; the headache becomes 
less frequent ; and, of more real value than these, the improve- 
ment in the general condition of the patient becomes evident. 
The color, the weight, the appetite, the sleep, the spirits of the 
patient, all show a change for the better. Of all the symptoms, 
the pain is the one which is apt to persist the longest, and that 
also disappears. 

The toxin of the sarcinae is one of the chief causes of the pres- 
ent neurasthenia and so-called nervousness ; besides in all cases 
digestion is imperfect; the fermentation induced by this germ 
evolves toxins from decaying food, which enter the circulation, 
giving rise to strange nervous sensation, disturbance of 
thought, irritability. 

Catarrh of the Stomach in Children. — Until within 
these few years back the sarcinae ventriculi was not met with in 
childhood, now it is one of the commonest derangements of 



Twentieth Century Practice. 165 

rhat period of life among rich and poor. It is a constant danger 
to hand-fed babies, and forms one of our chief obstacles to the 
raising of infants. In older children it is of frequent occur- 
rence. It seriously affects their nutrition, and interferes with 
development and growth. Mothers term it biliousness. The 
little one loses its appetite,, mopes, lies about, has a dull, pasty 
or yellow complexion, and looks dark under the eyes. At night 
it sleeps badly, and is restless and irritable during the day. If 
the tongue is protruded there is a fur on it, with a coat in the 
centre; the breath is sour-smelling; there is a fullness about the 
stomach ; all indicating catarrh of the stomach, which, with its 
fungus, interferes with the digestion of the food. It may be 
vomited or pass by the bowels, but it leaves the stomach weak, 
and another is likely to follow, and nutrition is seriously im- 
paired. In addition to the above symptoms, affected children 
complain of pains in abdomen and sides, and are likely to suffer 
from vertigo, syncope from pressure upward of the distended 
stomach and against the diaphragm and heart. Bowels usually 
are constipated. 

Catarrhal conditions of the intestines, in which a dwarfed 
species of the sarcoinae is developed, yields readily to the per- 
sistent administration of ozonized extract of Collinsonia and 
Virginia stone crop. 

This dwarfed species of the sarcinae is to be found in all cases 
of chronic diarrhea and catarrh of the bowels in groups of four 
and eight. 

Catarrh of the Neck of Uterus. — Is the most common 
of all diseases that afflict modern women. Catarrh of the neck 
of the uterus, called by the physicians ulceration, so as to make 
it appear a formidable affair, and frighten their patients. It 
is true the disease is chronic, but erroneous statements regard- 
ing it are unnecessary. 

In this affection the mucous membrane is swollen, red, and 
bleeds easily, and exudes a mucopurulent fluid or pus. This 
can be readily seen. The mucous membrane has a punctate, 
granular appearance; its papilla? are often denuded, and only 
affects the neck, which is distinct from the body of the uterus, 
and constitutes a large, open gland, which is liable to catarrh. 
The disease is of the greatest importance, on account of its fre- 
quency, being the most common. 

Catarrh of the neck is caused by sexual excesses, wearing 
sponges, rubber tents, childless marriage, abortion, tedious 
full-time delivery, cold, rheumatism, gout, gonorrhea^ suppres- 



1 66 Twentieth Century Practice. 

sion of the menses, sedentary occupations, masturbation and 
other forms of irritation. 

Symptoms. — The ordinary symptoms are pain in the back, 
about the base of the sacrum, which is the common seat of 
cervical pain ; pain down the thighs ; a feeling of weight about 
the rectum or lower part of the belly, and a variety of reflex 
symptoms, as headache, languor, and a train of indescribable 
sensations. What chiefly attracts the patient's attention is the 
extraordinary discharge, leukorrhea or whites being profuse, 
or otherwise of a thick, yellow, viscid color, imparting a dirty 
grayish-yellow stain, varying from the healthy crystalline mu- 
cus to yellowness or greenness, or thick, ropy, yellow pus. 

A white, milky discharge cannot be called morbid ; it is the 
vaginal mucus in excess, and occurs in weakly women, after a 
long walk. A glairy, albuminous crystalline discharge can 
scarcely be called morbid, as it comes from the neck, when the 
patient suffers from extreme debility ; but a yellowish, greenish 
discharge indicates disease. Here one speculum examination is 
necessary, and it should be made by the duck-bill speculum, in 
the presenece of some lady friend or the husband. The mirror- 
glass speculum shows the disease most beautifully, if there is 
any, and the attendant can see it. No other speculum examina- 
tion is necessary. The patient can now, in nearly all cases,, 
manage her treatment successfully; remove the cause, if pos- 
sible. She should be placed upon alteratives, as saxifraga and 
uterine tonics, wine of aletris farinosa alternated with comp. 
syrup of partridge berry. The vagina should be injected by 
means of a half gallon fountain syringe filled with a tepid solu- 
tion of boroglyceride thrice daily. After each injection patient 
should lie down for one hour at least on her back, and insert 
one nymphse odorata pastil well up against the neck, and on 
retiring to bed an ozonized pastil should be inserted. The 
bowels in all cases must be kept regular by either one kolatina 
tablet at bedtime or fruit, such as prunes, during the day. 

Nutrition should be attended to. If appetite is poor, comp. 
matricaria. 

Intra-Uterine Catarrh. — One of the most common mala- 
dies of the modern female, induced by such causes as gonor- 
rhea, sexual excesses, sexual incompatibility, metritis, miscar- 
riages, retention of the products of conception, the introduction 
of the uterine sound, metastasis of disease germs, and the like, 
which give rise to a partial death of the intra-uterine mucous 
membrane, leaving it weak, relaxed, pouring out its mucous 



Twentieth Century Practice. 167 

secretion, in which an evolution of the amoeba, yeast plant and 
sarcinse takes place. The bacterial products of the growth of 
these germs — toxins — give rise to a feeling of goneness ; a so- 
called hysteria, headache, dyspepsia, bloating, with an inde- 
scribable burning in the hands and feet; a germ-laden leukor- 
rheal discharge, most copious after getting up, which is in- 
tensely acid. 

The sequelae are sterility, dysmenorrhea, and ultimately the 
cancer neoplasm puts in an appearance. 

At least two-thirds of American ladies are victims of intra- 
uterine catarrh. Most experienced physicians find this malady 
difficult to manage; nay, some pronounce it incurable, simply 
because they have failed to realize that the cavity of the uterus, 
with its entire mucous membrane, is but a colony of millions of 
microbes, factors of morbid action, the precursors of cancerous 
deposit. 

Never inject the uterine cavity in these cases; never insert 
bougies prepared of any drug. Simply wash out the vagina 
with a tepid solution of boroglyceride, and subsequently have 
the patient insert a pastil of white pond lily at 9 and 12 a. m., 
and one at 5 p. m., and on retiring for the night one prepared 
from the oil of thuja. These are sufficient to annihilate the 
yeast plant, amoeba, sarcinae, etc. 

These pastils are inserted well up against the os uteri ; the 
patient in the recumbent position for an hour; used for three 
weeks out of every four for three or four consecutive months. 
This is indispensable, as the uterus is considerably dilated, and 
its walls much thickened. 

At the initial period of treatment place the patient upon full 
doses of the wine of the aletris farinosa. This is a most effi- 
cacious remedy, as it induces contractility of the body of the 
uterus as well as its walls; it tones and vitalizes, being a re- 
storative of great power. 

With this treatment comes a change — a drying up of a 
morbid secretion, with no auto-infection ; a diminution of stric- 
ture, with every infective germ wiped out, an alkaline secretion 
re-established, and the once barren fertile and strong. 

The ozonized wine of aletris farinosa excels all remedies as- 
a uterine invigorator. 

Catarrh of the Reproductive Gland. — The ozonized 
extract of black willow is a medicament which has been much 
overlooked, nay neglected, in intra-uterine catarrh and in semi- 
nal leakages. The ozonized extract of black willow is a remedy 



1 68 Twentieth Century Practice. 

of unquestionable efficacy and great merit. No better remedy 
has ever been presented to the profession for the cure of sper- 
matorrhea, catarrh of prostate, seminal vesicles and testes, for 
the weeping penis of our drained-out youth, or the devitalized 
reproductive glands of the libertine. It is a good remedy in 
itself, but its therapeutic action is enhanced by combining it in 
equal proportions with passiflora incarnata. 

The ozonized extract of black willow works well, adminis- 
tered orally ; better when prescribed by suppository and soluble 
bougie. There is only one objection to its use, and that is its 
astringent properties, which can be easily overcome by the kola 
nut lozenge. 

All catarrhs in North America owe their origin to a neurosis. 
Speaking therapeutically, simultaneously with the excessive 
secretion of mucus, measures and agents which prove to be 
efficient in the cure of nervous disease are most valuable, such 
as rest, massage, nutritious food, matricaria, thyroid extract 
and c. p. solution of spermin. 

In all catarrhs, for each one has its microbe, each infectious, 
a retention of each one's respective toxin, the products of in- 
complete oxidization giving rise to goneness, depression, gen- 
eral misery, are best overcome by the organic extracts, which 
are remarkable for their potency as oxidizing agents, and for 
their promptness in action. 

Catarrh of the Bladder. — Becoming daily more common 
in both sexes, but especially in the male. In early life, cold, 
exposure, uric acid in excess are common causes; later gonor- 
rhea, masturbation, sexual excesses, various morbid changes 
in the prostate, including degeneration. In all cases the mi- 
crococci urese are evolved. 

All the old treatment by buchu, uva ursi, Pareira bran a is 
discontinued ; even injecting the bladder with antiseptics is 
giving way to the administration of urotropin. 

A most efficient diuretic, urinary antiseptic, uric acid sol- 
vent, and remedy for calculous disease. Rapidly renders alka- 
line and putrid urine containing mucus, pus, uric acid, and 
amorphous urates normal in appearance and reaction. It ster- 
ilizes the urine, increases its quantity, and dissolves calculi and 
deposits. Very valuable in all suppurative diseases of the 
genito-urinary tract, pyelitis, cystitis with ammoniacal decom- 
position of the urine, phosphaturia, also in gouty and rheumatic 
affections where active elimination of uric acid and the urates 
is required. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 169 

When prescribed in ten-grain doses, thrke daily, it promptly 
annihilates all disease germs in the urine, checks all decompo- 
sition, prevents the evolution of the micrococcus urea, so com- 
mon in either urinary retention, or cystitis. 



CAVITIES IN LUNG. (Micrococcus Tetragenus.) — 
Grave affections of the lungs frequently commence either with 
an ordinary cold in the head and chest, nasal catarrh, laryngitis 
and bronchitis — conditions which are decidedly common. 

Lungs weakened from or by any condition often become the 
abode, the receptacle of disease germs, provided they be in the 
blood or air breathed. By preference they penetrate the 
substance of the lung, and into this they aggregate in masses 
and form nests, technically termed vomica or caverns. 

The tubercular bacilli possess this faculty of aggregation in a 
most remarkable degree; the actinomycosis comes next, making- 
great havoc, immense cavities ; the venereal bacillus frequently 
gives no exceedingly large formations; the pueunwcoccus has 
little tendency to form isolated masses, but it migrates, forms 
infiltrations. Whatever be the microbe that makes up the 
vomica, and it has been once expectorated, on the walls of all 
such cavities, in the breath, in the sputum, the micrococcus 
tetragenus is ever found. Very generally this germ is found 
in groups of four (tetrade) surrounded by a hyaline capsule- 
Once this microbe finds an abode in the lung, it very soon fol- 
lows that groups of the characteristic tetrad are also present in 
the spleen, kidneys, liver. 

The micrococcus tetragenus is pathogenic of vomica or 
caverns in lung structure. Being hardy and vigorous it bears 
cultivation well in any nutrient liquid. Cultures injected into 
any mammalia give us the characteristic symptoms and precise 
pathological condition. 

The evolution of this microbe on the walls of a vomica — its 
extremely rapid growth, toxins most deadly, the product of 
bacterial growth thrown off in an unlimited degree — gives rise 
to putrescency, fetor of breath, diarrhea, hectic, profound pros- 
tration. 

It has been customary in clinical teaching to classify all 
vomicas as being due to tuberculosis ; the time has now arrived 
when very many cases can be diagnosed as either syphilitic or 
due to actinomycosis. 



170 Twentieth Century Practice. 

CELERY COMPOUND.— This remedy is composed of 
celery seed, guarana, ambrosia orientalis. 

Properties. — A most extraordinary remedy to neutralize the 
poisonous properties of bacterial life in the blood and rein- 
vigorate the nervous system. 

Indications for its Use. — In all cases of auto-infection from 
the presence of the toxins of disease germs in the blood and 
nerves ; essentially a nerve restorative and vitalizer ; imparts to 
the aged youthful vigor and vivacity; very efficacious in all 
fevers and inflammation, shortens their duration, mitigates 
their severity; allays restlessness and irritability, promotes 
cardiac vigor; gives colossal brain strength. Indicated in all 
forms of albuminuria. The great value of the remedy as a vital 
restorative has been thoroughly verified. 

Celery comp. ozonized, then, is indicated in all conditions of 
debility, where the vital forces are below a normal standard, 
or in an asthenic condition from the presence of the toxins of 
disease germs. Impotency (functional and congenital), sper- 
matorrhea, sexual debility, weakness of the bladder, testes, 
mammae or ovaries, prostatorrhea — valuable as a diuretic. It 
neutralizes the poison; rapidly restores the vitality of all the 
tissues by stimulating the process of assimilation. 

Dose. — From one to two teaspoonfuls before meals. 

This is a true nerve tonic; indicated in restlessness, irrita- 
bility, insomnia, whether of infancy or senility, and of the 
utmost value in the excitability of hysteria, or the depression of 
neurasthenia. In alternation with the uric acid solvent it 
effects most wonderful results in the uric acid diathesis; in 
albuminuria of disease germs blocking up the kidneys; and in 
degenerative changes incidental to chronic nephritis. 

Take it all in all, the ozonized celery comp, has a wide range 
of action and seems upon the whole to be an effective drug in 
Bright's disease. 

Weakness, relaxation of the secreting structure of the kid- 
neys, with albuminuria, are much more common than is gen- 
erally supposed. Bright's disease does not account for half 
the number of cases met with in practice, although it accounts 
for more than any other individual disease. 

If you have a case of chronic interstitial nephritis, a condi- 
tion responsible for cardio-arterial, ocular and other remote 
phenomena, with urea in the blood, try the ozonized celery 
comp. 

If you have a case of renal sclerosis of inflammatory origin, 



Twentieth Century Practice. 171 

diminution or loss of functional power in the kidneys — when- 
ever the protoplasm or master tissue of the kidneys fails to 
excrete, try the celery comp. 

If you have a case of intense frontal headache, puffiness of 
the face, drowsiness, ringing in the ears, dimness of vision, 
dizziness, difficulty of breathing, nausea, vomiting, involuntary 
twitching, prostration, urine scanty and containing albumin, 
try the ozonized celery comp. 

If you have a patient suffering from nervous or mental dis- 
turbances due to inability of the kidneys to secrete and excrete 
urea, try the ozonized celery comp. 

If you have a fatal form of anemia with albuminuria, for 
which no cause can either be assigned or detected, for the 
change the blood is undergoing, a steady and destructive im- 
poverishment, the structure of the spleen, lympathic glands, 
pink marrow of bones, not in any way altered, just try the 
ozonized celery comp. 

CEREBRAL CONGESTION.— Chronic inflammation of 
the auditory and nasal passages is a frequent factor in the pro- 
duction of cerebral hyperemia, irritation of the outer and inner 
ear is transmitted directly to the brain ; whereas in nasal irrita- 
tion the olfactory spread on the mucous membrane covering the 
anterior and posterior ethmoidal cavities, the sphenoidal cells, 
the frontal sinuses directly emanates from the brain. The vas- 
cular paresis in both cases commences in the periphery, grad- 
ually travels to the brain and vascular system. 

This disturbs the cerebral circulation, interferes with normal 
function, gives rise to symptoms of nervous prostration, gives 
rise to irritability of temper, headaches and inability to hold 
the mind continuously on a definite subject any length of time, 
vertigo, impaired memory, sleeplessness, extreme excitability 
on the least perturbation, instability, love of change, loss of am- 
bition. Associated with those, there are usually digestive dis- 
turbances, constipation, due to an unequal blood distribution, 
the brain getting more than its share. 

Independent of nasal, auditory, optic or rectal irritation, 
chronic cerebral hyperemia may be brought about by shock, 
fright, grief, worry, irritation in any part of the body. 

Irrespective of cause, the pathological condition in all cases 
crystallizes itself into a paresis of the brain, paralysis of the 
vasomotor nerves, causing continuous congestion of the brain 
capillaries. 



17 2 Twentieth Century Practice. 

If recognized early, most amenable to treatment, if there be 
a nasal catarrh or any auditory derangement, they should re- 
ceive proper topical treatment. 

In the management of these cases, and they are numerous, 
the diet should be nutritious ; daily baths and massage ; secre- 
tions' activity stimulated and the patient placed upon large 
doses of passiflora, several times daily, and an active tonic, like 
matricaria administered. Make an energetic effort to cure 
before it merges itself into cerebral anemia. 

If it has progressed this far such remedies as kephalin, avena 
sativa, protonuclein, c. p. solution of spermin, thyroid, are 
invaluable and essential to a cure. 

If these cases are not attended to early and cured they are 
extremely prone to lead to sclerosis of the cerebral pulp, result- 
ing in dementia, progressive paralysis and death. 

CEREBRIN. — Dose : One to five grains at meals thrice 
daily. Cerebrin is a soft, light amorphous hygroscopic powder 
— isolated from the white substance of the brain. As it is 
liable to chemical change, it is best administered in the glycerite 
of kephalin or phosphated tincture of oats. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. (The Strepto- 
coccus.) — Or spotted fever, may be defined to be a fever due to 
the presence of a streptococcus and its ptomain in the blood. 

Its diagnostic points are the history of the case, epidemic and 
endemic, the stage of collapse, rigors, fever, with stupor, coma, 
opisthotonos, convulsions or spasms, delirium. 

A microscopical examination of the breath, tongue scrap- 
ings, blood, demonstrates the presence of a microbe in the 
blood, which appears in the form of cocci ; diplococci and chains 
- — these are most abundant in the cerebro-spinal fluid, base of 
brain, around the medulla oblongata, spinal cord ; zooglcea are 
found in the spleen, liver, kidneys. The alkaloid ptomain 
excreta is not only toxical but highly tetanizing — usually caus- 
ing death in less than seven days. 

The microbe is pathogenic — bears culture well in an infusion 
of wheaten grits or oatmeal. 

The general principles for a highly contagious and infectious 
fever should be inculcated — bathing, antisepsis, nutrition, with 
the most powerful stimulants to the cerebro-spinal axis, or else 
chloroform and peroxide. 

The microbe of this fever is difficult to sterilize or annihilate. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 173 

Our best remedies are veratrum viride, skullcap, calabar bean, 
gelsemium in combination, alternated with either peroxide of 
hydrogen, resorcin, sulphur water. 

CEREBRUM. — When an anatomist removes the brain from 
its bony cavity it is so soft that is loses its form and flattens 
down on the platter which receives it into an almost shapeless 
mass. It bears then little resemblance in form to the beautiful 
pictures seen in our text-books on anatomy. But by putting 
it into alcohol or passing a current of alcohol through its vessels 
for a few days, it becomes sufficiently hardened, and then will 
retain its original shape much better. 

As it lies in the skull in health, it is surrounded by a fluid 
which keeps its surface moist and soft and prevents all injury 
from movements in running, walking, jumping, or falling, and 
to allow it to swell or decrease in size, as there is more or less 
blood in it. 

The brain is essentially composed of two kinds of tissue, and 
both differ from any other of the tissues of the body, and also 
from each other; one is gray in color and one is white. The 
gray matter of the brain is sometimes called the cortex. It is 
a thin external layer spread over all the surface of this organ, 
and it also dips down between the convolutions of the brain, 
thus greatly extending its surface and increasing the amount 
of gray beyond what it would be if it was simply stretched out 
evenly. This gray substance is said to be composed of cells, 
the so-called brain-cells; but the word cell is very misleading 
and does not give a good idea of what they are. They are, in 
fact, little nodules of protoplasm of various shapes and sizes 
bound together by delicate threads, so that each nodule or gang- 
lion is united to all the others, permitting them to act together, 
and allowing of impulses arising in one part to be conveyed 
to another part in brain activity so far as this is needful. 

The white substance consists of nerve fibres which come 
from or extend to the sense organs, as touch, taste, hearing, see- 
ing, and to the various organs of the body which cannot act 
without the stimulus of the brain. Each so-called cell prob- 
ably, or, perhaps, group of cells, connects with one of the white 
fibres, and thus a connection is made to the part to which it is 
related. 

The gray matter of the brain contains a far greater number 
of capillaries for the blood to circulate in than the white matter. 
It has been estimated that it receives five times as much blood, 



174 Twentieth Century Practice. 

and we may, I think, infer from this that the activities going on 
in it are also very much greater. To this we may add that the 
whole brain is supplied with blood-vessels so as to nourish it 
abundantly. A glance at any well illustrated work on anatomy 
will show this. The brain in its embryological development 
arises from five bladder-like structures which are the same in 
all vertebrate animals, but in man the front bladder grows more 
rapidly and larger than in animals, covering and enclosing the 
whole central part, and this greater size is of the greatest im- 
portance, because this part is the organ for all the higher mental 
activities ; because in it, as Haeckel has said, "are accomplished 
those functions of the nerve cells the sum of which is generally 
designated mind." The highest activities of the animal body, 
the wonderful manifestations of consciousness, the complex 
phenomena of thought, all have their seat in the fore-brain. 
It is possible to remove the fore-brain in some animals little by 
little without killing them, when all the higher manifestations 
— thought, consciousness, volition, and sensation — are de- 
stroyed one by one, finally annihilated. If the animal thus 
treated is artificially fed, it may be kept alive for a long time, 
for digestion, respiration, circulation, secretion, etc., are not 
destroyed by removing the fore-brain. They have their cen- 
tres elsewhere. The same conclusions had, however, been 
reached before without vivisection. 

The average weight of the brain of an adult male is about 
49 Yz ozs., or a trifle over 3 lbs. That of the female is about 
44 ozs., the average difference being from 5 to 6 ozs. The 
brain of the male usually ranges from 46 to 53 ozs., that of the 
female from 41 to 47. In the male the maximum weight out 
of 278 cases was 65 ozs., the minimum 34 ozs. The maximum 
weight of the female brain out of 191 cases was 56 ozs., and 
the minimum 31 ozs. Different weights, however, have been 
given by different investigators. 

The weight of the brain increases rapidly from birth up to 
the seventh year, more slowly to between sixteen and twenty, 
and still more slowly between thirty and forty, when its greatest 
weight has been attained. After this its weight gradually 
diminishes about one ounce each ten years. The same is true 
in regard to both sexes. 

These observations given by Gray in his Anatomy are made 
from averages of people in the ordinary conditions of life, and 
may be taken with some allowance. They indicate that man 
reaches his best intellectuality between thirty and forty years 



Twentieth Century Practice. 175 

of age, and from this time he gradually declines in brain vigor. 
The experience acquired before this period of decline, however, 
makes some amends for the loss of vigor after the brain begins 
to deteriorate. 

It has, however, been observed that those who have a well 
integrated brain, a robust body, and good habits, retain their 
"highest vigor long after this time, while many whose lives have 
Ibeen reckless decline much earlier. This fact alone ought to 
prove the value of hygienic knowledge so far as it relates to this 
organ, and, indeed, on account of the close relation of the 
l^rain to the other organs of the body, to all hygienic knowledge. 

An effort has been made to show that the size of the brain 
bears a general relation to the intellectual capacity of the in- 
dividual, but there are many difficulties in this way of demon- 
stration. Certainly, a well integrated, healthy brain, well 
nourished by good blood, would show greater power than a 
larger one poorly integrated and nourished. So a well dis- 
ciplined one may show more power than a poorly trained one 
of larger size. It is to the amount of gray matter in the brain 
probably that we are to look for superior intellectual power. 
And this is increased by the greater size and depth of the con- 
volutions and furrows. On this subject Haeckel says : "In all 
Tiuman individuals distinguished by peculiar ability and great 
intellect these swellings and furrows on the surface of the hemi- 
spheres exhibit a much greater development than in the com- 
mon average man, while in the latter again they are more de- 
veloped than in cretins and others with an unusually feeble 
intellect. There are also similar gradations in the internal 
structure of the fore-brain of mammals." It was formerly be- 
lieved that man's front-brain had some additional organs, not 
common to animals, but this seems not to be the case, though 
Tiis are far more highly developed. 

The complex nervous system found in man is the basis of 
his mental life. The latter cannot exist without the former; 
anything which injures this organ alters and lowers the mental 
life, may ruin it : anything that improves this organ, perfects 
the mental life, makes it better. 



CEDRON SEEDS. — This is used in the preparation of the 
simabicidia, which is so valuable in neuralgias, snake-bite, 
rabies. Dose : A teaspoonful, repeated at short intervals. 



176 Twentieth Century Practice. 

CERII. — Liquor cerii ozonized. The cerii is presented in 
a form which produces the highest beneficial action which the 
remedy is capable of producing. 

It has been much used, and with marked advantage in 
chronic intestinal disturbance, and in nervous dyspepsia, at- 
tended with gastrodynia, pyrosis, and chronic vomiting. In 
obstinate vomiting, especially that incidental to pregnancy, it 
seldom fails. Dose : Fifteen drops added to three tablespoon- 
fuls of water. 

CHANCRES. — An aggregation or a colony of the venereal 
bacillus, either in the skin and* subcutaneous tissue or in the 
mucous membrane. They are generally met on the organs of 
generation of either sex, as the penis, vagina, uterus; also on 
the lips, arms, fingers. 

Two varieties, hard or infecting, soft or non-infecting. 

Recognized by the following landmarks : the hard infecting 
chancre is generally oval or round, scooped out ; on grasping it 
between the finger and thumb, it feels as if there was a piece 
of cartilage in its base ; if any, the discharge is scanty ; the soft 
non-infecting chancre is round, has a copious discharge, has 
no hardness or cartilaginous sensation ; the infecting gives rise 
to systemic syphilis ; the non-infecting, the microbe is incapable 
of affecting the blood. 

The old treatment of chancres is discarded since its microbial 
nature has been discovered. 

They are now treated with lotions of lime water and tincture 
of iodine, or sulphur water, or with powders iodol, aristol. 

CHAPS. — Cracks or fissures of the skin, usually on the lips 
and hands, caused by exposure to extremes of heat and cold, 
dry or moist. A feeble circulation predisposes to their form- 
ation. The repeated application of ozonized jelly of violets is 
usually sufficient to prevent and effect a speedy cure. 

CHAULMOOGRA OIL.— Oil prepared from the seeds of 
Gynocardia odorata, contains an active principle, gynocardic 
acid. The oil is obtained by cold or hot compression. 

Therapeutic Uses. — A powerful bactericide, completely anni- 
hilates the bacillus of leprosy, tubercle, syphilis, lupus, psoriasis,, 
rheumatism. 

Preparations and Doses. — The oil may be administered in- 
ternally in hot milk, or in capsules in from five to ten dror> 



Twentieth Century Practice. 177 

-doses; applied externally in a pure state, or incorporated in 
an ointment in the proportion of one ounce of the oil to three 
of ointment. 

CAULOPHYLLUM.— The root of the blue cohosh, grows 
freely all over our country. 

Therapeutic Action. — Emmenagogue, diuretic, diaphoretic, 
antispasmodic ; an excellent uterine stimulant. 

Preparations and Doses. — As it freely yields its properties to 
boiling water, an infusion is most efficient, two ounces of the 
ground root to a pint of water. Dose : Wineglaasful every two 
or three hours in suppression of the menses. A 'fl. ext, also 
good. Dose : From ten to thirty drops, added to water. 

The glucoside caulophyllin. Dose : One to three grains. 

CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICA.— The root bark of this 
plant, known as the fringe-tree or snow-flower. 

Thepapeutical Uses. — The cholagogue properties of this plant 
have been thoroughly investigated, and are greater than any of 
the mercurial preparations, hence it is of great efficacy in all 
hepatic affections, torpidity of the liver, jaundice, enlarged 
liver, and dyspepsia. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract. Dose : Ten to 
thirty drops, three time a day. 

The glucoside chionshin does not seem to be active. 

CHIAN TURPENTINE MISTURA. (Highly Ozon- 
ized.) — By the introduction into this compound of the ethereal 
peroxide of hydrogen, we obtain it in a form less liable to 
irritate the stomach, more easily absorbed, and its germicidal 
properties increased at least 500 per cent. 

Chian turpentine, which we use, is specially collected for us 
in the island of Chio, from the Pistacea tercbmtha. 

This, as we have prepared it, is an energetic ozone producer, 
an agreeable aromatic, with an odor resembling the pinaceous 
turpentine. 

Its special action, when administered, passed into the blood- 
tissues, is to search out the cancer germ, which it surely finds, 
and slowly, silently kills it. Under its use pain ceases, the 
tumor, or aggregation of germs, with it also dies. If there is 
an open breeding, eating surface it becomes covered with a 
characteristic grayish slough, indicating a perfect annihilation 



178 Twentieth Century Practice. 

of the cancerous microbe. Tumors also dwindle and atrophy- 
under its use. 

Dose: One teaspoonful of the Chian turpentine mistura, 
three times a day, which is to be gradually increased to nine tea- 
spoonfuls in the twenty-four hours. 



CHILBLAIN. — Intense cold applied to portions of the body 
in which the circulation is feeble may give rise to symptoms 
identical to that of burns, erythema, vesication, ulceration. 

The comp. tincture of myrrh stands unrivaled as a local 
remedy. Next best, a decoction of walnut leaves, to every pint 
add two ounces of ozonized borogylceride. 

The frozen parts should be enveloped in either one during the 
day, and the other during the night. When either is applied 
cover with an impermeable dressing. After the burning and 
tingling have subsided the anti-microbe powder or ozone oint- 
ment can be used with comfort. 

As a prophylactic those susceptible should avoid the wearing 
of damp stockings, or long exposure and violent changes in. 
temperature. 



CHINOSOL {A Powerful Germicide) . — A product belong- 
ing to the chinoline series. It occurs in the form of a yellow 
crystalline powder, possessing a slightly aromatic odor and an 
astringent taste. It is readily soluble in cold water and in- 
soluble in ether or concentrated alcohol. A solution of 1 in 
40,000 is sufficient to prevent the development of the staphylo- 
coccus pyogenes aureus. As might be inferred from its chem- 
ical composition, chinosol, when brought into contact with the 
slightly alkaline fluids and secretions of the body, sets free 
oxychinoline, which, under these circumstances, exerts a pow- 
erful effect. It is to this loose condition of the oxychinolin 
that chinosol owes its powerful action as an antiseptic. 

Chinosol (C 9 H 6 N. KS0 4 ) finds its most important applica- 
tion in the treatment of fresh wounds, burns, etc. ; ulcers, sup- 
purative processes, etc. ; diseases of the throat, ear and nose ; 
also in obstetrics, and in dermatological and dental practice. 

Chinosol must not be brought into contact with steel and 
iron, because of its reaction of these metals, though the stains 
can be easily removed with the aid of chalk, etc. Other metals, 
as nickel, silver, zinc, tin, copper, are not affected by chinosol.. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 179 

CHLOASMA. — Liver spots. Peroxide of hydrogen is our 
best remedy, and upon the whole is very satisfactory, but occa- 
sionally fails. To be effectual it should be very freely applied, 
and allowed to soak into the skin by means of cotton soaked in 
it and laid over the surface for five minutes morning and night. 
It will cause somewhat of a desquamation, but this can be easily 
remedied by the use of a little ozone ointment. 

CHLORAL HYDRATE.— Dose : Fifteen grains, added to 
syrup of orange peel, every hour, or every three hours. Ex- 
tremely efficacious in producing sleep in delirium tremens. 
Combined with bromide of potassa, it will control raving mania, 
puerperal convulsions. 

Its persistent use creates a habit, and exhausts the ophthalmic 
tract ; causes amaurosis. 

Applied locally to the breasts, during lactation, it will arrest 
the secretion of milk; it is also an invaluable counter-irritant; 
more penetrating than cantharides. 

CHINAPHILA UMBELLATA.— Pipsissewa, or winter- 
green, prince's pine. 

Therapeutical Indications. — Germicide, astringent, very use- 
ful in rheumatism and dropsy. When used for a great length 
of time it excites absorption of testes and mammae. 

Fluid extract. Dose : Twenty to thirty drops every three 
hours. 

CHLOROSIS. — A peculiar form of anemia occurring in 
young persons of both sexes, but most common in the female 
about the age of puberty. There is a defect in the normal evo- 
lution of the red corpuscles — the development of the corpuscles 
up to a certain point, but no further. The red corpuscles are 
small, pale, and besides being dwarfed in size are diminished in 
number. 

The cause in some nervous defect, as some demand upon the 
nerve forces; in males a common result of masturbation and 
deleterious trades ; in girls precocity due to modern education, 
and many of the causes that operate in the production of 
anemia. 

Symptoms. — General symptoms of anemia, with a wax-like 
hue of face, yellow pallor of skin, whence the name "green 
sickness." Deficient or depressed appetite, fetor of breath 
heavy coat on tongue, skin dry, constipation, abundant limpid 



180 Twentieth Century Practice. 

urine, weak quick pulse, hysteria. If a woman, pale, scanty 
menstrual discharge; if a man, his semen entirely destitute of 
spermatozoa. 

CHLORALAMID. — Dose, 15 to 45 grains, triturated in 
sugar of milk, either in wafers or capsules. An efficacious 
hypnotic, but if administered to beer-drinkers, or tobacco-users, 
paralyzes the heart and vasomotor centres. 

CHLORIDE OF CHROMIUM {Ozonised; the Cancer An- 
tidote). — Dose: For external use only. The liquid chloride 
of chromium is added to pulverized blood root, or any other 
inert powder; is made into a paste of the consistency of tar, 
spread on leather the size desired, and applied over the cancer, 
the adjacent parts being carefully protected by plaster. Spread 
fresh every morning, and apply until the cancer drops out, then 
discontinue. Indicated in all external cancers, whether they be 
covered with cuticle or open, ulcerating. The moment it is 
applied, by endosmosis, it penetrates the cancer germ, unites 
with it and kills it. To this germ it has a chemical affinity, 
as the mass of cancer germs are, when destroyed, a perfect 
ozonoid. The destruction of the germ is effected without pain, 
but the surrounding tissues are so blended in and through it 
that they suffer oxidation, which gives rise to some pain in the 
separation of the germinal mass from the healthy tissue, but 
much less than what is caused by any other remedy, except the 
ozone paste. 

CHLOROFORM.— A volatile, colorless liquid, which will 
dissolve phosphorus, sulphur, iodine, gutta-percha. 

When given in the form of vapor, it is best to combine it 
thus : One part of alcohol, two of chloroform, three of sul- 
phuric ether. Mix. In this form it is our best general anes- 
thetic, and when administered by inhalation is practically with- 
out danger, if administered by a competent physician. Chloro- 
form, when thus combined and inhaled, stimulates, then 
depresses the nerve centres — the higher centres are first af- 
fected, during which operations are safe; delay or dally till it 
affects the lower centres, which control the heart, respiration, 
in the medulla and cord, dangerous. Respiratory failure 
usually precedes cardiac; if either is threatened, insert one or 
two nitroglycerin suppositories per rectum; if there be ap- 
parent failure, artificial respiration. All operative procedures 



Twentieth Century Practice. 181 

should cease. Safest and best A. B. C. for all operations at- 
tended with pain, such as parturition, spasm, tetanus, hydro- 
phobia, and convulsi6n. 

Proper precaution should always be observed as regards 
heart, lungs. 

Applied to the surface of the body, depresses all the sensory 
nerves and relieves pain; added to an ointment or oil and 
rubbed in, it carries the medicament down to the bone. 

' Dose, 3 to 10 drops as an anodyne, antispasmodic in syrup 
or mucilage. Thirty drops added to one pint of any vegetable 
infusion, will preserve it indefinitely. 

CHRYSOPHANIC ACID.— Dose, locally, once or twice 
daily. Of great efficacy in psoriasis. Dissolve gutta-percha 
in chloroform and the acid in the quantity desired, and paint 
over the eruption and a little beyond. The result is excellent. 

CHOLERA. — We anticipate a recrudescence of the cholera 
germ in the near future, and it is well to keep our ideas in that 
direction the coming years. 

I. Cholera Infantum. — Solar heat, insanitary conditions, 
overcrowding, deleterious food, reflex irritation and other 
causes favor the evolution of a dwarfed species of the comma 
bacillus in children under two years of age ; although infinitely 
minute, it excretes poisonous ptomains in the body in which it 
is developed. 

Treatment. — The first and the most important point in the 
treatment is to stop vomiting, for as long as this continues 
the patient cannot be nourished nor diarrhea arrested. I have 
found that one grain periodate aurum on the tongue, every 
half hour, the most effectual remedy, often acting like a charm. 
For a drink, a whey of dilute lactic acid, checks the diarrhea in 
a short space of time ; the intervals between the doses should be 
gradually prolonged. If the diarrhea be very frequent, first oil 
the abdomen, then apply concentrated ozone, which rarely fails. 

When the violence of the attack is over administer one 
siegesbeckie tablet, dissolved in water, every three hours. An 
enema of four ounces of a warm solution of boroglyceride, to 
which half a teaspoonful of ozonized passiflora is added. 
This soothes the irritable bowel; powerfully checks the 
diarrhea. Stop milk, give infusion of barley, and juice of raw 
beef. All artificial foods and other forms of starch are simply 
hurtful, as they pass through the alimentary canal undigested. 



1 82 Twentieth Century Practice. 

The dwarf form of comma bacillus keeps up fermentation in 
the stomach and bowels, besides bacteria and various forms of 
sarcinae multiply enormously. The periodate aurum is a 
powerful germicide and alterative, a powerful sedative to the 
gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, relieving vomiting, sus- 
pending purging ; always give the passiflora in the form of an 
enema. The efficiency of this treatment, simple as it is, gives 
us diminished mortality from this, our summer scourge. 

All predisposing and exciting causes should be removed, 
and germicide remedies, which are essentially curative, pushed 
with all energy. A lemonade made of lactic acid should be 
drunk freely by the little patient — an excellent remedy, better 
than any other, as it aids digestion, whereas salicylate soda in- 
terferes with the peptic glands and pancreatic secretion; con- 
centrated ozone applied over the entire abdomen, at night, 
together with a germicide suppository, 15-grain size of per- 
iodate. 

If the case is seen even later on, it is still curable, even when 
the bacillus of tubercle is effused on the bowels, in the mesen- 
tery. Indeed, some of the most striking recoveries take place, 
where the patient appeared as if resurrected from the dead — 
where the patient was wasted to a shadow, with a large, painful 
and tumid abdomen, slowly recovers, becomes stout and ruddy 
under the use of the ozonized solution of spermin, with a guaia- 
col suppository at night, upon which the child appeared to re- 
gain health most marvelously. 

It is needless to repeat that nutritious diet, cold water bath- 
ing, abuandance of fresh cool air, are useful adjuncts. 

2. Cholera Morbus. — Predisposed to by extreme solar 
heat, overcrowding, insanitary states, and debility. Induced by 
some irritating agent in the form of green fruit, or vegetables 
which give rise to the evolution of a germ of feeble vitality, 
and an acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of both stomach and bowels, and is attended with nausea, retch- 
ing and vomiting, with painful spasms of the muscular coat of 
the bowels, severe watery diarrhea, consistng of profuse transu- 
dation of fluid containing little albumin, the whole system be- 
ing affected, as is seen by the prostration and fever. 

If there be some offending material on the stomach, an 
emetic might be valuable; ipecac is the best, as it exercises a 
special influence on the mucous membrane of the alimentary 
canal — a remedy not to be despised, if continued on in one- 
eighth of a grain dose ; appease thirst with a lemonade of lac- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 183 

tic acid, concentrated ozone over abdomen. Last summer I 
had quite a number of these cases, in which I had the best suc- 
cess with the following: Bichloride of methylene, 1 dram; 
peroxide of hydrogen, 1 ounce; muriatic acid, 30 drops; dis- 
tilled water 4 ounces. One teaspoonful added to a glass of 
water every three hours. 

Its action is antiseptic, stimulant, antispasmodic, and ano- 
dyne. Its antiseptic properties are remarkable — forming one 
of the best intestinal bactericides ever introduced. Try it ; you 
can rely on its action every time, and for cholera morbus it is 
the remedy, sweeps out of existence every germ with which it 
comes in contact ; a perfect scavenger to the bowels. 

3. Cholera, Epidemic. — Due to the presence of the comma 
bacillus, a pathogenic microbe which has a perennial area on 
the banks of the Ganges, but under certain electrical and me- 
teorological conditions is disseminated over the surface of the 
earth, by human intercourse. The seizure is a premonitory 
diarrhea, debility, muscular tremors, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, 
spasmodic griping pains in the bowels, depression of the func- 
tions of respiration and circulation, with great depression. 

The stools are like rice water, alkaline, and loaded with the 
bacillus. As the microbe grows rapidly, toxins and ptomains 
are liberated, vomiting becomes incessant, coldness, dampness, 
blueness, lividity of the lips, cold breath, unquenchable thirst, 
suppression of the urinary secretion and collapse. 

The comma bacillus is found only in the intestinal canal — - 
its ptomain, which is taken into the blood, is what paralyzes 
the nervous system and gives rise to the symptoms present. 

No definite line of treatment can be laid down; we merely 
enumerate a few remedies which are found to be of utility in 
every case. All authorities agree on the fact that the bacillus 
is promptly annihilated by an acid, hence copious enemata, re- 
peated several times in the twenty-four hours, of lactic and 
tannic acids, with peroxide of hydrogen in distilled water, in- 
ternally. A selection of remedies should be made from some 
of the following intestinal bactericides : Salol, naphthalin, 
sulphocarbolate of zinc, Warburg's tincture ; and all spasmodic 
action held in abeyance by administering small doses of the 
compound tincture of lobelia. 

Our readers will find as a prophylactic remedy, that none 
excels the ozonized coca wine, its acidity, its powerful bacteri- 
cide properties, being such that it wipes the comma bacillus out 
of existence. 



184 Twentieth Century Practice. 

CHOREA. — Inco-ordinated movements, which prevent and 
interfere with voluntary motion, cease during sleep, are path- 
ognomonic of chorea. 

Choreic movements on one side of the body may precede and 
follow hemiplegia. An extreme form of this affection, with 
quick involuntary movements, is common in spermatorrhea due 
to masturbation, in which maniacal excitements, physical dis- 
turbance are common, associated with which are irritability of 
temper, emotional attacks and mental enfeeblement. 

The jar, the want of equilibrium between the gray and white 
matter of the brain and spinal cord, to which this affection is 
due, may be the result of shock, mental overwork, or emo- 
tional disturbance, the ptomain or toxins of disease germs, 
especially those of rheumatism and syphilis — the same poisons 
which give rise to endocarditis. In eighty per cent of all cases 
the toxins of rheumatism; in the other twenty per cent, a 
ptomain identical in toxicity is present. 

In the treatment of chorea, no definite rule can be laid down. 
All predisposing and exciting causes must, if possible, be re- 
moved, such as masturbation, worms, rheumatism, emotional 
shock, and every effort made to improve the general health 
and increase the nutrition of the body, by daily baths, massage, 
country air and best of diet. 

If the chorea can be traced to irritation of the reproductive 
organs, masturbation or sexual excesses, in either sex, they 
should at once be placed on large doses, as large as can be, of 
the tincture of the green root of gelsemium, as this is our best 
genital sedative and aphrodisiac, an allayer of all irritation in 
the sexual glands. 

The reproductive organs of both sexes are largely supplied 
with sympathetic nerves. No medicament equals gelsemium, 
it soothes or sedates the motor tracts of the cerebro-spinal sys- 
tem, and controls the sympathetic ganglia. The dose must 
be such as will control the involuntary movements. 

Try it. If it fails, combine it with passiflora incarnata, 
which aids its action immensely, both being active sedatives. 

If the heart be irritable, feeble, with capillary circulation 
languid, add to the gelsemium small doses of strophanthus. 
The action of this combination is soothing, strengthening to 
the heart muscle. 

Skullcap is another remedy from which marked benefit is 
derived in chorea. Administered in large doses, its action is 
restorative to the jarred gray and white matter of the cord. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 185 

The ozonized fluid extract of musk root is another invalu- 
able remedy in chorea. Good results always follow its ex- 
hibition in one-half the cases. It completely controls the in- 
voluntary movements. In the other half its administration is 
a failure. 

The never-failing remedy in all cases and under all condi- 
tions of life is the ozonized solution of cacodylate of sodium. 
This remedy undoubtedly acts by its promoting nutrition of 
the nerve centres and heart. 

The success of this remedy depends entirely upon its mode 
of administration. It should be commenced in small doses 
and gradually increased dose by dose, until its physiological 
action is obtained. Then it should be diminished to drop 
doses, never left off altogether, but when all untoward symp- 
toms subside, then gradually increase, always added to a little 
water and given after meals. 

Thyroid extract and c. p. solution of spermin have effected 
some excellent cures. 

What percentage of cases of chorea and epilepsy are due to 
the germs of tubercle and syphilis, no one can correctly appre- 
ciate. A weakened patch in the brain or bulb, with either of 
those two disease germs in the blood, will give rise to epilepsy. 
An imperfect nutrition or weakened patch in brain and cord, 
with impaired nutrition of the nervous ganglia, or group of 
nerve cells, with the same or other germs present, will give rise 
to chorea. Besides, there are the ordinary reflex causes. The 
two affections demand an alterative and tonic course of reme- 
dies — all the time — with repeated small blisters of about the 
size of a silver dollar, to nape of neck, for six hours daily, twice 
a week, as there is always a coexistence of spinal tenderness, 
greater spinal impressibility and other hybrid ailments. In 
addition nothing should militate against the use of avena sativa 
day by day, as the tissues are starved. It increases the motor 
power of the heart, tones the nerves, increases the number of 
nerve cells, overcomes the want of equilibrium between the 
gray and white matter of the cord ; relieves insomnia, over- 
comes mental weakness, and inco-ordination of muscles. If, 
however, the motor phenomena are peculiarly violent, the pa- 
tient must have rest — rest from excitement, from noise, from 
harsh words, from taking any active part in the struggle of life. 

We do not endorse the use of bromides in either ; it is true 
they suspend the reflex impressibility of the medulla oblongata 
— the seat of reflex action — but it is also too true that they 



1 86 Twentieth Century Practice. 

diminish nervous energy; true vital stamina is lowered; motor 
and sentient power diminishes under their use. They soothe, 
dispose to sleep, but they blunt the intellectual faculties, impair 
the memory, confuse the ideas, render the individual dull, 
stupid, apathetic, with a tendency to somnolence. They im- 
pede speech, weaken special senses, make the body infirm, 
feeble, unsteady. Its effects on the ovaries and testes are to de- 
stroy, or obliterate the secreting cell; being analogous to cas- 
tration, so that sexual power is abolished. The bromides de- 
vitalize the mucous membrane of the stomach, give rise to 
gastric catarrh (sarcina ventriculi), nausea, flatulence, etc. 
It also slows the heart, covers the skin with (bromine rash) 
acne. 

Now, none of these symptoms are produced by the ozonized 
fluid extract sumbul. It has precisely the same action upon 
suspending the fits or the choreic twitching, but never impairs, 
nor damages, nor atrophies the sexual apparatus. The bro- 
mide craze has had its day. Many brilliant minds have been 
wrecked by its indiscriminate use; it has caused impotency to 
be very general and sterility exists from its use to a very alarm- 
ing degree. 

The most eminent authority in this country says that chorea 
is want of equilibrium between the gray and white matter of the 
spinal cord. 

Predisposed to by inherent nervous debility, and brought into 
active existence by the toxins of disease germs, such as the 
bacillus amylobacta and others. Sometimes it comes on sud- 
denly after some emotional excitement, fright, fear, anxiety, 
worry, etc. Often the sequel of reflex irritation, such as 
worms, masturbation, constipation, burns. 

Most common between five and fifteen. 

Characterized by irregular movements, which increase under 
observation or excitement, and cease entirely during sleep. In 
this neurosis, the involuntary movements are very variable, 
from a mere restlessness or awkwardness of manner to gro- 
tesque expression, etc. The patient cannot keep still, constantly 
either raising shoulders, jerking his head, twisting fingers, shuf- 
fling feet. The symptoms present in each individual case depend 
upon what portion of the cord is implicated in the neurosis or 
jar. If from a fright, or some emotional condition, the 
•cervical portion of the cord involving the sympathetic is af- 
fected ; then the muscles of the face and larynx are involved. 
Stammering results, difficult mastication, swallowing, choking 
spells. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 187 

Lower down the cord, hands, arms, side of the body, may 
be'eome seriously implicated. 

The general health in chorea is always impaired, and the case 
is of such a nature that it speedily causes mental deterioration, 
and might terminate fatally through some complication, as 
organic cardiac disease. 

If a child, it should be taken from school, placed under the 
most perfect hygienic conditions attainable; if of more ma- 
ture years, they should suspend all avocations, lay off till re- 
covery is assured. 

The general health should be built up, the system fortified 
by every possible means, nutritious food, bathing, massage, 
flannel clothing, rest, and healthful surroundings. 

Then the attending physician will select a remedy, probably 
some one of the following which he deems the most efficacious 
in curing the malady. 

It is not necessary for us to discuss whether the pathological 
condition be due to a toxin of the amylobacta or to a lesion or 
jar. 

Cocodylate of sodium has acquired a firm reputation as a 
bactericide, a promoter of nutrition, and if properly managed 
as to its dosage will cure every case of chorea. 

An ozonized solution is probably the best form, as the dose 
can be well regulated, added to water and given with the meals. 

In prescribing the cacodylate in chorea you are sure of suc- 
cess, so it is well not to rush it, beginning with 2-drop doses 
thrice daily, increasing the dose each day by one drop addi- 
tional, until its physiological action is obtained. As soon as 
this is visible decrease dose by dose, in the same manner as it 
was increased, continuing in this way between the minimum 
and maximum until a cure is effected. 

Passiflora incarnata is rapidly acquiring a reputation in the 
cure of chorea. An excellent remedy, a rejuvenator of the 
great sympathetic, a vitalizer, a reconstructive of our entire 
nervous system. As it is non-poisonous, it can be administered 
in large doses. If it fails in arresting the involuntary move- 
ments, add to each dose a few drops of the tincture of green 
root gelsemium. 

Chloral hydrate is another remedy from which excellent re- 
sults can often be obtained. It has a peculiar and marvelous 
action of its own, a powerful germicide, rectifies, fortifies the 
nerve centres, prolongs sleep indefinitely, gives nature a chance 
to recuperate. As an enema it is even more beneficial than 
when administered orally. 



1 88 Twentieth Century Practice. 

Skullcap is a remedy in the form of a decoction that is well 
adapted for patients of mature years. Taken just as freely 
as the stomach of the patient can tolerate it, so as to induce a 
partial suspension of the nervous system, which is recognized 
by numbnes or anesthesia of sensation and partial paralysis of 
motion, it will do good, energizing work in chorea. 

Protonuclein, the active principle of life, is suppository 
form, will cure chorea. Although this remedy, chemically 
speaking, is a phosphorized proteid, its therapeutic effect is to 
induce leukocytosis, a vast increase of white corpuscles in the 
blood stream, augmenting vital force, cohesion of the chaotic 
cord. Take it all in all, it is a good curative agent in chorea, 
best in suppository, as it is active as a reconstructive without 
stimulating the heart. 



CIMICIFUGA RAC, FL. EXT.— Of special utility in 
acute rheumatism. Stimulates the nerves of nutrition, effi- 
cacious in whooping-cough and all spasmodic diseases. 



CINCHONA. — The bark of the cinchona tree, commonly 
known as the Peruvian bark. 

Therapeutical Cases. — Tonic, vitalizer, contains numerous 
alkaloids of immense value, and a vast number of preparations. 

Cinchona FL Ext. — Dose, 10 to 30 drops added to water, 
every three hours. The most valuable tonic in the materia 
medica, protects the red corpuscles of the blood from the ma- 
larial and other germs ; promotes an appetite, increases the as- 
similation of nutritive matter, the number of red discs in the 
blood, as a tannate, in the form of port wine and cinchona, 
with aromatic sulphuric acid, is one of the best of all tonics at 
the change of life. 

Port wine, one quart ; Peruvian bark, one ounce ; pulverized 
cloves, cinnamon, each one ounce; one dram of quinine and 
one ounce of aromatic sulphuric acid; dissolve these two 
together and add to the wine. Capsicum should be added. 
Half a teaspoonful to a teaspoonful is a dose. 

Prunia, four ounces; sulphate of quinine, two drams; aro- 
matic sulphuric acid, one ounce. Mix. S. One teaspoon- 
ful, So patient takes three prior to chill. 

'Bisulphate quinine, sixty grains; syrup licorice, two ounces. 
'Mrxi^ S: Doses sufficient. 



Twentieth Century Practice. 189 

CIRSOCELE. — A term used ambiguously and synony- 
mously with varicocele ; a dilated condition of the veins of the 
testes and scrotum, feeling like a bag of worms. 

If not amenable to the usual treatment, by the application 
of the distillate of witch hazel, thrice daily, the wearing of a 
suspensory during the day, and persevering with tonics and 
nutritious food, ligature is resorted to with very poor success. 

CIRCUMCISION.— A sacrament of the Jewish Church, 
introduced by that great, far-seeing Law-Giver, Moses, con- > 
sists, as performed by the rabbi, of a mere slit of the superior 
aspect of the prepuce. The flaps or ears on each side of the 
slit are, in the course of a few months, entirely absorbed, leav- 
ing the corona glandis completely uncovered, consequently 
phimosis and paraphimosis never appear. 

In adult life it is usually performed for the relief of those 
two affections, and it is necessary to remove it entirely, uniting 
the cut surfaces, skin, and mucous membrane with lead-wire 
sutures and applying a dressing of peroxide of hydrogen. 

The performance of circumcision has many advantages, 
some few disadvantages. When removed, no secretion of 
smegma is possible, to excite balanitis ; no abiding place either 
for the micrococcus of gonorrhea, or microbe of syphilis, or 
rank secretions (microbic) of courtesans, or the germs of 
herpes preputialis, or chancres. There can be little doubt of its 
removal promoting the growth of the penis ; its disadvantages 
are few, blunting or deadening the nerves of the corona glandis 
the only one worthy of mention. 

CLITORIS. — In ballet or dancing girls, cyclists, the clitoris 
if often attacked with inflammation, effusion of lymph, and en- 
largement. In some cases the hypertrophy is great, and term- 
inates in abscess; in other cases, in cystic degeneration. The 
excessive development is in some cases congenital, being so 
large that some are in doubt but that they may be males. The 
clitoris is sometimes the seat of cancerous deposits. The en- 
tire organ may be diseased, or its prepuce. 

Induration or enlargement may be due to self-abuse. 

The treatment of inflammation, and its results, must be upon 
general principles, with alteratives and tonics. 

CIRRHOSIS. — A diseased condition of various organs of 
the body, embracing chiefly the liver and kidneys, and charac- 



190 Twentieth Century Practice. 

terized by the formation of fibrous tissue in these organs. This 
hard tissue either contracts or enlarges, thus giving rise to 
either atrophy or hypertrophy. In the former it is hard, sur- 
face nodulated, with edema of the legs; in the latter usually 
jaundiced and no dropsy. 

Its great causative factors may be alcohol, syphilis, mercury, 
malaria, defective and perverted digestion, auto-intoxication, 
gastritis, intestinal obstruction, and whatever favors putrefac- 
tion of intestinal contents loads the liver with toxic substances 
which it is unable to destroy, and it becomes overworked, either 
atrophied or hypertrophied, and its normal structure usurped 
by fibrous tissue. 

Although the malady may be incurable, still by the removal 
of the cause, and the administration of periodate aurum at 
night, and the chionanthus virg. during the day, a stay on the 
morbid condition is induced. Many recoveries are noted. 
In my experience with the fringe tree bark in cirrhosis, I deem 
an infusion to be the most efficient agent in the materia medica. 

Although an incurable affection, much can be done to arrest 
its progress and prolong life. The removal of the invading 
agent which produced the fibrosis is a point ; whether it be alco- 
hol, malaria, carbonaceous substances ingested, solar heat, 
drugs, syphilis, it is immaterial, for no remedy can restore the 
cells of the injured machinery by which the crippled organism 
survives. It matters little whether the degenerative changes 
are either fatty or amylaceous, if the damage is done by an in- 
crease of fibrous tissue and the condition shows fat or starch, 
alcohol in all its forms must be rigidly forbidden, as well as all 
fat and starchy food — the physiological function of the liver 
must not be taxed with either. Diet must be nutritious, be re- 
stricted to white fish, eggs, milk, bread, fruit, and vegetables. 
Daily bathing, massage. 

The indigestion relieved with comp. tine, matricaria and 
phosphate of soda, which will arrest the fermentative changes 
on the stomach. 

If it be due to alcohol and syphilis, the kolatina tablets 
operate well, one every night at bedtime. They are of signal 
service, with a few grains of periodate aurum, and during the 
day, comp. saxifraga, effect marvelous results in the liver — ar- 
resting changes and gummatous formation. The action of 
syphilis and alcohol, together with malaria and solar heat, 
closely resemble each other in the production of cirrhosis of the 
liver. Kolatina, periodate aurum, saxifraga, effect very 



Twentieth Century Practice. 191 

.-searching action in restoring some of the dilapidated cells, ef- 
fect combined a standstill of growth of morbid tissue. 
• Continuous stimulation over the liver by means of a large 
guaiacol plaster should never be overlooked, as it invariably 
does good, arresting degenerative changes, aiding absorption, 
thus clearing the gland of all debris, old broken-down cells. 

In the management of all cases of cirrhosed liver, there are 
two complications of great magnitude, and these are a weak, di- 
lated heart, and abdominal dropsy. For the former we need 
digitalis and creatinin ; for the latter, apocynum, a drug of un- 
excelled merit. 

Ascites is a sure sign that the tension in the portal vein and 
its tributaries in the peritoneum has been raised to the oozing 
point, or that inflammatory effusion has taken place, that the 
liver function is seriously impaired. 

The mere mechanical affection of the distention of the abdo- 
men is serious; all the viscera are compressed, their working 
faculty impeded; the diaphragm is pushed up, embarrassing 
Tx)th the organs of circulation and respiration, thus a variety of 
complications are set up. 

Apocynum, ozonized tincture, in from 5- to 30-drop doses, 
has a special action in all cases of ascites, although many phy- 
sicians prefer the decoction. 



COCA. — The leaves of the Erythroxylon coca, which grows 
abundantly in Bolivia and Peru. 

Physiological Action. — Its administration increases the 
heart's action, by stimulating the ganglia of the great sympa- 
thetic; energizes the pneumogastric and vagus; equalizes the 
motor cells of the gray matter of the brain, arrests normal 
metamorphosis ; appeases thirst. 

Therapeutical Action. — Chewing the leaves will appease 
hunger, thirst, fatigue. It is an excellent remedy for dipso- 
mania, the opium, chloral, and alcohol habit. It restrains tis- 
sue metamorphosis, diminishes the amount of urea excreted; 
valuable in wasting diseases and in the convalescing stages of 
fevers ; a tonic with wide range of action. 

Whenever you need the aid of a potent drug to sustain the 
vital power, under the condition of extraordinary fatigue and 
privation, prescribe coca. It promotes cohesion of nerve force ; 
■especially useful in nerve tire, worry or exhaustion. 

It contains a valuable alkaloid, muriate of cocain, an anes- 



192 Twentieth Century Practice. 

thetic to the mucous surface of intensely sensitive parts, as the 
ear, nose, mouth, urethra, vagina, rectum. 

Preparations and Doses. — A bolus of the leaves is used for 
chewing. 

A fluid extract in 30- to 60-drop doses. 

Coca et celerina, same dose, great utility in neurasthenia. 
The wine is a tonic especially adapted to public speakers, 
singers, actors. It is a tensor to the vocal cords, strengthens- 
and increases the volume of the voice. 

Coca wine, dose, a tablespoonful. 

Cocain suppositories, whose use as a genital sedative is in- 
valuable. For all neuralgic or painful conditions of the rec- 
tum, they are excellent. 

COFFEE. — Medicine is but a means to a desirable end; 
often it is very disagreeable. Patients cannot take it at times,, 
because it is nauseatingly objectionable. On this very account 
is the doctor so often the bugbear of children. On the other 
hand do we constantly find patients craving food indulgence. 
Perhaps one of the commonest foods is coffee, and it is one of 
the first things many recuperating patients call for. But it is 
one of the things that it is a routine practice to forbid sick peo- 
ple the use of. 

There is no reason why coffee should be cut off when nux 
vomica or other nerve stimulants are given, for one aids the 
other; they are, therapeutically, synergistic. Convalescence 
is often hastened by the use of a good brand of well-made cof- 
fee. It is a much better stomachic tonic in many cases than 
any of those having a regular place in the materia medica. We 
have known physicians to destroy what little appetites their 
patients still had left by the peremptory withdrawal of their 
coffee. The interdiction of coffee to all sick people is a routine 
practice that is indefensible. Cases of nerve exhaustion do 
better with it than they do without it. This is the rub. There 
are exceptions. One of these is when coffee sets up stomach 
trouble and so-called biliousness. But it seldom does this if 
the coffee is properly made. We have never seen anything 
but good results follow the use of coffee made as follows : 

Java and Mocha coffee should be blended to suit the taste. 
The roasted beans are to be finely ground, the finer the better. 
A tablespoonful of this coffee is to be used for each cup of 
water. It is wetted with enough cold milk to give the finished 
product a rich light brown color, say two tablespoonfuls of milk 



Twentieth Century Practice. 193 

to each one of ground coffee. This is allowed to stand in a 
closed pot for at least five minutes. At the end of this time 
boiling water is poured over the milk and coffee mixture, a cup- 
ful to every tablespoonful of ground coffee, as already stated, 
after which the pot is again closed and set over a moderate fire 
to simmer for about ten minutes, or to boil for one or two 
minutes. It is then ready. If not used at once, it should be 
decanted so as to avoid the abstraction from the coffee grounds 
of those ingredients that spoil the taste of the coffee and injure 
the stomach. Coffee thus made is not bitter, and when bitter, 
it has abstracted objectionable material, it has boiled or sim- 
mered too long. Coffee thus made does no injury, but it is a 
nerve stimulant, or appetizer; it cheers, invigorates, and aids 
•digestion. 

Attention to its mode of preparation, provided the correct 
kinds of coffee are used, insures to a patient one of the best aids 
we have to hasten and perfect convalescence, or to sustain one 
under nervous strain, due to operation or other depressing in- 
fluences. The exceptions do not preclude its use where it does 
unquestionable good. 

When there in a community the germs of typhoid fever, 
cholera, erysipelas, scarlet fever, and the various types of ma- 
larial fever, which are transmitted almost entirely through the 
medium of food and drink, coffee is a valuable agent, and may 
he used as a drink instead of water. 

It is a valuable agent in assisting the digestion of food, and 
aids the blood in taking up more nourishment than it would 
without it. 

It quickens the circulation of the blood and respiration. 

It is also stimulating and refreshing (due to the caffein it 
contains). 

In tiding over nervousness in emergencies, it is a sovereign 
remedy. 

Taken in the morning before rising, minus cream and sugar, 
it acts in many cases as a superior laxative (probably from the 
riot water contained in it). 

As a stimulant and caloric generator in cold weather it is 
•one hundred per cent ahead of whisky and other liquors. 

As a disinfectant it is one of no small usefulness in the sick 
-chamber. 

The use of coffee as a disinfectant is generally known, but it 
is doubtful if the majority of people are aware of its true value 
in this direction. They probably know that it is handy and 



194 Twentieth Century Practice. 

harmless ; but besides these qualities it is really one of the most 
powerful and effective agents known, as has been shown by re- 
peated experiments. In one case a quantity of meat was placed 
in a close room and allowed to decompose. A chafing dish 
was then introduced and 500 grams of coffee were thrown on 
the fire. In a few minutes the room had been entirely disin- 
fected. In another room, the fumes of sulphuretted hydro- 
gen and ammonia were developed, and the smell — which no- 
words can express — was destroyed in half a minute by the use 
of 90 grams of coffee. As a proof that the noxious smells 
are really decomposed and not merely overpowered by the 
fumes of coffee, it is stated that the first vapors of the coffee 
are not smelled at all, and are therefore chemically absorbed, 
while the other smells gradually diminish as the fumigation 
continues. The merest "pinch" of coffee is usually sufficient to 
cleanse a sick-room, even in aggravated cases. The best way 
to employ it is to freshly pound the coffee in a mortar, if no 
mill is at hand, and sprinkle it on a red-hot iron surface. 

Caffein citrate is the best form for medicinal use, and it is 
to this that the kola nut paste owes its marvelous power in 
habitual constipation. 

Invaluable also as a bracing tonic in chronic diseases. 

Dose, 1 to 2 grains every three hours, or more frequent. 
This remedy is indicated in all forms of headache or neuralgia ;. 
of the greatest efficacy in all organic affections of the heart, 
with imperfect compensation; regulates the heart's action; 
operates well in chronic interstitial nephritis, with edema and 
difficult breathing, as a diuretic and antidote to opium poison- 
ing, and appeases the appetite for stimulants. 

COLD. — Acts chiefly from without, freezing inwards, caus- 
ing serous congestion of the three great cavities; with giddi- 
ness, inability to see, weakness, and rigidity of limbs; almost 
imperceptible respiration and pulse ; tendency to profound sleep r 
or coma. Patient must be placed in a room without fire, and 
an attempt made at restoration of circulation and sensibility, 
by rubbing the body with snow, or ice, or cold water. Fric- 
tions with flannels, long continued; very gradual application 
of warmth; a stimulating enema, warm milk, with capsicum, 
coffee, beef-tea, or warm wine. 

COLIC. — Cramp, spasm, neuralgia of the nerves that sup- 
ply the circular muscular fibres of the intestines, is a most ex- 



Twentieth Century Practice. 195 

cruciating, painful affection ; it may be produced by any toxin 
or poison, indigestible food, giving rise to fermentation and 
bacteria, acrid bile from a congested liver, worms, irritants, 
and poisons generally; it may be due either to cold or to a 
metastasis of gout or rheumatism or obstruction. 

The pain of colic comes and goes, rolling or twisting in char- 
acter, relieved by pressure. There may or may not be vomit- 
ing. In some cases the spasmodic action may be so acute, so 
intense and exciting that fecal contents are vomited. 

The pain is usually so severe, the reflex effects so disastrous, 
that immediate relief is imperatively demanded. 

Heat and moisture are always at hand, and they should be 
applied with a liberal hand, hot, moist application over the ab- 
domen, hot baths, hot drinks of warm water, with euphorbia 
pil. ; warm water enema, 102 degrees F., with a teaspoonful of 
the same remedy to the pint of water. 

In administering these enemata, place the patient on the right 
side, with the hips well raised. If these remedies fail, ad- 
minister chloroform orally, and chloral hydrate as an enema, 
with concentrated ozone to the entire abdomen. 

Once relieved, if the cause can be ascertained, then special 
remedies to meet the pathological condition as if due to fer- 
mentation of undigested food, administer siegesbeckie tablets; 
if due to acrid states of the bile, give periodate aurum; if due 
to rheumatism prescribe glycerite of wintergreen, in essence of 
menthol, with a cocain suppository. 

What is termed lead colic, is much more common than is 
generally understood ; drinking water from tin or leaden ves- 
sels, cider prepared in lead; claret wine, to which is added 
acetate of lead to taste more cooling. 

Its diagnosis is based upon the history of the case, a peculiar 
aspect of the skin, blue line on the gums, dyspepsia, constipa- 
tion, and depression of spirits. In the seizure severe pain ensues 
in the region of the navel, a feeling of indescribable wretch- 
edness, vomiting, constant change of posture, struggling or 
crying with pain; stools, if passed, are dark-colored and in 
knotty lumps ; tongue pale ; tremulous, if not relieved ; inflam- 
mation, delirium, convulsions, paralysis, apoplexy, asphyxia, 
gangrene of bowels. 

Lobelia and opium. Let the patient drink freely of warm 
water with these two remedies. They are valuable specifics; 
soon give relief. Iodide of potass in saxifraga unites with 
the lead and eliminates it from the body. Sulphate of alumfna, 



196 Twentieth Century Practice. 

in 5-grain doses, thrice daily, prevents the ingress of lead into 
the body. Quinine, with capsicum, are the best remedies for 
the paralysis, with rest and massage. Warm bath with one 
pound of sulphuret of potassium unites with the metal and elim- 
inates it from the tissues. 

Canned fruit and vegetables in tins give rise to irritation of 
the intestinal nerves ; fine, delicate nerves supplying the muscles, 
the duodenum usually first affected. As a prophylactic, 15 
drops of aromatic sulphuric in a glass of lemonade is good 
thrice daily; the iodide potass, in comp. saxifraga, when ad- 
ministered, unites with the tin and eliminates it from the 
body. 

Colic in hand-fed infants is due to swallowing air along with 
their food and to fermentation, which can be obviated by fen- 
nel seed tea, slightly acidulated with lactic acid. Failing in 
this, and the colic severe, the best immediate treatment con- 
sists in irrigating the lower bowel with a large quantity of 
warm water or administering a copious warm enema. The 
application of hot fomentations to the abdomen and of warmth 
to the feet are also serviceable and 20 drops of brandy and a 
dose of carminative may help to relieve the child. An aperient 
is usually indicated to clear away irritating matter, and if the 
bowels are habitually constipated this should be attended to. 

When there is obstinate recurring colic small doses of passi- 
flora are occasionally useful as a palliative while the diet is 
being gradually regulated. The alleviations thus produced en- 
courage the mother to persevere. Other children who have 
chronic indigestion accompanied by recurrent colic are often 
relieved by small doses of protonuclein, taken immediately be- 
fore meals. 

COLLAPSE. — A state of condition that signifies great de- 
pression of vital power, liable to follow any accident, injury, or 
concussion, or inhalation or absorption of any poison, or any 
depressing passion or excess. 

Symptoms are very variable. Most commonly, however, we 
find the patient lying on the back, with a cold skin, feeble pulse, 
sighing respiration, half unconscious. If the force of the shock 
or injury, or poison, has fallen upon the vascular system, 
there will be syncope or fainting, pulse and respiration im- 
perceptible ; if upon the nervous system, patient bewildered, in- 
coherent, vomiting, coma, convulsions, paralysis of sphincters. 

The duration of the stage of prostration is variable, depend- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 197 

ing on the power of vital resistance inherent in the patient and 
the amount of violence inflicted or poison absorbed or degra- 
dation of living matter, commonly from a few to forty-eight 
hours. 

The mode or manner of recovery from shock or collapse is 
termed reaction, everything depending on the nature, degree, 
or quality of that reaction. If, aided by proper means, it is 
perfect, we have recovery; if in spite of our best efforts it is 
altogether wanting, we have death: if it is imperfect, then it is 
followed by fever, a salutary effort of vital force for recovery. 

The indications in treatment are to stimulate vital forces to 
healthy reaction. If the patient is cold, shivering, respiration 
and pulse feeble, diffusible stimulants should be administered, 
such as brandy and water, or capsicum, or some preparation of 
ammonia; if incapable of swallowing, the same remedies should 
be administered by the rectum in an emulsion of slippery elm, 
and spirits of turpentine added. 

COLLIXSOXIA. — Stone root possesses most extraordi- 
nary properties, being astringent to the entire intestinal tract. 
In its action it resembles stone crop, the great bowel invigorator 
and antiseptic, hence it is of great value in diarrhea, dysentery, 
gout, catarrh of the bowels, bladder, uterus. Take it all in all, 
it is a most remarkable drug in all rectal affections. 

Preparations and Doses. — From 30 to 60 drops of the fluid 
extract every three hours. Xo other preparation of any value. 

COMA. — Deep sleep, one deeper than stupor, may be due 
to fracture of the skull, effusion of serum or blood, cerebral 
softening, with paralysis; to microbes or gases poisoning the 
brain ; urea in the blood ; the action of acronarcotics. 

The treatment must be according to the cause; administer- 
ing remedies 'either by the stomach, rectum, skin, generally to 
neutralize a poison, an offending material — then to rouse up 
vital force by friction, shampooing, flagellations, electricity, 
enemata of glycerin with peroxide of hydrogen; a drop of a 
one per cent of nitroglycerin on the tip of the tongue has a 
magical effect on the heart and brain. 

CONIUM MACULATUM. — Of all acronarcotic drugs, 
conium is the only one that perfectly inhibits the evolu- 
tion and growth of the cancer neoplasm, and all that group of 
germs which give rise to symptoms of malignancy ; it is there- 



198 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

fore a remedy which stands alone, useful and powerful for 
good. It can, under all conditions, be given with perfect 
safety, and can be relied upon when administered in allaying 
irritation, subduing pain, upholding the powers of the consti-' 
tution ; favorably influencing nutrition and secretion. 

Pain is an essential symptom of malignancy; of degenerate 
changes ; of nerve and arterial derangement, and conium abro- 
gates the pain of that formidable malady; affords comfort when 
life is intolerable. 

The conium extract, combined with elixir red, is the best 
form for general administration, efficacious and reliable, never 
fails to relieve pain, renders life comfortable. As regards the 
dose, limit it by its effect ; it need not be stinted by any rule. 

When commencing, half of a three grain pill every three 
hours will be sufficient, but after a week or two it can be in- 
creased to one and still larger doses. 

It can in all cases be depended on to relieve pain and render 
life tolerable indefinitely. 

CONTINENCE AND INCONTINENCE OF URINE.— 
Continence, or an inability to pass urine, may be due to exces- 
sive acidity of the urine; overirritability of the muscular coat 
either from the acidity or overdistention ; weakness of the 
sphincter; reflex irritation, as balanitis, adhesion between pre- 
puce and glans penis, smegma around the corona ; drinking ex- 
cessively causing too great a flow; calculi; malformation; con- 
traction of the bladder owing to hypertrophy of its walls; 
metastasis of the amylobacta of rheumatism, enlarged prostate. 

Acidity to be overcome by alkalies, acetate potassa, uric acid 
solvent, fruits containing vegetable acids are changed in the 
system to alkalies; spasmodic contraction, belladonna, gelse- 
mium ; lack of force in the sphincter, ergot, salix nigra, passi- 
flora incarnata. 

Try alkaline baths hot ; a stream of water from a height often 
starts bv acting on the sympathetic. All failing, draw urine 
off. 

Incontinence, an inability to hold the urine, is much more 
commonly met with than continence — extremely prevalent 
among children; neurasthenic ladies, and more rarely among 
adult males. 

The causes are mainly the same as continence, inherent de- 
bility lying at the root of nearly all cases. 

Try some of the following remedies: iron and belladonna;: 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 199 

gelsemium and bromide of soda ; ergot ; nux ; damiana, can- 
tharides, muira puama, rhus aromatica, salix nigra, pichi, passi- 
flora incarnata, stone crop. 

CONVALLARIA MAJALIS.— The leaves and other parts 
of the lily of the valley. 

Therapeutic Action. — A valuable remedy in functional and 
organic disease of the heart. Its action is almost identical 
with digitalis in dropsy, not so definite as strophanthus, but a 
valuable remedy in heart mischief. 

Chemistry. — Two glucosides have been insolated, also an 
alkaloid named maralin. 

Preparations and Doses. — An infusion of 10 grains of the 
flowers to 6 ounces of water. Dose, tablespoonful at suitable 
intervals apart for dropsy. 

A tincture and fluid extract are best adapted for general 
exhibition ; small closes, watching its effects. 

CONCENTRATED OZONE.— An extremely valuable and 
powerful anodyne antiseptic, with the property of penetrating 
to deep-seated parts. Its principal action is on the nerves, 
blunting their sensibility and thus relieving pain. 

Rubbed over the entire abdomen and over the lumbar por- 
tion of the cord, it completely anesthetizes all the sensient 
uterine nerves, not in any way interfering with the motor, 
and thus relieves the pain of parturition. The insertion of a 
few obstetric cones renders labor painless (millions of ladies 
use them) with a certainty. 

It is a remedy for the relief of all human suffering — a perfect 
anodyne to pain. It is best to oil the part, then rub it in. 

Internally in one or two drop doses, in syrup, it is a sedative 
and anodyne; a safe hypnotic for children; relieves colicky 
pains of the intestinal tract and toothache. 

CONVULSIONS. — The common predisposing causes are 
an unstable and irritable nervous system; the exciting causes 
are rickets, laryngismus, stridulus, blows and concussions on 
the head, cerebral hemorrhages, birth palsy, meningitis, 
uremia, pneumonia, fevers, etc. Most causes are all forms of 
reflected irritation, as teething, worms, burns, injuries, indi- 
gestion, asphyxia, invariably associated with malnutrition of 
the nervous system, giving rise to coarse brain lesions. 

The immediate treatment of convulsions, from whatever 
cause, should be the immersion of the body in a warm mustard 



200 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

bath, drying, followed by friction over the entire body. If not 
prompt relief, follow with enemata of warm water into which 
one teaspoonful of euphorbia pil. is added. This is never-fail- 
ing, provided life is not extinct. The same remedy internally, 
15 drops in warm water and repeat if necessary, is excellent to 
correct the disordered brain function, cerebral neurosis. 

Two-thirds of the convulsions in children are due to auto- 
intoxication from the decomposing products of digestion, no 
remedy is so effectual in antagonizing those products and in- 
testinal bacteria. 

Euphorbia pilulifera is a safe, reliable remedy in the cure of 
convulsions ; as a prophylactic one of the best. 

Convulsions occurring during the progress of parturition : 
Convulsive movements of the limbs, muscles of the face; di- 
lated pupils, red or livid countenance, fixed or convulsive eyes. 
foam at the mouth, involuntary escape of urine and feces. 

The ptomains are present in the blood in all cases and it is 
imperative to remove all sources of irritation. Empty the 
bladder and rectum, place a piece of rubber between the teeth. 
Give infusion of lobelia freely by mouth and rectum as soon 
as possible. If the urine is albuminous and scanty, give di- 
uretic teas, then administer bactericides, such as either peroxide 
of hydrogen, or resorcin, or salicylate soda in siegesbeckie, or 
bromide of ammonia with passiflora to neutralize the ptomains. 

CONSTIPATION has come to be a very common ail- 
ment, not only with sick people, but among those who call 
themselves well. It is one of the many symptoms of that very 
prevalent disease, dyspepsia. Its causes are numerous and 
varied. Anything that interferes with the digestive process 
may produce constipation, at least temporarily. With feeble 
people, a little overwork, mental or physical, will render diges- 
tion imperfect; and the food not being properly elaborated 
remains in the alimentary tract, undergoing partial decompo- 
sition. The gases that are given off distend the stomach and 
bowels, causing pressure on the nerves in the adjacent organs, 
which is sometimes followed by severe pain, perhaps cramping. 
The latter can generally be relieved by the application of hot 
compresses over the affected part; or if the trouble is in the 
stomach, a glass or two of hot water will send up the gases, 
relax the contracting muscles, and stop the cramping. 

A very common cause of constipation is the use of white 
flour bread; it should be banished from our tables. Another 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 201 

cause of extreme torpor in the bowels is highly seasoned food. 
Those who like their foods well salted, hot with pepper and 
other condiments, will sooner or later have impaired digestion 
in some form. Persons who are inclined to be plethoric fre- 
quently have a sloughing condition of the bowels, a looseness ; 
in other words, diarrhea, which may in time become chronic, 
But those who are lean and muscular often suffer in a different 
way. The use of salt, pepper, spices, and other irritating sub- 
stances begets inflammation of the mucous membranes. This 
burns up the natural fluids which are intended to lubricate the 
parts, and they are rendered dry and harsh. After a time the 
bowels become shriveled, inactive, torpid ; they can only be 
evacuated by persistent straining, and finally they will not move 
at all without assistance. Much sugar clogs the liver with sac- 
charine matter, and it fails to do its work; the bile is retained 
in the blood ; and the feces, no longer softened by that natural 
lubricant, become impacted in the colon, as well as in the small 
intestine. The latter then loses its function, and cannot se- 
crete those intestinal juices which should aid in the digestive 
process. 

And so it is that the individual goes on from bad to worse; 
his food distresses him, or it fails to nourish. He suffers from 
nervousness, insomnia; he has periodic headaches, or a rush of 
blood to the head. In some instances there is twitching of the 
eyes, or the muscles of the face ; and there are symptoms of St. 
Vitus' dance — tetanus. The hands and feet are inclined to 
be cold, and the general circulation is sluggish. The odor 
from the body is offensive and the breath the same, owing to 
retained fecal matter which is poisoning the system. In fact, 
all the excretions have a foul odor; and the blood is so thick 
that it can scarcely circulate in its vessels, especially the capil- 
laries. 

The pulse at the wrist is heavy and indistinct, sometimes the 
beats intermittent. There is a sense of oppression about the 
heart; and the patient wonders if he has organic disease of that 
organ. He can settle the question, however, by finding out 
whether his pulse is normal at any time ; for if the beats are not 
regularly irregular, there is no organic affection. There is 
simply functional disturbance; though constant dosing with 
digitalis and other medicines that are often given to whip up 
the heart's action will very soon create trouble that may be 
serious. 

This suggests another cause of chronic constipation, and 



202 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

other dyspeptic symptoms. Those who take much medicines 
are frequent sufferers from stomach troubles. The contents 
of the apothecary's shop do not strengthen the digestive organs, 
but weaken them, though the victims are sometimes very slow 
in finding it out. Usually they wake up to that fact after the 
mischief is done. Patients who, from any cause, have been 
long ill usually attribute their bad feelings to the disease — ■ 
whatever that may mean. Very few understand that they are 
making their own diseases as they go along; they see little 
or no connection between incorrect habits and their physical ail- 
ments. Our people need to learn what is meant by good 
health; that it is. the product of right living; and if we disre- 
gard the known laws of physiology we destroy health. It is 
only as we learn to relate ourselves normally to those life- 
giving agents around us that diseases can be avoided and good 
health secured. Pure air, pure water, wholesome food, regular 
and correct habits — these are what constitute health; they en- 
able us to preserve it. We cannot continue to enjoy it if we 
lead reckless lives. 

Exercise, rest, sleep, fresh air, sunlight, plain food, all are 
needed to give us a sound mind in a sound body. 

But suppose we have already parted with that inestimable 
boon, good health, what is to be done? If we have eaten 
badly, lived in stuffy offices filled with tobacco smoke and other 
impurities, taken sleep at all hours or clone without it, worked 
from morning till night with little or no relaxation, and vio- 
lated generally the laws that govern human life, what then? 
We must take the road back, as nature points it out. We must 
cease to do evil and learn to do well. If there is such a thing 
as a correct dietary let us find it, and take only as much food 
as the system can appropriate. We must also partake of it 
under conditions that favor perfect digestion; not eat in a 
hurry, rush off to business, and divert the blood away from 
the stomach to other parts of the body. Neither should we 
put faith in any or all of the so-called aids of digestion. These 
are frauds, every one of them; and we shall make this discov- 
ery after having been victimized a few times. These are ways 
to cure that are natural, and that address themselves to our 
reason ; ways in which normal function can be restored to 
organs that are weak or debilitated. 

On examining a patient who suffers from chronic consti- 
pation, we shall probably find one of two conditions : either 
there is a hollowness or cavity below the ribs, down where the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 203 

stomach and bowels are supposed to be, or else a full and ple- 
thoric state — an abundance of fat with very little muscle, and 
the bowels more or less distended with gases. In either case 
there is a loss of muscular fibre in these parts, and the power 
to contract is feeble. The abdominal muscles have also wasted 
away, and the spaces that they formerly occupied are filled 
with loose areolar tissue, or with layers of adipose ; either that, 
or there is next to no covering over the intestines except a 
shriveled skin. 

But how are we going to bring back normal functions to 
organs that are torpid? The peristaltic action of the bowels 
has been reduced to a minimum, and the same causes have 
been at work to weaken the abdominal walls. These must 
be strengthened ; we must promote growth of muscular fibre, 
not only in the bowels themselves, but in the muscles around 
them. 

The contractile force must be increased. There are several 
methods which we may employ in order to do this. If the 
patient is a woman, the first thing generally (if we want the 
best and quickest results) is to throw away the corset; also 
loosen the skirts and other underwear, and suspend every- 
thing from the shoulders. Then the muscles must be called 
into exercise, either by thorough hand manipulation or in some 
other way. 

A quick sponge bath in the morning, a light but whole- 
some breakfast, and a brisk walk once or twice a day in the 
open air and sunshine, will do much towards bringing fresh 
color to faded cheeks. Many are dying daily for lack of oxy- 
gen; and if we stint ourselves of this life-giving agent we shall 
suffer for it. Among business men and women, the heaviest 
meal at night does much to ruin health. It generally leads 
to late hours ; or if we retire on a full stomach the sleep is 
disturbed. Whether, as business is at present arranged, the 
heartier meal can come earlier is an important question. 
There is no doubt that taking only a very simple repast, say 
theree hours before bedtime, is, as a rule, conducive to good, 
sound sleep. 

If we add to these exercises a simple and nutritious dietary, 
this consisting largely of fruits (raw ripe fruits especially), 
grain preparations well cooked, a few fresh nuts rather than 
so much meat, and some plainly-cooked vegetables for the 
heartier meal, the most obstinate constipation can be over- 
come. For a time you may have to move the bowels with 



204 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

enemas of tepid water, but the latter should be gradually re- 
duced in quantity (absorbed if need be), until none what- 
ever is required. An occasional meal of raw ripe apples ex- 
clusively will help to. produce normal evacuations. 

By methods apparently so simple and yet so effective, we 
strengthen tissues that have been weakened, give tone to dis- 
abled organs, and restore functional action after it is well-nigh 
lost. This is the natural way; but the one commonly pur- 
sued is to swallow a cathartic, provoke vital antagonism in the 
alimentary tract, and cause the bowels to forcibly expel their 
contents. Then in a day or two there is just as much torpidity 
as before, and the same need of a purgative. We weaken 
rather than strengthen the intestines, and finally they refuse 
to act altogether. Let us go back to Nature and learn her way 
of doing things ; she is the best physician. 

Kola-nut extract in the form of paste or lozenge is the 
remedy for constipation, when due to a deficiency of vital 
force and normal secretions in the alimentary canal; it is the 
remedy when due to deficient peristalsis from any cause, es- 
pecially atony due to over-stimulation, which exhausts the 
various coats of the bowel. Kola-nut is the remedy where 
constipation is due to brain exhaustion ; it is an unexcelled 
nervine, has an inhibitory influence on the wear and tear of 
the central nervous system. Kola-nut is the remedy when 
due to deficiency of bodily exercise or movement. 

It is the remedy above all others when constipation is due 
to dilatation of the colon; to debility of the intestinal wall when 
an accumulation of feces takes place. 

The evils of the administration of strong purgatives, sup- 
positories of glycerin, repeated enemata, are they exhaust, 
enervate, wear out the tone of the different coats of the bowel. 

Of all remedies now used for constipation, the glycerin sup- 
positories are the most disastrous, as they drain off all the 
serum from the bowel, and predispose the rectum to cancer. 

Provided there be no hernia, no manformation, no invagina- 
tion or intussusception, rendering defecation difficult or painful, 
kola-nut extract is the proper remedy, because it vitalizes the 
entire alimentary canal, excites activity in the liver, increases 
secretion, stimulates peristalsis and copious evacuation. So 
regulated as to afford one motion daily, continued indefinitely ; 
intestines all the time getting better and better. 

In health and disease constipation gives rise to auto-intoxi- 
cation, which is visible in the headache, fever, foul breath, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 205 

coated tongue, and backache from the distended colon, fecal 
accumulation in the large intestines. All disappear under the 
use of kola-nut. 

Kolatina, also an extract from this remarkable tree, is in- 
valuable. Made up in the form of 5-grain tablets. 

The chief sources of auto-infection are the effete matter of 
the wear and tear of the tissues, foods, putrefactive changes, 
the toxins of disease germs. 

All the secretions and excretions contain toxic products; in 
order, therefore, to enjoy health, elimination should be perfect; 
there should be no retention of morbid products. 

Septic absorption, which is seen in the lassitude, the fever, 
the headache, gone feeling, is often due to arrested peristalsis, 
defective skin, impaired kidney. 

The feces, from birth to death, are a living mass of germs 
and toxins, struggling for supremacy; so long as they are ex- 
creted, the individual is safe. Habitual constipation calls for 
a tonic and germicide, such as the kola-nut paste or lozenge; 
besides it increases peristalsis. 

The cascara tablet or lozenge is perfectly tasteless, mild. 
Generally speaking, however, for inertia, or inactivity of the 
bowels, administer comp. matricaria before meals, and on re- 
tiring for the night a small piece of kola-nut lozenge. 

A diminution of the peristaltic action of the bowels from 
either deficient secretion of bile or other intestinal fluids, or 
possibly obstruction, exceedingly common. 

Habitual constipation is a common ailment. Its causes are 
numerous and varied ; its effect auto-intoxication, with 
nervousness, insomnia, periodic headaches, cold feet, etc. Im- 
perfect digestion, the use of baker's bread, highly seasoned 
food, much saccharine matter, clogs the liver, bile is retained, 
the natural lubricant is deficient, intestinal juices absent. 

The eternal drugging, the contents of a drug store do not 
strengthen the digestive organs, but weaken them. We want 
health-giving agents around, that disease may be avoided. 
Pure air, pure water, wholesome food, correct habits, exercise, 
rest, sleep, fresh air, sunlight. All the so-called aids to diges- 
tion are simply frauds. Regulation of the diet is important, 
which should include oatmeal, bran bread and certain fruits. 
The habit of defecation after the morning meal is excellent. 
A sponge bath, a brisk walk in the morning sunshine, aids 
much, for all suffering from constipation are literally dying 
for want of oxygen. In all cases the grand remedy for 



206 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

habitual constipation is the kola-nut paste lozenge, a small piece 
before retiring. It is a tonic, a vitalizer to the centre intestinal 
tract. It supersedes all other remedies, enemata often do 
.good; glycerin suppositories never, but by draining off the 
serum of the lower bowel are most productive of cancer. 

Sphincter stretching for prolonged constipation and anal fis- 
sure was introduced into the practice of medicine by a no- 
torious charlatan. Forcible dilitation of the anal sphincter is 
incompatible with good common sense, when we have drug 
treatment that will at all times overcome the difficulty. 

The daily use of one, two or three krameria suppositories 
will, in the course of two or three weeks, heal up the most in- 
tractable of fissures. The introduction within the sphincter 
muscle of 20 grains of the jelly of violets once a day will cause 
a dissolution of all strictures, all effused lymph, and cause a 
•complete suspension of all reflex irritation. 

As for rectal ulcers, which are mostly tubercular, the use of 
the guaiacal suppositories, one, two, or three per day, never 
fails to promote perfect cicatrization. 

The sphincter can be completely paralyzed, if the seat of 
spasm from any cause, by the use of the boroglyceride supposi- 
tories. 

CORNEA. — That portion of the covering of the eyeball 
next to the conjunctiva is called the cornea, from its fancied 
resemblance to a horn; transparent and nearly circular, form- 
ing the anterior sixth of the globe. It is a structure of ex- 
tremely low organization; difficult to induce a condition of 
partial death in it, either by violence, contiguous inflammation, 
unless the vital forces are very low, shattered in the extreme, 
or some cachexia, as tubercle, syphilis, gout, etc., be present. 

Acute Corneitis. — May be the result of injuries, cold, wet, 
exposure in, depraved subjects, or inflammation from other 
parts. When it takes place, it renders the polished and trans- 
parent surface of the cornea hazy, dim, and rough, or to look 
like ground glass. 

Symptoms. — Dull, deep-seated pain in the eye; intolerance 
of light; abundant secretion of tears; no mucopurulent dis- 
charge of any moment; a concentric plexus of minute vessels 
can be seen passing from edge of cornea ; a zone of pink ves- 
sels in adjacent sclerotic; haziness of cornea, with opacity. 
Patient affected very tuberculous; disease runs a very chronic 
course, lasting for months, leaving cornea permanently cloudy. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 207 

Opacity of the Corxea. — Invariably the result of inflam- 
mation, and effusion of lymph into the cornea, or between it 
-and the conjunctiva. 

When the effused lymph is light and cloudy it is called 
nebula; a limited white patch, such as results from a cicatrix, 
is called albugo; and if it is very dense, of the consistency of 
ivory, leukoma. Absorption may take place under alteratives 
and tonics, with a local use of brushing on iodide of potass, in 
solution ; or aromatic sulphuric acid, or alum and white of egg 
emulsion to eye, in nebula and albugo ; but they are useless in 
eukoma. 

CORNS, BUNIONS. — The cause in all cases irritation. 
Soak the feet in warm water and soda for half an hour. Have 
the following paste made : Half pound potash ; four ounces 
of water ; half ounce of extract of belladonna ; a little gum 
arabic and wheat flower, enough to form a paste; apply this 
to the corn for a few minutes, then remove it, loosen the edges 
of the corn with a sharp knife, re-apply the paste and in a few 
minutes the corn can be taken out by the roots. After it is 
out apply a lotion of sulphate of copper and chloroform. An- 
other method is to rub the corn well. down with emery paper 
every night and touch it with acetic acid. 

Another excellent formula for corns is : Salicylic acid, 30 
parts; extract cannabis indica, 5 parts; collodion, 240 parts. 
Mix. This mixture is applied by means of a camel's hair 
"brush. In four days use a foot bath ; rub off the collodion. If 
any portion of the corn remains, apply again and again. The 
collodion fixes the acid to the part and protects it from friction ; 
the cannabis indica, an anodyne, and the acid reduce and loosen 
the corn. 

With reference to bunions remove the pressure of the boot 
or shoe by some mechanical contrivance. Then apply corn 
plaster or tincture iodine and collodion, or salicylate soda 
plaster. Salicylate soda and siegesbeckie make an excellent 
application. 

CORONA CLANDIS. — The phenomenon of sexual pleas- 
ure to some extent in the male, originates in the sensory nerves 
of the glans penis, thence transmitted to the seat of reflex 
action and the sexual sense in the brain. 

In the delicate, pinkish, semimucous membrane covering 
the corona glandis there are imbedded thousands of minute 



208 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

nerves, each of which terminates in a little pea-shaped bulb not 
larger than the 1-1200 part of an inch in length. 

These microscopical nerve-bulbs or ganglia are very highly- 
organized, exquisitely sensitive, and are easily and readily 
damaged by masturbation, by sexual excesses, abnormal sexual 
methods, as withdrawal during ejaculation; congress with 
harlots; sexual incompatibility; all unnatural practices; se- 
dentary occupations, blows, chancres, balanitis, exhausting 
diseases. All these and many other conditions deaden, blunt, 
exhaust, change the characteristics of the periphery of these 
nerves, may irritate them, and this irritation is carried to the 
testicles, seminal ducts, spinal cord, and brain. Irritation of 
these nerves renders their sensitive function chaotic — unim- 
pressible. 

The best method of treatment to restore these glands to 
.their pristine condition is to bathe the glans penis nightly, dry 
it off well, then smear it over with pure testicular juice of the 
bull. Its application to the nerve ganglia completely renovates 
their character ; otherwise the local symptoms, that is, the ex- 
hausted, devitalized parts, are best re-invigorated, strength- 
ened, nourished by the administration of c. p. solution of sper- 
min, kephalin, oats, muira pauma, until the emission and penile 
erections cease. Although apparently local, the internal course 
of the proper remedies will bring about a perfect recuperation. 

Married or middle-aged men, or even those older, in apparent 
good health, but from unnatural practices, in early life have 
their sexual organs weak, are benefited by the same local 
treatment. It is the weakened nerve-tendrils or bulbs, which 
require the aid of a vitalizing tonic like spermin to restore its 
lost vitality. The remedy in this form is an inestimable boon 
to men sexually weak or diseased. 

An analogous condition is met with in women, who have 
been either guilty of masturbation or sexual excesses, or suf- 
fered sexual incompatibility, or even worse, promiscuous 
sexual intercourse, and have the nerves of the clitoris blunted, 
deadened, and have become entirely callous. 

CORPULENCY.— The overaccumulation of fat under the 
integuments and around the viscera constitutes obesity. Al- 
though it is essentially a non-vital condition, it is not to be 
confounded with fatty degeneration. 

Causes. — Hereditary tendency, with overfeeding, consump- 
tion of large quantities of fluid ; indolence, and too much sleep ; 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 209 

•excessive use of fatty, farinaceous, vegetable and saccharine 
foods, malt liquors, no care or anxiety. Fat is formed in 
the body from food containing it, also from chemical trans- 
formation of starch and sugar. 

Symptoms. — Besides the increase of weight and bulk, there 
is an impeded play of various important organs, as lungs, and 
heart ; diminution of bodily and mental activity ; disturbance of 
organs of respiration, circulation and digestion; panting on 
the slightest exertion; blood is poor in fibrin, deficient in 
quantity as well as quality; weakness of muscles, countenance 
bloated and sallow ; liability to gouty and neuralgic affections. 
Obesity not conducive to longevity; sudden death not uncom- 
mon. Partial obesity, such as fatty tumors, fat around heart 
in beer drinkers ; fatty omentum or fat belly, in gormandizers. 

Treatment. — Bowels to be kept open twice a day; bathing 
daily in alkaline or acid water ; sleep to be restricted to six or 
seven hours; patient to walk first a mile, then two, or more, 
daily, until he is lathered over with free perspiration, then 
stripped in a warm room and rubbed down briskly with aqua 
ammonia and water, and dry clothes put on. This should be 
done before breakfast. If circumstances favor, horseback ex- 
ercise. Diet should consist of meat, white-fish, green vege- 
tables, biscuit or dry toast, tea without sugar. Avoid or pro- 
hibit as much as possible bread, butter, milk, sugar, beets, po- 
tatoes, beans, peas, and broths, with coffee. Appetite improved 
if faulty, with bitter tonics, as gentian, quassia. 

Our best remedy to get rid of fat is the ozonized phytolacca 
berry juice. 

CORYZA. — Inflammation of the nostrils, irritation, sneez- 
ing, catarrh, chills, fever ; discharge from nostrils, first watery, 
then mucous, mucopurulent ; pain in forehead ; when the frontal 
sinuses are involved, pain and swelling in cheek ; when inflam- 
mation extends to antrum it is liable to extend to larynx and 
bronchia. In young infants the nostrils become blocked up and 
they are unable to nurse. 

Thymol jelly is one of our best local restoratives, inserted 
up the nostrils, while a warm bath, rest in bed, warm room, a 
free administration of passiflora incarnata are of great efficacv. 

COTTON ROOT.— The inner bark of the green root is an 
emmenagogue, parturient and abortive; promotes uterine 
contractions with great efficiency. 



210 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Preparations and Doses. — A fluid extract prepared from the- 
inner bark of the green root is the most reliable, in teaspoon- 
ful doses every three hours. 

COUGH. — A "cough" may be due to any of the following 
causes : 

1. Enlarged tonsils. 

2. Inflamed throat. ' 

3. Enlarged uvula tickling the back of the throat by flapping 
about. 

4. Dropsy of the entrance to the windpipe. 

5. Bronchitis and inflammation of the lungs. 

6. Asthma. 

7. Stomach disorders. 

8. All febrile disorders. 

9. Consumption. 

10. Pleurisy. 

11. Growth about the air passages. 

And several other rarer causes too numerous to mention. 

It is therefore obvious that a "cough" cannot be treated with- 
out knowing the cause, and we shall endeavor to make plain 
the different varieties of cough, and how they may be recog- 
nized, taking them seriatim. 

Enlarged tonsils can be seen by telling the person to open the 
mouth and take a deep breath, or, if necessary, by pressing 
down the tongue with the handle of a tablespoon, and may 
further be known by a peculiar throaty voice. 

Inflamed Throat. — On examination in a good light, by the 
method indicated in last paragraph, the throat will be found 
reddened and swollen. 

Elongated Uvula. — By an examination in the same manner, 
and observing whether it touches the back of the tongue or 
tonsils. 

Dropsy of the Glottis. — By the sudden symptoms of choking 
and great difficulty in breathing, and almost always occurring 
in women, especially at the climacteric. 

Bronchitis. — By the violent paroxysms of coughing, accom- 
panied after a time by expectoration of thick, yellowish, viscid 
mucus. 

Pneumonia. — By the high state of fever and the short hack- 
ing cough, accompanied by the expectoration of rusty-colored 
mucus. 

Asthma. — By its "twangy" cough, which is periodical and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 21 r 

severe, great difficulty in breathing, the arms generally being 
placed on some object to raise the shoulders in order to get a 
better leverage for the pectoral muscles. 

Stomach disorders usually give rise to a cough which is not 
severe, but which obviously starts in the diaphragm or muscle 
that divides the chest from the abdomen. 

Febrile complaints give rise to a short cough not charac- 
teristic. 

Consumption is accompanied by a hollow cough, and the ex- 
pectoration of mucus that looks like pledgets of wool soaked 
in water, and frequently there is coughed up mucus mixed with 
bright streaks of blood and air bubbles. 

Pleurisy gives occasion to a restrained cough, kept down be- 
cause of the great pain it causes in the region of the inflamma- 
tion. 

Watch a patient as he enters the room, and several things 
may be noticed which will aid the diagnosis. If the lips are 
parted, and there is a curious vacant look about the face, it is 
a throat cough, probably from enlarged tonsils. If the voice is 
husky, most likely it is due to inflammation of the pharynx. 
If the cheeks are hollow, and the person is thin, and has a flush 
over each cheek, look out for consumption. A big, burly man 
or woman, with a large chest, and bluish lips, and suffused eyes, 
generally denotes bronchitis — the bluish, livid appearance par- 
ticularly. If the hand be held to the side as the person coughs, 
pleurisy may be suspected, especially if there is an evident de- 
sire to repress it. 

A person with dropsy of the glottis will not be able to walk 
to the surgery. 

Children do not spit up the mucus; to distinguish throat 
from chest ailments in them, watch the nostrils and the rapidity 
of breathing. If you find the former moving rapidly, dilating 
and shutting, and the breathing quick, it is a chest ailment. 

Croupy coughs speak for themselves, and so does whooping- 
cough when the whoop comes on. In the earlier stages whoop- 
ing-cough has a simple cough, but croup early develops a 
"crowing cough." 

In the cough of commencing fevers, the other obvious signs 
are those of heat, thirst, and constipation, and the heightened 
flush on the cheeks and glistening eyes. A simple cough — that 
is, a cough due to inflamed throat — is best treated simply by 
glycerin being swallowed, or syrup of tolu, with a little pare- 
goric, and in adults by sucking ice, or a cold water bandage to 
the throat externally. 



212 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Besides, there is what is denominated nervous cough. 

Common to some nervous persons, irritation of inhaling 
■dust, or excitement in delicate males and neurasthenic females, 
also children of feeble organization are often troubled with an 
irritative cough analogous to that present in bronchial irrita- 
tion. Most likely due to some reflex cause. 

Such remedies as the ozonized tar syrup, aconite, belladonna, 
matricaria, Pulsatilla, musk-root, avena sativa, phosphates, and 
prunia, as follows : Prunia, four ounces ; aromatic sulphuric 
acid, one dram; sulphate of quinine, thirty-six grains. Mix. 
Dose, according to age of .patient. 

Passiflora incarnata, a splendid remedy if of nervous origin ; 
if due to the toxins of microbes, the comp. syrup of tolu is 
most efficacious. 

In pulmonary tuberculosis, much of the cough is due to the 
rapid growth of the bacillus and its presence in the bronchial 
tubes. In bronchitis there is a greater or less amount of 
mucus at all times exuding through the air vesicles and tubes, 
which keeps up an incessant coughing, and aggravates all bron- 
chial conditions. In both these states, preparations of the 
pine tree soothe or alleviate the cough. Inhalations of the 
pine tree distillate from the needles; pine tree syrup is excel- 
lent; as for the pine-tree tablets, simply keeping one in the 
mouth during waking hours is very effective. 

In pneumonia, sulphide calcium one grain, every hour until 
the hepatization breaks up; when this has been accomplished, 
the same expectorants might be used. 

CRAMP. — Cramp is a spasmodic, involuntary, and painful 
contraction of the muscular fibres. The term is generally ap- 
plied to the affection of the voluntary muscles, in contradistinc- 
tion to spasm, applied to that of the involuntary. Any 
muscles may become affected with cramp, but those of the 
legs and arms, of the former especially, are most liable to be so, 
doubtless from the greater liability of the nerves supplying 
the lower extremities to irritation and pressure, two great ex- 
citing causes of the disorder. The cramp may be confined to 
one or. two muscles, such as those of the calves of the legs, or 
may be more general, as happens in cholera. The affected 
fibres are drawn in hard knotty contractions, and maintain 
this condition for a longer or shorter time. The most frequent 
causes of cramp are the presence of indigestible food in the 
stomach, or of acid in the bowels, or the pressure exerted on 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 213 

the nerves by overloaded bowels. A similar acting cause in 
pregnancy or labor, the weight and pressure of the child, also 
occasions painful and troublesome cramp. The disorder is 
often associated with the presence of worms. When cramp 
affects the arms and fingers, it may be connected with disease of 
the heart and great blood-vessels of the chest. The power of 
the application of sudden and prolonged cold in producing 
cramp is often sadly exemplified in the case of bathers. 

The best immediate remedy for cramp is friction with the 
hand ; or, better still, with concentrated ozone and olive oil, and 
thoroughly evacuate the bowels with'kolatina. 

CREOLIN. — A product of the dry distillation of coal. It 
is an oily dark-brown fluid, smelling of tar, but differing from 
carbolic acid in being easily and completely miscible with water, 
forming a milky solution which tends to become brown. We 
have tested its action on several varieties of organisms. A 
two per thousand mixture of creolin killed the cholera bacillus 
and the streptococcus of pus and of erysipelas in two minutes, 
the bacillus anthracis in five minutes; but the typhoid bacillus, 
the staphylococcus pyogenes, was not affected in an hour's 
treatment. A two per cent mixture, however, killed the 
staphylococcus and tetragenes in about fifteen minutes. Creo- 
lin is a more powerful germicide than carbolic acid. A three 
per cent mixture killed the spores of bacillus anthracis in two 
days, a six per cent in twenty-four hours, whereas a carbolic 
acid mixture up to eight per cent did not affect the spores in 
seven days. Many other experiments confirmed the superi- 
ority of creolin over carbolic acid. Given in large doses to 
animals, creolin is not found to be poisonous. It is eliminated 
by the kidneys, and the urine is not discolored, although tri- 
bromphenol may be separated from it by the addition of bro- 
mine water and of hydrochloric acid. Creolin has been used 
therapeutically both for external and internal administration. 
Externally, we have used a one per cent mixture in a severe 
case of puerperal joint affection, in ulcers of the leg, in old 
operation wounds, and also in recent wounds. Good results 
were obtained in all these cases; the growth of granulations 
was stimulated, and the excessive discharge was stopped. 
Ulcers may be treated with a gauze-compress soaked in a one 
to two per cent solution and bandaged up for about four days. 
We strongly recommend the employment of creolin in gauze 
or as an emulsion in surgical practice, in conditions similar to 



214 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

those indicated above. We have employed it with good results 
in otitis media. We use an injection of the strength of ten 
drops to one-half pint of warm water in acute otitis. It re- 
lieves the pain, and owing to its innocuousness, it may be used 
as an injection in leukorrhea. As regards its internal adminis- 
tration, it effects big results in gastric catarrh, in diseases of the 
stomach and intestines. It was found free from poisonous ef- 
fect and non-irritant. It may be given in doses of 3 to 15 
grains, in gelatin capsules, three times daily, and relieves 
meteorism and catarrh, and is serviceable in the severe forms 
of local inflammation of the intestines, such as typhlitis. In 
simple dilatation of the stomach, in flatulence and in diarrhea, 
it is of great service. It is of great utility as an injection in 
cystitis. It is always well to be a little cautious of taking too 
rose-colored a view of the action and effects of a newly-intro- 
duced drug. If all that has been stated about creolin be cor- 
rect, we have in it a drug of great importance, a powerful anti- 
septic with no poisonous qualities. Experience will determine 
the extent of its utility. 

CREATININ. — The alkaloid of muscle is found to some 
extent in all muscles, but the heart muscle of man is most pro- 
ductive of it, besides it is quite abundant in the active muscles 
of all wild animals and fowls. 

The white meat of the quail of North Carolina contains more 
of this organic substance than the muscle of all animals or 
fowls. 

It is an invaluable remedy in weak heart, or what is termed 
heart failure; to the amount of three grains every four hours. 
It is worthy of the confidence of all. 

When the tubercular bacillus is either evolved in the blood, 
or enters the body by contagion and infection, it has a peculiar 
affinity to live upon the creatinin of the muscles, rather than 
upon the blood, hence some pathologists have endeavored to 
show that the wasting, or emaciation, is due to that cause. 

It should be administered alone after meals, never combined 
with any other medicament. 

CRETINISM. — This may be regarded as the utmost extent 
of deterioration that can be brought about in a human being by 
tubercular without death. It may be regarded as an imperfect 
formation or development of the body, accompanied by a 
dwarfish stature, malformation of the head, which is flat on top 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 215 

and spread out laterally; mental imbecility, countenance va- 
cant, devoid of intelligence, physical deformity in various de- 
grees, mouth gaping, tongue protruding, saliva flowing, bron- 
chocele, brutalized habits, squinting, deaf-mutism, blindness. 

This disease is common in valleys or gorges in which there 
is an absence of sunlight, and the inhabitants are necessitated 
to drink ice and snow water. In addition to those, stagnant 
air, filthy abodes, the ice or snow water loaded with calcareous 
matter, with extreme poverty, bad food, sensuality, and other 
forms of mental and physical degradation. Consanguinity 
and incompatibility of temperament may also be a cause. 

When cretinism is developed it never can be transmitted; 
an impure sustained breed cannot be produced. Procreation 
ceases ; a cretin never produced a cretin, nor an albino an albino. 
There is no establishment of a morbid race. 

Myxedema, sporadic cretinism, feeble-mindedness, idiocy, 
nervous diseases, loss of memory, physical deformity, phrenal 
softening, which have received so much attention by the lead- 
ing physicians of the present age, point to the conclusion that 
profound changes in the whole body take place and are asso- 
ciated with either an absence or atrophy of the whole thyroid 
gland. 

Continued, never-failing success attends the exhibition of 
thyroid extract in the treatment of the above diseases, and of 
all others in which a failure of the vital forces is present, in all 
of which a renewal of life is indicated. 

Such success attends the use of the remedy that it will doubt- 
less extend the sphere of its usefulness. 

The administration of the thyroid extract prevents race de- 
terioration and decay. This is well illustrated in its admin- 
istration in cases of obesity. Nearlv all cases of feeble-mind- 
edness, mexedema, cretinism, idiocy, are characterized by stout- 
ness and hebetude of mind. After taking thyroid extract, they 
show a marked decrease of weight and intellectual brightening. 
It is an excellent remedy for obesity, as it acts on the neuro- 
trophic and vasomotor systems, increasing their force, regulat- 
ing the amount of blood sent to each glandular organ, power- 
fully affecting the secretion of the bile and pancreatic juice, 
and thus stimulating the metabolic functions of the body. In- 
creased activity of secretion means less adipose tissue. 

The first dose of the ozonized thyroid extract relieves the 
heaviness, the oppressed breathing, the clouded brain, the slow- 
ness of thought and action which are the characteristics of the 
stout. 



216 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Thyroid extract has been thoroughly tested in insanity, and 
the value of this treatment has been demonstrated to be im- 
mense in the mental affections due to myxedema. The value 
of the thyroid extract in all forms of insanity associated with 
goitre is most striking. 

In mania, the thyroid operates as a rebuilder of vital tissue. 

To the raving mania of the masturbator it acts well, but its 
action must be strengthened by large doses of green root tinc- 
ture of gelsemium and c. p. solution of spermin. 

We see nothing of Alpine cretinism in North America. 
What we do see is usually the result of alcoholic conception, 
hence mostly congenital, occurring in infants, and identical 
with myxedema in adult life. In both the essential feature is 
either the absence, or perverted, or deficient action of the thy- 
roid gland, which gives rise either to dullness of conception, 
gaping idiocy, feeble-mindedness. In both the cerebral motor 
and trophic nervous system are profoundly affected. 

In the infantile form, with absent or defective thyroid, there 
is either an arrest of growth of some special or every tissue of 
the body, or some abnormal growth. 

The thyroid gland secretes some substance which is essential 
to the healthy and harmonious working of the central and 
peripheral nervous system. A want of this substance, the 
nervous mechanism is deprived of a something which regulates 
the formation of every cerebral and physical element in the 
body, and the disposition of mucin products, the production of 
some substance which counteracts the abnormal constituents 
of the blood. 

The thyroid gland, being ductless, points to a secretion of 
some active principle of life substance, something which im- 
plants a vitalizing element, at the same time neutralizes the 
toxic materials in the blood and system at large. 

Defects, mental and physical, are either mostly due to an 
imperfectly developed thyroid or to a failure in the perform- 
ance of function. 

Thus the secretion of the thyroid gland or its administration, 
especially of the lamb, has a powerful effect on the mental and 
physical system; and its administration promotes growth, 
overcomes feeble-mindedness, cures idiocy and two-thirds of 
all cases of mental aberration. 

Don't overlook the ozonized extract of the lamb's thyroid 
when the patient needs to be braced up and desires either his 
hair or his memory to grow — don't fail to give it on the 
slightest indications of imbecility or arrest of development. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 217 

If there be one in your neighborhood, you will know him by 
the following characteristics : Stunted growth, large broad 
head, with scarcely any brow ; thick features, widely staring- 
eyes, flat nose, large gaping mouth, narrow chest, pot belly, 
crooked legs, coarse wrinkled skin, deficient mental capacity, 
approaching idiocy. If he is under twenty-one years of age, 
he can be cured by the administration of the ozonized thyroid 
extract. 

If there be a case of defective development, approximating; 
either idiocy or insanity, the same remedy will aid us to get rid 
of useless idiots and helping the insane. Defective develop- 
ment suggests some force which has influenced the thing we 
call life ; heredity, intermarriage, alcoholic conception being the 
chief causes. 

A liberal use'of the ozonized thyroid extract will speedily do 
away with all institutions for deaf-mutes and feeble-mind - 
edness. 

CREOSOTA. — Beechwood creosote, a bactericide of great 
efficacy, has a special affinity for the tubercular bacillus. The 
best form for administration is : Creosote, twenty grains ; 
alcohol and syrup, of each six drams ; water, three ounces. 
Mix. Dose, one teaspoonful thrice daily. 

The ozonized mistura creosote is an admirable form for in- 
ternal administration. The distillate of creosote is termed 
guaiacol, which has prodigious powers in annihilating the 
tubercular bacillus. Used by inhalation, orally in the ozonized 
mistura guaiacol ; by suppository, and added to olive oil by in- 
unction into the skin : in an ointment, wonderfully efficacious 
in enlargement of the testicle. 

CROTOX CHLORAL HYDRATE.— Dose : Five grains in 
syrup every half hour, or a three-grain pill as frequent. Indi- 
cated as an anesthetic for deep sleep and relief of pain. Croton 
chloral contains more hydrogen than chloral hydrate. It is, 
in fact, butyl chloral. Its practical value is the property of 
diminishing sensibility before producing narcosis. 

CRIME. — The reabsorption of the testicular secretion 
makes the man and the ovarian secretion the woman, that the 
failure of either predisposes to insanity. A perversion of this 
secretion brought about by irritation, originates morbid im- 
pulses in the pelvic nerves, producing a reflected neurosis, with 
incoherence and instability of all acts. Abnormal ovulation,. 



218 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

erotic impulses, lowers the psychical and physical inhibitory 
control of the entire nervous system, increases the suscepti- 
bility to irritation, weakened will control, which permits dis- 
torted mental visions, erratic moral acts. A woman at the 
climacteric period is helpless to evade or subdue her mental 
equilibrium to profound disturbance, as melancholia, dementia, 
insanity, if not depression of spirits, hallucination. 

Prevention being better than cure, it becomes the duty of 
every family physician, when his female patients reach the age 
of forty, to inculcate a prophylactic treatment, and select and 
place her upon the best, most efficient remedies in the materia 
medica to tide her over that crisis which is impending. 

Wine of aletris farinosa, which is not only a restorative, but 
a bracing tonic to the entire reproductive system, and a remedy 
that can be administered in every case with great advantage, 
never failing to afford relief and benefit, whenever the uterus 
undergoes organic change. Another very valuable remedy, 
of universal efficiency at this period, is the c. p. solution of 
spermin, a brain builder of immense power; add to this the 
ozonized tinct. of matricaria, and we have the three best reme- 
dies, which administered at that peculiar period of life will 
prevent that dreaded disease which every modern woman fears 
— cancer. 

CROUP. — An irritation, inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the larynx and the effusion of plastic lymph in which 
a pathogenic microbe appears — an affection very common and 
fatal among young children of a sanguine temperament, 
plethoric habit, short necks, with plump embodiment. 

The microbic evolution is blended with a plastic state of the 
blood, and is usually ushered in as the electric forces become 
lowered toward the afternoon and evening by symptoms of 
catarrh, hoarseness, clanging cough, sore throat, slight febrile 
exacerbation. 

About midnight, when the electrical forces are at their low- 
est, the child awakes with a husky cough, great difficulty of 
breathing an impending sense of suffocation, face either flushed 
or dusky or livid, with a high temperature — becomes gradually 
and rapidly worse and dies from asphyxia. 

This may occur the first night, generally two or three nights, 
growing worse every succeeding day, or the vital forces of the 
child may rally, an improvement taking place towards morning, 
"but the attack is likely to recur towards evening. The recur- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 219 

rent attacks, each growing worse, become fatal, or they grow 
less and less, till recovery ensues. Shreds of false membrane, 
heavily loaded with cocci, are often expelled from the throat 
during an attack. 

Treatment. — This should be prompt, energetic — a hot mus- 
tard bath admits of no delay — smear the neck with warm salad 
oil, then apply concentrated ozone, and over that hot sponges 
or poultices. If breathing be impeded, administer small but 
oft repeated doses of the ozonized comp. syrup of blood root 
and lobelia ; if not speedy relief, larger doses ; carry it to emesis 
at once; rest in bed; warm room, 75 degrees F., with formalin 
exposed so as to vaporize. 

To completely annihilate the micrococci of croup, administer 
iodide of calcium : Iodide of lime, ten grains ; distilled water, 
four ounces. Mix half a teaspoonful every half hour; or tritu- 
rate a dram of iodide of lime in one ounce of sugar of milk, 
administer in suitable doses. It not only cures, but eradicates 
every germ, and prevents their re-evolution in the blood. Its 
use will not disappoint even the most unbelieving. The comp. 
syrup of blood root and lobelia should never be overlooked. 

The diet should be light and nutritious. 

CUTANEOUS MEDICATION {Jellies and Ointments). 
— In the present era of new methods of treatment and new 
remedies, none have met with such approval as the excellent 
procedure of aborting inflammatory action by means of power- 
ful germicides of an anesthetic character ; of instantaneously 
breaking all breaches of continuity and promptly curing all 
cutaneous diseases by means of medicated jellies. These have 
been extensively used by progressive physicians for the past 
twenty years, and their utility has exceeded the anticipations 
of the most sanguine. 

Ozonized Jelly of Violets is a local anesthetic, powerful 
bactericide, which presents strong and special claims for recog- 
nition — non-toxic, producing local insensibility wherever 
applied. 

For aborting various inflammations there is no remedy to be 
compared with it. In the various forms of ophthalmia, simply 
everting the lid and inserting one grain of the jelly twice or 
thrice daily completely wipes out inflamamtory action in a short 
space of time. 

In tonsillitis, acute, paint it over all the painful and congested 
parts, inflammatory action ceases. 



220 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

In acute and chronic nasal catarrh; in neurosis of the olfac- 
tory nerve, due to the inhalation of pollen, aromas, such as is 
present in hay fever, or asthma, epidemic influenza and kindred 
conditions, painting the interior of the nostril with it thrice 
daily completely eradicates the pathological conditions. 

In all cutaneous inflammations, such as erysipelas and burns, 
simply paint or spread on lint the jelly and apply on the in- 
flamed or denuded surface, when all redness, congestion, pain 
subsides at once. 

In cancerous and syphilitic ulceration of the tongue and 
larynx, thickening, infiltrations, large excavations, patient only 
able to take liquid food, apply the jelly of violets every three 
hours, the excruciating suffering is promptly relieved. 

In gastric ulceration, cancerous infiltration, enteritis, one 
grain in a capsule every three hours will do big work in main- 
taining a local anesthetic effect upon the nerve ending. It 
may in those doses be given with impunity on account of its 
non-toxicity. 

Very celebrated cancer specialists employ the jelly of violets 
in the cure of cancer of the tongue or stomach, intestines and 
rectum, combining it with papoid in all cases, which is a power- 
ful digestive and absorbent. Guard it exceedingly well, as it 
is a powerful anesthetic, operates well in all cancers, subdues 
reflex irritability, pain of coughing and swallowing, especially 
if the tongue, soft palate, larynx, be affected with epithelioma. 
If necessary the jelly can be dissolved in water and used as a 
spray in laryngeal cancer, infra-nasal ulcer, malignant tuber- 
cular ulceration. All pain, tenderness disappear, and a rapid 
diminution of all odors in the discharge. 

It excels all other dressings in phagedenic ulcers and 
venereal sores. 

The Ozonized Resorcin Jelly, a peculiar cutaneous germicide, 
which next to the jelly of violets occupies the foremost place in 
the armamentarium of the dermatologist. It is not exactly a 
new remedy, but by clinical observation and experience new 
fields have been opened up for its use. It has a most extensive 
sphere of usefulness, valuable results always attend its internal 
as well as its local application. It has the peculiar property 
when applied of exciting an exudative form of inflammation, 
thereby removing infiltrations, hypertrophies, causes abnormal 
or adventitious tissue to peel off. 

Its indications are numerous and its action effective in 
psoriasis, for acne rosacea, and even in epitheliomatous patches. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 221 

Ozonized Jelly Chlorate of Carbon is principally used as a 
tooth, gum and tongue preparation, being powerfully anti- 
septic ; it kills the oidium albicans, the leptothrix buccalis, and 
tooth, gum and tongue preparation, being powerfully anti- 
septic; it kills the oidium albicans, the leptothrix bucalis, and 
all the bacteria common in the oral cavity. The method of 
application is simply to dip the dry brush in the jelly and apply 
to the desired part, .or the jelly can be dissolved in water in 
sufficient quantity to suit. 

Its chief value is its germicide properties, its vitalizing in- 
fluence on the teeth and gums. 

It is a decidedly efficient prophylactic against all diseases of 
the mouth and throat, such a preparation that should be in very 
general use, as the early decay of the teeth is very general in all 
whose vitality is exhausted by overtaxing the nervous system. 

Jelly of Ichthyol is useful in pityriasis, ichthyosis, eczema, 
erysipelas, boils, as well as all vegetable and parasite skin 
affections, extremely effective in the different forms of tinea. 

Clinical observation teaches it to be very efficacious in local- 
ized rheumatic pains, both in muscles and joints. Smeared 
liberally over old muslin and applied. Many physicians use 
this jelly in burns and in gastric catarrh. 

Thymol Jelly, used with most benefit in genital eczema, 
pruritus, as a general antiparasite, it embodies even in weak 
dilutions strong bactericide properties, but is cooling, soothing, 
healing, absolutely non-irritating. It can be applied freely, 
as there is no toxicity, and it affords rapid relief of all pain. 

Jelly of Chrysarobin is of especial value in leprosy, psoriasis, 
rupia. Before applying this jelly, smear the parts well with 
ozone ointment, over which apply the jelly. 

Jelly Periodate Aurum, valuable in syphilis, applied freely, 
so as to saturate the system. In this way it is utilized in initial 
sclerosis, good and very effective in condylomata of rectum, 
scrotum, vulva. When applied, they disappear rapidly. Its 
application affords prompt relief in gouty and rheumatic pains. 

Indicated in all syphilitic cutaneous affections, abscesses, car- 
buncles, indurations. 

Jelly of Boroglyceride is an excellent, efficacious germicidal 
application. Used in cases of superficial injuries, burns, fever 
sores on lips, nose, angle of the mouth during the winter 
months. It completely annihilates the oidium albicans on 
mouth and nipple. Excellent application to old ulcers with 
indurated edges. One of the best applications in erysipelas. 



222 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Jelly of Salicylic Acid is used for thickening of the skin, cal- 
losities, corns, keratoid eczema. Has a most decided action in 
lupus, ichthyosis, acne, sycosis, lichen, in rheumatic synovitis. 
All grades of strength of which the skin of the patient is 
tolerant are prescribed, with a decided effect. 

Jelly of Acetate of Aluminum has met with great success in 
burns and superficial inflammation of the skin; also in badly 
healing ulcers, lupus and malignant excrescences. 

Jelly of Carbolic Acid has been utilized as a local application 
to lumbar portion of the back in initial sclerosis. 

Jelly of Formalin, useful in infected wounds, indolent ulcers, 
chancres, lupus, eczema, boils, erysipelas, careinomatous excres- 
cences, bites of rabid animals. 

Ointments. — Quite a number of new ointments have been 
introduced, all having their base in petrolina jelly or vaselin. 
Some of these possess rare value and are entered in the pharma- 
copoeia. 

Ozone Ointment is a powerful bactericide. 

Indicated : In all skin diseases, as in erythema, eczema, 
lichen, psoriasis, prurigo, pityriasis, impetigo, all forms of tinea, 
blotches, pimples, burns, frost-bite, erysipelas, excoriation, 
ulcers, varicose veins, itch, scurvy, piles, as a dressing to all 
wounds or sores. 

Its energetic germicidal properties render it the finest, most 
penetrating emollient, healing product virtue, as no microbe 
can live under where it is applied. Hence it is valuable locally 
in phthisis, pneumonia, metria, balanitis, chancre. 

Chrysophanic Acid Ointment in variable strengths, ten, 
twenty and thirty per cent is of great therapeutic value in psori- 
asis, lepra, and cutaneous leprosy. 

Applied in its high potency, it causes a complete exfoliation 
of the malignant cutaneous affection, leaving a healthy tissue, 
and if the proper constitutional remedies are administered, 
seldom reappears again. A strength that will cause desquama- 
tion is desirable in all cases. 

Gaultheria O in t incut. — This ointment has a most remark- 
able affinity for the bacillus amylobacta, the pathogenic microbe 
of rheumatism. By endosmosis it passes into joints; over the 
pericardium of the heart it has an active sterilizing effect, as is 
visible from the prompt relief of pain. Besides killing off the 
bacillus, it neutralizes its toxins. 

As an agent to be employed in partially ankylosed joints due 
to gout and rheumatism, it has no equal. Best applied by 
gentle massage. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 223 

Guaiacol Ointment. — A much more active agent than the 
pine-tree ointment, being capable of completely annihilating 
the tubercle bacillus. In endosmosis it has remarkable powers 
of penetration; in the same potency as the pine, it will double 
it in real practical utility as a bactericide. It is also exceedingly 
valuable in cases in which the gonococcus has migrated to the 
testes and produced orchitis, with considerable pain and en- 
largement. Bathing the scrotum with water as hot as can be 
tolerated, drying off, then applying guaiacol ointment every 
three hours, speedily brings about resolution. 

Guaiacol ointment or jelly is inimical to the microbe of ery- 
sipelas ; its microbicide properties are great in destroying every 
vestige of the germ. 

Mexican Ointment. — The climate of Mexico is most relax- 
ing, hence hernia is very common among both old and young 
of both sexes. Some twenty years ago a celebrated surgeon 
in the city of Mexico introduced this ointment as an applica- 
tion over all hernial openings so as to induce contraction, and 
at the same time excite adhesive inflammation, with effusion 
of plastic lymph and obliteration or filling up of the hernial 
aperture. The method adopted in its application is to return 
the hernia, bathe over it, dry well, then apply the ointment over 
and above all the truss, pad or compress. The application is 
unattended with danger, and is more successful and rational 
than the injecting of irritants into the hernial aperture. In 
order to effect a radical cure, keep on with its application for a 
few weeks, until abundance of plastic lymph has been effused. 

Siegesbeckie Ointment. — Being a powerful germicide, has 
great healing properties in gangrenous ulcers. It is of utility 
in all vegetable parasite skin diseases. It contains an alkaloidal 
substance called darutyne, which is an active bactericide. 

Resorcin Ointment. — A valuable local application to all can- 
cerous cavities and ulcers. It operates well also in syphilitic 
sores. 

Resorcin ointment is the best known of all germicide cerates, 
and can be successfully prescribed in acne, eczema, pruritus, in 
all acute and chronic skin diseases; one of the best and most 
reliable of all cutaneous applications. 

Saw Palmetto Ointment. — This is prepared from the oleo- 
resin of the ripe, undried berries, and possesses all the medicinal 
properties in a very marked degree of this very celebrated 
agent. As a vitalizer, a promoter of nutritive growth and 
development of the organs of generation in both sexes, there 



224 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

is no remedy which can be compared with it. It is easy of 
application ; simply bathe the breast or scrotum, dry well, apply 
the ointment with gentle massage or friction for fifteen min- 
utes, morning and night. During the day and night a thin 
coating of the ointment should be kept in close approxima- 
tion without pressure. 

Storax Ointment. — This is prepared from the best Persian 
storax, and makes one of the most valuable of all microbicide 
ointments. It unquestionably forms one of the most valuable 
dressings for cancerous cavities after removal. An elegant 
application to syphilitic sores. , 

Pine-Tree Ointment. — The oil of the needles of the North 
Carolina pine incorporated into ozone ointment, potency ten^ 
twenty and thirty per cent. This ointment, containing all the 
ozonizing aroma of the pine, when applied over a tubercular 
solidified lung, over tubercular damaged joints, inhibits, steril- 
izes, and is actively inimical to the vitality and growth of the 
tubercle bacillus underneath. We do not claim that it will 
annihilate the bacillus: it is a scavenger, and puts the germ 
in a quiescent state ; valuable as an auxiliary agent. 

Microbes in the Skin. — In all deviations from a healthy 
standard in and on the cutaneous surface, we have either 
animal or vegetable germs present in the degraded living mat- 
ter. 

All applications, whatever they may be, should be germi- 
cidal and anodyne. 

At the head of all oleaginous preparations stand storax and 
resorcin ointments. 

Storax Ointment has acquired a well-earned reputation in 
the healing of open cancerous sores. 

It is an excellent dressing for any irritable condition of the 
skin, such as chapped hands, face, chilblains, excoriated nipples 
aphthae), destroys every microbe present in from twelve to 
twenty-four hours. When about to apply it on a raw or cracked 
surface, first wash it well with hot water and soap, thoroughly- 
dry it, and then spread it on lint and apply. 

Resorcin Ointment. — This elegant pharmaceutical prepara- 
tion is a chemical combination of resorcin and ozone ointment, 
forms an unalterable and absolutely non-irritating salve, which 
has proved itself of remarkable efficacy in eczema, relieving the 
intolerable itching the moment it is applied. Its action is rapid 
in ail chronic intractable, inflammatory skin affections; for the 
moment it is applied it disipates the capillary hyperemia, 
relieving the local congestion. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 225 

In the proportion of one ounce of resorcin to ten of ozone 
ointment it is soothing, healing in all inflamed eruptions. 

Its germicidal action is powerful, prompt in killing all germs 
in the eczematous patches or upon cracked, fissured excoria- 
tions, denuded or abraded surfaces; it even alleviates the in- 
tense burning of erysipelas. For itching and inflamed piles it 
is one of the best remedies known. Spread on lint and applied. 
it stops the nightly itching of pruritus. It is an ointment 
which is unaffected by age. 

Chryso phanic Acid Ointment has met with much success in 
eczema of the face. After a removal of the crusts, it is applied 
in the strength of five grains of the acid to one ounce of ozone 
ointment. 

Always used with the most gratifying results. 

Boroglyceride Ointment, made by incorporating boroglycer- 
ide in ozone ointment. It has a strong microbicidal action, 
and has now superseded all other remedies in burns, as it at 
once relieves pain, the shock is lessened, and one of its initial 
dangers avoided. It possesses merit in soothing the irritated 
periphery of sensient nerves. 

American practitioners seem to be more partial to medicated 
jellies than to ointment in cutaneous affections; their lubricant 
properties ; their ready miscibility with water ; their protective 
influence in guarding against infection; their rapid absorption 
gives them a distinct influence ; their powers of penetration are 
immense. 

The principal jellies in use are the thymol, menthol, resorcin, 
ichthyol, boroglyceride. 

In order to illustrate the power of penetration of those jellies, 
apply itchthyol in mumps, and witness the disappearance of the 
pain, the subsidence of the swelling, the abrogation of fever 
the moment it is applied ; the remedy by endosmosis enters the 
I)Ody of the gland, annihilating all microbes in its interstitial 
structure. There are no complications, no metastasis, but rapid 
absorption of effused lymph takes place. 

Applied warm over the lungs when they are riddled with the 
bacillus of tubercle, and the expectoration loaded with the 
germ, its penetrating power is most manifest in a great 
amelioration of every symptom and a disappearance of the 
bacillus from the sputum. 

Another excellent illustration of their absorbent action is 
seen in the application of resorcin jelly in cancer before any 
breach of continuity has been effected. Daily applied, it suffers 



226 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

a retrograde process, grows less and less, until pain finally" 
ceases, and if persevered with, disappears. Their germicidal 
power is best witnessed in diphtheria, painting freely the 
tonsils, uvula, fauces with menthol jelly every two hours. No 
false membrane can form ; if effused it will kill it. 

The action of thymol jelly is beyond all powers of descrip- 
tion ; applied to the mouth and throat, fetor, sordes, disappear. 
Applied over the entire abdomen fever ceases, cicatrization of 
the bowel glands is rapid. 

It is a good plan, whatever local remedies are used, no mat- 
ter what the character of the eruption may be, always admin- 
ister from two to six sulphur lozenges a day. They not only 
regulate the liver, increase peristalsis, kill all intestinal germs, 
and are of the greatest value in arresting the activity of all 
putrefactive changes in the contents of the bowels. A numer- 
ous group of dermatoses appear and disappear in direct relation 
with the decomposition of the chyme. The use of these 
lozenges have a very salutary action in preventing this, but 
invariably ameliorate the cutaneous affection. 

CYCLISTS' DISEASES.— There are a number of ills- 
new diseases — incidental to the use of new appliances, which 
have become recognized in medical practice; the victims have 
given them names, which have been adopted in scientific 
phraseology. 

The Bicycle Back is common and familiar to all — the 
doubled-up position, which assumes a relationship to miners' 
back — a stooped position for many hours at a time, producing 
a special form of spinal curvature, which is universally attract- 
ing the attention of philanthropists. 

This form of anterior curvature gives compression of vital 
organs, as the lungs, heart, liver, etc., and shortens greatly 
the mean duration of life. 

The Effects of the Bicycle. — Every man who rides a 
bicycle has either irritation, congestion, inflammation or en- 
largement of the prostate gland, due to pressure. 

The prostate is essentially a sexual gland. From its com- 
plete development at puberty it has no rest. At all times and 
occasions it is liable to lesion. Masturbation blights it. Ab- 
normal methods of coitus derange it. Gonorrhea demoralizes 
it. Cyclism is its death. 

The prostate is also acted upon by urination ; participates in 
each erection; suffers a partial death by every conceivable 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 22j 

means of irritation ; once it suffers organic change, the morbid 
condition is reflected to the spinal cord and brain at the sexual 
centre, so there are both peripheral and central changes 
stamped upon the tissues. Brain and prostate reciprocate each 
other's morbid condition; a damaged prostate is synonymous 
with brain irritability, idiosyncrasies, suicidal tendencies. 

"Whenever the prostate is damaged the act of micturition is 
deranged ; it may at first be simply increased in frequency, but 
by and by it becomes lame, hesitating, and if excessive, por- 
tions or shreds of prostatic epithelium from the inflamed pros- 
tate urethra are abundant in the urine. 

Sexual activity becomes a very great aggravation. 

Besides the difficulty in the act of micturition, there is 
usually pain in the groin, aching in the testes, sharp-shooting 
sensations in the limbs, leakages of prostatic and seminal prod- 
ucts, greater disturbance of the mental poise. 

This partial death of the prostate involves nearly the entire 
urethra; its severity depends upon the amount of exercise 
taken. It differs from all other forms of irritation, being the 
direct result of pressure, shocks, jars, concussions. It differs 
from the enlarged prostate, the effect of withdrawal during 
coitus, from the swollen prostate of the masturbator from that 
acquired from connection with harlots, or gonorrhoea; from 
that incidental to marriage excesses or dalliance. 

The effects of prostatic enlargement from the use of the 
bicycle are deeper seated, more extensive, give rise to more 
rapid organic change, which begins in its glandular structure 
and extends to the stroma, all due to contusion and concussion 
from the see-saw movement. 

The diagnosis is easy; a distinct increase of size of the pros- 
tate can readily be detected by the finger in the rectum ; the 
tenderness is best appreciated by the introduction of a metallic 
bougie into the prostate urethra. 

The reflex effects are variable, from mere indigestion to pro- 
found mental chaos. 

The disease is very common, as every rider is affected from 
puberty to old age. It is a national calamity, as it induces 
spermatic crystals in the spermatozoa — in other words, it ren- 
ders the semen infertile. 

Such cases admit of cure, provided the patient can be induced 
to follow well-defined rules. These embrace removal of the 
cause, rest, and a course of medication calculated to promote a 
renewal of life in the prostate, the use of iodol bougie every 



228 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

other day inserted well up into the prostate urethra, permitted 
to dissolve, and excite its peculiar absorbent action, has an 
admirable effect. Washing out the rectum, morning and night, 
with a tepid solution of boroglyceride, and permitting it to 
escape, following the morning washout with a saw palmetto 
suppository; in the evening following the same with first a 
boroglyceride suppository, and later on with an ichthyol. Such 
a course of treatment has a decided effect in exciting anesthesia 
with absorption, and in obliterating all traces of enlargement. 

While this direct local treatment is being carried on, internal 
medication should not be neglected. Protonuclein is of the 
greatest possible utility. One three-grain tablet, thrice daily, 
answers well. At the same time, matricaria before meals is one 
of the best of tonics, bracing to every tissue of the body. 

After a case has progressed along for six weeks, we have 
found the fluid extract of celery comp. of rare value in sooth- 
ing the nerves of the pelvic viscera, checks metamorphosis in 
uric acid, vitalizes and astringes the kidneys, prevents albu- 
minuria. 

The ozonized fluid extract of celery comp. is a therapeutic 
agent of real merit, and is prophylactic to all morbid changes 
in the reproductive organs. 

Cyclists' Sore Throat. — After a spin on a more or 
less dusty road, the cyclist often experiences a dry, and subse- 
quently an inflamed condition of the throat, with headache, 
languor, debility, and a sense of nausea, general indisposition, 
and other symptoms resembling the inhalation of a poison of 
some kind. In the bacteriology of the streets and roads, 
traversed by those health-seekers, we find in the dust hundreds 
of millions of bacteria, according to the nature of the locality, 
and many pathogenic oganisms. The most common are the 
microbes of pus, malignant edema, tetanus, tubercle, syphilis. 

The mischief to all riders, as well as pedestrians, might be 
prevented, provided they kept their mouths shut and breathed 
through the nostrils. 

Confine respiration to the nasal passages, keep the mouth 
firmly shut, the microbes in the air would never reach the 
pharynx or bronchial surfaces. 

After a dusty run, douche the nasal cavity with a tepid solu- 
tion of boroglyceride. If the throat is sore, paint it with the 
jelly of violets, using gargles of chloride of carbon. 

Cyclists' Heart. — In bicycling, the heart is severely taxed, 
irritated so that it contracts at the rate of 120 beats per minute. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 229 

The organ cannot stand that without overstrain, and such a 
strain gives rise to dilatation of the ventricles and chronic heart 
disease. The commonest is palpitation and temporary dilata- 
tion; but even this is sometimes very difficult to cure. That 
temporary dilatation occurs is enough to show the great strain 
put upon the heart, and it is an added danger that the sense of 
fatigue in the limbs is so slight. The rider is thus robbed of 
the warning to which he is accustomed to attend, and repeats 
or continues the strain upon the heart. As in other similar 
cases, the effect is to render that dilatation permanent which 
was at first but temporary, and to cause an increase in the 
muscle of the heart by repeated exertion. The heart produced 
is of large dimensions and of thick walls — a condition which 
may, perhaps, give little uneasiness to its owner, but which a 
medical man will view with considerable distrust and apprehen- 
sion. 

Cyclists' Luxg. — Chiefly due to compression, great, rapid 
inspiration resulting in emphysema. 

The Bicycle as a Factor ix Sexual Debility. — All 
medical authorities are agreed that the use of the bicycle 
gives rise to chronic inflammation of the prostate, and induces 
infiltration, induration, and fibrous deposits, and a general 
chaotic condition of the reproductive glands: that it gives rise 
to induration oi the testes, sarocele, varicocele, hydrocele, 
spermatocele, and numerous other abnormal conditions, all 
leading to impotency or loss of sexual power. 

The effects of this mode of locomotion are very varied, and 
depends much on the constitutional powers of the individual, 
but speaking generally, all have spermatorrhea, all have semen 
oozing away, without erection or contact with the opposite sex. 

The practice oi cycling invariably induces leakages, which 
so weaken and deteriorate the seminal fluid that it becomes 
watery and infertile. 

The daily pressure upon the ejaculatory ducts in the prostate 
gives rise to weakness, relaxation, and renders the ducts loose, 
patulous, unable to hold their contents, and the semen dribbles 
away. A species of paralysis is also promoted whereby the 
ejaculatory ducts are unable to perform their proper function. 

Another condition among this class of individuals is. they 
may appear well, may have strong and vigorous erections, but 
during the act of coitus no evacuation of semen takes place, 
owing to a spasmodic contraction sufficient to close or oppose 
the ejaculatory forces, and thus prevent the flow of semen dur- 



230 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ing the act of copulation. In old cyclists the secretion of the 
seminal fluid is either hindered or sexual intercourse may be 
difficult or painful ; or there may be spermatocele, the testicle 
distended with semen, an overaccumulation, and other portions 
of the testicles suffer through this retention, and is invariably 
followed by impotency. 

The physical and mental effects of cyclism are analogous 
to masturbation and spermatorrhea ; every symptom is iden- 
tical ; the same weak, relaxed and shattered condition in both ; 
the same leakages or oozing; the same involuntary losses in 
urine or at stool ; the same wasting and degenerative changes 
in the organs ; the same nervousness and general unbalanced 
state. 

In both the same dilated pupil, wild stare, unsteady gait, 
weak back, shaky knees ; in both the same physical and mental 
debility ; the same impaired vision, with dull headache and lost 
memory. Buoyancy of spirits is gone; mind depressed; the 
snap, the vim, the force, the vigor has departed; the great 
motor power is paralyzed — both become impotent. 

Other factors in the production of impotency, aside from 
masturbation and cyclism, are to be found in injuries and blood 
diseases. These causes of sexual debility are often overlooked, 
and are to be traced to the ptomains of disease germs, more 
especially to those of syphilis, tubercle, and gonorrhea. They 
induce neuralgia and a blight or withering of the reproductive 
glands. 

The entire sexual and urinary apparatus derive their nerve 
supply from the general reservoir, the great sympathetic, on 
which depend all vital functions. A lowered vitality gives rise 
to a sexual debility, imperfect erections and premature emis- 
sions. Masturbators and cyclists, and those who resort to 
venereal excesses, are the greatest sufferers. 

Associated, or caused by this debility, is varicocele, which 
plays a most important part in the blight. 

Cases of partial or complete impotency, due to the use of the 
bicycle, require a special treatment of their own. The practice 
must be discontinued, a general alterative and tonic course 
inculcated; baths, massage, electricity; a diet of the best, with 
a well-regulated condition of the bowels. 

Then a special treatment for at least three months or more 
should be adopted to repair the damaged prostate, and absorb 
the effused products which give rise to the enlargement. The 
experience of the best specialists in Europe and America em- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 231 

phatically declare that the best method is to produce perfect 
anesthesia of the gland by administering persistently the 
ozonized extract of black willow bark and tincture of the green 
root of gelsemium; salix nigra suppositories and bougies; 
alternate those with the ozonized extract of saw palmetto. 

Such a course, managed with tact and skill, will give the 
desired anesthetic action upon the entire reproductive glands. 
The enlarged prostate will wilt, recede or diminish in size; 
emissions, leakage, semen at stool and in urine will cease ; 
patient will begin to gain flesh and strength ; various auxiliary 
aids to absorption may be worked in, as the aristol and saw 
palmetto suppository, with daily enemata of a solution of boro- 
glyceride to one pint of which one or two drops of ichthyol 
is added. 

Nearly all this class of patients are under thirty-five years 
of age ; the fibrous deposit in the gland is not so firmly con- 
solidated in an older class of patients, hence absorption is more 
rapid — a renewal of life is more easily effected. 

Just as soon as the gland is reduced to its original size, a 
rebuilding or reconstructive plan of treatment should be 
inaugurated. In this the ozonized saw palmetto extract must 
still be persevered with; two doses per week of the thyroid 
extract should be given to aid the evolution of the organic cell. 
C. p. solution of spermin and glycerite of kephalin should now 
be commenced, and these remedies held on to until recovery is 
complete. 

Any failure in the erectile power can be rectified by the use of 
the muira puama, which is one of the best remedies in these 
cases. 

All Cyclists Wreck their Sexual Organs. — All have 
a weeping penis ; leakings, visible or invisible ; it is thin, con- 
sistino- first of a mucus, a mere moisture — later it becomes 
mucopurulent, and mixed with spermatozoa; the prostate 
suffers, a catarrhal exudation follows ; the testes are damaged ; 
either atrophy or hypertrophy takes place; their secreting 
faculty is destroyed ; he becomes sterile, impotent, a nonentity ; 
later on still, his brain, being deprived of the vitalizing action 
of the testicular secretion, becomes soft, its typical fissures of 
thought shallow; hence memory is poor, vision, hearing im- 
paired ; his expression is simple, idiotic. 

A Bicycle Malady. — When a bicyclist has a frequent, 
dull, aching, dragging or throbbing pain in the perineum, ag- 
gravated by standing, walking, jolting, and is relieved by hard 



232 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

pressure, or the recumbent position; when he has a pain in 
micturition, burning, smarting, twisting of the stream; when 
he has an oozing of a thin, glairy fluid which glues the lips of 
the urethra, with aching or soreness of both testicles ; when he 
has a pain or ache in the loins, vertigo, spells of exhaustion, 
pervading nervousness, seminal losses more or less constant, 
the wear and tear of which breaks him up — some by much 
irritability of the bladder, which may travel along the seminal 
ducts to the testes ; or it may extend to the ureters, settle in the 
prostate, and he has a disease which once exterminated a nation. 

The cause for producing such symptoms must be removed, 
a general tonic and alterative course prescribed, matricaria and 
saxif raga ; then direct treatment to the prostate by first cleans- 
ing the rectum, then introducing first a boroglyceride, and one 
hour later on an ichthyol suppository. In bad cases to be 
repeated as indicated for prompt relief. 

In such cases, when acute symptoms are present, administer 
c. p. solution of spermin for a tonic, and kephalin granules to 
restore the integrity of the damaged prostate. 

Cyclists' Ptomains. — There is danger in all athletic 
exercise by poisons produced by the forced combination of his 
tissues. Every cyclist's system is at all times, when exercising, 
poisoned by ptomains engendered by his continuous exer- 
tion. The blood of any man who runs a long distance is 
found to be full of these poisons, and every race he runs he 
adds a fresh dose of poison to his system; he renders himself 
liable to many other maladies, and if he runs his exercise into 
perspiration, it must ever be borne in mind that humafh sweat 
is toxical, especially that resulting from muscular exertion — 
nay, even fatigue causes a poisoned condition of the blood. 

Women Cyclists suffer precisely as men. To them it is 
immoral in its tendencies, injurious to their mental and physical 
welfare, destroys the graceful contour of their form. The 
unrestricted license is objectionable on moral grounds. To a 
woman, the bicycle, like roller-skating, is simply a masturbat- 
ing machine; it produces a chaotic state of her entire sexual 
system, gives rise to kidney and rectal trouble, and even de- 
formity of the bones. 

CYANOSIS, BLUE DISEASE, BACILLUS INDICAN. 
— The microbe indican appears in the blood in newly-born 
infants in malformation of the heart ; depending on imperfect 
closure of the foramen ovale; a communication between ven- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 233 

cricles; also, often due to imperfect expansion of lung air- 
cells ; blueness almost amounting to blackness ; coldness, faint- 
ness, intermitting pulse. 

It is also present in all diseases in which there is imperfect 
aeration of the blood, as pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis, 
asphyxia, carbonic acid and sewer gas poisoning. Prepara- 
tions of ammonia, as the chloride alternated with creatin; small 
doses of strophanthus ; passiflora, peroxide of hydrogen, 
adonin; spartein, digitalis, pure air, very nourishing food, sea 
bathing, avoidance of fatigue and mental excitement. 

CYSTIC DISEASE. — Cysts, or closed sacs resembling 
hydatid cysts, are often developed in the substance of organs 
or beneath the internal mucous lining or under external 
serous covering. They are found in the mouth, bladder, but 
are specially common in the uterine walls, which are often 
invaded with cysts, or small bladders, while another part is 
infiltrated with fibrous tissue, or the ordinary fibroid tumor. 
These cysts give rise to trouble and inconvenience when they 
attain any size, such as leukorrhea and hemorrhage. If within 
reach, they may be punctured. They, like the others, are unac- 
companied with pain; not infrequently give rise to uneasiness. 
The best treatment is a general alterative and tonic course. 

In order to avoid those three common forms of uterine 
disease, there should be a rigid avoidance of irritation of the 
uterus, either by tight lacing, wearing sponges or pessaries, 
masturbation, abortions, irritating caustics of doctors, 
especially nitrate of silver; even certain occupations, as the 
sewing-machine, should be guarded against, or other forms 
that aid in the production of congestion. 

DAMIANA. — The leaves and stem of the Turnera micro- 
philla, which is indigenous to Mexico. 

Therapeutical Uses. — An invaluable and most efficacious 
aphrodisiac, well worthy of use in all forms of impotency, sex- 
ual lethargy ; also of utility as a tonic in nervous diseases. 

Preparation and Dose. — Ozonized extract from 10 to 30 
drops every three hours. 

There is a compound damiana pill, which is composed of 
the solid extract and muira puama, an instantaneous sexual 
invigorator. A suppository made from the damiana leaves 
is much esteemed as a sexual excitant in profound impotency. 

As the prostatic urethra has most remarkable absorbent 



234 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

properties, the glucoside of the damiana has been made into 
a urethral bougie, and also used with great success. One of 
them inserted right up, or rather into the prostatic portion, 
and held there half an hour till it completely dissolves. 

DEAFNESS may be due to the same cause as blindness: 
anemia, congestion, poisons, reflex irritation, phrenal de- 
generation, and may often be rectified or cured by the same 
course of treatment. To the inflammatory form may be traced 
swelling of the mucous membrane, causing an obstruction of 
the outer ear and Eustachian tube, sore throat, morbid growths 
in the pharynx — inflammatory action may be so violent that it 
may cause an ulceration or rupture of the membrana tym- 
panum. In nasal catarrh, if not cured, its germs may migrate 
either downwards to the bronchi, or up the Eustachian tube. 

Under the class of poisons, the toxins of all disease germs, 
as fevers, syphilis, are the most common cause; under drugs, 
probably the administration of large doses of quinine, salicylate 
soda, affects the auditory nerve most disastrously. Long ex- 
posure to sudden undulations of waves of sound exhausts the 
auditory nerve, membrana tympanum, such as occurs in boiler- 
makers, artillery firing, and in the streets of cities. Diseases 
of the brain, or auditory nerve, usually associated with deaf- 
ness. The treatment of deafness, in all cases, must vary accord- 
ing to the cause ; if that is not visible, alteratives and tonics. 

In all aural affections it is safe, salutary practice, to fill the 
ear, head laying flat on the unaffected side, with peroxide of 
hydrogen ; retain this for five minutes ; empty and refill, subse- 
quently dropping two to five drops of ozonized mullein oil in the 
ear. This might be repeated morning and night. 

Mullein oil administered in this way will cure otalgia, otor- 
rhea and many diseases incidental to this organ. 

The practice of slapping children on the side of the head is 
highly reprehensible, very productive of ear disorders; so are 
exposures to wet or cold ; the toxins of the eruptive fevers have 
all a disorganizing action on the auditory apparatus. 

Perforation of the membrana tympanum, either by ulceration 
or mechanical violence, gives rise to an irreparable form of 
deafness, which, in some cases, is overcome by wearing an arti- 
ficial ear-drum. 

There is little doubt that the turmoil and din of all large 
cities are productive of deafness ; the general subsidence of all 
noises is one of the desiderata of the age. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 235 

In childhood there is probably no disease of the ear so com- 
mon as otorrhea, a mucopurulent discharge from the ear, often 
a sequel of fever, exposures, injuries, neglect. 

No treatment so effective as filling the affected ear morning 
and night with peroxide of hydrogen, permitting it to remain 
for a time, until it boils thoroughly; refilling, and when thor- 
oughly cleansed, drop in mullein oil. 

The germicidal treatment of ear diseases with mullein oil 
and peroxide of hydrogen completely wipes out all fungus or 
vegetable growths, like the aspergillus, which often gives rise 
to deafness. 

The loss of hearing is often caused by disease of the nose 
and throat, drinking ice water hastily, nasal catarrh. 

The nasal douche, with ozone et chlorine, permitting to flow 
easily, and, when so doing, close the nostrils, instructing the 
patient to hold his breath; the fluid penetrates the collapsed 
Eustachian tube or tubes, and hearing is restored. 

Aural vertigo is promptly relieved by the administration of a 
few drops of gelsemium. 

As it is the brain which hears, the ear being simply an 
acoustic instrument, it is better in ruminating over the subject 
to classify deafness as chiefly nervous, of which there are five 
different varieties. 

1. All that class of cases due to anemia of brain, exhausted 
vital force by sexual excesses, masturbation, shock; want of 
nutrition in brain; action of sun; railroad jars, meagre brain 
food, isolation, monotony, sameness, obliterating the cerebral 
convolutions. Best treated by removal of cause ; nourishment, 
brain food, and remedies to give richer blood. 

2. Congestion. — Plethora, determination of blood to brain. 
The deafness of fevers may be due either to this or anemia or 
toxins. Best treated with foot baths, free purgation, and stim- 
ulants to nape of neck.' 

3. Reflex. — Chiefly teething, stomach or liver, or bowels, or 
uterine irritation, or masturbation. Get rid of cause. 

4. Use of Drugs. — Quinine, chloral, opium, belladonna, to- 
bacco in large doses, carelessly, or indiscriminately adminis- 
tered, cause deafness. 

5. Organic. — Due to some organic change in nerve or brain, 
as softening, or old age; involving the condition of senile 
atrophy. Very hopeless. 

In the first four varieties an effort should be made at cure 
by an alterative and tonic course of treatment, keeping in view 



236 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

that it is the brain that hears : that the auditory nerve, ear and 
appendages are simply the medium or instrument. Ear dis- 
eases are most amenable to constitutional treatment. In the 
organic form, treatment same as for chronic inflammation of 
the brain, blisters to nape of neck, brain food, change of air, 
especially to the mountains, where the atmosphere is highly 
rarefied and ozone abundant. 

DECAY, NATIONAL. — The present age is one of degen- 
eration and decay. The great men of our country have small 
minds with meagre ideas. The Caucasian brain is shrinking. 
The principal cause of all this is seminal incontinence. In its 
restricted sense, spermatorrhea means a constant escape of sem- 
inal fluid, without erection or pleasure sensation, but the term 
is used to designate all varieties of involuntary losses, which 
occur beyond the limits of health, and is synonymous with sem- 
inal incontinence. All cases dependent upon weakness or ex- 
haustion, with increased anemia of the genito-spinal centre 
have phenomena in common, induced and perpetuated by 
hyperesthesia of the nerves which supply the prostatic portion 
of the urethra. 

Seminal incontinence is met with in three forms, each of 
which may exist separately. Nocturnal emissions, which occur 
during sleep; accompanied with erections and erotic dreams; 
diurnal, while awake, without erection; and all the time, night 
or clay. 

There are no leakages or spermatorrhea in health. They are 
pathological, likely to be followed by languor and lassitude of 
mind and body, headache, backache, enfeeblement of the func- 
tional power of the brain, mental depression and impotence. 

Whence comes the unsteadiness of character, the tremor of 
speech, the drowsing, apathetic condition, the convulsive seiz- 
ures, the psychical changes and early paresis, with exaggera- 
tion of the reflexes? 

Extreme debility and muscle waste, incidental to some cases 
of spermatorrhea, is most remarkable; both the pink and white 
marrow, the lymph canals, even the blood-corpuscles shrink, 
atrophy, and the muscular waste is immense. In those cases 
the patient is little else but skin and bone. 

The active principle or alkaloid of muscle creatin is found in 
the urine. 

Creatin crystals are remarkable for their brilliant and mica- 
cious aspect, which causes them, when viewed under the micro- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 237- 

scope, to stand out conspicuously among other crystals with 
which, in the evaporated and colored extract, they happened to 
be surrounded. This micacious aspect alone is sufficient to dis- 
tinguish them as crystals of creatin, as it is crystal of organic 
origin ; it is always brilliant and micacious. 

Creatin, the product of muscle waste, is a nutritious principle, 
as well as an excrementitious substance. 

Ozonized thyroid extract, protonuclein, comp. tincture of 
matricaria, have each a definite action in checking this remark- 
able waste; c. p. solution of spermin meets the case precisely. 
In such cases in which the patient is a living skeleton, look out 
for creatin. 

Decay, Premature. — Early decay, lost manhood, is becom- 
ing too common, and at a very early period of life. The 
reasons which may be assigned for this are masturbation, sexual 
excesses, coition with women of the town, withdrawal in the 
act of ejaculation, dalliance, gonorrhea, syphilis, sedentary 
habits, bicycle riding, etc. 

We meet with premature decay in all stages or degrees, sim- 
ply as a condition of partial death, in which the chief symptoms 
are excessive irritability, manifested by premature discharges, 
leakages, a moisture, imperfect erections, nocturnal emissions. 

If the abnormal practices are persisted in, then the highly 
organized nerves of the glans-penis become dulled, blunted, 
their exquisite sensibility are impaired, ejaculations take place 
at the mere thought of coitus, inability to procure an erection, 
delay in making water, and other symptoms of impotency. 

Every stage of premature decay has its own peculiar symp- 
toms ; all affect the brain and nerves, as well as the sexual ap- 
petite. 

It rs only within this last thirty or forty years that this par- 
tial death of the sexual organs has become extremely common, 
and at a very early period of life — from twenty-five to thirty, 
but more common from forty to fifty years of age. 

From some of these causes, and others not enumerated, there 
seems to be a blight upon the sexual organs ; the tone, the vigor, 
the sensibility, nay, the appetite itself is impaired. There is a 
partial or total loss of power, with no visible affection, but slight 
prostration during exertion or in hot weather. 

These are but incipient symptoms. They do not at first 
threaten either life or reason, but they become progressive from 
bad to worse, at the same time become more obstinate to cure. 

Middle-aged men, widowers, fast livers, are peculiarly liable 



238 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

to this form of sexual apathy, or impairment, or loss of power, 
more especially if they are troubled with varicocele. 

Perfect celibacy is not conducive to vigorous sexual power, 
for we see in widowers and men who have had sexual congress 
at proper intervals, that when they are deprived of it, they often 
have a secret draining away of the vital fluid in the urine, in 
the form of a few drops, but just enough week by week to 
weaken or undermine their health and strength, and render 
them liable to softening of the brain or paralysis. 

The causes which produce premature decay also give rise to 
sexual paralysis, by which is meant a loss or decay of erectile 
power, a blunting of sensibility, a diminution in size of the 
organ; true, blows and injuries to the spine, softening of the 
brain, effect the same result. Men of all ages who have abused 
their sexual organs are its victims. Enlargement of the pros- 
tate gland at the neck of the bladder is most productive of all 
forms of premature decay. 

An early symptom, a precognition of premature decay of the 
function of the testes, is a sensory numbness of the sexual ap- 
paratus, a sensitiveness of the testicle and spermatic cord; a 
dragging and stinging pain in the testicles that conies on in 
paroxysms. It may be accompanied by a painful sensation in 
one or both groins, or a stinging pain in the urethra during and 
after the ejaculation of semen. 

Introduce a salix nigra bougie into the urethra and it will be 
found sensitive throughout, but aggravated at the prostatic 
portion. To overcome all conditions of premature decay it is 
indispensable that there should be a perfect subsidence of all 
excitement of the sexual glands. Gelsemium and passiflora 
must be administered in large doses every evening ; during the 
day extract of black willow orally, by suppository and bougie, 
so as to dry up every vestige of seminal leakage. Then, and not 
till then, a constructive treatment should be commenced which 
should embrace the exhibition of matricaria for a tonic, twice 
a week thyroid extract, c. p. solution of spermin after meals, 
with the occasional use of the ozonized glycerite of kephalin, 
avena sativa and other agents to build up, best of diet, bathing 
and avoidance of all mental and physical excitement. 

Decay, Sexual. — The great annual increase of sexual im- 
potency demands the serious attention of our profession, and an 
enlargement of their views on this subject, which is sapping our 
vitals as a nation. 

The causes are apparent, visible in an atmosphere highly 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 239 

oxygenized in diet, in the use of tobacco and alcohol, in all in- 
sanitary conditions, in our literature, in our amusements, in 
nervous strain, masturbation and sexual excesses, that these 
and many other causes, acting either directly or indirectly, pro- 
duce a central lesion in the brain or spinal cord or both. 

A broader view of the causes of the pathological condition 
present necessitates a much wider range of treatment, not only 
to afford relief but a lasting cure. 

Individuals suffering from sexual decay, whether twenty-five 
years of age or aged veterans of seventy, should place them- 
selves under the care of physicians of the highest integrity and 
scientific skill, and not become the victims of the miserable char- 
latans who invade the profession. The times call for reliable, 
honest, scientific physicians, who are thoroughly conversant 
with newer methods of treatment, by urethral bougies soluble, 
which readily melt, run over the mouths or orifices of the sem- 
inal ducts and sympathetic nerves, and thus vitalize and pre- 
vent leakage; by rectal suppositories, which rapidly dissolve 
and are quickly absorbed into the seminal vesicles, the real seat 
or source of the local trouble; plasters to the base of the brain 
over the spinal cord at the origin of the sexual nerves, from 
which vital energy can be acquired ; by the internal administra- 
tion of drugs, nerve builders. 

All. these methods can be brought to bear on a bad case, or 
one may do the work. The reason assigned for this is, the seat 
of the difficulty is not always in the urethra, neither is it always 
»in the seminal vesicles behind the bladder in front of the rec- 
tum, nor in the deadening or paralysis of the sensory nerves in 
the glans, or erectile nerves in the organ itself; neither may 
the brain and spinal cord be seriously involved at first. 

In sexual decay the entire organism is sapped, drained out, 
exhausted, nervous system bankrupt, blood full of toxins, acid ; 
appetite poor, digestion bad, vitality evaporated. This is the 
state of too many young, middle-aged and old men. 

There is now hope for such cases in our extended materia 
medica, our newer remedies ; our recent great improvements in 
pharmacology. 

Take for example the ozonized soluble, urethral bougies. 
We have the thallin, a never-failing cure for gonorrhea; the 
sulpho carbonate of zinc for gleet; the iodol for stricture; the 
salix nigra and oil of thuja bougie for leakages and seminal 
emissions; while arresting an oozing, soothe, calm irritability, 
allay excitement and all tendency to sexual excesses or self- 



240 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

abuse, while the ambrosia orientalis bougie restores strength, 
power, tone and equilibrium to the exhausted, deadened erectile 
fibres. 

Take suppositories, witness the magical effect of the ichthyol 
in reducing an enlarged prostate; the salix nigra and oil of 
thuja in putting a complete stop to seminal emissions; the mar- 
velous action of the saw palmetto in vitalizing the prostate 
gland; the marvelous action of the protonuclein suppository, 
the active principle of sexual life, being a nerve tonic, nerve 
food, a builder, vitalizer; and the ambrosia orientalis, stimu- 
lating brain, spinal cOrd and the several plexus of nerves, wip- 
ing out paralysis, wasting and atrophy. 

Others might be enumerated; but add to these and many 
others well-tried remedies for oral administration, such as keph- 
alin, avena sativa, protonuclein, thyroid extract, c. p. solution 
of spermin, ambrosia orientalis, muira puama, comp. matri- 
caria. 

The generative act on the part of the male implies the com- 
pletion of sexual congress with an ejaculation of fertile semen, 
and its deposition in the upper part of the vagina. The capacity 
for copulation depending upon a perfect erection of the penis, 
the failure of which renders a man sterile from impotence. Ster- 
ility does not include impotence, but is met with in men vig- 
orous in intercourse, but who ejaculate a fluid destitute in sper- 
matozoa. Both these conditions are radically cured by the use 
of the kephalin granules. 

Decay. Senile. — In nearly all individuals between sixt}r 
and seventy years of age, certain normal and abnormal symp- 
toms of degeneration begin to appear, among the former de- 
bility, atrophy, with induration of the brain, a general shrinkage 
of vital organs, which give rise to a variety of nervous peculi- 
arities, embracing with it the senile heart, with its slowed pulse, 
vertigo, epilepsy, high arterial tension. Degenerative changes 
are physiological, incidental to advanced age; but such symp- 
toms as apoplexy, plethora, increase of blood pressure, melan- 
cholia, vertigo, bewilderment, are abnormal, pathological, and 
have a significance of their own. 

Characteristics of the diseases of the aged : Pneumonia leads, 
19 per cent; cancer, 15 per cent; bronchitis, 11 per cent; senile 
decay, 9 per cent ; pulmonary tuberculosis, 5 per cent. 

Senile decay can, to a certain extent, be retarded, never pre- 
vented. 

Daily massage, the pumping of the vitality of the young, the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 241 

vital into the old, the feeble, the degenerative, rejuvenates, be- 
sides the peripheral stimulation fills the capillaries, promotes 
the nutrition of all vital organs, relieving the labored heart, 
stimulating the sluggish brain. The bathing incidental to well 
performed and daily massage removes the toxins of all disease 
germs from the surface. 

The digestion and assimilation of food is promoted by the 
exhibition before each meal of that prince of all tonics, comp. 
tincture of matricaria ozonized. 

After each meal three grains of protonuclein to increase blood 
formation. 

This is the modern method of becoming young, or living to 
a very advanced age. 

To this menu much can be added of real sterling merit, such 
as the occasional exhibition of the glycerite of kephalin, ozon- 
ized tincture of oats, c. p. solution of spermin, and a weekly 
dose of the thyroid extract. 

DEFECATION. — The essential physical element in the act 
of defecation is peristalsis. A clear understanding of this 
function is of vital importance in this discussion. Peristalsis 
may be defined as a peculiar rhythmic contraction of successive 
muscular fibres of the intestine. This undulating movement 
extends through the length of the canal, thirty-two feet, and is 
called the peristaltic wave. f It is less active in the large than 
in the small intestine. Its function in the upper bowel is ( 1 ) 
to assist in mixing the food from the stomach with bile and 
the digestive ferments of the pancreas and intestinal glands ; 
(2) to bring nutrient matter in contact with large absorbing 
surfaces; and (3) to impel waste materials towards the lower 
bowel. In the large intestine and rectum its function is chiefly 
that of evacuating their contents. The rectum receives its in- 
nervation through the rectum plexus of the sympathetic sys- 
tem. Its communication with the cord and spinal ganglia lies 
through the sacral plexus. Its communication with cerebral 
centres lies through the hypogastric and the solar plexus, and 
reaches the brain through the pneumogastric nerve. Thus the 
muscular structure of the intestines is connected by two routes 
with the central nervous system, from which all primal im- 
pulses emanate. 

The act of defecation is accomplished by the increased 
peristalsis of the descending colon, sigmoid flexure, and rectum 
upon their fecal contents, assisted by the fixation of the dia- 



242 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

phragm and voluntary pressure of the abdominal muscles. We 
have said the essential physical element in the evacuation of 
the bowls is peristalsis. Let us bear in mind that normally it 
is a rhythmic, physical force ; that the mechanism, nervous and 
muscular, by which the phenomena of peristalsis and defecation 
are accomplished are necessarily dominated by an intelligent, 
regulating mentality, which sends out these impulses to 
rhythmic action. 

Any agent which promotes peristalsis will favor evacuation 
of the bowels. This stimulus may be: (i) Mechanical, acting 
on the peripheral termini of the sympathetic nerves, which con- 
vey their impressions to the central intelligence, which in turn 
sends out its motor peristaltic impulses. Such a stimulus is 
normally excited by the presence of feces in the lower bowel, 
by foreign substances like seeds, bran of wheat, oats, or corn, 
by ptomains from bacterial life or protozoa, by massage and 
physical exercise. (2) Thermic, as seen in excessive peristalsis 
of diarrhea, from extremes of atmospheric temperature. Brief 
applications of hot or cold compress or enema will arouse 
peristalsis. (3) Electric. (4) Chemical, by the physiologic 
action of drugs such as kolatina. 



DEGENERATION. — Retrograde metamorphosis, a change 
in the structure of an organ, in the solids and fluids, which are 
transformed into matter essentially morbid, such as fatty, 
amylaceous, fibroid, cystic, malignant, tubercular. 

Degenerations, whatever may be their form or character, are 
disorders of the declining periods of life, and at whatever age 
they may occur, are simply manifestations of local senile decay 
or its equivalent. In no other way can the anatomical and 
clinical features of their condition be accounted for. 

These primary perversions of growth and nutrition are to 
some extent heritable. In none of the forms of degeneration 
do they grow with regularity, but by successive impulses, al- 
ternating with periods of quiescence. Regarded as incurable, 
for healthy senile changes terminate either in complete ex-tinc- 
tion of function of an organ or in death. We by some drugs 
can stave it off, but not permanently arrest the progress of age. 

Degenerative changes often influence the rate of normal 
growth; they may even appear during fetal life, in early in- 
fancy, at puberty, or at the menopause; often originate in or 
are either aggravated or suspended by pregnancy or the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 243 

puerperal state; thus very many morbid conditions are im- 
plicated in the physical rise and fall of growth and nutrition. 

Degenerative changes, overgrowths and shrinkage are iden- 
tical in nature, if not in quality, with senile decay; granular 
and fatty degeneration of the liver cells of the kidneys and 
spleen assumes precisely the same quality and intensity as we 
have in old livers and osseous formation. 

Degenerative changes are factors that are most frequently 
visible in the liver, in granular kidneys, leukocythemia, 
acromegaly, pernicious, anemia, etc., essentially aging and 
depressing in their character. Add to those anxiety, grief, 
depressing emotions, a residence in low-lying, malarious dis- 
tricts, sunless valleys, sewer engulphed cities, struggle, in- 
sufficient food and clothing, disease, syphilis, use of alcoholic 
drinks, with its offspring, gout, prolific of degeneracy; every- 
thing which debilitates and depresses. 

The use of alcohol is far reaching in the production of de- 
generacy, not a food, but a stimulant, narcotizer ; elevates, but 
at the same time degrades the mind, whittles down vital force, 
lessens perception and sensation, impairs and disturbs func- 
tion, arrests normal metamorphosis. A stimulant narcotic 
whose action maintained for a reasonable period brings about 
mixed overgrowths, and accounts for the disastrous influence 
played by this remedy alone in the induration of brain ; cirrhosis 
of the liver; granular kidney and fibrous and cystic degenera- 
tion of other organs. Again look at the action of some drugs, 
such as opium ; its initial exhibition in early life gives rise later 
to cerebral and mental degeneration, fertilizes the crime in- 
stinct, perverts, damages, paralyzes the higher psychical cen- 
tres, lessens the vigor of intelligence, weakens volitional power. 

True, we have remedies that retard, delay these effects, such 
as coca et celerina, cacodylate of sodium, preparations of iodine 
and gold, saxifraga, thyroid ext. and c. p. solution of spermin, 
cinchona, with fresh air, sunshine, bracing sea or mountain 
breezes, electricity, massage, good food, bathing, congenial 
occupation, change, lively society. 

A most remarkable feature of all degenerative changes of a 
senile character is their proneness to affect organs becoming 
extinct. 

Myxedema generally first shows itself at the menopause; 
enlargement of the thyroid (goitre) at the middle period of 
life; osteomalacia, when the bone marrow is on the wane; 
osteitis deformans, when the shafts of the bone exhibit de- 



244 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

generacy; prostatic enlargement from fifty-five to sixty-five 
years of age, when the male sexual organs are becoming ex- 
tinct; weakened tissue, devitalized organs, afford a liability, a 
focus or seat for the entrance and a habitat for disease germs, 
so with structures which have suffered from mechanical vio- 
lence often become the seat of either innocent or malignant 
tumors. 

Degenerative hyperplasias of the stomach, pylorus, breast, 
tongue, thyroid gland, liver, bone marrow, shafts of bone, are 
not affected by age more than other organs, but from per- 
verted nutrition, a growth of cells of a low order, not de- 
generative, perhaps, but embroyonic cells, or of a low type 
of sporadic origin, dwarfed and pernicious, influenced by 
all adverse conditions, malformation, error in growth, defective 
development, premature decay. 

Speaking thus generally of degeneration, we might remark, 
that there can be no general deterioration of the human race, 
for the evil cures itself in non-procreation ; there can be no es- 
tablishment of a morbid race. 



DELETERIOUS TRADES. — Strange to say, you cannot 
frighten the workmen who know how dangerous is their trade, 
and not even higher wages will tempt them from such death 
traps. Lead, in the form of bullets and shot, is a deadly, dan- 
gerous thing, but it is also death-dealing to all who use it in 
their work, as house painters, gilders, calico printers, type 
founders, potters, and braziers. 

Mercury is a foe to life. Those who make mirrors, barome- 
ters, or thermometers, who etch, or color wood or felt, will 
soon feel the effect of the nitrate of mercury in teeth, gums, 
and the tissues of the body. 

Silver kills those who handle it, and photographers, makers 
of hair dyes, and ink, and other preparations, ere long turn 
gray, while a deadly weakness subdues them, and soon they 
succumb. 

Copper enters into the composition of many articles of every- 
day life, and too soon those who work in bronzing and similar 
decorative processes lose teeth and eyesight, and finally life. 

Makers of wall paper grow pale and sick from the arsenic 
in its coloring, and match makers lose strength and vitality 
from the excess of phosphorus used in their business. 

Nitric acid is used by engravers, by etchers in copper, by 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 245 

makers of gun-cotton, and those who supply our homes with 
lovely picture frames. Its fumes are poison to the human 
lungs, and soon destroy them completely. 

Ammonia kills the soap makers; workers in guano grow 
deaf; hydrocyanic acid deals death to gilders, photographers, 
and picture finishers ; while zinc is a fatal foe to calico printers, 
makers of optical glasses, and meerschaum pipes. 

Mankind is, by nature, brave, and very few are deterred 
from action because of supposed danger. If the great builders 
and engineers of the world would stop and ask, "How many 
lives will this undertaking cost?" it is probably that we would 
be without some of the greatest triumphs of modern thought. 

Everyday life and common occupations are full of silent 
courage, and all around us are workers who die in the harness, 
and are true heroes without knowing it. 

Statistics gives the ages about which these operatives die. 

Among the operatives who die on the average before the 
age of 40 are porcelain turners, stonecutters, and female 
mirror makers. Under 45, goldsmiths, lead and quicksilver 
miners. Under 50, cabinetmakers and operatives in cotton- 
mills. Under 55, needle-polishers, file-cutters, and engravers. 
Under 60, blacksmiths, butchers, carpenters, machinists, 
turners, watchmakers, and gravediggers. Under 65, tanners, 
dyers, gasmen, catgut makers, and bone-boilers. Above 6$ 
only three trades are mentioned. Physicians, surgeons, chem- 
ists and druggists, mercers and drapers, hairdressers, barbers, 
wigmakers, hatters, miners, and some others have a high but 
not an excessively high, rate of mortality. Carvers and gilders 
suffer less than they did ; and manufacturers of wool, silk, and 
cotton no longer experience an exceptionally high mortality. 
Among the healthy classes may be named carpenters, wheel- 
wrights, ^nd workers in wood generally, shoemakers, grocers, 
publishers, and booksellers. Among the healthiest and long- 
est-lived are the agricultural classes, gamekeepers, barristers, 
and the clerical profession. 

DELIRIUM TREMENS.— The congelation of both the 
gray and white matter of the brain by the use of alcohol is 
always accompanied by disturbance of the renal functions — a 
nephritis, accompanied with albuminuria. 

Delirium tremens varies much in different countries and 
races, and with the quality of the spirits consumed, but in all 
insomnia is the leading, distressing symptom of the drunkard. 



246 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The malady, properly speaking, is an acute auto-intoxica- 
tion of the brain following the insufficient performance of the 
renal function — a failure at elimination of auto-toxic products 
as well as alcohol. 

The special forms which the disease assumes, namely, hal- 
lucinations, terrifying visions, tremors, wasting, are chiefly 
due to the part of the brain involved in the general break down, 
and the constitutional debility, embraced in cerebral anemia. 
In the interstitial atrophy, loss of cohesion in brain substance, 
it shrinks from its bone case and its specific gravity is ab- 
normal. The specific gravity of the cerebrum in a healthy man 
is 1050; cerebellum 1043, m delirium tremens falls to 1030, 
same as general paralysis. The terms softening and indura- 
tion are used in the most uncertain manner. In the use of 
alcohol, the function of the brain is impaired, interrupted ; its 
nutrition is disarranged ; its vessels, cells, tubules, are filled 
with an adipose albuminous material, which produces actual 
ramollissement, often giving rise to liquefaction, a decided 
change in limited portions before the entire brain becomes dis- 
organized. Whatever treatment be adopted in any individual 
case we say give kephalin granules, the great reconstructor of 
lost vital force. The passiflora incarnata should in all cases be 
administered to rectify molecular nutrition. 

Other forms of delirium consist in an acute disorder of the 
mind, due to irritation of the gray matter of the brain. It 
varies in degree from incoherent ideation to complete mental 
derangement. It may be quiet, garrulous and noisy, low and 
muttering, or quite maniacal. It may be due to inflammation 
of the brain, organic disease of the brain, poisonous substances 
circulating in the blood, reflex irritation (as when there is 
great pain elsewhere), or to great mental shock. The nervous 
constitution of the individual is also a factor which must be 
considered. Intemperate people are very liable to delirium 
from causes which would not produce it in an ordinary in- 
dividual. 

DENTITION. — In man and most mammals, there are two 
distinct sets of teeth ; one set which appears shortly after birth, 
and which are termed the milk or deciduous teeth; and a second 
set, which, after a few years, replaces these, and which are 
termed permanent teeth. 

In the human subject, the milk-teeth are twenty in number, 
each jaw containing (from before backwards) four incisors, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 247 

two canines, and four molars ; while the permanent teeth are 
thirty-two in number, each jaw containing four incisors, two 
canines, four bicuspids, and six molars. 

The following is the usual order and period of appearance 
of the milk-teeth : The four central incisors usually appear 
through the gums about the seventh month after birth, those 
of the lower jaw showing themselves first. The lateral in- 
cisors next appear between the seventh and tenth months; the 
anterior molars show themselves about the thirteenth month, 
and are soon followed by the canines, which usually appear be- 
tween the fourteenth and twenty-first months. The posterior 
molars are the last and most uncertain in their time of protru- 
sion, which may range from the eighteenth month to the end of 
the third year. 

About the middle or end of the seventh year, the jawbones 
have become sufficiently elongated to permit the appearance of 
the first true molar; and about the same time, the central in- 
cisors are replaced by the corresponding permanent teeth. The 
advance of the permanent teeth towards the surface of the 
gum causes the absorption of the roots of the temporary teeth, 
and thus facilitates their shedding : the crown falling off, and 
leaving room for the permanent tooth behind it to come for- 
ward and supply its place. 

In the replacement of the first by the second set of teeth, 
the following order is observed : The middle incisors are first 
shed and renewed (usually when the child is about eight years 
of age), and then the lateral incisors (perhaps a year later"). 
The anterior molars of the first set are then replaced by the 
anterior premolars (this usually happens about the eleventh 
year) ; and about a year afterwards the posterior deciduous 
molars are replaced by the second premolars. The permanent 
canines take the place of the deciduous ones in the twelfth year ; 
these being the last of the milk-teeth to be exchanged. 

The dangers of teething among children are chiefly due to 
a want of phosphates in the blood, hence there is not material 
for their nutrition — hence they grow slowly, dentition is re- 
tarded — the reflex effect is disastrous, as the whole organism 
is undergoing a revolution, most productive of bacteria in the 
mouth. 

Morbid Dentition. — Precocity, irritation of gums, due to 
want of phosphates in the food; tissue starved; cerebral dis- 
order; give rise to convulsions, spasms of glottis, cough, in- 
digestion. 



248 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Irritation from non-advancing teeth occurs because the 
normally flinty teeth, to which the soft gums can offer no prac- 
tical resistance, are suffering from lack of nutrition. While 
the gum lancet gives temporary relief, yet it transforms normal 
into cicatricial tissue. In place thereof, the writer recommends 
correcting any faulty conditions in the infant's alimentary 
tract, and placing it upon a mixture of the calcic salts, ap- 
proximating the proportions as nearly as possible to those 
found in the teeth. For example : 

R. Calcium phosphate 2 parts. 

Calcium carbonate 3 parts. 

Sodium phosphate 1 part. 

M. Triturate to an impalpable powder. Sig. : Three to four 
grains, or more, with other food, three or four times a day 
for a week then once a day, pro re nata. 

In anemic children a trace of ferric phosphate is added. 

The decay of the teeth (caries) is exceedingly common, es- 
pecially so among civilized people. The lack of power to resist 
this disease may be due to the depression of vital vigor through 
overtaxing the nervous system or through sedentary habits and 
luxurious living. In this, as in other matters, there are in- 
herited tendencies, and the children of those whose teeth decay 
early themselves suffer the same evil. 

The solution is found in the germ theory, which has already 
settled the origin of so many infectious diseases. 

Dental decay is due to the microscopic germs which are called 
bacteria, the smallest of organized beings, so small that it takes 
100,000 of them placed lengthwise to measure an inch, belong 
to the plant family. They multiply both by division and by 
the formation of spores. The spores, which correspond to 
seeds, have great vitality, and are unaffected by the temperature 
that would destroy the parent plant. The multiplication by 
division is exceedingly rapid. 

Thus the total eradication of the germs is almost out of 
the question, and in even a short time, if the pest be neglected, 
it becomes difficult to limit the harm they can do. That harm 
may be effected either by the growth of the bacteria at the ex- 
pense of the cells of the body, or more probably, perhaps, by 
developing a poison in their waste products. 

It must be remembered, however, that many kinds of 
bacteria are perfectly harmless, while it is possible that some 
aid in the vital processes of the organism. 

The mouth is infested bv several forms of innocent bacteria. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 249 

The saliva is never free from them. Therefore, in order to as- 
certain if dental caries is due to bacteria, most rigorous tests 
were necessary. The bacteria must be found in the decayed 
matter of the teeth; be isolated from every other kind; culti- 
vated outside of the body, and the pure cultivation must pro- 
duce a similar caries when introduced into healthy tooth, and 
this caries must show the same form of bacteria. 

Judging from the questions constantly asked the dentist, it 
is no exaggeration to say few people have a clear conception of 
the causes which lead to decay of the teeth. 

Chief among them is the fermentation of particles of food 
lodged between the teeth, or in their pits or depressions, during 
mastication. When, through carlessness or indifference, these 
deposits are not removed, under the influence of the warmth, 
moisture and the microbes present, fermentation, or chemical 
change, takes place and an acid is generated, and this dissolves 
the enamel and dentine, leaving a cavity to grow larger and 
deeper. 

The dentine is of a tubular structure, and in these tubules 
the microbes which constantly exist in the mouth penetrate, 
where they continue their destructive effect till the tooth is 
completely destroyed. 

Microbes are minute vegetable organisms, some of the many 
species of which are so small that they are only visible under 
the highest powers of the microscope. They are the cause of 
a large class of infectious or contagious diseases, and between 
them and the body there is a constant struggle. 

The process of fermentation is of itself but the growth and 
multiplication of these minute organisms, and in this process of 
their life-history they produce the acids and other poisonous 
materials which make them so fatal to mankind. Their num- 
ber is inconceivable. 

These are the direct causes of decay of the teeth. But there 
also exist indirect, or contributing, causes, and these may be 
anything which will lower the general tone of the system, and 
make it less able to resist the action of deleterious agents. 

Among these secondary causes producing decay may be men- 
tioned any protracted sickness, the lack of outdoor exercise, 
excessive study, anxiety, or worry, which undermine and 
weaken the system. When the body is ill, no one organ can be 
said to be perfectly sound. 

The teeth may be crowded or depressed, or there may be 
fissures which offer a ready means for lodgment of food. The 



250 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

walls of the teeth may not be dense, and their power of resist- 
ing decay may be very weak ; or the food may not contain the 
necessary elements for nourishing the teeth, and hence the 
work of repairing the wear and tear of daily use may be but 
poorly accomplished. 

Again, there may be an hereditary tendency to decay. That 
our ancestors suffered from any special ailment does not 
necessarily demonstrate that it will be reproduced in us, but it 
is probable that the same debilitating conditions will be in- 
herited. Their consequences can, however, be avoided by 
proper and unremitting care. These causes are constantly at 
Avork, producing decay of the teeth and forming minute cav- 
ities, through which the decay rapidly progresses till the living 
matter of the tooth is reached. Unless this is checked, the 
tooth will be totally wrecked ; even if it be not wholly destroyed, 
it will be so badly decayed that it will threaten the welfare of 
the entire dentition, and therefore it may become necessary to 
extract it. 

DETERIORATION OF RACES.— The human race never 
can suffer degeneracy. There is a limit which terminates in 
non-procreation. There is no establishment of a morbid race. 

The demand made upon the working capacity of man in the 
present age is excessive, enormously increased; the call is for 
rapid action, intense exertion, gigantic effort. Thirty years 
ago life was tranquil, leisure abundant, competition small. Now 
we have the inevitable struggle which adheres to the survival 
of the fittest. 

The results of this incessant brain activity create an insuf- 
ficient supply of vital energy — a functional neurosis, character- 
ized by deviations from the normal, with an inability to perform 
the usual amount of physical and mental work. A poverty of 
nerve force involves a weak brain, spinal cord and nerves, ner- 
vous exhaustion, neurasthenia, which may be either hereditary 
or acquired. 

Loss of sexual power is usally an early and constant symp- 
tom, gradual in its outset, and exists in proportion to the 
amount of depression present. For this condition there is no 
remedy so valuable as isolation, rest, massage, and comp. ma- 
tricaria, and ozonized glycerite of kephalin. The latter is the 
only known drug that will prevent a deterioration or degener- 
acy of the human race. 

Degeneracy is attacking the native American race. There 
is a failing birth-rate brought about by masturbation, corrupt 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 251 

morals, dishonesty in all spheres of life, which induces system- 
atic decay, an increase in crime. Simultaneously with this di- 
minished birth-rate, infanticide, insanity and suicide increase. 
There is no room for doubt that masturbation, sexual excesses 
give rise to racial degeneracy and non-survival. Xo nation can 
withstand the constant drain on vitality, the cessation of mental 
and moral growth, the upsetting of principles, the upsetting of 
life's activities as seen in the daily life of America. 

Kephalin meets all the indications of creating a higher type 
•of manhood. 

At the very origin of this state of degeneracy lies neuras- 
thenia, a poverty of nerve force, a condition in which the nerve 
centres are exhausted, the store of energy drained off, not only 
weak but chronically and constitutionally without force or en- 
ergy every gland is sluggish, inertia, auto-intoxication, blood 
and tissues loaded with effete matter, with poisons generated 
in the alimentary canal, in such quantities that the liver is un- 
able to destroy them, neither can the kidneys eliminate them; 
tissues are literally saturated with these toxins; nerve centres 
not only weak but stupefied with alkaloidal poisons ; the whole 
body out of gear by the presence of ptomains and toxins. 

Enervating diseases bring about neurasthenia sooner or later ; 
sooner, for the intestinal tract is simply a hot-bed of disease 
germs, whose toxins are nerve irritating, brain stupefying, 
heart exciting, tissue paralyzing, deranging every vital function 
or process. 

Such condition kephalin will cure. Neurasthenia is hourly 
on the increase, for every new discovery or mechanism in every- 
day life multiplies the production of new diseases ; every new 
discovery in the hands of the degenerates develops new patho- 
logical conditions, new forms of crime. See what the bicycle 
is doing — giving us a doubled-up, hunch-backed race ; idiotic, 
an instrument of crime, disease, degeneracy ; it is the etiological 
factor of prostatic catarrh, spermatorrhea, impotency and ster- 
ility, a loss of reproduction which kephalin can only cure. 

We state again, to be more emphatic, that there is a marked 
tendency at the present time for the birth-rate to keep pace with 
the death-rate, even a slight excess of deaths in some States. 
Is this infertility of the pure colonial stock, native American, 
to be supplanted by the dregs of reeking brothels of European 
and Asiatic pauperism and crime? Most assuredly no. The 
cause of this decay is a loss of reproduction ; fecundity is the 
factor which maintains the survival. The fertility and sterility 



252 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

of our people is one of absorbing interest, and does not receive 
the attention it deserves. The decay is apparent in a loss of 
pristine vigor, which the daily use of kephalin can overcome, 
aided by good diet, a strict avoidance of all alcoholic bever- 
ages, prolong sleep, stamp out all excesses, enforce more rest, 
cut off all expenditure of energy, mental and moral peace, es- 
sential conditions for rapid recovery. The daily bath with 
massage has tonic properties equaled by no known drugs, a 
temperature borne without discomfort. Properly manipulated, 
it has strong and powerful effects. 



DENGUE, BREAK-BONE FEVER.— Along the entire 
seaboard of the Southern States every summer and fall there 
is quite an epidemic of this fever, characterized by well-marked 
symptoms of prostration, great pain and stiffness in the bones, 
so agonizing that he cannot move a limb. Most excruciating 
in the forehead and orbits, increasing in intensity and severity, 
with some delirium and sleeplessness. 

Usually a well-defined period of incubation of about forty- 
eight hours, followed by violent rigors and a very high fever., 
which, if not interfered with, continues for four days, when 
symptoms diminish and a very variable form of eruption makes 
its appearance ; some cases a mere erythema ; in others an urti- 
caria; while in another class of cases a papular rash, with 
burning and itching all over. The eruption usually continues a 
few days. 

The microbe, which is pathognomonic of the malady, is 
found in great abundance in the scrapings or scales of the erup- 
tion ; in the coating of the tongue, saliva, blood ; the liver, spleen 
and lymphatic glands suffer congestion, but not to such an ex- 
tent as in yellow fever. 

The victims of dengue are the poor, badly clad, ill fed, half- 
starved denizens of the rice swamps. 

If nursing is procurable, then emesis by the administration of 
comp. lobelia powder; free action of the liver; an alcoholic 
vapor bath, or bathing the skin all over twice or thrice daily- 
As to curative remedies, the concentrated tincture of kurchicin 
completely annihilates the microbe; and just as this remedy- 
effects that result, symptom by symptom yields, until it disap- 
pears. 

One teaspoonful of the kurchicin every three hours. No 
other remedy can effect what this performs. If the patient is 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 255 

much prostrated it can be administered per rectum, either in the 
tincture form or as a suppository. 

In the absence of the kurchicin, the suppository of quinine 
is next best. This operates well, as it produces no cerebral dis- 
turbance whatever. 

DERMOLIA. — An emollient, healing cream for acne, ec- 
zema, and all abrasions and eruptions of the skin. Instantly 
relieves the intolerable itching and burning sensation of the 
skin in cutaneous diseases, prurigo, psoriasis, etc. An admir- 
able substitute for the old-fashioned zinc ointment, which it 
far excels, as it is beautifully smooth and of creamy consistence 
and delicately scented. In all roughness and irritation of the 
skin its healing and soothing properties are gratefully recog- 
nized. 

Dermolia is an ointment which possesses strong healing prop- 
erties, being thoroughly antiseptic, germicidal, non-poisonous, 
unirritating, and powerful promoter of a reparative process. 
It is of great efficacy in all contusions, incised and lacerated 
wounds, no matter how inflicted. 

Its application requires no safeguard. Simply apply it freely 
and at least renew twice daily. 

If the ordinary precautions be observed, such as the removal 
of foreign bodies, the arresting of hemorrhage, the approxi- 
mating of the edges, close by sutures, then this ointment ap- 
plied, wounds rarely if ever suppurate, but invariably heal by 
first intention. 

An ointment of superior efficacy in burns; splendid results 
follow its application in old indolent ulcers and in all vegetable 
parasite affections of the skin. 

DIABETES. — The increasing prevalence of glycosuria — 
its dependence upon some disturbance of the origin of the 
eighth pair of nerves in the base of the brain, giving rise to 
cerebro-spinal complications — the fact that it is very common 
among the neurotic and insane, is significant, unusually com- 
mon among the paralyzed, possibly an etiological factor, at all 
events associated with, or dependent upon, chronic brain dis- 
ease, shocks to the great sympathetic, concussions of the brain, 
involving the diabetic centre in the fourth ventricle. 

The enlargement of the liver, the smallness and softness of 
the spleen, the paleness of the heart-muscle, the atrophy of the 
pancreas, the saturation of the fluids and solids of the body with 



^54 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

saccharine elements, give rise to many complications, such as 
tuberculosis, which infiltrates the lungs; boils, opacity of the 
lens, giving rise to cataract; gangrene of the skin. 

Saccharine diabetes grows more prevalent annually, just as 
neurasthenia prevails. The loss of vigor is usually associated 
with increased appetite for food and drink ; the tongue changes 
to red and. dry with transverse fissures; skin dry and harsh, a 
partial or total absence of perspiration, with a flow of urine in- 
creased in quantity, loaded with sugar, and of a high specific 
gravity, ranging from 1035 to 1060. 

Albuminuria may be associated with glucose; polyuria is 
aggravated at night ; constipation an inevitable attendant. 

To give a favorable prognosis in any case in which the glu- 
cose is permanently present in large amount, is assuming too 
much in practically an incurable condition. 

All that can be claimed for the best scientific treatment is a 
stay of the progress. 

Daily baths, massage, and relieving the constipation are use- 
ful. 

The introduction of jambul in the treatment of every case of 
diabetes is most important. It has proved exceedingly bene- 
ficial in arresting the transformation of amylaceous substances 
into saccharine. It is a remedy never to be omitted. 

In addition to the very large amount of glucose in the blood, 
the fungus excretes a ptomain, an alkaloidal body; the product 
of chemical change, of bacterial life, which possesses great te- 
nacity, and materially aids in the general breakdown. It has 
been ascertained, by careful clinical observers,* that kephalin and 
avena sativa completely neutralize or antagonize this toxin. 

The active principle of these two remedies has been isolated 
and re-combined in the form of the kephalin granules, which, 
when prescribed in all cases of glycosuria, effect very wonderful 
curative results; repairs the central brain lesion; rectifies the 
errors of nutrition ; diminishes the amount of sugar secreted by 
the liver ; relieves the pain in the joints ; appeases the voracious 
appetite for food and drink. 

This remedy, the kephalin granules, is the only one that 
promises hope for the future. 

Whether paroxysmal or permanent, the presence of grape 
sugar in the urine is indicative of cerebral wreckage. 

An irritation of the brain, transmitted to the liver, causes 
grape sugar to be elaborated in great abundance; so much so, 
that the ozone-forming faculty of the lungs is incapable of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 255 

burning it up ; hence, the presence of this agent in the blood and 
tissues of the affected individual's body, in such abundance as 
to give rise to the presence of a fungus in the blood — a living 
breeding microbe, pathogenic of the disease, whose toxin is 
most inimical to brain vigor. 

There is no microbic affection so easy of recognition as this 
■ — the intense sensation of goneness ; the excessive appetite for 
either food or drink ; the chloroform odor of the breath ; obsti- 
nate constipation; arrested function of the skin; visional 
trouble, occasionally cataract; urine loaded with grape-sugar. 
Usually a very high specific gravity, ranging from 1020 de- 
grees to 1060 degrees, later stages tuberculosis. Fungus 
easily isolated from the urine, and can be cultivated in any sac- 
charine or amylaceous fluid at a temperature between eighty de- 
grees and ninety degrees. 

The very great increase of diabetes all over our country is 
leading scientific minds to investigate the causes. One impor- 
tant conclusion has been reached, namely, that wherever coal 
tar derivatives are prescribed, that is, antipyrin, phenacetin and 
somatose, there diabetes is liable to follow; that is, there will 
be prostration, chloroform breath, dry husky skin, saccharine 
urine, of a high specific, with an increased appetite for either 
food or drink. 

Diabetes (Glycosuria. The Sugar Fungus). — A dan- 
gerous and fatal malady, the leading symptoms of which are 
profound prostration, voracious appetite for food and drink, 
with the discharge of an excessive quantity of pale urine of a 
high specific gravity, loaded with glucose, general derange- 
ment of health ; pains in the loins, cramps in the legs, insomnia 
and great restlessness, symptoms become gradually worse; 
emaciation, sugar increasing, appetite failing, and a breakdown 
in the brain terminates the difficulty. 

During the last century this morbid condition was peculiar to 
adults of both sexes, but in the twentieth century it is becoming 
quite common among children. With them it is usually acute, 
early and rapidly fatal, but as age advances its acuteness passes 
off, and symptoms diminish. Incontinence of urine arising 
suddenly in a child suggests the possibility of diabetes. 

It is not a neurosis, but is due to some form of cerebral irrita- 
tion, indigenous to modern civilization, such as modern travel. 
Habitues of both steam and electrical cars are subject to jolt 
and jar, which induces a disturbance of the cerebro-spinal fluid, 
which irritation is communicated to the cord, thence to the brain 
in the fourth ventricle. 



256 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Certain it is that railroad employes are its victims, and cere- 
bral irritation is a constant factor. 

Glycosuria is a transitory condition brought about by some 
neurosis, such as some onerous and perplexing duties, lack of 
recreation, something that will produce some functional nervous 
disorder. 

The newer materia medica brings to the front some remark- 
able remedies of rare value in the treatment of this disease. 

Jambul is a remarkable medicament, when administered pre- 
vents the pytalin of the saliva from converting the amylaceous 
portion of the food into sugar. The remedy has achieved much 
success. The powdered seeds in five-grain capsules is the only 
of the food into sugar. The remedy has achieved much suc- 
cess. The powdered seeds in five-grain capsules is the only 
form that is admissible. By taking one or two after meals the 
evolution of the glucose fungus is completely cut off. The 
specific gravity of the urine becomes normal, quantity also is 
decreased, and the entire aspect of things is changed. 

The powdered drug in pearls or capsules only effects such 
important results. 

Another exceedingly valuable remedy in all cases of diabetes 
is the ozonized comp. tincture of matricaria. It is especially 
valuable when certain psychical symptoms, and such physical 
symptoms as immobility of countenance, diminished resisting 
power, heart failure, sleeplessness, cervico-occipital pain or dis- 
tress and dyspepsia are of most frequent occurrence. It is 
worthy of a trial. 

The ozonized giycerite of kephalin and tincture of avena 
sativa have effected wonderful results in this malady. In their 
administration the matricaria is best given before meals and 
the kephalin or oats immediately after — all well diluted in 
water. 

Protonuclein in diabetes is at present under observation. All 
cases so far in which it has been used apparently do well, are 
much improved, and manifest conditions of recovery. 

In health the pancreas yields a secretion which acts on all 
the principal organic constituents of the food and prevents any 
excessive production of sugar within the body, and profoundly 
modifies the metabolism of the tissues. 

If the pancreas becomes diseased, if this internal secretion be 
deficient or absent, glucose or grape sugar is to be found in all 
the secretions and excretions, in all the solids and fluids of the 
body, and an evolution of the microbe of diabetes makes its 
appearance in the bood and tissues. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 257 

The causation of either temporary or permanent glycosuria 
is of much interest, as depressed states of the brain and great 
sympathetic ; hard work, great mental anxiety, shocks ; the ac- 
tion of the sun, malaria, all react either directly or indirectly 
upon the pancreas. 

Essentially a disease of civilization; annually increasing in 
frequency among men who exercise their brain and nervous 
system inordinately. Excessive wear and tear of this life centre 
sooner or later brings about great exhaustion. 

Diabetes then originates in a want of nerve power, affecting 
the chemical centre in the brain and the pneumogastric nerve, 
branches of which supply the vital organs. 

In the recognition of this malady it is not well to depend 
upon the excessive appetite for either food or drink, neither 
upon symptoms of indigestion, nor upon frequency of urina- 
tion, nor upon abnormal sensitiveness to cold, nor wasting, nor 
cerebral depression, nor impoverished blood, but rather upon 
the persistent presence of sugar in the urine, with its imperfect 
combustion in the lungs, giving rise to the chloroform breath, 
paralytic condition, with impoverished blood laden with frag- 
ments of broken down corpuscles, which obstruct the current, 
plug up the capillaries, giving rise to boils, abscesses, car- 
buncles. 

The persistent presence of sugar in the urine is the leading- 
feature of diabetes; glycosuria, occurring in gouty subjects, 
signalized by occasional appearance, differs materially from 
that which is persistent — polyuria. In the latter excessive ap- 
petite, great weakness, inflammation of nerves, nutritive 
changes, degeneration of usual organs, diminution of vision 
are found. 

Whether it be simply glycosuria or true diabetes it is in- 
variably a good plan, tends to prolong life many years, to keep 
down the amount of sugar circulating in the blood. This can 
be effected best by the administration of from five to ten grains 
jambul seed pulverized, in a capsule, which prevents the conver- 
sion of amylaceous substances into sugar. 

Whatever the type of diabetes be, temporary or persistent, 
in every case give jambul ; only the fresh pulverized seeds, as it 
completely gets rid of the sugar in the urine. Don't let drug 
concerns saddle you with any other preparation, as they are 
completely worthless. 

Animal extracts are looming up as the only curative agents. 
Very many cases might be enumerated in which thyroid extract 



258 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

has arrested the morbid process; kephalin or cerebrin works 
admirably, both the glycerite and the granules. Our very best 
remedy, as it seems to retard the rapid metamorphosis of tissue 
and keeps the urine at a normal standard. 

Paroxysmal glycosuria is simply the first step. It eventually 
develops in diabetes. It is not supposed to be the sugar that 
causes the fatal explosion of diabetes. The toxins are held re- 
sponsible for the acetonuria. 

It is customary in this malady to restrict or forbid the use of 

all saccharine or amylaceous articles of diet, but this is not nec- 

| essary if five or ten grains of jambul in capsules be taken after 

eating. This remedy prevents a change in the starchy elements 

of the food, and prevents the sugar fungus from forming. 

The systematic administration of intestinal germicides has 
met with much success, such as siegesbeckie tablets, thymol, 
salts of uranium, resorcin, ozone water or peroxide of hy- 
drogen. 

In the present age opium is out of date. No more sheet 
anchor about it, but a means of soothing the patient to the 
grave. The up-to-date remedy is the ozonized tincture of passi- 
flora incarnata, administered in large doses every three hours. 
It has a most salutary action on any tissue of the body. It 
should be persistently administered. Nitrate of strychnine or 
comp. matricaria best tonics, either one before meals. Rhus 
aromatica has formed a valuable remedy in this disease. The 
tincture of the bark of the fresh root in from five- to thirty- 
drop doses. It is worthy of a trial. 

The administration of the glycerite of kephalin is esteemed 
by our best clinical teachers as the only curative remedy in dia- 
betes^ overcomes the extreme debility, the loss of sexual power, 
the progressive emaciation, the insomnia, repairs the cerebral 
lesion. 

In cases of diabetes where there is reason to suspect that the 
normal secretion of the pancreas is absent or in abeyance, tryp- 
sin should be made into pills and coated with keratin, so as to 
pass through the stomach unaltered. The alkaline bile or duo- 
denal secretion will dissolve the keratin and set free the fer- 
ment, and thus supplement the pancreatic secretion. 

The ordinary diabetic diet is meat, eggs, and milk, with vege- 
tables containing no starch. Almond flour and gluten are also- 
used. The patient soon tires of these ; and, moreover, the excess 
of nitrogen is almost sure to be followed by decomposition and 
auto-intoxication. If, as is generally supposed, derangement 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 259 

of the liver is the cause of diabetes, the abnormal increase of the 
work of the liver on account of the auto-intoxication would 
naturally tend to increase the diabetic symptoms. Fruits can 
be used freely. They give variety to the diet, and furnish the 
much-needed carbonaceous elements without increasing the 
sugar. They tend to diminish gastro-intestinal decomposition, 
and hence take work off from the liver, so that it is better pre- 
pared to attend to its function of storing up the sugar until it is 
needed. 

Give the patient all the water he wants ; feed him freely on 
fruits ; they increase the alkalinity of the blood, and this favors 
oxidation of the sugar. Give him nitrogenous foods in the 
form of gluten gruel or mush, gluten biscuits and nut foods. 
If he is vigorous, have him exercise ; if feeble, keep him in bed. 

In Bright's disease the albumin is being passed off from the 
body, while some of the poisons are being retained. The kid- 
neys are crippled; the indication is to diminish the loss of al- 
bumin and to flush out the kidneys and then get rid of the 
accumulated matter which prevents their free action. With a 
fruit diet there are less ptomains from intestinal absorption, 
and less extractives from the meat, and hence less work for the 
liver and kidneys. The fruit also acts as a slight diuretic, caus- 
ing the passage of more fluid, and thus acting as a flush to the 
kidneys. 

DIAGNOSIS (To Learn Disease). — A physician, when 
consulted by a patient, is naturally enough expected to be an 
attentive listener to what, to his informed mind, is a strange 
medley and most confused account of those deviations from 
health or actual sufferings by which the patient has been driven 
to seek aid. The more serious symptoms are often lightly 
touched upon, the more trivial exaggerated, and the whole jum- 
bled together without logical sequence or the slightest attempt 
at orderly arrangement. This story, trying as it is to the physi- 
cian, and all the more trying the more his own mind is duly 
trained, he ought to listen to ; for this the patient expects, and 
perhaps has a right to expect. During the tedious narration it 
may give him patience to bear in mind two considerations : first, 
that from it he must obtain the right end of the clue which is 
to guide him in the difficult task of ascertaining the nature, ex- 
tent, and seat of the disease; and, second, that by this often 
most prolix narrative, taken along with his attitude, manner, 
and expression, the patient, absorbed in his own sufferings, is 



260 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

giving his physician, if he is careful and observant, the best 
opportunity of becoming acquainted with the ego with whom 
he has to deal. 

The most critical examination of symptoms, the most careful 
inquiry into the state of internal organs, the most logical de- 
ductions from these as to the morbid changes from which they 
have originated, will often be erroneous unless the physician is 
also a student of human nature, and is able to arrive almost in- 
tuitively at some knowledge of the mental characteristics and 
peculiarities of the patient. 

But sooner or later, and more often later than sooner, the pa- 
tient will have arrived at the end of his narration, and then the 
physician must unravel for himself this tangled web ; and, tak- 
ing the different threads, he must follow them up, and by means 
of close physical examination, ascertain the condition of the 
various organs of the body, particularly those which the train 
of symptoms detailed indicates to be implicated in the morbid 
process. It is only by a methodical examination of the different 
systems of the body that a satisfactory view of the condition of 
the patient can be obtained, and the very foundation of rational 
treatment laid. 

How to Recognize Disease. — In order to do this with cer- 
tainty the patient should be examined according to a well-de- 
fined plan or order. The name, age, occupation, residence, tem- 
perament, previous history, sex, should be carefully noted, and 
then inspection, palpation, measurement, percussion, ausculta- 
tion, pulse, tongue, skin, secretions, excretions, heart, respira- 
tions, etc., carefully noted. All interrogations should be put to 
the patient in plain language such as he can readily compre- 
hend, in systematic order, so as to arrive at a precise knowledge 
as to what kind or nature of deviation from health has taken 
place; and, above all, in our examinations and manipulations 
we should never forget that we are learning the disease of a fel- 
low-creature like ourselves, who possesses the same feelings 
and sensibilities. Prudence, delicacy and kindness should, 
therefore, guide our movements. The consulting room of a 
physician should be as sacred as the confessional, never de- 
graded into an engine of terror or extortion. There should be 
the strictest honesty of purpose, conduct pure and exalted, and 
everything called by its proper name, never overstated, never 
condescending to anything ignoble, never coining names for 
trifling maladies, or aggravating the type of a disease. Patients 
should not be maltreated by endless examinations, speculations, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 261 

applications, and by drugging for years when nothing is the 
matter. 

Disease is best studied between fifteen and forty-five. Diag- 
nosis during that period is much aided by stability, perfect 
ossification, pulse, respirations, heart being steady, and all the 
functions of the body up to a healthy standard. 

Inspection. — Inspection of the general position of the pa- 
tient in repose and in motion is often very suggestive. The po- 
sition and attitude in fever and inflammation, in paralysis, hy- 
drothorax, asthma, colic, and spasmodic diseases are highly 
characteristic. The recumbent posture on back indicates de- 
bility; quick forcible changes indicate excitement of the ner- 
vous system, while fixed or restrained movements are dependent 
on paralysis or inflammation. 

Inspection of the countenance is of great importance, observ- 
ing whether sadness, peevishness, despair, fear, joy, grief, or 
other emotional condition is evinced. The yellow color of the 
skin in jaundice, its uriniferous aspect in Bright's disease, 
speak volumes ; whereas its conformation tells us much, as the 
corrugation of the brows in pain of the head. Pain in the chest 
causes the nostrils to be drawn upward : in the abdomen the 
lips to be raised and stretched over the gums and teeth. 

Inspection of the chest refers to the form and configuration 
of the entire thorax and its various parts, and a careful com- 
parison of the two sides, whether in motion or at rest. The mo- 
tions of the chest are referable to inspiration and expiration, 
which pass imperceptibly into each other. In disease these mo- 
tions are altered in various ways. First, by excess or diminu- 
tion, as in asthma and laryngeal obstruction. Second, by par- 
tial immobility as in pleurisy, or by augmented expansion as in 
pneumonia and pleurisy. Third, by increased rapidity as in 
pericarditis, or unusual slowness as in coma. 

Inspection of the abdomen is no less important than that of 
the chest. In health it is slightly convex, marked by elevations 
and depressions corresponding to the muscles of its walls, the 
umbilicus, and prominences of the viscera below. It varies 
with age and sex; smooth and flat in the young; broader in- 
feriorly in females than in males, from the greater width of the 
pelvis. In disease it may be enlarged generally and sym- 
metrically, as in dropsies; partially or irregularly in ovarian, 
hepatic, splenic, and other diseases ; it may be retracted from 
emaciation or intestinal obstruction. The respiratory move- 
ments of the abdomen bear a certain relation to those of the 



262 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

chest, and are increased or arrested with them. In pleurisy 
the respiratory movements are mostly abdominal; in periton- 
itis altogether thoracic. Disturbed relations of the respiratory 
movements of both abdomen and thorax are useful points in 
diagnosis in hydrothorax, asthma, ascites, abdominal tumors, 
etc. 

Palpation. — This is a valuable mode of examination, and 
is best practiced by simply pressing the tips of the fingers 
against the various parts. In some cases the whole hand or 
both hands are used. The most favorable position for palpa- 
tion is the horizontal or erect. The information that palpation 
gives is : First, increased or diminished sensibility. Second, 
the altered form or shape, size, density, elasticity, etc., of the 
parts under examination. Third, the different kinds of move- 
ments to which they are subjected. Pain, if inflammatory, is 
increased on pressure ; if neuralgic, it is relieved. In paralysis, 
the diminution of sensibility can only be ascertained by feeling 
the part, and the limitation of the anesthesia is best arrived at 
by pricking the surface. Alterations in size, form, density 
are often made out by palpation; a change in elasticity, hy- 
pertrophy, or atrophy is also easily discoverable. Certain mo- 
tions, as expansion, contraction, vibrations, frictions, grating, 
crepitation, are also determined by palpation. The natural 
fremitus or thrill perceptible on placing the hand on the chest 
when a person speaks is increased or diminished in disease. 
Fluctuation is a sensation caused by tapping on or percussing 
parts in such a way as to cause an agitation or wave of their 
fluid contents. 

Mensuration. — This is another valuable mode of examina- 
tion, and consists in measuring the distance between any two 
points by a graduated tape. For measuring either side of the 
chest or abdomen, a spinous process of the vertebrae should be 
selected as a fixed point, and the middle of the sternum or um- 
bilicus for the other. The exact level of the measurement 
should be carefully noted and an allowance of from one and a 
half to two and a half inches made for the right side, or for 
the left if a left-handed individual, and in case of a blacksmith 
even a little more. The pressure of the corsets in ladies en- 
larges the thoracic but diminishes the abdominal movements. 
In ascertaining the circular measurement of the chest and ab- 
domen, the moment should be selected when the patient holds 
his breath at the time of an ordinary expiration, care being 
taken that the tape is carried evenly around the body. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 263 

Mensuration is valuable in detecting emphysema when the 
ribs bulge out ; in hypertrophy of the heart ; when the lungs are 
eaten away in phthisis ; in enlargement of liver, spleen, and 
ovaries. 

Percussion. — Percussion is best performed by spreading 
the fingers of the left hand not too widely apart transversely 
across the ribs and tapping on them with the right — the bare 
hand on the naked chest or some very thin intervening body, 
the patient either sitting or in the recumbent posture. The ob- 
ject is to ascertain the resistance and size of organs. The 
sounds elicited by percussion or beating arise from the vibra- 
tions occasioned in the solid texture of the organs percussed. 
The different density and elasticity of organs modify the num- 
ber and continuance of the vibrations, and give rise to different 
sounds. For the sake of simplicity all the sound obtained by 
percussion may be embraced under three heads, and these three 
sounds are dependent on the organs containing air, or on their 
containing fluid, or on their being formed out of dense solid 
tissue. These sounds or tones may be termed the resonant, hu- 
moral, and parenchymatous; resonant over organs that contain 
air, humoral over organs that contain water, and a dull, flat 
sound over solid organs. To become thoroughly familiar with 
these three sounds takes a little time and close attention. The 
sense of resistance is an important consideration in percussion ; 
it bears a relation to the density of the object struck; thus firm 
and solid organs or textures suffer more resistance than the soft 
or elastic ones. The ribs and entire thorax of a child are very 
elastic; those of an adult, when ossification is complete, very 
unyielding. 

Before percussing a person affected with disease, the op- 
erator should have a clear and accurate knowledge of the limits 
and intensity of clearness or resonance, or of dullness of the 
entire thoracic and abdominal viscera. For example, the lungs 
from top to bottom on both sides are resonant on percussion in 
health, reserving four square inches of dullness on the left side 
below the nipple for the heart and a variation at the base of the 
right lung for an enlarged liver, and of the left for an enlarged 
spleen, of an inch or more from the verge of the ribs. Over a 
healthy lung, then, there is perfect resonance ; but suppose the 
lungs are invaded by tubercle, this disease germ like all others 
selects the weakest parts for its deposit and growth, which in 
ordinary cases is the apex of the left lung, or the apexes of 
both lungs, depositing itself at the uppermost point and grow- 



264 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ing and being deposited from above downwards. In such a 
case there would be dullness more or less, and the intercostal 
movement of the ribs would be arrested. There is one excep- 
tion to the above : if the patient was suffering from irritation of 
the liver, the branches of the eighth pair of nerves that cover 
the upper lobe of the right lung might be so weakened as to 
permit passive congestion, and dullness on percussion would be 
found. This only happens when the integrity of that nerve is 
weakened and all the blood-vessels it supplies thereby relaxed. 
There is scarcely any stage of deposit of tubercle in the apexes 
of the lung that fails to be detected by percussion; whereas 
when inflammation takes place it almost invariably begins in 
the large aerating surface of the lower lobe of the right, which 
is abundantly supplied with the 'sympathetic nerve, and it may 
proceed up the same lung or pass over to the left. Perhaps 
the only exception to the rule of dullness at the base would be 
in the closing stage of melituria or diabetes, when tubercle is 
thrown out at the base. As a general rule, then, congestive 
consolidation, the result of inflammation, begins at base. In 
some cases of tuberculosis, right in the centre of a lobe weak- 
ened by some irritation there may be an encysted mass of tu- 
bercle as large or even larger than the closed fist, and both apex 
and base clear on percussion. This mass may remain, or it may 
die and be expectorated, leaving a chasm or cavity or cavern 
in the lung, in which an undue resonance can be detected and 
mapped out. An undue resonance or a tympanitic sound may 
then be due to a cavity left vacant by expectorated tubercle, or 
it may be due to a dilatation of the air cells into pouches, or 
to infiltration of air at the abrupt angles or corners of the lung 
which is present in emphysema. A lobe or an entire lung may 
ulcerate away in consumption, giving rise to this sound on 
percussion, in which case there would naturally be a collapse 
of the ribs, whereas in emphysema there would be more of a 
bulging. 

Water may be effused into the cavity of the chest, the result 
of pleurisy, an obstruction about the heart, and can be readily 
ascertained by first percussing the chest of the patient when 
lying down, in which position the water, if there is any, in the 
cavity of the chest will gravitate to the back and the lungs will 

float, when the chest will be found clear from the top to 
bottom ; then sitting up, the dullness, if there is water, can be 

detected and its height marked. 

. The diagnosis of affections of the heart constitutes the most 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 265 

difficult in the art of medicine. Any increase or diminution 
in size can be readily appreciated and detected. Its size varies 
with the individual ; four square inches or the size of the closed 
fist is reckoned normal, but in effusions from the pericardium 
which are so common in chronic rheumatism, the area of dull- 
ness is increased to a greater or less extent. 

In hypertrophy there is often a vast increase, so much so 
that dullness is great; there is a bulging to a considerable ex- 
tent. In percussing the solid organs like the liver, great care 
is necessary to carefully map out its boundaries; the superior 
margin is generally found from one to two inches above the 
margin of the ribs, while its inferior boundaries extend to a 
considerable distance. Variations in the size of the liver are 
great in our climate, extending from simple congestion, inflam- 
mation, induration, enlargement, abscess, hydatids, tumors. 
down to wasting or atrophy, and all can often be detected by 
percussion. In aggravated jaundice, as a symptom of organic 
disease of the liver, the increase or diminution in size of the 
organ will bear a proportion to the disease. If the gall-bladder 
is distended by bile or gall-stones, it is easily detected by per- 
cussion, and the dullness under the inferior margin of the liver, 
anteriorly and somewhat laterally, may be marked out. The 
size of the spleen is four inches long and three inches wide. 
In diseased states it is either enlarged or atrophied. In per- 
cussing this organ the patient should be on the right side. The 
sounds elicited on percussion of the stomach, bowels, bladder, 
are of great value in determining the size and position of other 
organs, as liver and spleen, also in locating tumors, and effu- 
sion of fluids. In dropsy of the abdomen the swelling is 
equable. On percussing the abdomen with fingers of the 
right hand with the fingers spread of the left, their points rest- 
ing on the opposite side of the abdomen, patient standing, a 
wave, undulation or fluctuation, can be detected very easily, 
and if not satisfactory empty the bowels with oil, and put the 
patient in a recumbent posture; bowels being empty will float 
on the top of the water, as the water has gravitated to the back ; 
then the standing posture should be again tried. A correct ap- 
preciation of the state of the bladder is also obtained by per- 
cussion. In percussing the kidneys turn patient over flat on 
the abdomen, so as to get a clear appreciation of the renal 
organs. 

Auscultation. — This consists in applying the ear either 
directly or through a stethoscope to the chest, abdomen, or 



266 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

other parts of the body, to listen to sounds or murmurs. Its 
object is to ascertain and appreciate sounds and their nature, 
and its utility is limited to the pulmonary and circulatory 
organs. Before resorting to this method of diagnosis, it is 
well to refresh the memory with what exists in health. If we 
place the ear over the larynx and trachea of a healthy adult 
male, we hear two sounds or noises, one accompanying in- 
spiration, the other expiration : they are called the laryngeal 
and tracheal sounds or murmurs. Move the ear to the right or 
left of the sternum, and you will hear the same sounds, only 
diminished in intensity; these are now called the bronchial 
sounds or murmurs. Place the ear under the nipple of the 
right side and two fine murmurs will be detected, normal 
vesicular respiratory murmurs. Keep the ear at the same place 
and cause the patient to count one, two, three, and so on, and 
there will be a peculiar impetus or sound of the voice called 
pectoriloquy or bronchophony. 

With regard to these healthy sounds, it must be borne in 
mind that vocal resonance originates in the larynx and dimin- 
ishes or increases from the point or source of the sound, 
modified by the textures in transmitting it. In all morbid 
states of the lungs these natural sounds are altered and new or 
abnormal sounds are developed. The alterations of the natural 
sounds in diseased conditions may consist in their being in- 
creased, diminished, absent, or location changed ; the most com- 
mon change is in intensity, often stronger or weaker, indicat- 
ing increased or diminished action. They may be altered in 
character, the sounds becoming harsh as in pneumonia, cavern- 
ous when a cavern exists in the lung in consumption, amphoric 
pneumothorax. There may also be an alteration in position; 
that is, sounds which are natural to certain parts of the chest 
are heard distinctly at other places whereas in health they were 
never detected. For instance, in pneumonia, bronchial or 
tubular breathing may be evident when only a vesicular mur- 
mur ought to exist. 

The inspiration in health is three times as long as the expira- 
tion, but in certain diseased conditions this relation is altered 
or inverted. For all practical purposes all the abnormal 
sounds may be classed under three heads : First, rubbing or 
friction sounds. Second, moist rattles. Third, vibrating 
murmurs. 

Besides these there may be whistling, blowing, cooing, rasp- 
ing and other rales or rattles caused by different impediments, 
mechanical obstruction. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 267 

1. Rubbing or Friction Sound. — This is caused by an 
irritation, inflammation, an effusion of serum in serous mem- 
branes which elevates the membrane into little blebs or blisters 
the size of a pin-point or head of a pin. It is a condition that 
we find after death an irritation of the membranes of the brain, 
peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura. In acute pleurisy about 
four or five days from rigor it can be very distinctly heard im- 
mediately over the site or location of the stitch or catch. On 
putting the ear to the place, we hear a rubbing like two pieces 
of brown paper being rubbed against each other. In health 
the pleura of the lungs and the pleura of the ribs are smooth, 
silky, finely lubricated; but when a partial death takes place, 
this effusion occurs with other symptoms of inflammation; 
they become dry, rasping, grating, and we may hear any degree 
of friction noise. The sound may be altered in various ways ; 
the stage of inflammation modifies it greatly. Although most 
distinct in pleurisy, we also hear it very finely in all forms of 
pericarditis. 

2. Moist Rattles. — y/hen serum, or mucus, or muco-pur- 
ulent matter, or liquor sanguinis, or blood is effused into the 
bronchi, the air in the act of inspiration and expiration is forced 
down and then up through them, which causes a bubbling or 
rattling or crepitating which can be distinctly heard by the ear 
and often felt by the hand. A large number of names are ap- 
plied to this, but in all cases there must be a fluid to the moist 
rattle, so fine in some cases as to be scarcely audible (crepita- 
ing) ; so coarse as to resemble a gurgling or splashing (cavern- 
ous) ; and between these two grades medical experts enumerate 
a large nuraer of rales or rattles, as mucous, submucous, sub- 
crepitating. For all practical purposes, just adhere to the term 
moist rattles. These are present in bronchitis, pneumonia, 
phthisis. 

3. Dry, Vibrating Murmur. — The wheezing or vibrating 
murmur is chiefly brought about by an irritation of the nerves 
that supply the circular muscular fibres of the bronchi, causing 
a contraction. We have excellent examples in asthma, whoop- 
ing cough, and emphysema, and in some cardiac diseases. 
There is a true condition of spasm, obstruction, loss of tone 
and elasticity in the bronchi, whereby the vibrations into which 
they are thrown by the column of air produce tones of an ab- 
normal character. The murmur is usually dry, and the fine- 
ness or coarseness of the sound will depend on the calibre of 
the tube or tubes of cavity thrown into vibration. Murmurs 
may exist from a fine squeaking to a hoarse snoring. 



268 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The Heart in Health and Disease. — In placing the ear 
to the heart, we should pay attention to the impulse, to the 
character and rhythm of the sounds, to the place they are heard 
loudest, and the direction in which they are propagated. 

First find the spot where the apex of the heart beats or 
strikes against the walls of the chest, then listen to the sounds ; 
place the ear two and one-half inches above, a little inward, 
and listen to the sounds there; in the first position, where the 
apex strikes the chest we have the systolic sound, and two and 
one-half inches above the diastolic sound. 

There are two sounds, then, heard over the region of the 
heart. The first is dull, deep, more prolonged than the second, 
coincides with the shock of the apex of the heart against the 
thorax and immediately precedes the radial pulse; it has its 
maximum intensity over the apex of the heart below and in- 
side of the left nipple. The second sound is sharper, shorter, 
more superficial, has its maximum of intensity two and one-half 
inches above the other, and there is a gurgle in it. These 
sounds have received the names, systolic (contraction), and 
diastolic (dilatation), the former when the apex strikes the ribs 
in contracting, the other in opening to receive the blood. The 
two sounds are repeated in couples. First, there is the long- 
dull sound, coinciding with the contraction of the heart. 
Second, there is a pause. Third, the short, sharp sound. 
Fourth, a longer pause; all of which correspond to one pulsa- 
tion. 

With the systolic (contraction) sound we have the striking 
of the apex against the chest-walls, then contraction of the ven- 
tricles, then rushing of the blood through the aortic orifices, 
followed by flapping of the auriculo-ventricular valves. 

With the diastolic (dilating) sound, we have the rushing of 
the blood through the auriculo-ventricular valves and flapping 
together of the aortic valves. 

In disease, there may be a modification of the sounds heard 
in health, or there may be new and abnormal sounds devel- 
oped. The modifications of healthy sounds are variations in 
their seat, intensity, extent, character, and rhythm. 

For example, the sounds may be heard at their maximum 
intensity lower than the natural point in cases of dilated hyper- 
trophy of the left ventricle, enlargement of the auricles, or 
tumors at the base depressing the organ. They may be higher, 
owing to some abnormal swelling, or more on one side than 
another by effusions of air or fluid into the pleural cavity, or 
tumors, aneurisms, deformity. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 269. 

The intensity and extent of the sounds may be diminished in 
atrophy, in fatty heart, nervous insufficiency — when there is 
a pericardial effusion, concentric atrophy of left ventricle, or 
emphysema. The intensity and extent of the sounds are in- 
creased in cases of dilated hypertrophy, nervous palpitation, 
or when the adjacent parts of the lung are indurated by effu- 
sion in inflammation, or tubercular deposit in phthisis. The 
character of the sounds may be clearer or duller than in health, 
according as the walls of the heart are thinner or thicker. The 
sounds are muffled in cases where effusion has taken place into 
the pericardium. Sometimes they are rough when due to in- 
flammatory changes. 

The frequency of pulsations varies in different affections. In 
certain diseased conditions the beats may be intermittent, or 
there may be pauses, or they may be irregular. There may be 
a variation in sound, an insufficiency of action, in other cases it 
may be irregular. There may be a variation in sound : a want 
of harmony in the occurrence of the two sounds, one faint the 
other tumultuous. 

All the diseased sounds of the heart may be classed under 
two heads. First, friction murmurs. Second, blowing or 
vibrating murmurs. The friction-sounds are due to inflamma- 
tion. The vibrating murmurs depend on some organic change, 
generally the result of inflammation. These murmurs vary in 
character from a general blowing or puff as if from the nozzle 
of a bellows (bellows murmur) , while others are harsher, grat- 
ing, or sawing, but all caused by diseased condition of the 
valves. Sometimes the valves do not close, and as a result the 
blood regurgitates through them ; in some cases the valves are 
constricted, shriveled, indurated, roughened, calcareous. The 
diseased sounds may be single or double, and have their origin 
either in the auriculo-ventricular or arterial valves, or in both. 
These sounds often resemble musical notes ; more or less resem- 
bling the cooing of a dove, singing, whistling; all depending 
upon some excessive narrowing of the orifices, perforation of 
the valves, irregularities in their margins, or exudations or 
deposits on their surface. 

Not infrequently a soft systolic blowing is audible at the 
base of the heart, or over the carotids and deep jugular vein; 
sometimes it is continuous, resembling the humming of a top. 
These murmurs, which are so common in poor blood, are easily 
distinguished from valvular ones by being systolic, by their 
softness, and by their presence when the substance of the 



zjo The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Tieart is imperfectly nourished. On listening over the arteries 
in the vicinity of the heart, the same sounds can be detected. 

In peritonitis, the friction sound is often heard, and some- 
times a grating. Various sounds are heard in the bowels, etc. 

Auscultation, percussion, and other means of diagnosis are 
not to be depended on alone; they are simply aids, modes, or 
means of reaching an end, and should be strengthened by ob- 
servation of the pulse, tongue, skin, heat, temperament, urine, 
and other means of a definite character. 

The Pulse. — The pulse at birth averages 130 per minute. 
There is a gradual decline till puberty, when it reaches its 
permanent standard, from seventy-five to eighty. From fifty- 
five years of age upwards there is a gradual decline, so that in 
old age it ranges about sixty. In persons of a sanguine 
temperament it is about five or six faster than the bilious. In 
females it averages ten beats more than in males. The re- 
cumbent posture causes a lowering of the pulse of about eight 
or more beats per minute. The pulse being the sign of this or 
that disease, is also the sign of non-existence of special activ- 
ities, of strength and weakness, of irritation and relaxation of 
certain tissues. The more frequent the pulse, the greater the 
heat; the more rapid the respiration, the greater microbial 
evolution (ptomains), excretion, the weaker the patient. 

Frequency is the characteristic of all fevers and inflamma- 
tions. 

In acute rheumatism, frequent but remarkably full. 

In all acute inflammatory diseases, firm. 

In all abdominal inflammations, small, wiry, and frequent. 

In fevers proper, large and soft, or small and feeble, but 
frequent. 

In aortic regurgitation, hammering. 

In hemorrhage, jerking. 

In old age and in all conditions of arterial degeneration, 
hard and incompressible. 

In excitement, rapidity and shortness of stroke. 

In all acute inflammations of the brain, remarkable for its 
great frequency. 

In cerebral disease, very unequal and depressed. 

If there is pressure on the brain, slow and labored. 

In disease of the heart, irregular. 

In aortic regurgitation, although hammering, it is remark- 
ably faint and feeble. 

In syncope and cholera, imperceptible. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 271 

In all conditions of prostration, more or less faint. Scarcely 
perceptible in great exhaustion. 

A full pulse may be due to one of three factors: powerful 
ventricular contractions, loss of elasticity of the arterial wall, 
and interference with the blood flow from the arteries into the 
capillaries. 

The pulse wave propagated from the heart, outwards 
towards the periphery, may not arrive at the two wrists syn- 
chronously, due to aneurisms of the aortic arch. 

The character of the pulse varies in different ways. It will 
be sufficient for ordinary purposes to notice the following 
points : The expansion of the pulse, a pulse which reaches its 
full expansion quickly, and as rapidly collapses again, giving 
to the finger a very quick stroke, aortic incompetence. The 
opposite condition, pulsus tardis, is distinguished by the slow 
manner in which the artery fills and empties, and this sluggish- 
ness may be due to slowness in the contractions of the heart, 
to a hindrance in the capillary and venous circulation, to a loss 
of elasticity in the arterial wall itself, generally met with in 
arterial sclerosis. 

When disease affects origin of subclavian, pulse only found 
on one side. 

In all conditions of depressed vital force, frequent, unless 
there exists some mechanical impediment like emphysema. 

Pauses in the pulse, or an intermittent pulse, depend either 
upon disease of the brain or heart. 

Pauses in the pulse, still not quite intermitting, are often 
present in the users of tobacco, the nicotene affecting base of 
the brain. 

The Tongue. — The tongue is an excellent index of the state 
of the stomach and bowels; it often indicates the state of blood 
and brain. A map of the empire of diseases, its form varies 
much in shape. Swollen in inflamation or from the germs of 
variola, scarlet-fever, abuse of mercury. 

The motor innervation of the tongue is through the hypo- 
glossal nerve ; spasms of the tongue present in chorea, eclamp- 
sia, epilepsia. 

A heavy white coat, with or without elevated papillae, gastric 
derangement. 

A brown coat in centre and white at sides, derangement of 
stomach and liver. 

A very dark brown, gingerbread, or even a liquorice aspect, 
malignant bilious fever, or typhus. 



2J2, The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

A charcoal hue at root indicates blood-poisoning. 

A fur on tongue, catarrh of the stomach. 

Transverse fissures on the tongue, intestinal irritation. 

Longitudinal tracks, irritation of the kidneys. 

Sharp pointed tongue, nervous irritation. 

A large flabby tongue, glandular disease. 

A smooth, raw-beef tongue, acute inflammation of the 
stomach. 

Red tip and edges, sharp-pointed, with white coat, or fur or 
other coat in centre, chronic inflammation of the stomach. 

A large, flabby, tremulous, creamy tongue, delirium tremens. 

Tremulous, and patient thrusts or darts it out, in chorea. 

Buff coat, like new leather, very dry, sharp-pointed, or it 
may be patchy, or papillae elevated, typhoid fever. 

Peculiar buff leather appearance in enteritis. 

Thick coating, white or brown, malassimilation. Aphthae, 
or ulceration in patches, malnutrition very great, so as to 
cause degradation of healthy living matter into micro-organ- 
isms ; if very patchy the irritation may be deep. 

Strawberry tongue, perhaps surface slightly coated in 
streaks, papillae projecting greatly, is characteristic of scarla- 
tina. 

In hysteria, tongue often morbidly red, moist, with or with- 
out a coat. 

Extreme dryness, diabetes. 

The tongue is shining, glazed, or chapped in ulceration of the 
bowels. Warts on edges near root indicative of syphilis. 

Tongue thickly furred, dirty white or brownish white, with- 
out either unusual dryness, enlargement, or redness, indicates 
that the derangement involves rather the lining membrane 
than the nerves of the stomach, and that not to a serious extent 
The derangement is comparatively recent, and easily reme- 
diable. 

Tongue furred with shiny matter, with vivid red tip and 
margins, indicates also an affection of the lining membrane, 
but of a more serious and continuous character. 

Yellow tongue, qualified by one or more of the last-stated 
conditions, indicates the liver as implicated. 

Clean tongue, of bright redness, naturally moist, but with the 
papillae unnaturally prominent, indicates that the derange- 
ment affects the nerves of the stomach and is of recent date. 

Dry, red, glazed tongue represents a similar affection to the 
last, but more severe and of longer standing. Swollen, red 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 273 

tongue, with white fur, represents such a degree of nervous 
derangement of the digestive organs as to react congestively 
upon the brain, and implicate that organ. Cracked, furrowed, 
fissured, swollen tongue indicates a severe derangement of the 
nerves of the stomach. Swollen tongue, thinly coated, white, 
but bright red at the tip and margins, indicates a complication 
of both varieties of indigestion — that of the lining membrane, 
and that of the nerves of the stomach, of old standing, and of 
an obstinate character. We may look for irregular operations 
of the brain, as associated with the symptom, as well as ex- 
treme despondency, nervous irritability, and depression of 
spirits. 

Tongue indented on either side is a modification of the swol- 
len tongue, already mentioned as associated with derangement 
of the nerves of the stomach. Tremulous tongue, or tongue- 
trembling when protruded, common among habitual drunk- 
ards, distinctly indicates a complex variety of the nervous form 
of indigestion, implicating the spinal marrow. Blackish, dry, 
furred, and tremulous tongue is a severe symptom in abdom- 
inal or putrid typhus. 

Tongue drawn to one side, effusion upon base of the brain 
of the opposite side. Red like a piece of raw beef, with a dark 
hue at the root, gastro-peritonitis. 

Microbes gather upon the tongue in all germ diseases, as in 
the incrustation of typhoid, the germs are matted together. 

The Skin. — Hot and cold alternately in the entire skin or a 
part of it indicates nervous depression. 

Peculiarly thin and easily raised from the subcutaneous tis- 
sue in consumption and wasting diseases. 

A feeling of fullness and tension in the eruptive fevers, 
amounting to even a sense of hardness in erysipelas, and a 
gritty feel in smallpox. 

The nails are clubbed and hair falls off, in tubercular disease. 
Loss of hair is common in the convalescing from fevers and in 
syphilis. 

The skin is dry, harsh, in children suffering from tubercular 
disease. 

Remarkably moist, soft, doughy, in delirium tremens. 

Pallor is due to defective filling of the capillaries, due to in- 
digestion, anemia. 

Perspiration is sour in rheumatism, also in diseases attendant 
on malassimilation ; and excessive perspiration of any kind 
may be accompanied with small blisters on the skin, sudamina. 



274 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Profuse drenching or colliquative sweats indicate great de- 
bility or exhaustion, as in lung-consumption or profuse suppu- 
ration, 

A rigor or chill indicates nervous depression, and either fore- 
shadows a fever or formation of an abscess. 

Rigor, with the cutis anserina or plucked goose-skin, de- 
notes the presence of the malarial micro-organism irritating the 
microscopical nerves of the skin, causing the muscles to con- 
tract in two different directions, thus creating a puckering. 

Rigor occurring during the progress of inflammation indi- 
cates the formation of pus. 

Jaundice, or yellow discoloration, disease of the liver, ab- 
sorption of bile. 

The crackling feel of emphysema is very characteristic, as is 
also the doughy character and pitting under pressure of ana- 
sarca. 

Protuberant eyeballs, wasting disease. 

The Appetite. — Becomes excessive in diabetes. 

Craving in mesenteric disease. When intestinal worms are 
present, variable and capricious. 

In hysteria or anemia of spinal cord, morbid, craving chalk 
or other alkaline substances. 

In pregnancy, very fanciful, longing for articles of food 
usually abnormal. 

In dyspepsia, variously altered. 

Thirst. — A central origin in the brain or medulla must be 
assigned to thirst analogous to the sensation of want of breath, 
or air hunger. The sensation is peripheral, due to the excita- 
tion of nerves in mouth and throat, which pass from the centre. 

In diabetes it is remarkably increased. 

In cholera very urgent. 

In diarrhea urgent, but less so than in cholera. 

Diuresis with uncommon thirst, when there is no sugar in 
the urine, generally due to anemia of cord or hysteria ; not at- 
tended with hunger, urine of very low specific gravity. 

Generally increased in all fevers. 

The Saliva. — i. The quantity of saliva in mild febrile dis- 
eases is increased and its ferment action unchanged. 

2. In severe febrile diseases the quantity of saliva is de- 
cidedly lowered and is amylolytic action increased, the ferment 
evidently being secreted in a saturated condition. The salivary 
quantity is lessened as the amylolytic action is increased, but 
there results quite an important lowering- of the total ferment. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 275. 

3. After the crisis the quantity as well as the ferment power 
of the saliva is reduced. 

4. In acute, long-lasting febrile diseases the quantity of 
saliva is not infrequently normal, but its amylolytic action is 
subnormal. 

5. In pulmonary tuberculosis, even in severe cases, the 
quantity of the saliva is not lowered, and its ferment action is 
normal. Not until a few days before death is the quantity 
lowered, but even then the ferment action remains unchanged. 

6. In chronic nephritis the salivary quantity is diminished 
and its amylolytic action not seldom subnormal. 

7. In ascites the quantity of saliva is lessened, while the fer- 
ment action suffers but little change. 

8. In long-lasting, debilitating diseases, such as scurvy, Ad-* 
dison's disease, and diabetes, the total ferment power is often 
diminished. 

Mosler found the diastatic power of the acid saliva of dia- 
betes not decreased, but very strong. 

The results here given comprise the greater part of the work 
relating to the ferment value of the saliva in pathologic con- 
ditions. 

The observations of Jawein, that the diastatic power of the 
saliva is not infrequently diminished in long-lasting, debilitat- 
ing diseases, together with the fact that the various secretions 
of the body are altered, and that the glandular functions and 
tissues in general are changed, and the occurrence of sialorrhea 
and sialaporia in the various anemias, have led me to study the 
ferment power of the saliva in these conditions. 

Alterations of Color. — In anemia the skin is remarkable 
for its paleness ; in chlorosis, for its greenness. 

In dropsy, from albuminuria, the skin is not only pale but 
white. 

In nervous irritation, often of a marbly whiteness. 

In phlegmasia dolens, where there is inflammation of veins 
and coagulation of their contents, the skin is as white as snow. 

There is a dingy yellow hue in cancer which is easily distin- 
guished by the pearly lustre of the eyes. 

The yellowness of jaundice varies from a pale to a deep 
green yellow and saffron color. 

Redness of the skin, when local, indicates congestion ; when 
general it may be due to erythema, measles, scarlatina, heat, 
or erysipelas. Redness in gout or rheumatism is usually local. 

In diseases of the spleen and lymphatics, whiteness and pal- 



2/6 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

lor ; but when the blood is not greatly affected, it may be of a 
muddy hue. 

In cholera morbus and malignant cholera, blue ; in non-aera- 
tion of blood, in pneumonia, bronchitis, diseases of heart, cya- 
nosis, blue, especially the lips, neck, ears, nails, face, etc. 
Lividity might be applied to it instead of blueness, but this term 
is applied to incipient gangrene. 

Spots, patches of discoloration, valuable in the recognition of 
certain fevers, purpura, scurvy, lead-poisoning, syphilis, and 
cutaneous disease. 

In disease of the suprarenal capsule, bronzed. 

In a well-marked case of malarial fever blueness may be 
looked for. 

The skin is of a peculiar uriniferous color and odor in 
uremia. 

Purple spots or patches in purpura and scurvy. 

The pallor of anemia and the greenish waxy hue of chlorosis 
are never to be confounded with the pasty hue of kidney dis- 
ease. The puffy appearance about the eyelids with anemia is an 
indication of albuminuria. 

The sallow hue of malignant disease is but another form of 
anemia. 

In diseases of the heart and chronic bronchitis, the blue, livid, 
or slate color of the nose and lips is remarkable, and contrasts 
strikingly with the dusky hue of pneumonia or the hectic flush 
of phthisis. 

In measles and typhus fever, suffused eyes are exceedingly 
characteristic. 

Irregular habits of living, generally indicated by a bloated, 
blotched face. 

In erysipelas, mumps, facial paralysis, the face undergoes re- 
markable changes. 

The pallid face and lips, the anxious look, the restless eye, 
tell, even before the finger is put upon the pulse, of the loss of 
blood. The pinched nose, the sunken eyes, ashy-colored coun- 
tenance, with perhaps beads of sweat upon it, speak suffering 
or pronounced sepsis. The pale face of chlorosis; the puffy, 
waxy, countenance of Bright's disease ; the bloated, heavy look 
of myxedema are not less characteristic than the bronzed hue 
of Addison's disease, the prominence of the eyeballs of Graves' 
disease, or the yellow tint of jaundice. In nasopharyngeal 
adenoids there are a seeming prominence and puffiness of the 
cheeks and the nasal bones, which cause heavy, sunken eves. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 2*]j 

Extreme pollor or paleness may signify anemia, syncope, 
leukocythemia, dropsy, nausea, etc. The size of the face is 
often very considerably altered in disease. As a result of 
gout we have the ruddy appearance of blooming health, which, 
when associated with high tension in the arteries, is highly sug- 
gestive of chronic nephritis. Inspection is even more import- 
ant in the case of children. Pain in the head is indicated by 
contraction of the eyebrows; in the chest, by sharpness of the 
nostrils ; in the belly, by drawing of the upper lip. In abdomi- 
nal colic, screaming is intermittent. 

Sensations. — Flashes of heat and coldness are peculiar to 
nervous derangement. 

An aura epileptica consists in a sensation of some kind ; it 
may be like a gust of air on the side of neck and head, or a 
creeping up the arm or leg, or cold water running down the 
back, a feeling of insects in the skin, etc. 

A sensation of pins and needles, or a pricking sensation, is 
peculiar to paralysis. 

There is a great contrast between the external coldness of 
the body and the sensation of internal heat by which the pa- 
tient is oppressed. In diarrhea there is often chilliness. 

The heat of fever is often remarkable. 

The sensations of a hypochondriac or hysterical patient are 
often opposed to the evidence of the senses and good reason. 

A patient's complaint of want of sleep is sure to be exagger- 
ated. The attendant's statement alone should be relied on. 

The sympathetic or reflex pains are important. Pain in the 
right shoulder is indicative of disease of the liver. Pain in the 
sacrum, of inflammation of the uterus. In the knee, of inflam- 
mation of the hip-joint, of the meatus, of stone in the bladder. 
At the orifice of the urethra, with aching in the thigh and re- 
traction of testicle or irritation of the ovary, irritation of the 
kidney. In the cerebellum, of exhaustion of the lumbar por- 
tion of the spinal cord. A feeling as if scalp was rising, in- 
dicates irritation of the pneumogastric nerve. Drowsy, sleep 
sensation, or coma, may be due to bile or urea in the blood. 

Pain anterior or posterior over either chest or abdomen de- 
notes carcinoma. 

Pain in the crown of the head, chronic inflammation of the 
womb. 

Emaciation seems to affect, in phthisis, the arms and 
thorax most, face least. 

In abdominal disease, the lower limbs and face. 



278 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

In disease of pancreas there is remarkable emaciation. 

Increase of bulk often becomes remarkable in dropsy, say of 
the abdomen, of a limb, or of the head. It may rise from an 
internal or an external tumor. 

A delicate appearance, with long fringed eyelashes, points 
out the tubercular diathesis. 

The thickened alse of the nose and upper lip of tubercular 
disease are most marked in childhood. 

Posture and Gait. — Inability to stand depends on weak- 
ness, vertigo, paralysis. 

In weakness and vertigo the patient reclines, in paralysis he 
sits. 

In curvature of the spine and diseases of the hip the body is 
bent to one side. 

In excitement the gait is quick. 

In debility, slow. 

In disease of the brain and paralysis, labored, staggering, 
uneven. 

In rheumatism and disease of joints, stiff, halting. 

In chorea, constant, involuntary moving. 

In nervousness, tremor, and more especially in delirium 
tremens, regular shaking like shaking palsy. 

Tonic spasm occurs in tetanus, disease of the spinal cord, 
poisoning with strychnine. 

Catalepsy is a peculiar form of tonic spasm; cramp is its 
mildest manifestation. 

Clonic spasm occurs in epilepsy, chorea, and hysteria; sub- 
sultus is also a form of clonic spasm allied to tremor. 

In mania and delirium tremens the muscular movements are 
exalted. 

The muscular movements are generally diminished in idiocy 
and imbecility and in paralysis. A certain restlessness belong 
to hypochondriacs and more rarely to hysteria, allying them 
with delirium in the external manifestation. 

Position. — Head chiefly elevated in disease connected with 
the heart, less frequently in disease connected with the lungs. 

Head bent forward when there is pressure on the trachea. 

Patient may be unable to lie down from pain of head or gid- 
diness. 

Lying on the back is the position of debility; also position 
for paralysis when combined with inability to alter it; also in 
acute rheumatism. Same position assumed in acute gastritis, 
peritonitis, metritis, cystitis, with head and shoulders elevated 
and knees drawn up toward the abdomen. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 279 

A prone position is generally assumed in abdominal spasm or 
colic. 

A doubled-up position, with or without vomiting, is present 
in colic, the passage of gall-stone or calculi through the ureter. 

Expression. — In disease of the heart, and in urgent dysp- 
nea, acute laryngitis, the face is remarkably anxious and con- 
tracted. 

When there is much pain in a vital organ, the face is pinched 
and contracted. 

Immobility most remarkable in catalepsy, or in states of un- 
consciousness and under the influence of spasm and in tetanus. 

In nervous disease and' hysteria, the opposite state exists. 

By the swelling of erysipelas the face is materially altered. 

Facial Appearances. — A retreating chin shows lack of 
force, mentally, morally, and physically; usually of the sweet, 
yielding sort; soon discouraged; desires protection; small ex- 
ecutive force. The development of other faculties often makes 
up for this defect. 

A small, well-rounded chin, with mobile and red cushion of 
flesh upon, indicates a pleasure-loving owner. If dimpled, all 
the more so, for dimpled chins belong to coquets. People with 
dimples love to be petted and loved ; like admiration and praise. 
Generally fickle. Usually this chin is healthy, recuperative, 
and long-lived. 

Broad chins signify nobleness and large dignity, unless verti- 
cally thin, when, if with it there be thin lips of bloodless kind, 
you find cruelty. 

Square chins with little flesh denote firmness and executive 
ability. These make good haters. 

Drunkards usually have a circular line about their chins. 

Slovens have wrinkles about their chins. 

Long thin chins are poetical, unstable, and delicate in con- 
stitution. Such people are subject to bowel derangements. 
If thin through the angles of the mouth, too, they are prone to 
tuberculosis. Generally short-lived. 

Medium chins with a suggestive bifurcation in the centre, 
with small mounds of flesh on either side, characterize gene- 
rosity, impulsiveness, cheery natures. (The same sized chins, 
with a dab of flesh just under the centre of lower lip, indicate 
meanness, selfishness, brutality). 

As a matter of fact, however, no one feature can be taken 
in judging character. Often development of other faculties of 
mind or feature entirely governs. In each case take the "to- 
tality of indications" before judging. 



280 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Character of the Stools. — Digestion during the day 
in stomach. During the eight hours of sleep is carried on in 
the bowels, and the peristaltic wave is started in the act of 
masticating breakfast. The entire ingesta is emptied into the 
rectum, so one defecation in the twenty-four hours. Any de- 
viation from the rule is disease; more frequent diarrhea, less 
frequent constipation. 

Watery, mucous diarrhea. 

Undigested food in stools show that stomach, liver, pancreas, 
are at fault; if fat is passed, the latter. 

Very solid and retained longer than twenty- four hours, con- 
stipation. 

In typhoid fever, like pea-soup. 

In cholera, like rice-water. 

In acute dysentery, blood, mucus, pus. 

In chronic dysentery, mucopurulent discharge. 

When an internal abscess bursts into intestinal canal, pure 
pus. 

When black, the stools are likely to contain blood. 

In piles or hemorrhage low down in bowel, blood of a na- 
tural color. 

In deficiency of bile they are clay-colored; in excess very 
dark brown. 

When fermentation supplants digestion, frothy, yeasty. 

Enlargement of prostate causes the stools to be flattened like 
a ribbon. 

In stricture of the rectum, cut or chopped into flattened 
pieces. 

In disease of the pancreas, there is fat or oil-globules in the 
stools. 

Green, resembling chopped spinach in color, irritation of 
brain. 

In intestinal catarrh, stools mixed with mucus. 

Stools imbedded in mucus, an affection of the colon. 

The evacuation of pure mucus from the bowel without any 
admixture of feces points to catarrh of the rectum. When 
firm feces are passed, completely enveloped in mucus, we may 
conclude that the morbid process affects the lower part of the 
colon and rectum. The admixture of mucus with the feces in 
abnormal quantity is not always apparent to the naked eye. 

It often happens that when the feculent matter is examined 
microscopically there are found scattered intimately through 
it small masses of mucus, which are whitish-gray, hyaline and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 281 

transparent. This peculiar admixture of mucus indicates that 
the catarrhal affection is limited to the upper portion of the 
large intestine (and possibly, the small intestine), while the 
rectum and descending colon are free from disease. When the 
stools contain small masses of mucus tinged yellow with bile 
pigment, we may conclude that the small intestine has become 
affected. In normal feces, the reaction which is characteristic 
of bile pigment cannot be obtained; but when, from whatever 
cause, the peristaltic action of the small intestine is increased, 
this characteristic play of colors will be seen on the addition 
of nitric acid. 

Character of the Nails. — Clubbed or filbert-shaped 
nails in phthisis pulmonalis. 

In gout, reedy, brittle ; rot, black in great nerve shock, 

Suppuration of the nail bed in children, due to inherited 
syphilis in the parents. 

In leprosy, broken up, fibrous, much thickened, lifted up by 
the formation of epidermis, scales in the nail bed, no smooth 
surface to be seen on any of them. 

The onyx of the nail copper-colored, syphilis. 

A distinct transverse ridge, acute disease, like typhoid. 

Respiration. — The normal pulse divided by four gives the 
number of respirations per minute, provided there is no disease 
of the brain, lungs, or heart. Number of respirations at va- 
rious ages per minute : First year, 35 ; second year, 25 ; at 
puberty, 20; adult age, 18; old age, 15 to 16. Most frequent 
in inflammations and fevers. 

Pauses in respiration, cerebral or cardiac disease. 

Stertorous, labored, with deep sleep, in inflammation of 
brain, apoplexy, congestive fevers, as typhus. 

Imperceptible in collapse, cholera. Very embarrassed in 
cardiac and bronchial disease. 

Hurried or excited respirations are common in nervous ex- 
citement, hysteria. 

The odor of the breath is often signficant. It has a chloro- 
form odor in melituria, diabetes, and chronic alcoholism, when 
there is sugar in the blood. 

Loud respiration under all conditions in which the air-cells 
are less permeable. 

Feeble respiration may be produced by pleuritic effusion, ad- 
hesion of the lungs to the chest-walls or obstruction of air- 
passages. 

Absence of respiration in catalepsy or great weakness, The: 



282 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

respiration is often grating, caused by thickening of the air- 
cells ; grating and short in acute bronchitis and pulmonary con- 
gestion. 

It is often tubular or blowing, which indicates induration or 
pulmonary condensation. 

It is often cavernous or hollow upon the breaking up of 
cavities in the lung. 

It is sometimes buzzing, which indicates a large cavity in 
the substance of the lung. 

The rhoncus and sibilant rales are dry, sonorous, whistling, 
cooing, snoring, in inflammation of the bronchi. 

The crepitating rale resembles the friction of the hair rubbed 
between the fingers; it is to be heard when resolution begins 
in pneumonia or bronchitis at the seat of congestion. 

The subcrepitating is the ordinary moist rattle caused by air 
going down and up through a fluid — the density of the fluid 
modifying the sound. 

Temperature. — The pulse at birth ranges from 130 to 140; 
respiration from 33 to 40; and animal heat from 102 to 103 
F., from which period to puberty there is a gradual decline. 
From puberty to twenty-five the pulse reaches 70 or 80; res- 
pirations 18, and the temperature 98 F., at which they remain 
if in perfect health till between forty-five and fifty-five, when 
there is an appreciable decline. A rise is indicative of dimin- 
ished vitality and ptomain excreta from disease germs, and the 
greater the rise the more aggravated the loss of vitality ; and a 
continued depression, if persistent, is indicative of disease. 
Observations by the thermometer should be made morning 
and evening, and a due allowance made for the diminished 
electrical condition existing in the night, during which time the 
type of all diseases is much intensified, and labor, death, and 
other conditions are more likely to occur. In applying the 
thermometer the bulb should be placed under the tongue, mouth 
closer, or applied in the arm-pit, or to the groin or belly, and 
be retained in close contact with the skin and Well covered and 
allowed to remain several minutes. 

In all conditions of partial death, as in fever and inflam- 
mation, we have an elevation, whereas in collapse, emphysema, 
cholera, atrophy of the heart, etc., there is a remarkable de- 
cline. A rise to 103 to 105 is indicative of danger; above 
that almost invariably fatal. A lowering, if persistent, below 
85 , unfavorable; a very sudden fall below that occurring in 
acute attack of peritonitis, etc., may indicate gangrene, or per- 
foration of bowel in typhoid. During convalescence, a sudden 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 283 

rise in temperature, pulse, and respiration may indicate a re- 
lapse. 

We have no instrument superior to the index and adjoining 
finger for the pulse, and by the hand laid flat across the base of 
the chest the respirations can be easily counted. 

If there is no disease of the brain proper, heart or lungs, there 
will be a perfect harmony existing between heat, pulse, and 
respirations. Pulse 72, divided by four, gives respirations 18 
and heat 98 in health, with the rise or fall of each in disease. 

Odors. — The diagnosing of disease germs and their 
ptomains is of great importance. Most physicians can name 
the microbe at work the moment he enters the sick chamber. 
The microbe and its ptomain have a diagnostic odor in spite of 
frequent bathing, ventilation, cleanliness, and all sanitary pre- 
cautions; the microbe in every case assails the nostrils of the 
medical attendant. 

Measles, scarlet fever, and smallpox are easily recognized by 
the odor of their respective microbes. The patient will often 
recognize the dreadful smell of smallpox, and compare the odor 
of his skin to that which he first experienced in taking the 
disease. 

The odors of typhoid fever and pneumonia are perceptible 
near the patient and in the room. 

There is also a peculiar emanation in tuberculosis, in cancer, 
and syphilis, with odor of each microbe respectively diagnostic 
of each. 

The odor of hydrosulphate of ammonia is always present in 
open cancer, and on that smell we place great reliance. 

In spite of great cleanliness, the odor of the gonococcus is 
perceived at some distance. 

The victim of masturbation has the odor of the ailanthus or 
dog-kennel — the microbe of this degraded bioplasm affects all 
weak persons in its proximity, hence its prevalence in prison- 
retreats. 

The mousy smell of the streptococcus of erysipelas, car- 
buncle, and typhus fever is indescribable. 

There are various odors from the lying-in chamber ema- 
nating from the patient — the usual odor of the lochia, that of 
the lacteal secretion, and that which indicates the approach of 
puerperal fever, the micrococcus active. 

Many women emit a peculiar odor while menstruating, 
which resembles a mixture of blood and chloroform; others 
have peculiar odors from parts of the body. 

A peculiar fecal smell is experienced from a lunatic or hypo- 



284 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

chondriac, very nearly the same as is experienced from patients 
who suffer from habitual constipation. 

The uriniferous odor of uremia emitted by persons suffering- 
from diseased kidneys is all-important. 

The comma-bacillus of malignant cholera can often be de- 
tected very early by the odor given out by the skin, breath, and 
stool. 

The odor of the sick-room and of the body of the patient 
generally, the smell of the breath, the sputa, urine, feces, sweat, 
ulcers, are utilized for diagnosis and treatment. 

The cadaverous odor is a peculiar earthy smell emitted from 
the body, sometimes as early as two weeks before death, in 
other cases a few days. 

The smell of the streptococcus of diphtheria is pungent, and 
is never forgotten. 

The chloroform odor of the glucose fungus in the breath in 
diabetes is most significant. 

The Weight of the Body. — The average weight of the 
body at birth is about seven and one-half pounds. We meet 
with cases frequently over twelve pounds and as low as two 
pounds in living - children. But when the average male com- 
pletes the twenty-fifth year of his age, growth has reached its 
maximum, but not weight. The general weight consistent 
with good health and stature should be as follows : 

Weight Increased 
Mean Weight. 7 per cent. 

Stature. Pounds. Pounds. 

5 ft. I in 120 128 

5 " 2 " 126 135 

5 " 3 " 133 142 

5 " 4 " 139 149 

5 " 5 " 142 152 

5 " 6 " 145 155 

5 " 7 " 148 158 

5 " 8 " 155 .. 166 

5 " 9 " 162 173 

5 "10 " 169 181 

5 "11 " 174 186 

6 " 178 190 

If greater than the allowed seven per cent it affects the vital 
capacity, and respiration becomes diminished. Clothes av- 
erage about one-eighteenth of the weight of the body in 
autumn and early spring. Loss of weight is indicative of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 285 

phthisis, bronchitis, nervous dyspepsia, and other exhausting- 
diseases. 

Character of the Urine. — In hysteria, and anemia of 
the spinal cord, due to self-abuse, the urine is remarkably pale, 
limpid and abundant, with very low specific gravity — 1006 or 
1010. 

In all fevers and inflammations it is scanty, high-colored, 
and loaded with uric acid, the result of excessive waste of tis- 
sue, which deposits on standing. 

If very scanty and much acid, there is a very copious brick- 
dust deposit. 

In disordered liver it gives a red stain to the vessel. 

In jaundice, the presence of bile gives it a dark porter-color. 

If blood is mixed with urine, it has a smoky color when acid ; 
a pinkish hue when alkaline; quite crimson when much blood is 
passed. 

The greatest amount of acid in urine is to be found in acute 
rheumatism or the uric acid diathesis. Urine, when it deposits 
a white, limy or calcareous matter, denotes nervous disease or 
the alkaline diathesis; if it contains pus there must be ulcer- 
ation either in urethra, bladder, or kidneys. 

In melituria or diabetes, urine very copious, increased be- 
yond the amount of fluids taken, loaded with grape sugar, and 
usually of a very high specific gravity ranging from 1035 to 
1065, but in rare cases it is very low and still sweet. 

Healthy or unhealthy urine may have a peculiar aromatic 
smell, which may be affected by many articles of food or medi- 
cine, such as asparagus, garlic, cubebs, turpentine, copaiba. 

Urine voided in the twenty-four hours in a man of average 
height free from disease, averages about thirty ounces in the 
summer and forty in the winter. It should weigh about fif- 
teen per one thousand parts more than distilled water. 

If the kidneys are weak it may be highly albuminous, which 
can be detected by boiling, which coagulates the albumin. 

In disease of the brain it may be loaded with a white, floury 
substance, which can be precipitated by a solution of nitrate of 
silver. 

Albumin is found in the urine in conditions of weakness, ir- 
ritation, and collapse of the kidney, and also in diseases of the 
blood, as anemia, purpura, and is easily detected by boiling the 
urine in a tube, when, if albumin be present, it will become 
milky or cloudy; then add a few drops of nitric acid, which 
will clear the urine and coagulate the albumin into a mass. Its 
quantity can also be ascertained in the same manner. 



286 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Phosphates and Chlorides represent waste of brain and 
bone, and are present to a certain extent in all urine, but are 
greatly in excess in all nervous diseases, as epilepsy, chorea, 
masturbation, paralysis, white softening of the brain, and other 
states. When very excessive they appear as a white cloud in 
urine, or in a copious white flour of gritty deposit in the bot- 
tom of the vessel. 

They are easily detected and their quantity estimated by boil- 
ing an ounce of urine, and adding a solution of nitrate of silver 
in the proportion of sixty grains to the ounce of water, which 
will precipitate the entire amount of phosphates in the urine, 
when the excess must be deducted from the normal amount, 
which will indicate the condition of nerve-waste or nerve-tire or 
exhaustion present. 

Pus is only present when there is suppuration in the kidney 
from a stone, or from ulceration of the bladder, or catarrh, or a 
gonorrhea, and is easily detected by boiling the urine and add- 
ing some liquor potassse, which will coagulate the pus into a 
gelatinous mass, or by the addition of the peroxide of hydrogen 
to the urine, if pus be present effervescence will take place. 

Sugar. — If the urine does not indicate disease of the kidney, 
but rather of the liver, pancreas, or more especially of the co- 
ordinating chemical centre in the brain — in some cases -to over- 
feeding, and for domestic purposes can be easily ascertained. 
if it exists, by placing the chamber with the newly evacuated 
urine in a warm place, keeping it at 8o° R, and adding 
a teaspoonful or more of yeast, effervescence will soon take 
place, a brisk discharge of gas ensues, and a yellowish liquid is 
formed, which has the odor of beer, and by distillation yields an 
alcoholic liquid. The quantity of sugar present can be esti- 
mated, since every cubic inch of carbonic acid gas given off by 
fermentation corresponds to one grain of sugar, so that the 
quantity can be readily approximated. 

Bile in the urine is likely to be present in disease of the liver, 
and it may be necessary to distinguish it from certain color 
principles as rhubarb and santonin. Dip a white rag into 
urine that contains bile ; it is at once colored yellow. Pour a 
little urine on a sheet of writing paper to form a very thin layer 
and let one or two drops of nitric acid drop on it. If bile be 
present, green and pink colors will show themselves around 
the drop. This can be confirmed by mixing a little muriatic 
acid with the urine and then adding a few drops of nitric, and 
a change of colors, of yellowish-green, blue, violet, red occurs. 

Uric acid in excess represents rapid waste of the nitroge- 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 287 

nous elements, as in fever and inflammation, but a supply of 
nitrogenized food greater than what is required for the repair 
of the tissues, such as excessive indulgence in animal food, too 
little bodily exercise, isolation, monotony, sameness, deficient 
aeration of the blood; and also an insufficiency of gastric juice 
is easily detected by the blue litmus paper being turned red by 
the brick-dust sediment to the chamber vessel. 

Microscope. — A thorough knowledge of all the tissues of 
the body, its normal and abnormal secretions, is necessary for 
diagnosis with the microscope. An instrument of small power 
is the most useful, say from 250 to 300 diameters, one whose 
adjustment is easy, so that an object can be readily detected. 
It is of great utility to detect diseased germs in the secretions, 
especially in discharges or scrapings. For example, by scrap- 
ing the tongue in all cases of malassimilation, we can see the 
bacteria; in typhoid fever, the vibrios; in diphtheria, strepto- 
coccus; in the discharge from the nose in catarrh, the amoeba; 
in the urine, the germs of cancer, and in the sputum, those of 
tubercle. Most invaluable, and one which the unitiated in med- 
ical science can readily and at once appreciate. 

Vital Capacity of Lungs. — To test correctly it must be 
done by a spirometer, an instrument used to measure the vol- 
ume of air expired from the lungs. Quantity expired after the 
most complete inspiration is the total volume of vital capacity. 
The vital capacity increases with stature, and is considerably 
affected by weight. The capacity to breathe is affected most 
by phthisis. The following table shows the capacity in health 
and in the three stages of pulmonary consumption : 

Capacity in Health. Capacity in Consumption. 

Cubic First Second Third 

Height. Inches. Stage. Stage. Stage. 

in. 174 117 99 82 

" 182 122 102 86 

" 190 127 108 89 

" 198 133 US 93 

" 206 138 117 97 

" 214 143 122 100 

" 222 149 127 ...... 104 

" 230 154 131 108 

" 238 159 136 112 

" 246 165 140 116 

" 254 170 145 119 

" 262 176 149 126 



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288 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

To test the vital capacity, a man should stand in the erect 
posture, take as deep an inspiration as possible, at the termina- 
tion of which the tap should be turned off by the operator and 
the vital capacity can be traced off the scale. It is not for one 
moment to be supposed that the lungs are emptied of air, as 
there always remains a certain proportion called residual air. 

The vital capacity is greatly diminished in bronchitis, em- 
physema, pneumonia, as well as in consumption and in disease 
of heart and viscera of the abdomen. 

Spirometer. — An instrument for measuring the volume of 
air expired from the lungs. Females measure less than males, 
and in either sex the lung capacity decreases after fifty. The 
quantity of air expired after complete inspiration is termed the 
vital volume or capacity. This increases by stature. Obesity 
diminishes the breathing capacity; so also does any abnormal 
condition which interferes with the mobility of the thorax or 
the inflation of the lungs. Effusion into lung structure is the 
most prominent of all forms of obstruction. Every inch of con- 
solidated lung insures a decrease of forty cubic inches of air by 
measurement, and should have immediate attention. 

Electricity. — As a means of diagnosis is of rare value. 
The best mode of application is by or through wet sponges. 
The positive pole in all cases should be applied to the origin of 
the nerve, and the negative to the other end. By placing the 
positive at the nape of the neck, the centre of all nerve supply 
to the body, and the negative over the chest and abdomen, any 
weakness or tenderness can readily be detected ; or, running it 
down the spine, any loss of vitality in any special nerve can be 
recognized by a soreness, or burning, or tenderness over it, and 
the disease located in the cord and organ to which the nerve 
branches. It is particularly valuable in recognizing the diseases 
of muscles, especially any tendency to fatty degeneration. In 
placing the positive pole at the origin of a muscle and the nega- 
tive at the other end, the muscle if healthy will knot or con- 
tract in the centre. The battery must be of sufficient power. 
The points which it elucidates are the tenderness and soreness 
of weakened parts, and behavior of the muscles. Still it is 
capable of defining precisely obscure forms of paralysis. 
whether due to effusion or white softening. 

In diagnosing paralysis, it is well to test the sound side first. 
then the affected side, and compare the result. Keep the two 
poles on the muscles about four inches apart; the positive to 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 289 

the origin, and the negative to other end, then the contractility 
-can be compared. 

In hemiplegia due to effusion, the paralyzed muscles lose 
their contractility at once; in that due to white softening, by 
degrees. 

In paraplegia, the condition of the paralyzed muscles is 
similar to hemiplegia. 

In lead and mercurial paralysis, the contractility remains 
after the power of voluntary motion is gone, or till atrophy has 
set in. 

In rheumatic paralysis the contractility is usually normal. 

In progressive muscular atrophy, diminished contractility 
follows the gradual destruction of the muscles. 

The sphygmograph is an instrument designed to give the 
curve of the radical pulse by tracing. It is strapped on the 
wrist, and is moved by the stroke of the pulse. It never can 
supersede the fingers, but as a curiosity or toy is well adapted 
to deceive the ignorant. 

Spinal Diagnoses. — The method of diagnosing disease of 
the chest and abdomen by mapping out a seat of irritation or 
anemia of the spinal cord is old and empirical. It consists in 
either applying a sponge pressed out of hot water, or the elec- 
trode of a battery, or pressure with the fingers in the inter- 
vertebral spaces. If a tenderness or weakness or irritation can 
l>e detected, then it is supposed that there is lost vitality in the 
nerve or nerves that emanate from that point, and the organ in 
chest or abdomen that the nerve supplies suffers from dimin- 
ished vitality or disease. The irritation or disease in an organ 
is carried to the cord, which is a reflex centre, sets up an irrita- 
tion there, and a tenderness or weakness can be detected. In 
hysteria, masturbation, and other anemic conditions of the 
cord, such points are said to exist. The method has no merit, 
neither is it reliable, but often subserves the ignorance of the 
charlatan. 

Longevity. — By this is meant the mean number of years 
which at any given age the members of a community, taken in- 
discriminately, may expect to live. An easy rule, and one very 
generally adopted by life insurance agents, has been established 
for determining this fact, and corresponds very closely with our 
best statistics. The criterion or rule for determining this is : 
The expectation of life is equal to two-thirds of the difference 
between the age of the individual and eighty. Thus, a man is 
twenty years old, sixty is the difference between this age and 



290 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

eighty; two-thirds of sixty is forty, and this is the sum of his 
expectation. By the same rule a man of sixty will have a lease 
on life for fourteen years, and a child of five for fifty years. 

Another method of testing the longevity is by drawing a 
piece of thread from the outer corner of the eye to the centre of 
the prominence at the back portion of the head (the occipital 
protuberance), taking the opening or meatus of the ear as the 
index. If the opening is below the line, and for every degree 
below, strong vital tenacity — a degree of vital force that will 
weather grave disease; if the opening is on the line with the 
cord, vital force is very weak, little power of resistance to ward 
off morbid action ; if the opening is above the cord, the slight- 
est, most trivial disorder will cause death. The natural atrophy 
or shrinkage of the brain in old age and in whisky drinking 
is often remarkable, and exhibits the veracity of this line or 
angle. 

Temperament, Constitution or Diathesis. — Many per- 
sons show in their general appearance that they have a consti- 
tution which is liable to certain forms of disease. The recogni- 
tion of such peculiarities of appearance may be of great im- 
portance in cases in which it is difficult or impossible to obtain 
a complete history of the case. 

The following are the more important varieties: 

The Sanguine Constitution. — Body well developed, head 
large, teeth massive and good, complexion ruddy, hair thick, 
digestion and nutrition good, pulse hard, blood pressure high. 
In later years the body becomes corpulent, and the signs of old 
age come on prematurely. Such persons are liable to arthritic 
affections of all kinds, and to diseases of the heart and blood 
vessels (angina, fatty heart, aneurism, atheroma, apoplexy, 
etc.). 

The Nervous Constitution. — Figure small and wiry, face 
mobile, features small and delicate, great activity of mind and 
body, dyspeptic, and with highly strung nervous system. Indi- 
viduals of this temperament are specially liable to nervous dis- 
eases of all kinds. 

Tubercular Constitution. — The whole osseous system 
badly developed, joints enlarged, mucous membranes irritable, 
upper lip and alae nasi thick, thorax contracted, skin pale and 
delicate, and hair thin. Such persons are liable to diseases of 
bones, lymphatic glands, and to tubercle in all its forms. 

Lymphatic Constitution. Body large and clumsy, mus- 
cles flaccid, face pale and expressionless, movements slow, and 
functions both of body and mind sluggish. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 291 

Bilious Constitution. — Face oval, long upper lip and chin, 
long nose, complexion dusky, digestion sluggish, liver in par- 
ticular being inactive, nervous system not highly strung. In its 
further developments this constitution passes into melancholic, 
where the patient takes gloomy views of things in general. 
Such persons are liable to melancholic insanity. 

Gouty Constitution. — Hair early gray, little tendency to 
baldness ; nose short, rounded, and red ; cheeks ruddy, eyes 
generally dark, teeth large and covered with thick enamel, di- 
gestion bad, suffers much from dyspepsia, heart tends to de- 
generative changes, arteries atheromatous, arcus senilis ap- 
pears early and is well marked. Persons of this constitution are 
liable to all the forms of gout, to the cirrhotic form of Bright's 
disease, to neuralgia, and to apoplexy. 

Rheumatic Constitution closely resembles the sanguine, 
as already described. There is, however, in it a greater ten- 
dency to fulness of body and less general vigor. The teeth are 
liable to early decay. 

The greatest difference that can be obtained between the re- 
spective sexes within the race between the vital temperaments is 
the most favorable for a large, long-lived, energetic, civilizing 
race; the difference is essential for a healthy offspring. All 
marriages in antagonism to this law will entail on the children 
some unfortunate result. Children born from parents partly 
incompatible possess a feeble organization, which is liable to 
yield to the simplest forms of diseased action, and it is here that 
a scientific practitioner is so frequently baffled; his best re- 
sources of no utility, for in its very birth, blood, tissue, organi- 
zation, disease and death are stamped, the product of incom- 
patible marriage. 

It is unnecessary to repeat that races are antagonistic and dis- 
tinct, that marriage should never be consummated outside of 
the race, for if it is, and there be offspring, that progeny will be 
tuberculous and will enevitably die out. It is simply a deteriora- 
tion to both races concerned in the effort, and should be pro- 
hibited by the most rigid legal enactments, and not counte- 
nanced by a set of pseudo-fanatics. 

Modern clinical pathology enjoins on every one treating dis- 
ease, the necessity of a careful examination of the patient. 
Often, indeed, correct diagnosis, and consequently treatment, 
depends on the performance of this duty. Exact elucidation 
of the case is always necessary, as neglect of the presence or 
absence of a single point may be of grave importance. 



292 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

DIARRHEA. — In all fermentative changes in the aliment- 
ary canal, an innumerable host of bacteria are evolved. These, 
in the progress of growth, excrete a variety of toxins, which, 
according to their character and predominance, give rise to 
various forms of diarrhea, serous, biliary, mucous, feculent, 
nervous. 

The best treatment consists in rest, dry heat to the abdomen, 
the avoidance of all food, all fluids, which are simply a pabulum 
to these germs, simply giving teaspoonful doses of Valentine's 
meat juice every two hours, then selecting a germicide from 
the following: 

One dose of periodate aurum to begin with, in every case, 
either siegesbeckie tablets or kaki, or lactic acid, or baptisia, or 
coto, or stone crop; and passiflora incarnata in every case. If 
the diarrhea does not yield promptly to some one of those reme- 
dies, try another, and oil the entire abdomen, then apply con- 
centrated ozone. In the most aggravated cases it is doubtful 
if we have a remedy that can supplant the siegesbeckie tablets. 

Summer Diarrhea. — Both children and adults during the 
summer months suffer from a variety of gastro-intestinal dis- 
turbances. These causes are very common, namely, irritation 
of the bowels, depressing action of heart, and toxins. 

The irritation of the intestines may be due to indiscretion in 
diet, such as eating green fruit; milk with its tyrotoxicon; 
canned meats and vegetables — agents productive of bacterial 
life and ptomains. During the heated term the vital resistance 
of the gastro-intestinal tract is much lowered by various causes 
independent of the heat, although it is true that all germs in 
both stomach and bowels are more active in hot weather. ' 

The best means of prevention are to tone up the stomach, get 
rid of indigestion, for such conditions diminish strength; im- 
pair health ; encroach on the function of life ; hinder perfect so- 
lution of food; disturb the process of digestion — indigestion 
means fermentation; great care in diet. Forbid the use of 
water ; plain water for drinking purposes should be boiled ; ice 
may be placed around the container, but never in it. The great- 
est possible care should be exercised with regard to milk, which 
in all cases should be boiled, and cared for like the water. 
Cheese, ice cream, all canned or tinned food should be looked 
upon with suspicion; cooked and uncooked food of certain 
kinds, if mixed with beer, ale and wine, frequently give rise to 
an attack. 

In the treatment few drugs should be administered. Cleanse 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 293 

the alimentary canal by the administration of a few doses of the 
periodate aurum, followed by the aromatic syrup of rhubarb 
and potassa, which might be repeated. Then administer every 
three hours one or two tablets of siegesbeckie dissolved in 
water. This latter is the most available of all remedies. No 
other form of medication is required. All food except a little 
boiled water on toast should be interdicted for a day or two. 
The use of milk in case of infants must be discarded and infant 
food substituted. 

The use of salol as an intestinal antiseptic should be discour- 
aged. It is a cardiac paralyser, and has a tendency to form 
calculi, and we cannot afford to employ a remedy which pro- 
duces disastrous results to the patient, when the seigesbeckie 
tablets can be procured, which are much more efficient than 
the salol salts. 

The causative factor of the summer diarrhea of children is 
due to fermentation and the evolution of a dwarf species of the 
comma bacillus, whose toxins give rise to intestinal spasms 
and much paroxysmal pain. 

Usually teething children, whose intestinal glands are be- 
ginning to develop preparatory to the digestion of a different 
kind of food, are its first victims ; later to diet, solar heat and 
insanitary conditions. The process of glandular development 
gives rise to hyperemia, and a very slight irritation gives us 
the diarrhea. Distilled water, sweetened, rendered very slightly 
acid by the addition of lactic acid, is one of the best remedies to 
kill the germ and neutralize the toxins. 

Chronic Diarrhea. — Quite a number of cases of chronic 
diarrhea appear to have existed in all parts of the country and 
in all conditions of life. Nearly all resisted treatment con- 
tinued for six months, with five or six motions of the bowels 
per day. The motions were soft, semi-fluid, contained a notable 
amount of mucus, and very light colored, passed without pain 
or discomfort, invariably a loss of appetite, headache and bad 
taste in the mouth. 

The old treatment by bismuth, iron, tannin, opii, catechu, 
was a complete failure, aggravating all the symptoms. 

Progressive physicians, men of profound thought and intel- 
lectual culture, found the remedy in the fluid extract of Vir- 
ginia stone crop to stem the progress of this malady. One tea- 
spoonful, thrice daily, the diarrhea disappeared at once, and in 
every case the patient improved rapidly. Simple treatment, 
but efficacious. 



294 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Many of the cases were bad, emaciated, steadily losing- 
strength, with aphthae pervading- lips, gums, tongue, pharynx ; 
ozonized stone crop saved every case*. 

Some cases occurring every summer for a period of years, in 
which the entire intestinal tract seemed ulcerated for its entire 
thirty-two feet — troublesome cases; in these enemata of stone 
crop. One teaspoonful to four ounces of tepid water, followed 
by a cassia suppository, brought the motions from six per day 
to one, with great gain of flesh and strength. It is apparent 
from the testimony of many thousand physicians that stone 
crop is one of the best bowel vitalizers that we possess ; every 
time *it is prescribed diarrhea disappears rapidly ; that after it 
is used for a few weeks it never recurs again ; that it makes no 
difference how wasted, or how greatly the strength has failed, 
Virginia stone crop promotes active intestinal assimilation. 

DIATHESIS OF TUBERCLE.— Medical science and ad- 
vancing civilization have practically stamped out the plague, 
kept cholera at bay, and robbed leprosy, typhus fever and small- 
pox of their terrors ; wiped out the belief that the civilized races 
of mankind will die out as the result of the ravages of the 
tubercular bacillus. 

Tubercle, what is it? The changed, altered, degraded bio- 
plasm of our own and other bodies, brought about by condi- 
tions inimical to vitality, and when once present give rise to a 
diathesis — which may be transmitted from husband to wife or 
from wife to husband — direct transmission by contact is other- 
wise rare, being chiefly disseminated by means of dust ren- 
dered infective by the drying and pulverization of tubercular 
sputum. 

The blood of man may be a mass of germs, his nervous sys- 
tem feeble, but unless some part has suffered devitalization, and 
effusion has taken place, there may be no growth of any ex- 
tent. High vital force, normal physiological activity retards 
growth. In all cases there must be a weak point, a locality, a 
zone in which germs can grow. 

The inhalation of infected dust irritates and weakens the 
lung; at the same time, is a method by which the germ may 
enter the bodies in addition to the use of tubercular meat and 
milk. The infectiveness of rooms that have been occupied by 
the infected, and the disposal of the sputum, teach us a most 
important lesson, namely, that all individuals suffering from 
tuberculosis should be placed in an invigorating locality, stir- 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 295 

rounded by an ozone-generating atmosphere, where no disease 
germ can live, for where ozone is, tubercle cannot exist ; a diet 
rich in blood-forming elements ; an avoidance of all insanitary 
conditions ; body protected with flannel, and daily invigorated 
with bathing and massage. In lung tuberculosis there is a great 
depreciation of vital force, of nerve power; the tone of the 
blood vessels is lowered, circulation feeble, the working ca- 
pacity of the lymphatics and pink marrow are impaired ; so, in 
limiting its propagation, we must proceed on a solid basis. 

The best prospect of arresting this scourge of humanity con- 
sists in an elevation of vital force and in the use of germicides. 



DIGITALIS PURPUREA.— The leaves of the foxglove 
is a powerful arterial sedative, reduces the action of the heart, 
lowers temperature, exercises an unlocking influence upon the 
absorbent system, hence its value in cardiac disease and drop- 
sies ; small doses stimulate, medicinal doses soothe. Like other 
acro-narcotics, its prolonged use is disastrous to sexual vigor, 
destroying the reproductive or fertilizing cells in the brain and 
spinal centres. 

Preparations and Doses. — For unlocking the absorbents in 
dropsy, an infusion of two or three grains of the leaves to a 
pint of water ; a wineglassful every hour. Tincture in three to 
four-drop doses as a cardiac stimulant; in eight to ten drops 
sedative ; being a permanent tonic, doses can be decreased in a 
few weeks. 

DIPSOMANIA. — Dipsomania is the term now generally 
used to indicate an insatiable craving for alcoholic stimulants, 
though there is nothing approaching madness connected with 
it. Patients can abstain from it if they so will ; such, however, 
is the enslaving and demoralizing nature of the habit that they 
need considerable aid from others, and sometimes absolute re- 
straint, to aid them in breaking through the infatuation. To 
such restraint they usually submit cheerfully, and sometimes 
they are the very parties to suggest it. There are several es- 
tablishments in different parts of the country for the reception 
of those addicted to intemperate habits ; the task of reclamation, 
however, can be safely undertaken anywhere under kind but 
firm and constant supervision. Ozonized passiflora is the best 
medicine for allaying the craving, which is often very trouble- 
some. Gelsemium, china, nux vomica, cocculus, coca et cele- 



296 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

rina, nux moschata, ignatia, aletris farinosa, and cacodylate of 
sodium are also adapted to the treatment. 

For beverage, toast and water, milk, lemonade, fruit-flavored 
syrup, and water. Change of scene, constant occupation and 
amusement, together with, for some time, untiring supervision. 

DIPHTHERIA.— It is a natural law that when the soil is 
impoverished, or exhausted, the rot or blight makes its ap- 
pearance, which, when the soil is properly fertilized, disappears. 
So, in animated nature, when the vital forces are exhausted, 
impaired, weakened by improper or imperfect nutrition, the 
•elementary molecules of the blood become blighted, altered, 
degraded into other living matter, a disease germ. This takes 
place in animals as well as man, and the outcome of degrada- 
tion in both is identical. 

This human blight or rot may take place at any time, in any 
season, but great cold and great heat hinders the evolution of 
the germ, whereas damp, chilly weather gives it an impetus, 
an increase and activity ; social changes in the population, large 
crowded schools, tenements not only favor the evolution, but 
afford opportunity for communication of the germ. 

This changed, altered, degraded, living matter of our own 
and other animals assumes the dignity of a pathogenic microbe, 
which is found chiefly upon mucous membrane, either singly 
or in groups, forming a kind of interlacing reticulum, often of 
considerable size. This organism is demonstrable in every 
case of diphtheria, upon the mucous membrane, especially of 
the throat, fauces, tonsils, uvula. 

We have been in the habit of treating all cases of diphtheria 
very successfully by improving the sanitary conditions of the 
surroundings, abundance of fresh air, and improved nutrition. 

Spraying, or gargling, or swabbing the throat every hour 
with a mixture of equal parts of peroxide of hydrogen and 
ozonized distillate of jequirity and administering the ozonized 
glycerite of sulphur, in oft-repeated doses, until it operates 
upon the bowels, at the same time administering a tonic : 
Elixir cinchona, four ounces; thyroid extract, half an ounce. 
Mix. Half a teaspoonful every three hours. The use of thy- 
roid in this is to prevent race decay. It acts admirably. Now 
this treatment is simple, effective, and according to the dictates 
of common sense. Improved nutrition is the great prophy- 
lactic. 

Diphtheria is a microbe disease, exhibiting itself in the for- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 297 

mation of a false membrane, with great constitutional depres- 
sion, due to the excretion of the toxins in the vascular lym- 
phatics, followed often by paralysis. 

Like all microbe diseases, it is both contagious and infectious, 
but it can only take root when the soil is favorable for its devel- 
opment. A favorable condition of soil may consist in the mode 
of life, insanitary surroundings, vital depression of the patient ; 
they have an influencing of the degree of susceptibility. 

The most intelligent conception of the serum treatment of 
diphtheria is that it is a humbug, a big fallacy of modern medi- 
cine, and does not in any way advance bacteriological investiga- 
tions. 

The germ, the factor of each disease, is the essential and 
active agent in the production of a ptomain or toxin, a chemi- 
cal product of bacterial life, which gives rise to the symptoms. 

The use of serum in the treatment of diphtheria is based en- 
tirely upon theoretical grounds : ( 1 ) that rapid immunization 
from an infective disease can be produced by the disease itself, 
and (2) this immunization is due to the formation of an anti- 
toxin, a chemical substance which destroys the toxic bacteria. 

This is not a fact ; it has never been produced. It is merely 
an hypothesis of visionary minds, not a chemical substance. 

Has it been demonstrated that this serum, when injected un- 
der the cuticle, produces immunity from diphtheria, or even 
cures it, or that its use is free from danger? Our experience 
has been that it neither protects nor cures, and always incor- 
porated with danger. There are no scientific, theoretical or 
experimental grounds for accepting the so-called antitoxin 
serum as a specific remedy for diphtheria, because it has no 
specific remedial power. The remedy often does harm, for it 
always exerts a decomposing or septic influence upon the blood 
and acts disastrously upon the kidneys. 

The reminiscences of the atrocious system of vaccination at 
our quarantines, of tuberculin, of the attenuated virus of 
canine madness, of serum, are simply the avaricious modes of 
charlatans. 

The National Bacteriological Society of the United States 
of North America is the largest membership of scientific men 
in the world, embracing twenty thousand of the most eminent 
in the medical profession. We give their opinion in corrobora- 
tion of our own : 

Diphtheria is recognized as an infectious and contagious 
disease, often endemic, characterized by great prostration of 



298 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

vital power, combined with great constitutional disturbance, 
and an exudation of plasma in which the spores of the strep- 
tococcus are distributed on the mucous membrane of the 
throat, mouth and nose, and other mucous membranes. 

This pathogenic microbe possesses prodigious tenacity of 
life, surviving long periods in clothes, especially if laid away in 
damp places. All domestic animals, cats, dogs, even rodents, 
as mice, rats, squirrels, become affected and are active carriers 
of the germ; parrots, doves, chickens, turkeys, etc., are also 
frequently victims of its ravages. 

The toxin of this microbe creates embolism of the blood, 
paralysis of the laryngeal, pharyngeal, facial and other nerves ; 
cardiac failure, and renal disorganization. 

The specific micro-organism in this disease, the strep- 
tococcus of diphtheria, has a double cycle of existence; one 
is passed in the soil and another in a devitalized body ; one 
is a saprophytic, the other a parasite. In order to account for 
the epidemic and even pandemic waves of diphtheria, there is 
a diminished electrical state of the atmosphere, a vitally de- 
teriorated body; then the germ becomes actively virulent and 
infective. Such an atmosphere as is engendered by a large 
public school, the greater the better, the aggregation or over- 
crowding, form a favorable site for the dissemination of the 
streptococcus of diphtheria. 

In this microbic disease two classes of remedies are required, 
germicides and fortifiers ; the former, like the glycerite of sul- 
phur, to kill the germ ; the latter, the glycerite of kephalin, to 
feed the brain, reinvigorate the system. Place the tissues in a 
condition to prevent the lodgment of germs; strengthen the 
blood, so as to render it a barren soil for their growth. 

The growth of the diphtheric germ in a feeble body is rapid, 
terminating in four or five days ; treatment must be prompt, 
decisive. Administer freely glycerite of sulphur until the sys- 
tem is saturated with it, which will be known by its action on 
the bowels; give a cinchona alkaloid to aid blood formation; 
spray throat every two hours with peroxide of hydrogen and 
papoid, or peroxide of hydrogen and jequirity. 

Spraying the apartment every two hours with formalin de- 
stroys all the germs in the apartment, unites with all sulphur- 
etted or nitrogenous products of decay or decomposition ; pre- 
vents auto-infection. 

Under states of greatly depressed vitality in man and do- 
mestic animals there appear certain microbic or fungoid dis- 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 299 

eases. These occur sporadically, endemically, epidemically, 
and are contagious and infectious, and capable of passing from 
animals to man, and vice versa. 

The microbe of diphtheria is the most common and best un- 
derstood of all those conditions. 

Vital force being low, the germ, if in close proximity, enters 
the blood, and in an indefinite period of time, depending upon 
the status of vital force, demonstrates its presence by a charac- 
teristic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the throat, 
which tends to exudation of plastic lymph, the formation of a 
false membrane, consisting by and by exclusively of microbic 
growth, which has prodigious powers of growth and repro- 
duction, and which, during the process of sporulation, excretes 
a most potent deadly poison or toxin, which kills the red cor- 
puscles of the blood and paralyzes the nervous system. 

Its true etiology is not fully known, but this blight falls upon 
the young, the feeble, the broken down, the defenceless, those 
whose vital forces are weak, whose tissues are soft, non-resist- 
ing. The very weakness or delicacy of structure enables this 
germ to penetrate. 

Place all or any of our domestic animals in conditions adverse 
to a high state of vitality, the same degenerative conditions of 
blight appear. Highly vitalized individuals, or structures, re- 
tard or prevent the ingress of this blight. 

In the treatment of diphtheria there are three things indis- 
pensable : kill the germ, neutralize its toxin, build up or re- 
construct vital force. 

The only known antidote to kill the germ, neutralize its 
toxin, is the ozonized glycerite of sulphur. The administration 
of this in every case completely annihilates this fungoid condi- 
tion in the blood, and roots out its toxin. Try it ; you can rely 
upon it; it will never disappoint. Give it in small doses, oft 
repeated, until the system is thoroughly saturated with it — 
every spore and germ obliterated. This is known by the 
sulphur acting upon the bowels. When this is the case don't 
discontinue, but administer every three or four hours. 

What can be done for the diphtheric exudation on the tonsils, 
uvula, fauces, trachea, which is encroaching on respiration? 
If the child is quite young, spray it with a mixture of equal 
parts of c. p. peroxide of hydrogen and ozonized distillation 
of jequirity ; if older, able to open his mouth, paint all the parts 
freely with the jelly of violets or some powerful germicide. 

Local remedies are of much value. Every physician has his 



300 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

favorite formulae. Peroxide of hydrogen and carbolate of 
sodium answer a good purpose, and more recently a solution of 
the hyposulphite of sodium. When this latter is used it is pre- 
pared as follows : Take a saturated solution of the hyposul- 
phite of sodium, four ounces; c. p. glycerin, four ounces; 
mix. Apply by a brush to the germ-swollen parts once or 
twice daily, or as often as the attending physician deems it 
necessary. It generally suffices to clear away the false mem- 
brane, kills all the germs, relieves the engorgement of the 
mucous membrane, which is so favorable to the evolution and 
growth of the streptococcus. This remedy has a decided ac- 
tion as a germicide-chemical destruction of the microbe. 

The profession must digest the subject of human and animal 
blight with an unbiassed mind. It has its origin in profound 
debility, exhausted vitality, so that the most constructive and 
vitalizing agent in the materia should be administered. 

Mould and rot in the vegetable, diphtheria in the animal 
kingdom are preventable maladies. The use of microbicides 
to retard, sterilize, is invariably followed by limitation of the 
disease. Both are the evolution of partial death, of decay. 
When either gets around some one is to blame. Danger of 
contagion and infection when the streptococcus of diphtheria 
has made an escape. All outgoings and incomings must be 
checked; all domestic animals, such as dogs, cats, parrots, etc., 
banished ; exterminate all sources of filth, whether of the earth, 
air or water. Don't be deceived. Diphtheria, the modern 
blight, does not come from afar, through the air; so do not 
shut up your houses tightly, for it cannot be shut out. Inhaling 
re-breathed air makes it easier for the microbe, if present, to 
seize the child. Abundance of fresh air at all times, sunshine, 
and the best of nutrition, are inimical to the germ. Crowded 
schools are the foci of contagion. 

We have many adults walking around with sore throat ; tech- 
nically, diphtheria ; vulgarly, but truthfully, the rot. 

Prudence dictates caution in using tumblers, drinking cups, 
towels used by others. Stern rectitude demands of us that no 
infected individual should kiss a child, as that very act may be 
the unconscious signature to the little one's death warrant. 
Drinking water and milk carefully scanned. 

It has been recently discovered that if there be any value 
whatever in antitoxin it is due to the carbolic acid in the 
serum ; that all the sudden deaths, heart failures, degenerative 
changes in the kidneys, which follow the use of antitoxin, have 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 301 

led all progressive physicians to discard the serum for a one- 
eighth of one per cent aqueous solution of carbolic acid. 

Clinically, it has been found that the hypodermic use of this 
solution produces the same effects claimed for antitoxin, 
namely, a lowering of temperature and amelioration of the 
inflammation in the throat. When used early, before extensive 
blood changes occur, and in patients having a reasonable 
amount of vitality, it often aborts the disease. This is a valu- 
able item of knowledge which we have gleaned from our ex- 
perience with antitoxin. 

The carbolic acid treatment acts best in children who have 
strong hearts and considerable vital reserve force. Superfi- 
cially viewed, these cases seem the most serious because the 
system makes a strong fight against the disease. There will be 
high fever, great nervous excitement, and intense congestion of 
the tissues of the throat, so that the child presents a deplorable 
spectacle with its livid, swollen face, and anguished struggles 
for breath. In these cases the injection of carbolic acid solu- 
tion, one-eighth of one per cent early, produces an effect similar 
to pouring oil on troubled waters. The fever declines, the con- 
gestion subsides, and the excitement being over, the various 
organs return to their ordinary duties, and the system soon 
recovers its previous tone. But if the child is suffering from 
great nervous prostration, low fever, passive congestion of 
throat and nose, with sanious discharge, weak heart, profound 
anemia, no hypodermic injections should be used. 

DIRECT MEDICATION.— The efficacy of direct medica- 
tion is becoming daily more appreciated by the profession. The 
power of absorption by the glands and follicles of the mouth, 
vagina, rectum and urethra are immense, and form excellent 
channels for the exhibition of remedies. 

Sublingual medication is away ahead in real practical utility. 
A protonuclein tablet under the tongue, thrice daily, increases 
blood cells and plasma at a rapid rate, double in potency as 
when swallowed ; two grains periodate aurum under the tongue 
operate powerfully as a bactericide, and a glandular stimulant ; 
so with many other remedies. 

In all lethargic states of the female organism insert, and re- 
insert at proper intervals, a pastil of white pond lily well up 
against the uterine os; an affect of rejuvenation is promptly 
experienced, lost elasticity is restored. The insertion of a 
senecin tabloid in a case of a prolapsed uterus causes it to re- 
cede two inches. 



302 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The passing into the rectum of a kurchicin suppository j 
thrice daily, kills the entire brood of malarial germs swarming 
in the blood; wipes out that indescribable tired feeling inci- 
dental to ague, and enriches the blood. The administration of 
cassia suppositories kills the bacillus of typhoid fever ; the use 
of guaiacol suppositories are so efficacious that they are super- 
seding stomach remedies in tuberculosis. Boroglyceride and 
ichthyol suppositories relieve the misery of an enlarged pros- 
tate, whether the result of age or early excesses; salix nigra 
suppositories arrest all the oozing, weeping, leakages inci- 
dental to spermatorrhea; the oil of thuja suppository inhibits 
the sprouting as well as the matured neoplasm of cancer. 

Urethral medication is chiefly carried on by means of medi- 
cated bougies, which are easily and painlessly inserted, and 
when once in melt, run over the irritated, inflamed, germ- 
smitten or structured parts. The iodol bougies, when inserted, 
absorb stricture; the thallin bougies kill the gonococci; the 
ambrosia, alternated with the damiana, cures impotency; the 
saw palmetto relieves a congested prostate gland, whereas the 
salix nigra bougie affords local and direct medication of the 
seminal ducts and vesicles, as well as the generative nerves. 
Their use relieves the irritation in the deep urethra, into which 
the seminal ducts open; in other words, they cure the trouble 
which always exists in spermatorrhea and impotence; their 
daily use subdues inflammation, congestion at the neck of the 
bladder, stops the loss from the seminal ducts, the drain of 
vital fluid which is continually oozing away and sapping their 
vital force. These bougies contract the mouths of vessels and 
prevent semen oozing away, thus relieving the distressing ner- 
vous symptoms. 

Take it all in all, direct medication is one of the necessities of 
the age ; all our young men need it. The growth, vigor, pros- 
perity of our nation depends upon our young men maintaining 
their strength and vitality ; if they are nervous, weakened, ef- 
feminated by masturbation or drained out by sexual excesses, 
the result is disastrous ; direct medication is indispensable. 

DISEASE. — Disease may be defined as a deviation from 
health, or a partial death either of a part or of the entire body. 
Some would define it as a want of equilibrium between the 
positive and negative forces of the body; others a difference 
between the solids and fluids. The aim or object of all treat- 
ment in disease is to aid nature to promote a renewal of life. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 303 

DISINFECTANTS.— The best of all is chloride of lime, 
and should always be kept in the house. Never forget that the 
sanitary state of the house requires attention all through the 
year, and not during the hot months only. A little chloride of 
lime should be put down sinks and drains every night and 
morning. The best plan is to mix a couple of tablespoonfuls 
in a pail of water and flush the drains with it. Some people 
object to the smell, but it is so wholesome that none need mind 
it, and it purines the air, rendering it very fresh where it has 
been close and oppressive before the introduction of the chlo- 
ride. 

Turpentine is a powerful disinfectant, and deserves to be 
better known than it is. It is of the greatest possible use in 
smallpox, as the use of it prevents its spreading, and it relieves 
the irritation and unpleasant effluvia always present when that 
terrible disease is at its height. It should be used thus : Mix 
four parts of pure olive oil with one part turpentine, and apply 
with a feather, using a fresh one for each application. 

Camphor is another good disinfectant, and will, if carried 
about and inhaled in a sick room, prevent infection. In scarlet 
fever it relieves the patient to place a piece on a red-hot iron 
spoon and carry it about the room until dissolved. 

Formalin, two drams to a quart of water, either sprinkled 
around a room or exposed in hollow vessels ; renewed daily. 

The fumes of burning sulphur are excellent, but unfitted for 
respiration. 

Disinfection. — The destruction of the microbe on which a 
particular disease depends. This may be done by means of a 
disinfectant. An antiseptic prevents the growth of micro-or- 
ganisms, but does not necessarily destroy them. These terms 
have been very loosely applied, and it as well they should be 
known to refer to perfectly distinct agents, such as can be in- 
haled without injurious effects. 

DISLOCATIONS. — The joints of the human body are sim- 
ply so many hinges upon which the bones move, all finely lined 
with a soft, velvety membrane, which, during sleep, secretes a 
bland fluid for lubrication. This lining tissue is called a syno- 
vial membrane, and the amount of synovia secreted during re- 
pose depends greatly on the health of the individual ; if of good 
vital stamina, it is so great as to increase the stature by nearly 
an inch in the mornings. In cases where the nervo-vital fluid 
is deficient, as in masturbators, the secretion is so deficient as to 



304 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

cause the joints to crack. If a joint is tied up, immovable for 
some time, and no demand made for this lubricating fluid, there 
is none secreted. In all cases it is expended by healthy exercise 
during waking hours. 

Joints are all encased in a strong capsular cover- 
ing, or ligament, which retains or holds them in position, 
and forms a cap, cup, or reservoir to hold its synovia. This 
capsular covering, or ligament, is often weak, relaxed, and in 
some cases it is torn or lacerated, so that the head of the bone 
escapes from its cavity into the surrounding parts. If the cov- 
ering of the joint is merely relaxed, the head of the bone may 
come out of its socket, but is easily thrown into its place by the 
individual himself; but when it escapes through a tear, it re- 
quires relaxation of muscles and manipulation to get it to re- 
cede back through the same opening by which it escaped. 

A dislocation, therefore, is the escape of the head of a bone 
from its natural cavity. 

Causes. — It may be caused by external violence, or muscular 
action, and in some cases of diseased joints, by ulceration of the 
ligament. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are two : deformity being the 
alteration in the form of the joint, in unnatural prominence 
at one part, a depression at another, with lengthening or short- 
ening of the limb. Loss of the proper motion of the joint. 
There may be numbness, pain, ecchymosis, swelling, etc., but 
no* crepitus. 

Treatment. — If possible reduce the dislocation before the 
patient recovers from the- shock, while relaxed; if not, admin- 
ister lobelia, to nauseate him and relax, or else chloroform' 
and ether. Better, as a rule, to relax the muscular system in 
all cases, either completely or partially. Then the head of the 
bone should be manipulated or manoeuvred back into the 
socket through the same opening through which it made its 
escape. The shoulder and hip joint are the only two that re- 
quire nice manipulation or rotation; all others are brought 
into their place by simple extension, an assistant holding one 
part, and the other drawn gently into its place by the operator. 
After a dislocation has been reduced, the limbs should be ban- 
daged up for ten or fifteen days, giving the tear in the capsular 
time to heal up. If it is complicated with fracture it is likely 
to give rise to a stiff joint, or ankylosis, under the best of 
care. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 305 

DUMPING GROUND.— All the poverty, squalor, ignor- 
ance, ' crime, human depravity, helplessness, parasite and mi- 
•crobic diseases of the old world are dumped at our very doors 
by immigration. 

Just think of it, that among the best fed, housed and clothed 
people in the world, we have in our very midst quite a large 
proportion of lepers. 

Past years have witnessed the importation of typhus fever, 
dumped down in every nook and corner of our cities by the 
Commissioners of Emigration, but promptly stamped out by 
the efficient Boards of Health ; but they still persist in a recur- 
rence, a fresh importation of the deadly malady. 

Smallpox of a most malignant type has recently been im- 
ported in goodly numbers, dumped down on our shores, where 
it became endemic and epidemic, all remedies failing to wipe 
it out until oil of thuja eradicated the microbe. 

Through the same apathy, morbid indifference, criminal cal- 
lousness, we are likely to have a visitation of the microbe of 
cholera and plague. We see no reason why all our seaboard 
cities should become the dumping ground of Asiatic and Euro- 
pean cholera. 

The factor of the disease is a pathogenic microbe, of deadly 
power, which may be carried through air, either by ships or by 
clothing or by individuals. The stoppage of emigration for ten 
years would stamp out all leprosy, all typhus, much of the 
smallpox and scarlet fever, epidemic influenza, with its fatal 
sequel pneumonia, and prevent the approaching visitation of 
the comma bacillus and bubonic plague. 

DYSENTERY. — When isolated from the ordinary excre- 
mentitious matter of the lower bowels the microbe of dysentery 
appears in the field of the microscope as a germ, slightly 
elongated and oval, or short and cylindrical, with rounded 
ends. They divide by fission; like the micrococci, the in- 
dividual elongating and becoming constricted in the mid- 
dle, capable of spontaneous locomotion, having a flagellum 
at one or both ends, with which they perform active spin- 
ning or darting movements. They are capable of form- 
ing zooglcea, in which the interstitial gelatinous is more 
copious. The microbe is pathogenic of the disease, bears 
cultivation well in any broth; the culture when injected 
into animals give us all the virulence of the original dis- 
ease. The micro-organism is indigenous to the rectum and 



306 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

colon; breeds and multiplies there, excretes ptomains, which, 
give rise to the tenesmus, fever, furred tongue. 

Our ideas of the treatment of all cases should be to some 
extent guided by its etiology; whether it originates under the 
influence of solar heat, catarrh, malaria, carbonaceous food or 
drink, or whether it be sporadic, epidemic, sthenic or asthenic,. 
and general conditions. 

If the microbe has migrated to the colon with decided in- 
flammatory symptoms, give green root tincture of gelsemium 
and passiflora incarnata in as large a dose as the patient can 
bear. Maintaining this action subsequently with smaller doses, 
Take periodate aurum twelve grains, sugar of milk one dram. 
Mix thoroughly and give one morning and night. This cleans 
the tongue, sweetens the breath, appetite returns, languor dis- 
appears. In catarrhal cases, administer siegesbeckie tablets 
from three to six daily, dissolved in water ; in malarial cases the 
concentrated kurchicin should never be omitted. 

In all cases flush the colon morning, noon and night with a 
warm infusion of flaxseed and peroxide of hydrogen or Chian 
turpentine mistura; either will sweep out the entire germ 
colony. 

In the convalescing stage select some germicide like stone 
crop, resorcin, lactic or mineral acids, with cinchona to wipe 
out the debris of microbic growth, unload the intestinal follicles 
to eliminate waste products of the body. 

Never treat diarrhea with astringents, but always with 
germicides, as in all cases there are microbes of every descrip- 
tion in the intestinal tract. Diarrhea often attends the com- 
mencement of fevers, epidemic cholera, hepatitis, meningitis, 
etc., owing to microbic irritation of the bowels. It is often 
associated with gout, and is often a dangerous complication 
in remittent or continued fevers, scarlatina, measles, smallpox, 
in which cases it arises from a migration of the pathogenic mi- 
crobe of each respective malady to the abdominal viscera, and 
the pathological changes induced by the retrocession, the de- 
jecta being loaded with bacteria. It is also frequently due to 
the ptomain or toxins of disease germs, as we see in the dis- 
organizing effects of the tubercle bacillus; auto-infection of 
other germs and absorption of their toxical matter generated 
in their growth. All cases, whatever be the cause, the vital 
cohesion or tonicity of the mucous follicles have become im- 
paired, often ulcerated, and the germ-laden evacuations are 
either mucous or mucopuriform, or serous or grumous, or sero- 
purulent and partly feculent. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases 



O u / 



Aside from rest in the recumbent posture, nutritious liquid 
diet, concentrated ozone over the abdomen, with heat, a selec- 
tion should be made from one or other of the following anti- 
bacterial list : if a purely vegetable course be deemed advisable, 
kaki. wild indigo, or siegesbeckie are excellent; but more ef- 
ficient remedies might be selected, as either lactic acid or salol, 
or sulphocarbolate of zinc, or resorvin or salicylate soda. Still 
disinfection of the intestinal canal may be effected by either 
benzol or naphthalin, or even creosote in balsam of Peru, more 
efficiently than by salol or resorcin, or mistura guaiacol. 

The Pathogenic Microbe of Dysentery. — A most suc- 
cessful method of exterminating the micro-organism of acute 
dysentery is as follows : A copious enema of an eight volume 
solution of peroxide of hydrogen, rendered acid by the addi- 
tion of a few drops of lactic acid : as soon as this passes off, en- 
join perfect rest in bed in the* recumbent posture: relieve ab- 
dominal pain by rubbing concentrated ozone over the entire 
abdomen; administer often, every 'half hour in small doses, 
tincture of the green root gelsemium, which will diminish the 
irritability of the stomach, prevent nausea and vomiting, con- 
trol microbic evolution, thereby soothing restlessness and alle- 
viating tenesmus. The desire to go to stool passes away, fever 
departs, skin becomes moist, and great relief is experienced: 
even the motions become feculent and yellow in color. For 
drink, infusion of kaki, acidulated with lactic acid, is an ex- 
cellent drink. If any irritation should remain, apply the con- 
centrated ozone again over the abdomen, continue the gelse- 
mium, and insert a cocain suppository, which has a most bene- 
ficial effect, as it gives ease, sleep, aids recuperation. 

If there be much hepatic torpor or portal congestion, small 
doses of matricaria is a remedy of rare value. 

Liquid nourishment, beef tea, chicken broth is indispensable. 

To tone up. revitalize, the weakened bowel, no remedy is so 
efficacious as the ozonized Virginia stone crop, which should be 
persevered with for some months. 

The medical reports of all our hospitals afford evidence of 
the success of this remedy in all weakened states of the intes- 
tinal canal. It ameliorates every symptom of disease and pro- 
motes a renewal of life in the bowel. 

DROPSY. — An abnormal accumulation of serum in one or 
other of the three great cavities of the body or into the minute 
lymph spaces of the cellular tissues, constituting edema. It may 



308 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

either be the result of inflammatory action in serous mem- 
branes, or due to obstruction, degenerative changes, or to the 
toxins of disease germs, or an excessive exudation may take 
place from the walls of the capillaries, owing to a watery con- 
dition of the blood or a stasis in the capillaries. Edema may 
occur from loss of tone or contractility in the minute vessels. 
In anemia and chlorosis, watery blood, there is a tendency to 
exudation through their walls, more especially if vasomotor 
paralysis exists. 

Rarely does either venous or lymphatic obstruction give rise 
to dropsy; but it is often present in the uric acid diathesis, 
when there is an excess of this acid in the blood, renders the 
walls of the vessels permeable, favoring transudation. 

Disease germs and their toxins are often productive of drop- 
sical effusion. 

Anasarca. — An effusion of •serum into the cellular tissue, 
the result either of some degenerative or obstructive action in 
the kidneys or cardiac failure — one of the compromises of na- 
ture, which enables machinery to go on a little longer. This 
form of dropsy is due to a leakage from the congested capil- 
laries into the cellular tissue ; also, to a retarded removal of the 
fluids by the lymphatic vessels. General treatment, and in this 
form the hot air bath, which does not produce so much sweat- 
ing. The hot air relieves the kidneys and aids in the elimina- 
tion of the toxin which caused the obstruction. The hot air 
bath relieves the kidneys, and the abundant sweating gets rid 
of the effusion. 

We cannot speak too highly of an infusion of digitalis leaves 
in extreme cases of anasarca ; cases in which all remedies failed 
to relieve the dyspnea and edema ; a fresh infusion made daily, 
and while one pint of water is boiling briskly, one dram of fresh 
digitalis leaves is added. Permitted to cool and drunk freely, 
causes a copious secretion of urine. We get the full diuretic 
effect of the drug, in addition to its action on the heart muscle. 
It removes the dropsy and gives the heart another chance to 
recover itself. 

Ascites. — An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity 
often leads to enormous distention of the abdomen. Its eti- 
ology chiefly either an effect of peritonitis or cirrhosis of the 
liver, although it is often associated with morbid states of the 
kidneys and pancreas, cardiac failure. The fatty liver of the 
drunkard is its most common origin; once a slight distention, 
an unraveling of the peritoneal fibres adds greatly to the dif- 
ficulty, and hastens the effusion. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 309 

In this and the following forms of dropsy the ozonized tinc- 
ture of apocynum is the only remedy to depend upon ; treating 
the condition otherwise on general principles, with baths ; secre- 
tions well stimulated by alteratives and tonics. Use ozonized 
apocynum irrespective of the remedies you are using; add to 
your list ozonized tincture of apocynum. This is the remedy 
for dropsy, both prophylactic and curative, as when admin- 
istered it braces up the blood-vessels, prevents exudation. 
Don't fail to give it in every case and with a liberal hand; it 
will never disappoint when there exists an atonic state which 
permits free exudation. Whenever there exists relaxation of 
blood-vessels, even in the irritable, relaxed heart of the smoker, 
this remedy does splendid work. 

Hydrocephalus. — Under two years of age, effusion of 
serum from the membranes of the brain is very liable to occur 
in modern neurotic children, either from blows, falls, or from 
reflex irritation from the intestinal tract or other parts of the 
body. The very fact that in infancy, nay, up to puberty, 
there is but one skull table in the various bones, that the dip- 
loetic structure has not been elaborated, renders the brain of 
all children extremely susceptible to the slightest irritation. 
Especially is this true as regards boys, who are the weaker till 
puberty is reached, but subsequently become the strongest as 
the sympathetic and sexual organs are developed. 

All irritations under two years of age are liable to give rise 
to effusion of serum ; if not that, invariably depreciate the centre 
of vitality so much as to create a tubercular diathesis, in which 
the elementary molecules of the blood are degraded ; changed 
into a disease germ, the tubercular bacillus. 

In irritation of the cerebrum its membranes sympathize; 
it makes little difference whether it be mechanical or reflex; 
effusion may take place, child's head enlarges ; forehead over- 
hangs the face, which is wrinkled and aged looking, with eyes 
deeply sunken. 

As a rule, the inflammation which gives rise to it is insidious 
in its course, often almost devoid of fever ; but the characteristic 
headache is there, aggravated by noise, light, heat, motion; 
vomiting, loss of appetite ; convulsions, idiocy, and other forms 
of mental derangement are often present, and finally paralysis 
and death. 

Hydrothorax. — An effusion of serum into the cavity of the 
chest, either as an affection in pleurisy or some obstruction in 
the heart muscle ; occasionally present in anemia. 



310 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

General principles of treatment should be carried out. In- 
fusion of apocynum operates like a charm, eliminating material 
that blocks up the absorbents ; one of the very best remedies in 
hydrothorax, sulphate spartein, is highly extolled as a remedy 
for dropsy. 

Hydrops Pericardium. — Generally due to the toxin of the 
bacillus amylobacta, giving rise to inflafnmation of the sac into 
which the heart is suspended. When it does take place the 
area of dullness over the heart is increased ; sounds of the heart 
are muffled ; very probably edema at the ankle. 

The successful treatment of dropsy can only be obtained by 
carefully adapting the remedies to the pathological peculiari- 
ties of each individual case. And a disregard of this axiom ac- 
counts for the ill success in this disease. Where dropsy is con- 
nected with organic diseases of the heart, such remedies as 
collinsonia, digitalis, convallaria, adonis, and such other reme- 
dies as lessen the' exudation of lymph into the cavities and 
lymph spaces, and such as encourage the free exit of the lymph 
from the cavities and lymph spaces, tend to the cure of dropsy. 
Hydragogue cathartics aid this last result, but they are too 
debilitating to be long continued. Diuretics' can be used with 
much benefit, as they eliminate the lymph from the blood, 
thereby inviting the lymph back into the circulation, to be 
thrown off by the kidneys, and at the same time other remedies 
should be given to lessen exudation into the lymph spaces and 
the cavities, and remove it as rapidly as possible. 

Dropsy of the Scrotum. — An effusion from the internal 
lining membrane of the scrotum. May occur in scarlatina, the 
toxin of the micrococci, from defective elimination may irri- 
tate the serous coat, and give rise to considerable effusion. All 
sources of irritation are liable to give rise to it. 

Easily recognized by its transparency, smoothness, fluctua- 
tion. 

Usual internal treatment for dropsy may be tried, together 
with chloride of ammonium lotion locally, and it is usually 
a success in the young, but in elderly patients they may be tried ; 
but it must be borne in mind that tapping is certain and safe 
provided that when the fluid is drawn, the secreting faculty of 
the sac is destroyed by either injecting tincture of iodine or 
oil of thuja, or peroxide of hydrogen; and none of them being* 
handy, a seton. 

It must be borne in mind that in some cases the effusion is 
sacculated, like a honey-comb; hence, it is indispensable for a. 
positive cure that each be tapped. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 311 

DYSMENORRHEA (Difficult or Painful Menstruation). 
— There are three varieties met with in practice : 

I. Neuralgic Dysmenorrhea. — Nervous dysmenorrhea 
is very common among highly educated and refined ladies — 
those who have developed their nervous system at the expense 
of the physical, those who have insufficient exercise for body, 
who lounge and keep reading our fictitious, debasing, modern 
literature — that deadly poison which undermines their ner- 
vous systems. It may appear at puberty, but more generally it 
comes on from enervating causes after some years of painless 
menstruation, especially in the unmarried. In married life, 
it may come from the irritation of frequent abortions and 
the use of means to accomplish that act. It may be due to in- 
compatibility in the sexual act. 

Symptoms. — General languor, lassitude, debility, headache, 
withj pains in the back, sacrum and lower part of abdomen, 
coming on a few days prior to period ; an aching soreness of 
inner and upper part of the thighs ; bearing-down, with a sense 
of weight in the pelvis. As soon as the discharge comes on 
freely, relief is promptly experienced ; if the flow is scanty, and 
comes on in slight gushes, the suffering is often excruciating: 
it becomes paroxysmal, pain comes and goes; often consider- 
able pain in left ovary, sometimes in both : no swelling or heat, 
or increased sensibility in parts. There is flatulence, constipa- 
tion, hysterical symptoms or convulsions. 

Treatment. — During the attack, a warm hip-bath, teaspoon- 
ful doses of solution of morphia, every half hour, till relieved, 
or large doses of gelsemium and passiflora. Then discontinue. 
A better plan is to let her inhale thirty or forty drops of chloro- 
form, and give hypodermic injections of one-quarter of a grain 
of sulphate of morphia; that affords instantaneous relief. If 
aware of attacks coming on, they may be prevented by apply- 
ing a belladonna plaster across loins, four by nine inches long- 
ways across the back; the administration of tincture of bella- 
donna internally, till throat becomes slightly dry and pupil 
dilated; the introduction of a pastil up vagina, and supposi- 
tory up rectum, every three hours ; for the vagina a boroglycer- 
ide pastil ; for the rectum a cocain suppository. Begin five 
days before periods. 

From two to three weeks during the interval the following 
treatment should be carried out vigorously : The bowels to be 
regulated with cascara ; daily, tepid alkaline bathing, followed 
by shower-bath or friction: flannel next skin, especially over 



312 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

loins ; most nourishing food, easily digested ; avoid tea, coffee ; 
sleep on mattress, not over seven or eight hours ; abundance of 
exercise, games, moderate work, so locomotion is active ; horse- 
back exercise; sedentary habits and novel-reading to be for- 
bidden; if married, sexual intercourse to be avoided. Then 
place patient upon two of the following remedies each alternate 
week: Glycerite of kephalin, c. p. solution of spermin, wine 
of aletris farinosa, comp. syrup partridge berry. For the stom- 
ach, matricaria. 

2. Congestive Dysmenorrhea. — Membranous or inflam- 
matory dysmenorrhea may occur at any period of life, and in 
the large percentage of cases it is associated with plethora and 
sanguine temperament. Its true origin is not well understood ; 
indeed, it is in uncertainty and doubt ; but one thing is very cer- 
tain, that there 'is congestion — a sort of inflammatory condi- 
tion of the internal lining membrane of the uterus. Whether 
this hyperemia is in the uterus, or in the ovaries, or in the pel- 
vis, generally it is immaterial. 

Causes. — Aside from the diathesis, gouty or rheumatic, and 
pelvic irritation, general plethora of the genito-urinary organs, 
from sedentary habits and occupations, it may be caused by 
local irritation, as abortion, exposure to cold and moisture; 
sluggishness of the liver, displacement of uterus, and metritis. 

Symptoms. — Suffering begins four or five days before each 
period, in a general sense of languor, or weariness, with head- 
ache, pains in the loins ; a feeling of weight in the pelvis ; gen- 
eral restlessness and irritability of the bladder ; there are heats 
and colds, with other evidences of nervous depression. The 
weight in the uterus becomes a pain of a throbbing character ; 
then dragging in the back, aching in the hips and thighs, and 
bearing-down, especially when pain is on. Discharge, after a 
few days' suffering, makes its appearance, usually slowly and 
gradually, scanty at first, but subsequently, after the system is 
relaxed by the condition of prostration, it comes freely. It may 
come in small clots, or shreds, or flakes of membranes, or 
sometimes in the form of a large pear-shaped clot, covered with 
a false membrane, an exact cast of the cavity of the uterus. 
This membrane looks like the epithelial membrane lining the 
cavity of the uterus, analogous to the decidua. In some cases 
there is no congestion of the uterus, while in others it is much 
engorged, often displaced; ovaries very tender, with swelling 
and tenderness of breasts. If the portal circulation is sluggish 
there will be piles. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 313 

Treatment. — During the period, warm hip-bath, free action 
of bowels, gelsemium and passifiora and boroglyceride pastils, 
cocain suppositories. 

During the rest of the month, or when the period is over, 
patient should have the best of food, bowels to be open twice 
daily, bathing daily, flannel clothing, general alteratives and 
tonics, embracing such as ozonized syrup of saxifraga, with 
iodide of potass, ozone-water, glycerite of ozone, iodide 
of lime or lime-water, and tincture of iodine; with such 
bitter tonics as gentian, collinsonia, kurchicin. With those 
remedies, in the course of three or four months, a cure is 
effected. The plan is to select two, a tonic and an alterative, 
administer for a few days, then change on to other two, and so 
invariably keeping patient on either iodide of potass, or iodide 
of lime. 

To inject the uterus once a month with four ounces of dis- 
tilled water (milk warm), with twenty grains of iodide of po- 
tass dissolved in it, has a most salutary effect; but American 
ladies, being so highly civilized, do not bear it well, it produc- 
ing reflex symptoms that are often alarming, such as nausea, 
vomiting, numbness in hands and feet, and prostration. To 
guard against such, the four ounces should be placed in a hard 
rubber syringe, just holding that amount, with a male catheter 
point, carefully introduced into the uterus, and thrown in very 
gently, allowed to remain a few minutes, then every drop drawn 
back into the syringe, and then withdraw it. If performed care- 
fully, and with nicety, there need be no trouble; it hastens a 
cure amazingly, by producing a healthy action in the walls of 
the uterus. If there are no very distressing effects, it might 
be permitted to remain a short time, but in all cases never leave 
a drop in uterus. The best period to do it is about the middle 
of the month, between the two periods. It is rarely necessary 
to repeat over three times in all. Moderate exercise ; recumbent 
posture better for rest than sitting; malt or alcoholic liquors, 
and sexual intercourse, to be avoided. Conception never takes 
place in a well-marked case. 

The shreds, clots, or coagula, are always loaded with in- 
numerable bacteria. 

3. Mechanical Dysmenorrhea. — This term is applied 
to a thickening, induration, cartilaginous degeneration, or 
stricture of the external and internal os uteri, or neck, or a nar- 
rowing of the entire canal of the neck. It may also be due to 
some tumor, or uterine displacement, as anti- or retro-flexion ; 



314 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

these latter we do not include in the following remarks. What 
we speak of here is either a narrowing of the canal of the neck 
or its infiltration with lymph, or cartilage, or a true stricture 
of the external or internal mouths of the cervical canal — condi- 
tions that cause sterility as well as dysmenorrhea. 

Causes. — The causes that give rise to this induration, or 
mechanical obstruction, are inflammation, such as acute and 
chronic vaginitis, leukorrhea, self- abuse, excessive coition ; con- 
genital irritation common cause. 

Treatment. — Usual treatment during an attack, as already 
laid down, with the exception that tincture of green root of 
gelsemium, or lobelia, might be added to more effectually relax. 
There are several methods of treatment that can be tried dur- 
ing the intermenstrual period. In all it would be well to put 
patient under an alterative and tonic course of remedies, as 
ozonized saxifraga, phytolacca, glycerite of ozone, iodide po- 
tass, cinchona and mineral acids, attending to all minor symp- 
toms, as dyspepsia, constipation, anemia. Then try treatment 
with aristol alternated with boroglyceride pastils, one inserted 
every three hours alternating, lying down for one hour after 
each. 

Dilation, by means of sponge-tents, sea-tangle, and metallic 
and rubber dilators is worse than useless, setting up more 
irritation and additional obstruction. Those expanding instru- 
ments may produce no bleeding, but they are very destructive, 
and if often repeated are most harassing to the patient, and 
invariably after their use the canal returns to its former size, 
even a little narrower. There is no good in either slow or rapid 
dilation, and even the new method of dilating, lacerating, tear- 
ing, by divergent blades, is useless; there is danger of irrita- 
tion, if not of metritis, pelvic cellulitis, or peritonitis. 

Incision is the best plan, as it gives rise to no suffering, gives 
a sure result, and is free from danger, if properly performed, 
and rapid. This is best performed by a pair of scissors, made 
for the purpose, one blade terminating in a probe-pointed end, 
which enters the os; the other by a hook, which seizes and 
fixes the vaginal portion at the point desired. One stroke of 
the scissors divides the intervening tissue in a straight line. 
The proceeding is then repeated on the other side of the os, 
and the operation is then completed. There is a tendency to 
contract again even after that. To meet this, there should be 
a slight nick made of the internal os, just sufficient to divide 
the mucous membrane and some of the superficial circular fibres 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 315 

of the muscular coat. This will allay spasmodic sphincteric 
action. The incision should be no greater, because it is super- 
fluous and even dangerous. At the mouth of the inner neck 
there are blood-vessels in profusion, and of considerable size. 
Large veins, without valves and small arteries, gap at the 
uterine level, and are apt to bleed very profusely if uterus is cut 
into. A piece of lint, saturated with the juice or extract of 
hemlock bark, is to be inserted between the cut edges, and pa- 
tient kept in bed under opium. 

If the patient and friends are willing, the best plan, if the 
suffering is great, is to perform the operation at once, as it is 
only a waste of valuable time to exhaust the usual list of reme- 
dies on her first. 

DYSPEPSIA. NERVOUS.— May be denned as a sensory 
neurosis differing from hyperesthesia in that the disturbances 
are intimately associated with digestive activity of the stomach 
and that symptoms are very similar to those of different forms 
of gastritis. In nervous dyspepsia both motory and sensory 
functions may be disturbed. There may be an acidity, sub- 
acidity, or hyperacidity. Diminution in the amount of the 
gastric juice, hypermotility and atony are often found. If the 
functional disturbance is marked and continues a long time, 
nervous dyspepsia may be easily confounded with other affec- 
tions, especially with one or other of the forms of gastritis. 
Nervous dyspepsia, thus defined, is not the frequent affection it 
is commonly supposed to be, and not all dyspeptic symptoms in 
a nervous individual point to nervous dyspepsia. In fifty such 
cases post-mortem examination revealed the fact that more 
than one-half of the patients had suffered from other diseases 
of the stomach, principally inflammatory processes, and only 
in eleven cases were the complex symptoms of nervous dyspep- 
sia found. 

Nervous dyspepsia usually brings with it other nervous 
symptoms, sometimes giving us a complete picture of neuras- 
thenia or, more seldom, of hysteria. That nervous dyspepsia 
is always a symptom of neurasthenia has been maintained, and 
it often happens that nervous symptoms depend on stomach 
disturbances and disappear when the latter are cured. Never- 
theless, in nervous dyspepsia the treatment of the stomach 
symptoms is very useful, especially when combined with the 
treatment of the general condition and the pathogenesis. 

In all- forms of partial death of the stomach there are a 



316 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

variety of bacteria that put in an appearance. In what is termed 
mucous dyspepsia or gastric catarrh, the sarcinae ventriculi are 
pre-eminent ; in chronic inflammation of the stomach there are 
quite a host of germs present; whereas in nervous dyspepsia 
there is a sensory neurosis, which differs from all others, even 
that of chronic gastritis. 

Nervous dyspepsia is but a symptom of neurasthenia, an out- 
come of a poverty of nerve force, a condition of debility oscil- 
lating between the brain and stomach. There may be an acid- 
ity, subacidity or hyperacidity. A diminution in the amount 
of the gastric juice, hypermotility and atony are invariably 
present, with a want of digestive activity. 

In the treatment of nervous dyspepsia the stomach merits 
close attention, as well as the general condition of neurasthenia. 

To meet the true pathological condition, the complex symp- 
toms of nervous dyspepsia, one of the most important factors 
is rest, so as to enable the vital powers to recuperate, to regain 
their lost vitality. To effect this, nothing is so efficacious as the 
administration of the ozonized glycerite of pepsin — the ex- 
pressed juice of the stomach of the calf, taken before its vital 
elements have escaped, and added to glycerin and ozone — an 
elegant and most efficacious preparation. A teaspoonful just 
as the patient commences his meal, effects digestion so per- 
fectly that there is literally no call, no demand for stomach and 
brain secretion. In other words, those organs have rest for 
repair. 

About one hour before eating, from six to ten drops of the 
comp. tincture of matricaria added to one ounce of water 
should be given. Of all tonics it is incomparably the best, the 
most active in the materia medica, when both the sensory and 
motor functions of the stomach are out of gear. 

Local, persistent stimulation over the region of the stomach 
promotes a renewal of life in that organ ; besides, it is beneficial 
for its reflex effect. The oil of capsicum is the remedy. The 
profession has too long been imposed upon by bastard prepara- 
tions of this oil, which are worthless. The attending physician 
must be the judge whether this oil be applied in the form of a 
plaster or by cotton medicated with it, or simply painted on 
and covered with rubber plaster, either pure or diluted. A 
form which can be comfortably worn by the patient is best. 

To build up vital force and overcome neurasthenia, one week, 
one teaspoonful of the c. p. solution spermin immediately after 
eating; second week, substitute one, and one only, kephalin 
granule immediatelv after each meal. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 317 

By alternating those two wonderful remedies, we bring to 
bear upon the nervous system of man remedies that fertilize 
the brain, deepen its typical fissures of thought and, together 
with bathing, massage, nutritious diet, freedom from care, will 
by proper management wipe out neurasthenia. 

The following are the views entertained by the leading 
members of our profession on dyspepsia : 



DYSPEPSIA. — Whatever diminishes strength impairs 
health — encroaches on the function of life — hinders perfect 
solution of food — disturbs the function of digestion. What- 
ever diminishes, either the secretion from the salivary glands, 
or the gastric juice, or perverts its quality, deteriorates its 
solvent properties. Food during digestion is quickened into 
life, a vital transformation, a nutritive process. Dead animal 
and vegetable protoplasm is magically endowed with the prop- 
erty of life, for the building up and regeneration of tissue. 
To effect this we must have a healthy stomach, normal diges- 
tion. There must be no altered condition of the mucous 
membrane (excessive secretion and evolution of the sarcinae 
ventriculi), no defect of either the mucous membrane or its 
nerve supply. 

Impaired gastric digestion renders a man feeble — often ex- 
tremely exhausted ; even adapting diet, mode of life to the con- 
dition not always curative. 

The gastric juice is merely a secretion from the brain, the 
function of the stomach to evolve it. The activity and in- 
tegrity of both organs depend upon the quality of blood sup- 
plied to them. The quality of blood is determined by the food 
eaten and assimilated. 

Rest by artificial digestion with papoid, comp. matricaria, 
stimulates both brain and stomach to a higher degree of ex- 
istence, and are the two best remedies in dyspepsia. 

Dyspepsia is a racial characteristic of the to-day American, 
induced by too hasty eating; the form denominated gastric 
catarrh is usually the outcome of excessive beer drinking, 
and when present gives rise to degeneration and atrophy of 
the gastric glands. Very many cases now arise from adulter- 
ated food and the use of chemical preservatives. 

Anemia is a very common sequel of imperfect digestion and 
assimilation ; then follows the inevitable nuerasthenia, poverty 
of nerve force, nervous exhaustion or prostration, a growing 



3 1 8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

malady in which the vital forces are lowered and every func- 
tion of the body impaired. 

The general treatment is important ; cure hastened by the re- 
moval of cause, by attention to diet, by the administration of 
ozonized matricaria before meals and the c. p. solution of 
spermin after meals — those two remedies, in the physio- 
logical and therapeutic action, favor digestion, assimilation and 
metabolism — their action is immediate and direct — and the 
vital forces are favorably influenced by them, as they com- 
pletely overcome the gone feeling, as well as that of exhaus- 
tion. 

Eminent medical men infer from reliable statistics that 
indigestion is the most common of all maladies with which 
the human race is affected ; that neurasthenia lies at the origin 
of every case — once presented it favors the evolution of a 
large family of microbes, of which the sarcinse ventriculi is the 
most common ; that it is the toxin of that micro-organism which 
gives rise to the headache and indescribable feelings of misery. 

If the ozonized jelly of ichthyol is used in such cases, it 
inhibits their activity or destroys them. At all events, it is 
a good germicide, invariably gives a good result — but its 
effect or action in fermentations and acid crustations is quite 
marvelous. 

In addition, all of the mineral acids, together with ozone 
water and ozonized sulphur water, are invaluable in dyspepsia. 

Probably no malady is so common in our country as some 
form of gastric derangement, with all its collateral symptoms 
of pain, acidity, flatulence. The causes which give rise to gas- 
tric disturbance are legion, although for brevity they may be 
classed under one term, a want of nerve force — a deficiency 
of nervous power. 

Produced generally either by too much drain upon the nerve 
centres, by either mental application, general exhaustion from 
any cause, excessive use of tea or coffee, or abuse of tobacco, 
or too great a strain upon the sexual powers. Unstable con- 
ditions of the nervous system induce feeble digestion simply 
by want of power in the nervous system; with this condition 
of partial death, this deficient tonicity, evolution of pathogenic 
bacteria takes place. 

The lack of nervous energy gives rise to active bacterial 
existence with all the well-defined symptoms of dyspepsia ; the 
difficulty may not be gastric alone, it may extend to the in- 
testines. The division of dyspepsia under three distinct heads 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 319 

is to be commended : chronic gastritis, nervous dyspepsia 
proper, and gastric catarrh with its pathogenic microbe, 
sarcinae ventriculi. In the three forms there pervades each a 
deficiency of nerve supply ; so in each the first thing to do is to 
correct what is wrong in life and habits, ameliorate all dis- 
tressing symptoms, rest to the nervous system — rest in the 
recumbent position — a carefully restricted diet — all indigest- 
ible food excluded — any article that had been found by ex- 
perience to disagree. 

In the drug treatment the aim is to increase the nervous 
power of the stomach, annihilate the germs, so that nerve 
tonics are invaluable ; among these pre-eminently stands ozon- 
ized tincture of matricaria — if we were restricted to one rem- 
edy that would be the one — it imparts tone to the stomach, 
cleans the tongue, corrects the disordered state of the gastric 
mucous membrane, and braces up the muscular coat. 

Properly administered in a little water before meals, it never 
fails to afford prompt relief. 

As a rule, pain in the stomach is best relieved by the ad- 
ministration of green root tincture of gelsemium and passirlora 
incarnata. 

Liquor cerii after meals is much more efficient than any 
preparation of bismuth — it is a true gastric sedative. 

A decoction of kaki, given cold, to which a few drops of 
the peroxide of hydrogen are added, most effectually destroys 
the sarcinae in the stomach. 

In recommending a diet to our people, who nearly all are 
dyspeptic with weak hearts, we must forbid the use of the 
banana as an article of diet. It is simply a large mass of raw 
starch, containing some sugar and an appreciable dose of 
nitrite of amyl. Physiologically speaking, it is a vegetable, 
highly nutritious, but not digested till it enters the small 
intestine. In its chemical composition it is identical with the 
sweet potato, which also contains an even higher percentage 
of nitrite of amyl, which produces such havoc on weak hearts. 

Both are contra-indicated in feeble digestion, as they are 
productive of harm. Comp. tincture matricaria before and 
a few grains of papoid after meals are productive of much 
good, and afford relief in the most aggravated indigestion. 

For the constipation and general malaise, nothing can excel 
small closes of the kola-nut paste or kolatina. which vitalizes 
the enfeebled digestive organs. 



320 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

EAR, ITS DISEASES.— The auricle, or external ear, 
forms an important element in man, and serves a variety of 
purposes, such as the protection of the delicate organ which it. 
surrounds; preventing sensible perspiration, as it trickles over 
the head, from entering the ear; protecting it from wind and 
weather, dust and rain, the rays of the sun, and warding off 
various substances in active life. The mobility of the auricle 
causes wax to become dislodged and fall out. It also aids in 
maintaining an equable temperature and a proper degree of 
natural moisture within the ear, and assists in the catching 
of the undulations of sound, a sound conductor or condenser, 
an assistant in transmitting the vibrations to the inner ear. Its 
uses, then, may be briefly enumerated; to protect the ear and 
in catching sound, or sound waves, and of aiding in conducting 
them to the inner ear; it gives knowledge, also, of the di- 
rection of sound, and quickens the perception of musical notes. 
It is subject to all the various diseases of the skin, to various 
growths and tumors. 

The human ear is a perfect instrument of acoustics. Its 
mechanism is so arranged that the undulations of sound are 
transmitted or impressed upon the auditory nerve, or brain, in 
the most definite manner. The brain is the organ of hear- 
ing, the ear being simply the medium through which it re- 
ceives its impressions. This, of course, reduces all diseases 
of the ear to two classes — the ear and brain. The human ear 
is subject to the same fundamental laws of physiology and 
pathology as the rest of the body. This at once simplifies our 
investigations on ear diseases. Indeed, an overwhelming ma- 
jority of ear diseases are due to inflammation and its results, 
and in this process various parts of the organ may be affected;, 
all embraced under one general term — 

Otitis, or Inflammation of the Membrana Tympani 
and Middle Ear. — Beyond all question, the diseases of the 
auditory apparatus, which occur most frequently and possess 
the greatest interest, are the inflammatory affections of the 
tympanum and middle ear. The middle ear properly consists 
of the membrana tympani, the tympanitic cavity, the mastoid 
cells, the chain of ossicles, and certain muscles, vessels, and 
nerves. In a small, confined space, we have a most delicate, 
intricate structure, performing important functions ; easily dis- 
turbed by the standard of health, by a variety of causes, and 
attaining increased importance from their contiguity to such 
vital parts as the labyrinth, the internal jugular vein, the in- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 321 

ternal cartoid artery; the dura mater, and several venous 
sinuses of the brain; so when we look at the parts implicated, 
there should be no apathy in our treatment, no ignorant, 
officious meddling. 

Causes. — It may arise from cold, damp, exposure, rheu- 
matism, gout, boils, injuries, or accidents, injudicious tamper- 
ing with the ear with hair-pins. It may also be due to ex- 
tension of inflammation inwards, or upwards from the pharynx, 
carrying the germs of scarlet fever, quinsy, diphtheria, measles, 
smallpox, whooping cough, catarrh, pneumonia, bronchitis, 
influenza, syphilis, mercury, tuberculse, and the use of nasal 
douches. When the inflammatory action reaches the throat, 
it travels along the Eustachian. tube, which is the channel de- 
signed by nature for maintaining a due equilibrium between 
the atmospheric and tympanitic air, and for draining super- 
fluous mucus from the tympanum. When all is well it serves 
those purposes admirably, but when disease exists is serves as 
a channel for carrying disease germs up from the pharynx. 
The tube is short, being one and a half inches in the adult, but 
its continuity of mucous membrane permits an easy road for 
the germs to travel, and more so if it is a young child, in whom 
the tube is much shorter and more open than in the adult. 
Dentition, first and second periods, are productive of inflam- 
mation of the middle ear. The vasomotor impressions are 
readily conveyed from the inflamed gums to the correlated 
membrana tympani by the dental nerve, and the nervi vasorum 
of the tympanitic branch of the internal carotid artery. There 
can be little doubt that the difficult or retarded dentition due 
to a want of phosphates in the modern mother's milk is a com- 
mon cause of inflammation of the inner ear. It is impossible 
to doubt it when we look at the troubled little face, the resting 
of the head on the nurse, the thrill of agony that passes over 
its features, accompanied with piteous cries or shrieks when its 
position is moved, especially if done suddenly ; and, more than 
all, the constant raising of its little hand to the side. of the head ; 
all indicate the agonizing sufferings of earache. 

Of all living disease germs, those of scarlatina are most de- 
structive to the ear, give rise to hopeless chronic affections, or 
drift into deafness. The ear, in scarlet fever, is about as 
obnoxious to irritation as the kidneys, and when we bear in 
mind that every congestion of the lining membrane of the ear 
is a true periostitis, and every ulceration a caries of its osseous 
walls, so that with better care, a true appreciation of germ 



322 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

diseases, a more thorough antiseptic course, many lives might 
be saved, useful ears spared, and deaf-mutism become a rare 
exception. 

Symptoms. — General symptoms of inflammation, headache; 
pain in back, legs ; rigors, and a fever ; uneasiness in ear, fol- 
lowed by sharp, lancinating pain in the inner ear, increasing 
in severity; there are also impairment of hearing, giddiness, a 
sense of fullness in the head, and an increase of pain in moving 
jaws, mastication, or swallowing, moving the head, or blowing 
the nose. On examination of the membrana tympani, it is 
found red and congested. Beating noises in the ears; eyes be- 
come injected; countenance anxious; fever greater; function 
of skin, kidneys, and bowels -disordered. There may be de- 
lirium or convulsions. There is always great depression and 
despondency. If case is not seen to, there may be facial 
paralysis, from a spreading of the inflammation. Should the 
attack be a slight one, or the vital force vigorous, and treat- 
ment appropriate, perfect resolution may take place, but if 
powers of life are low, suppuration may take place, pent-up 
pus bursting on discharging itself, if in inner ear, by per- 
foration of membrana tympani ; or in more grave cases the in- 
flammatory process spreads into the mastoid cells internally, 
or by bony meatus to the periosteum, covering the mastoid 
process externally. 

In external otitis, perforation of the membrana tympani may 
take place, owing to the extension of inflammation from with- 
in outwards. 

The disease usually runs a very rapid course, suppuration 
often taking place in from twenty-four to forty-eight hours 
from its inception, a significant fact for rational and active 
treatment. 

Treatment. — The cause, if possible, should be promptly re- 
moved. Then patient should be put to bed in a warm room 
(yo° F.), moist atmosphere, well ventilated, comfortable, and 
free from all noise, no talking, the greatest quietness ; dry heat 
to the ear and side of head, such as hops, chamomile flowers, 
bran,. or salt, in bags or pillows, made hot in oven; and per- 
mit no food requiring mastication, for moving the jaws inter- 
feres with the rest of the organ. The fever, as well as the 
local inflammation, must be regulated by arterial sedatives. To 
do this effectually, administer a saline purge, or cascara, or 
both, and enemata, if not soon moved; heat to feet; aconite, 
belladonna, and veratrum viride. If the skin does not become 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 323 

moist, compound tincture of serpentaria. so as to cause free 
diaphoresis ; hot drinks ; near night either chloral or Dover's 
powder, so as to get a long sleep. The dry heat is of primary 
importance and should be watched with care. Never poultice 
either an eye or an ear is an injunction to be obeyed. One or 
two grams of the jelly of violets dropped in the ear every 
three hours will completely alleviate pain. The idea of this 
line of treatment is, if possible, to prevent the formation of 
abscesses, or suppuration, as that is a result to be dreaded, 
as we never can know how, when, or where it may terminate, or 
to what it may lead. Case, otherwise, should be placed upon 
alteratives and tonics. If there is a manifestation of gout or 
rheumatism, colchicum, quinine, iodide of potass : if upon 
teething, lance the gums; as soon as fever, pain, etc., are re- 
lieved, alteratives and tonics. 

Earache, Otalgia. — Neuralgia of the auditory nerve is 
simply the cry of a nerve for better and purer blood. It may be 
brought about by cold, damp, rheumatism, gout, tubercle, 
syphilis. 

When an attendant upon some acute disease there may be 
fever, but more generally it is unaccompanied by any febrile 
disturbance. The intimate connection of the auditory nerve 
with the various nerves of the face, especially those supplying 
the upper and lower jaws, the stomach, liver, uterus, render 
ear-neuralgia common where those organs are out of gear. 
Earache is thus common, as its causes are numerous and varied. 

It is easily recognized by the sharp, lancinating pain in the 
ear, very severe ; frequently also shooting through the nervous 
filaments distributed over the side of the head and face, causing 
much suffering and great restlessness. 

Pain in this affection is intermittent in character — that is, ir 
comes and goes for no very apparent cause. It is a shooting, 
not a throbbing^ pain ; is frequently associated with toothache, 
but may also be due to rheumatic causes or to the presence of 
foreign bodies in the ear. 

Treatment. — If it is traced to imperfect performance of 
stomach or liver, an emetic of lobelia, and saline purge; any 
uterine derangement, compound betin pill ; a carious tooth, 
extraction ; or to any special disease germ, treat for its destruc- 
tion. In all cases, and at once, relieve pain by dropping into 
the ear either jelly of violets or mullein oil, or both; resting the 
head on very hot pillows of hops, or chamomile flowers, or brar 
or salt; or the roasted bulbs of onions; or, better still, gar 1 



324 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

In addition, if very severe, the aconite, belladonna and chloro- 
form liniment should be applied to the side of the face ; cotton- 
wool, saturated with concentrated ozone. During the day, 
aconite and belladonna in alterations with quinine are true 
stimulants to this nerve, and it is well to give pretty large doses ; 
at night either passiflora or gelsemin, or both, to procure a 
good night's rest. In the mean time treat the case according 
to the cause, with alteratives and tonics ; and bear in mind that 
in this painful nerve-cry nutrition is of vast importance. 

Otorrhea, or discharges from the ear, so frequent in young 
children, must always be regarded as a sign of constitutional 
debility. It is really a catarrhal or a purulent or muco-purulent 
discharge from the ear — a sequel or result of inflammation, or a 
symptom of polypus; granulations; thickening by lymph; se- 
baceous tumor in meatus; is a common and often stubborn 
disease. 

Causes.- — Irritation, inflammation, even if not appreciable, 
is the cause; so we have to recapitulate the causes of inflam- 
mation of the middle and inner ear : teething and scarlet fever 
in tubercular children; in adults it may depend on gout, rheu- 
matism, syphilis, and other depressed states of the system. The 
secretion is always contagious, being loaded with bacteria, 
if muco-purulent ; but if very offensive, the oidium albicans are 
present in it. It may be tinged with blood. 

Symptoms. — A mucous or muco-purulent discharge from 
the ear, either scanty or profuse, occurring all the time or ceas- 
ing at intervals. If the discharge is very purulent, that is, 
loaded with disease germs, it may be corrosive or eating in its 
character, and destroy the membrana tympani, the bones of 
the ear, or cause caries of the bony walls of the meatus and 
tympanum. Disease germs may penetrate to the mastoid pro- 
cess of the temporal bone, or into the petrous portion of the 
same bone, until the brain or its membranes become involved 
in the unhealthy action. This event is ushered in with rigors, 
fever, and marked cerebral symptoms, and ultimately con- 
vulsions, coma, and death. Inflammation or abscess of the 
l>rain may be induced by extension of disease to the cerebral 
sinuses and veins, as well as the dura mater. If there is any 
cancerous cachexia, it may also be developed at this point. 

Treatment. — The first point is to wash out ear with tepid 
water and castile soap, and examine to ascertain if no growths 
or polypi exist. There being none, the instructions must be 
to fill the ear thrice daily with peroxide of hydrogen and after 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 325 

with one grain of jelly of violets. If weather is cold, ear-laps ; 
then place patient on the following alteratives week about in 
succession: ozonized compound phytolacca, idoide of potass 
in saxifraga compound. At the same time tonics, as sulphate 
of quinine and aromatic sulphuric acid, or compound tincture 
cinchona and mineral acids, or glycerite of ozone. Bowels 
and skin to be looked after ; clothing warm. The diet to be of 
the best, nourishing, and in abundance — animal food, milk, 
eggs, fruit. Parents must bear in mind the chronic, stubborn 
nature of complaint, and persevere. True, other alteratives 
might be used, and also other tonics, but, as a rule, these will 
suffice. 

Ear Microbes. — The fungi which affect the ear belong to 
the family of molds, and are as per gill us niger, Havus and 
fumigatus, the first named being the one most commonly 
found. To the naked eye they appear to consist of a felt-like 
structure composed of fine filaments, varying in color accord- 
ing to the species of fungus. Microscopically, the fungus 
consists of thin mycelia with hyphae, from which extend the 
fruit filaments. The latter terminate in a rounded capsule 
(the sporangium) , on the other surface of which are arranged 
radially the condia or fungous spores. These spores are 
always present in dwellings, but the meatus does not usually 
offer, a soil favorable to their development, and all attempts 
to inoculate healthy ears have failed. The presence of ceru- 
men and pus prevents their growth, but serum forms a favor- 
able soil. The fungus is, therefore, found only in eczema of 
the meatus or where a discharge loses its purulent character 
and becomes serous. Otomycosis is also favored by instilla- 
tions of glycerin, zinc, alum, tannin solutions and oil, and also 
by injuries causing a dermatitis. 

The part chiefly affected is the inner portion of the meatus 
and the membrana tympani ; but if prolific, the fungus may 
affect the whole meatus and lead to obstruction. Unless there 
is exudation, whitish or blackish (if aspergillus niger) spots 
appear on the membrane or meatal walls. If exudation be 
present, the meatus contains black-spotted membranous 
patches. These flakes may easily be mistaken for epidermis 
or cereum, and the microscope is necessary for certain diag- 
nosis. 

Otomycosis may give rise to no symptoms or merely to itch- 
ing, slight dullness of hearing, tinnitus, and pain of a dull, 
heavy character. A slight serous exudation may also be 



326 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

noted. Rarely, perforation of the drum-head and middle- 
ear inflammation have occurred. 

Treatment. — The removal and destruction of the fungus is 
indicated. The most certain method of destroying the mold 
is by repeated instillations of peroxide of hydrogen every other 
day, with the addition of one or two of violet jelly. The 
fungus, after a few applications, is killed, breaks up into pieces 
and is expelled. The installation of the peroxide may be con- 
tinued briskly for a few days, and subsequently at intervals of 
twice a week for some time. 

Foreign bodies in the ear and accumulations of wax are best 
removed by syringe with warm water. 

Insects, which give rise to alarm and pain, best treated by 
filling the ear with olive oil. 

Polypi, when they form in the ear, irrespective of variety, 
will yield promptly to the introduction of the ozonized oil of 
thuja. 

ECCHYAIOSIS. — An extravasation of blood beneath the 
skin giving rise to discoloration, and. usually due to injury. 
The commonest examples are bruises and a black eye. Ozon- 
ized tincture of marigold or oil of anilin and arnica are our 
best remedies. 

ECHINACEA AUGUSTIFOLIA.— Perhaps the most 
powerful of all vegetable antiseptics in the form of an ozonized 
concentrated tincture ; hence it is of great efficacy in all mala- 
dies in which a disease germ is the factor of morbid action. 

The ozonized concentrated tincture is a remedy that will 
cure snake-bites, and is a positive prophylactic for rabies, pro- 
vided it is administered before swallowing becomes difficult. 
Judiciously managed, locally and internally, it overcomes sep- 
ticemia. 

ECLAMPSIA. — Convulsions, with loss of consciousness, 
unconnected with any grave cerebral or spinal lesion, occurring 
in parturient women. The frequency of its occurrence is one 
in every 260 labors ; it may vary some among different women 
in peculiar grades and position in life. They may come on the 
day after impregnation, and at any intervening period during 
pregnancy; still they are most commonly met with just before 
labor commences, or during and after it, and the largest pro- 
portion, 93 per cent, synchronous with parturition. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 327 

Although there is no aura or warning there is likely to be 
languor, lassitude, debility, headaches, disturbance of vision, 
flashes of light before the eyes, amblyopia, amaurosis, ringing 
in the ears, difficulty of breathing, tingling, numbness in the 
limbs, epigastric pain, steady diminution of urea eliminated, in- 
variably associated with albuminuria, which is always present 
before, during and subsequent to the attack. 

Fifty per cent of all the fetuses die before delivery, usually 
poisoned by the same causes which produced the eclampsia in 
the mother, or are asphyxiated on account of deficient oxygena- 
tion of the blood, or a too early separation of the placenta. 

Complete recovery may take place, or death may occur in 
spite of the best treatment and most approved remedies. Super- 
saturated poisoned blood leads to heart failure, gradual as- 
phyxia, lung congestion, puerperal sepsis due to infection. 

Puerperal convulsions are nothing more nor less than toxe- 
mia, the retention of poisons in the blood, which are usually 
eliminated by the kidneys. 

The source of the toxic principle is elaborated in the kid- 
neys, the failure to eliminate is there — the toxicity in the blood 
is increased, supersaturated owing to renal incompetency — 
both the brain of the mother and fetus are poisoned by a physi- 
ological product. The pungency of this poison can barely be 
estimated by its action on the brain in the deep coma, constantly 
recurring convulsions, slowed labor combined with anemia. 

If puerperal eclampsia be suspected an effort at prevention 
should be made. This can best be effected by flannel clothing, 
most nutritious diet, keeping the skin active by sponge baths 
at least once daily; stimulating the excretory function of the 
kidneys by apiol, and the liberal administration of the comp. 
syrup partridge berry and the insertion and retention of two 
obstetric cones, one per vaginam and one per rectum, morning, 
noon and night. These cones vitalize the kidneys, stimulate 
secretion, aid free elimination; besides they produce absolute 
anesthesia of the uterine and sacral plexuses of nerves, thus 
subduing all reflex irritation. 

If convulsions have actually taken place, delivery should be 
effected as speedily as possible ; then aid nature in the elimina- 
tion of the poisonous product from the body through the usual 
avenues, skin, kidneys, bowels; either a hot or an alcoholic 
vapor bath is unexcelled ; dry cupping over the loins, followed 
by hot linseed-meal poultices made with glycerin; enemata of 
pint infusion of flaxseed, to which twenty grains of chloral 



328 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

hydrate, thirty grains of bromide potassa, half a teaspoonful 
of apiol solution is added ; if there be much congestion, a few 
drops of veratrum viride should be added, and repeat, if indi- 
cated. 

Never omit the obstetric cones, both vagina and rectum, 
and repeat often, as they are a powerful aid in controlling the 
convulsions. 

Once the patient can swallow, saline purgatives with per- 
oxide of hydrogen are excellent. 

The patient should be well guarded so as to prevent her 
doing violence either to herself or others. 

The albuminuria of pregnancy occurs independently of heart 
or kidney disease. Its occurrence in one pregnancy does not 
indicate its recurrence in another. The trouble is due to the 
toxin of a micro-organism, a planococcus, an evolution from 
the products of conception, which gives rise to a toxic condition 
of the blood, hence the eclampsia. 

The cause of the albuminuria in all those cases is the toxin in 
the blood, which relaxes the vessels of the kidneys, permitting 
the white portion of the blood to ooze through, a condition 
which is highly prejudicial to the nutrition of the fetus. 

In all such cases, the ozonized celery comp. effects splendid 
results; its administration vitalizes the kidneys, while impart- 
ing tonicity, it increases their action, favors elimination — at the 
same time is a perfect antidote to the poison. 

Albuminuria should be looked for in every case of preg- 
nancy, and if the merest trace of it exists, or can be detected, 
bear in mind that in the ozonized celery comp. administered, 
we have a never-failing remedy. 

ECZEMA. — The practice of medicine is not now, and from 
the very nature of the human mind never will become, an exact 
science. This characteristic it possesses in common with all 
the sciences and arts that have for their object the welfare and 
happiness of living creatures upon the earth. The fundamental 
principles of nature are fixed and certain ; those of the sciences 
likewise to a certain extent, but their development is apparently 
unlimited, unless it be so by the exhaustion of the ingenuity or 
the extinction of genius from the human race. Improvement 
on every side is unquestionably the order of the age in which 
we live. Man in his advanced state of civilization demands 
that the talent of the world be at his feet if it tends to make his 
wealth more abundant, his health more perfect, or his happiness 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 329 

more complete. Medical men are frequently asked to explain 
why the advances in the domain of surgery have been so much 
more pronounced within later years than those in that of prac- 
tical medicine, not knowing that it is but the untrained eye, the 
unreasoning or ignorant class of persons, who first give rise to 
such assertions ; for the fact is, that the most pronounced and 
the most unhoped-for remedies for the cure of disease have 
been brought forth within the last decade, did the public but 
know it. 

Physicians have but rarely achieved great success by their 
perfection of medicinal or chemical preparations, nor is it their 
province to labor in that direction ; their work lies in the direc- 
tion of diagnosis, advice, and administration. The most promi- 
nent factor in the advancement and the discovery and perfec- 
tion of medicine is undoubtedly the chemist. He is continually 
seeking new remedies that will be adapted to the more rapid 
and certain alleviation of pain, and the elimination of disease 
and disease-products from the human system. 

To-day the medical profession is not bound down by any set 
or fixed rules of treatment, but all schools are one in that the 
honest and worthy unite in doing the greatest good to the 
greatest number, and in the shortest possible space of time. 

Speaking definitely eczema is simply catarrhal, vesicular in- 
flammation of the skin, which, in a typical case, shows a red, 
irritable, raw-looking surface, from which a fluid exudes which 
on drying forms scabs or crusts. In advanced forms of the 
disease the patches become dry and scaly. It is difficult to cure 
permanently, for, in those subject to it, it recurs readily when- 
ever the skin is exposed to irritation. It is usually due to local 
irritation, such as the exposure of a part to contact with irri- 
tating fluids, etc. Other causes are dyspepsia, gout, and rheu- 
matism. 

Treatment should be constitutional and local. The food 
should be plain and nutritious; stimulants, spices, and rich 
foods being avoided. Regular exercise should be taken. The 
medicinal remedies are : In children, thyroid ext. of c. p. solu- 
tion spermin; in the gouty, colchicum and ozonized uric acid 
solvent; in other cases, quinine and iron. In chronic cases, 
cacodylate of sodium is usually necessary. 

The local remedies are : In the acute stage, when the skin is 
red, hot, and moist, soothing lotions — such as solutions of 
ozonized boroglyceride, borax, bicarbonate of soda, or powders 
of boracic acid, camphor, etc. — should be applied. 



330 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

In chronic cases the crusts must be removed by means of a 
lye poultice. Dermolia ointment or zinc ointment should then 
be applied. When the inflammation is going down, mild mer- 
curial ointments may be used. When there is much itching 
and the part is dry and scaly, ointments of tar, creosote, or car- 
bolic acid are useful. Soap and washing in water must be 
avoided in all cases of eczema. Cleansing may be carried out 
by washing with milk or weak gruel. 

ELDER BARK. — Sambucus nigra is a bactericide of in- 
trinsic value. The ozonized extract of the inner bark is of 
most therapeutic power and may be administered successfully 
whenever there be a germ in the blood, such as spyhilis, rheu- 
matism, erysipelas. It is, in addition to its microbicide proper- 
ties, an active diuretic and heart tonic; hence it is valuable in 
all dropsies, but especially those dependent upon cardiac and 
nephritic failure. 

Alternated with either digitalis or caflein, or both, its in- 
fluence or action is greatly prolonged. 

A decoction of the flowers make an excellent eye lotion in 
the different varieties of ophthalmia and a splendid application 
in erysipelatous inflammation, for it is destructive to all mi- 
croscopic life, hence the inflammatory condition subsides. 

An ointment prepared by simmering either the leaves or 
flowers of the elder in lard, deprived of its salt, is a most effi- 
cient germicide in all bacterial cutaneous affections and in 
chronic microbic ulcers. 

Bacteria of the skin will persist in very many cases after the 
initial cause has ceased to act. 

Even a tonic prepared from the berries is such an active bac- 
tericide that, if taken thrice daily, it kills the sarcinse ventriculi 
on the stomach. 

ELECTRICITY. — When properly regulated, not indis- 
criminately used, and of an intensity not excessive, is a valuable 
nerve stimulant and vitalizer. 

The forms of electricity that have been found useful in medi- 
cine are static, or franklinic electricity, which has an enormous 
voltage and a very high amperage; faradic electricity, whose 
voltage is lower and amperage low; and galvanic electricity, 
whose voltage is low and amperage somewhat higher. The 
negative spark is always the more irritating, and it should be 
used only on cloudy days, when it is difficult to obtain proper 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 331 

effects from the positive pole. When the patient is perfectly 
insulated and is given static electricity, nutrition is improved 
and pain relieved: It is especially soothing for those nervous, 
discomforting conditions which are so hard to reach by any 
ordinary medical means. If sparks are taken from the patient 
when in this condition, a wheal is often produced and also a 
lesion not unlike a flea-bite. 

The indirect spark, which is less irritating than the direct, 
should be used always except on damp days, when it is difficult 
to obtain the proper charge of electricity. The electric breeze, 
which is obtained from a charged machine by the use of a 
pointed electrode, is soothing for local irritation. In facial neu- 
ralgia, as well as other localized pains, it often gives excellent 
results, and often works well for such general conditions as 
insomnia. 

An interrupted electric current is of great service in electrical 
treatment. It causes contraction of the muscles, but the con- 
traction is painless as compared with the faradic current, and 
the effect is more diffuse. This current is very efficient in the 
treatment of such maladies as lumbago, sciatica and other neu- 
ralgias, as well as in chronic rheumatism. It has a specific 
analgesic effect, which makes it useful in most painful condi- 
tions. It has been used with marked success for ovarian pain, 
while stitches of pelvic pain of uncertain cause, and for which 
it has been difficult to obtain relief, are often completely over- 
come. It is far better than either the galvanic or the faradic 
current in such painful conditions of obscure origin. 

In general, electricity is good for most subacute or chronic 
conditions. Static electricity is not a cure-all, and should not 
be used indiscriminately; but, used with precision and judg- 
ment, it will relieve pain in a number of chronic affections. It 
must be used with judgment. 

The faradic apparatus produces excellent effect by the stimu- 
lation of atrophic muscles, and in general by its tonic effect on 
the surface of the body. Care should be taken, however, not 
to subject weakened muscles to prolonged tetanization by the 
faradic current. As a general rule, the best number of faradic 
impulses to allow to pass through a muscle per minute is about 
thirty. 

EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; BACILLUS INDICANS. 
— A thick, clotty condition of the blood, may be the result of 
malarial or other poisons, non-aeration of blood, defective ac- 



332 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tion of the liver, skin, congestion of lungs, and disease of supra- 
renal capsules. 

Incidental to this state, cause or effect, the bacillus indicans 
appears in the blood. 

Its recognition is usually easy, if there be blueness of the 
ears, nose, lips, nails, peculiar sensations about heart, fainting 
fits, etc. 

In a drop of the patient's blood, the bacillus can be seen in 
the form of very short rods, with rounded ends. 

They are round, ovoid, or spindle-shaped, and have charac- 
teristic granular margins, having a strong resemblance to the 
microbes of pneumonia and rhinoscleroma, both of which are 
capable of giving rise to the formation of indigo blue, and to 
indigotic fermentation. 

This microbe plays an important part, and determines the 
formation of indigo in various diseases. 

Indigo is a fermentative product due to the action of this 
microbe. 

The indigo-bacillus is pathogenic of various diseases, which 
are chiefly due to a non-aeration of the blood, bears cultivation 
well in blood-serum. Cultures injected into any animal give 
rise to embolism, hepatization of lungs, cardiac apoplexy, vis- 
ceral congestion, fibrinous exudation. 

This microbe is completely sterilized in the presence of liquor 
ammonia acetatis, in alternation with tincture of belladonna; 
peroxide of hydrogen in alternation with sulph. quinine ; comp. 
oxygen, ozone water and other bactericides. 



EMERGENCIES— HEMORRHAGES.— External hem- 
orrhage must be arrested by pressure, by tying a bandage 
around limb, and using torsion till medical aid is reached. 

Hemorrhage from the Nose. — Raise both arms above the 
head, apply cold — ice, if possible, to the nape of neck and over 
nose, and if necessary plug the nostrils with cotton saturated 
with vinegar. 

Hemorrhage from the Stomach. — A solution of common 
salt ; small pieces of ice ; gallic acid ; digitalis ; gelsemium. 

Hemorrhage from the Lungs. — A solution of common 
salt ; tincture of iron ; digitalis ; gallic acid ; solution of alum ; 
ice. 

Hemorrhage from the Bowels. — Turpentine ; sulphuric 
acid ; digitalis ; bayberry. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 333 

Hemorrhage from the Kidneys. — Heat to loins; gelse- 
mium in infusion of uva ursi ; gallic acid ; ergot ; if bladder is 
full of clots, wash it out. Give urotropin. 

Hemorrhage from the Uterus. — If it occurs during un- 
married life, from fright, shocks: Rest; elevation of pelvis 
and foot of bed, head low ; digitalis ; gallic acid ; turpentine and 
sulphuric acid ; no hot drinks or food ; perfect quiet. 

Hemorrhage Before Delivery. Rest in incumbent pos- 
ture, hips elevated, foot of bed raised, head low ; opium in al- 
ternation with the aletris wine; nothing hot, no excitement. 

Hemorrhage After Delivery. — Patient well bandaged 
from middle of thighs to above the navel; compress over 
uterus ; elevation of hips and foot of bed ; no excitement, noth- 
ing heating. If the contents of uterus are removed, there is 
not much likelihood of hemorrhage. If uterus has contracted 
on after-birth, or a portion of it, plug vagina with a sponge or 
sponges saturated with vinegar, which will excite contraction, 
and violent pain, and expulsion. Give uterine stimulants, as 
capsicum in warm milk; quinine; but avoid ergot, if possible. 
If uterus dilates sufficiently, remove after-birth, or clots, with 
fingers. Don't give the turpentine mixture till all has been re- 
moved ; then it is very useful. 

Hemorrhage in which the After-Birth is Over the 
Mouth of the Uterus, or Placenta Previa. — Plug the 
vagina with sponges; if that fails, dilate the neck, detach 
enough of the placenta to admit the hand, rupture membranes, 
seize the feet, and bring down, and hurry up delivery by in- 
ternal and local stimulants. There must be no wait or hesita- 
tion. 

Contusion, or Ecchymosis. — Arnica, marigold, muriate 
of ammonia, leeches. 

EMERGENCIES — WOUNDS. — Wounds of the 
Throat. — Arrest the flow of blood by pressure of the ligature. 

Wounds of the Chest. — Hemorrhage should be controlled 
by internal remedies. In some cases the intercostal arteries 
can be ligated. Wounds of the heart are not always fatal. 

Wounds of the Abdomen. — Generally either punctured or 
incised. If bleeding is profuse, tie the vessels, if they admit of 
it. If the intestines protrude, return them; and if the wound 
is not large enough for the purpose, enlarge it. If they are 
wounded, stitch them carefully up and return, carefully spong- 
ing away any blood or escaped feces. 

Wounds of liver, kidneys, bladder, are very fatal. 



334 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Wounds of the Perineum. — Hurried labor, want of sup- 
port, ignorant use of the forceps, ergot, and other causes, ren- 
der the perineum liable to be frequently torn or lacerated. As 
soon as the lochial discharge ceases, edges to be carefully pared 
and stitched up. 

Gunshot Wounds. — Must all be treated on general prin- 
ciples. The essential features are to rouse the patient from the 
state of collapse, control hemorrhage, and, when prostration is 
overcome, foreign bodies, particles of bone, pieces of clothing, 
bullets, splinters of wood, or other matter, are to be removed 
or extracted, and the wound treated on general principles, with 
antiseptic dressing. Patient kept well over on it to allow for- 
eign bodies, or morbid matter, to flow out by gravitation. 

Limbs Torn by Marching or Other Violence. — Tie 
strong handkerchief around sound part, and use torsion to pre- 
vent hemorrhage until surgeon arrives. 

In all accidents, arrest the hemorrhage before moving the 
patient. If unable to walk, some conveyance— a settee, or 
litter, or carriage, according to the nature of the case. 

The injured person should be taken to the nearest hospital, 
or house; clothes ripped up, so as to uncover them and ascer- 
tain the extent of the injury; all onlookers excluded. 

The great point is, if there is a wound, to arrest the flow of 
blood by compressing the limb above the injury sufficiently 
tight until a surgeon arrives. 

Foreign Bodies in the Air Passages. — Foreign bodies, as 
seeds, beans, fruit-stones, buttons, pins, coins, beads, marbles, 
pebbles, fish-bones, etc., may pass into the larnyx, trachea, and 
bronchi of children ; or vomited matter, pus from abscess, and 
other substances. 

The entrance of a foreign body from without usually takes 
place during a sudden, strong, deep inspiration. It at once 
causes violent spasmodic cough, difficulty of breathing, a sense 
of impending suffocation, or even immediate death. In a few 
minutes symptoms become less severe ; cough and difficulty of 
breathing return at intervals. If the body remains in the 
larynx, there will be harassing cough, of a suffocative char- 
acter ; loss of voice ; an inability to speak above a whisper ; pain 
in swallowing; tenderness; noisy, hissing respiration, with 
difficulty of breathing. If it descends into the trachea, it is 
seldom stationary, can sometimes be felt by the hand exter- 
nally to rise and fall ; the change in position gives rise to severe 
•spasmodic attacks of difficulty of breathing ; a flapping, valve- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 335 

like sound, owing to a foreign body being forced against the 
rima glottidis, in expiration. If the substance passes down 
the bronchial tubes, it fortunately takes to the right, directed 
"by the bronchial septum. Auscultation and percussion will 
reveal the point, whether the patient's lung is permeated by air. 
Bronchitis and pneumonia are now to be dreaded. 

Fluids may enter the larnyx, but they usually induce a sense 
-of choking, with convulsive cough, which causes their expul- 
sion; but if very abundant, as in drowning, they may cause 
death. 

Treatment. — If the body be at the entrance of the larnyx, 
or between the vocal cords, it may be seen, and seized with 
polypus forceps. This failing, place the child's head down- 
wards, and slap quickly and smartly on back. Emetics, lobelia, 
and snuffs should be tried. 

If the body remains in the larnyx, it should be at once 
opened, and the substance will probably be either ejected 
through the glottis or the artificial opening. If successful 
the opening should be stitched up, and strips of adhesive plaster 
applied between. 

Various other methods have been suggested, as the inhala- 
tion of chloroform, hanging patient up by feet, and slapping 
briskly on back. 

Foreign Bodies in Nose, such as peas, small shot, fre- 
quently occur in children. Excite sneezing, or use nasal 
douche, or, if possible, extract them with the forceps. 

Foreign Bodies in the Ear, such as grains of wheat, bar- 
ley; slate-pencil, seeds, insects, cause great irritation. 

Treatment. — In case of insects, fill the ear with olive oil, 
turning patient on sound side ; or with vinegar and salt in solu- 
tion, and plug with cotton-wool. Insects will be found usually 
on the plug. Other bodies must be removed by syringing out 
the ear twice daily with tepid water. 

Foreign Bodies in the Eyes, such as sand, cinders, broken 
eyelashes, which often lodge on one of the eyelids. In all cases 
they should be immediately removed, to prevent inflammation. 

Treatment. — Invert the eyelids, and remove the foreign body 
with a small camel's-hair brush, dipped in a solution of one 
•grain of chloride of gold to one ounce of water. 

Burns and Scalds. — Vinegar, lard, flour, and eggs are in 
every house. Put on flour, beat up in lard, thick, covering the 
burn half an inch. If vinegar is applied, kept constantly wet, 
white of eggs invaluable, and as soon as the carbolic acid mix- 



336 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ture can be procured, let it have the preference for a permanent 
dressing. 

Shock, or Collapse. — Artificial heat to feet, inside of 
thighs and arms; perfect- rest, recumbent posture; diffusible 
stimulants. If there is no reaction, artificial respiration ; cloths, 
wrung out of boiling water, over heart ; enemata of linseed tea, 
with spirits of turpentine; friction to entire surface; electricity. 

Sun-Stroke, in whatever form, is best treated by placing 
patient in recumbent posture, in a cool room, near an open win- 
dow ; removing his clothes, and keeping tepid water constantly 
applied to the entire body; bromide of ammonium and tepid 
water internally, and also by the rectum. Place the greatest 
reliance upon tepid water and ammonia ; warmer water, if skin 
is cold. 

Retention of Urine. — Hot hip-bath, with lobelia ; tincture 
of gelsemium internally; a poultice of hot, bruised, roasted 
onions to perineum ; the running of a stream from a narrow 
orifice; all failing, catheter. 

Dog- or Snake-Bite. — Apply firmly a ligature above the 
bitten part ; bathe it freely with very hot water and echinacea, if 
procurable. While so doing, chop a few red onions very fine ; 
then mix in some common salt, and bind an inch thick over the 
wound. A solution of muriate of ammonia answers better for 
a dressing, if at hand; if so, keep it constantly wet, and the 
solution as strong as it can be made; keep either applied till 
the physician arrives. If a snake-bite, don't wait, but begin 
administering half a tumbler of the best brandy or whisky 
that can be got, every five minutes, till the patient is perfectly 
drunk. 

Lightning. — Usually causes instant death by paralysis; 
when not immediate, the tissues may be charred, or simply the 
loss of speech, sight, hearing; or hemorrhage from mucous 
membrane, from eyes, ears, mouth, rectum. General prin- 
ciples, according to the condition of the patient. Burns treated 
like other burns ; collapse, by stimulants. 



EMERGENCIES— INSENSIBILITY FROM MANY 
CAUSES. — When an individual has been picked up on the 
road or street insensible, irrational, or inarticulate, and his 
antecedents unknown, what is the matter? Is he ill, drunk, 
drugged, or suffering from some brain concussion, or from 
coma after an epileptic fit, or otherwise ? 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 337 

Syncope, trance, catalepsy, coma, are names used by medical 
writers to designate states of insensibility, which the public call 
fits. 

Syncope is fainting, a condition of the body in which there 
is a death-like pallor, with loss of muscular power and con- 
sciousness; a faint is usually transitory, due to shock. In it 
the person collapses, rather than falls to the ground ; his knees 
are bent under him, he subsides into the sitting posture, his 
head drops forward, and by the time his head has thus sunk 
to the level of the heart, or below it, the circulation of the brain 
becomes sufficiently restored for consciousness to return. In a 
faint, a person seldom bruises his face. Upon waking, he may 
feel sick, giddy, or alarmed, but his brain resumes its thinking 
functions at once, and entirely. 

Recumbent posture on the right side, articles of dress loos- 
ened, dashing cold water on face and front of chest, cautious 
inhalation of ammonia, diffusible stimulants. 

Trance is a state of death-like faintness, in which some con- 
sciousness is retained, but inability to speak. In trance, the 
body appears inanimate, there is no power to move a muscle, 
the limbs are flexible ; he may hear, see, and remember all that 
goes on around him. There is no perceptible pulse or respira- 
tion; hence trance has been, and often is, mistaken for death, 
as the temperature is lowered ; muscles react to galvanic stim- 
ulus. There should be no hurried burial alive, or post-mortem, 
unless rigor mortis or signs of putrefaction be present. 

Treat same as collapse — artificial heat, enemata of turpen- 
tine, cups to both sides of entire spine, over abdomen ; and as 
soon as he can swallow, diffusible stimulants. 

Catalepsy, a rare inanimate condition ; insensible, stiff, un- 
able to move, or articulate ; pulse slow, respirations diminished ; 
extremities cold and flabby. He or she may be pinched, 
pricked, beat without flinching — statue-like, but perfect mute- 
ness. There is neither the lividity of asphyxia, nor the pallor 
and general flexibility of syncope, nor the stertor of coma, nor 
the paralysis of epilepsy, nor the movements and dreamy men- 
tal automatism of somnambulism. 

Treat same as Hysteria, or Anemia of Brain, Cord, and Gan- 
glionic Centre. 

Coma, or deep sleep, may be due to very many causes, as to 
pressure exercised upon the brain from effusion within the 
ventricles, and outside of the membranes; to alteration in the 
molecular state of brain from concussion, contusion, apoplec- 



338 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tic extravasation to brain-poisoning by insufficiently oxodized 
blood ; to uremic blood, narcotics, anesthetics, inebriants. 

It is impossible to give accurately positive land-marks for 
diagnosing each kind of coma. 

Profound Coma is present in serous effusion into the ventri- 
cles of the brain, such as arises from extensive burns, or from 
tubercular meningitis in later stages. Patient is first sleepy, 
then drowsy, then stupor, slow of comprehension, difficult to 
wake, and finally, incapable of being roused at all. The breath- 
ing is stertorous ; at first he can swallow, then he fails to do so ;. 
pupils are not characteristic, most frequently contracted, and 
then dilated. 

Coma, due to fracture or effusion of blood, as in sanguineous 
apoplexy, is sudden in its advent. The breathing is stertorous, 
pupils contracted, heat may be normal, skin perspires freely. 
In fracture of the skull, there is oozing of blood or serum from 
ear and nose; or there may be blueness, humidity, ecchymosis 
of the eye, neck. In apoplectic cases, face often turgid with 
blood. 

Coma, due to molecular death of a portion of the brain, the 
face is pale, heat lowered, pupils unequal, evidence of hemi- 
plegia, or some form of paralysis. 

Coma, due to some brain-poisoning, as deficiency of oxygen 
in pneumonia ; nitrous oxide gas ; the nose, lips, neck, face, and 
other parts, are livid, often black. 

If patient has breathed carbonic acid gas, say, from a lime- 
kiln, or sulphuretted hydrogen from some source, those two 
gases arrest the oxygen-carrying properties of the blood, and 
this blood-change, or damage, is not recoverable from brain- 
poisoning; and coma by anesthetics and inebriants is usually 
detectable by the breath of the comatose person. Apoplexy 
and dead-drunkenness are often mixed. 

In Brain-Poisoning, try artificial respiration, abundance of 
fresh air, cloths out of boiling water over heart ; enemata, say, 
one and a quarter pints of cold or warm water, with a table- 
spoonful of salt; cups to nape of neck; mustard to feet and 
hands ; free purgation, if he can swallow ; suppositories of nitro- 
glycerin. 

Uremic Coma is recognized by edema of eyelids, or extrem- 
ities; wax-like pallor, uriniferous odor of breath and skin, 
furred tongue, pearly conjunctiva, dilated pupils. 

Try warm bath, free purgation with salines, and hypodermic 
injections of pilocarpin. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 339 

Coma of an epileptic fit is usually recognized by the bruises, 
torn or soiled clothes ; indications, as if the tongue was bitten. 

Patient to be placed on right side, clothes loosened or re- 
moved; enemata of lobelia, capsicum, and valerian; or hypo- 
dermic injection of one- fourth of a grain of sulphate of mor- 
phia, if over seventeen years of age ; dashing cold water on the 
patient, of little service. 

EMPHYSEMA. — A term applied to the introduction of air, 
either into the areolar tissue or the lungs. 

Pulmonary emphysema is met with in one or other of two 
forms, lobular and vesicular, the former mechanical, generally 
due to some violent concussion of the chest or the lung, which 
produces a laceration and infiltration of the damaged structure 
by air; the latter to forced inspirations, the distention of a 
vesicle into the air sac, such as occurs in racing, hoisting, play- 
ing wind instruments. In addition to the incidental debility, 
with dyspnea, slowed pulse beat, lowered temperature, the dis- 
tention or infiltration can invariably be mapped out by percus- 
sion. 

When the emphysema is progressive, depending upon bron- 
chitis, asthma, degeneration and atrophy of lung tissue, the 
necessity for forced inspirations is increased by defect of ex- 
piratory power in the lung and chest, insufficient to empty the 
lungs of residual air, then toxemia is present. Nature, in- 
creased vitality, may cure the lobular form, otherwise it is irre- 
parable ; whereas, the vesicular is amenable to treatment. 

Euphorbia pil. has a marvelous vitalizing action upon the 
lungs, increases their capacity, their tonicity, their power of ex- 
pansion; diminishes the calibre of the air sacs, thus relieves 
the dyspnea and strengthens the action of the heart. It is either 
administered in fifteen-drop doses of the extract, or in a fifteen 
grain tablet; whether drops or tablets, it should be given in 
warm water at stated intervals. 

There is invariably a condition of constipation in emphy- 
sema; hence enemata of either an infusion of slippery elm or 
flaxseed should be administered once or more frequently daily, 
according to indications. After the contents of the rectum 
have passed, insert a kurchicin suppository, which with the 
greatest benefit can be repeated thrice a day. With such a sim- 
ple remedy, that priceless element, human life, can be preserved 
and prolonged with comfort. 

As a tonic in emphysema, matricaria comp. is by far trie best. 



34° The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ENTERITIS (Inflammation of the Bozvels) — Causes. — 
Indigestible food (especially in children), irritant poisons, al- 
coholic excesses, impacted feces, peritonitis, and intestinal ob- 
struction. It may be confined to several parts of the intestines, 
when, according to the situation, it is indicated by such terms 
as duodenitis, ileitis, colitis, and proctitis. 
■ In simple cases only the mucous membrance is inflamed ; in 
others, the whole thickness of the intestinal wall may be af- 
fected. 

Symptoms. — Vary according to part affected and the degree 
of inflammation present. In most cases, severe recurring at- 
tacks of colicky pains, tenderness on pressure, flatulent disten- 
tion of the abdomen, gurgling sounds, and diarrhea. The stools 
vary greatly, but blood is rarely present unless there be some 
ulceration. As a result of the intestinal conditions, the general 
health suffers, and there is fever, anemia, depression, loss of 
appetite, and progressive emaciation. When the duodenum 
is affected there may also be some jaundice. When the lower 
parts of the bowel are attacked there is usually much straining. 
When the disease becomes chronic, the chief symptoms are 
prolonged diarrhea and malnutrition. 

Treatment.— Light and unirritating diet; select Virginia 
stone crop, passiflora incarnata, gelsemium, for the acute symp- 
toms; then follow or alternate with the sulphocarbolates of 
zinc, soda, lime with concentrated ozone over the entire abdo- 
men, changed twice daily; mucilaginous drinks. 

Although this affection is regarded as a simple inflammation 
of the small intestine, nevertheless there is a microbe resem- 
bling the comma bacillus either elaborated in the bowels or 
gains access through the drink or air, for when the dejecta of 
all cases of enteritis are examined, with the most careful pre- 
cautions, there is always present a small but very active ba- 
cillus. 

In cultivation and inoculation experiments it behaves some- 
what differently from the micro-organism of diseased meat, 
and it is undoubtedly a species or a culture of the meat poison- 
ing; a culture of the bacterium coli commune of exceptional 
virulence and rapid growth; but much caution is needed in 
such conclusions, because the constant presence of this bac- 
terium, pathogenic to many diseases, makes it difficult to recog- 
nize other possible causes of disease in the intestinal contents. 

The presence of this germ accounts for the contagious and 
infectious nature of all cases of enteritis. During the summer 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 341 

months this affection is exceedingly common; sudden in their 
seizures, ushered in with rigors, fever, diarrhea, delirium and 
prostration. 

The following remedies met the anticipations of all physi- 
cians: One dram of Virginia stone crop, ten drops of the 
tincture of green root of gelsemium, and ten grains of resorcin ; 
mix. Taken in divided doses, so as to take the entire dose in 
three hours. Repeat, every three hours, until every vestige of 
inflammatory action ceases. Then follow with ozone water to 
prevent auto-intoxication or poisoning. 

To weak small intestines, chronic enteritis, can be traced 
much of that terrible gone feeling, so unusually common 
among our people, that feeling of prostration or auto-intoxica- 
tion from poisons of ptomains within the body. The follow- 
ing conclusions have been arrived at : Slowed peristalsis, from 
debility, gives rise to retention of cadaveric alkaloids which 
should be eliminated, excreted from putrefactive bacteria in 
the bowels. Disorders of digestion, anemia and other causes 
of enfeebled nutrition may thus, as well as disorders of the 
excretory organs, be indirect causes of auto-intoxication. 
Fatigue, fasting ,etc, produce diminished intestinal toxins, 
which, by allowing undue fermentation of the retained dejecta, 
may produce similar effects. Pathogenic microbes may, by the 
products of their growth in the body, produce auto-intoxication 
in another sense. 

Membranous Enteritis. — Numerous cases of this singular 
malady have come under the cognizance of the author within 
the last decade, namely, the passage of shreds, mucous casts, 
passed either at intervals or continuously with every mo- 
tion of the bowels. Females about the middle period 
of life, whose nervous systems are deranged or seriously broken 
down, are sufferers from this malady; also those who are suf- 
ferers from genital or intestinal disorders. The passage of 
this exfoliation in the form of either shreds or casts is usually 
paroxysmal, accompanied by a good deal of nervous disturb- 
ance, abdominal pain, tenderness, and often tenesmus. What- 
ever amount of abdominal pain there may be is usually relieved 
by the passage of the membrane. Everything associated with 
these cases pointed to a marked want of nutrition. As there is 
little literature to consult, few clinical cases, we must depend 
almost entirely on the cases as they present themselves. 

Presuming there is a microbic evolution, that its toxins 
seriously invaded the brain cells and produced much of the 



34 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

trouble, it is advisable in all cases to pursue a germicidal course, 
under which favorable recoveries are made. 

Every morning, immediately after breakfast, an enema, con- 
sisting of a pint of flaxseed infusion, to which one tablespoon- 
ful of Chian turpentine mistura was added, and thirty grains 
of c. p. resorcin. This was repeated before retiring at night. 
Internally, one teaspoonful of ambrosia orientalis was given 
before meals, and two hours after eating one dram of Virginia 
stone crop. Very nourishing diet, all of a soft, non-irritating 
character, was given. Rest in recumbent position. 

ENURESIS. — Incontinence of urine may be either di- 
urnal or nocturnal or both. Very common malady among 
children with a feeble organization, disappearing with puberty 
or the acquirement of good health: 

In the large percentage of cases there is an extreme irrita- 
bility of the spinal centres, which in itself, without any exces- 
sive secretion of urine, may give rise to it. 

From maldigestion, errors in diet, we generally find the 
urine loaded with uric acid and urates, often depositing the 
former ; occasionally an excess of oxalate of lime. Such urine 
is usually scanty, concentrated rather than copious, which indi- 
cates an error in the metabolic process, which may depend on 
some morbid action, diathesis, or faulty diet. Depreciated 
health, the index of disordered digestion; then follows a dis- 
turbance of assimilation, which is never primary, but the result 
of an altered state of the blood, which has its cause in the 
presence of some toxical substance, the proceeds of microbial 
action. 

In some cases of nocturnal enuresis the cause lies in the di- 
rect excretion of pathogenic bacteria by the way of the urine — ■ 
urine thus charged with living bacteria and their derivatives 
naturally irritate the bladder walls ; the spinal centre responds 
vigorously to the irritation. 

The etiology of enuresis is somewhat varied, but there al- 
ways lurks in the affected child the inherent weakness of or- 
ganization, either bordering on anemia, tuberculosis, or some 
neurosis, or displacement of the neck of the bladder. Invari- 
ably lithiasis, or irritation of the rectum from worms. 

Whatever may be the cause, there is a perfect innervation 
of the bladder sphincter. Sex exerts no influence on the 
pathological condition. 

"A most nutritious diet, daily bathing, followed by massage, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 343 

flannel clothing, seaside or country more invigorating than the 
sewage atmosphere of our modern cities — bladder well emptied 
before retiring. Ozonized uric acid solvent always ; then select 
either passiflora and gelsemium, or Virginia stone crop, and 
occasionally tinct. belladonna to cause a slight enlargement 
of the pupils and dryness of the throat. 

EPIDIDYMITIS. — A common sequel or complication of 
gonorrhea, occurring at any time during an attack, being due 
to a migration of the gonococci — in other cases, sexual ex- 
cesses, masturbation, congress with harlots, bicycle exercise, 
inebriation, may give rise to it. 

As a rule, the testis is spared in nearly all cases of inflamma- 
tion of the epididymis, which is generally the part of the organ 
affected ; usually one is attacked first, later on the other. 

The first indication is a dull pain in the scrotal region, drag- 
ging of the cord and in the loin ; pain in the groin, radiating to 
the pelvic cavity. By-and-by the testicle may soon assume the 
same condition ; when the pain becomes very distressing, even 
the tunica vaginalis may be involved. 

In epididymitis, the tendency is to effusion of plastic lymph 
in the interior of the canals, which gives rise to persistent in- 
duration, but with good treatment may gradually disappear, 
but if tampered with may give rise to sterility of one testis, or 
complete infecundity of both if both are affected, the spermatic 
fluid being destitute of spermatozoa. If there be induration, the 
passage of semen is prevented. 

Under all conditions, resolution takes place slowly ; that con- 
dition is generally favored by rest in the recumbent posture — 
by the administration of equal parts of the ozonized tincture 
of passiflora and gelsemium (green rad. tinct.) until their 
physiological action is observed, and then maintained by per- 
severing repeated doses for at least one week; secretion kept 
active, nutrition never neglected ; to the scrotum, guaiacol oint- 
ment, spread on lint or cotton, large enough to entirely cover,- 
spread fresh every three hours. By endosmosis, the guaiacol 
reaches the vital part, annihilates the gonococcus lodged there, 
excites absorption, promotes renewal of life. This is an un- 
discovered property in guaiacol, true a germicide, but also an 
active agent as a cell producer. Strapping the scrotum is a 
miserable expedient, never attended with good results. 

Chronic Epididymitis. — May be a sequel of an acute at- 
tack, or it may originate itself, per urethra, or arise from a mild: 



344 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

form of urethral inflammation, from masturbation, from im- 
perfect or abnormal coitus ; or in having congress with prosti- 
tutes, or with women the calibre of whose vagina is immense, 
or from a stricture. 

In the chronic form the epididymis becomes enlarged, thick- 
ened, hard, knotty, from the formation of fibrous tissue in it; 
the result of inflammation. The testes are tender, swollen, the 
cord is enlarged, there is effusion of serum in the tunica vagi- 
nalis. In old chronic cases the recently-formed fibrous tissue 
causes obliteration of the seminal tubules. Atrophy or wasting 
of the gland is the result. 

Effusion of lymph is more rare, and when it does occur it is 
very prone to terminate in suppuration and abscess. When this 
takes place, adhesions take place between the skin of the scro- 
tum and the tunica, and the pus is discharged. Occasionally the 
abscess bursts in the testicle, and is extravasated through its 
structure. Extremely bad results are liable to follow, which 
shows the imperative necessity of such cases being managed by 
skilled physicians. 

In all states or conditions, in all forms of inflammation, acute 
or chronic, affecting either a portion or a whole of the testes, 
success attends the exhibition of two remedies, namely : the 
green root tincture of gelsemium and the ozonized fluid extract 
passiflora incarnata. 

First of all have the bowels opened, enjoin rest and the 
recumbent posture, and administer these two drugs every half 
hour in average doses, persevering with them, giving all he 
can bear ; the lethal action of the gelsemium in the green tinc- 
ture is very feeble, still it must be guarded with care, whereas 
the passiflora can be given freely ; just enough of each to obtain 
their full physiological effects, until resolution is complete. If 
energetically administered, a short time is necessary. 

The action of these two drugs promptly affords resolution. 
It is a rule of practice that whenever any part of the body has 
suffered a partial death it is always weak, less vital; but it is 
marvelous to state that in inflammation of the testes, cared for 
by these remedies, resolution is perfect. 

Guaiacol salve, ozonized, is a remedy of great efficacy, when 
applied to either an indurated or enlarged testicle. 

EPHEMERAL FEVER.— A slight depression of the ner- 
vous system, with fever, in which the vital forces react, some- 
times in a day, at other times having a variable duration of 
from a few to ten days. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 345 

The cause is usually cold, wet, exposure, overwork, mental 
depression. 

The usual symptoms are, the patient is seized with lassitude 
and debility, nausea, want of appetite, chilliness, pain in head, 
back, and limbs. After a few hours rigors and a fever, high 
heat, frequent pulse and respirations, headache, thirst, consti- 
pation, dry skin, scanty urine, perhaps slight delirium; symp- 
toms aggravated at night. After a few days a remission ; crit- 
ical sweating or diarrhea. Convalescence often somewhat slow. 

It usually terminates in recovery. 

It is easily recognized by its cause, mildness, short duration, 
by its comon occurrence in children, persons of feeble vital 
force, and nursing women. 

Simply requires rest and a tonic course of treatment. 

EPIDEMIC. — Diseases which attack a large number of 
people in a place at the same time and then disappear. The 
cause varies with the epidemic, and in many cases is not well 
known. Predisposing causes are peculiar states of the climate 
or atmosphere, defective ventilation, overcrowding, impure 
water, unwholesome diet, starvation, want of cleanliness, and 
lack of attention to hygiene generally. Most epidemic diseases 
are also contagious. 

EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA.— An epidemic as well as a con- 
tagious and infectious disease, one that spreads with more ra- 
pidity than any other disease, hundreds being attacked almost 
simultaneously. It is, without doubt, highly contagious, and 
the opinion is gaining ground that the germ of the disease mul- 
tiplies in the air and not in the human body. 

Symptoms. — During former outbreaks of influenza the chief 
characteristic has been a severe catarrh of the nasal and bron- 
chial tracts, with a marked tendency to the development of 
bronchitis and pneumonia ; but in the later epidemics the nasal 
catarrh has not been so marked a symptom. 

The disease begins with fits of shivering, pains in the eyes, 
frontal headache, and muscular pains in the back and limbs. 
Fever now ensues, and the temperature rapidlv rises to 103 ° or 
104°, but falls as rapidly as it rises. The pains continue, and 
the patient becomes very weak and prostrated. Besides these 
common symptoms, there are others which are not so constant, 
s^me cases being marked by respiratory troubles, whilst in 
others nervous and abdominal symptoms predominate. Diar- 



346 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

rhea, jaundice, and abdominal pain are the chief digestive dis- 
turbances. Some cases get well in a few days, whilst others 
take a long time to get over the disease. Many cases are fol- 
lowed by pneumonia and pleurisy, and during the last epidemic 
pneumonia was the most frequent cause of death in the fatal 
cases. It has been noticed that mental impairment, suicide, and 
even insanity, is occasionally traceable to influenza. 

At the commencement of treatment rest in bed, diaphoretics, 
diuretics, open bowels — administer veratrum viride; if there 
"be great nasal irritation, paint repeatedly inside of the nostrils 
with jelly of violets. Much prostration, stimulants, nitro-glyc- 
«rin; bronchial complications, ammonia and passiflora. But 
the remedy to stand on from the beginning to the cure is the 
concentrated tincture of kurchicin. It is the only remedy cap- 
able of closing the career of this pathogenic microbe ; it is the 
only remedy to ward off complications and prolong life. The 
dose suitable to meet the inroads made by the germ should be 
sufficient to maintain gentle diaphoresis. 

Cardiac complications of influenza and cardiac influenza, 
there being a distinction between the two. Under the first 
heading are included peri-, endo-, and myo-carditis ; while the 
second includes a much more complicated series of alterations 
in the heart's action through its nervous apparatus. The car- 
diac rhythm is more or less altered, there being acceleration of 
the beats, equalization of both pauses, and both sounds come 
to resemble each other, a condition to which the term "embryo- 
cardia" has been given. Influenza would seem to be the dis- 
ease in which this is most frequently met with, and its prog- 
nosis is very grave. The pulse very often becomes irregular in 
every way; it is frequently intermittent. There may be an 
extreme degree of bradycardia, the pulsations having been 
found as low as fifteen to sixteen to the minute. On the other 
hand, a high degree of tachycardia has been noted by several 
observers. Extreme cardiac weakness, followed by syncope, 
is another frequent complication ; but the author more particu- 
larly draws attention to influenzal angina, which bears a 
marked resemblance to angina pectoris, with which, indeed, it 
is probably identical, being produced under the same condi- 
tions, and accompanied by the same symptoms. There may 
be the same pain preceded by a kind of aura and a feeling of 
constriction of the chest. The duration of these sensations is 
variable, for the most part lasting some time. The variability 
of these cardiac affections depends on whether the vagi, the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. . 347 

sympathetic, or intracardiac ganglia are affected, or they may 
.even depend on a bulbar origin. 

The indispensable necessity of treating all cases of epidemic 
•influenza by the concentrated tincture of kurchicin and crea- 
tinin so as to give tone and vitality to the heart is apparent. 

Considerable speculation exists as to the habitat of the in- 
fluenza microbe during the summer months, when the disease 
is seldom manifest. Extensive research shows that this germ 
is capable of existence for a long time in a dormant condition ; 
that they may remain in the system for months, without giving 
rise to any special symptoms, when all on a sudden it may loom 
up in a violent outbreak of the disease, either in the individual 
or in his associates, or in an epidemic form. 

The bacillus of epidemic influenza is very variable in size, 
mode of growth, and the action of its toxin; consequently its 
mode of seizure is often different. The large majority of cases 
commence with nasal and bronchial disturbance; others with 
great nervous depression, headache, languor, debility; some 
with loss of appetite; scanty, high-colored urine; distressing 
palpitation, difficult breathing, prostration and extremely copi- 
ous sweats. The sweats are often intractable and a condition of 
most profound neurasthenia and goneness, which persists in 
spite of our best remedies. Sweats, goneness and bronchial 
disturbance often alternate, one diminishing as the other in- 
creases. The toxin affects the nervous system in a most de- 
plorable manner, an utter chaos. 

Once I had a case of this description diagnosed. The follow- 
ing has been my method of treatment : Unload the liver, clear 
out the alimentary canal, and act efficiently on the skin by 
means of an alcoholic vapor bath, rigidly confining the patient 
to bed in his apartment, the temperature of which should be 
kept about 75 degrees F. 

I have the patient commence at once with the concentrated 
tincture of kurchicin in doses of from thirty to sixty drops 
every two Or three hours, according to the indications. 

This is undoubtedly the best, most effectual of all germi- 
cides to annihilate the germ, neutralize its toxin. 

If, from any cause, the stomach does not tolerate the rem- 
edy in a liquid form, administer it in suppository, one every 
two hours. 

In sections visited by this microbe, it would be well to have 
a stock of kurchicin on hand for emergencies. 

Epidemic Influenza (La Grippe). — Deficient ozone areas. 



348 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

meteorological, atmospheric disturbances, have given rise to the 
evolution of a microbe within those areas, which seizes upon 
and lodges in the weakened respiratory mucous membrane, en- 
ters the blood, produces great constitutional disturbance and 
morbid changes in that fluid. 

As far as our microscopical examinations have gone, to- 
gether with the various culture tests, the germ is found to be 
pathogenic of the disease, it bears culture well in any gelatinous 
fluid, which, when fed to rabbits, produces the original disease 
in all its virulence and malignity. 

The microbe belongs to the pneumococcus family, but is a 
compound conglomerated germ consisting essentially of the 
croupous bacterium pneumococcus, numerous forms of spo- 
radic germs, cocci, diplococci, short rods, mostly encapsulated. 
Its presence in the United States has increased the usual weekly 
mortality of all sections of our country. 

The electrical disturbances between the oxygen and nitrogen 
of the atmosphere give rise to pneumo-paresis, which is the 
great source of danger. 

The treatment in all cases should be the same as for pneu- 
monia — energetic — and persistent use of concentrated tincture 
of kurchicin, ozonized passiflora and echinacea alternated with 
sulphide of lime. 

EPILEPSY. — Epilepsy seizures are of recent years becom- 
ing extremely common, violent and prolonged. They consist 
of attacks of unconsciousness, with or without convulsions, and 
in a large number of cases the seizures are preceded by some 
peculiar sensation or aura. Abrupt loss of consciousness fol- 
lowed by tonic or clonic spasm. 

The localization of the diseased brain patch is not always, 
easy, as sufficient attention has not been paid to this subject. 
The initial commencement of the epileptic wave and the group 
of muscles implicated aid us much, together with the careful 
applications of the induced electrical current, in singling out 
the spot. 

The etiology of epilepsy is traceable in all cases to some 
weakened brain patch, acting upon which there is either some 
central irritation, as an exostosis or clot; or the toxin or 
ptomain of some disease germ in the blood ; or to irritation re- 
flected from some distant part of the body. Whichever of these 
three causes exist, there is to be added to all the microbe of 
neurasthenia, whose ptomain gives rise in itself to auto-intoxi- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 349 

cation, toxicity of the urine, a condition present in all epileptics 
as well as in the insane. 

Nine cases out of every ten originate either directly or indi- 
rectly in irritation of the genito-urinary organs ; consanguinity, 
either by blood or temperaments ; alcoholism, syphilis, mastur- 
bation or sexual excesses in parents, give rise to an epileptic 
or idiotic offspring. 

The great source of acquired epilepsy is masturbation and 
sexual excesses in both sexes. This is the goal toward which 
all who practice self-abuse and libertines are hastening, and one 
which is reached in a short space of time, when the will power 
is weakened or destroyed, or inadequate to put a stop to the 
practice. 

In the treatment and possible cure of epilepsy, we must fol- 
low the rules of common sense. During the seizure or fit, with 
muscular system contracted, rigid, with every conceivable form 
of contortions, foaming at the mouth, unconscious, patient's 
clothing should be loosened, and the patient placed in such a 
position on the right side that he or she should be protected 
from injury, and immediate measures taken to arouse him 
from the fit; the most available means should be resorted to, 
such as a hypodermic injection of a quarter of a grain of the 
sulphate of morphia into the subcutaneous tissue of either the 
nape of the neck or over the deltoid. A few drops of a one 
per cent solution of nitroglycerin will answer the same pur- 
pose. If neither are procurable, enemata of brandy with a few 
drops of spirits of turpentine. 

Once the seizure or fit is broken up, some remedy must be 
selected, and persistently administered, to diminish their in- 
tensity, abbreviate their length, with longer intervals between, 
or ward them off altogether. Our preference for this purpose 
are the ozonized extract of sumbul the cenanthe crocata and 
the cocain suppository. 

Little, very little good results from the exhibition of the 
bromide of potass or the simulo or solanum. 

It must be clearly borne in mind, that the suspension of the 
seizures does much good in savtnsr the vital forces, preventing 
exhaustion, and has a good mental influence on the patient, but 
is never curative. 

Pathology tells us most emrV>at ; ca11v that there is a brain 
patch which needs reconstruct 1 '^ a state of auto-intox ; cation 
from the toxins of a disease-T^^^p- eerm. 

The remedies, then, from wVch curative results a^° ^Main- 



350 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

able are the organic extracts or brain builders, especially the 
thyroid extract and c. p. solution of spermin ; these two, when 
administered orally, increase the appetite, promote digestion, 
augment strength, exhilarate and vitalize mental activity. As 
their results are visible in wiping out old age, so here in epi- 
lepsy they promote a renewal of life in brain tissue ; during their 
prolonged use the brain patch is repaired, besides adding to 
muscular strength and endurance. 

Epilepsy occurring during pregnancy is presumptive evi- 
dence of a latent diseased patch of the nerve centres, evoked 
into activity under the excitement of gestation, and ranks as a 
peripheral source of irritation. The treatment would be the 
same. 

Interspersed throughout the treatment of a case, light nu- 
tritious food, freedom from excitement, woolen clothing, cold 
shower baths, rain-like in character, friction or massage to the 
entire body. 

The use of germicides aids the cure materially, such as bro- 
mide of gold and arsenic; ferratin and arsenic, borax, citric acid, 
carbonate of soda. If the case is of long standing, and de- 
generative changes have made a great inroad, bromide of gold 
and arsenic orally and the cocain suppository are of unexcelled 
value. 

The nerve storm of epilepsy is no doubt often due to alco- 
holic conception, consanguineous marriages, habits, etc., as 32 
per cent of children the offspring of such being epileptic, so 
says vital statistics. 

First and second dentition, the evolution of puberty, are 
periods when it is most likely to put in an appearance. 

In the cure of the epileptoid groups of diseases, we have sev- 
eral remedies of rare value. 

The ozonized extract of sumbul administered persistently 
may arrest the seizures, but it requires the comp. kephalin gran- 
ules and protonuclein to effect a cure, to repair the brain lesion. 

CEnanthe crocata, a remedy of intrinsic value, but highly 
toxical, must be administered with great caution, beginning 
with one-drop doses added to water, every three hours, and in- 
creasing gradually to thirty or more until its physiological 
. action is obtained in an abrogation of the fits. 

Simulo tincture, prepared from the seeds oiCapparis coriacae, 
is quite extensively used in the treatment of chorea and epi- 
lepsy. Statistics of cases treated with simulo demonstrate it to 
be a much inferior drug to either sumbul or cenanthe crocata 
in warding off the fits. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 351 

Suppose we take up the entire range of vegetable remedies, 
ive can find none that equals passiflora in epilepsy — the ozonized 
preparation in a very large percentage of cases not only wards 
off the seizures, but in itself often becomes curative. 

In the present state of medical progress, we must in every 
case of epilepsy recognize a pathological condition seen only by 
the microscope, a patch of degeneration of the cerebral pulp, a 
central phrenal lesion, which may be either acted on by the 
toxin of some disease germ, or by some reflected irritation. 

It may be the toxin of either the bacillus of syphilis, or tu- 
bercle or amylobacta or typhoid or leprosy or some other — the 
appropriate antidote must be pushed. If there be some irrita- 
tion which can be reflected to the medulla oblongata, thence to 
the central lesion, as either a fistula, or masturbation or a para- 
site or any irritation whatever, it must be removed. 

There is, therefore, in epilepsy three things essential to com- 
plete recovery. 

The brain patch of molecular death must be repaired — all 
toxins must be neutralized — all sources of reflex irritation 
zviped out. 

Since the introduction of the antitoxin-serum craze, the in- 
jection of the ptomains of glandered horse serum, for a cure, 
forsooth, statistics state that epilepsy, cardiac and nephritic de- 
generation have been doubled. 

To repair the brain patch, there can be no doubt of the value 
of trepanning, if by some means it could be precisely located — 
of great efficacy independent of exostosis — very highly vital- 
ized remedies, such as protonuclein, ozonized thyroid extract, 
spermin, kephalin granules — assimilated under the influence 
of matricaria are excellent. 

To cleanse the blood of toxins, a special antidote to meet the 
peculiar bacterial poison, with ozone water, peroxide of hydro- 
gen, comp. oxygen. 

To suspend the impressibility of the medulla oblongata, the 
best combination is one of one part of the green root tincture 
of gelsemium and concentrated tincture of passiflora incarnata, 
which should in all cases be administered liberally in order to 
obtain a result. 

Our present method of treating all epileptic seizures must 
be enlarged, to meet the pathological condition of a disease 
much on the increase. 

Epilepsy and Paralysis Caused by tpIe Toxins of Dis- 
ease Germs. — All authorities admit that in epilepsy there is a 



35 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

molecular change or death in a patch of the brain, that the 
toxins of disease germs lodge there, blight for a time, nay, ob- 
literate the mental faculties, as is seen in the nerve storm or fit. 
with loss of sensibility, bereft of consciousness, volition, and 
for some time subsequently stupid, confused, exhausted. In 
all epileptics the brain invariably presents signs of degeneracy, 
want of tone as is visible in the pallor, atrophy, softening ; it is 
a malady, at once the slightest and direst, ranging from mere 
vertigo to apoplexy, paralysis, mania. 

Some very extraordinary results in the way of staving off the 
attacks or fits have attended the exhibition of the ozonized 
extract of sumbul in large doses, a teaspoonful every three 
hours. It relieves the gray matter of the brain of the irritation 
of the toxins, maintains an equilibrium, thus preventing the 
liability to sudden discharges of nerve force. 

Any toxin that irritates the nerve and brain structures, and 
provokes a nerve storm, followed by the stupor of exhaustion 
is damaging, and requires the constructive aid of passiflora 
and c. p. solution of spermin. 

To develop the nervous system, make it grow in the right 
direction; its physical structure must be protected from all 
violence, and so educated, that when its growth is completed 
the intellectual and moral faculties shall be the rulers, and the 
emotions and passions the servants of the higher faculties; 
there must be no strain, no friction — nerve food for brain and 
nerve action — no nerve storms nor tempests to waste and 
weaken mind and body and destroy the moral nature. To fill 
this gap administer ozonized thyroid extract, which, if used 
judiciously to individuals under twenty-one, prevents cerebral 
bankruptcy. 

Changes in the brain cortex are almost invariably present in 
epilepsy and in paralysis, and as a rule animal extracts, thyroid 
and spermin especially, do good work in epilepsy. 

An eminent physician in Indianapolis, Ind., has cured bad 
cases of epilepsy with cenanthe crocata, and administered the 
remedy in quite large doses. 

Use only the ozonized preparations in epilepsy and the result 
will be apparent. 

The majority of pathologists are of the opinion that general 
paralysis is due to degeneration of the brain and entire nervous 
system, brought about by the circulation of some toxical agent 
in its interstitial structure, the initial point of attack being in the 
nerve-cell bodies. To the toxins of some disease germ is at- 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 353 

tribnted the grave changes found throughout the entire nervous 
system. 

in all cases of paralysis it is always of utility to maintain 
two points of irritation at the nape of the neck on each side of 
the spinal cord at base of the brain by means of the old can- 
tharidal plaster. Simply irritation, no vesication, its applica- 
tion for a few hours twice a week will be sufficient ; it will un- 
doubtedly excite leucocytosis, but it almost invariably attracts 
the toxin from the weakened brain patch; it must be kept up 
for months, nay, years. New remedies, germicides, will have 
an opportunity to do their work. 

If it be possible to ascertain the toxin present, it will be a 
valuable aid to the selection of the proper remedy. If it be the 
toxin of syphilis, periodate aurum and comp. saxifraga; if it be 
the toxin of the microbe of neurasthenia, kephalin, avena and 
ozonized Phytolacca ; if it be the toxin of the bacillus of tubercle, 
glycerite of ozone is indicated. 

Effusion on the base of the brain, due to a clot, an effusion of 
serum, a mechanical condition, requires iodide of potass and 
periodate aurum. 

There is little doubt that general paralysis as well as ataxia 
are mainly dependent upon the toxin of syphilis. There is no 
doubt that either the cure or prevention of syphilis would be 
followed by a very general disappearance of paralysis. Stamp 
out syphilis and it would cease to exist. In countries in which 
there is no syphilis there is no paralysis. The true etiology of 
paralysis, its predominating factor is the toxin of this germ. 

Every man or woman who contracts syphilis is liable to have 
degeneration of the brain or spinal cord, the initial point of 
deposit of the toxin is some weakened part of the nervous sys- 
tem. 

EPISTAXIS. — Hemorrhage from the nostrils is often due 
to mechanical violence ; very common in patients of a plethoric 
habit, sanguine temperament ; in girls about puberty. 

In the adult, epistaxis is often a grave affection, pointing to 
disease of a serious character. It may be an indication of one 
or two diametrically opposite conditions; either plethora with 
a tendency to cerebral congestion and apoplexy, or to anemia 
and cachectic conditions, in which the blood is poor, watery, 
destitute of fibrin, its coagulation imperfect. 

In nearly all cases, nasal hemorrhage is preceded by head- 
ache, fullness in the head, ringing in the ears, contracted pupil 
and disordered vision. 



354 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Nasal hemorrhage, due to plethora or congestion, may to a 
limited extent be beneficial, relieving the volume o'f the blood 
from an excess. Even this must be guarded against by raising- 
the arms above the head ; by applying cold to the nape of the 
neck and root of nose. And if these do not quickly succeed a 
spray of peroxide of hydrogen or perchloride of iron, both by 
mouth and nostrils. If they fail, plug nostrils. 

Nasal hemorrhage in delicate, anemic or aged individuals, 
is a condition of much importance, often fatal, and requires 
such remedies as creatinin, thyroid extract and c. p. solution of 
spermin with rest, nutritious food, fresh air, sunlight. 

Nasal hemorrhages (vicarious) in young ladies at puberty 
and at all periods of life till forty-five years, uterine suppression 
from cold and mental shocks, etc., the comp. betin pill, thyroid 
extract, protonuclein, are unsurpassed in their action. 

Nasal hemorrhages due to the blood changes in scurvy, 
give chlorate of potassa in lime juice, and strophanthus. 

Due to the pathological condition in purpura, digitalis and 
ozone water. 

Nasal hemorrhages, a precursor of fevers, typhoid and 
typhus, toxins affecting the brain becoming rare as the treat- 
ment by intestinal microbicides is pushed, with abundance of 
fresh air. 

In organic cardiac, hepatic and nephritic affections, the nasal 
hemorrhages are always associated with a broken down condi- 
tion of the system. In these cases the application of ozonized 
turpentine over the region of the liver is usually effectual in 
arresting the hemorrhage ; a mixture of equal parts of alcohol, 
turpentine and nitric acid, mix carefully, a few drops in iced 
water occasionally, is an excellent hemostatic. Creatinin will 
do much for the heart; ozonized uric acid solvent is of great 
efficacy in kidney disease. 

Perhaps the most remarkable cases of epistaxis, which oc- 
curred in 1897, were those of a mohair factory in Connecticut, 
in which 500 female operatives had a daily attack from inhal- 
ing the dust together with the spores of anthrax from the im- 
ported wool. A spray of fifteen vol. sol. c. p. peroxide of hy- 
drogen relieved the condition. 

ERIGERON CANADENSE.— An annual, indigenous 
plant of North America. Common name, Fleabane. 

Therapeutical Uses. — A tonic, diuretic astringent. A vola- 
tile oil of the terebene species is distilled from the fresh, flow- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 355 

ering herb, which is an active hemostatic to the uterus and 
bronchial mucous membrane. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract, 30 to 60 drops ; of 
the oil, 5 to 8 drops on sugar, and repeat. 

The action of this oil resembles a mixture of equal parts of 
spirits of turpentine, alcohol and nitric acid, an instantaneous 
uterine astringent. 

ERUPTIVE FEVERS.— The principal diseases of this 
class have some features in common ; they are each due to the 
presence of a living germinal poison in the blood, which has a 
definite period of germination, called incubation; they are ac- 
companied with fever, which runs a precise course, are attended 
with an eruption, at which period the germ seeks the surface 
for oxygenation, where they either destroy the cuticle and peel 
off, or gather in colonies and form vesicles, pocks, or scabs; 
those changes are regular and definite — for the most part, 
the germ uses up in its own nutrition and growth certain ele- 
ments in the blood, which seldom if ever aggregate in that fluid 
again ; hence, as a general rule, the patient is subject through 
life to but one attack. 

They all arise from a special germ, whose progress can be in 
some measure arrested or cut short, their severity mitigated, 
modified and even abridged by proper remedies, thorough nurs- 
ing, and attention to certain rules. 

The diseases of this class are measles, rotheln, scarlatina, and 
smallpox. 

Disease, measles; germination, 10 to 14 days; eruption ap- 
pears, fourth day of fever ; eruption fades, seventh day of fever. 

Disease, scarlet fever ; germination, 4 to 8 days ; eruption ap- 
pears, second day of fever ; eruption fades, fifth day of fever. 

Disease, smallpox; germination, 12 days; eruption appears, 
third day of fever; eruption fades — scabs form on ninth day, 
fall off fourteenth to twenty-second da]/. 

If either of the above three forms of eruptive fevers is con- 
veyed from an opposite or antagonistic race of men, the germ 
takes on inordinate activity and malignancy. 

ERYSIPELAS. — A peculiar form of disease due to per- 
verted nutrition, malnutrition induced by deleterious food, 
sameness of diet, in which the evolution of a microbe takes 
place, which gives rise to both local and constitutional symp- 



356 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

toms. Usually one precedes the other, or they may appear 
simultaneously. 

The constitutional symptoms are rigors, derangement of the 
stomach and bowels ; pain in the head, back, calves of the legs ; 
lassitude, drowsiness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, tongue 
heavily coated with a heavy brown coat ; constipation, motions, 
if any, are very offensive ; urine albuminous, turbid, or saffron 
colored ; pulse full, oppressed or irregular. 

As a rule the microbe seeks the skin for free oxygen, and in 
doing so its toxin excites inflammation of a peculiar character, 
tense, burning, stinging, redness diffused throughout with a 
tendency to spread itself widely. As a rule the redness is not 
intense, either pale or rose colored, of a pale yellowish hue. 
Redness disappears on pressure, but immediately returns. 

Edema to some extent is always present; delirium if about 
the head or face. 

The speedies way to eradicate this microbe is to administer 
an emetic, open the bowels with some remedy to rouse up the 
action of the liver, and a vapor bath. 

To the skin apply cloths saturated with a warm solution of 
boroglycerid, covering over with oiled skin or some imperme- 
able covering. Internally, select a good microbicide and ad- 
minister faithfully; select one or other of the following: ozo- 
nized glycerite of sulphur, matricaria. 

Creosote, both internally and locally, is inimical to the mi- 
crococci of erysipelas. The mistura creosote with negative 
ozone is unsurpassed internally, under it the tongue cleans, and 
all the symptoms subside ; locally, add one ounce of the mixture 
to one quart of water; saturate cloths with this solution and 
apply over the erysipelas blush. Keep it constantly covered and 
always wet. It can be added to slippery elm powdered, and 
made into a poultice and applied, and renewed every three 
hours, strength regulated according to the virulence of the at- 
tack. The germicidal properties of the remedy are immense, 
not only in the complete destruction of the germ, but in abro- 
gating all tendency to suppuration. 

As a sedative in erysipelas, give passfliora incarnata in large 
doses, and alternate with comp. tincture of matricaria. 

Rest, nutritious diet, avoidance of all insanitary conditions. 

ETHER. — Sulphuric ether. A colorless, volatile, inflam- 
mable liquid, with a characteristic odor, which is obtained by 
acting upon alcohol with sulphuric acid and then purifying. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 357 

Ether is used as a local anesthetic, particularly in carrying out 
small operations. It is applied by means of a spray, which is 
directed on the part. The rapid evaporation which ensues 
freezes the part, and makes it insensible to pain. Taken inter- 
nally, it is stimulant, antispasmodic, and relieves flatulency. 
It is useful in bronchitic asthma, particularly when given in the 
form of Hoffman's anodyne. When inhaled it acts as a general 
anesthetic, like chloroform. It is safer than chloroform, but 
is more unpleasant to take, causes great lividity of the face, 
often some bronchial irritation, and is more liable to be fol- 
lowed by vomiting. 

EUCALYPTUS. — A tree which grows luxuriantly in Aus- 
tralia. There are two varieties, the blue- and red-gum — the 
Eucalyptus globules and the Eucalyptus ro stratus. 

Therapeutical Uses. — In all its pharmaceutical forms it is a 
powerful bactericide, sterilizing and destroying disease germs. 
Its properties have not been so greatly valued, as a germicide, 
as they should be. 

Administered in large doses it paralyzes the medulla, lowers 
heat, and slows the pulse by its microbicide properties; in- 
creases the excretion of urea. The red gum has been found 
valuable as an astringent, especially in throat affections. 

Preparations and Doses. — Eucalyptus oil, a distillate of the 
fresh leaves, good for inhalation, in phthisis, scarlet fever, and 
diphtheria ; an ozonized distillation destroys the gonococcus of 
gonorrhea. Fluid extract, from 30 to 60 drops. Syrups, 
bougies, pessaries, lozenges, etc., are all prepared: the honey 
is also used. 

A distillation from the fresh leaves, ozonized. Dose : Add 
one fluidounce to four fluidounces of water. For external use 
only. In gonorrhea, used as an injection after urinating, or 
three times a day; for leukorrhea, use an injection by fountain 
syringe, morning and night ; for ophthalmia, keep a cloth con- 
stantly wet with it, loosely applied to the eye. An energetic 
agent, to destroy the germs of gonorrhea and leukorrhea. It 
not only destroys the germ, the factor of gonorrhea, but its 
use before a suspicious connection acts as a prophylactic. In 
the various forms of purulent or gonorrheal ophthalmia, it 
completely kills the bacteria or gonococcus present. 

EUPHORBIA PILULIFERA IN ASTHMA.— This is 
one of the safest and most efficacious remedies in the relief of 



358 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

asthma. Every physician who prescribes it finds it successful 
in relieving the paroxysm and in inducing sleep. No drug 
has given such satisfactory results, being a safe remedy the 
afflicted individual can use it with perfect freedom. It not 
only relieves the spasm of asthma, but it induces tranquil, re- 
freshing sleep without any objectionable after affects. Its pro- 
longed use never gives rise to a habit, and on this account it is 
a most desirable drug. 

The administration of euphorbia pil. in asthma is of vast im- 
portance ( I ) in breaking up the spasm, ( 2 ) in obtaining sleep, 
thus saving unimpaired the vitality of the affected. The drug 
occasionally causes sickness ; although disagreeable to the taste, 
it can be administered in simple elixir and its pungent flavor 
disguised. 

Easy breathing, diminished respiration, tranquil sleep are 
to be obtained from its use. No doubt a large amount of the 
drug is excreted by the lungs, and its vapor exercises a narcotic 
influence on the terminations of the sensory nerves in the lungs 
while it is being expired. 

One can readily understand that by its double action of in- 
ducing sleep and preventing pulmonary spasm euphorbia has 
such a powerful effect for good in asthma. 

EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY.— Every pregnancy is 
the result of the impregnation of the ovum of the female by 
the spermatozoa of the male, and the normal place for the devel- 
opment of the impregnated ovum is the cavity of the uterus, 
while the channel through which the ovum must pass from 
the ovary in order to gain the uterine cavity is the Fallopian 
tube. The tube is specially fitted to be the cannel for the re- 
ception and transit of the ovum. The delicate plications of its 
mucous membranes are seen best when floated under water, 
forms one of the lightest and most ethereal of resting places, 
while the innumerable cilia of its epithelium, waving always 
towards the uterus, tend to sweep the ovum onwards and out- 
wards. These plications, with their waving cilia, are not con- 
fined to the tube itself, but are continued over their fimbriated 
extremity, into the peritoneal cavity to the ovary itself. 

Ovarian fimbria are remarkably full, broad — a complete ap- 
paratus for the direction of the ovum — marked and ceaseless 
from the ovary to the tube. No fixed place where impregnation 
occurs — anywhere during its descent, whether in tube or uterus 
it is possible for conception to take place. Normal impregna- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 359 

tion occurs only in the uterus — fertilization in the uterus. The 
ciliated lining of the Fallopian tube prevents the spermatozoa 
from entering. Fructification, the union of the ovum with the 
spermatozoa, may retard a movement. 

EXTRACTS (Animal). — The ozonized glycerated extract 
of the peptic glands of the stomach ; pancreatin the active prin- 
ciple from the sweetbreads. The former a good digestive 
agent, the latter the emulsifier of oleaginous products. The 
ozonized extract of the thyroid gland of the lamb, a promoter 
of growth of every tissue in the body, and the c. p. solution of 
spermin, the breat vitalizer of our race, are reliable remedies; 
but we must admit, after careful and extensive clinical tests, 
that all others are worthless. 

All animal extracts must be administered orally, never sub- 
cutaneously. Undoubtedly one of the greatest professional 
blunders of the present age is the hypodermic injection of these 
extracts into the cellular tissue of the body. Take spermin as an 
example, injected subcutaneously, it is a violent irritant, whereas 
if administered orally, with two doses of thyroid extract 
weekly, it is the great reconstructor of vital force — a stimulant 
and builder of all the tissues of the entire body — that which 
gives the snap, the push, the energy and ambition. 

The growth, vigor, even the prosperity of our nation depends 
entirely upon spermin, the most precious substance in animated 
nature ; if it be drained off, effeminacy, neurasthenia, cowardice 
are the result. 

Spermin in the male, ovarin in the female, identical chemi- 
cally, is produced and circulated in the body of every individual, 
and is a most important factor in the healthy performance of 
every organ ; neither life nor vitality without it. 

In speaking of the c. p. solution of spermin prepared from the 
testicle juice of the bull, as a vitalizing agent in both health and 
disease; in the former its use renders the vital forces of the 
body impregnable to all disease germs; they may find an in- 
gress, but there is no growth ; in the latter, its use is not limited 
to any special disease, being of utility in every deviation from 
health. It is a reconstructive in all diseases, indispensable and 
necessary to aid the vital forces to recovery. 

As a constructive agent, spermin is of the greatest efficacy 
as a remedy in all exhausted states; imparting strength, de- 
creasing nervousness. 

It is a most important medicament in all diseases, and espe- 



360 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

daily those in which the oxidizing power of the blood and 
nervous system is impaired. 

EYE, THE. — The eye has good defensive arrangements, a 
natural formidable barrier to the ingress and advance of the 
bacillus of tubercle and syphilis. 

The natural fluids of the eye are inimical to and hinder the 
growth of the micro-organism, the connective tissue cells are 
unfavorable to them, besides the phagocytic destruction of the 
bacilli by the leukocytes. 

True, in an intense tubercular diathesis the germ localizes 
itself upon the conjunctiva, but even there the nidus is unfav- 
orable for growth and reproduction, so multiplication is ar- 
rested. The eye, therefore, possesses an immunity to both of 
the leading microbes. 

Removing all insanitary states there would be little, if any, 
tubercular ophthalmia or syphilitic iritis, for both germs are 
incapable or reproducing themselves by aerial infection. 

Different, indeed, is the mouth in tuberculosis, syphilis and 
cancer. A perfect breeding pond, its secretions, if the microbes 
be present, expectorated on pavements or floors, sputum dries, 
germ liberates, gets freely blown about and comes in contact 
with other people's tissue. It cannot reach them in an active 
state. The infectious agent becomes harmless in the presence 
of nature's disinfectant, light and air, oxygen being the chief 
agent inimical to microbic growth. 

No medical agent has demonstrated itself of such boundless 
efficacy in the effectual cure of all eye and mouth diseases as 
comp. saxifraga, alternated with either quinine or comp. kur- 
chicin. As an eye lotion, chloride of sodium ; as a mouth wash, 
solution of chlorate of carbon. 

In hereditary tuberculosis, syphilis, cancer, where either 
germ is transmitted by either or both parents to the offspring, 
either at the date of conception by sperm or germ transmission, 
or through the placenta, the periodate aurum completely anni- 
hilates it. 

Eyes Damaged. — Masturbation is destructive to vision, al- 
cohol equally so, deteriorates the brain and mental capacity; 
nicotine as well as all acro-narcotic drugs are injurious to the 
eyes, also the indiscriminate use of quinine. 

The wearing: of tight neckwear injures the eyes from a 
slowed circulation. 

Excessive use of the eyes in study, in crowded school-rooms, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 361 

with an atmosphere reeking with bacteria, is productive of 
ophthalmia. Nets in windows and veils are destructive to* 
vision, most objectionable; the dotted texture plays a part, in 
embarrassing vision to an appreciable degree. 

The brain of man does not see well through the optical in- 
strument, the eye, when its finer mechanism is blunted by any 
of the coal-tar derivatives, such as antipyrin, phenacetin. 
Brown- and dark-colored eyes are most susceptible of injury, 
as they are much weaker than blue or gray eyes. The lighter 
the pupil blue and gray, the greater is the tension which the 
eyes will sustain. 

Bathe all damaged eyes with a hot solution of boroglycerid. 
This is a safe remedy, and can be entrusted to the nurse — it 
vitalizes, contracts the blood-vessels in and about the eye, 
strengthens the tissues, washes away all germ secretion, pro- 
motes a healthy reparative process, relieves the leading symp- 
toms, whatever they may be. In the entire materia medica no 
remedy in essential efficacy can compare with passiflora in- 
carnata in the improvement of vision — a prolonged course of 
a few months works wonders. Kephalin ranks next best as an 
eye tonic. 



FAINTING, OR SYNCOPE.— A sudden partial or complete 
loss of consciousness. The immediate cause is a diminution in 
the amount of blood going to the brain, and this naturally de- 
pends, in the majority of cases, on a diminished action of the 
heart. Nervous, circulatory, and respiratory functions either 
cease or are greatly lessened in strength. Fainting arises from 
sudden mental shock, severe pain, loss of blood — in fact, any- 
thing which lowers the vitality of the system. Just before the 
fit there is a sensation of tingling in the extremities, noises in 
the ears, a blurring of the sight, and a general deadening of the 
senses. There is loss of control over the muscles, and the pa- 
tient falls to the ground. When due to brain disease, cardiac 
disease, or in old and feeble people, death may occur from 
syncope, but in most cases the fainting soon passes off*. 

Treatment. — The patient should be placed on his back with 
his head lower than his feet, his dress opened at the neck, am- 
monia applied to the nostrils, cold water thrown over his face 
and neck, and, if possible, given him to drink in sips. 

Glonoin, either on the tongue or by suppository, is our best 
remedy to arouse the patient. 



362 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

FASHIONS IN MEDICINE.— Vaccination is a fashion to 
which the medical world tends. We naturally ask, Has it been 
a prophylactic in variola? Has it been productive of good? 
Has it rendered the action of the micrococcus less virulent ? or 
in any way mitigated its destructive action upon the blood and 
tissues? Can we demonstrate or even assert that it has eaten 
up the pabulum in the blood upon which the microbe subsists? 
Has the deadly, fearful scourge been lessened ? Most assuredly 
not. Variola is neither modified, mitigated, nor its fatality less, 
these 220 years. Pause, look at its inner workings, and we are 
led to say, that it is the greatest curse ever imposed upon the 
human race ; it has been productive of more disease, crime, sui- 
cidal mania, vital deterioration and premature death than any 
empiricism in medicine. 

Vaccination from cultures of the pathogenic microbe, the 
venereal bacillus, has been extensively tried, and in every case 
the most disastrous results have been engendered. 

Inoculation, for rabies, with minimized attenuations of the 
bacillus of hydrophobia, taken from the spinal juice in close 
proximity to the medulla oblongata of a victim of the microbe, 
is simply a delusion of a vitiated intellect of a man who loves to 
keep close by the public crib. 

The next proposal is inoculation with cultures of the tuber- 
cular bacilli, as a prophylactic against tuberculosis. Let us 
pause, hesitate before such a measure, or any proposed exten- 
sion of inoculation for a disease, — the product of neurasthenia 
or impaired vital force. 

Then comes the glandered horse serum for diphtheria — the 
serum of the ass and goats' blood-serum for mental lethargy, 
exceedingly fashionable. If you have an ache, a pain from in- 
testinal toxins, from eating canned food, it is very highly fash- 
ionable to have your appendix removed. 

We do not endorse inoculation methods ; there is something 
filthy in it ; something degrading ; nay, derogatory to the very 
essence of humanity. There is no resisting power in it; it 
affords no immunity against the disintegration of vital force, 
or the evolution or ingress of a microbe. 

We advocate the administration of bactericides in all dis- 
eases, either by the skin, bronchial mucous membrane, mouth or 
rectum. If we have a bactericide like the glycerite of ozone, 
guaiacol, etc., which will augment vital force, and at the same 
time sterilize or destroy the microbe, the factor of morbid ac- 
tion, then that is the remedy demanded. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 363 

FATTY HEART. — General obesity, clue to excess of eat- 
ing and drinking, is usually associated with gout, in which the 
adipose tissue is deposited on the heart muscle, whereas when 
due to other chronic poisoning, or to the toxins of typhoid or 
puerperal fever, fatty degeneration of the muscle is the rule. 

The efficacy of the ozonized succus or juice of the ripe Phy- 
tolacca berry, slightly touched by frost to temper its asperity, 
is attested by all careful observers, in doses of from two to fif- 
teen drops, in all cases of fatty heart. A safe reliable remedy 
for the removal of fat. Bowels and kidneys must be kept ac- 
tive, the former with kola-nut paste, the latter with sulphate 
spartein : sulphate of spartein ten grains, water two ounces, 
mix. Three- or four-ounce drop doses at stated intervals. 

Caffein and creatinin are two of the best heart strengtheners ; 
brace it up ; promote its nutrition. They in all cases should be 
administered in alternation with phytolacca berry juice. 

There must be an avoidance of all amylaceous and saccha- 
rine substances in diet; alcohol, wines, beer, tea, tobacco are 
forbidden. 

If any other remedies are indicated, try comp. matricaria, a 
heart tonic of inestimable value, one that acts upon respiration, 
digestion and assimilation. 

FERRATIX. — Annualized iron, extracted from the liver of 
the calf, prepared under the most careful antiseptic precautions 
and only in tablet form, when administered exhibits in a most 
remarkable degree the antiseptic function of the liver, pos- 
sessing germicidal and neutralizing properties. It is an anti- 
toxin ; administered in chlorosis and pernicious anemia, it kills 
the poison by transforming it and eliminates it from the body. 

Animalized iron is a vitalizing remedy, absorbed promptly 
and most effective in aiding the reconstruction of the blood. 
Probably the best effects are visible in chlorosis, a morbid con- 
dition peculiar to woman, but its occurrence among neurotic 
males, with effeminate cachexia, is common. The blood in 
these cases indicates anemia in which hemoglobin is diminished ; 
the most brilliant results are obtained by the use of ferratin, 
which is promptly absorbed. 

Myopic vision, common in all our large schools and tene- 
ments, often due to sewer gas, eye-strain in gaslight and burn- 
ing lights in sleeping apartments, masturbation, auto-intoxica- 
tion from toxins in constipation give rise to myopic eyes ; often 
due to anemia, the outcome of overlactation or albuminuria. In 



364 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

all such cases for the removal of cause, administer kola-nut 
paste for defective peristalsis and give ferratin to vitalize blood 
and optic nerve. 

Animalized iron isolated from the liver of the calf — a food 
product, an article of nutrition. 

Ferratin is found in both the animal, vegetable and mineral 
kingdom, but that extracted from the calf's liver has immense 
bactericide properties, which neither the vegetable nor mineral 
ferratin possesses. Besides it completely antidotes the sul- 
phuretted hydrogen generated in the intestines. 

The essential property of animalized iron or ferratin is its 
remarkable faculty in increasing both the red and white cor- 
puscles of the blood ; in strengthening them so much as to repel 
the ingress of all disease germs. 

Animal ferratin agrees well with patients, no matter what 
may be the trouble, never a symptom of digestive trouble, that 
necessitates a suspension of the remedy; it is essentially a re- 
constructive and curative agent; increases the appetite, which 
is always precarious and capricious in anemic patients. 

It is a remedy of intrinsic value, indicated in all debilitated 
states of the body, but especially in anemia and chlorosis, in 
which the red corpuscles are diminished. 

It is well for the profession to understand, that the physio- 
logical properties of animalized ferratin cannot be replaced by 
any other preparations of iron, either mineral or vegetable, 
and they will be disappointed in its use, unless they prescribe 
the genuine. 

A very eminent practitioner says that his experience in the 
use of ferratin is : "That it increases the secretion of the di- 
gestive fluid, relieves congestion of the mucous membrane of 
the stomach and bowels, and restores the assimilative functions 
to a normal condition, being thus a remedy for indigestion and 
malnutrition.' ' 

One excellent feature of ferratin is that it agrees well with all 
patients, without exception. Its exhibition changes and reno- 
vates the blood and improves the general health. 

FETATION (Extrauterine) . — Pregnancy out side of the 
uterus. Withdrawal to prevent conception. The relation be- 
tween the unnatural pregnancy and the unnatural coitus is not 
a mere coincidence. The very frequent occurrence of extra- 
uterine fetation at the present time, is the definite result of the 
adoption of certain means to prevent conception. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 365 

There is a distinct relation of cause and effect between the 
unnatural coitus and unnatural pregnancy. 

Warn individuals of the serious risks they run when they 
seek to avoid parental responsibility. The practive involves 
most disastrous results to the male as well as the female. 

FETICIDE. — The moral atmosphere of the American fe- 
male is tainted by a variety of causes, habits, association, system 
of living; laziness, amusements, and literature. The latter 
especially is exercising a baneful influence on her ; our modern 
periodicals and dime novels, the press, that great engine of 
thought, progress and vitality, sways a corrupt, reckless, and 
unscrupulous influence, and aids her demoralization by adver- 
tisements, and otherwise ; nay, may be regarded as irreverent, 
offensive, and profane ; an eating ulcer in the female economy 
— fostering a state of things, that is sapping the very vitals of 
our country — one of the most serious and sinister symptoms 
of general national decadence. Married women trying to es- 
cape the cares and responsibilities of mothers, betokens a seri- 
ous derangement in the body politic, and more so when the 
entire force of female character is permeated with this one 
idea, and our clergy powerless to stem this current of national 
crime. The number of abortions committed in our large cities 
is enormous ; the uninitiated can have no conception of the im- 
mensity and gigantic proportions of the crime. Out of the 
eighty thousand so-called physicians in our country, one-half, 
at least, are either open or concealed abortionists. There is no 
crime so common as feticide; even some druggists and herb 
dealers could not maintain an existence but by selling drugs 
to procure abortion. The crime prevails largely, and enters like 
an eating worm into every condition of society and threatens 
our very existence as a nation. The abortionists are plying 
their fearful calling with frightful activity, and measures 
should be taken to arrest it. Our people should be instructed 
regarding the sanctity of ante-natal life, and the fact that there 
is no distinction in the turpitude of the crime of the destruction 
of ante-natal, or post-natal existence. The induction of crim- 
inal abortion should be made a capital crime, and any one who 
knows of its commission made accessory to it. 

The induction of abortion is only legitimate when the life of 
the mother is imperiled by a continuance of pregnancy; that 
the emptying of the uterus presents itself as the only alter- 
native to save her. 



366 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Abortion is the most terrible calamity that can befall a preg- 
nant woman, and it is doubly worse when brought about by 
malpractice; the number of morbid conditions that follow it 
are beyond all calculation. The following may be enumerated 
as a few results that are likely to follow : It gives rise to a 
habit which nothing can overcome; it causes painful sitting, 
painful sexual connection, intrauterine catarrh, catarrh of the 
neck, falling of the womb, neuralgia of the ovaries, nerve-ex- 
haustion, aching kidney, irritable bladder, ulceration of the 
uterus, cancer. 

FEVER. — This term is applied to any diseased condition 
characterized by undue elevation of temperature. The normal 
temperature of the body is 98.4 degrees F., but even in health 
there is a daily variation of from 1 degree F. to 1,5 degrees F., 
the temperature being higher towards evening and lower in 
the morning. Very slight variations also occur, due to food, 
physical exercise, the surrounding temperature, etc. 

Heat is produced in the body by the oxidation of the tissues 
and food, which is concomitant with all forms of bodily ac- 
tivity. Heat is most largely produced in the muscles and the 
liver. Heat is lost constantly by the excretions, by the lungs 
in expired air, and largely by evaporation and radiation from 
the surface of the body. 

Both of these processes — those of heat production and heat 
loss — are under the control of the nervous system, and the state 
of equilibrium between them represents the normal body tem- 
perature. When this equilibrium is upset or disturbed, the 
temperature rises and fever is the result. 

If the temperature be below 101 degrees the fever is slight, 
above 104 degrees is severe, and above 106 degrees it is very 
•dangerous, and is known as hyperpyrexia. In all fevers cer- 
tain symptoms are always present. The skin is hot, dry, harsh, 
and pungent, but in some cases there may be profuse prespira- 
tion. Headache, giddiness, restlessness, want of sleep, and de- 
lirium are common nervous phenomena. 

The pulse and respirations are increased in quickness. The 
tongue is coated, the mouth dry, there is great thirst, loss of 
appetite, nausea, and constipation. The urine is scanty, and 
high-colored. General emaciation occurs in proportion to the 
fever. A rigor or chill usually ushers in the rise of tempera- 
ture. 

These usually begin with a precursory stage — lasting some 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 367 

days of nerve depression, pain in the head, back, and limbs ; a 
coated tongue, loss of appetite; arrested secretions, with lan- 
guor; subsequently a chill, or rigor; then fever, lassitude, de- 
bility, headache ; quick, hard, full pulse ; increased respiration, 
nausea, vomiting, giddiness on attempting to sit up or get up, 
urine scanty, bowels constipated. 

The duration of the fever will depend on the poisonous char- 
acter of the ptomain and the skill of the physician in annihilat- 
ing the germ and neutralizing the ptomains. 

The entire nervous system is irritable from the presence of 
these bodies and must be soothed by the administration of either 
tincture of aconite, veratrum viride, belladonna or passiflora 
incarnata, alternated with bactericides to kill the germ and neu- 
tralize the ptomains. These remedies must be aided with rest, 
bathing, liquid diet, destruction of disease germs in the apart- 
ment by disinfectants, after which, by degrees, the heat, pulse, 
and respirations decline, the skin becomes moist, the tongue 
cleans, the appetite and strength improve, and the patient be- 
comes convalescent. 

The various types of fever are simply the outcome of various 
disease germs and their ptomains. 

When a fever continues for some time without change it is 
said to be continuous. When the fever drops almost to the 
normal temperature and then rises again, it is said to be remit- 
tent. When in the intervals the temperature drops to normal 
the fever is said to be intermittent, as in ague. Fever is said to 
he asthenic, or adynamic, when there is great weakness with a 
comparative slight increase of temperature. Inflammatory fever 
accompanies acute inflammations. A specific fever is due to 
the presence within the body of a specific poison, as in scarlet 
fever and other zymotic diseases. 

FISTULA. — A deep, long, and sinuous ulcer, which often 
forms a connection between the exterior of the body and some 
internal part, such as the lower bowel. Such fistulas are said 
to be complete. When they end in a cul de sac they are said to 
l>e blind or incomplete. The most common is that known as 
fistula in ano. It arises from the formation of an abscess in 
the neighborhood of the lower bowel, and the bursting of this 
abscess either externally, into the bowel, or both. There is 
usually great pain, which is greatly increased during defeca- 
tion. There is also discharge of purulent matter, and some- 
times blood. 



368 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Fistula in Ano. — A fistulous tube, lined by a false mem- 
brane, which is loaded with microbes communicating with the 
bowel and parts external to the anus. 

Three varieties, blind internal within, opening in the rectum, 
but none external to the anus ; blind external, no opening outside 
on the nates, but one inside the bowel ; complete, when the fis- 
tula runs clear into the bowel. In the three forms bacteria are 
abundant. 

1. In all cases, under all conditions, heal it up. Select some 
of the following methods of treatment : Ligation and gradual 
compression are used. Injection, favorite method as it meets 
the pathology as follows : First wash out the fistula with a 5. 
per cent solution of peroxide of hydrogen. Then inject a 95 
per cent solution of carbolic acid and an equal quantity of a 
10 per cent solution of cocain. Draw twenty to twenty-five 
minims in the syringe. Push the needle to the depth of the 
fistula, and then inject slowly as you withdraw the needle. 
Within two hours inject a solution of equal parts of oil of 
eucalyptus and glycerin, and the operation is finished. Keep 
patient quiet forty-eight hours. 

2. Another very excellent method : Take of each, carbolic 
acid and glycerin, three drams ; sperm oil, half a dram. Mix. 
Heat to 300 degrees F., and evaporate to four drams. Use the 
same as thus directed. Open bowels with large dose of castor 
oil. After evacuation, wash out rectum with saturated solution 
of boroglycerid. Then place patient upon his arms and knees 
on a chair seat, clean out sinus, put one finger in the rectum 
over the opening in the bowel (if there is one), then fill the 
sinus with the solution as the instrument is withdrawn; press 
down the piston of syringes when removed that it will be full, 
put finger on external opening for a few minutes. Lock up 
bowels for over a week by administering one grain of opium 
every four hours. If there is the least doubt of this procedure, 
inject sinus the following morning in the same manner without 
finger being in the rectum. 

The rules of sound practice are, under all and every possible 
condition, to obliterate the fistula. The following methods are 
worthy of the attention of our readers, as both rectum and fis- 
tula are literally loaded with microbes of all descriptions. 

3. Before retiring for the night, cleanse out the rectum, 
using a fountain syringe, with a warm solution of ozonized 
boroglycerid. When the entire contents of the bowel have 
passed, insert one or two jequirity crayons; repeat this every 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 369 

night for one week. In 95 per cent of cases so treated, an effu- 
sion of plastic lymph will be thrown out sufficient to block up 
the fistulous opening. 

4. If this method fails, then try : Wash out the bowels after 
the cathartic has acted ; still further cleanse the rectum as in 
No. 3 ; then take a small piece of ozone paste, thicken it with 
flour, roll it out in the shape of a pipe-stem, pass a linen thread 
lengthwise through it, make its size or calibre just sufficient to 
pass through the fistula; then fasten the end of the thread in 
the eye of a blunt probe, passing this through the fistula into 
the rectum, bending the probe, bringing it out at the anus. 
Then tie the two ends of the thread externally on the nates, 
leaving the thread coated with the ozone paste in the fistulous 
opening. Usually if this is permitted to remain twenty-four 
hours, sufficient plastic lymph will be effused to completely 
close the aperture. This can be aided by inserting a krameria 
suppository every two hours. 

5. If these methods fail, cleanse out the bowels as above, also 
the fistula, and inject into it a mixture of 25 minims of carbolic 
acid and one grain of eucain. Push the needle of the hypo- 
dermic syringe to the depth of the fistula, and inject slowly as 
you withdraw the needle, placing finger on orifice. Keep 
patient quiet in bed for forty-eight hours, inserting a krameria 
suppository every three hours. If there be the least doubt as 
to its efficacy, it can be repeated in twenty-four hours. 

6. The insertion of several guaiacol suppositories daily often 
cause effusion of plastic lymph sufficient to effect a cure. 

These methods merit the serious consideration of all con- 
scientious physicians, before cogitating upon either ligating or 
crushing or cutting the intervening tissue between the fistula 
and the sphincter muscle of the rectum. 

Fistula, Salivary. — This is usually the result of a wound 
opening into the salivary duct. The saliva escapes by the 
sinus. 

All these are curable by operation, but they require skillful 
treatment, and are often very tedious. They are not dangerous, 
out the worry, pain, and protracted discharges may produce a 
breakdown of the constitution. 

Fistula in Urethra. — If a stricture is not absorbed, it will 
give rise to irritation of the urethra and gleety discharge. The 
obstruction rebounds upon the prostate, and causes chronic en- 
largement of that gland ; besides, in bad cases, a drop of urine 
is liable to lodge behind the stricture, and excite irritation, in- 



3/0 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

flammation, ulceration, and ultimately an opening or fistula,, 
through which the urine flows or drops when the patient uri- 
nates. 

The best method of treatment, patient under an anesthetic,, 
is to carefully dissect out the fistulous tract ; then forcibly intro- 
duce through the stricture into the bladder a No. 12 silver 
catheter, and retain ; stitch up the wound, and by the time it has 
healed — eight or nine days — stricture will have entirely sup- 
purated. 

Fistula, Vesico- Vaginal. — A fistulous opening from the 
bladder into the vagina. 

Its common cause is the use of instruments during delivery, 
especially if the bladder has not been emptied. A full or dis- 
tended bladder, with hurried labor, or with a bad presentation, 
or a crooked or deformed pelvis, may also give rise to it; and 
various other like conditions. It is often caused by ladies 
attempting to commit abortion on themselves by knitting- 
needles, whalebones. The dribbling of the urine through the 
orifice, night and day, gives rise to irritation, rawness of the 
vagina, and renders the patient very miserable, and an object of 
great distress. 

It should be treated by getting her into as good health as 
possible, and then stitching it up; placing her upon her arms 
and knees, head down, parts well exposed by two crow-bill 
speculums, a catheter in the bladder. The edges of the fistula 
should be well pared, and then stitched up with lead-wire 
sutures; patient put to bed, and a catheter kept constantly in 
the bladder. All cases are successful. 

Fistula, Recto- Vaginal. — This may originate from a lac- 
eration of the perineum, which extends back through the 
sphincter muscle of the rectum, which has been stitched up, but 
left an opening between the vagina and rectum ; or it may have 
arisen from chancre in the vagina perforating through, or from 
stricture of the lower bowel, foreign bodies ; from the introduc- 
tion of knitting-needles, whalebones, to induce miscarriage; 
and like conditions. 

It is easily recognized by the passage of gas, liquid, or solid 
feces into the vagina. If very small, and in doubt, empty the 
bowels from above with castor oil; after it has operated, put 
patient on her back, knees drawn up, and a crow-bill speculum 
into the front part of the vagina; have a good light, and the 
index finger into the bowel, and examine it all over for an 
orifice. Thev are seldom high up, and by bulging the rectum 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 371 

with the finger, can be easily seen. If very small, so that a pea 
would penetrate through, it can be closed up without an opera- 
tion if carefully managed. Every second or third day for five 
or six weeks it can be touched with nitric acid; that is, the 
edges of the fistula and a little beyond ; after it is raw, it will 
begin and throw out granulations that will effectually block up 
the orifice. It takes time and care, and while it is going on, the 
patient must keep bowels very soluble and free from gas, by 
eating a proper diet. If it fails, or if the opening is large, it 
should be stitched up. Patient's bowels having been well 
cleansed out, placed under chloroform on her back, a crow-bill 
speculum should be inserted, and the part exposed to a good 
light; its edges should be freely pared, so as to have a good 
raw surface. If the sore is round, like a three-cent silver piece, 
it has to be lengthened slightly, to prevent puckering when the 
stitches are introduced; then sewed up with lead sutures; and 
the sphincter muscle on both sides of the coccyx must be di- 
vided, so that the patient can have no control of the bowels, that 
gas and solid matter may pass without disturbing the fistula; 
bowels locked up for ten days with opium ; and kept perfectly 
quiet in bed for two weeks. If the patient is strong and vigor- 
ous, all may go well ; the cut sphincter may unite ; if it does not, 
the patient is a miserable object all her future life, not being 
able to hold or have control over her bowels. The original 
fistula, however, unites perfectly, unless there has been some 
bungling in the paring of the edges or application of the 
stitches. 

To obviate the cutting of the sphincter muscle of the rectum, 
tubes have been tried, with partial success. 

In all cases the best of nourishment should be given, so that 
a high standard of health be maintained. 

FORMALIN (Chemically Pure).— Formaldehyd(C.H 2 .0) 

a gaseous body, prepared by subjecting methyl alcohol 
to oxidization. It is readily absorbed by and mixes with 
water in all proportions. One part added to 40 of water 
makes what is termed a 40 per cent solution, one tablespoonful 
of which, added to a quart of water, makes a powerful germi- 
cide, disinfectant and deodorant, an efficient sterilizer of in- 
fected tissue. 

One ounce of formalin to four ounces of water is a grand 
formula for spraying the atmosphere of a room in which are 
domiciled patients suffering from microbic diseases (contagious 



372 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

and infectious), such as whooping-cough, eruptive fevers, ca- 
tarrh, ozena, chronic bronchitis, diphtheria, fevers, hay asthma, 
and it might be used slightly stronger in a steam atomizer for 
inhalation in pulmonary affections, sore throat and diphtheria. 
It has a most extraordinary microbicide power in keeping the 
atmosphere free from all germs. 

When pure, undiluted formalin is painted on a chancre, it 
gives considerable pain, but one application wipes it completely 
out, and it is healed. 

C. p. formalin applied to the skin exerts a kind of tanning 
or hardening effect, making the skin impermeable, and painting 
it twice daily for a few days brings about its necrosis — it pene- 
trates deeply if applied in cancerous tumors or infiltrations and 
effectively destroys them; no suppuration whatever following 
its use. 

The efficacy of the action of formalin in lupus, epithelium of 
the eyelids, lips, tongue, nipple, breast, uterus, etc., is simply 
marvelous. It is working wonders in the cure of cancer, com- 
pletely necroses the coccidial parasites; it has a most remark- 
able action on the development, relationship and intimate struc- 
ture of carcinoma — epithelial and glandular — it cuts clean, and 
in carcinoma of the neck of the uterus it is highly prized. 
Corns, moles, disease growths generally, all disappear when it 
is used. The mode of application in all cases is the gradual 
destruction of the growth by repeated applications. For cleans- 
ing and disinfecting instruments; injecting phagedenic cavi- 
ties, abscesses, gangrene, etc., it is unexcelled. The watery so- 
lution of formalin, one tablespoonful to the quart is sufficient. 
The same placed in deep plates or saucers, six or eight will keep 
an ordinary sized apartment sweet and free from microscopic 
life for a week, when it must be renewed. Its antibacterial 
properties are immense. 

For embalming and the preservation of anatomical specimens 
it is exceedingly valuable. Besides rendering them indestruc- 
tible, it hardens, maintains the normal color and translucency 
of the tissues. 

For the preservation of the dead, either for embalming or 
dissection purposes, maintaining a life-like color, such a formula 
as the following is unrivaled : Formalin, six parts ; chloride of 
sodium, one part ; sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesium, of 
each, two parts. Mix. 

We would urge upon the profession a general use of forma- 
lin, and we would suggest that they keep it already prepared in 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 373 

their offices. To those who are desirous of using it, we would 
suggest such a mixture as the following : Make a half gallon 
saturated solution of ozonized boroglycerid, add to that four 
ounces of the concentrated tincture of echinacea, a dram of 
thymol and the same quantity of menthol, with one ounce each 
of the essence of wintergreen and pine needles, adding one 
pound of formaldehyd ; our readers will find this of surpassing 
efficacy for adding to lotions in cutaneous diseases. 

As a prophylactic and cure of whooping-cough, croup, bron- 
chitis, simply spraying the room every three hours. 

For the immediate eradication and cure of all cutaneous dis- 
eases of animal and vegetable origin, as psoriasis, lepra, tinea, 
etc., it has no equal. 

Excellent to apply in bites and stings of insects. 

Another addition to every physician's office is formal-gelatin 
for dusting on all wounds, after the indications of treatment are 
fulfilled, on all sores, ulcers and abrasions. The moment this 
is applied, it yields its formaldehyd to the living tissues, and 
produces instantaneous cicatrization of the wound, hermetically 
sealing it by the formation of an eschar. 

Formalin must never be administered internally, not even in 
a diluted form. 

Although invaluable in disease on account of its antibac- 
terial, non-toxic, non-corrosive properties ; although it cannot 
be detected by either taste or smell, it should never be used as a 
food preservative, nor for preserving wines, beer, fruit juices, 
milk, cream, meat, fish, catsup, vinegar, pickles. 

The internal use of formalin causes atrophy of the optic 
nerve — irreparable blindness. 



FOUL OR FETID BREATH.— This arises from a variety 
of causes, disorders of the salivary glands, digestive disturb- 
ances, decaying teeth, nasal catarrh, torpid liver. 

In inertia of the salivary glands of the mouth with fetor, use 
a mouth wash of a solution of chlorate of carbon before and 
after meals, which kills the bacteria in the oral cavity. 

If it arises from gastric catarrh, the toxins of the sarcina ven- 
triculi, administer one siegesbeckie tablet dissolved in water 
after eating, which will clear the stomach of all germs and ren- 
der the breath sweet. 

If from the teeth, it usually comes from a cavity in which 
food lodges, decomposes and suffers microbic evolution, which 



3/4 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

is ruinous to health, deleterious to all in close proximity. Re- 
moval or filling at once should be resorted to. 

If from torpid liver, the emanations from the tonsils are 
most offensive. Administer three to five grains periodate 
aurum every evening for a few weeks. 

If from nasal catarrh, it is usually atrophic, considerable dry- 
ness and hawking, the ameba cling closely to the mucous mem- 
brane decomposing, evolving deadly toxins in the posterior 
nares, and giving rise to a bad species of auto-intoxication. A 
douche of ozone et chlorine, if properly applied, has a marvel- 
ous action in obliterating catarrh of the respiratory membranes. 
Apply it well and only once, follow every evening with a spray 
of peroxide of hydrogen, mix with an equal portion of water. 
Excellent to destroy odors, clear the parts of germs. Resorcin, 
jelly of violets will also be found of great service. 

FRACTURE. — By the term fracture is meant a break of 
bone. 

Causes. — There may be a predisposition in the bones to give 
way, owing to disease, as atrophy, softening or excessive brit- 
tleness of bone, due to an abscess or excess of certain constitu- 
ents. The exciting causes are either mechanical violence or 
muscular action. Mechanical violence may be direct or indi- 
rect ; direct when the bone gives way at the point to which the 
violence has been applied; indirect, when the bone gives way 
between two opposing forces. Muscular action is rarely a 
cause, unless the bones are either weak or diseased. 

Varieties. — Fractures are divided into simple and compound 
— simple when there is no laceration of the skin or soft parts ; 
compound when the bone has protruded through the skin. Sim- 
ple fractures are divided into classes as follows : transverse, 
when the bone is broken clean across ; oblique, when broke in an 
oblique direction ; longitudinal when slit up in its length ; com- 
minuted, when broke into small fragments. Compound frac- 
tures are more dangerous than the simple because the force or 
violence necessary to cause a bone to force its way through the 
skin gives rise to a greater shock ; because there is more danger 
of a laceration of nerves and blood-vessels ; and because, under 
the tedious process of healing of broken bone, with ulceration 
of soft parts, the patient's vital forces may give out. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of fracture are essentially three : 
Deformity, such as bending, shortening and twisting of the in- 
jured limb ; preternatural mobility, one end moving indepen- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 2>75 

dently of the other; crepitus, a grating noise, heard and felt 
when the broken ends are rubbed against each other. In addi- 
tion to those three essential symptoms, there may be pain, heat, 
redness, swelling, ecchymosis, helplessness, twitching, spasm of 
the muscles. 

Treatment. — The treatment is very simple, and embraces 
four indications, which, if properly carried out, patient in good 
health, no blood taint, or disease, will insure a good union of 
broken bone. 

Before attending to those four points, the patient must be 
carried to his home, or hospital, on a stretcher, or ambulance, 
with both legs tied together at knee and ankle ; or, if an arm, 
tied to the body, so that there be no chance of the broken bone 
being thrust through the skin. When home, the bed on which 
he is to rest should be made as level as possible; the patient 
laid upon it, undressed and examined, and well washed. 

i. The limb must be placed in such a position as will relax 
the principal muscles that cause displacement. 

2. The fracture must be set; that is, the broken parts must 
be adjusted in their natural position. For this purpose the 
upper end of the limb must be held firmly by an assistant ; the 
lower is extended, or firmly but gradually and gently drawn in 
such a direction as to restore the limb to its proper length and 
shape, carefully manipulating any fragments with the fingers 
into their proper position. If necessary to overcome pain or 
spasm, chloroform should be administered. 

3. If it does not interfere with the dressing, the limb should 
be bandaged from extremity up, so as to confine muscles and 
prevent them from disturbing the fracture. 

4. It is always necessary to use some mechanical contrivance 
to keep the limb its proper length and shape, to keep the two 
broken ends in perfect apposition, and prevent all motion or 
movement. 

There are various contrivances and appliances, embracing 
splints, pads, sandbags, starch and plaster of Paris rollers, par- 
affin molds, adhesive strips, for each respective fracture. 

If vitality is good, no syphilis, nor mercury, nor tubercle, 
nor cancer-germ in blood; if the bones are in perfect apposi- 
tion, no pain, and a very high standard of health maintained, 
the broken bones might become cemented together without any 
swelling, or lymph-callus being present — a perfect union by 
first intention ; but more frequently they unite in the following 
manner : 



376 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Repair of Bone. — When the vital forces of the patient 
rally from the shock of the accident, nature begins to throw 
out lymph from the broken ends of the bone, the periosteum, 
and surrounding textures. She continues this process for a 
week or ten days. This lymph embraces the two ends of the 
bone and adjacent parts. When nature has completed the effu- 
sion, she begins next a process of absorption and consolidation 
of this lymph, which gradually grows less and less, firmer, and 
more substantial, so that in ordinary cases, at the end of six 
weeks, the patient may get about, with care; and at the end of 
four and a half months more this lymph is all absorbed, the two 
ends of the bone perfectly united, even as strong as the original 
bone. The technical term for that lymph, from its first effusion 
to its ultimate absorption, is a provisional callus. It is supposed 
that that lymph is first converted into fibrous tissue, and gradu- 
ally into bone. The time of absorption and consolidation varies 
with the age, vitality, and fitness of dressing, apposition, rest, 
good nourishment, freedom from worry, etc. There are some 
bones when broken that do not unite by bone except in rare 
cases, such as all flat bones, like the skull, the neck of the thigh- 
bone, the heads of bones in joints, or bones covered by the 
synovial membrane, or lining of joints. There are numerous 
reasons for these not uniting, as they cannot be kept in appo- 
sition, or contact, or at rest; there is no structure present to 
form a provisional callus. This is a wise provision of nature, 
for if bony matter was thrown out in joints, their mobility 
would be entirely destroyed. The shafts of the long bones are 
where perfect union can be best obtained and with exactness. 

Non-union and False Joint. — A perfect union of the 
broken ends of two bones may not take place by bone, but by 
ligament, or not at all ; the ends of the bones become smoothed 
off, and false joint forms. 

This is liable to occur from a defect in the dressing; from 
irritability and restlessness of the patient ; from age ; debility ; 
albuminuria; or from the presence of disease germs in the 
blood, as tuberculse, syphilis, cancer ; or to the poison of mer- 
cury; or if the patient is pregnant, or a fever comes on; or if 
there is disease in other parts; or if there is an inadequate 
nerve-supply, meagre diet, insanitary surroundings, stimulants 
that deprave the blood ; from pain in the fracture. No fracture 
can unite by bone if pain is present. Drugs are very liable to 
cause it, especiallv iodide of potass. 

Treatment. — Should union not occur in the regular period, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 377 

the best plan is to apply the paraffin dressing, which is soft, 
firm, and will keep the parts at perfect rest and perfect appo- 
sition, and in no way impede the circulation, like plaster of 
Paris or the starch roller. Should this not succeed, after six 
or eight weeks' trial, make an effort to remove the cause, if pos- 
sible, and get the health restored. Then there are various 
methods of procedure, which have the same object in view, 
namely, causing a determination of blood to the part, a mole- 
cular excitement, a true hyperemia. This may be done by the 
two poles of a battery, applied daily ; by the irritating plaster 
over the part ; by rubbing the ends of the bones against each 
other; or the fractured ends could be cut down upon, their 
ends sawed off, and treated as a compound fracture. In other 
cases holes are drilled in the bone; ivory pegs, setons, etc., 
everything calculated to cause a determination of blood to the 
part. 

The constitutional treatment is of the greatest importance- 
Debility must be overcome, with good food, tonics; and it is 
well to see to food that contains bone, as oatmeal porridge and 
cream, boiled fish, and even administer lime-water in milk. 

Compound Fracture. — A fracture with a wound, or lacera- 
tion, through which the bone has penetrated. The greater vio- 
lence necessary to cause this form of fracture gives rise to more 
danger from the shock, from the danger of tearing nerves and 
blood-vessels, fever, tetanus, and the long process of suppura- 
tion incidental to such injuries. If principal nerves or arteries 
are torn or bruised, or other grave injuries present that would 
render repair impossible, amputation may be required; and 
divers other conditions present that render this class of injuries 
at all times serious. 

Treatment. — If it is decided to save the limb, then the rough 
or splintered broken ends must be sawn off, and the fracture 
set like a simple one, and an effort made by plugging the wound 
with a piece of sponge saturated with carbolic acid and olive 
oil, to hermetically seal the wound up, and make it a simple one. 
The object in view is to destroy all micro-organism; coagulate 
the tissues. In 80 per cent of all cases this will be success- 
ful if wound is thoroughly cleansed of clots, dirt, by washing- 
it out with an antiseptic wash. 

FRANCISCA. — Manaca, or the plant, Francisca unfflora, 
native of Brazil. 

Therapeutical Action. — A powerful, energetic bactericide^. 



3/8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

completely annihilates the bacillus amylobacta of rheumatism 
and of syphilis ; does good work in lepra and psoriasis. 

Preparations and Doses. — Ozonized fluid extract, in doses of 
from 10 to 20 drops. Great care is requisite to so manipulate 
it as to obtain splendid results. 

FRECKLES. — Small yellowish-brown spots which appear 
on the faces (and exposed parts) of fair-complexioned people 
or people exposed much to the weather. Very little can be done 
to remove them. A lotion of olive oil and lime-water in equal 
parts, to which a little ammonia has been added, has been 
recommended; and still more efficient remedies are lotion of 
either lemon juice or lactic acid, or the sixteen-vol. peroxide of 
hydrogen. 

FUCUS VESICULOSUS. — Sea-wrack, or sea-weed, algae. 

Therapeutical Uses. — Contains a large percentage of iodine 
combined with the salts of potassa and soda, its chemical con- 
stituents being chiefly iodine and ozone from nature's labora- 
tory — the one from the sea, the other from the atmosphere. 
The vitalizing properties of each render it a remedy of ines- 
timable value as an alterative. 

If the fluid extract is prepared from good, fresh sea-weed, 
dried under cover, it is one of the best alteratives, and has a re- 
markable affinity to strip off fatty tissue, and cause a reduction 
of the weight of the body. 

Dose : Ozonized fluid extract, 1 to 2 drams. 

GALACTAGOGUE. — Any remedy that increases or favors 
the secretion and flow of milk. From the earliest period the 
profession has had to depend chiefly upon malt extracts and the 
castor-oil plant, the leaves applied to the breast and the oil given 
orally. More recently the ozonized thyroid extract of the lamb 
has superseded all other remedies, and demonstrated itself to 
be the best and most efficient of all galactagogues. Its use starts 
the flow of milk ; if in any way deficient increases it immensely. 
The best method of administration is to add one ounce of the 
thyroid to four ounces of sherry wine, of which a few drops 
should be given daily. . For nursing mothers, independent of its 
prompt action in increasing the lacteal secretion, it is a remedy 
of priceless value not only to the mother but to the child; it 
prevents and cures myxedema in the mother ; it is a prophylac- 
tic against idiocy, feeble-mindedness ; all congenital defects 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 379 

in the child and all deviations from the normal whether they 
be physical or mental. Protomtclein also is invaluable as 
well as all malt extracts. 

GALLIC ACID. — An important vegetable acid obtained 
from galls and which is also present in a large number of other 
astringent plants. It is the source from which pyrogallic acid 
— so largely used in photograph) 7 — is obtained. In medicine 
it is largely used as an astringent, in doses of from 2 to 20 
grains, to check hemorrhages, discharges, etc. It is used ex- 
ternally as glycerin of gallic acid (1 to 4 of glycerin). In its 
properties it is practically identical with tannic acid. 

GALLS. — Excrescences of the oak tree (Quercus hisuanica) 
caused by the punctures and deposited ova of Cynips gallae tinc- 
torae. From galls a tincture and an ointment are obtained, as 
well as gallic acid. The ointment is largely used as an astrin- 
gent in the treatment of piles. 

GALLSTONES. — The chemical composition of the human 
bile : water, 850 parts ; bile salts, 91 ; fat, 9; cholesterin, 2 ; mu- 
cus and coloring matter, 29; salts, 7 in 1,000 parts. The se- 
cretion of bile is continually going on, but somewhat retarded 
during fasting and accelerated during the taking of food. The 
bile formed in the hepatic cells is discharged into the minute 
hepatic ducts, passes into the larger trunks, and from the main 
hepatic duct into the duodenum. The gall-bladder is a true 
reservoir for holding the bile for the wants of the economy. 

Under certain conditions, such as with an excess of amy- 
laceous, carbonaceous, saccharine food, malt and alcoholic drink, 
together with monotony, indoor life, imperfect ventilation, non- 
aeration of the blood takes place ; the bile becomes thick, crystal- 
lizes, forms an obstruction to its own escape; it is absorbed in 
great quantities, constituting the phenomena of jaundice. 

It is supposed that an ordinary sized man secretes from 20 
to 40 ounces of bile in the twenty- four hours. 

A thick, clotty, or crystallized condition of bile may arise 
from a variety of other causes not so common in early life, un- 
less due to malaria, but after thirty-five very common among 
the sedentary, or in those who lead a physically inactive life; 
much more common among women than men. Pain, par- 
oxysmal over the region of the gall-duct, with vertigo, nausea, 



380 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

vomiting, biliary-coated tongue, injected conjunctiva, constipa- 
tion, favor the idea of the formation of biliary calculi. 

Gallstones, or biliary calculi, may be very numerous, but, if 
they remain in the gall-bladder, they give rise to little trouble. 
When, however, one of them passes into the common bile-duct, 
and its passage is impeded, it gives rise to most alarming symp- 
toms, which sometimes terminate fatally. The pain is par- 
oxysmal and most excruciating, vomiting comes on, and there 
is usually some shivering. When the stone passes on into the 
intestine the pain ceases. In some cases the stone does not pass 
on, and may cause ulceration and perforation of the gall-blad- 
der or its duct, and thus bring on fatal peritonitis. Gall-stones 
are said to be one of the causes of cancer of the liver. 

In all cases calculi are made up of either a deficiency or re- 
dundancy of certain elements of the bile, a scantiness of its 
watery elements, it may coagulate ; an excess of cholesterin, it 
may crystallize. 

When the symptoms of gallstone passing the duct are pres- 
ent, the curative indications are to facilitate its passage into 
the intestines, to relieve pain and prevent inflammation, which 
the presence of an extraneous body if large is calculated to 
produce in the duct. This is best effected with large doses of 
gelsemium. Dose after dose relaxes the duct and favors the 
expulsion of the calculus. Warm bath, hot fomentations, are 
of great benefit. 

Between the attacks solvents should be tried, to cause a chem- 
ical disintegration of the calculi, and for this purpose the ozon- 
ized uric acid solvent should be preferred above all other rem- 
edies. Under its influence the calculi breaks up, disappears, 
without any trace, in copious, bilious evacuations, which it pro- 
duces. I have used this remedy in several hundred cases, and 
found it an excellent solvent for those stones. It is well enough 
one or two days of each week to administer compound tincture 
of cinchona and nitromuriatic acid, with phosphate of soda, 
sufficient to keep the bowels free ; but in all cases, five days out 
of seven, the patient should be placed upon the uric acid solvent 
ozonized. There is little doubt in my mind but this remedy 
owes its powerful solvent properties to the combination in it 
of the chionanthus virg. and dioxide of hydrogen. The same 
preparation is efficient in nearly all dormant states of the liver. 
Diet has a marked influence upon the quality of the bile ; vege- 
tables and fruit have a marked influence upon the bile, with 
lean meats proportioned to the wants of the system. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 381 

Non-aeration of the blood in conditions of monotony,, in in- 
door life, malaria, toxins of disease germs, chronic alcoholism, 
carbonaceous diet, have a tendency to form biliary concretions, 
which are often numerous and give rise to much trouble and 
danger. 

Biliary concretions are common at all periods of existence 
from intra-uterine life and early infancy, due to a stagnation of 
bile in the gall-bladder; later on calculi arise from catarrh of 
the ducts, probably nothing present but simple jaundice; they 
are likely to be present in malaria, dengue, yellow fever, also in 
cancer of the liver, scirrhosis and pancreatic disease, in yellow 
atrophy of the liver or epidemic aundice, phosphorus poison- 
ing, much more common among women who lead an indoor 
life, or who once suffered from any congestion of the liver. 

The special treatment of biliary calculi consists in hot fo- 
mentations over the liver; just as large doses of the green root 
tincture of gelsemium as can be borne ; olive oil, slight inhala- 
tion of chloroform ; very light but extremely nourishing food. 
The passage of these stones takes from a few minutes to a few 
hours ; not only the paroxysm, but the pyrexia, rigors, sweat- 
ing, vomiting, are promptly relieved when the stone drops into 
the duodenum. 

Monotony, isolation, non-aeration of the blood, together with 
the toxins of disease germs, are the leading causes, and all 
aid in setting up inflammation of the gall-duct, which may form 
an abscess from which pyemic infection may follow. 

Every physician should see to it that an ample supply of 
green root tincture is always procurable. 

Periodate aurum is probably the most efficacious remedy to 
disgorge the liver and gall-duct ; but for continued use, curative 
and preventive, no remedy can excel the ozonized expressed 
juice of the Phytolacca berry in doses of from two to sixteen 
drops added to warm water. The ozonized fluid extract of 
chionanthus virg. is also of great utility. 

One of the commonest of the false statements enunciated is 
that gallstone affections are not generally dangerous. Exactly 
the contrary is the case ; the general ignorance of the fatality of 
gallstone cases being due to the unfortunate frequency with 
which patients succumb to them without the medical attendant's 
having had the remotest idea of the true pathology of the case 
he was treating. The reason of this is not far to seek, for it 
lies, I believe, in the fact of his having been falsely taught that 
all dangerous gallstone cases are associated with jaundice and 



382 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

paroxysmal pain; whereas it actually happens that the majority 
of fatal gallstone cases are unassociated with either one or 
the other of them. Incredible as this may appear, it is never- 
theless perfectly true. For there is no jaundice, and no 
paroxysmal pain (indeed, in the first instance very little pain 
of any kind whatever) when a gallstone ulcerates its way out 
of the gall-bladder. Should the stone in this case enter the 
peritoneum, a fatal peritonitis is the result. Sould it enter the 
intestines, if large it kills the patient by ileus ; if small, it passes 
safely down the intestines until it reaches the ileo-cecal valve, 
where it often sets up such an amount of irritation as speedily 
induces a fatal enteritis. 

When olive oil is ingested, a stimulating action on the secre- 
tion of bile is produced, causing it to flow in large quantities, 
it possesses a higher power of stimulating this secretion than 
either food or drugs with the single exception of ox-gall. 

Salicylate soda, in alternation with glucozone, increases bil- 
iary secretion immensely, besides it dissolves and disintegrates 
biliary concretions most effectively. 

The uric acid solvent also acts efficiently with, or in alterna- 
tion with, either of the above remedies. 

An ozonized extract of chionanthus virg. has a most re- 
markable action in liquefying the bile ; it increases its secretion, 
promotes gastric and intestinal activity, and has a most valuable 
action on the blood. 

Sulphate cinchonidine ; irisine, of each, twenty grains; hy- 
drastine white alkaloid, ten grains; extract nux vomica, five 
grains. Make twenty pills, one before meals. Very superior 
combination for gallstones. 

Phosphate of soda, chloride of ammonia, nitromuriatic acid 
still do good work where there is a tendency to form concre- 
tions. 

But olive oil and gelsemium are the great panaceas. 

When four to eight ounces of oil are poured into the stom- 
ach, that organ in the throes of animated contractions quickly 
sends a portion of it into the duodenum, where it exercises a 
most soothing influence on the irritated mucous membrance, 
and by reflex action causes the spasm to cease, which formed the 
principal element of the painful attacks. That the oil has any 
influence in dissolving the calculus is doubted. Repeated at 
intervals', the oil seems capable of hindering the return of the 
trouble by rendering active and fluidifying the biliary secretion. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 383 

GANGLION. — The bones at the joints rub on each other 
and in order to minimize the wearing away, which would re- 
sult from friction, nature has lined all joints with a synovial 
membrane, which secretes a lubricating fluid. Muscles all 
end in tendons, which are affixed to bone, passing round or 
over tuberosities, under which and around are synovial sacs, 
termed ganglia or bursse. 

Every structure in the body, if irritated, is liable to take on 
inflammation. Tendons, bursse and ganglia are no exception to 
this rule ; hence about the knee and wrists we often meet with 
those ganglia swollen size of peas or small eggs, rarely larger 
than an ordinary marble. When cut open, they resemble a 
little bag filled yith a clear transparent, yellowish fluid. On 
feeling, it is globular, elastic in connection with a tendon. 

Rest, with compression, is usually curative; pressure by 
means of the genuine old caoutchouc is effective. 

GANGRENE. — The process of dying; partial death, incipi- 
ent mortification. Usually ushered in by a sudden diminution 
of feeling or sensibility in the part ; livid discoloration ; detatch- 
ment of cuticle, under which a turbid serum is effused; with 
crepitation owing to the evolution of gases in the areolar tis- 
sue. When it has become quite black, cold, incapable of feel- 
ing, circulation and life, it constitutes mortification or complete 
death. 

To prevent gangrene, more active treatment, more vitalized 
remedies, more bactericides to arrest molecular change, de- 
structive metamorphosis and evolution of bacteria. 

Most powerful antiseptics orally and locally. For the former 
select either ozone, comp. oxygen, sulphide of lime echi- 
nacea, wild indigo, carbolic acid, or yeast; for the latter apply 
either a poultice of carbolic acid, yeast, capsicum, or charcoal ; 
echinacea alone, comp. tincture of myrrh, peroxide of hy- 
drogen, either arrest the process of dying or establish a line of 
demarkation between the living and dead parts. 

GASTRITIS.— One of the coming maladies of the twen- 
tieth century will be acute and chronic gastritis, the causes be- 
ing adulterated food, canned and embalmed meat in tins ; the 
bacteria, the evolution from these deadly products, produce 
disease. Deadly germs thus enter the stomach, live and grow 
in a toxical pabulum homogeneous to their character created 
l>y themselves. 



384 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The principle of the coming age should be annihilation to 
such food products, maintain the vital force, sustain it, keep* 
in health, good food, and air ; thorough cleanliness, no excesses, 
labor in moderation, no mental worry. 

Watch what enters the stomach. 

The earliest signs of acute gastritis are the raw beef appear- 
ance of the tongue. Nausea, vomiting, with a coffee-ground 
vomit, which is blood changed by the acids of the stomach, to- 
gether with restlessness, feverishness, thirst, pain, offensive 
breath, loss of appetite and burning sensation at pit of stomach. 
When these symptoms are present there need be no doubt in 
regard to the lesion, though the primary cause may be obscure 
or unknown. For a time the stomach will digest nothing, 
hence no food may be swallowed. The constant call is for 
water ; and the colder it be so much the better it is relished. Ice 
will do, yet a constant supply must be at hand. As soon as the 
stomach is full of fluid, emesis takes place, often with retching. 
Then, more water ! To treat such a case successfully requires 
thought, skill, experience. Slippery elm water added to which 
gelsemin and passiflora. Possibly a few drops of camphor 
water, a sip of warm water, or a teaspoonful of ginger ale. 
Warm water will slake the cravings of thirst better than cold. 
A dilute solution of sulphate of magnesia operates favorably, 
even if not well received at first. As the nausea subsides 
rest will be obtained — possibly sleep. Repose is curative. 
Almost the starving point is reached before food will stay in 
the stomach. The juice of beef is to be offered in preference 
to starchy articles of diet. A hot plate placed on the epigas- 
trium generally affords relief from pain. A teaspoonful of 
orange juice is agreeable in the advanced stages of the disease, 
but will be rejected in the earlier stages of the morbid onset. 
The gastritis of drunkards is obstinate and often dangerous. 
Ulceration of the stomach is apt to be fatal ; and there is no way 
to tell when a gastritis may become ulcerative. 

Gastritis, Chronic— -Met with in all degrees or stages up- 
to the acute. Symptoms very variable, from a gastric neurosis, 
tenderness on pressure, headache, heartburn, sour eructations, 
vomiting, constipation, submucuous coat of tongue red or else 
red in patches, to gastralgia, all the symptoms of indigestion. 

Hydrastis, cinchona, mineral acids, collinsonia, gentian, mix. 
ozone water, gelsemin, hyoscyamus, passiflora, liquor cerii. 

Stimulating plasters over the stomach, warm flannel clothing. 

Cream, milk, eggs, arrowroot, rice, barley. All solid food 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 385 

must be well masticated. A milk diet is often curative. Drink- 
ing warm water as hot as it can be taken relieves distress, over- 
comes nausea and vomiting. Forbid strictly the use of tea, 
coffee, tobacco, pudding, sauces, stimulants, fresh bread, corned 
beef, cabbage, pies and pork. 

In chronic gastritis, all the usual symptoms of indigestion 
are present; added to these, the coated tongue, with its red 
tip and edges, with pain aggravated by pressure over the region 
of the stomach. Symptoms are so clear, welldefmed, that it is 
impossible to confound it with cancer of the stomach, gastric 
ulcer, hepatic, renal or pulmonary affections. 

If a proper diet be pursued, rational medical treatment em- 
ployed, every case of chronic gastritis will recover promptly. 

In the first place, sufficient doses, at proper intervals, of the 
green root tincture of gelsemium, should be administered to 
efface pain, and a tepid infusion of kaki should be drunk when 
the stomach is empty, and at stated intervals. This exerts a 
powerful influence in arresting the excessive secretion of mucus, 
destroying the microbic elements of fermentation, and stimu- 
lating normal action — it even inhibits the growth of the sar- 
cinae. 

The very best results follow drinking an infusion of kaki, 
at any time with advantage. 

The unguentum capsicum of the dispensatory is one of the 
very best applications over the region of the stomach in chronic 
inflammation — strength just sufficient to be slightly rube- 
facient. 

Gastric Vertigo. — This is a disorder that attacks a number 
of persons, mostly those of sedentary habits, professional 
people and brain-workers. 

It is very often diagnosed as simply biliousness. It is a sub- 
ject that has given me much concern, and I was a long time 
arriving at a satisfactory diagnosis and the best plan of treat- 
ment. I conversed much with my fellow-practitioners about 
the symptoms of this malady, and read all the books and litera- 
ture that I could find relative to the symptoms of the affection 
for a number of years back, but I could only get a scrap here 
and there. Its main symptoms with most patients is a sudden 
quivering and twitching of the eyeballs, with gradual diminu- 
tion of vision and dizziness, followed by a sense of fullness at 
the forehead. The patient at first generally gets more or less 
frightened, and whatever they are working at must be aban- 
doned ; because, between the loss of vision and nervousness, the 



386 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

patient is unfitted for anything for the time being. If a remedy 
is not handy and the subject attempts to go on with whatever 
is occupying his mind, vomiting and severe headache will sooa 
supervene. 

If the patient should happen to be walking he becomes ap- 
prehensive lest he fall in the street, or feels that something is 
going to happen to him — a stroke of paralysis, apoplexy, epi- 
lepsy, etc., are the usual thoughts that flash through the mind. 

It is very distressing and annoying when one first has these 
attacks, and it is calculated to make almost any one lose his 
nerve. A disturbance of the circulation is noticed; a cold 
clammy sweat and a nervous tremor generally follow. Men 
generally stop and are quiet for a few minutes, and then seek 
a remedy. Women often lose control of themselves, fall or 
faint from fright, and frequently have convulsions and are pros- 
tracted for a while. In making out a proper diagnosis, hostero- 
epilepsy, paralysis, epilepsy, liver, kidney and brain diseases, 
and reflex disturbances are to be considered. 

In these cases there seems to be a sudden interruption of the 
cerebrospinal fluid. A slight constriction is often felt over 
the forehead and at the occiput. 

Some have sudden severe headache with sick stomach. If 
constipation exists the trouble is aggravated; but I have known 
the paroxysms to come on when the bowels were loose, but at 
that time most patients I noticed were suffering from liver tor- 
pidity or malaria. There is an intimate relationship between 
the brain arid the liver and digestive apparatus which is an 
interesting study. Disturbances in the liver disorder the brain 
directly, as well as by the abnormal products which reach it 
through the blood. Look at the disorders of toxemia. The 
liver has its representative area in the brain just as much as the 
arm or leg is represented in a distinct and localized area. 

Kolatin in tablets is an excellent remedy in these cases to 
rouse the liver into activity — at the same time comp. matri- 
caria energizes the molecular working power of the brain. 

Gastric Catarrh {Sarcinae Ventriculi). — Mucous dys- 
pepsia, catarrh of the mucous coat of the stomach, is the most 
common of all forms of indigestion, seventy-five out of every 
hundred being of this type. 

It may be defined to be a weak, relaxed condition of the lin- 
ing membrane of the stomach, with an excessive secretion of 
mucus, in which the fungus "Sarcinae" is evolved^ and breeds 
according to the amount of mucus secreted. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 387 

Its etiology is due to the habit of drinking excessively of 
fluids, especially malt liquors, to improper mastication of food, 
hurried eating, disease of the liver. 

Its diagnosis rests chiefly upon the fur on the tongue, and 
sarcinse in the mouth; pyrosis, heartburn, flatulence, sour 
eructations, distention of the stomach and abdomen, constipa- 
tion, with every two or three or more weeks sudden attacks of 
diarrhea, the maturing of the fungus, and its passage by the 
stools. A reformation, re-growth of the plant takes place 
and goes through the same process. 

The reflex symptoms to the medulla oblongata give rise to 
headache, vertigo, languor and debility. The train of nervous 
symptoms which accompany gastric catarrh are due to the 
ptomains excreted by the fungus. 

For a good microscopical examination it is best to administer 
an emetic, and procure the fungus free from admixture with 
food — place a piece of it in the field of the microscope, when 
cocci, cubes or packets, with rounded-ofT corners, are seen in 
groups of four, or multiples of four, united in families of eight, 
sixteen, thirty-two, sixty- four. Contents of the fungus, green- 
ish or yellowish red. 

The germ or fungus bears cultivation well on albumen or 
liquid gelatin. 

Pathogenic of catarrh of the stomach, communicated to 
water, through the sewers, thence to poultry and animals. 

Fungus starved out by either drinking freely of an infusion 
of bayberry or stone crop, or collinsonia, kaki; streilized, by 
mineral acids, peroxide of hydrogen ; sulphide of lime ; resorcin, 
saccharated sulphur; lactic acid; creolin; ozonized sulphur 
water ichthyol jelly. 

Gastric Fever. — Essentially a malady peculiar to children, 
and induced by some agent that is devitalizing to the stomach, 
as the digestion of pastry, cabbage, nuts, candies, alcohol, or 
other irritants. 

There is a period of prostration, during which the child suf- 
fers from languor, lassitude, debility, nausea, vomiting, fol- 
lowed by rigors and a fever, in which the predominating symp- 
toms are nausea, vomiting, pain over the region of the stomach ; 
acid or fetid breath, white-coated tongue are always present. 

Its duration is from seven to fourteen days, and if properly 
treated terminates in recovery. 

It is easily recognized by its history, derangement of stom- 
ach, nausea, vomiting, white coat on tongue, irritation of 



388 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

brain, and the entire absence of any other type of fever, and 
that it is peculiar to children. 

Just as soon as diagnosed, give the little sufferer an emetic 
of the wine of ipecac. The peculiar shape of a chilld's stomach 
enables it to vomit easily and effectively. If possible get the 
patient to precede the emetic with tepid water in which a little 
bicarbonate of coda is dissolved — free emesis if possible follow 
this with 2-gram doses of periodate aurum on the tongue, and 
the neutralizing cordial — continue till bowels move freely. A 
warm bath to commence with, followed by sponge bathing 
twice daily. 

If nausea and vomiting be a symptom, apply stimulants over 
the abdomen, either a mixture of spices or concentrated ozone 
over the stomach. Give the stomach rest, boiled water on 
toast or crackers, to which a few drops of glucozone are 
added. 

Neutralize the toxic elements, which have undergone a de- 
composition in the alimentary canal — the peroxide of hydro- 
gen and resorcin an excellent combination in these cases, safe, 
as salol is not admissible remedy to administer to children . 

Several days after the fever has entirely disappeared is the 
proper time for tonics, as the wine bitters, elixir cinchona, sul- 
phate cinchonine. 

Otherwise, the treatment should be the same as for fevers 
generally, especially insisting upon rest in the recumbent pos- 
ture, and sponging the body thrice daily. 

Gastric Tumors. — Every form of thickening, or infiltra- 
tion or tumor on or in the walls of the stomach, whether it be 
simply an effusion of lymph, fibrous tissues, or an aggregation 
of tubercular germs, in the near future will be capable of being 
removed or dissolved by those newly-introduced remedies, 
papoid, trypsin, lactic acid in different strengths, and the local 
application of ozonized clay. 

These remedies are remarkable for their solvent power over 
all adventitious tissues. The peroxide of hydrogen is best 
adapted to malignant growth. 

The fluid extract of Virginia stone crop is most bracing to the 
walls of the stomach. 

An almost infallible remedy for the absorption of gastric 
indurations and tumors consists in a mixture of equal parts 
of resorcin ointment and ozonized phytolacca berry juice — ap- 
plied all over the region of the stomach; by way of change, 
an occasional application of the ozonized clay. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 389 

Gastro-intestinal Infection. — In children of an early 
age, from a variety of conditions, chiefly from deleterious food, 
contaminated milk, an evolution of a dwarfed species of the 
sarcinse, giving rise to intestinal catarrh, dyspepsia and often 
a destruction of the epithelium, with intestinal atrophy, 
and accompanied with vomiting, diarrhea, colic — the function 
of both liver and pancreas being greatly impaired. 

Periodate aurum is invariably here, repairing the damaged 
liver and pancreas — heals the lesion in the follicles, arresting 
the morbid process due to infection or auto-intoxication which 
proceeds from within. Peroxide of hydrogen, resorcin, ozon- 
ized stone crop, echinacea are remedies of rare value. 

GAULTHERIA. — The preparation, oil of wintergreen re- 
duced to a glycerite by means of negative ozone, is an admir- 
able and exceedingly efficacious remedy in all cases of either 
acute or chronic rheumatism. When administered in doses 
of 10 of 15 drops very frequently, until its physiological 
effects are visible, in the ringing of the ears, a lowering of 
temperature, a reduction of the frequency of the pulse, a per- 
fect freedom from pain, when a normal condition is secured 
hold it by doses at intervals of three or four hours apart. 

Its action is that of a powerful microbicide, destroying the 
bacillus amylobacta in all the fluids and solids of the body, 
uniting with the lactic and butyric acids, rendering them inert, 
toning the organs of digestion and assimilation, has the won- 
derful capacity of preventing the evolution of the germs, and 
neutralizing its toxin in the synovial membrane of joints. 

It is a perfect substitute for salicylate acid and soda, better 
by far, as it has no depressing action upon the heart, no delete- 
rious effects, but rather a prophylactic to relapse. Advanced, 
higher-graded physicians prefer this preparation to any other 
derivatives of the true oil of wintergreen. 

GELSEMIN. — The bark of the root of the yellow jasmine, 
which grows freely in our Southern States. 

Physiological Action. — A cerebral sedative in small doses.; 
administered in large doses, it causes vertigo, double vision, 
paralysis of the sensory columns of the cord, heart's action 
slowed, temperature lowered. 

Chemistry. — It contains a glucoside, which is soluble in alco- 
hol or ether, but sparingly soluble in water; and an acid "gel- 
semic acid." 



39° The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Therapeutical Uses. — An excellent remedy in all forms of 
malarial fever, in neuralgia, and nervous affections generally. 
It has a most decided action upon the sexual appetite, and is a 
remarkable sexual sedative, cutting off erections as well as 
desire. 

Preparations and Doses. — A tincture prepared from the bark 
of the root, freshly dug out of the ground. When in full 
bloom is the best for general use, being administered in dose 
from 5 drops up. The powdered extract, or abstract, good. 
All other preparations are most unreliable, even the hydro- 
chlorate of the gelsemin is not a safe drug. 

In malarial fever it is administered as follows: Sulphate 
quinine; prussiate iron, aa gr. xxx; abstracta gelsemin, gr. iii; 
abstracta mandrake, gr. iii; oil black pepper, gr. q. s. To 
make thirty pills. 

Give one or two every hour, so that three doses are taken 
before the chill, or make into powders by adding capsicum in- 
stead. 

Another is green root tincture gelsemin, one ounce ; sulphate 
of quinine, two drams; aromatic sulphuric acid, half a dram. 
Dissolve the quinine with the aromatic sulphuric acid, then add 
the gelsemin. Dose: Half a teaspoonful added to water, so 
that three doses be taken before the chill. It never should be 
administered in infantile diseases. 

Ozonized green root tincture of gelsemium is a true sedative 
to the sexual glands, allays all irritation, and, together with 
passiflora, is a standard remedy in spermatorrhea. It is an 
American drug, peculiarly adapted to the infirmities of our 
people. It is good in a common cold, arrests profuse nasal 
secretion, subdues cough, relieves pain ; favors the re-establish- 
ment of normal secretions; it has a vitalizing action upon the 
skin, kidneys and intestinal tract; it lowers heat, slows the 
heart's action, creates a feeling of comfort over the entire body. 

Keeping a malaria-struck patient at perfect rest, administer- 
ing this remedy, so as to obtain its full physiological action, 
the germ will die in the body. 

Unlike antipyrin, it does not interfere with the oxygen-carry- 
ing capacity of the blood-corpuscles. 

The indistinctness of vision, dilation of the pupil, amblyopia, 
imperfect memory, feeble or squeaky voice, hebetude of mind, 
confusion of thought, point to seminal loses as the cause. Green 
root tincture of gelsemium and passiflora incarnata, full dose 
at bedtime and a salix nigra suppository. During the day, ad- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 391 

minister ozonized black willow extract in average doses. As 
the symptoms give way, give small doses of avena sativa. 

Take it altogether, gelsemium is one of our sheet-anchors, 
and has a very wide field of usefulness. Its indications are 
bright eyes, contracted pupils, flushed face, elevated tempera- 
ture and fast pulse. You can thus see that it is frequently 
called for in acute inflammatory affections of all kinds, and we 
do thus use it, and many times combine it with the indicated 
special sedative. It is of use in spasmodic affections. In re- 
flex spasms of childhood we would not exchange it for any 
other remedy we possess. It is also of great use in spasms of 
centric origin. In retention of urine from a spasmodic con- 
traction of the neck of the bladder, we know of no better rem- 
edy; but for this purpose it must be given in full-sized doses. 
In suppression of the menses from cold, combined with Pul- 
satilla, it has no equal. The dosage has a wide range — from 
the fraction of a drop to half a dram. It is seldom necessary 
to give the latter dose, though we have done so, in the retention 
of urine, as stated above, and in a few cases of puerperal 
eclampsia. 

GERMLESS WORLD NOT DESIRABLE.— Suppose 
that air, water, soil, animals and plants have all been thor- 
oughly sterilized in the bacteriological sense; suppose that by 
the universal application of an ideally perfect germicide every 
microbe has been killed, while higher living things remain un- 
harmed ; and suppose that no agents have been created to per- 
form the functions of the extinct families? What is the re- 
sult? 

First, we observe with gratitude that we have clone with a 
large number of diseases, acute and chronic, affecting beasts 
and men. Rinderpest and glanders have disappeared : anthrax 
no longer slays its thousands among sheep and cattle ; tuber- 
culosis in all its forms is unknown. The plague has vanished, 
never to reappear in the east or west. Leprosy, the mysterious 
scourge of many ages and many lands, at last dies out. In all 
probability we may expunge scarlatina, measles, and all the 
common infectious fevers from our text-books ; certainly no one 
need fear cholera, typhoid, diphtheria, or erysipelas Fn this 
changed world wounds and injuries are robbed of half their 
terrors, and surgeons take no precautions against sept ; c trouble. 
Food-poisoning by ptomains is never heard of. 

Sanitation becomes easy ; evil odors are almost banished from 



392 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

our streets. Various minor sources of annoyance have been 
abolished; milk does not turn sour, nor butter rancid; eggs 
keep always fresh; in the hottest summer our meat never be- 
comes "high." It would almost seem that everybody should be 
satisfied, except the bacteriologict, whose occupation is done. 

But very soon we begin to miss some things in our germless 
world. There is no beer, wine, or brandy, all the yeast-plants 
having perished by the germicide. No doubt chemists will 
sooner or later devise a substitute, but natural fermentation 
is at end. For the same reason artificial methods of aeration 
must be universally employed in making bread ; the leaven that 
has been used for so many ages has lost its potency. Our 
cheeses will not "ripen," owing to the absence of certain bacilli 
that used to effect the change ; and there is a distinct falling-off 
in the flavor of our best butter. The manufacture of vinegar 
is stopped, because there is no longer a bacillus aceticus to work 
upon weak alcoholic solutions. Along with these changes in 
our diet we seem to notice some impairment of our digestive 
powers, which may be explained by the absence of those in- 
numerable micro-organisms which used to inhabit our ali- 
mentary canals, and which assuredly had some influence upon 
the processes therein. Certainly the health of our herbivorous 
animals suffers on this account ; they lose the power of digest- 
ing the cellulose which enters so largely into their food. 

This, however, would not be the worst of it, for to the mi- 
crobes of the soil we owe the nitrification and other chemical 
processes that fertilize it and that enable plants to obtain their 
nutriment from it. 

If the soil were rendered "sterile" in the bacteriological 
sense — that is, if all the lower fungi in it were destroyed — it 
would soon be sterile in another sense also; our crops would 
perish, and agriculture would come utterly to an end. 

Neither grass nor herb yielding seed, nor fruit tree yielding 
fruit after his kind, could survive the deprivation of their 
natural nourishment ; and as animal life is ultimately dependent 
upon plant life, the fatal consequences would not be confined to 
the vegetable kingdom. 

But, indeed, when we consider the matter from another 
point of view, it becomes still more evident that the activity 
of these lowly forms is a condition essential to the continuance 
of higher life on the earth. For nothing is more certain than 
the fact that the processes by which organic bodies, animal and 
vegetable, are converted after death into simpler combinations 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 393 

or into their ultimate elements — the processes known to us as 
putrefaction and decay — are absolutely dependent on micro- 
scopic organisms, especially bacteria. But if such processes 
did not take place, whence would be derived the materials for 
the construction of successive generations of animals and 
plants? The amount of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, 
etc., available for the composition of living bodies in not an un- 
limited quantity, but is constantly utilized over and over again ; 
there are necessary economies in the working of the labora- 
tories of nature. At present all living things die and return 
to the earth from which they are derived, and their substances 
are again used to construct the substances of new living things. 
A part is at once assimilated by ''necrophagous" creatures, 
the scavengers of the soil ; but the important economy consists 
in the slow decompositions set up by bacteria, resolving dead 
organic matter into elements available for fresh life. 

If these decompositions were to cease, if animals and plants 
were to remain incorruptible after death, how can we escape 
the conclusion that sooner or later the supply of such available 
elements must be exhausted, and life itself must come to an 
end? 

Germs, Disease Producing. — The salivary glands of the 
mouth are the channels of ingress of nearly all disease germs ; 
hence the importance of keeping the mouth shut. The method 
of breathing makes a vast difference to a man's health and 
longevity, for if he be a mouth-breather his vital elements are 
low, as he is continually taking in disease germs. It therefore 
makes quite a difference whether you breathe by the mouth or 
the nose. You can enter with immunity a most deadly swamp, 
a smallpox hospital, if you keep your mouth shut; there is no 
infection. 

The mosquito as a carrier of the three-potency parasite of 
malaria is a mere humbug. Look to the salivary glands as the 
real inlet. Men who spit their salivary secretion by the use 
of either smoking or chewing tobacco are exempt from the en- 
trance of disease germs. Women who before and after meals 
wash out their mouths with a warm ozonized boroglycerid 
solution are never the victims of microbic disease. 

In gaping imbecility, the microbe of eipdemic influenza enters 
by the salivary glands and gives rise to its typical manifesta- 
tions — rigors, febricular pains, prostration and depression. 
Shut the mouth, suspend social intercourse, disinfect domiciles 
and administer concentrated tincture kurchicin orally to keep 



394 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the blood streams pure — free from germs. This remedy kills 
the pathogenic microbe, increases the resisting power, mini- 
mizes the chance of infection by making the various tissues of 
our bodies unsuitable for the growth of the bacilli ; increases 
vital force. Don't mask the remedy ; give it diluted, so that it 
will come well in contact with the salivary glands. 

Mouth-breathers invariably suffer from tonsillitis, pharynigi- 
tis, laryngitis, bronchitis, with imperfect thoractic development, 
and a morbid predisposition to hypertrophy of the turbinated 
bones, together with the formation of adenoid growths in the 
naso-pharynx, which entail alterations in the voice and deaf- 
ness — often congestive engorgement of the mucous membrane, 
which leads to nasal stenosis, which interferes with the passage 
of lymph along the ducts which traverse the cribriform process 
of the ethmoid bone, and by preventing the drainage of the 
brain entail mental hebetude, paving the way for serious mis- 
chief. 

GLANDERS. — A disease peculiar to horses, an evolution 
under ; r^anitary conditions of the bacillus mallei, communi- 
cated both by contagion and infection to all individuals brought 
in contact with those animals, such as grooms, jockeys, stall 
keepers, farriers, harness rubbers. 

The 1es : ons classified under this head are of two types, 
glanders and pharcy — the former showing itself in a specific in- 
flammat ; on. ulceration in the nasal mucous membrane; the 
latter, th^ lymphatics are involved. 

In glanders proper, the septum nasi and adjacent parts, the 
mucous membrane exhibits an inflammation in which nod- 
ules form, gray, translucent, appearing with profuse, offensive, 
catarrhal discharge ; ulcers, round, scooped out ; often the entire 
respiratory passages, as well as the lungs, are involved; often 
associate^ 1 with enlarged lymphatics of the neck and chest. 
Nodules are often found in liver, spleen, bowels. 

In pharcy the lymphat ; cs are first affected; they become 
swollen : rregularly thickened, knotted like cords; suppurative 
softening- usually follows; pharcy buds form and secondary 
nodule? on the mucous membrane; scratches, abrasions on 
hands, arms, are the common mode of ingress in pharcy, local 
changes, followed by constitutional disturbance, and in both 
forms fever, and in many cases a specific eruption appears 
on the sV'ffaS well as On the mucous membrane of both nose 
"and mouth— a 'papular rash, which goes on to the formation 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 395 

of unhealthy ulcerations; abscesses under the skin, joints and 
muscles are of frequent occurrence. 

Albuminuria; a low form of pneumonia often prevails; 
diarrhea, vomiting common in fatal cases. 

The glander bacilli cause a rapid metamorphosis of all the 
structures of the body, essentially destructive. This pathogenic 
microbe appears in very many localities in an endemic form 
and many valuable animals die, besides many grooms are 
infected through abrasions and scratches on arms and hands. 

Scientific physicians and eminent veterinary surgeons, cog- 
nizant of the habits, growth and toxins of the bacillus mallei, 
have little difficulty in staying the progress of the malady and 
in effecting a permanent cure in both man and horse. The 
remedies used with success are the iodide of lime every hour, 
alternated with chlorate and sulphate of quinine, and every 
three hours a dose of Chian turpentine mist. Echinacea also of 
utility. 

The iodide of lime seems to meet precisely the indications; 
excellent results follow its use. These remedies are followed 
by protonuclein, which is of great value in glanders by creating 
a leukocytosis. 



GLONOIN. — Nitroglycerin, is prepared by dissolving 
glycerin in nitric and sulphuric acids. For medicinal purposes 
it is dissolved and diluted in alcohol. 

Physiological Action. — It is a prompt, powerful excitor of 
vasomotor action; accelerates the action of the heart, relaxes 
dilated arteries, causes a general sense of fullness, and is a di- 
rect sedative to the medulla oblongata. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Of great utility in vertigo, headache, 
asthma, angina pectoris, neuralgia, chronic interstitial nephritis, 
seasickness, and disturbances of the intercranial circulation, 
asphyxia. 

Preparations and Doses. — A one per cent solution in one, 
two or more drop doses ; or a one per cent solution in pill form, 
as indicated. 

Better than all preparations is the nitroglycerin suppository ; 
acts silently but efficiently in all cases of suspended animation. 

GLYCERIN.— The sweet principle of oils and fatty bodies; 
soluble in water and alcohol ; insoluble in ether, chloroform and 
fixed oils. 



396 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

A germicide and valuable menstruum. Its dehydrating prop- 
erty causes it to be a laxative when administered internally : 
this same property renders it of intrinsic value in many skin 
affections, as by drawing off the serum inflammatory action is 
relieved, cicatrization promoted. Its general use must ever 
be most emphatically condemned, in the form of a suppository 
for habitual constipation. Such suppositories drain off the 
serum, exhaust the mucous and serous coat, render the bowel 
weak, liable to disease, especially carcinoma. 



GLYCOZONE. — This is a combination of dioxide of hyro- 
gen and c. p. glycerin, in variable proportions some use it as 
weak as 2 ounces of the peroxide to 14 ounces of glycerin; 
others 4 ounces to 12 according to the therapeutic effect desired. 

In any or all of its different strengths it is a powerful bac- 
tericide, destroys all disease germs. It is well adapted in this 
form for oral administration, good in dyspepsia, catarrh, ulcer, 
or induration of the stomach. 

Well adapted for spray in aphthae, enlarged tonsils, diph- 
theria, scarlet fever; also of great efficacy in ulcers; in this 
form it is of the greatest possible utility, for when it comes in 
contact with the tissues it liberates its ozone, vitalizes, purifies. 

The value of this remedy consists in its evolving nascent 
oxygen. It is perfecly stable, a strong, active germicide, in- 
nocuous, covering a large field of usefulness, being antipuru- 
lent as well as antiseptic. Administer orally in a little water, 
in typhoid fver, dysentery, desquamative enteritis, and mi- 
crobic affections of the alimentary canal. 

Administered per rectum, once or twice daily, its action is 
unrivaled in ulceration of the rectum, diabetes, and chronic 
urinary affections. 

As a mouth wash, gargle, and inhalant, it is exceedingly 
efficacious ; in pulmonary tuberculosis, in wiping out the tuber- 
cular germ whenever it reaches it. 

Spray a diphtheric throat with it, it promptly dissolves the 
membrane. Of immense utility in gynecological practice. 

Applied to all cancerous sores, to breaches of continuity 
produced by the removal of malignant growths, it corrects 
their malignancy, their tendency to gangrene. 

The dose internally, a few drops added to water and repeated 
several times a day. To open wounds, apply in full strength 
on cotton. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 397 

GOITRE. — At the root of the neck, just above the breast- 
bone, is situated the thyroid gland. In its healthy state this 
is an innocent-looking red body, consisting of two lobes joined 
together by a slender isthmus, and weighs a little over one 
ounce. Absolutely nothing was known about the use of this 
gland until recently, when it was discovered that its secretion 
possessed the vital elements of growth of every tissue of the 
body. 

It is now very generally recognized that certain organs in the 
body may be tissue-starved, anemic, and otherwise incapable of 
performing their proper function, and that by the introduction 
of the very same chemical constituents of the organs impaired, 
or the analogous organs, or their secretion from some one of 
our domestic animals, the mischief or disease will be repaired, 
provided the organs of digestion and assimilation be intact; 
that is to say, if the brain be exhausted by struggle, care, worry, 
study, enjoin rest and administer brain juice, glycerite of keph- 
alin; if the ever-moving heart muscle be exhausted, feed on 
creatinin; if the reproductive organs be weakened, lethargic, 
or altogether impotent, administer a solution of spermin; if 
the stomach fails through or by any cause to secrete, give its 
own juices as we have in the glycerite of pepsin; if there be a 
freak of nature, a chaotic construction, prescribe thyroid juice, 
so as to regain a perfect mechanism of body. 

The juice of the thyroid gland is one of the most important 
secretions of the whole body and plays the principal part in 
the elaboration, preparation and maintenance of the blood and 
nervous system. We have in it a material prepared which is 
rendered subservient to brain evolution, growth, nutrition and 
most perfect construction, and calculated to keep all parts of 
the body in most perfect development. 

The juice of the thyroid gland of many of our domestic 
animals is chemically identical with that of the human being. 
The fresh glands for administration are not always procurable, 
hence various pharmaceutical products of the fresh thyroid 
have been prepared. There has been great difficulty experi- 
enced in preserving its vital properties, for in either drying or 
desiccating them, it is lost. 

There is only one reliable method of preparation, and that 
possesses distinct and unique advantages over every other form 
of thyroid medication, and that is the ozonized glycerin ex- 
tract, prepared from c. p. ozone and glycerin, together with 
the fresh juice of the throid without heat or drying. In this 



398 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

form we have a splendid preparation, an unexcelled purified 
extract of the thyroid body, free from all extraneous sub- 
stances, uniform in strength, a permanent preparation which 
will keep in any climate, never decompose, well suited for in- 
ternal administration, mixes readily in water or cold beef-tea 
or soup, and can be taken by the most fastidious. 

The practical bearing of these facts amount to this : that in 
the administration of a remedy so potent, of an organic animal 
nature, having immense, inconceivable powers in constructing 
and reconstructing the human system; the energy of which is 
so far-reaching, as the very pillarizing of the human brain and 
increasing its capacity for intellectuality, great care and scien- 
tific skill must be observed. 

The pure ozonized extract of the thyroid gland positively 
cures myxedema, cretinism, idiocy, imbecility, insanity, feeble- 
mindedness, psoriasis and lowered state of the human body 
which calls for a renewal of life. The remedy is one of pro- 
digious power, and if given in the ordinary routine of life, its 
use will make the mind brilliant, ideas rapid, restores the 
memory, and retards or prevents the approach of age. It gives 
elasticity to the step, animation to the speech, quickens all the 
vital functions of the body ; renews mental as well as physical 
activity, reinvigorates, revitalizes. 

The dosage, generally speaking, and the one best adapted for 
cases generally, is from five to ten drops once a day, best admin- 
istered either in water, cold beef-tea, or any fluid food; and 
there must be no change made until there is a complete cure. 

Whatever the disease may be, it is thyroid juice all the time ; 
but all other animal extracts are compatible with it. For ex- 
ample, if there be a brain wreckage, kephalin, oats and thyroid 
juice can be given with success ; if there be heart failure, creat- 
min from the heart muscle can be given with small doses of 
thyroid; if the reproductive organs are blighted, impotency 
prevailing, thyroid juice and solution of spermin are admissible. 

GONORRHEA (The Gonococcus). — An irritation, inflam- 
mation of the mucous membrane of the urethra in the male, 
and vagina of the female, accompanied with a mucopurulent 
discharge, in which the gonococcus can be detected, is one of 
the most common affections of the present day, pervading some 
of the inmates of every dwelling. 

Therefore its etiological significance, its ravages and treat- 
ment, should be thoroughly familiar to every practitioner. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 399 

In making a diagnosis, we must not depend too much upon 
the pain in urinating, nor upon the mucopurulent discharge, 
nor upon other symptoms of inflammation, but rest upon a mi- 
croscopical examination of the discharge. 

The great danger of gonorrhea is that it does not remain 
localized, but migrates in men from the deep urethra to the 
epididymis, prostate gland, bladder, ureters, kidneys; in 
women, to the uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovaries, with their peri- 
toneal coverings, and to parts that would seem inaccessible. 

Early treatment, prompt, energetic, which should aim at the 
destruction of a germ in the urethra or vagina. 

After urinating, copious, antibacterial irrigation, with an 
ozonized distillation of eucalyptus, followed by the insertion of 
a thallin bougie; in women, vaginal injections of a solution of 
boroglycerid, to which peroxide of hydrogen is added, at least 
thrice daily. 

Internal medication should be promptly administered, and as 
the germ produces extensive devastation in the reproductive 
organs of both sexes, the best remedy the materia medica can 
afford should be given. 

For very many years the profession have depended upon bal- 
sam copaiba, sandal-wood oil, cubebs, kava kava, salol, petro- 
leum, and within the past year the balsam llaretta. This latter 
remedy is a high-graded germicide. A balsam derived from 
the Haplo pappus llaretta, which grows abundantly in the 
northern part of Chili. Indicated in gonorrhea and all dis- 
charges from either the male or female genital organs. 

Our readers are thoroughly conversant with the fact that 
in all maladies which owe their origin to a disease germ, mor- 
bid action is intensified on its passage from one race to another. 

The pathogenic microbe of gonorrhea is often the result of 
an evolution, the degradation of the elementary molecules of 
nutrition of the sexual organs. If we examine microscopically 
the mucus in the urethra of the masturbator we find it there ; 
also in the urethra of all men guilty of promiscous sexual inter- 
course; in the urethra of every man who has coition with a 
prostitute ; so in women who permit the embraces of numerous 
men. It is a germ that is very prevalent — 80 per cent of all the 
women who to-day are curetted, castrated, or mutiliated in 
some way, can be traced to the gonococcus. 

In the process of bacterial growth it evolves a toxin which 
has an affinity to all the white fibrous tissues of the body, the 
testes, thyroid, conjunctiva, synovial membranes, etc. In both 



400 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

sexes, the gravity of the affection is far-reaching; indeed, the 
destructive effects of the toxin of the gonococcus cannot be 
duly appreciated. Gonorrhea, then, is a grave affection, and 
merits prompt, energetic treatment. 

The first essential element is to kill the germ which is the 
factor of inflammatory action. For this purpose, after every act 
of micturition the urethra should be thoroughly injected or 
washed out with the following: Ozonized distillation of 
eucalyptus, one ounce ; water, three ounces ; mix. Use only as 
an injection. On or near retiring every night as long as symp- 
toms indicate, a thallin bougie should be inserted. Thallin is a 
deadly enemy to the gonococcus ; inserted into the urethra, per- 
mitted to dissolve, it penetrates into all the crypts and follicles 
of the mucous membrane, and kills the germ. 

The remedy for internal use must be one that is incapable of 
being used up therapeutically in digestion. Such a remedy we 
have in mistura llaretta, which should be administered in half 
teaspoonful doses every three hours. It is the best remedy we 
possess, being an active germicide, is passed in the urine in fine 
molecules, which, coming in contact with the gonococci, imme- 
diately kills them. 

This treatment is good, but it must be aided by the observ- 
ance of great cleanliness by frequent bathing of the affected 
organs in hot water, by rest, by keeping the bowels in a soluble 
condition with salines, and the urine alkaline. 

To aid in subduing inflammatory action, preventing erec- 
tions and chordee, it is well to give one or two doses of the 
green root tincture of gelsemium every evening until subdued. 

Gonorrhea in the Female. — A multiplicity of causes give 
rise to an evolution of various micro-organisms in the genital 
tract of the female, all giving rise to a mucopurulent discharge-, 
which in all cases is highly contagious and will produce the 
same discharge in the male if he happens to be a weakly subject. 

The old theory still holds good, promiscuous sexual inter- 
course, few women among many men, masturbation, immoder- 
ate sexual congress, vegetations, such as warts, eruptions due 
to errors in diet, ascarides in the rectum, and many other 
causes, as bicycle riding, all are productive of a degradation of 
the living matter of the parts and the evolution of the gono- 
coccus. 

Whether the pathogenic gonococcus be the outcome of a 
normal evolution, or due to direct contact, it is usually found in 
both the urethra and vagina, and too frequently it is permitted 
to migrate to the uterus and ovaries. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 401 

Gonorrhea may be taken from any woman, however virtuous 
she may be, provided the mucous membrane of her genital tract 
be altered or degraded by adverse states. The mucous mem- 
brane of the vagina of every woman who rides a bicycle is cap- 
able of communicating clap in sexual congress; it is a gono- 
cocci laboratory from which a weak man has no escape. 

The administration of the mistura llaretta is equally effective 
in the female as in the male. One teaspoonful thrice daily, 
vaginal injections of ozonized boroglycerid, warm and copious, 
are esteemed effective, followed by a pastil of either the boro- 
glycerid or nympha odorata. Either of these pastils stamps 
out of existence this disease disseminating microbe and pro- 
motes a renewal of life in the infected parts. 

GOUT. — Gout occurs with exceptional frequency in per- 
sons whose forefathers suffered from the disease, and it is 
thought that there is some hereditary defect in the cells of the 
progenitor, continued in the offspring through the ovule and 
spermatozoa. In gout there is an impairment of metabolism as 
regards nitrogenous matter — in an inability of the tissues to 
effect the complete destruction of albumin. 

Diabetes consists in the want of power of the tissues to ef- 
fect the combustion of sugar — to complete the transformation 
of the carbohydrates. The incomplete destruction of waste 
products loads the system with acids, which diminishes the 
solubility of uric acid and certain toxic agents, which give rise 
to albuminuria and nephritis. 

Whether gout be inherited or acquired, it is an inherent vice 
of nutrition, with demoralized liver and kidneys. This very 
inadequacy leads to the formation of uric acid. It is a diathesis 
with an abnormal state of the protoplasm, the outcome of a 
cerebral neurosis. 

Gout then is a nutritional disorder, associated with an ex- 
cessive formation of uric acid, and characterized by attacks of 
acute arthritis, in which the urate of soda is effused in and 
about the joints, and by the occurrence of irregular constitu- 
tional symptoms. 

Whenever this urate of soda is effused, symptoms of gout 
will be manifest. 

Sedentary occupations, curtailed physical exercise; cerebral 
depression ; digestive disturbance, a gnawing feeling in the 
stomach; lassitude, followed by a great increase of uric acid, 
and an accumulation of urates in the blood; all the white 



402 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

fibrous tissue of the body liable to have effused in or on them, 
especially in the small joints, urate of soda; ligaments, valves 
of the heart filled with the same deposit, also the membranes of 
the brain. 

Deposits of urate of soda are also found in the fine papillae 
of the kidneys, which give rise to interstitial nephritis, and al- 
buminuria. 

Among all men and women who eat largely of meat, drink 
freely of beer or wine, live sedentary lives, indoors, whose blood 
is insufficiently aerated, a gouty diathesis is created. 

The symptoms of this diathesis are protean in number, but 
may be briefly epitomized as follows : 

Occasional bilious attacks, with foul breath and tongue; 
constipation ; sallow skin, yellow conjunctiva, denoting a torpid 
liver; pain around the heart; darting pains in the joints and 
bones; a feeling of faintness and vertigo; heat, often 
itching in the skin, feet ; cramp in the legs ; periodical headache ; 
high-colored urine, strong acid reaction, albuminous. This 
may be all the time or periodically, or after an increase of 
symptoms. Sugar often found in the urine; great liability to 
the formation of calculi. 

In the treatment of gout, the patient must keep his skin ac- 
tive by daily sponging and prolonged massage ; warm flannel ; 
exercise in the open air; lead a quiet life; eat sparingly of plain 
but nutritious food ; avoiding all amylaceous substances, saccha- 
rine articles, salt meats, sweet fruits, hot bread and stuffing. 

Another but identical view of this disease is that it is a 
painful disease affecting principally the smaller joints, particu- 
larly those of the toes. It is usually hereditary, but is often 
acquired. As a rule, it is a disease of the latter half of life, 
but in hereditary cases may appear much earlier. The immedi- 
ate cause is an excessive accumulation of uric acid in the sys- 
tem, due to want of exercise, overindulgence in rich food and 
alcohol, and luxurious living generally. 

Gout, when it only affects the joints, is said to be regular; 
when it attacks the various organs it is said to be. retrocedent or 
irregular. 

Symptoms. — An acute attack is usually preceded by digestive 
disturbances, irritability, and scanty high-colored urine, but in 
many cases it comes on without warning, usually at night, by 
the sudden onset of intense pain in the great toe, which speedily 
becomes red, glazed, swollen, and smooth. At the same time 
there is some fever, constipation, and restlessness. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 403 

A disease in which uric acid is present in the blood and tis- 
sues in the form of sodium biurate. 

The formation of uric acid is in the liver, imperfect aeration 
of the blood; an excess of animal food and alcohol inflicts an 
injury upon the metabolic activity of the liver, equal to the 
toxin of malaria. The ozonized uric acid solvent, when ad- 
ministered, is a powerful stimulant to the liver and intestinal 
glands ; a cholagogue which diminishes the output of uric acid. 

The cause of gout is indigestion; the uratic deposits are re- 
sponsible for the symptoms, together with a failure of the kid- 
neys to eliminate toxins. 

Numerous are the morbid conditions due to the presence of 
uric acid in the blood, such as acute uritic arthritis, chronic 
uritic arthritis, uratic deposits, dysphagia from spasm of the 
esophagus ; dyspepsias, as cardialgia, gastrodynia, pyrosis, en- 
terodynia, palpitation of the heart and large vessels, irregular 
cardiac action, angina, chronic arteritis (aneurism) and phle- 
bitis ; laryngopharyngeal catarrh, bronchitis, asthma and dry 
pleuritis; chronic interstitial nephritis, primary renal gout, 
uratic gravel and calculi, cystitis and irritable bladder, prosta- 
titis; neuralgias, lumbago, sciatica, hemicrania, cramps of 
muscles, hysteria, hypochondriasis; ophthalmia, conjunctivitis, 
iritis, otitis, eczema, psoriasis, and vulvar prurigo and acne. 

GRAVEL. — There are three forms of gravel recognized : 
a hard, reddish-brown powder, or crystals of uric acid and 
urates ; a brown, hard, nodulated substance, oxalate of lime ; a 
white or gray powder, phosphate of lime. 

Red gravel consists of uric acid, sharp crystals, which cut, 
tear, lacerate tissues, give rise to hemorrhage. 

Uric Acid Diathesis. — Re'd gravel, due to degenerative 
changes in the tissues. It may be hereditary, peculiar type or 
conformation, monotony, isolation, sameness ; digestive trou- 
bles, excess of animal food, insufficient exercise, especiallv out 
of doors ; violent mental emotion, blows, wounds, disease with 
its destructive metamorphosis, favor its production. Much 
more prevalent among the inhabitants of cities and the rich 
than in the country; inactivity, excess of food, provoke its 
formation. It is a near relative to gout and diabetes. 

To an individual possessing this diathesis, a diet of beef, 
beans, tomatoes, a choice and unsparing cuisine, are most pro- 
ductive of it, besides wines, beer, ale, brandy, favor the ag- 
glomeration of uric acid in the kidneys. 



404 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Irrespective of all causes, the want of sufficient exercise in 
the open air is the most worthy of notice, for if he does not oxi- 
dize the nourishment he takes, he must forever remain a suf- 
ferer. 

The formation of uric acid, its presence in the kidneys in 
excess of what the urine can carry off, leaves a deposit in the 
kidney which will give rise to pain of variable intensity in the 
kidney, bladder, urethra ; hence the danger of renal colic, hema- 
turia. 

Perverted nutrition invariably gives rise to uric acid, and if 
this is not excreted, gout or rheumatism is ushered in. 

The nitrites clear the blood of uric acid, dilate the blood-ves- 
sels, promote free elimination. 

The presence of a large percentage of uric acid in the blood 
will irritate any weakened tissue or gland, and give rise to an 
indefinite number of maladies. 

Gravel, Red or Uric Acid. — In health the urine is very 
slightly acid, but very nearly neutral; but when there is dis- 
ease, when the co-ordinating chemical centre is damaged or 
weakened, there is a perversion in nutrition, and the urine will 
be found acid. The acid diathesis, then, is a state in which the 
nerve-centres are impaired, and the starchy or saccharine ele- 
ments of the food are changed into uric acid instead of fulfilling 
the purposes of nutrition. 

Causes. — The causes that act upon the co-ordinating chemi- 
cal centre in producing this faulty condition of digestion and 
assimilation are numerous, as monotony of life, isolation, soli- 
tary confinement, sameness of diet and habits; mucous dys- 
pepsia, disease of the liver, and pancreas ; imperfect aeration of 
blood by skin and lungs; rapid oxidation of the fibrin of the 
blood, as we have in fever and inflammation; excessive mus- 
cular exercise ; the lactic acid of rheumatism is changed for the 
purpose of elimination into uric acid. 

Symptoms. — It is to be recognized by the persistent and 
more or less copious deposit in the urine of a brick-dust sedi- 
ment ; it may be only a few grains, and in some cases it is quite 
considerable. In mild cases it may not appear till urine has 
cooled ; in more severe forms, it is deposited at once. There is 
always associated with it depression of the nervous system, in 
some cases amounting to prostration; undefined sensations of 
irritation in the loins ; sometimes excruciating pain in the kid- 
neys ; nausea, vomiting, aching in the thighs ; retraction of the 
testicles ; irritation of ovary ; itching at the orifice of the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 405 

urethra; irritable bladder, with continence or incontinence of 
urine. The passage of the urine causes a burning or smarting 
sensation ; and when the uric acid crystals are large, a cutting, 
tearing sensation, as if particles of glass were being passed, 
with bearing-down and prostration. 

Treatment. — Special attention should be made to give the 
patient immediate relief, and this can only be done by the 
immediate administration of large doses of the green root tinc- 
ture of gelsemium and passiflora, following these with the uric 
acid solvent and the removal of causes. 

Gravel, White, or the Phosphatic Diathesis. — This 
is a cachexia in which the urine is persistently loaded with 
phosphates and chlorides, which are deposited in the form 
of a floury mass, or white, gritty substance, calcareous in its 
character, called white gravel. The urine may or may not be 
alkaline. 

When human urine becomes alkaline, it is due to one or 
other of the following conditions : To excess of the alkaline 
carbonates of potassa and soda, which is apt to occur after a 
meal, especially of fruit and vegetables; to excessive elimina- 
tion of the phosphates, as in brain and bone waste; to the 
formation of ammonia in the urine from decomposition of urea. 

The reaction of the healthy urine in the twenty-four hours 
is slightly acid; but if separate samples are taken at different 
intervals, great variation is observed; and these are constant. 
The acid reaction increases and diminishes, commonly, with the 
secretion of gastric juice, — acid before a meal, alkaline after 
and during digestion. This is called the alkaline tide, and may 
be caused by the entering of newly-digested products into the 
blood, or a preponderance of alkaline bases in articles of diet. 

There is another channel by which acid is withdrawn from 
the blood besides the gastric juice secretion, and that is by the 
lungs. The exhalation of carbonic acid gas by the lungs is 
increased by food and the conscious state, and diminished by 
fasting and sleep. 

The urine need not, however, be alkaline, in the phosphatic 
diathesis; it is sufficient, in order to constitute this condition, 
that there be an excessive elimination of brain elements, that 
it be loaded with phosphates, the metamorphosis of such tissue. 

Causes. — Cerebral exhaustion, shattered nervous system, 
nervous disease, nervous dyspepsia, chronic disease, irritation 
transmitted, study, worry, gout, sexual excesses, etc. 

Symptoms. — The general indications are those of an intense 



406 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

nervous temperament ; white skin ; sharp features ; emaciation ; 
some chronic or nervous disease. There is no pain or irritation 
whatever ; hence it is often unobserved by the patient ; so there 
are few symptoms but the amount of gravel present in the urine 
each twenty-four hours, which, grain for grain, represents so 
much waste of brain-tissue, just as the uric acid represents 
fibrin, muscle, etc. If the alkaline condition be present, it is due 
to two causes : either from the presence of the carbonate of a 
fixed alkali (potash or soda), or of the alkaline phosphate of 
sodium ; or from the presence of the carbonate of the volatile 
alkali, ammonia, which is due to the decomposition of urea. 

The white gravel that is deposited in the last, the decompo- 
sition of urea, is formed as follows : Healthy urine contains 
phosphate of magnesium in a state of solution; if the urine 
becomes alkaline from decomposition of urea, a portion of the 
ammonia combines with the phosphate of magnesium and 
forms a triple salt, which is insoluble in the urine. This triple 
phosphate is usually an admixture of phosphate of lime. Urine 
of this kind, being allowed to settle, a scum forms on its surface, 
which, under the microscope, resembles the salts we have de- 
scribed. But the urine may become alkaline from the presence 
of the carbonate of potassa or soda, and then, no ammonia 
being present, instead of the triple salt, there is a deposit of 
amorphous phosphate of lime. In these cases the urine is 
generally alkaline, pale, copious, slightly turbid, of a low spe- 
cific gravity, and of a peculiar odor. In these cases select ozone 
water alternated with kenhalin granules, then use in alternation 
nitromuriatic acid and cinchona. 

GRINDELIA. — The entire herb Grindelia robusta, which 
grows in California, is used. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Possesses strong bactericide proper- 
ties, which render it of great value in all microbial affections 
of mucous membranes, as whooping- cough, asthma, bronchitis, 
ophthalmia, leukorrhea, uterine catarrh. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract is the best form for 
general use. Doses, variable from 10 to 30 drops and upwards. 

GROWING PAINS.— Are supposed to exist when the 
osseous system grows more rapid than the muscular. 

This condition is common in our large cities, where bony nu- 
trition is defective owing to the phosphates in bread being de- 
stroyed by alum and ammonia. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 407 

Myalgia from fatigue : this is the commonest variety, usually 
about the knees and ankles after unusual exertion. They are 
probably due to auto-infection brought about by excessive pro- 
duction of effete materials in the blood and their inefficient 
elimination. Elevating the limbs and rubbing with the palm of 
the hand in a direction towards the heart, relieving venous 
stasis and facilitating a supply of healthy blood to the exhausted 
muscles promptly quiets the pain. Rheumatism : this is second, 
if not first, in frequency. There are slight pain in the joints, 
little or no swelling, and very mild fever, and hence the true 
cause is recognized; but rheumatic, endocarditis frequently 
develops in these cases. Diseases of joints and bones of the 
lower extremities : Cases of hip-joint disease and suppurative 
epiphysitis of the upper end of the fibula, diagnosed by the 
laity and allowed to go on untreated, are related under this 
heading. 

GUAIACOL. — A bactericide isolated from creosote, a 
strongly refractive, oily, colorless, limpid liquid, of an aromatic 
odor, soluble in 200 parts of water, especially destructive to the 
tubercular bacilli, and has the remarkable property while being 
taken of augmenting vital force. 

A most eligible method of administration is as follows : 
Guaiacol, 15 grains; alcohol, 8 ounces; fluid extract American 
columbo, 1 ounce. Mix. Dose: from 5 to 15 drops added to 
water after meals, which can be gradually increased; it kills 
the bacilli as an inevitable result, a disappearance of cough, 
hectic, sweats, emaciation with a remarkable increase of appe- 
tite. A splendid remedy with which to alternate the glycerite 
of ozone. 

The guaiacol mistura ozonized is the best form in which to 
administer it; this is composed of guaiacol, glycerin, Ameri- 
can columbo, and dioxide of hydrogen. 

This preparation is of inestimable value in every case of tu- 
berculosis. Its antagonism to that germ is well known, and its 
power in eradicating it from the blood and tissues duly appre- 
ciated. A germicide capable, when administered, of rendering 
the whole body unfit for microbic growth, soon becomes appre- 
ciated by the profession. 

My experience with mistura guaiacol in typhoid fever has 
been quite extensive, and in every case most salutary, for be- 
sides killing the bacillus in the intestinal glands, neutralizes the 
toxins, it exercises a remarkable influence over nutrition, di- 
gestion and assimilation. 



408 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Mistura guaiacol has a remarkable influence on the vital 
forces of the body, enabling them to resist the evolution and 
growth of disease germs; it has a direct inhibitory action on 
all bacteria. 

Take it all in all, it is very doubtful whether in the entire 
materia medica we have a remedy equal in value to the guaiacol 
suppository in the treatment and cure of tuberculosis. First 
unload the rectum, thrice daily, with small enemata of some 
nutrient fluid, and as soon as passed insert and retain a guaiacol 
suppository. Its steady, persistent use soon, very soon, ren- 
ders all the solids and fluids of the body untenable for either 
the bacillus of tubercle or its toxin. It is a perfect annihilator 
of the germ; hence cough, hemoptysis, night sweating, diar- 
rhea, wasting, etc., rapidly disappear, followed by reconstruc- 
tion of vital force. Even inhalation in severe causes must not 
be overlooked. 

GUAIACUM. — Fluid extract prepared from the resin is of 
great efficacy in the destruction of the amylobacta of rheuma- 
tism. A decoction of the wood administered freely is also a 
germicide and diaphoretic, valuable in rheumatism. 

GUARANA. — The seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, growing in 
Brazil. 

Chemistry. — It contains an active principle called guaranin, 
which is identical with caffein, tannin, gum, extractive matter. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Being a powerful nerve stimulant, it is 
valuable in nervous or anemic headaches; its astringent prop- 
erties render it of efficacy in diarrhea and dysentery. 

The best preparation is a well-prepared fluid extract in doses 
of irom 10 to 30 drops as indicated. 

The elixirs have little medicinal property, but contain chiefly 
bad whisky. 

HABITS. — Man has both instinctive and moral faculties, 
and is in addition a creature of habit, with too often a perverted 
appetite to the use of alcohol, tobacco, opium, chloral, arsenic. 
In the eradication of these states of perversion, absolute control 
of patient is necessary to success; then diminish dose by dose 
without the knowledge of the patient, and substitute coca with 
tincture of oats or full doses of passiflora incarnata, alternated 
with cerebrin, with two hours' massage morning and night, 
followed by electricity. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 409 

Success is promoted by correcting abnormal condition of di- 
gestive functions by appropriate remedies. It is most im- 
portant to keep patient well nourished. 

Habits are becoming fearfully common throughout our en- 
tire country, the largest proportion of which are caused by a 
want of thought on the part of the attending physician. 

There is a numerous class of neurotic people for whom the 
physician cannot prescribe alcohol, morphine, chloral, cocain 
and similar drugs without the danger of starting a habit, which 
eventually terminates in a disease. Sensitive, weak people, full 
of pains and aches of a fugitive and erratic character, suscep- 
tible to the slightest fluctuations of temperature, atmospheric 
changes, etc., with minds always dwelling on their infirmities^ 
soon discover that such a prescription lends them artificial, un- 
real strength, a deceptive feeling of well-being. They are un- 
able to reckon the cost, and even if they were made to under- 
stand that the sense of strength and calmness, or exhilaration, 
is temporary, due to a physical illusion, produced at the ex- 
pense of vitality, are often so reckless or so helpless that they 
will not forego the habit. 

A physician thoroughly cognizant of man's instinctive and 
moral nature locates all the trouble in the great sympathetic. 
Clinically it has been very extensively tested that if a half or 
more of a teaspoonful of ozonized passiflora were administered 
with the habit- forming remedies no habit would be formed. 
No craving would exist, and even if formed would be blotted 
out. 

The coming remedy of the twentieth century is to be ozo- 
nized tincture of passiflora incarnata in every prescription ; for 
every disease to which the human body is susceptible it will be 
given. No matter what the malady may be, passiflora is indi- 
cated to vitalize the great sympathetic, the seat, to obliterate 
all neuroses. 

HAMAMELIS. — The bark and leaves of the Hamamelis 
Virginian a, which grows in Canada and the United States. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Possesses invaluable astringent, styptic 
properties, and is useful in hemorrhages from mucous mem- 
branes, as in epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis, menorrhagia, 
hemorrhoids, hematin bruises, wounds. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract in doses of one or 
two drams. 

The ozonized distillation of the green leaves contains all the 



410 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

"hazelin" of the witch-hazel; the volatile principle, a clear, 
elegant and efficacious product, is unequaled for contusions, 
sprains, swellings; its properties are highly germicidal, ano- 
dyne, sedative, styptic, tonic, astringent- — also used internally. 
The ozonized distillation excels all other preparations. 

HARELIP. — Harelip is one of the commonest of congen- 
ital deformities, due to alcoholic conception, and takes its name 
from the resemblance to the cleft lip of the hare, with the differ- 
ence, however, that in the latter the cleft is always in the middle 
of the lip, whereas in the child the cleft is to one side or the 
other of the middle line. Harelip is frequently associated 
with the condition known as cleft palate, and probably the ori- 
gin of the deformity is the same in each case. 

The principles on which the success of the operation depends 
are simple. The edges of the cleft must be pared, so that when 
brought together the raw edges may unite. These edges must 
be brought together so that the red line of the lip is continuous. 
During healing the parts must be kept perfectly at rest. The 
raw edges are usually kept together by means of long pins 
which pass from one side to the other of the wound. The ends 
of these pins project out of the skin, and are kept in position 
by means of catgut, or other forms of suture, which is passed 
over each projecting end from one to the other in figure-of-8 
fashion. Outside all, the parts are drawn together by means 
of a long strip of plaster passing from cheek, to cheek. 

After the operation the child is able to feed by suction, and 
it is advisable that the mouth should be opened as little as pos- 
sible. If the child be not an infant, care must be taken to pre- 
vent it from meddling with the pins, etc. In order to do this 
it is even found at times necessary to tie the child's hands in 
such a manner as to make it impossible for it to touch its mouth. 
The harelip pins should be removed on the second or third day 
after the operation ; if retained any longer they give rise to a 
furrow in the lip which is afterwards followed by a scar. The 
stitches may be left in a clay or two longer. When removing 
the pins the surgeon usually takes care not to disturb the figure- 
of-8 ligature, for this becomes encrusted with blood and ad- 
herent to the lips, and thus helps to hold the parts in position. 
The strap of sticking-plaster is kept on until complete healing 
has occurred— that is, for about a fortnight. 

HAY FEVER OR ASTHMA (Bacillus Subtilis).—So- 
-called hay fever, because the pollen of certain grasses, coming 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 411 

in contact with the periphery of the olfactory nerve in the nose 
and sinuses of the head, Eustachian tube, lachrymal duct, give 
rise to altered nutrition, a degradation of primary elements 
into other living matter, a disease germ. 

In every case of hay fever there exists in the affected indi- 
vidual a predisposition, a neurasthenic condition which permits 
of the pollen exciting, evolving this peculiar bacillus. 

The recognition of hay fever is easy; there is an intense pov- 
erty of nerve force, a perfect state of neurasthenia; then the 
season and susceptibility, hay, roses, grapes, ragweed — general 
languor, "lassitude, debility, headache, sneezing, lachrymation, 
goneness, cough, wheezing, bronchial irritation, pyrexia, gen- 
eral disorder of the whole body. 

In microscopical examination of the nasal discharge the ba- 
cillus subtilis is seen in the form of cylindrical rods of variable 
lengths and breadths. Originally they appear as threads, which 
become developed into rods and cocci. They are motile and 
provided with a flagellum at each end. 

Precisely the same microbe can be obtained from an infusion 
of hay, or dog-grass, which can be isolated, and will grow pro- 
digiously in any nourishing medium, by spore formation and 
division by segments. 

The microbe is pathogenic of hay fever or asthma; bears 
cultivation well in any vegetable infusion. The inoculation of 
the cultures or their hypodermic injection into animals pro- 
duces the disease. 

. The germ in its growth in individuals greatly broken clown 
excretes a ptomain of a very toxical character, which gives rise 
to great constitutional disturbance. 

To sterilize and completely annihilate this bacillus there must 
be a union of different forms of bactericides, as it is often 
impossible to move patients from the sphere of contagion. 

An excellent plan is to sterilize the lining membrane of the 
nose by the introduction of jelly of violets, painting it on the 
interior of the nose or a few grains can be dissolved in tepid 
water as a douche, or by painting the parts with resorcin or 
thymol jelly, or ozonized iodine ; or inhalations of menthol, or 
thymol. 

Bactericides internally should be administered so as to ster- 
ilize the blood, thus prevent spore evolution; the best reme- 
dies for this purpose are the distillation of the pine needles : 
nitroglycerin ; nitrite of amy! ; comp. syr. tolu ; sulphate of 
spartein ; euphorbia pilulifera ; pyridin. Apply the jelly of vio- 



412 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

lets in all cases. Although the jelly of violets, which is incom- 
parable in its action, relieving and curing the worst cases, even 
when the eyes and nasal organ are badly affected, and in old 
chronic cases of ten or twelve years' standing, it is a specific. 

HAZELIN. — The actice principle distilled from the 
Hamamelis virginiana by the aid of ozone gas gives us a re- 
markable germicidal remedy, and a tonic, and hemostatic. This 
ozonized preparation is a pleasant, slightly acid, clear, fragrant 
liquid, and is soothing, cooling, bland, astringent, and kills all 
microbes with which it is brought in contact. 

One of the best, non-irritating germicides that can be used 
in any form of nasal catarrh. As a mouth wash and gargle for 
aphthae, nothing can excel it. It has a softening, healing influ- 
ence on the skin, and is excellent for bleaching all cutaneous 
discolorations. 

In all forms of ophthalmia, as a local antiseptic, its action is 
unexcelled. Under its use, diluted with an equal part of water, 
poured on absorbent cotton, kept constantly wet and applied to 
the eye, pain, intolerance of light, redness, mucopurulent dis- 
charge, cease ; it acts promptly, most admirably. 

It annihilates bacteria, whenever brought in contact with this 
microbe. If the erysipelas blush is kept moist with it, the germs 
as they appear on the skin are killed. 

It is well known that in embolism, thrombosis, phlegmasia 
dolens, membranous dysmenorrhea, the blood of the affected 
individual is germ-laden with bacteria, and that the old treat- 
ment with belladonna and preparations of potassa to keep up 
the fluidity of the blood is entirely superseded by the internal 
and local use of this never-failing germicide. It is this action 
which renders it so valuable in piles ; indeed, its utility in vari- 
cose veins, varicocele, if its use is persevered with, all varicosi- 
ties are permanently and effectually removed. 

Its astringent properties are much superior to ergot or digi- 
talis in hemorrhage, either from the lungs or uterus. 

As a dressing to wounds it is of very decided value, invari- 
ably promoting union by first intention. 

HEADACHE. — Headache depends on many causes : nerv- 
ous is the most common, dependent on a poverty of nerve force ; 
congestive, due to worry, overwork, exhaustion, stooping ; bil- 
ious, from impaired action of the liver; microbial, due to in- 
haling germ-laden air, as sewer-gas; reflex, as irritation in 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 413 

stomach, bowels, liver ; anemia, exhaustion from loss of blood ; 
cerebro-spinal anemia, a sensation as if a nail was being driven 
into the head. 

Regulate all secretions; daily alkaline bathing; use the 
shower-bath; flannel clothing, nourishing food, avoidance of 
brain tension or worry. 

After cause has been removed, select special drugs to meet 
the different forms, as passiflora; nitroglycerin; nitrite amyl; 
coca wine ; cinchona ; gelsemium ; guarana or caffein ; aconite ; 
belladonna; sambul. 

The periodical recurrence of headache with many persons is 
a grievous affliction. Those who suffer from it should correct 
every habit and avoid all indiscretions which they know are 
likely to be followed by an attack. They should also overcome 
every derangement of the system which exists, if possible, and 
strengthen every part and function of the same. In fact, they 
should treat at first not the head and its aches, but endeavor 
to build up the general health. In the attempt to do so they 
must not indiscriminately dose themselves with drugs, but 
rather depend upon pure air, exercise, sufficient sleep, good, 
wholesome food, and other measures of like character. 

One of the greatest essentials in treatment will be a careful 
selection of diet and a rigid restriction to those articles of food 
which, in their experience, have proved the least burdensome 
to their digestive organs. There is no dietary which is alike 
suited to alL Each must learn what, and how much, is proper 
for him or her to eat, and what should be avoided, and those 
substances which are known to be difficult of digestion should 
never be indulged in. While careful not to tax the stomach, 
they must keep the bowels active. If constipation exists, head- 
aches are quite certain to occur. 

Under this simple treatment, if properly employed and per- 
sisted in, many who are victims of sick headaches will suffer 
less often, or escape entirely, those distressing visitations. 

Perpetual headache — a headache which can be readily con- 
founded with true migrain, as there are paroxysmal exacerba- 
tions, although there is no vomiting or nausea. The headache 
is generally localized in the frontal region, rarely in the temples, 
vertex or occiput. The trouble possesses none of the character- 
istics of syphilitic headache. It is more frequently found in 
women than in men, and is generally associated with neuras- 
thenia. Give in such cases periodate aurum on retiring and be- 
fore every meal a kephalin granule. 



414 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

HEART, THE. — The heart is the central organ of the cir- 
culation, is placed obliquely in the chest, the base upward, 
the point, or apex, being so situated as, in the liv- 
ing body, to strike the side of the chest, or beat, be- 
tween the fifth and sixth ribs, about two inches below the left 
nipple ; this point, however, and indeed the position of the heart 
generally, is liable to alteration according to the position of the 
body. The size of the heart is generally computed to be a 
little more than that of the closed fist of the individual; the 
organ is contained in its own proper bag, or pericardium, which 
in the healthy state is lined by an extremely smooth moistened 
membrane; this membrane is also reflected or carried over the 
surface of the heart itself; and thus during the constant mo- 
tion the two surfaces glide easily and without friction over each 
other, the heart lying sufficiently loose in its bag to permit of 
free movement. The heart is often described as a hollow 
muscle; it consists of four cavities, surrounded by muscular 
walls, and is, in fact, a double heart, this being requisite for 
the performance of the double circulation — through the body 
and through the lungs. Of these four cavities the left auricle 
and ventricile are devoted to the circulation of the blood 
through the body after its return in a purified state from the 
lungs ; the right ventricle and auricle being devoted to the lung 
circulation. The course of the circulation may be traced 
through the great veins, which ultimately terminate on the right 
side of the heart in the right auricle ; the blood then passes into 
the right ventricle, from which it is propelled through the pul- 
monary artery into the lungs, where, coming into contact with 
the air, it becomes arterialized or purified ; it is afterwards re- 
turned to the left side of the heart to be propelled by the left 
ventricle to all parts of the body, through the medium of the 
large blood-vessel, the aorta. 

The auricle and ventricle on the right side of the heart have 
not, when properly formed, any communication with the cor- 
responding cavities on the left side ; but the auricle and ventricle 
on each side are separated from each other, and from the blood- 
vessels with which they are connected, by means of valves — so 
arranged and governed in the motions of the heart that the 
hlood can only pass in the right direction when the valves are 
in a healthy state ; but should these valves become diseased in 
any way, the proper currents of the blood are interfered with, 
and disease is the result. Thus the passage from the great 
blood-vessel, the aorta, to the heart is closed by three "semi- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 415 

lunar" valves, which allow the blood to pass freely into the ves- 
sel, but should it attempt to return, these bag-like valves in- 
stantly close the passage — the blood itself acting as the closing 
agent — and this action takes place once for every beat of the 
heart. 

At every contraction of the ventricles the heart raises itself 
somewhat, its point presses forward and moves slightly from 
left to right, and also twists from left to right, owing to the 
spinal course of some of the heart fibres. Like any other mus- 
cle the heart becomes harder during contraction, and its length 
is diminished. 

When the heart is listened to two sounds are heard, which 
are called the first and second sounds of the heart. The heavy 
sound heard at the moment of the heart-beat is the first sound ; 
the sharp, clicking sound which immediately follows is the 
second. The first sound is caused by the closing of the mitral 
and tricuspid valves, by the contraction of the muscular sub- 
stance of the heart, and by the impact of the heart against 
the walls of the chest. The second sound is due to the closure 
of the aortic and pulmonary valves after the contraction of the 
ventricles. The average rapidity of the heart's beat is about 
seventy pulsations to the minute in the male, seventy-five to 
eighty in the female; but this is subject to considerable variation 
with age, etc., under various circumstances. In childhood the 
pulse is more rapid. Exercise, postures demanding exertion, 
such as standing, increase the rapidity of the heart's action. 

The nerves of the heart have been a subject of interest with 
pathologists. They are derived chiefly from the ganglia of the 
great sympathetic, a few only coming from the pneumogastric, 
but these latter seem rather to inosculate or communicate with 
the plexuses of the former than to directly supply the texture 
of the organ. The cardiac ganglion seems more particularly to 
preside over the actions of the heart, or to reinforce with ad- 
ditional energy whatever it may receive from other sources, 
especially from the centre of the ganglial system, and the other 
ganglia in the neck and chest. These nerves supply the sub- 
stance of the heart in two ways: 1. There are numerous 
branches which proceed from plexuses directly to the muscular 
texture, and which, dipping between the fibres, give off minute 
fibrillje to the muscular fibres next to them in their descent into 
the substance of the heart. 2. A large "portion of the cardiac 
nerves form a reticulum around the coronary arteries. A part 
of these follow the arteries to their distribution; but before 



416 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

these arteries are ramified minutely, a part of the nerves sur- 
rounding them is detached to adjoining tissues, so that all the 
nerves reticulated around the coronary arteries do not accom- 
pany them to their ultimate distributions. 

The actions of the heart may reasonably be referred chiefly 
to the influence which the ganglial nervous system bestows on 
the muscular structure of the organ. 

The principal organic diseases of the heart include pericar- 
ditis, endocarditis, valvular disease, dilatation, hypertrophy and 
degenerations. 

Pericarditis, or inflammation of the pericardium, is a very 
serious complaint. It arises in the course of acute rheumatism 
and Bright's disease, or from exposure to cold and damp, or, 
in rarer cases, it may be due to injury. 

Symptoms. — Great pain and tenderness over the heart, in- 
creased by pressure, so great that the patient is unable to lie 
upon his left side. The heart acts more frequently. Palpita- 
tion is common. There is great depression, and the counte- 
nance expresses alarm. The neighboring pleura also often be- 
comes inflamed, so that some symptoms of pleurisy — cough, 
acute pain at each inspiration, etc. — are present. Fluid, often 
in large quantity, collects in the pericardium around the heart, 
and may cause visible bulging over the cardiac area. 

Treatment. — Rest and quiet. Warm moist applications to 
the chest. For the pain, give passiflora in large doses with 
glycerite of wintergreen. The diet should be nourishing (with 
stimulants if necessary. ) No other medicines are of use in the 
acute stages. Later on tonics are needful. When a large 
amount of fluid is present, it may be necessary to tap the peri- 
cardium. 

Endocarditis {Micrococcus) . — In all forms of inflamma- 
tion of the internal lining membrane of the heart, whether the 
original cause be gout, rheumatism or some grave depressing 
passion, there is usually a disease germ present, which possesses 
great powers of reproduction. 

The presence of this germ in all cases of endocarditis is 
recognized by the following landmarks: irregular action of 
heart, great difficulty of breathing, palpitation, irregular pulse, 
pain and uneasiness about the heart. 

After death the streptococci are found upon the thickened 
valves of the heart — they are seen in the form of small chains, 
linked irregularly together; later on they assume the form of 
zooglea, and are found congregated together, and form plugs 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 417 

in the muscular substance of the heart. In the detritus of the 
ulceration which follows they are found in chains. 

When the sympathetic system is greatly shattered this germ 
assumes great microbial growth, engorging the entire muscular 
structure, causing abscess and other grave changes. 

The micrococcus is most difficult to sterilize or annihilate; 
spartein, passiflora, adonidin, strophanthus cause the germ to 
wither and die. 

Endocarditis, or inflammation of the internal lining mem- 
brane of the heart, is most often a complication of acute rheu- 
matism and Bright's disease. 

Symptoms. — Palpitation, rapid pulse, some fever, and dif- 
ficulty in breathing. The valves of the heart are often attacked 
and the normal sounds of the heart are altered. 

Treatment. — Warm applications or even counter-irritants; 
rest ; quiet ; sedatives, passiflora. 

Atrophy of the Heart. — A condition in which there is 
a decrease, a diminution in the weight and size of the whole or- 
gan, easily recognized by vertigo, increasing debility, very fee- 
ble action ; sounds almost inaudible ; area of dullness much less 
than normal; pulse almost imperceptible; slowed respiration; 
lowered heat ; syncope ; heart failure. 

The principal nerve supply being from the great sympathetic 
and pneumogastric, the influence of toxins, great mental de- 
pression, shocks and concussions should be well guarded 
against. In either atrophy or hypertrophy of the heart-muscle, 
if not cured, the sequel is fatty degeneration. 

Before and during the efforts at cure, all cardiac depressants, 
such as tea, tobacco, beer, sexual congress, worry, fret, must 
be strictly forbidden, and the aim of all treatment should be 
increased nutrition, rest and thrice daily massage, which dilates 
the blood-vessels, imparts tonicity to the organ — rich diet; 
light, easily digested; so that it be readily assimilated. 

To stimulate the nutrition of the heart, locally keep a guaia- 
col plaster over the region of the heart twelve hours out of the 
twenty- four; internally, either nitroglycerin alternated with 
creatinin, the muscle alkaloid or kephalin granules. 

To increase muscular growth, thyroid extract of the lamb, 
protonuclein and c. p. solution of spermin are of undoubted ex- 
cellency ; but the dose must be small and guarded with an ex- 
perienced hand. 

Occasional doses of dioxide of hydrogen and pellets of cac- 
tus grandiflorus must not be overlooked. If a toxin or pto- 



4-i8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

main be suspected, as lead, mercury, syphilis, auto-intoxication, 
the action of iodide potass is most salutary. 

Arsenic, Fowler's solution, cacodylate of sodium, small 
doses, bracing to the muscle-fibres ; spartein also good. 

Hypertrophy of the Heart. — A most common condition, 
due to overestimation, excessive nutrition; organic disease of 
the kidneys, and its entire substance is greatly increased in bulk 
and weight over the normal standard. Easily recognized by 
the frequent, audible and visible sounds; bulging of the pre- 
cordial region; numbness of left arm; area of dullness in- 
creased; plethora, florid face; action of heart accelerated; 
vertigo, apoplexy; increased respirations and temperature — a 
permanent increase in the force and activity of the organ. 

If the action of the heart be regular, fatty degeneration has 
not supervened, and a favorable prognosis may be entertained. 
To effect this abolish all cardiac depressants, as tobacco, tea, 
beer; avoid all excesses, especially sexual; all ebullitions of pas- 
sion, or any kind of mental excitement or strain. 

In inordinate growth, enlargement, a liberal diet and rest 
must be enjoined. As the nervous supply of the heart is largely 
from the sympathetic, passiflora should be administered 
with a liberal hand and combined with every remedy, on ac- 
count of its purely sympathetic action. If digitalis is adminis- 
tered to contract, diminish the force and frequency of the 
heart-beats, give it with passiflora; if strophanthus is given 
to repress its irritability and ascites, combine it with that 
remedy. 

The heart naturally increases in size with advancing years, 
but the increase is not considerable, and is not regarded as a dis- 
ease. Hypertrophy is simple when the muscular walls are in- 
creased in thickness, and there is no other change in the organ. 
When at the same time there is no expansion or enlargement 
of one or more of the cavities, whose walls are hypertrophied, 
it is eccentric hypertrophy, or hypertrophy with dilatation. 
Some recognize a concentric hypertrophy, or an increase in the 
thickness of the cardiac substance and a diminution of the cor- 
responding cavity or cavities. But the better opinion is that 
this diminution is not the result of disease, but announces that 
natural contraction, more or less complete, was the last act of 
cardiac life. The internal cause of hypertrophy is an increase 
in the number of muscular fibres in the cardiac walls, and not 
an increase in the size of the original fibres. Cardiac hyper- 
trophy is analogous to the enlargement of the blacksmith's 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 419 

arm or turner's leg : new demands made on its strength produce 
a multiplication of its muscular fibres. 

The cause of this enlargement is generally some obstacle to 
the circulation, requiring increased strength of muscle to over- 
come it, as a diseased valve, or a tumor pressing upon a large 
artery, or a large organ so diseased that the circulation through 
it is seriously obstructed. It is produced by the mental emo- 
tions, which increase the force and frequency of heart-beats, 
as frequent anger and the anxieties that excite the heart (some 
depress its action), and, it may be added, by causes that have 
not yet been discovered. Its subjective manifestations are a 
strong impulse of the heart-beat, which, however, may be very 
strong and never be noticed by the affected person, and short- 
ness of breath on exertion, and very little else. The physician 
discovers it by many signs, chief of which is the extension of 
dullness on percussion to the left of the line already given as 
the left boundary of the healthy heart. The heart, once en- 
larged, never returns again to its original size, and alone it 
rarely causes death. This usually is the result of secondary 
disorders (apoplexy or kidney disease), or it may wait for the 
intercurrence of other entirely distinct diseases. 

Hypertrophy, increase in size, as well as in the multiplication 
and thickness of its muscular fibres, due to overestimation, 
must be carefully diagnosed from enlargement or expansion of 
its cavities, hypertrophy with dilatation. 

The great danger of an enlarged heart, induced either by ex- 
cessive exertion or beer drinking or such like causes, is degen- 
erative changes in the kindeys with albuminuria. 

The presence of uric acid in the blood and tissues gives rise 
to a group of disorders far-reaching and grave, for it invariably 
gives rise to atheromatous changes in the blood-vessels, contrac- 
tion of the arteriole, and is a prime factor in the production 
of enlarged heart. The contraction of the arteriole varies with 
the amount of uric acid in the blood. 

All beer drinkers have enlarged hearts. Discard digitalis 
and strophanthus, heart constrictors ; success in all cases is cer- 
tain with the following: Either five grains or five drops of a 
solution of nitrate of sodium three times daily, in alternation 
with a full half-teaspoonful of passiflora incarnata between each 
dose. 

Cases in which the uric acid diathesis predominates greatly, 
a teaspoonful of the solvent thrice daily in which either the 
nitrate of sodium or passiflora can be given. 



420 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Dilatation of the Heart is an enlargement of its cavi- 
ties. The left ventricle may be so dilated that its capacity is 
considerably greater than would be sufficient to contain the 
whole of a healthy heart. The dilatation may be in all of the 
four cavities or may be confined to one. The ventricles are 
far more liable to dilatation than the auricles, and the left much 
more than the right. Dilatation and hypertrophy very com- 
monly go together, so that eccentric hypertrophy, or hyper- 
trophy with dilatation, already explained, associated with and 
caused by morbid changes in the shape and function of the 
valves, is the most common form of heart disease. 

The condition of the heart may be regarded as alternately ac- 
tive and passive — active in systole, passive in diastole. If in 
the passive state, while the blood is flowing naturally into a 
heart cavity, there is at the same time a reflux of blood into the 
same cavity in consequence of a defective valve, dilatation of 
that cavity will be sure to occur. The extended wall of such 
a cavity may not be thicker than it is in health, yet as it bounds 
a greater space it will require more material, and is hypertro- 
phied by multiplication of the muscular fibres. In this state 
the heart has been known to weigh sixty ounces, or six times its 
natural weight. They are almost always found in persons who 
have had rheumatism and heart disease in childhood, and have 
grown to manhood with a damaged heart. It is noticeable that 
children bear these cardiac affections better than adults. The 
body, as it grows, seems to accept and tolerate an amount of 
such disease that would overwhelm a grown-up person. When 
it begins thus early it is usually carried to manhood, and often 
to advanced manhood. It is the repetition of the attack which 
is fatal in childhood. 

Dilatation with hypertrophy is, after it reaches a certain 
stage of progress, attended by shortness of breath on exertion, 
sometimes palpitations, irregular heart-beating, and conse- 
quently irregular pulse. Its chief danger is, however, an in- 
duced or secondary Bright's disease, with dropsical swellings 
of the legs and body, without which the common forms of heart 
disease are not generally fatal. There is a form of dilatation 
of the heart in which there is not only no hypertrophy, but in 
which the walls of one or all the cavities gradually grow 
thinner and thinner by fatty degeneration and by absorption of 
the muscular tissue, till this tissue is almost wholly removed, 
and the walls are stretched and expanded in the effort to expel 
the blood from their cavities. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 421 

Valvular Heart Disease. — The cardiac valves may be at- 
tacked by inflammation and become thickened or ulcerated. 
The valvular opening may become narrowed, and the valve 
work imperfectly. As a result, the following symptoms may 
be present : Headache, digestive disturbances, congestion of 
liver, congestion of the kidneys, piles, fainting fits, apoplexy 
and dropsy. There is also oppression of breathing, either pallor 
or lividity of the face, and depression of spirits. On auscul- 
tation the heart's sounds are found to be altered in character, 
and these changed sounds or murmurs enable the physician to 
determine the valve affected. As a result of valvular disease 
extra work is thrown upon the heart, and it therefore enlarges 
or hypertrophies. When the extra work is too great the cavi- 
ties of the heart often dilate and their walls get thinner. Hence 
dilatation of the heart, which is characterized by a failing and 
feeble circulation and great exhaustion. 

Heart Failure. — The male and female sexual systems, the 
entire reproductive and urinary apparatus of both sexes, de- 
rive their principal nerve supply from the general reservoir 
of the great sympathetic, on which depends the performance of 
all vital functions. 

The heart, stomach, intestines, also larynx and lungs, in all 
civilized men, derive an abundant nerve supply from the same 
source. 

Drain oft this nerve supply by grief, worry, care. Exhaust 
this nerve supply by sexual excesses, masturbation, with its 
sequel spermatorrhea, and there is at once a want of nutrition 
from the sympathetic and a failure on the part of vital organs, 
especially the heart. 

The weakness of the heart-muscle is visible in the unsteady 
gait, in the bloodless brain, in the vertigo; the cold, clammy 
hands and feet : the cold, moist skin ; in the weakness of all the 
tissues; in the greater frequency of varicocele in all mastur- 
bators and libertines. 

Heart failure is becoming exceedingly common among both 
young and middle-aged men, and should in all cases receive 
prompt attention by checking off all seminal losses, which are 
productive of cardiac disease. 

In the adaptation of remedies for the cure of heart failure, 
nervous insufficiency, we must bear in mind that the special 
nerve force which presides over the circulation of the blood 
is furnished by the vasomotor system. This part of our ner- 
vous organism is formed by the intermingling of fibres from 



422 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

both the cerebrospinal and sympathetic system, so that the 
heart and circulation of the blood is subject to this influence. 

Every possible cause must be removed, and every effort made 
to brace up the cardiac nerves, physical and mental rest or re- 
pose enjoined; no care, no worry; nutrition increased; sexual 
congress, tea, tobacco, alcoholic drinks rigidly forbidden. 

Local stimulation over the region of the heart and cervical 
portion of the spinal cord persistently maintained. 

We will briefly enumerate a few of the newer remedies, which 
clinical experience has demonstrated to be of utility in heart 
failure, and which have a remarkable action for good upqn ; a 
weakened heart. 

The thyroid extract is of undoubted efficacy in heart failure. 
This secretion lies at the very origin of organic life, the vital 
element of all the tissues of the body. The more thyroid ex- 
tract that is carefully and cautiously administered and assimi- 
lated the greater the activity of life. It is this secretion which 
stimulates the heart, rouses up the pink marrow, to elaborate 
more red blood. Great care must be exercised in its exhibi- 
tion, small doses frequently repeated. 

A human heart, abundantly covered with a well-developed 
sympathetic nerve, subjected to chemical analysis, contains a 
very large amount of alkaloidal substance termed creatinin. 
In the heart of a sexually-exhausted man there is found little 
if any of this vitalizing body. Unassailable chemical evidence 
shows this. Besides, there is an atrophied condition of the 
sympathetic. In other words, he is soulless. Nerve and car- 
diac nutrition are demanded. The thyroid extract stimulates 
the evolution of the organic cell. The heart-muscle owes its 
intrinsic activity, its perfect growth to creatinin; its nerve 
supply to kephalin. 

The paucity of creatinin in all animal hearts has been well 
attested. The white meat of the quail and pheasant contains an 
immense supply of this substance, and should be freely eaten by 
every one suffering from heart failure, as it strengthens the 
heart in a remarkable degree. 

Kephalin should not be overlooked. Its exhibition reaches 
the immense ramifications of the great sympathetic in the chest 
and abdomen, and will always be. found a good remedy in car- 
diac neurasthenia. 

• Ferratin, animalized iron extracted from calves' liver, is one 
of the very best of remedies for building up the hemoglobin of 
the blooc}- .It is of great. value in cardiac failure, as it is assimi- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 423 

lated speedily, acts promptly. It is our best preparation in 
weak heart, and never fails to afford admirable results. 

Digitalis, belladonna, cactus grand., and all acro-narcotics 
have no place in heart failure. 

Heart failure directly or indirectly traceable to sexual ex- 
haustion is greatly benefited by the occasional administration of 
the green root tincture of gelsemium, either alone or combined 
with strophanthus. The best results are obtained when the 
heart is really feeble and the circulation languid. The combi- 
nation is excellent. One-quarter of a drop of strophanthus to 
three or five drops of the gelsemium every two or three hours. 
In this form it is remarkably soothing to the nerve centres, 
strengthening to the heart, and completely relieves the insomnia 
incidental to cardiac failure. The addition of passiflora in- 
creases its restorative action. 

The nitrites are invaluable — nitroglycerin and nitrite of 
sodium. The former in the form of a suppository, as the symp- 
athetic nerve can be best, most effectually reached through the 
rectum ; the latter in solution. 

One of the most widely prevailing maladies of the age 
and of our country is a weak heart, a product of neurasthenia. 
The condition of the heart is the index of the physical and 
mental status. The heart acts as a starting point of the circula- 
tion. If its action is strong, vigorous, the life-giving fluid flows 
freely through every tissue, vitalizing them. If the heart is 
feeble, all vital functions are slowed — the stomach does not re- 
ceive enough of blood from which to elaborate gastric juice, 
so there is indigestion : the bowels, skin, kidneys are sluggish, 
and there is deficient elimination ; the brain suffers anemia, as 
is visible in the rapid exhaustion of the mental powers ; there is 
an impairment of all the senses and imperfect nutrition of every 
structure ; the feeble impulse gives us a slowed circulation, with 
cold hands and feet ; a pale or livid surface with cyanotic mu- 
cous membrane. 

To treat anemia, due to cardiac debility, with ordinary tonics 
invariably proves ineffectual. The blood may be normal, but 
if imperfectly distributed there will be friction. The natural 
method of increasing the heart's vigor is exercise, which the 
patient is unable to take, so this must be supplied or supplanted 
by the highest vitalized massage procurable, administered 
morning and night for at least one hour each application. Fric- 
tion and electricity are poor adjuvants compared to massage. 
• Our o-reat reliance, however,. is placed in drugs to repair the 



424 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

structural weakness. We want a remedy, an energetic cardiac 
tonic, one that will improve digestion and supply the needed 
energy to the heart. 

This we have in the comp. matricaria, an incomparable tonic ; 
and as an element of nutrition of the most vitalizing and 
strengthening character, creatinin, the alkaloid of heart-muscle. 

No disease is so rapidly on the increase as failure of the 
cardiac muscle. This may be due to a variety of causes, the 
wear and tear of the brain incidental to our present state of 
civilization to wasting of the heart-muscle, but much more 
generally it can be traced to fatty deposits, the result of de- 
generative changes in the fibres of the muscle itself — a state in 
which its fibres waste, become pale, inelastic, and whose struc- 
ture is replaced by fatty nodules. Besides these degenerative 
changes, the heart itself may become loaded with fat without 
its fibres being implicated. Both of these conditions can be 
detected by the intermittent character of the pulse. It is true 
that intermittency of the pulse is a more common symptom 
than it formerly was, and the explanation is to be found in the 
increased emotional strain and excitement incident to our 
present mode of living, the affection being due to "nervous ex- 
haustion of the vital nervous system.' * When not present in 
an exaggerated degree, intermittency of the pulse is often less 
dangerous than it seems. It does not, as might be feared, carry 
with it the necessary idea of sudden dissolution from heart dis- 
ease, for the heart is the regulator, not the prime mover, of the 
circulation. The harmlessness of the symptom in its moderate 
development is shown by the fact of its common occurrence 
after middle age, and by the long duration of life in many of 
those who present it. At the same time, the symptom has its 
significance. Occurring in infancy, it is an important indica- 
tion of serious nervous derangement. Occurring in young 
adults, it has the same meaning, and tells the story of com- 
mencing failure of power. Occurring suddenly after any great 
event which has told upon the mind, it may be a sign of very 
serious import. By far the greater number of persons whose 
pulse exhibits intermittency are unaware of the fact that only 
in cases where the intermittent period extends over as many as 
five normal heart-beats and is irregular as to time and not pro- 
longed, no real organic change has taken place. But when it oc- 
curs with precision, regularity and is prolonged, with difficult 
breathing, neuralgic pains, vertigo, no doubt can exist. 

Heart failure due to degenerative changes has been, in the 

t 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 425 

minds of all scientific physicians, deemed incurable, — no aid 
from any source, either from diet or drugs, or any line of treat- 
ment, being of any avail. But within these twelve months past 
these ideas have been changed. We have found in the ozonized 
juice of the Phytolacca berries a remedy, which when admin- 
istered will strip the cardiac muscle of fat and replace even adi- 
pose tissue by fleshy fibre. 

The remedy is simply the expressed succus or juice of the 
berries, combined with a definite proportion of negative ozone. 

Two articles should be avoided by all sufferers from alcoholic 
failure of the heart. These are tea and tobacco. The number 
of relapses which we have seen brought about by them are so 
many we almost despair of success so long as they are used. 
They both depress the circulation, and make the craving for 
alcohol extremely severe. Coffee is less objectionable, but it 
may produce flatulency and indigestion. Cocoa is, as a rule, 
very suitable, but milk and water, with, as a change, a little 
fresh lemonade, or a mixture of water and fruit lime juice, 
meet the question of drinks best. Very soon the abstainer from 
alcohol drinks less fluid of every kind. From fifty to eighty 
ounces a day under alcohol, he comes down to thirty or forty, 
is satisfied with soft water pure and simple, and is lighter and 
better for the change. 

It is absolutely necessary, in order to ensure a good recovery 
from alcoholic asthenia of the heart, for the sufferer to get 
plenty of sleep at night. Early to bed is the last prescription, 
and in some senses the best. To bed by nine at night and rest 
of heart in recumbency to seven the next morning is the best 
rule. Let it supplement other hygienic rules, and of the many 
who suffer from failure of the heart from alcoholic drinks, there 
are none that will not be benefited and few that will not be cured 
— assuming always that degeneration has not produced fatal 
changes of vital organic structures. 

Weak Heart. — All hearts are not equally strong, some are 
inherently weak, and an important question is how much can 
it stand without getting out of gear. Whether then there be 
such a thing as functional disease of the heart it is doubtful ; 
there may be reflex disturbance, and even that does not long ex- 
ist without organic lesion. There is a limitation to the capacity 
for work in every heart; it is well to know its extent and de- 
gree. Malnutrition, anemia in the physically and mentally 
overworked are prone to give rise to cardiac weakness, which 
terminates in dilatation. The toxins of all disease germs tell 



426 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

disastrously upon the heart when the great sympathetic is 
highly developed, as is visible in pneumonia and rheumatism. 
Tobacco and alcohol, violent muscular exertion, care, anxiety, 
worry, are the most productive of the malady. 

The most satisfactory remedy to prescribe in all cases of en- 
feebled heart is creatinin, the alkaloid of the heart-muscle, but 
chiefly isolated from the white meat of the quail. This remedy 
completely usurps arsenic, its effects are better, more perma- 
nent. Strophanthus is an excellent cardiac sedative, but if the 
arteries are contracted, elongated, its action must be guarded. 
Nitroglycerin is the best vascular dilator and stimulant. 
Strychnin and matricaria the best heart tonic as well as stimu- 
lant ; digitalis if dilatation has taken place. Local stimulation, 
with guaiacol plaster, invariably of great efficacy. Heart weak- 
ness means heart failure. No such thing as functional disease. 
An all-round remedy, a true cardiac vitalizer, administered in 
every case from its inception to its close, is passiflora incarnata. 
Protonuclein is only of advantage in atrophy. The only reme- 
dies to avoid are the coal-tar derivatives, which are cardiac 
depressors and paralyzers. 

Fatty Degeneration of the Heart. — In this disease the 
muscular fibres of the heart have degenerated and become re- 
placed more or less by fatty material. It is a result of mal- 
nutrition of the heart itself. 

Causes. — Senile decay, long-standing anemia, or other 
chronic disease, other forms of cardiac disease, gout, alcohol- 
ism, phosphorus poisoning, etc. Sedentary occupations and 
habits predispose to this disease. 

Symptoms. — This disease is by far the hardest of all heart 
diseases to diagnose. No symptoms are pathognomonic, but 
there are usually present the following : Pallor, debility, cold- 
ness of extremities, feeble and irregular pulse, perspiration, 
faintness, giddiness and dyspnea. 

A great number of sudden deaths are due to this disease. 

Treatment. — A quiet, regular, uneventful life ; gentle exer- 
cise ; a light, nutritious and stimulating diet, with tonics, par- 
ticularly mix vomica. 

In heart diseases digitalis and strophanthus in small doses 
very useful. 

General obesitv, due to excess of eating and drinking, is 
usuallv associated with gout, in which the adipose tissue is 
deposited on the heart-muscle, whereas when due to other 
chronic poisoning, or to the toxins of typhoid of puerperal 
fever, fatty degeneration of the muscle is the rule. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 427 

Usually exists either as a degeneration of its muscular struc- 
ture and its usurpation by adipose tissue, or an excess of adi- 
pose tissue on its surface, embarrassing its contractions, or com- 
plicated with atheroma of the coronary arteries. 

The efficacy of the ozonized succus or juice of the ripe 
Phytolacca berry, slightly touched by frost to temper its as- 
perity, is attested by all careful observers, in doses of from two 
to fifteen drops, in all cases of fatty heart; a safe, reliable 
remedy for the removal of fat. Bowels and kidneys must be 
kept active, the former with kola-nut paste, the latter with sul- 
phate spartein : sulphate of spartein ten grains, water two 
ounces, mix. Three- or four-drop doses at stated intervals. 

Caffein and creatinin are two of the best heart strengtheners ; 
brace it up ; promote its nutrition. They in all cases should be 
administered in alternation with Phytolacca berry juice. 

There must be an avoidance of all amylaceous and saccha- 
rine substances in diet: alcohol, wines, beer, tea, tobacco are 
forbidden. 

If any other remedies are indicated, try comp. matricaria, a 
heart tonic of inestimable value, one that acts upon respiration, 
digestion and assimilation. 

In all forms, danger of sudden death. In cases of simple 
fatty degeneration of the heart, fatal syncope is extremely li- 
able to occur from excitement, forcible movement, shocks, cold 
bath or very slight injuries. Even cerebral anemia, occasioned 
by a sudden change from the horizontal to the upright position, 
may be the cause of rupture. 

In all cardiac maladies there is an impending danger, and the 
treatment of such cases requires tact and skill. 

Inefficiency of the Heart in the Young. — A condition 
which is becoming very prevalent in the weak, the young, the 
present demands of school life, excessive exercise, climbing 
stairs are productive of it ; the rapid growth of children in our 
climate, a condition in which either the heart-'muscle does not 
keep pace with or participate in. 

An excessively common condition as the result of overwork, 
boat-rowing, base-ball, cyclism or any violent exercise. 

The result of an acute strain may be recovered from under 
rest ; but it is its frequent repetition that must be dreaded which 
gives permanency, with either dilatation or hypertrophy, with 
indescribable heart pangs. 

Associated with inefficiency there are usually a series of con- 
stitutional symptoms which crop up, such as loss of appetite for 



428 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

food, a loss of energy, palpitation,, headache, difficulty of 
breathing on slightest exertion. 

Rest, the administration of creatinin in one-, two,- even 
three-grain doses every three hours operates well in bringing 
about cardiac efficiency, slowing the pulse, increasing the power 
of the heart-muscles by promoting its growth. The best medi- 
cal authority in America says that creatinin is the best of all 
cardiac vitalizers. 

General Observations on Cardiac Trouble. — Heart dis- 
eases may be broadly classified as acute and chronic. Acute 
heart disease is usually inflammatory ; sometimes it consists in 
sudden degeneration of the heart-muscle, as in diphtheria and 
other infectious diseases. A severe strain or a terrible shock 
may also develop a sudden dilatation or paralysis of the heart. 

When the heart or its enveloping sac is in a state of inflam- 
mation, with hyperactivity and increased friction, the pri- 
mary indications are rest and sedation. 

The patient is kept flat on his back in bed. Mustard over 
the region of the heart, followed by sedative poultices of 
crushed linseed, saturated with an opiate, is an invaluable 
measure. These poultices must be warm, but not hot. 
The patient should be clothed in flannel, and guarded from con- 
tact with cold bed-clothing. 

Aconite is the best drug for this condition. It controls pain, 
irritability and slows the action of the heart. It must be given 
for its effect upon the pulse. In all cases of heart disease char- 
acterized by rapid, wiry pulse and cardiac pain, aconite, with 
or without ipecac, alternated with matricaria, will be of benefit. 

Where the pulse is full, rapid and throbbing, Norwood's 
tincture of veratrum viride is preferable to aconite. 

In the muscular degeneration of the heart present in infec- 
tious diseases, the indications are different. The patient is very 
pale, the pulse fast but small and irregular, and we don't want 
to give digitalis. Digitalis cannot tone a heart softened by 
ante-mortem decay. Heart-muscle must be reasonably firm to 
respond to the action of digitalis. Strychnin is the drug for 
a poison-rotted heart, and give it with a free hand in conjunc- 
tion with antiseptics. 

In treating cardiac disease it is important to know when to 
change from sedative to stimulant medication. A feeble car- 
diac impulse and cold feet call for stimulation. Hot bottles to 
feet and legs, a hot-water bag over heart are simple measures 
which have often saved life. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 429 

Adhesions frequently form as a result of inflammatory dis- 
ease of the heart, restraining its action and causing pain, trouble 
in breathing, valvular failure, dropsy, etc. Snug strapping of 
the left chest will partially relieve these annoying symptoms. 
Medicinally, give belladonna in alternation with aromatic 
spirits of ammonia. 

Chronic disease of the heart is, however, much more common 
and more insidious in its beginnings. Sedentary life, over- 
feeding and intense mental application, dissipation and excesses 
of all kinds are the factors which contribute to make heart dis- 
ease a fountain of many ills. 

There are the multitude of business men, who have always 
been healthy and energetic, but suddenly find themselves short 
of breath. Digestion is slow, constipation develops. They do 
not sleep well. Attention is dulled and memory impaired. Other 
symptoms of passive brain congestion and insufficient oxidation 
show themselves. The heart-muscle is undergoing- degenera- 
tive changes of a fibrous or fatty nature. 

If the patient is obese, of a lemon-yellow color, with sluggish 
skin reflexes, the portal system needs invigoration. 

Give him a mixture of the ozonized extract of chionanthus 
and matricaria. 

In defective cutaneous circulation the daily use of the flesh- 
brush morning and night tones the nerves, increases the area of 
circulation, lessens the heart's work. In fatty degeneration of 
the heart there is a flabbiness of muscles throughout the body, 
a low-tension pulse; a tendency to sweats, with fits or par- 
oxysms of palpitation, followed by prostration; here matri- 
caria and stimulants are valuable. In chronic heart disease, 
where dilatation and obstruction are just beginning, with 
dropsy, water-logged lungs, give periodate aurum and apo- 
cynum. 

The heart being a muscle, needs fresh-air, oxygen, which is 
its very life ; outdoor life, free ventilation, massage, baths, elec- 
tricity are all valuable in their sphere. 

HEARTBURN.— Symptoms.— Cardialgiai, or heartburn, 
presents itself in two forms, each of which assumes various 
grades of severity. It is generally attended by acid or acrid 
eructations, exciting irritation in the throat and fauces. The 
acidity of the eructated matters is often remarkable, occasioning 
the most unpleasant sensations in the mouth and pharynx, with 
a copious flow of fluid from those parts. The matters brought 



43-0 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

up from the stomach are sometimes rancid and alkaline, partic- 
ularly after a full meal of rich or fat animal food. In this case 
a feeling of disgust is excited on each eructation, and large 
quantities are thus thrown off or > regurgitated from the stom- 
ach without either nausea or retching. In either form unpleas- 
ant gnawing, burning pain and tenderness are felt at the epi- 
gastrium, with distention extending to the hypochondria, and 
with tightness or oppression in the chest. Cardialgia chiefly oc- 
curs during the period of digestion, but sometimes not until 
an advanced stage of the process. It may be mild, and consist 
simply of uneasy sensation, gnawing or burning at the cardia, 
sometimes with slight f aintness or flatulence ; or it may be se- 
vere, the uneasiness extending over the region of the stomach, 
attended by depression, anxiety of countenance, and faintness. 
This latter state has been denominated "sinking heartburn." 
It is only when cardialgia is severe that it is accompanied with 
frequent and copious rancid, alkaline, or septic annotations. 

Treatment. — Heartburn is best treated by medicines which 
act upon the secretions and move the bowels. Kolatina tablet 
to regulate the bowels and comp. tincture matricaria are most 
useful when this symptom is connected with acidity. But when 
heartburn is attended by rancid, septic or insipid eructations, 
the mineral acids, as the nitric, the hydrochloric, and the aro- 
matic sulphuric acids, given in simple camphor, or aromatic 
water, or in suitable tonic infusions, will be most serviceable. 
When there is a liability to heartburn, wine, spirits, and particu- 
larly malt liquors, should be avoided. Hock or old sherry may, 
however, be taken in great moderation in seltzer water. 

HECTIC FEVER. — Fever of a remittent or intermittent 
type, such as is met with in cases of phthisis and in connection 
with persistent purulent discharges. It comes on insidiously, 
and lasts a long time. 

Symptoms. — Wasting, a characteristic flushing of the cheek, 
profuse perspirations, and irregular action of the bowels. 

Treatment. — Depends upon the cause of the fever — grave 
debility, the toxin of the bacillus tubercle and typhoid. Mis- 
tura guaiacol is the best antidote, or, better still, guaiacol sup- 
positories. If symptoms of septicemia prevail, push large doses 
of echinacea with peroxide of hydrogen. 

HEMATOGEN. — Contains perfectly pure hemoglobin, all 
the salts that are found in fresh blood, together with its albu- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 43 1 

urinous constituents, in a highly concentrated and purified form, 
preserved by adding to each pint four ounces of glycerin, two 
ounces of white wine and an ounce of negative ozone ; a most 
efficacious remedy in general debility, anemia, chlorosis, 
neurasthenia, rickets, scrofula, weak heart, wasting diseases 
of children, chronic catarrh of the stomach and bowels, loss 
of appetite, convalescence after influenza, and fevers (includ- 
ing typhoid fever, etc.) and overrapid growth in young per- 
sons. 

HEMORRHAGE.— Loss of blood, or the escape of blood 
from the blood-vessels in which it is naturally contained, con- 
stitutes a hemorrhage. 

It is classified in different ways ; as, for example, it is called : 

Traumatic, when due to a wound, or injury, or incision ; usu- 
ally escaping in jets, corresponding to the contractions of heart ; 
symptomatic of disease, as the bleeding from the nose in ty- 
phoid, and from other parts in tubercle, cancer, etc. Sometimes 
the term idiopathic is appplied to it ; then it is said to be a dia- 
thesis. It may be active or passive. Active hemorrhage is pres- 
ent in injuries, inflammations ; passive, when it depends on pov- 
erty or depreciation of the blood. They may be periodical, as 
in cases of vicarious menstruation. 

The seat of hemorrhage will depend upon the location of par- 
tial death or weakness. 

The general principle of treatment of all hemorrhages are: 
the circulation kept below 70 ; recumbent posture ; freedom from 
excitement; simple, nourishing, but unstimulating diet; ele- 
vated position; and the application of stimulants, as heat, etc. 
Our best styptics are digitalis ; mineral acids, as cinchona and 
nitromuriatic acid; quinine and aromatic sulphuric acid; tur- 
pentine, sulphuric acid; gallic acid. As soon as it is arrested, 
a diet rich in fibrin, as broiled beefsteak, eggs, cream, etc., 
mineral acids, cinchona. 

Uterine Hemorrhage. — This means hemorrhage from the 
uterus at any other than the menstrual periods. This may arise 
from various states ; it may be a symptom of inflammation and 
congestion; of endometritis, of ovarian disease; of polypus in 
the uterus, or other tumors, or cancerous infiltration. 

It is often the precursor of miscarriage or labor. Occurring 
during pregnancy, it is suggestive of a partial detachment of 
the placenta, or of what is called placenta previa, that is lo- 
cated over the mouth of uterus. 



43 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

After labor it may be due to inertia of the uterus, the organ 
being tired out ; to the presence of shreds of membranes, pieces 
of placenta, or clots. 

Intra-uterine coagula, both in the menstrual and puerperal 
state, are common causes. Puerperal coagula differ from 
menstrual coagula essentially in the time of their occurrence. 
Menstrual coagula may occur at any time during the child- 
bearing period of life, remote from childbirth or abortion. 
Puerperal coagula occur only in the period called that of the 
puerperal state, which is limited to abortion, or childbirth, 
which is covered by a period of one month or six weeks after 
delivery. The retention of a coagulum, or portion of the pla- 
centa, is a common cause of hemorrhage, and there is a con- 
stant risk of bleeding so long as a particle remains ; laceration 
of the genital tract; relaxation or inertia is the common cause. 
Fibrinous polypi are very productive of it. 

Treatment. — In cases of pure relaxation and dilation of the 
uterus, sulphate of quinine in mineral acids, in alternation with 
tincture of black snake-root; and if these fail, wine of ergot 
should be cautiously administered; the washing out of the 
vagina, if there is fetor, with tepid water, peroxide of hydro- 
gen ; and if all fail, insert the sponge plug saturated with a so- 
lution of alumina. The use of hot Water, 117 degrees to 120 
degrees F., for syringing the vagina has a much better action 
than cold in causing a renewal of life and a regaining of lost 
contractility. 

More recently, wine of aletris farinosa internally and per- 
oxide of hydrogen locally. The latter possesses immense hem- 
ostatic effects ; used either as an injection into the uterus, as a 
tampon, or douche, it is most effectual, better than ergot or iron. 

Hemorrhagic Diathesis. — Individuals possessing a san- 
guine temperament have a lack of cohesion in the fibrin and 
red corpuscles of the blood ; associated with this the micrococ- 
cus hemophilia appears in the blood, a cocus characteristic of 
hemorrhage, bleeding from the nose, bleeding on the slightest 
scratch or injury. It may occur from special locations, as from 
the nose, constituting epistaxis ; from the lungs, hemoptysis : 
from the stomach, hematemesis ; from the kidneys, hematuria : 
from the uterus, metrorrhagia. 

This diathesis can be overcome, the micrococcus destroyed by 
mineral acids and cinchona, ozone water, coca, digitalis, avena, 
kephalin and a diet rich in blood elements. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 433 

Hematemesis. — The vomiting of blood from the stom- 
ach. This may be a result of external injury; acute con- 
gestion of the stomach due to inflammation or suppression of 
the menses ; mechanical congestion due to cirrhosis of the liver, 
obstructing the portal vein, or chronic heart or lung disease ; 
ulceration of the stomach (either simple or cancerous) ; dis- 
eases of the blood, such as yellow fever and scurvy ; and, rarest 
of all, the bursting of an aneurism into the stomach. 

Symptoms. — Loss of appetite, indigestion, pain, and nausea 
may precede the appearance of hematemesis. When the bleed- 
ing is profuse, there is a feeling of faintness and sinking in the 
region of the stomach, a small pulse, pallor of countenance, 
and nausea followed by the ejection of partially clotted dark 
blood. For a day or two afterwards the stools are dark and 
tarry looking. In slight hemorrhages the vomited matter re- 
sembles coffee-grounds. After an attack the patient may be 
completely prostrated, but a single attack rarely terminates 
fatally. 

Treatment. — Depends upon the cause, but in all cases com- 
plete rest in bed, ice (either sucked or in the form of cold 
drinks), and abstention from food are necessary. Nutrition 
should be carried on by means of nutrient enemeta of beef-tea, 
etc. The drugs used to check the hemorrhage are gelsemium. 
gallic acid, oil of turpentine (in small doses), and resorcin, five 
grains to ounce of ice water. 

Hemoptysis. — The spitting of blood due to hemorrhage 
within the lung. The blood is usually bright red and frothy. 
This symptom in most cases points to phthisis, often being one 
of the first symptoms. It may be due to heart disease, cancer 
of the lung, aneurism, injury of the chest, etc. 

Treatment. — Rest in bed. Ice may be sucked. Hot foot- 
baths and a purgative are useful, particularly in full-blooded 
people. The drugs given are gallic acid, ergot, dilute sul- 
phuric acid and turpentine, passiflora, digitalis and strphan- 
thus. 

Hematuria. — (Bloody Urine). — It may be from the 
kidneys, bladder or urethra. Try infusion of digitalis ; gallic 
acid ; turpentine, uva ursi ; cleavers, Warburg's tincture, stro- 
phantus. 

General Measures. — Vapor bath, absolute rest, drink linseed 
tea; copious injections of warm water into the bladder. If 
bladder is filled with thick blood that cannot be passed or drawn 
through a catheter, inject into the bladder two ounces of warm 



434 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

water, five drops of hydrochloric acid and thirty grains of 
pepsin, and in a few hours the contents of the bladder will 
pass through; or papoid or trypsin as injection. 

The hematuria due to the presence of the malaria germ, with 
its toxin literally stuffed or imbedded in th tubules of the 
kidneys, is best cured by gelsemin orally ; with a suppository of 
quinine or kurchicin. 

Sulphate of quinine in suppository from 10 to 20 grains gives, 
excellent result — for it produces neither nausea, headache, nor 
any cerebral disturbance, and it is undoubtedly the best method 
of exhibition in all cases of hematuria, or where the remedy 
is indicated. 

Hematophilia. — A diathesis in which there is a tendency 
to bleed from nose and other parts. It is an hereditary con- 
dition, supposed to be chiefly transmitted by the mother. Boys- 
affected with it rarely live. It usually manifests itself in early 
life, at dentition or puberty; in females at first appearance of 
the menses and their cessation. All cuts, scratches bleed pro- 
fusely; some races are more liable to it than others; due to a 
defect in fibrin of blood. Nutritious diet, abundance of fresh 
air, use of digitalis with care, with mineral acids and prepara- 
tions of cinchona are supposed to overcome it, but it is very 
doubtful. It is identical with what is termed the hemorrhagic 
diathesis. 

Hematocele, Pelvic. — An effusion of blood into peritoneal 
pouch, between uterus and rectum; or, into subperitoneal tissue,, 
behind and around the uterus. 

Causes. — Abortions, lingering labor, violence of some kind ;. 
ovarian pregnancy, blows, kicks, falls. 

Symptoms. — These are very variable. If the loss is ex- 
cessive, there is the great nervous shock and exhaustion from 
profuse hemorrhage. Usually acute pain in the lower part of 
abdomen, shivering, coldness or extremities; vomiting; in- 
creasing feebleness of circulation; ghastly appearance of face, 
and death in a short time. 

If the loss of blood is not excessive there is nausea, rigors 
and a fever, with violent abdominal pain; countenance very 
anxious, white and pinched. A frequent desire to empty blad- 
der, but inability to do so; irritability of rectum; in some cases 
the. pelvic tumor may be felt through the vaginal walls. 

Treatment must be upon general principles. 

HEMORRHOIDS, OR PILES.— A varicose condition of 
the veins of the rectum. As a result of passive congestion of 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 435 

these parts (due to obstruction of the flow of blood in the veins) 
the veins become varicose, and project as little tumors. Some- 
times there is bleeding, particularly when the patient is at stool. 
They are classified as external or internal piles, according to 
their position just outside the bowel or within it. When they 
bleed they are said to be open ; when there is no bleeding they 
are said to be blind. The tumors vary in size from that of a pea 
to -that of a small bunch of grapes. There is often consider- 
able pain, so much so that in some cases the patient is unable 
to walk. In some cases the hemorrhage is so free as to be a 
cause of danger from the constant drain on the patient's con- 
stitution. They also predispose to the formation of ulcers, 
fissures, abscesses, and fistulae in their neighborhood. 

Causes. — Any condition which impedes the circulation in the 
veins of the part. Thus constipation, pregnancy, and liver 
disease are common causes. Sedentary occupations predis- 
pose to this disease. 

Treatment. — Regular habits and exercise. Avoidance of 
alcohol. Otherwise strengthen up the entire system, but es- 
pecially the veins, by general tonics and alteratives ; the bowels 
should be regulated by either the cascara sagrada lozenge or 
tincture of nux vomica and belladonna, or sulphur. Bowel 
should be injected daily with either distillation of witch-hazel 
or horse-chestnut, or water acidulated with aromatic sul- 
phuric acid ; the suppositories of the horse-chestnut of great 
value; same form of medication, with care, has proved of 
greater efficacy. 

All remedies failing, the hemorrhoid tumors should be in- 
jected. An excellent formula for injecting and subsequently 
causing the obliteration of hemorrhoids is the following : Two 
drams each of carbolic acid, glycerin and fluid extract ergot, 
added to one dram and a half of water. Mix. Inject from 
three to eight drops, according to the size of tumor. Or the 
following : Carbolic acid, olive oil, glycerin, of each, one ounce ; 
pure crosote, twenty drops; muriate of cocain, five grains. 
Mix. Inject from two to six drops. 

Coagulation, absorption and obliteration of piles can be 
effected without the use of carbolic acid, thus : Fluid extract 
arbor vitae, six drams; fluid extract hamamelis, one dram; 
fluid extract horse-chestnut, three drams. Mix. Change 
syringe with this ; insert nozzle to centre- of the hemorrhoid ; 
inject from six to ten drops. If it does not entirely disap- 
pear this can be repeated in two weeks. 



436 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Piles can often be got rid of with horse-chestnut supposi- 
tories or an ointment made from the horse-chestnut, and also 
in the following manner: After the morning stool, throw 
a copious injection of warm water into the rectum; then insert 
a piece of the following, about the size of a hazel-nut, into the 
bowel, smearing all the internal and protruded parts with the 
same : Take one ounce of ozone ointment, the same quantity 
of butter of coca, then add two drams of subnitrate of bis- 
muth, one dram of muriate of hydrastin; and when all are 
melted together, add three grains of cocain, thirty drops of oil 
of eucalyptus : use when cool. Inculcate rest, as little exercise 
as possible. 

Inject into the rectum, afternoon and evening, one teaspoon- 
ful of the following mixture : Fluid extract of hamamelis and 
of hydrastis, three drams of each ; olive oil, two ounces. Mix. 
Internally, we have found the following unsurpassed : Tinc- 
ture of nux vomica and tincture of belladonna, of each half an 
ounce. Mix. Dose : two drops in a little water one hour be- 
fore meals and on retiring to bed. Remove all apparent or 
suspected causes. Rigidly forbid the use of beer, whisky; 
fatty, starchy, saccharine food. 

HEPATITIS, ACUTE AND CHRONIC— This occurs in 
connection with ague and other fevers, injury, new growths, 
and, most often, from alcoholic abuse and gluttony, particularly 
when to these are added the effects of a hot climate; irregular 
habits, alcoholism. It may also be a result of constipation — 
the same as those of congested liver, but in a more intense de- 
gree, together with a rise of temperature and pain on pressure 
over the liver. An abscess may form in the liver. When this 
occurs there is a stage of fever, with fits of shivering, and later 
on uneven enlargement of the liver, with "fluctuation" and 
perhaps bulging of the abdominal wall. Abscess of the liver is 
also a complication of acute dysentery. 

Symptoms. — Irritability, depression, headache, pain in the 
right shoulder and right side; the tongue is foul; there is a 
bitter taste in the mouth, impaired appetite, nausea and vomit- 
ing. Jaundice may be present. In long-standing cases there 
may be some ascites. The liver is uniformly enlarged. 

The acute form is rare in temperate climates. Veratrum vi- 
ride and gelsemium; phosphate of soda alternated with nitro- 
muriatic acid; kolatina alternated with ozone water; hot 
fomentations over the liver area to relieve pain, to promote vi- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 437 

tality; chloride of ammonia alternated with ozonized chio- 
nanthus. 

In dropsy, apocynum ; light, non-stimulating diet ; no alcohol. 
If case is stubborn, periodate aurum and concentrated tincture 
kurchicin are very useful. Guaiacol plaster over liver. 

Hepatism. — By the term hepatism is understood a group of 
diseases existing together — gout, obesity, biliary lithiasis, 
gravel, diabetes — the relationship of which is proved by the fact 
that they exist coincidently, or follow each other, appearing 
in one individual, or being transmitted by him, one or the other, 
to his descendants. A common morbid principle, which we 
call a diathesis, lies at the bottom of this condition. The lo- 
calization of this group of diseases of nutrition is in the liver. 
The characteristics of the diathesis are shown by regular peri- 
odical disturbances of the digestive apparatus, of which the 
liver is the preponderating organ, acting with the periodicity of 
the digestive functions, disturbances of sleep, and anomalies of 
excretion. The causes are disturbed function of the liver ; pri- 
marily, in the individual or his ancestors, disease of the liver, 
intoxications or auto-intoxications, infections, psychical shock 
or traumatism. The diathetic treatment consists of purgatives, 
alkalies, sometimes diuretics, dietetic regimen of the diseases 
of the liver. The diagnosis is easy, made by a regular system- 
atic palpitation of the liver in all nutritional diseases, by a mi- 
nute analysis of the patient's subjective symptoms, and by a 
careful comparison of the subjective and objective symptoms of 
these diseases with diseases of the liver, at the same time in- 
dicating that the satisfactory treatment of these conditions is 
that of hepatic disease. 

HEREDITARY DISEASE.— The problems of the heredi- 
tary transmission of qualities and tendencies to disease are some 
of the most wonderful in nature, and they are as yet by no 
means clearly elucidated. Many of them, as yet, cannot be 
brought under any law. In our present state of physiological 
knowledge it is. for instance, a quite inconceivable thing what 
takes place when we have two generations of perfectly healthy 
persons intervening between an insane great-grandmother and 
an insane great-grandchild. The grandparent and the parent 
carried something in their constitutions which was never ap- 
preciable to us at all. Yet it was there just as certainly as if it 
had broken out as a disease. It is one of the future problems of 
physiology and medicine to deduce the exact laws of heredity 



438 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

in living beings, and to counteract the evil hereditary tendencies 
through conditions of life. To do the latter we shall undoubt- 
edly have to begin early in life, and we shall have to control the 
education especially, and make it conformable to nature's indi- 
cations, laws, and conditions. 

HERNIA, OR RUPTURE.— This term is applied to any 
condition in which any internal organ of the body protrudes 
from its natural cavity. Thus we may have hernia of the brain, 
lung, testicle, etc., but in the majority of cases the term is ap- 
plied to the protrusion of a part of the intestine through some 
part of the abdominal wall. The abdominal wall is made up 
principally of layers of muscle. At certain parts this muscle 
wall is thinner than elsewhere, and it therefore sometimes hap- 
pens that when irregular pressure is exerted upon the ab- 
dominal contents they press upon the abdominal wall and pro- 
trude at the weaker parts. Hernia may occur at any part of the 
abdomen, but is most frequent at the weaker parts referred to 
above — namely, at the navel, groin, and upper part of the thigh. 
The part protruded may be the omentum or some part of the 
intestine, or both, and cases occur where other abdominal or- 
gans have been protruded. When omentum alone protrudes, 
the hernia is known as an epiplocele ; when intestine protrudes, 
it is an enterocele ; when both protrude, it is known as an en- 
tero-epiplocele. Other names are applied according to the po- 
sition of the hernia. Thus we may have umbilical, inguinal 
and crural, or femoral, herniae, according to their position at the 
navel (or umbilicus), groin, or upper part of the thigh respec- 
tively. Men are more liable to hernia than women, particularly 
to the inguinal form. The femoral form is more common in 
women. The tendency to hernia decreases with age. 

A hernia is said to be reducible when it can be got back into 
the abdomen, irreducible when this cannot be done. When the 
hernia is so firmly fixed that the circulation in it is arrested, 
it is said to be strangulated; and unless the strangulation be 
relieved at once by operation or reduction under chloroform, a 
fatal result from gangrene will probably ensue. 

The protrusion of either the intestine or omentum or both 
from their natural cavity, either through some of the natural 
openings or through some weak spot of the abdominal walls, 
constitutes usually a soft, compressible swelling, increasing in 
size when the patient stands up, dilating when he coughs, or 
makes exertion — when in the horizontal position, diminishes 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 439 

or disappears, or when well-directed pressure is applied. An 
individual with hernia is at all times in great danger, even if 
he wears a pad or truss to keep it within its natural cavity. 

There is always danger, and this very idea has led surgeons 
to resort to what they term a radical cure, namely, by injecting 
irritants into and around the neck of the sac or opening so as to 
excite adhesive inflammation, and effusion of plastic lymph to 
obliterate the opening, and form a solid barrier to prevent the 
descent of the bowel. Various agents are used, but tincture of 
cantharides has the lead as an injecting agent; others again to 
tucking the folds of the scrotum into the neck of the sac ; others 
to scarification; and introduction of needles — all very risky 
procedures. 

In the city of Mexico rupture in all its varied forms is exten- 
sively common; the surgeons there use an ointment of some 
merit. They have the external parts bathed morning and night, 
and have this ointment applied on a piece of lint, and over and 
above all either a compress, pad or truss. It takes a little time, 
from two to four weeks usually ; the cutaneous surface becomes 
quite red, but is never permitted to ulcerate. 

There is no danger in this procedure, no risk, and above all, 
it yields the largest amount of effusion of lymph — a quantity 
far in excess of what is necessary to block up the orifice through 
which the bowel escaped. 

There can be very little doubt regarding its efficiency and its 
value; it simply requires a little time, some patience, which is 
far better than running risk of peritonitis and death. 

The remedy is powerfully germicidal, and capable of exciting 
adhesive inflammation, with a profuse exudation of plastic 
lymph, and possesses the power of penetrating deeply. 

If the physician and patients manipulate it properly and per- 
severe with it, the Mexican ointment, so called, will cure all 
cases of reducible hernia. 

In semi-tropical as well as tropical countries hernia is very 
common, especially so in the United States, the largest per- 
centage being among men. Its importance is great, and a rad- 
ical cure, if it can be obtained without risk, is an imperative 
necessity. 

If a rupture is reducible, and can be maintained in its natural 
cavity by the aid of a pad or truss, it can very easily, and with- 
out either pain or inconvenience or suffering or risk, be got rid 
of by the twice-daily application of the Mexican ointment, 
placed underneath the pad or turss. No other medicinal agent 



440 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

yet discovered can effect what this ointment will do. When 
applied, its power of penetration is great — as soon as placed in 
position it causes a most abundant effusion of plastic lymph to 
flow all around the hernial ring, which speedily becomes ozon- 
ized and blocks any descent of either bowel or omentum. The 
secret of success is to maintain for two or three weeks an ery- 
thema all around and over the aperture, just long enough for 
complete organization to take place. We have used the remedy 
in several cases with much success, and find it much better, 
more efficient, never attended with danger, than any of the 
methods in vogue of exciting lymph effusion. 

Hernia in Children. — The inguinal is the sole form found 
in children. The diagnosis is always easy, as malposition of the 
testes or disease of the cord is rare in youth. 

When it does exist, regular bathing, proper diet, the avoid- 
ance of all intestinal irritation leading to abdominal disten- 
tion. Massage is useful after the twice-daily bath. 

In all cases in children in which the hernia is reducible, and 
can be prevented either by a pad or truss from descending, the 
Mexican ointment should be applied, and kept applied, until 
sufficient lymph is effused in the internal ring to block forever 
the descent of the bowel. 

If the hernia is strangulated, irrepressible, or where treat- 
ment is impossible owing to the incompetence of the mother, 
the Mexican ointment must not be used. 

The use of this ointment, when the case admits of it, gives in 
all cases a large amount of lymph, which rapidly organizes, 
and forms an excellent plug in the hernial sac. 

HERPES, OR TETTER.— An acute inflammatory disease 
of the skin, characterized by groups of vesicles on an inflamed 
base. The vesicles are filled with clear fluid, which in a few 
days becomes milky, after which they dry up, leaving small 
scabs. It runs its course in a couple of weeks, and is not con- 
tagious. The vesicles usually follow the distribution of one of 
the cutaneous nerves, and hence the disease is supposed to be 
of nervous origin. There is pain and some rise of temperature. 
It is oftenest seen about the lips and in a zone round one-half of 
the body. The latter is known as herpes zoster, zona, or 
shingles. 

Treatment. — The eruption should be dusted with powdered 
starch, with a little oxide of zinc and camphor, and protected 
from the air by means of a layer of cotton-wool. Small patches 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 441 

may be painted over with dermolia. The general health should 
be seen to, tonics being of great service, especially matricaria, 
thyroid and kephalin. 

Herpes Preputialis. — A contagious affection of the pre- 
puce, consisting of clusters of vesicles, usually upon a non- 
inflamed base, in size from the head of a pin to that of a small 
pea, sometimes isolated, in other cases in patches. The con- 
tents of the vesicle are simply a mass of living disease germs. 
Although readily communicable from one to another, or from 
the serum or germs running on the skin or mucous membrane, 
and being originally the result of a degradation of normal bio- 
plasm, still it is doubtful if it can be regarded as a venereal 
affection. 

Treatment. — As soon as a vesicle forms or fills, puncture it 
with a needle and let its contents escape, and press a sponge 
saturated with lime-water and tincture of iodine lotion, or with a 
lotion of permanganate of potash ; then dry by gentle pressure, 
and apply ozone ointment. There is no use in caustics, as the 
disease will reappear after their application. In all cases, al- 
teratives and tonics for a few weeks. If a married man, same 
precautions as to wife, and abstinence from sexual congress till 
both are well. 

HICCOUGH. — Hiccough is a spasmodic affection of the 
diaphragm. Generally a trivial and transient inconvenience, 
its occurrence in the last stages of acute disease is a grave, often 
a fatal symptom, indicative of giving way of the nervous sys- 
tem generally. Continued and obstinate hiccough sometimes 
occurs in persons, more especially in young females of an hys- 
terical tendency, and may continue for a very long period with- 
out cessation, except during the hours of sleep, in spite of all 
kinds of treatment. The causes of ordinary hiccough are gen- 
erally fasting or some sudden stimulant taken into the stomach, 
such as highly-seasoned soup ; and the affection generally sub- 
sides of its own accord. When inconvenient nothing is so 
likely to remove it as some active emotion of the mind suddenly 
excited. The continued sipping and swallowing of cold water, 
or sucking of ice, either aromatic spirits of ammonia or chloro- 
form added to a glass of water, are good domestic remedies. 
All failing, administer periodate aurum. 

HOANG-NANG. — The bark of a creeper growing in China 
and Hindoostan. 

Therapeutie Uses. — A powerful and peculiar bactericide,. 



44 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

its use neutralizes snake-bites and the inoculation of rabies. 
Kills the bacillus of leprosy and hydrophobia. 



HORDEOLUM. — Chalazion or stye, a hard, round, trans- 
parent tumor, like a grain of seed developed on the eyelid. The 
cause malnutrition — the bacteriological outcome, dwarfed bac- 
teria, but identical with boils. Internally sulphide of calcium; 
locally, incision through the palpebral conjunctiva and a thor- 
ough curetting of the sac. If unrelieved, a succession of them 
is likely to follow. Being a retention cyst, it is likely to occlude 
the adjacent ducts, forming large sacs, giving rise to impaired 
mobility of the lid. Hot lotions of ozonized boroglycerid are 
of rare efficacy in stye. 



HOT-AIR TREATMENT.— No therapeutic agent has a 
greater range of utility than heat, both dry and moist. 

A much higher degree of heat can be tolerated if dry than 
if moist by the surface of the body. The physiological effects 
of dry heat to the surface of the body are : 

i. A diffuse hyperemia of the skin, caused by a dilatation of 
the capillaries. 

2. A sensation of numbness over the heated surface, prob- 
ably caused by the effect of heat on the superficial sensory 
nerves. 

3. A slightly-accelerated pulse and respiration. 

4. An increase in body temperature of one-half to one de- 
gree. 

5. Increase of arterial tension. 

6. Increase in the elimination of nitrogen. 

The beneficial effects are purely local, and it therefore be- 
comes imperative to supplement these treatments by general 
medication. Furthermore, it is imperative that the heat bath 
should be followed by massage. This essential adjunct makes 
it advisable to take these treatments under the supervision of 
trained assistants and a professional masseur. 

From the foregoing it will be seen that we have in the dry 
hot-air treatment an ideal and thoroughly practical therapeutic 
agent for the treatment of articular rheumatism, muscular 
rheumatism, sciatica, neuritis, lumbago, pleurodynia, arthritis, 
sprains, intercostal neuralgia, torticollis, gouty joints, pleurisy 
and kindred diseases. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 443 

HYDATID. — A cystic tumor which forms within some 
organ of the body — most usually the liver or kidney — due to 
the presence of the embryo of a species of tapeworm, the Taenia 
echinococcus, which infests the intestinal tract of dogs and 
wolves. The ova of the tapeworm, being discharged by the 
dog, become introduced into the human body by way of the 
water supply or in food, and on reaching the stomach make 
their way to various organs of the body, most usually the liver. 
Here the embryo develops into the cystic form, becoming a 
large cystic tumor filled with clear fluid, floating in which are 
other cystic embryos. The latter attach themselves to the wall 
of the larger cyst by means of a head with four suckers and a 
row of little curved hooks. The disease, having reached this 
stage, may end in three ways — the tumor may inflame, suppu- 
rate, and become an abscess ; it may burst into the parts around ; 
or the parasite may die and the whole tumor shrivel up. 

Symptoms. — As a rule the disease is painless and presents 
few symptoms unless the enlargement presses upon and inter- 
feres with the functions of neighboring organs. There is a 
gradual, irregular enlargement of the organ attacked by hy- 
datids ; there may be a bulging of the surface over the organ, 
and the tumor may be felt to be elastic and fluctuating. 

Treatment. — Drugs are useless ; the only thing to be done is 
to tap the cyst and draw off the fluid ; whereupon the parasite 
dies. 



HYDRASTIS. — Hydrastis canadensis, commonly known as 
golden seal. 

Physiological Action. — All preparations of the hydrastis 
act as a vasomotor constrictor — average doses of it paralyze 
the vasomotor centres and diminishes blood pressure. 

It determines contraction of the uterine blood-vessels, so 
that considerable benefit accrues from its use in pelvic conges- 
tion, labor, hemorrhage. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Excellent in atonic dyspepsia and slug- 
gish liver ; a tonic and cholagogue ; a good remedy to chronic 
ulcers both internally and locally. It yields some energetic al- 
kaloids, as hydrastia, zanthopnceia, hydrastinin. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract. Alcoholic and 
non-alcoholic, 30 to 60 drops thrice daily; hydrastin 2 to 6 
grains; hydrastinin, dose, 1 grain as a substitute for ergot. 



444 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

HYDROBROMIC ACID.— A pure, colorless liquid, with- 
out odor, with a strong, acid taste, prepared from either bro- 
mide of potassa or barium with sulphuric acid. 

Therapeutic Uses. — A heart sedative, lessens nervous excita- 
bility; checks the nerve storm of epilepsy; relieves insomnia 
and is an anodyne to the stomach. 

Preparations and Doses. — A 10 per cent solution, in doses of 
from 30 to 60 drops, thrice daily, added to water. 

The hydrobromate of quinine. Dose : One to 5 grains. 

HYDROCELE. — The collection of serous fluid within the 
walls of the scrotum from various sources of irritation. 

Cases are met with where the amount of fluid varies from a 
few ounces up to pints ; it flattens or compresses the testicle and 
depreciates the sexual function. It is well recognized that to 
attempt to cure hydrocele by external applications of absorbents 
is useless, that tapping, draining off the fluid, following this up 
with an injection of peroxide of hydrogen, fifteen-volume solu- 
tion, is absolutely safe, and invariably an infallible cure for this 
malady. The operation is simple enough. The scrotum being 
seized in the left hand and compressed tightly to force the fluid 
to the front, the testicle lies safely at the back; the trocar is 
forced in an upward direction at a dependent point to the ex- 
tent of about an inch. With the cannula held in situ, and upon 
the rapid withdrawal of the trocar, the serum flows out freely. 
Every drop ought to be permitted to ooze out. A rubber syr- 
inge, containing one or two or more ounces of dioxide of hy- 
drogen is injected into the scrotum. The skin of the scrotum 
is then pinched at the seat of punctures, the cannula withdrawn 
by a quick, steady pull, and the scrotum briskly shaken, so 
as to diffuse the peroxide of hydrogen through it. This done 
the patient is put to rest. No local application is necessary, and 
it is best ; the destruction of the secreting faculty of the sac pre- 
vents any further recurrence of hydrocele. 

Tapping is painless ; the subsequent injection of peroxide of 
hydrogen is not near so productive of pain as the old seton or 
tincture of iodine injected. With this treatment 90 per cent of 
all cases are radically and permanently cured. 

HYDROGEN, PEROXIDE OF (H 2 2 .).— Negative 
ozone is a colorless, transparent liquid of a syrupy consistency, 
as now prepared is a stable product, but if permitted to remain 
in a watery solution undergoes decomposition. In full strength 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 445 

when applied to the skin it whitens it, but when diluted it is 
bland, unirritating. 

The use of this agent is merely another source to obtain 
oxygen in a different form from a gaseous state. It is a defi- 
nite compound of oxygen and hydrogen. A fifteen-volume 
solution, being equivalent to a two- or three-per-cent solution, 
yields 500 times its own volume of oxygen. 

Whether inhaled or applied to the tissues it evolves free 
oxygen, and is the most powerful of all bactericides ; none can 
excel in microbicide action. Administered internally from 5 to 
30 drops in distilled water every four hours, it is the great 
scavenger to germ-laden blood. Kills the microbe of dyspepsia, 
the fungus of diabetes ; the streptococcus of diphtheria and ery- 
sipelas. Injected into boils and abscesses it promptly destroys 
the pus germ. Perfectly innocuous to healthy tissue, but when- 
ever a microbe exists it promptly annihilates it. In sprays, 
douches, lotions, gargle, however applied, it sweeps all mi- 
crobial life before it; hence its utility in ulcers of all kinds, 
carcinoma, venereal. Injected into a polypus it at once causes 
its death. 

Glucozone is simply a solution of the dioxide of hydrogen in 
c. p. glycerin, which is an excellent form for internal use. 

It has also been utilized in the form of baths for leprosy, 
syphilis, and other cutaneous diseases. Instantly promotes 
primary unions in wounds by destroying the bacteria. 

The internal administration of the peroxide of hydrogen 
prior to an operation fortifies the patient ag-ainst the shock by 
the superoxygenization of the blood. 

Peroxide of hydrogen H 2 O s , in the strong fifteen-volume 
solution, is almost as harmless as water, and yet it kills anthrax 
spores in a few minutes. 

For preventing suppuration we have bichloride of mercury, 
hydronaphthol, carbolic acid, formalin, and many other anti- 
septics, but for stopping it abruptly and for sterilizing a sup- 
purating wound we have only one antiseptic that is generally 
efficient, so far as I know, and that is the strong peroxide of 
hydrogen. Therefore I have qualified it not as "good/' not as 
"useful," but as "necessary." 

In abscess of the brain, where we could not thoroughly wash 
the pus out of tortuous canals without injuring the tissues, the 
HoO^, injected at a superficial point, will follow the pus, and 
throw it out, too, in a foaming mixture. It is best to inject a 
small quantity, wait until foaming ceases, and repeat injections 



446 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

until the last one fails to bubble. Then we know that the pus 
cavity is chemically clean, so far as live microbes are con- 
cerned. In appendicitis we can open the abscess, inject per- 
oxide of hydrogen, and so thoroughly sterilize the pus cavity 
that we need not fear infection of the general peritoneal cavity 
if we wish to separate intestinal adhesions and remove the ap- 
pendix vermiformis. Many a patient, who is now dead, could 
have been saved if peroxide of hydrogen had been 
thus used when he had appendicitis. This single means 
at our disposal allows us to open the most extensive 
psoas abscess without dread of septic infection following. In 
some cases of purulent conjunctivitis we can build a little wall 
of wax about the eye, destroy all pus with peroxide of hydrogen, 
and cut the suppuration short. Give the patient ether if the 
H 2 2 causes too much smarting. It is only in the eye, in the 
nose and in the urethra that peroxide of hydrogen will need 
to be preceded by cocain (or ether) for the purpose of quieting 
the smarting, for it is elsewhere as bland as water. 

It is possible to open a large abscess of the breast, wash it out 
with H 2 2 ,and have recovery ensue under one antiseptic dress- 
ing, without the formation of another drop of pus. Where 
cellular tissues are breaking down, and in old sinuses, we are 
obliged to make repeated applications of the H 2 2 for many 
days, and in such cases I usually follow it with balsam of Peru, 
for balsam of Peru, either in fluid form or used with sterilized 
oakum, is a most thorough encourager of granulation. If we 
apply H 2 2 on a probang to diphtheritic membranes at inter- 
vals of a few moments, they swell up like whipped cream and 
come away easily, leaving a clean surface. The fluid can be 
snuffed up into the nose, and will render a fetid ozena odorless. 

Peroxide of hydrogen H 2 2 . Warranted chemically pure. 
Specially prepared for medicinal use. Isolated in the prepara- 
tion of c. p. ozone, or prepared synthetically in the form of a 
fifteen- volume solution. 

The oxygen in it is in a positive state antozone, while the 
ozone from which it is separated is in a negative state — the two 
mixing produce neutral oxygen. 

Indications. — Used internally and locally in all states in 
which a disease germ is the factor of morbid action — as in all 
fevers, cancer, syphilis, tuberculosis, diphtheria, bronchitis, 
pulmonary phthisis, nasal catarrh, ozena, gout, rheumatism, 
diabetes, Bright's disease, etc. 

Directions. — From a few drops to half up to one teaspoon- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 447 

ful, which is a large dose, but in cases in which the blood is 
germ-laden, the dose may be cautiously increased to a table- 
spoonful added to a glass of water every four hours. 

For bathing purposes or packs, one to two tablespoonfuls to 
a quart of tepid water. Variable degrees of strength are used 
for inhalation and ulcers. 

HYDRONAPHTHOL.— This is a secondary compound of 
betanaphthol, has a slight aromatic taste, almost colorless, spar- 
ingly soluble in water, but dissolves freely in alcohol, ether, 
chloroform and glycerin; it is non-poisonous, non-irritant, 
non-corrosive, but causes congelation of protoplasmic masses, 
hence its germicidal action. 

In a recent analysis on the value of germicides it is only nec- 
essary for my purpose to cull those experiments immediately 
bearing on hydronaphthol and corrosive sublimate. And the 
first experiment I would quote is that made to test the relative 
action of each on the spores of the bacillus anthracis and ba- 
cillus subtilis. In each case the strength of the antiseptic solu- 
tion used was 1 in 1,000; and it was found that in the treat- 
ment of the spores of the bacillus subtilis the length of exposure 
necessary to dstroy them was in corrosive sublimate thirty 
minutes and in hydronaphthol only ten minutes ; in the bacillus 
anthracis a ten-minutes' exposure was necessary for hydro- 
naphthol, while corrosive sublimate required fifteen minutes to 
destroy the spores. From this we may fairly conclude that 
hydronaphthol as a germicide is superior to corrosive sublimate 
or formalin, and from being non-poisonous and non-irritant it 
affords an ideal medicament for tinea tonsurans. As to the 
best means of getting the remedy constantly applied, the 
plasters of hydronaphthol, 10 and 20 per cent, give excellent 
results, limiting the propagation of the disease and causing the 
more rapid penetration of the germicide than any other means 
we can employ. The plasters also help us in starving the 
fungus, and to perfect this we need to hermetically seal the 
plaster round in the way I am about to describe. The method 
of treatment I have found successful is as follows : Have the 
head completely shaved, leaving the usual fringe all around; 
then wash with a 5 per cent soap of hydronaphthol, using water 
as hot as can be borne. After drying the scalp, apply over the 
affected area a 10 per cent plaster of hydronaphthol in narrow 
strips, letting each strip overlap its fellow, taking care that the 
plaster. Repeat the process, this time applying the 10 per cent 



448 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

plaster for ten days, when on removal the disease will be found 
to be cured. During the plaster treatment apply a 5 per cent 
diseased patch. Outside the margin of the plaster paint a layer 
of 10 per cent hydronaphthol jelly (when melted) so as to ex- 
clude all air. At the end of four days remove the plaster, when 
the diseased stumps will be found adhering to it. Repeat all 
the previous process, applying for one week a 20 per cent 
plaster. Repeat process, this time applying the 10 per cent 
plaster for ten days, when on removal the disease will be found 
to be cured. During the plaster treatment apply a 5 per cent 
ointment to the unaffected portions of the head night and 
morning. Care should be taken that all articles brought in 
contact with head before treatment be destroyed, otherwise re- 
infection will take place, and the treatment be brought into 
discredit. 

HYDROPHOBIA. — An infectious disease, which in na- 
ture occurs epidemically, chiefly among dogs; but the cat, fox. 
wolf, horse and all mammalia may become affected. Infection 
usually carried by a bite of a rabid animal, less frequently 
through a wound or abrasion. 

All manifestations of the disease, as it originates in dogs, 
point to a grave affection of the nervous system, and shows 
itself in two forms : In the first, which is the most common, is 
known as furious rabies ; the first indication is he becomes shy. 
low-spirited, restless, tears up things generally, bites with a 
peculiar high-toned bark. He refuses his ordinary food, but 
eats earth, rags ; spasm of the muscles of deglutition and respi- 
ration ; there is an abundant salivary secretion. Paralysis en- 
sues ; the jaw drops, the limbs drag and latterly he dies. In the 
second form is dumb rabies, in which great nervous depres- 
sion and despondency, paralysis comes early, and the dog dies 
without any furious symptoms appearing. The dread of water 
is a myth. 

The incubation period in man, after a bite of a rabid animal, 
is from fifteen to forty days up to seven or eight months, or 
even longer, depending greatly on the status of vital force in 
the bitten individual. 

A very small percentage of those bitten take the disease, and 
when about to appear it generally shows itself with a pain 
radiating along the nerves from the scar of wound to the trunk, 
a feeling of depression, irritability, insomnia, restlessness, in 
which all the reflexes are exaggerated, victim starting at the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 449 

slightest noise or ruffle or external compression. Appetite fails ; 
there is a choking in the throat. 

Spasms of the muscles of deglutition and respiration, and 
cortical excitement as evidenced by the delirium — foams at the 
mouth, breathing becomes spasmodic and sighing ; and all the 
muscles of respiration strongfy contracted. Tetanic convul- 
sions follow ; face is full of terror ; maniacal if occasionally con- 
scious, delusions and hallucinations. Temperature rises, face 
intensely congested; rapid but progressive emaciation; great 
exhaustion, with paralysis and coma. 

The virus of hydrophobia is not to be found in the blood, but 
in the nerve centres, chiefly in the cervical portion of the spinal 
cord. 

The source of infection in all cases is supposed to be due to 
the bacillus, which produces irritation, effusion of serum, de- 
generation in the anterior cornua of the gray matter of the 
cervical portion of the spinal cord, and in the nuclei of the 
cranial nerves — these changes include pigmentation, atrophy, 
and vacuolation of the protoplasm. 

Precautionary Measures. — Immediately a bite of a rabid 
animal, ligate above and below the wounded part, then thor- 
oughly wash with warm water; cup it. Make free incisions 
into it; then hot water to encourage free bleeding; even excise 
it if the parts admit of it ; cauterization with dry permanganate 
of potassa is good, then wash off ; apply peroxide of hydrogen 
for twenty-four hours and dress with jelly of violets, cicatriza- 
tion takes place ; renew the application morning, noon, night. 

Rabies is a most remarkable microbic disease, different from 
all others, usually as seen in our country due to an evolution 
in the dog under insanitary conditions. The evolution takes 
place in the salivary glands ; there its toxin is liberated, which 
travels along the nerves peripheral to the centre, never impli- 
cating the blood. 

A common disease of dogs, communicated both by contagion 
and infection, most frequently through a scratch, abrasion, a 
bite. In some localities it is epidemic, difficult to eradicate. 

It is estimated that from 10 to 20 per cent of individuals bit- 
ten by rabid animals become affected by the disease, depending 
altogether upon the strength and integrity of the nervous 
system. 

A strong, vigorous nervous system will resist the entrance of 
the microbe; if so feeble as to permit or effect an entrance, a 
period of incubation, depending upon the integrity of the vital 



450 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

force of from 20 to 90 days, seldom less an interval than three 
weeks is required, before the central nerve is in a state of 
chaos. 

No antitoxin — no hypodermic injection of a solution of car- 
bolic acid has ever cured either the bites of snakes or of any 
rabid animals, neither has the attenuated virus been more suc- 
cessful. All will admit that in the most aggravated cases of 
snake-bite, with impending death threatening, if the patient 
can swallow quart after quart of either brandy or whisky, un- 
til profound intoxication is induced and maintained twenty- 
four or forty-eight hours, the microbe will die, patient recover. 

Although we are how in the twentieth century, this partial 
suspension treatment must not be let drop; it is needful in peri- 
tonitis, and above all in rabies, each requiring a different 
remedy, but obtaining a like result. Brandy for snake-bite; 
opium for puerperal metroperitonitis, and skullcap and echi- 
nacea combined for hydrophobia. 

It is only in -the stage of incubation that any treatment is 
available in rabies. 

The microbe of rabies consists of small globular cocci, single 
or united into characteristic colonies. They are not met with 
in the blood, but are found literally swarming in the cerebral 
secretion, in and around the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. 

One hundred and twenty drops of brain juice from above the 
medulla yields three- fourths of a grain of a distinct crystalliz- 
able (ptomain) alkaloid, one thirty-second of a grain of which 
injected into a mule gives rise to all the symptoms of hydro- 
phobia, and in a short time collapse, convulsions and death. 

The exceptional virulence of this microbe is due to its vital 
and reproductive energy, to the rapidity with which it multi- 
plies, and the excessive amount of ptomains excreted by the 
germ directly in the nerve centres. 

The microbe is pathogenic of the disease, bears culture well 
in a neutral menstruum. Inoculations of the cultures, or bet- 
ter still the ptomains, give rise to the disease. 

From these cultivations new ones can be made and carried on 
through successive generations, all cultures behaving in the 
same manner, showing exactly the same changes as in the 
parent culture. 

The most minute droplet of any of those cultivations pro- 
duces the disease in animals. 

So far no germicide has been discovered that will either ster- 
ilize or annihilate the microbe; ammonia, skullcap, black co- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 451 

hosh, elecampane, electricity, Turkish baths, are of no avail. 
In a case of snake-bite an honest physician will prescribe 
brandy, see it administered until profound narcotism is in- 
duced, even if it necessitates immense doses, for he knows that 
if he can induce a quasi suspension of the nervous system for 
ten or twelve hours the snake bacillus will die — the patient is 
saved. 

So in peritonitis deep narcotism saves the patient. Induced 
mainly by opium and gelsemium. From practical experience I 
might give you cases in which the same principle is supreme 
in hydrophobia, but induced by a copious, freshly-made decoc- 
tion of skullcap. This remarkable plant has the faculty in its 
crude form only of inducing partial paralysis of sentient nerves 
and nerve matter, and restricting molecular activity in the 
motor. The action of skullcap is much intensified by alternat- 
ing each dose with ammonia, either liquor ammonia acetatis 
or the chloride of ammonia. 

The stomach must be well guarded so as to be tolerant, of 
doses sufficient to induce a feeling of pins and needles over the 
entire body. No rule in either of the conditions mentioned can 
be laid down for doses and retention in the stomach. The doses 
in all cases must be effective to do the work, modified by other 
remedies. 

If the case is let alone, incubation carried out, spasmodic ac- 
tion commenced, no remedy is in any way available; but one 
thing I will sav, that if a course of skullcap be administered 
thoroughly there will be no rabies. It is effective here as 
brandy is in snake-bite. 

More recently practitioners of repute and trustworthiness in 
Asia have introduced hoang-nan (strychnos gaultheriana) as 
a germicide which will destroy the microbe. 

The effects and physiological action of this drug are general 
indisposition, with extreme fatigue, vertigo, tingling of the 
hands and feet, with involuntary movement of the jaws, and a 
partial suspension of nerve power. If these symptoms are not 
present, while the drug is being administered, it is a certain 
sign of the presence of a microbe imbibing the remedy. In 
such cases the treatment must be continued, the remedy in- 
creased every dose, until the microbe is destroyed, which is 
known when the above symptoms appear. 

If the remedy acts too violently, either because the microbe 
or its ptomain is absent, or to the administration of too large 
a dose, it is easily counteracted by administering fluid extract 



452 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

licorice. Energetic, repeated doses either in the stage of 
sprouting (incubation) or upon segmentation (violent rabid 
stage) should be the rule. 

HYPERICUM. — Hypericum perforatum, or St. John's- 
wort. 

Therapeutic Uses. — It is an astringent and antiseptic ; good 
for gravel, diarrhea, hemorrhage, worms, jaundice, wounds, 
bruises ; contains a volatile oil and resin. r 

Preparations and Doses. — The fresh leaves bruised and ap- 
plied to ulcers, or the flowers macerated in olive oil in the pro- 
portion of four ounces to the pint, or submitted, like the mul- 
lein oil, to polarized light. 

The fluid extract is most available for external use : Dose : 
Thirty to sixty drops, every three hours, in dysentery. 

HYPERTROPHY OF CLITORIS.— May be congenital, 
caused by reading novels, dancing, posing, roller-skating, bi- 
cycle exercise, masturbation. Ozonized extract sumbul, bro- 
mide; salix niger; very large doses of the green root tincture 
of gelsemium ; continued for months. 

HYPOCHONDRIASIS.— An obscure mental disease most 
commonly met with in persons of middle age. The hypochon : 
driac studies his own feelings and functions so much, and in- 
dulges so largely in introspection, that he is always ready to 
believe himself to be a subject of some disorder, real or imag- 
inary. In most of these cases there is some dyspepsia or consti- 
pation ; in other cases the only cause seems to be monotony in 
the daily routine of life. In Ireland many cases are traceable 
to monotony of diet and a diet consisting principally of starchy 
food, such as potatoes. The disease is closely allied to hysteria. 

HYPODERMIC MEDICATION.— This form of medica- 
tion has been found of great efficacy in a large class of cases. 
The patient should be an adult, the skin should be raised by 
grasping it with the index finger of the left hand, and the noz- 
zle of the syringe inserted by a rotatory and piercing movement 
into the cellular tissue for at least one-half or three-quarters 
of an inch; into this the remedy is deposited, and the syringe 
withdrawn in the same manner as inserted, and, as it is with- 
drawn, the index finger pressed firmly for a few minutes on the 
aperture. The best locations for use are those in which there 
are few veins, such as over the deltoid and nape of neck. The 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 453 

remedy used, if possible, should be an alkaloid, the dose put 
up in the form of a compressed tablet, which dissolves readily 
in a few drops of water. The advantage of this form of medi- 
cation is the greatest positive accuracy, compactness, and per- 
manency. 

The following maladies have been successfully treated by 
this method : 

Abscesses. — Injected with c. p. dioxide of hydrogen are per- 
fectly obliterated. 

Apoplexy. — After free cupping to nape of neck and shoul- 
ders, active purgation, mustard, with heat to lower extremities, 
is most successfully treated by subcutaneous injections of er- 
gotin. 

Boils. — At any stage, aborted by injections of c. p. peroxide 
of hydrogen. 

Bubo. — Aborted by the same procedure and remedy. 

Chloroform Poisoning. — One drop of a 1 per cent solution 
of nitroglycerin in 15 minims of distilled water, which can be 
repeated in half or one hour. 

Chorea. — The glucoside scutellarine, 2 grains in a solution, 
or from one-twentieth to one-fortieth of curare, has been suc- 
cessful hypodermically. 

Convulsions. — Hypodermically, one-eighth or one-fourth of 
a grain of solution of sulphate of morphia immediately breaks 
the attack. 

Convulsions, Puerperal. — Chloral subcutaneously is better 
than orally. 

Congestive Chills. — Injections of atropia, alternated with 
bisulphate or bromate of quinine. 

Croup, Membranous. — Dioxide of hydrogen, 3 to 6 drops, 
respectively of glycerin and water, injected into the cellular 
tissue over the thyroid gland, dissolves the membrane, enables 
its expectoration, and substitutes tracheotomy. 

Dysentery. — Morphia, hypodermically, in one-third-grain 
doses, has been found more rapid in relieving tenesmus than 
any other opiate. 

Eclampsia, Puerperal. — Veratrum viride. 2 to 4 drops of the 
tincture, subcutaneously, as required to keep the pulse down 
to about 60. Pilocarpin. 2-per-cent solution, is also recom- 
mended. 

Eczema. — Arseniate of soda, hypodermically, in solution of 
one-fifth, one-half, and 1 per cent, commencing with 10 minims 
of the weaker, and gradually increasing, is recommended. 



454 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Enuresis, Nocturnal. — Two very small doses of the nitrate 
of strychnia, injected in the vicinity of the rectum at suitable 
intervals, have proved successful. 

Epilepsy. — Curare in solution, 2 grains in 25 minims of 
water, with 2 drops of hydrochloric acid. About once a week 
inject about 4 drops beneath the skin. It has cured cases of 
several years' standing within two months. 

Erectile Tumors. — Have been successfully treated by injec- 
tions of perchloride of iron and chloride of sodium in solution, 
the tumor to be surrounded by a ring. 

Erysipelas. — Carbolic acid, 3-per-cent solution, eight or ten 
injections at the same time, so as to surround and cover the 
inflamed regions; also salicylic acid in the same manner. 

Foreign Body in Esophagus. — Threatened strangulation 
from impaction of gullet has been promptly relieved by induc- 
ing vomiting. Apomorphia, one-tenth grain, hypodermically. 
Emetina is also suggested in the same way. 

Fractures, Ununited. — Glacial acetic acid, 5 to 10 minims. 
between ends of the bones with hypodermic syringe. Iodine 
has also succeeded, used in the same way. 

Goitre. — Has been successfully treated by subcutaneous in- 
jections of ergotin, one-third, gradually increased to 1 grain. 

Hemoptysis. — Sclerotome acid (substitute for ergotin), 5- 
per-cent solution injected in neck or arm. 

Hemorrhages. — Hemorrhages, hematemesis, and uterine 
hemorrhages have all been arrested by hypodermics of ergotin 
and ergotinin. If pain, add morphia. 

Hernia. — Is more easily reduced by giving an hypodermic of 
morphine, with or without atropia. 

Hiccough. — In an obstinate case, resisting all other means, 
three-eighths of a grain of chlorhydrate of pilocarpin, hypo- 
dermically, quickly proved successful. 

Hydrophobia. — Much amelioration of the symptoms has fol- 
lowed hypodermics of curare. 

Obstruction of the Bowels. — Aloin has been used with suc- 
cess, subcutaneously, to move the bowels. 

Opium Poisoning. — Quite rapid recovery is reported to have 
followed warm hypodermics of fluid extract coffee, in 30- 
minim doses Caffein citrate and sulphate atropine are also con- 
sidered antidotes to opium. 

Perspiration, Arrest of. — Pilocarpin, the alkaloid of jabo- 
randi, will cause more or less profuse sweating, according to 
amount injected beneath the skin. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 455 

Polypus, Nasal. — Carbolic acid, .1 part; glycerin, 4 parts; 
20 drops sunk into tumor by means of hypodermic syringe 
effectually dissipated polypus in some cases reported. 

Retention of Urine. — From paralysis of the bladder, accom- 
panying typhus, variola, and hydrocephalus, has been promptly 
overcome by hypodermics of ergot in the fossa behind the great 
trochanter. 

Skin Diseases. — Caused by animalculse. Sulphuric, carbolic, 
salicylic, or sclerotinic acids, hypodermically, as in erysipelas. 

Snake-Bites. — Ammonia, brandy, carbolic or salicylic acids 
are all recommended, hypodermically, in case of snake poison, 
and have been injected with benefit directly into a vein. 

Strychnia Poisoning. — Caffein, 1 grain, hypodermically ; al- 
cohol in same way is also suggested ; chloral injections are also, 
mentioned. 

Surgical Shock. — Quinine, 6 grains, hypodermically, with 
one-third grain of morphia. 

Suspension of Salivary Secretion. — Pilocarpin excites sali- 
vation. 

Szveats, Night. — Atropin has given results. 

Syphilis Bacillus. — Completely annihilated by injections of 
albuminic solutions of the protiodide of mercury. 

Tetanus. — Nicotine, one three-hundredth of a grain, alter- 
nated with chloral hydrate : accompanied internally with pow- 
erful antispasmodics. 

Trichinosis. — Ergot, dioxide of hydrogen, hypodermically, 
have effected cures. 

Tumors. — Hypodermically, dioxide of hydrogen, followed 
by faradization, sponged, moistened with the same remedy. 

Urticaria. — Saturated solution of bisulphate of soda, perox- 
ide of hydrogen, and other bactericides. 

The hypodermic use of either glandered horse serum or the 
ass or goat preserved by carbolic acid produces degenerative 
changes in heart, liver, kidneys. 

HYSTERIA. — Anemia of brain and spinal cord, giving rise 
to morbid excitability of the nervous system, with convulsions, 
paroxysms and various disorders. 

The peculiar pathological condition gives rise to distress at 
the epigastrium — a feeling as of a ball working up from the 
abdomen into the throat: convulsions, and a perfect fac simile 
of all disease in which spinal accessory nerves are involved, as 
tonic spasms, coma, epilepsy, chorea, lockjaw, heart, liver, ab- 
dominal disease, all simulated. 



456 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

General alteratives and tonics,, avena sativa, kephalin, nux, 
glycerite ozone, coca, Pulsatilla. 

Seclusion and rest, perfect isolation from all friends. 

Massage for five hours daily by vitalized operator. 

Electricity by induction and faradization. 

Diet. — Most highly animalized possible, with oatmeal and 
boiled fish. Most perfect cures by this method in all cases. 

ICHTHYOL. — A distillate of bituminous substances. In 
appearance it resembles coal-tar ; it unites freely with petroleum 
ointment or oil, and is partly soluble in alcohol or ether. 

Therapeutic Uses. — A cutaneous bactericide. Its value 
consists in its high percentage of sulphur, its solubility in water, 
and its freedom from toxic properties. It is used both in- 
ternally and externally in various forms of rheumatism, gout, 
-etc. ; also in parasitic skin diseases, eczema, etc., variously di- 
luted with water, or in the form of an ointment. 

In the form of a jelly it is curative in gastric catarrh; kills 
the sarcinae ; in suppository, valuable in enlarged prostate. 

The administration of this suppository should in all cases 
be preceded by a boroglycerid suppository at seven p. m., and 
the ichthyol two hours later. The advantages to be derived 
from its use are complete absorption of all adventitious ma- 
terial, and a reduction in the size of the gland to its normal 
condition, provided it is persevered with. 

The shape and make of this suppository are unique, pre- 
senting many advantages for easy insertion, being largest 
about the middle, tapering to each end, the apex being pointed 
and the base truncated, with infinitesimal circular corruga- 
tions. 

When this suppository is introduced as far as its greatest 
diameter, the pressure of the rectal sphincter at once carries 
it forward into the rectum, and the inconvenience and dis- 
comfort to the patient of having to push it far in, against the 
pressure of the sphincter, is obviated. This is of special im- 
portance in prostatic hypertrophy. 

These suppositories are germicidal, their base the finest 
butter of coca, an inoxidizable hydrocarbon. Their use 
obviates all surgical procedure, which is so disastrous to mental 
integrity. 

The internal administration of the jelly of ichthyol is pre- 
eminently destructive to the sarcinae ventriculi, the factor of 
gastric catarrh ; hence a good remedy for that form of stomach 
trouble. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 457 

ICHTHYOSIS. — A rare disease of the skin, associated 
with a dryness and scaliness of the cuticle, without heat, pain 
or itching. It is usually congenital. 

Treatment. — Frequent bathing and the free use of dermolia 
ointment is curative. 

IDIOCY. — Gaping idiocy, feeblemindedness, a condition in 
which there is a deficiency of the cineritious elements of the 
brain, and an obliteration of its typical fissures of thought. 

Its etiology is either alcoholic conception, incompatibility of 
temperament on the part of the parents, drugging of the mother 
during pregnancy with abortefacients, drudgery. 

Its treatment is quite elaborate and generally successful be- 
fore the patient reaches the age of twenty-one. The absurd 
cataclysmal stages of seven, fourteen and twenty-one must 
find no place in scientific treatment. Thyroid extract 
must be administered daily in such doses as the attending* 
physician deems prudent to start brain growth ; persevered with 
for months; c. p. solution spermin, avena sativa, kephalin, 
comp. hypophosphites, diet rich in phosphates, oatmeal, boiled 
fish, wheaten grits, etc., liberal to a fault. Frequent bathing 
or sponging to wipe away the peculiar exhalations. Massage 
to quicken the springs of life. Plant life in him by maintain- 
ing the highest possible state of health. Keep him from isola- 
tion, solitariness, as they increase intellectual torpor and are 
productive of deterioration. Surround him with influences of 
art and nature to make life joyous and quicken his power of 
thought. 

If under twenty-one years of age, thyroid extract of the lamb 
never fails ; push it during all seasons. 

Summer brings a remarkable immunity from disease; gym- 
nastics, massage, faradization, moral training: and instruction 
can be pushed. 

IMMUNITY. — The capability of our bodies in a state of 
health to resist the attacks or entrance of disease germs is 
wonderful; different, however, when we are unnerved, either 
by overwork or worry or depression, or exhaustion; then all 
or many bacteria can enter, as the vital forces are powerless to 
resist. No evolution of bacteria in health — even if an entrance 
be effected, they are harmless, as long as perfect health exists. 
Germicides will kill microbes, stop their propagation, but it 
is vital force that prevents their growth. Germs may pro- 



458 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

duce disease, but health never produces germs. Deadly germs 
can only live in a pabulum homogeneous to their character. 

If, with the microscope, we examine a capillary blood-vessel, 
we will observe, the red blood-corpuscles flowing rapidly along, 
compactly, close together, in the centre of the blood-stream. 
They appear to be hurrying on as though engaged on some im- 
portant business, and, being somewhat late, were impatient 
to reach their destination and begin work at once. They seem 
to have a definite purpose, and are eager to carry it out. The 
red blood-corpuscles have, indeed, a special function, that of 
carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body. The 
oxygen, which is loosely combined with the hemoglobin of the 
red blood-corpuscles during their momentary exposure while 
passing through the lungs, is carried to those parts of the body 
to the welfare of which it is essential. In as far as we know, 
red blood-corpuscles do not convey carbonic acid in any con- 
siderable quantities from the tissues to the lungs ; that this gas 
does reach the organs of respiration from the tissues and is 
there expelled from the body is well known, but that it is car- 
ried by the red blood-corpuscles is not by any means assured ; 
i< is, in fact, probably carried by the plasma 

When we examine the white blood-corpuscles we find them 
moving slowly along the outer edge of the capillary blood- 
stream, clinging to the sides of the vessel, or lying in the still 
layer. We will also notice the leukocyte occasionally sending 
out pseudopodia as if feeling along the walls, and presently, 
into a small crevice between the cells, the process will in- 
sinuate itself, and the white corpuscle gradually passes from 
the capillary into the surrounding tissue. 

A white blood-corpuscle is composed of native undifferenti- 
ated protoplasm, not fitted for any special purpose, but possess- 
ing all the fundamental properties of protoplasm — irritability, 
contractility, metabolism, reproduction, etc. Therefore, when 
it escapes into a surrounding tissue, it has the faculty of be- 
coming a part of that tissue, whether nerve, muscle, connective, 
or other, but if not taken up, it enters a lymphatic vessel, and 
in time returns to the general circulation, to enter upon another 
round of adventure. As free protoplasm, the white corpuscle 
lias the fundamental properties mentioned ; as fixed, it is gov- 
erned by the organ or tissue of which it becomes a part, and we 
have then a manifestation of certain only of these properties, 
to the exclusion or complete subordination of all the rest. 

As has alreadv been stated, the leukocytes are in the still 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 459 

layer of the capilllary blood-stream, having, apparently, very 
little to do, and abundant time in which to do it. These 
entities are, however, not so idle as they appear, but are, in fact, 
doing what we might call police duty. They are on the look- 
out for invaders, foreigners, such as bacteria, bacilli, and micro- 
organisms of every kind, for such are the natural prey of the 
leukocytes, or, as better designated, the phagocyte. 

Bacteria abound everywhere, on all external things. We 
absorb them constantly with our food, with our drink, and with 
the air we breathe ; they thus constantly reach the blood-stream 
in large numbers, but are there attacked and destroyed by the 
phagocytes, and whatever harm they might have done is pre- 
vented. 

When germs come in extraordinary numbers, the conflict be- 
tween the phagocytes and the invaders grows fiercer, and should 
the foreigners prove too strong, the phagocytes suffer defeat, 
the pathogenic bacteria triumph, and the body in which the 
conflict has occurred is damaged to such an extent as to destroy 
the organism as a living entity. But if, as is more frequently 
the case, the phagocytes have eventually conquered, the body 
then becomes immune to that special form of invasion against 
which battle was waged, and will not again suffer from an 
attack of the particular form of pathogenic germ which was 
conquered. And thus the individual is protected from a future 
attack of measles, smallpox, or whatever form of contagious 
disease is represented by the attacking pathogenic germs. 

The battle between the phagocytes and the assailing hosts 
gave rise to considerable friction, the temperature of the body 
was elevated, the circulation accelerated, and the patient be- 
came very uncomfortable during the conflict. The phagocytes 
at first, unaccustomed to the invaders, were taken by surprise, 
did not understand the methods of warfare employed by their 
opponents, and were almost defeated. But as the war con- 
tinued, new phagocytes were born, who, arriving on the field 
with inherited resistance, acquired more, until in time a race 
appeared which was able to expel the enemy. Perhaps several 
generations of phagocytes may have been necessary with the 
survival of the fittest before this was accomplished, but when 
once attained, immunity was permanent. Sometimes, rarely, 
a second attack of the same contagious disease may occur. 
This is due to the debilitating influences to which the body may 
liave been subject, and to an exhausted heredity, the opposing 
power of the phagocytes having been weakened. 



460 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Acting upon the theory of natural immunity through phago- 
cytic action, artificial immunization has been attempted. The 
object has been to gradually render the phagocyte immune to 
the various microbes of infectious diseases by injecting into 
the blood a weak cultivation of the pathogenic organism. As 
the phagocytes learned to resist the weakened culture, the 
strength of the culture was gradually increased, and in propor- 
tion the resistant power of the phagocyte increased, until 
eventually, the strongest infection was repelled, and thus im- 
munity was conferred upon the body. 

In this manner hydrophobia was anticipated, smallpox pre- 
vented, and other infections, of which a weak and harmless 
germ culture could at first be made, were introduced into the 
healthy body to render it immune. It was for a time claimed 
that almost all diseases could thus be evaded, even syphilis, 
tuberculosis, and cancer; and enthusiasts were rejoicing that 
the millennium in preventive medicine was near at hand. 

This theory of immunity has terminated in one of the 
grossest frauds ever perpetrated upon the medical profession, 
fallacious in every essential point. 

The theory of the phagocyte action of the white blood-cor- 
puscles was also made to serve here. It was granted that there 
was a conflict between the invaders and the phagocytes. The 
theory was, then, to increase the number of phagocytes by the 
injection of white blood-corpuscles into the body, and thus to- 
re-enforce them, as it were, and in this way to overcome the 
pathogenic organisms by force of superior numbers. 

According to a very popular theory, a course of injections 
must be taken for the prevention of each contagious disease, as 
immunization from one did not prevent at attack from another, 
different in nature, and so it would require a long time to render 
the body safe from all. Seropathy does not endeavor to ren- 
der the body immune, but waits until infection occurs, and 
then by re-enforcing the natural protective forces of the body. 
the phagocytes, drives the disease from the body. 

Both of these theories are based upon well-known facts, and 
doubtless have some good points. That the results are, so far, 
not all which fervent adherents claim is well known. There 
seems to be a limit to the protective and combative power of 
phagocytes, however numerous, and when introduced into the 
blood in large numbers they consume each other or die, and are 
thrown off by the excretory organs. The normal proportion 
of white blood-corpuscles in the blood is at most but one of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 461 

two hundred of the red, and it does not appear that artificial 
leukocytosis increases the resistant power of the body. The 
theory is a beautiful one, but it fails in its ultimate realization. 
It is to be regretted that such is the case, but from foreign 
shores the rumblings of decay are already heard, and soon only 
those behind the times will be found upon this ground. 

In a high state of vital force — perfect health, free from 
lesions, free from auto-intoxication is a body immune — a body 
in which pathogenic microbes are powerless to cause disease; 
all disease germs require a soil ready for their reception. There 
must be no defect, no depression of vital force either temporary 
or permanent. 

True a rudimentary condition of the great sympathetic ren- 
ders its possessor immune to some maladies, such as yellow 
fever, acute laryngitis, carditis, pneumonia, etc. 

Immunity is lost either by neglect or ignorance of hygenic 
and sanitary precautions — it is lost by inertia, sloth, which 
gives rise to auto-intoxication, the indirect cause of licentious- 
ness and intemperance, potent factors in the production of 
disease. 

Remedies that vitalize the nervous system act efficiently by 
promoting molecular activity of the great sympathetic — favor 
the acquisition of immunity, such as change, abundance of fresh 
air; good wholesome, unadulterated food, bathing, massage, 
etc., together with the administration of passiflora, a nerve 
builder, aided by avena sativa, kephalin, alternated with thy- 
roid extract, c. p. solution of spermin, protonuclien. ' 

Immunity by nutrition increases the phagocytes that take up 
foreign bodies, poisons, into their own bodies and destroy them ; 
then certain substances appear in the blood, antagonistic to all 
toxins, and the vital activity of all disease germs ; then a process 
of immunization goes on and keeps ahead. 

IMPAIRED VISION. — One thing that strikes a stranger 
visiting our large cities is the vast number of cases of im- 
paired vision. Now;, gentle reader, you must not entertain the 
idea that all such cases in young men and women are due to 
masturbation, or that in adults it is due to sexual excesses. A 
certain proportion are due to those causes. 

A great excess of uric acid in the blood produces a hazy or 
foggy vision. 

To the presence of toxicity we must trace the largest pro- 
duction of impaired vision — that toxin of disease germs. I 



462 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

have met with numerous cases in the eruptive fevers of sudden 
loss of sight, which was restored by a warm bath and an 
emetic. 

The toxin of typhoid fever, under the old treatment, often 
gave rise to optical neuritis and cerebral degeneration. Under 
the germicidal system this is unknown. 

The toxin of diphtheria has a preference for the optic nerve, 
for certain branches of the musculo-spinal, the palate, while 
that of spyhilis affects the cranial nerves generally. 

The prolonged use of all acro-narcotic drugs is injurious to 
the optic nerve, the alkaloidal element leads to neuritis of the 
peripheral part of the nerve. 

Nicotin from pipe-smoking, tobacco, comes under this class. 

In impaired vision from tobacco-smoking there exists an in- 
terstitial inflammation of the axial portion of the optic nerve, a 
true neuritis. The defect occupies the centre of the field of 
vision and is usually the most marked for colors. 

The impaired vision in chronic alcoholism is due to atrophy 
of brain and optics, a true shrinkage. 

The impaired vision in diabetes is due to the toxins of glucose 
giving rise to inflammation and opacity of the lens. 

Very much of the impaired vision of the present age is due to 
the preservation of milk and other food products, especially 
meat and poultry by formalin — a process which causes ir- 
reparable atrophy of the optic nerve of every individual who 
consumes such articles. 

Impaired vision due to toxins affecting the optic nerve is best 
treated by a general alterative and tonic course, improving nu- 
trition in every possible manner, inculcating a change of scene, 
the withdrawal of the poison, stimulation to the root of the 
optic nerve in the medulla oblongata. 

As a real curative drug ozone water is undoubtedly the best. 

It is a scavenger to the blood, an excellent remedy to sweep 
alkaloidal poisons from the tissues. 

Although a powerful eliminator of tissues it is constructive. 

The dose not to exceed three teaspoonfuls daily — one morn- 
ing, noon and night. 

If there be anemia give protonuclien a trial. 

If the case is stubborn I have been most successful with the 
hypodermic injection of the nitrate of strychnine over the 
deltoid muscle, the solution being eight grains to the ounce of 
distilled water. Ten drops every day, or if twenty drops be 
injected the patient must be held under the physician's observa- 
tion for an hour after the injection. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 463 

IMPETIGO. — A disease of the skin characterized by the 
appearance of pustules, which are most numerous on the face 
and limbs, but are generally few in number at one time. Each 
pustule is surrounded by some redness. After a few days the 
pustules burst, shrivel, and dry up, scabs being formed. It is 
most commonly met with amongst children, but one variety 
appears to be contagious. It is not a dangerous disease, al- 
though there is often some slight constitutional disturbance. 

Treatment. — Locally dermolia ointment is invaluable in- 
ternally sulphite of lime. 

IMPOTENCE. — An inability to copulate or perform the 
sexual act is one of the most common derangements of the male 
sexual organs, and this failure of the generative function is 
either due to debility or weakness ; to deficiency or absence of 
erection ; to abnormal conditions of the genital organs, which 
render intromission of the penis impracticable. Hence men 
who are impotent are usually sterile, the power of procreating 
depending upon depositing the semen well up into the vagina. 
There are four conditions, either of which may render a man 
impotent : 

1. Debility or Atonic. — The most common of all forms, 
due to exhaustion of the nerve cells, a sequel of fevers; local 
inflammation of the prostrate urthra, the result of sexual ex- 
cesses, gonorrhea, injuries, masturbation, withdrawal. 

2. Sympathetic or Psychic. — Due to some damage done 
to the great sympathetic, either by or through some depressed 
emotion, desire, affection, passion — the outcome of sexual 
neurosis, brought about by excessive mental strain, close 
literary brainwork, which is attended by a lack of confidence. 

3. Paralytic. — Generally due to defective nutrition of the 
nerve cells or neurosis of the reproductive organs; often 
originates in masturbation, sexual excesses, perversion of the 
sexual act, dalliance, wearing condums, varicocele. 

4. Organic. — May either depend upon malformation or 
some congenital defect ; or mutilation or deformity ; or obesity, 
inguinal hernia, hydrocele or undescended testes; or to the 
toxins of disease germs, drugs, coal-tar derivatives, alcohol, 
which give rise to softening of the brain or spinal cord. 

The first three forms of impotency thus enumerated are more 
common in America than any other country in the world. This 
is due to the widespread excesses, masturbation, overstimula- 
tion; to our highly oxygenized atmosphere, to an intense neu- 



464 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

rosis which pervades our entire population and infiltrates every 
cell and neuron of the body; to debasing, sensually-absorbing* 
literature. 

In higher altitudes impotency is alarmingly common. 

The treatment of these different forms of impotency re- 
quires great skill, finest discrimination, tact and extensive ex- 
perience. 

The confidence of the patient must be secured; he must be 
squarely and honestly dealt with ; all causes that can be removed 
should be got rid of. The general health should be seen to by 
proper clothing, daily bathing and a most nutritious diet. 

All cases are benefited by a general tonic and alterative 
course of treatment, and every organ in the body, especially the 
brain and spinal cord, put into good working order. 

All incidental maladies, as piles, varicocele, relaxed states of 
the ejaculatory ducts, seminal vesicles, stricture, irritable pros- 
tate, all must be got rid of. 

It must also be recognized that certain trades or professions 
blight, wither, exhaust the reproductive centres, such as opera- 
tors in photographic and electrical supplies, or workers in 
lead. 

1. Debility or atonic impotency is the most common form. 
Through some weakness, the lumbar or reflex centre for 
erection fails, wholly or partially, to respond to the ordinary 
stimulus ; the centre is defective, lessened in vitality, deficient 
in activity, mobility, excitability, tonicity. Any cause or 
causes which would be productive of a partial death or inflam- 
mation of the prostatic portion of the urethra will give us this 
form of impotency, such as masturbation, sexual excesses, 
gonorrhea, bicycle riding, perversion of the sexual act, congress 
with harlots ; a constricted or elongated prepuce. 

Inflammation of the prostate urethra and genito-spinal 
centre gives rise to seminal incontinence and incapacity. It is 
a true neurosis, with the prostate urethra exquisitely tender, 
with a diminished sensibility ; lax, flabby condition of the skin 
of the penis and scrotum. 

Most common of all forms, usually caused by gonorrhea and 
masturbation, but many other latent causes are at work ; char- 
acterized in all cases by an inability to consummate the act of 
coition. 

All aphrodisiacs, such as mix vomica, muira puama, spermin, 
ambrosia, damiana, must be kept back until all congestion is 
removed, until the reflex excitability of the spinal cord is sus- 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 465 

pended. The diet in the four varieties should be abundant, 
generous to a fault, nutritious and digestible, but unstimulating 
— tea and all alcoholic beverages avoided. Sleep on right side 
on a hair mattress ; empty the bladder before retiring. Bicycle 
and horseback exercise must be avoided, even driving on the 
rough seats is injurious. Every condition in life that will 
cause congestion of the prostate urethra must be carefully 
avoided. To cure the genital centre in the cord, remove the 
congestion in the prostate urethra, wipe out irritability, the 
combination of the green root tincture gelsemium and ozonized 
passiflora excels all other remedies. 

2. Sympathetic or Psychic Impotency. In this form we 
must recognize that the great sympathetic has suffered a shock, 
a partial death. 

There are numerous forms or varieties ; the most common are 
the sexual, those due to exhaustion of the great sympathetic 
which covers the anterior portion of the penis. 

The damaged state of this branch usually occurs in those who 
have been guilty of early indiscretion, masturbation, excesses, 
unnatural methods of intercourse, or in those who have had the 
gonococcus, or had congress with harlots. Catarrh of the 
prostate and bladder, or inflammation of the testes, or some 
depression of the nerve either in the heart, larynx, lung or 
stomach, because any weakness of this nerve in any part, even 
in organs so distinct, causes by sympathy genital failure, all 
organs supplied with branches of this nerve are in constant 
•communication with each other — they harmonize. 

In more than two-thirds of all cases of impotency the cause 
lies in a deranged state of the sympathetic, a lack of confidence 
in his power to accomplish the act ; a fear or dread which ren- 
ders them impotent. In consequence of this fear and dread, 
the inhibitor}* nerves become paralyzed in any one resorting 
to unnatural methods for the gratification of his sexual 
appetite. Even the prostate in highly civilized men contains 
in its cortical layers extensive nervous plexi interspersed with 
ganglia. 

This form of impotency not infrequently disappears spon- 
taneously when the mental condition is removed — pain, grief, 
misfortunes have a paralyzing effect on the centres of erection. 

Impotency from the restraining or inhibitory control of the 
brain over the genital spinal centre is much less common than 
the preceding form. The erection may cease or fail altogether 
under the influence of excitement, or under the influence of 



466 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

some depression, emotion or passion, or a mental preoccupa- 
tion, is a fact with which we are familiar. Masturbators who 
marry, or married men who resort to withdrawal, are at first 
victims of this form. All such are liable to have erections 
failing before the act is complete, or having erections so feeble 
that penetration is impossible. 

Disgust, fear, indifference, repugnance, suspicion of in- 
fidelity, lack of self-confidence, due to early vices and ex- 
cesses, has produced reflex excitability. 

The semen of young men of a nervous temperament who 
have been addicted to the secret vice, or been with courtesans, 
or who have read books with vivid colors, very soon become 
destitute of healthy spermatozoa ; that is, they become dwarfed, 
poverty struck, infertile, and lose their vitalizing effect upon 
the careworn sufferer, and the so-called seminal discharge is 
thin, watery and loaded with spermatic crystals, and the very- 
presence of these crystals denotes nervous bankruptcy, dimin- 
ished spermatozoa or their entire absence, degenerative changes 
with unproductive semen. 

Men with damaged sympathetic nerve or brain, with a 
chaotic or disarranged nervous system, often suffer from im- 
aginative impotency from the slightest exciting lesion. 

Some neurasthenic men will imagine their penis too small, 
others have occasional nocturnal emissions and they are afraid 
of failure; while another class imagine that they have either 
stricture or a tight foreskin, or varicocele, or a gleety dis- 
charge, or that their testes are wasting. All usch, when they 
make the attempt, not infrequently have erections failing- 
through sheer fear of inability to penetrate. 

The mind preys upon itself, constant thought that impotence 
is impending, that it is the natural outcome of early errors or 
excesses is sure to cause a failure. 

Young husbands on the first night of marriage often fail", 
simply through eagerness ; the sympathetic influence withdrawn 
from the heart all droop. Most men will fail once in a while; 
especially if they have masturbated: they are baffled because 
they cannot consummate the act; unfortunate attempts give 
rise to much distress and misery in regard to its re-occurrence. 

In psychical or nervous impotence everything is favorable 
for a cure if all the sexual organs are normal.^ The excited 
cerebral activity must be overcome by the ozonized passiflora 
extract, doses sufficient to control their abnormally excitable 
nervous patients, who enter upon coitus with powerful erec- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 467 

tions and extraordinary excitement, yet before the beginnings 
of the act the penis droops and its introduction an utter im- 
possibility. Such failures are discouraging, but in the ozonized 
passiflora, in black willow extract ozonized, in the salix nigra 
bougie and suppository we have a true panacea. 

Psychical impotency depends upon a damaged sympathetic, 
characterized in a large percentage of cases by weak erections 
of short duration, ejaculation too soon, aversion not an infre- 
quent condition. Complete loss of erections is soon followed 
by abolition of the sexual appetite altogether. 

As patients suffering from physical impotence have generally 
a normal genital apparatus, and very few of them suffer from 
azoospermia, the prognosis as a rule is favorable. This neu- 
rosis of the sympathetic is most variable in its manifestations. 
When alone in bed he may have powerful erections, yet as soon 
as he attempts coitus, he approaches it with fear and doubt, and 
there is no erection, or an imperfect one. Some men can go 
with one woman only; whereas, there are others who can go 
with any one, under all conditions. Brain workers, as a rule, 
play a lamentable role in sexual intercourse. 

The nervous system is particularly susceptible to the effects 
of sexual excesses, still more to masturbation; both induce a 
series of changes in the nerves — in the cells of the cerebral cor- 
tex — which is of the nature of a softening, with a swelling of 
the protoplasmic branches of the fibres of the nerve cell. These 
changes are followed by a gradual disintegration and breaking 
up of the cell protoplasm. 

3. Paralytic. — May be denned as a loss or decay of erectile 
power, with diminished sensibility and size of the organ pres- 
ent in the advanced stage of impotency. It may be partial or 
complete. Most commonly met with in those who have abused 
their sexual powers with harlots, masturbation, excesses, or 
have received blows or injuries upon the head or spine. 

It is a sort of blight upon the reproductive organs. Most 
insidious in its commencement, appearing in men of thirty 
years of age, becoming more common as we ascend the scale of 
age, with apparently no effect upon the general health, unless 
it be an occasional slight dyspepsia or marked depression in 
the hot weather. 

In every case there can be detected a secret draining away of 
semen, a mere humidity, moisture, weeping, but just enough, 
week by week, to undermine the health, impair the strength, 
weaken the vitality of the individual, rendering him liable to- 
cerebral softening, apoplexy and paralysis. 



468 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

In other cases semen may pass in the urine-, or there may be 
intermittent priapisms, followed by exhaustion, prostration. , 

Such states of oozing or leakages are not less debilitating 
than an emission, for every drop that does escape is the abode 
of a living being, a particle of living seed, possibly deteriorated 
by disease, but the gradual loss of which is tantamount to the 
destruction of the body. 

For the cure of sexual apathy or paralysis I have found it of 
the utmost benefit to administer remedies both by the rectum 
and mouth. 

In the rectum remedies which will dissolve readily set free 
their potent properties and be quickly absorbed into the seminal 
vesicles, which lie directly in front of the rectum, affecting 
also the sympathetic and ganglionic nerves that surround the 
vesicles in a veritable network. 

Salix nigra suppository, for losses, drains, weakness, exhaus- 
tion, and in short all forms of spermatorrhea. 

The pink marrow suppository after every meal for lost vigor, 
degeneration >of the sexual ganglia, for obliterating reflex 
neuroses, and some forms of impotency and sterility ; for vital- 
izing and rejuvenating the deadened, dulled, paralytic and all 
forms of sexual decay. 

The pink marrow restores strength, imparts tone and equi- 
librium to deadened nerves; besides, it soothes irritability and 
excitement. 

Muira puama is a drug of intrinsic value, for if there be a 
spark of sexual vitality left, its careful administration will 
bring it to the surface. 

This remedy supersedes all sexual excitants, and is worthy of 
the serious consideration of the profession. 

4. Organic Impotence. — The power of sexual intercourse 
may be altogether extinguished or permanently abolished in 
consequence of certain congenital or acquired defects, malfor- 
mation, injuries or disease of the external genital organs, 
through which penetration and erection is impossible ; an arrest 
of the secretory activity of the testes, malformation of the penis 
from a mere rudimentary condition to one of hypertrophy; a 
scrotal hernia, hydrocele, deformities of the scrotum unfit the 
organ for use. Congenital shortening of the corpus spongi- 
osum, which keeps the penis bent down toward the perineum. 
Distortion and vicious deviation, generally due to induration 
during erection externally to one side or the other, interfere 
with coition, rendering that act impracticable; calcification of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. .469 

the spongiosum may give rise to impotence from upward or 
downward curvature of the penis. Absence of the testes is 
attended by an inability to copulate. If present, the microbes 
of syphilitic cancer completely destroy their structure, secre- 
tory and fertilizing power. 

The power of erection may, after it has been lost, be re- 
stored, if the cause can be removed. If it depends on syphilis, 
comp. saxifraga and chloride of gold ; if on arrest of develop- 
ment, ozonized thyroid extract, protonuclein, oats, kephalin. 
c. p. solution of spermin. If it arises from indiscreet use of 
saturating the system with medicinal agents, such as lead, arse- 
nic, opium, cocain and all the coal-tar derivatives, a general 
alterative and tonic course is best, with the comp. tincture of 
ambrosia orientalis orally and in suppository form. 

As the state of impotency is of such vast importance, we 
herewith append the views of the leading physicians in our 
country on the subject : 

Impotence is a morbid condition, physical or mental, in 
either sex that prevents the spermatozoa of the male from com- 
ing in contact with the female ovule : in other words, it is an 
inability to consummate the sexual act. Sterility is a condition 
in which neither spermatozoa nor ovules are secreted or elab- 
orated ; or if evolved, their vitality is immediately destroyed, 
or possess no fertilizing power whatever — a perfect want of 
power to fecundate. 

The act of copulation in man may be rendered inoperative by 
a variety of causes, such as by an absence of the penis, or a want 
of growth or development, or malformation, or mutilation of 
the organ. The dorsal or upper aspect of the penis is covered 
with branches of sympathetic nerve, and its erectile power may 
be influenced by moral influences, as emotions, desires, affec- 
tions, passions ; these may be simply overexcited, or violent, or 
dormant ; the man may have lost his confidence, through fear. 
or modesty, or anxiety, or great love, or even disgust, and find 
it impossible to get an erection, the organ remaining flabby, 
like an old rag. It is to be naturally expected that diseases, as 
in fevers, blood diseases, and general debility from any cause, 
would render the sexual organs feeble for some time. Injuries 
about the back of the head, blows, falls and jars of childhood, 
as well as the concussions, shocks of more mature life, as rail- 
road accidents — which are a great factor in its production ; heat 
of sun on back of head : those are the most stubborn, as sexual 
desire is located and semen secreted in the brain. Again, in- 



4/0 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

juries and diseases of the spinal cord will abrogate the power 
to copulate, though the desire remains and semen may be se- 
creted. Abuse of the sexual organs by masturbation, and by 
what is vulgarly known as tasting, destroys every vestige of 
erectile power. If persisted in, the function may be forever 
lost. Congress with loose, lax, very large women, or those 
affected with leukorrhea, or excessive sexual intercourse, will 
in time impair and remove the power of erection. Excessive 
obesity, large scrotal hernia, hydrocele, locomotor ataxia, and 
other diseases will also prevent coition. Drugs, and the reckless 
abuse of some remedies, have a most deleterious effect 'on the 
sexual function. The excessive use of tobacco, which impairs 
digestion, weakens the nervous system, relaxes and whittles 
down the muscular tissue, renders a man feeble in procreative 
power, and ultimately saps his very vitals. Opium eating, or 
smoking, or morphine and chloral using, dries up the very 
springs of life, prevents the elaboration of semen in the brain, 
and paralyzes the nerves that supply the erectile fibres. The 
long-continued use of digitalis in cardiac affections tells most 
disastrously on the penis, in causing impotency as well as ster- 
ility. The long use of bromide of potass on brain, spinal and 
testicle is equal to castration. 

The treatment of impotence and sterility must be influenced 
by the causes from which they spring; some are incurable, 
whilst others can be removed by appropriate remedies. Cases 
that depend upon congenital deficiency or malformation of the 
sexual organs are all more or less capable of removal in one 
way or other. The cases of impotence which depend upon 
functional or moral causes are the most numerous. 

It is met with in the following forms : slight deficiency of 
desire and capacity, or in deficiency of capacity with an increase 
of desire, as is met with in spinal irritation or blows on the 
head. In either of these forms the emission may come too early 
or even before introduction. 

Profound deficiency, both of desire and capacity, due to self- 
abuse, excess or perverted sexual function, in which varicocele, 
wasted testes; penis cold, shrunken, paralyzed, or anesthetic; 
power of erection weak or utterly wanting, is the most com- 
mon of all forms. Some have damaged their procreative 
powers so irreparably that erectile power is increased abnor- 
mally, and in the sexual act no discharge of seminal fluid takes 
place; while others have a mere debility or weakness of the 
generative organs from too early coition or abuse. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 471 

The sexual sense is in the brain, transmitted by nerve fibres 
to the glans penis, in which all sensations in the male sexual 
apparatus originate. The delicate pinkish or reddish mucous 
membrane of the head has in it thousands of microscopic nerve 
fibrils, each of which ends just under the mucous membrane in 
a delicate pear-shaped bulb, about one-twelve-thousandth of an 
inch in diameter. 

It is the overexcitement of those nerve bulbs by self-abuse, 
excesses, sedentary occupations, venereal disease, or by agents 
acting on the brain, as solitary confinement or blows ; these and 
like causes deaden the nerve bulbs, and give us the impotence 
so common in the present age. It is then the damaged glans 
penis and brain that we find to be the source of failing power, 
lost sensitiveness, lack of erectile power, wasting, shrinkage, 
impotency. Now the ordinary treatment for such cases is 
bathing, friction, massage, best of diet. The internal use of 
glycerite of kephalin ozonized, phosphated tincture of oats, 
damiana. etc., is often slow, unsatisfactory, or it may be inef- 
fectual. 

But the direct method of treatment seldom fails, that is to 
bring ozonized vitalized bougies into the urethra up to the semi- 
nal ducts in the prostate urethra, permitting them to melt and 
be absorbed, so that they will soothe the nerves of the glans and 
reinvigorate them with new life. The absorbents here are 
keen, active; they carry the remedy deep down to the ducts, 
vesicles and nerves, imparting tone, vigor to the parts. 

The most hopeless cases of impotency are those in which the 
brain and spinal cord have been damaged from shock, concus- 
sion, the toxin of disease germs, sclerosis of the cord (ataxia), 
some chronic organic disease of the cord, thickening, mutila- 
tion; these are not common, and, as a rule, cannot be rectified. 

As a rule there should be a general treatment in all cases, 
which should embrace daily bathing, with the use of the shower 
bath, friction, massage, hips daily; bowels to be kept regular; 
sleep on right side, and its duration extended to eight or nine 
hours out of the twenty- four; moderate exercise, no mental 
work, no care, worry or excitement. The use of tea, coffee, 
whisky, together with tobacco, must be rigidly forbidden. 

The use of brain food should be insisted on, such as oatmeal, 
broiled white fish, corn bread, eggs, oysters, beef, mutton, 
poultry, game ; aid digestion, if necessary, with pepsin or 
papoid and matricaria. 

An alterative and tonic course can always be followed with 



4/2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

advantage, as it has a tendency to improve the general health ; 
besides stimulating applications to the spine are most beneficial 
in the form of plasters, friction, shampooing, electricity. 

Men with a largely developed or weak great sympathetic 
often suffer from passive or imaginative impotency, fear they 
have an inability; disgust with their partner; perfect incom- 
patibility in some cases, and it is in those very cases the admin- 
istration of passiflora and matricaria work magnificently. 

As to special remedies for the cure of real genuine impotency, 
a physician can select from the following list a feAv remedies of 
genuine, intrinsic value : 

Comp. tincture matricaria for all around tonic in every case 
of sexual impotency is unexcelled in its action. It stimu- 
lates a rousing appetite, braces up the reproductive centre, the 
brain and the cord. 

The ambrosia orientalis, either in tincture, pill, tablet or sup- 
pository, is a powerful sexual vitalizer, a cerebrospinal stimu- 
lant, prompt and powerful in its action. 

Muira puama and damiana, tincture, bougie and suppository, 
are often of much value, especially muira puama, administered 
in small doses for a length of time. Its sole property seems to 
be to augment the strength of the erectile fibres ; if its action is 
well supported by oats and kephalin, it has much merit as a vit- 
alizing remedy. As regards damiana, the article must be good ; 
even then it has a feeble action. It is a drug much depreciated 
by the manner in which ignorant charlatans have manipulated 
it. 

The animal extracts are of immense utility in aiding a cure 
of hopeless impotency. Either protonuclein or thyroid extract 
should be administered in every case, in alternation, week 
about ; they favor evolution and growth of spermatozoa by 
their producing leukocytosis ; in other words, they are the active 
principle of life. 

In alternation with one or other of these two, either c. p. 
solution of spermin or glycerite of kephalin, or tincture* of 
Scotch oats. 

These remedies are true builders of vital elements when once 
introduced into the alimentary canal; they are bound to gen- 
erate and augment sexual vigor. They produce a higher type 
of manhood, rejuvenate, revitalize the sexual centres in the 
brain and spinal cord. For the present age and its general char- 
acteristics these are the remedies for more power, more 
strength. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 473 

The kephalin granules are a most elegant form, suitable 
for those unable to take liquid preparations. 

The large mass of our population are victims of neuras- 
thenia, and especially so among professional men, clerks, mer- 
chants, bankers, brokers, ministers and theological students, 
who suffer from impaired sexual and vital power, and are un- 
der the care of some physician, losing time, and taking treat- 
ment for some imaginary disease, such as dyspepsia, consump- 
tion, constipation, etc., when really their very life and vitality 
is oozing away, either in the urine or otherwise. 

Some of them may have had a gonorrhea imperfectly treated, 
followed by gleet, stricture, damaged urethra, and the inflam- 
mation has been carried back to the seminal ducts, at the neck 
of the bladder, caused them to be relaxed, lose their tonicity, 
the semen oozes away, giving rise to impotency. 

Stricture of the urethra caused by masturbation, one of the 
most common of all causes. 

Varicocele, the weak, relaxed, dilated veins of the spermatic 
cord, in itself inherent debility, gives rise to imperfect nutrition 
and atrophy of the testes ; semen becomes thin, watery, infertile : 
sexual organs wasted, misshapen ; sterility ensues. 

In such cases the remarkable action of matricaria and keph- 
alin excites a renewal of life, a rapid and perfect restoration of 
the organs to a natural and healthy condition. 

Even cases deemed hopeless, who have gone from one physi- 
cian to another, without help, have been radically cured by a 
prolonged course of these two remedies. 

Children of masturbators are usually puny, sickly, dwarfed in 
all the attributes of health ; but let a man so circumstanced take 
matricaria and kephalin, all subsequent children will be healthy 
and fully developed. This fact alone speaks volumes for the 
efficacy of the remedies. 

The sexual decay of advancing age, blows on the head and 
back, concussions of modern travel, damage to the testes, the 
toxins of disease germs, use of tobacco, alcohol, chloral, opium, 
all dry up the springs of life. 

With regard to the failure of sexual power in old men; or 
past middle life, no man, if he is reasonably careful, should 
find his sexual power decaying before he is seventy or eighty 
vears of age. But what man has been even reasonably careful? 
Has there not been some time in life that he has been guilty of 
some indiscretion which he thought did not injure? But it 
did : he may have escaped an acute attack, but silently it weak- 
ened him. 



474 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

To those cases of hopeless impotency in the aged we would 
suggest a course of treatment somewhat different from that 
which is usually adopted. Instead of rushing to sexual ex- 
citants, begin with a course of remedies calculated to promote 
a growth of spermatozoa, such remedies as ozonized thyroid, 
protonuclein, the active principle of life, c. p. solution of 
spermin, kephalin, avena, aided with the best of brain food, 
freedom from worry or care, daily bathing and massage, to- 
gether with every possible means to promote a renewal of life, 
before such sexual excitants as damiana, ambrosia orientalis, 
muira puama be administered. 

Unless there be some grave lesion of the brain and spinal 
cord, success is likely to attend this change in treatment. 

A condition of the sexual organs in which a man is un- 
able to beget his species ; it may be because he has either lost his 
erectile power or his desire or both, or because the spermatozoa 
is so weakened and degenerated as to have lost its procreative 
power. 

Impotence is becoming common at an early age, either due 
to excesses, masturbation, spermatorrhea, gonorrhea, and is 
often accompanied by a train of symptoms incidental to ner- 
vous debility. These symptoms may be absent. If sperma- 
tozoa be oozing away, impotence may be due to the weakness 
thus caused. 

Spermatorrhea et Impotency. — The principal causes of 
these two conditions are masturbation, perversion of the sexual 
act, self -treatment of gonorrhea, etc. 

The effects in all cases are an involuntary loss of semen in the 
shape of diurnal and nocturnal losses, which naturally attract 
the attention of the affected individual, for which he seeks help, 
and if from a physician up to the times, he will prescribe ozo- 
nized extract of black willow internally, suppository and 
bougie. 

A great many men suffering from prostration, nerve exhaus- 
tion, do not realize that they have loss of semen, simply feeling 
an invisible trickling, a mere moisture at the orifice of the 
urethra, a kind of oozing almost of the character of perspira- 
tion, or there may be a dribbling and a slight mucous discharge, 
a mere drop that does escape, which nevertheless gives rise to 
vital -deterioration. 

The salix nigra bougie and suppository are the remedies, 
with matricaria for a tonic. 

There is a brain phase of spermatorrhea produced by the loss 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 475 

of such a vitalizing secretion, and a reflex source of irritation 
by the act of masturbation — the brain deprived of this secretion 
becomes anemic, as is visible in the pallor of the face, indistinct- 
ness of vision, dilation of pupils, myopia or double vision, deaf- 
ness, feebleness of voice, mental preoccupation, hebetude of 
mind, confusion of ideas, aching or tingling sensations in 
hands, arms, legs, feet. In this cerebral phase of spermator- 
rhea and impotency all leakages must be completely arrested 
with the black willow internally and salix nigra for suppository 
and bougie. 

Then matricaria for an all-round tonic, ozonized thyroid ex- 
tract, and protonuclein daily, with c. p. solution of spermin 
three times a day. 

The best remedies to cure the impotency. 
A man suffering from seminal leakages, the product of mas- 
turbation, should not marry till perfectly cured; even if his 
semen be fertile, the offspring will be ever ailing, never healthy, 
never strong, a blight. . 

Impotence and spermatorrhea may coexist in the same indi- 
vidual — there may be no other symptoms, simply a failure of 
the sexual organs to respond when called upon. As to the sites 
of the morbid processes at work, it is impossible to speak with 
certainty. Changes in the tubes of the peripheral nerve struc- 
tures, which supply the erectile muscles, which induce weakness 
and paralysis, probably due to changes in the posterior spina] 
ganglia, resulting from exhaustion. In such cases all seminal 
leakages must be arrested, either by the administration, orally, 
of black willow extract, or by the salix nigra suppository or 
bougie. 

Then brain builders, reconstructive agents, should be tried 
and persevered with for a reasonable length of time. Proto- 
nuclein to induce leukocytosis and comp. kephalin granules, a 
true brain food.. These remedies are worthy of a trial in every 
case, as they have proved themselves successful in ninety-six 
cases out of one hundred. 

Excessive loss of semen in young men interferes seriously 
with the development of the brain and the evolution of the 
mental faculties. There is much variation in cases, in some 
mere .alienation, and in highly developed nervous organiza- 
tions delusional insanity. There is a brain .phase in every case. 
indistinctiveness of vision, impairment of hearing, feebleness 
of voice, mental preoccupation, confusion of idea£; melan- 
cholia. Spermatorrhea is invariably complicated by prostatic 



476 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

enlargement, which keeps the seminal ducts open and weeping. 
Arrest all seminal weeping with the black willow and its de- 
rivatives by prescribing them orally, rectum and urethra, and 
when thus effecting salutary results, ichthyol and boroglycericl 
suppository could be used to induce a renewal of life in the 
prostate. 

Follow this up with thyroid extract to repair and equalize 
the mental disorder, and give the never-failing kephalin gran- 
ules to repair the wreckage. This is no visionary treatment : 
it has been thoroughly tested in several insane asylums. 

When the world looks blue, nothing in the horizon but 
despair, kephalin granules are indicated. 

INCONTINENCE OF URINE IN THE YOUNG.— In- 
continence, or inability to hold the urine, so that it flows or 
dribbles away during the day or night, is the most common, 
and may depend on diseases of the kidneys, or gravel, or the 
uric acid diathesis, or to the presence of urates in the urine: 
cold ; wet ; seat-worms ; long, contracted foreskin ; falls or 
blows on the back ; nervous debility. 

In young children it is favored by excessive drinking of 
fluids during the day ; by being put to bed between cold sheets : 
by lying on the back, a position that causes passive congestion 
of the lower part of the cord, and very unfavorable for reten- 
tion of urine, especially when the natural sensibility of the 
mucous coat of the bladder is increased. It may also be caused 
by habit, fright, fear or passion. When clue to inherent weak- 
ness of organization, the difficulty seems to be entirely limited 
to the nerves of the sphincter muscle, impairing power of con- 
traction. 

Treatment. — The treatment is very simple; daily bathing: 
flannel clothing; to sleep between warm blankets; diet to be 
of the best and most nutritious kind ; bladder to be emptied 
before retiring to bed, and child instructed to retain it during- 
the day ; either the application of a strengthening plaster or, in 
some cases, a belladonna plaster, over loins or sacrum, and pre- 
cautions taken to keep the child, if possible, on right side, and 
have him waked up before the regular hour of retiring to have 
bladder emptied, and every means resorted to to restore tone 
and strength to the system. All causes, such as seat-worms, 
long prepuce, etc., should be removed. First of all, try tincture 
of iron in alternation with tincture of belladonna. Regulate 
dose to age; then try sulphate of cinchona in alternation with 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 477 

wine of ergot ; or tincture cinchonia compound and collinsonia.. 
If due to acidity, the malnutrition to be corrected by tonics,, 
changes of diet, open-air exercise, etc. 

Incontinence in the aged is generally due to sexual excesses ; 
enlargement or degeneration of prostate; a breaking down of 
the nervous system ; nervous disease, especially affecting lower 
portion of the core}; to uric acid, or oxalate in urine; stone in 
the bladder; disease of the walls of the bladder; piles, falling 
of rectum, stricture of the urethra, vascular tumors of rectum, 
ovarian or uterine diseases or displacements, pregnancy, coi- 
tion, hysteria, etc. 

If the cause admits of removal get rid of it, and place patient 
upon alteratives and tonics ; inculcate daily shower-baths, good 
food, flannel clothing, stimulating plasters to loins; if due to 
sexual excesses and nervous debility, rich phosphatic diet, glyc- 
erin of kephalin, or ozone ; tincture damiana compound. 

Direct medication by means of suppositories has been the 
most effectual method. The cocain, boroglycerid, thuja, and 
ichthyol suppositories have effected a complete revolution in the 
cure of this malady. 

INDIGESTION. — Indigestion or dyspepsia is a general 
term applied to various morbid states of the stomach, in which 
the natural processes of digestion and assimilation of food are 
delayed and deranged. 

The structure of the stomach may be damaged by irritants, 
mechanical violence or blood poisons ; its mucous coat may be 
impaired, weakened, relaxed, and, as a result, an excessive se- 
cretion of mucus, in which the sarcinse ventriculi are developed 
and grow ; owing to some brain lesion, as worry, struggle, men- 
tal toil, there is an imperfect nerve supply to the organ. 

This very naturally divides dyspepsia into three forms : 

1. Chronic inflammation of the stomach. 

2. Gastric catarrh or mucous dyspepsia. 

3. Nervous dyspepsia. 

Chronic gastritis is quite a common form of indigestion,, 
caused by irritants, protracted drinking of alcoholic drinks, ha- 
bitual excess in either eating or drinking, indigestible food, irri- 
tating medicines, etc. 

Gastric catarrh, with the sarcinae ventriculi, is usually the re- 
sult of beer drinking, tobacco chewing, such drugs as bromide 
potassium, hasty or hurried mastication, excessive use of fluids 
at meals, adulterated food, baking powders. 



478 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The nervous is present in all forms of neurasthenia, wher- 
ever there is a poverty of nerve force. 

The three forms have certain symptoms in common. Appe- 
tite is either deficient, depraved, or ravenous; nausea, or un- 
easiness after eating; food vomited, acid eructations from fer- 
mentation or bitter from admixture with bile ; flatulence, eruc- 
tations of gas, distention of the stomach ; cardialgia, or heart- 
burn; pyrosis, or waterbrash; depraved and imperfect diges- 
tion, etc., and all forms have a tendency to terminate if not 
cured in ulceration. 

INFECTION. — The. spread of disease by the conveyance of 
deleterious matters (micro-organisms, etc.) by the air, by 
clothing or by personal contact. To avoid the risk of infection 
great attention must be paid to the personal health ; there should 
be temperance in all things, cleanliness and good ventilation 
should be seen to, and, in addition, disinfectants, such as chlo- 
rine, sulphur, chloride of lime, formalin, should be exposed to 
evaporation. 

INFLAMMATION. — A state of vital depression of some 
part of the body; usually caused either by the action of me- 
chanical violence or by some poison, heat or cold, or noxious 
gases. 

When a part is thus vitally depressed there are pain, heat, 
redness, swelling present — it may be acute, subacute, chronic. 

If the vital forces are properly stimulated internally and lo- 
cally it may terminate in resolution or recovery, but if there be 
a failure in treatment, not energetic, or not a proper remedy 
used, or the vital forces of part greatly shattered, then the in- 
flammation may terminate in one or other of the following 
effects: 

1. Effusion of serum. 

2. Effusion of blood. 

3. Effusion of lymph. 

4. The breaking down of lymph or formation of pus. 

5. Gangrene, the process of dying. 

6. Complete death, mortification. 

In every form, location, type of inflammation there is ever 
present some form of disease germ, the outcome of the de- 
graded tissue which is implicated. 

Whatever its type, wherever its location, an effort should be 
made to stimulate in it a moderate and healthy reaction. For 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 479 

that purpose cerebral and local stimulation. Keep the action of 
the heart between sixty-five and seventy-five with either vera- 
trum viride, passiflora, aconite, digitalis, gelsemium. Locally 
in all cases a stimulating germicide, adapted chemically to the 
affected tissue, as ozonized turpentine to serous membranes, 
pleurisy and peritonitis ; concentrated ozone over joints, a lotion 
of echinacea. 

If unable to stimulate resolution, then the inflammation will 
terminate in either : 

1. Effusion of Serum — which constitutes dropsy — the best 
remedies for which are digitalis, strophanthus, elaterin, vapor 
baths; or 

2. Effusion of Blood. — Hemorrhage; rest, styptics, eleva- 
tion, stimulants, heat ; or 

3. Effusion of Lymph. — Lotions of ammonia, peroxide of 
hydrogen, boroglyceride, belladonna ; or 

4. Formation of Pus.— Hot poultices, free incisions, per- 
oxide of hydrogen ; or 

5. Gangrene, Process of Dying. — Brandy, peroxide of hy- 
drogen ; poultices, charcoal, yeast, capsicum, echinacea ; or 

6. Mortification. — Complete death. 

In every inflammation there are traumatic, thermic and 
chemical agencies — the evolution of micro-organisms, which 
give rise to toxins, that originate destructive influences on blood 
formation, producing an abnormal interaction between vessels 
and tissues, which is visible in the effusion or exudation of fluid 
and formed blood elements and in the retrogressive change 
of the tissues themselves — in the presence of a greater or less 
number of leukocytes. 

INFLUENZA. — Its pathogenic microbe, together with its 
toxin, the product of bacterial life, w T hen in the body spends its 
force, like other germs, upon weakened parts, selecting either 
the respiratory mucous membrane, the gastrointestinal tract, 
the heart, the nervous system. In all cases the nervous system, 
the centralization of life, is profoundly affected, as is visible in 
the. pain of the head, back, calves of the legs, delirium, prostra- 
tion. 

A Toxin on the Nervous System. — The incidence of the in- 
fluenza toxin on the medulla oblongata and great sympathetic, 
evidenced upon the dyspnea, with the presence of the pneumo- 
coccus together with tachy- and brady-cardia. As the poison 
affects cord or brain, aphasia, eye and auditory changes of in- 



480 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

fluenzal origin are common. The overcrowding and sewer 
gases of cities intensify the poison. 

In the psychical states of influenza the greatest changes in 
the nervous system are apparent. (For treatment with concen- 
trated tincture kurchicin see Epidemic Influenza. ) 

INSANITY. — Any deviation from sanity. It is divided or 
classified according to the most prominent symptoms, as gen- 
eral insanity, or raving madness; monomania, insane on one 
thing ; dementia, feebleness of mind ; moral insanity, continued 
perversion of certain feelings, affections or impulses, with 
power of correct reasoning; hypochondria and suicidal and 
homocidal monomania; insane impulse; irresistible impulse to 
do some insane and criminal act ; nymphomania, insane excite- 
ment of the erotic impulse in chlorotic females. 

The causes which induce insanity are functional or organic 
disease of brain, intestinal irritations, apoplexy, epilepsy, 
fevers, gastric or hepatic disease ; meningitis, delirium tremens, 
a microbe present. Alcoholic conception and masturbation are 
two factors of immense importance. 

Purely mental and moral causes play a comparatively small 
part in the production of insanity as compared with causes 
which are bodily and physical. In only n| per cent of the 
cases dealt with, trouble, worry and anxiety or mental shock 
produced the disease. The remainder of the great mass of 
the cases are due to causes acting on the brain through the 
body — drink, faulty development, gross brain disease, strong 
hereditary predisposition, child-bearing and suchlike causes : 
and as shown how mental troubles were caused by bodily dis- 
ease, the recent epidemic of influenza had caused more insanity 
than all the public and private anxiety in connection with wars. 
These remarks have a very definite bearing on preventive meas- 
ures. Without doubt the present generation is apt to coddle its 
nerves, and also to plume itself on the delicacy of its organiza- 
tion. It is widely held that so great is the influence of worry 
in the production of nerve disease that those prone to nervous 
breakdown should be in every way protected from irritating 
and disturbing influences. 

It would aid its prevention if our people could live according 
to physiological and moral law, arrange suitable marriages and 
avoid alcoholic conception. 

A Common Cause of Insanity. — The disastrous effects of 
all sexual excesses and masturbation are apparent in sperma- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 481 

torrhea, leakages and in an impaired state of the nervous sys- 
tem, as is visible in the neurasthenia, mental incapacity, various 
nerve disorders which are common among that class of sub- 
jects. 

In all seminal losses, when excessive, the hebetude of the 
mind is characterized by a blunting or dulling of the faculty of 
perception ; passing events come and go without being noticed 
or recorded on the mental tablets, while things of the past are 
in oblivion. Individuals suffering from seminal losses are am- 
bitionless, have no capacity for work or exercise; have no 
anxiety for either the present or the future, simple indifference, 
sublime in its degree, but painful and aggravating: or if they 
nave penetrated deeper, he is irritable and suspicious. 

The cause of the various nervous derangements is to be found 
in a damaged or altered state of the cortical nerve-corpuscles, 
due to defective nutrition. The specific gravity of the brain 
structure is much lowered by the nervo-vital fluid being drained 
off. 

Defective brain nutrition is present in all cases of masturba- 
tion, sexual excesses, or congress with courtesans ; brain sub- 
stance becomes anemic, soft, pultaceous, while the semen be- 
comes infertile, creamy or watery in substance. Old age, the 
use of alcohol gives rise to defective brain nutrition, which 
leads to atrophy, a shrinkage, an induration, congealing or 
shriveling up with anemia : different altogether is the brain of 
the masturbator, it is simply mushy. There is no other patho- 
logical condition in which we find the same softened, low spe- 
cific gravity of brain as we find in those in whom seminal losses 
are the result of abnormal practices, precisely the same condi- 
tion as is found in the insane. 

With our new and improved remedies this peculiar form of 
defective brain nutrition does not preclude success in treatment ; 
it is capable of cure by removing the cause and providing the 
brain with proper nutrient, physiological rest, isolation, a com- 
plete change of mode of life and habits. 

In studying these cases carefully, scanning them to their 
origin, there is always to be found a congenital nervous insta- 
bility which is much aggravated by sexual precocity. 

One essential point to begin with is the practice of mastur- 
bation must be got rid of; all abnormal methods forever sus- 
pended. 

For this purpose the green root tincture of gelsemium is a 
most valuable aid ; but when given it should be watched ; dose 



482 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

after dose should be administered, so that an erection would be 
an impossibility. Profound relaxation induced, should be 
maintained at all hazards. Then the weeping, oozing, leakages 
completely controlled ; for this purpose the ozonized black wil- 
low bark extract should be prescribed internally ; a suppository 
and bougie of the same. When these principal points are at- 
tended to, the condition of the deteriorated mental organs can 
be seen to. 

The first agent we must give is a rebuilder of brain tissue; a 
something to aid in the evolution of brain cells ; this we find in 
the thyroid extract a most efficacious remedy. 

Thyroid extract daily, if need be, once or twice a week, just 
as the medical attendant deems proper. The -thyroid is the 
evolver of cell growth in the brain, its action must be promptly 
aided by the best of diet and the c. p. solution of spermin, the 
great restorer of vital force. Occasionally cerebrin, kephalin,. 
or the tincture of oats may be added. 

This treatment is no theory, but easily demonstrated by liv- 
ing cases which could be enumerated. Let us take the statistics- 
of our insane asylums, 75 per cent of their inmates have been 
victims of masturbation and spermatorrhea ; take our deaf and 
dumb and feeble-minded homes, their inmates are made idiotic 
either from the effects of alcohol or masturbation in the par- 
ents. Such cases are amenable to thyroid and spermin; cases 
of epilepsy, chorea and all nervous affections, as well as raving 
lunacy, yield to the exhibition of those remedies. 

The secret of success is in a persistent use of the remedies. 

There is a widely prevalent idea that medicine is of very 
little value in the treatment of insanity. This is far from cor- 
rect, and is fraught with much harm. To be sure, there are 
no specifics for this affection. There are, in fact, very few dis- 
eases for which materia medica stands ready with a specific 
to be administered as soon as a diagnosis is made. Were ma- 
larial fever and syphilis excluded, there are no other diseases 
for which any remedy is considered a specific. The specific 
action even of quinine and saxifraga respectively in these dis- 
eases is disputed by some men whose opinions are worthy of 
attention. By means of careful and scientific research a flood 
of light has, within the last half century, been thrown upon 
mental diseases. We now know that insanity is the legitimate 
result of some pathological condition of the brain — some struc- 
tural changes have taken place. These changes are often so 
obscure, and affect the minute cells only, that they present no 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 483 

microscopical divergence from the normal. In other cases 
even the most expert microscopist will fail to detect satisfactory 
conditions to account for the grave disturbances observed in the 
functions of the brain. The changes may not be in the minute 
or gross structure of the cells, but only in a disturbance of their 
normal arrangement. The battery may be in working order, 
but some of the wires are down. A fuse may be burned out 
somewhere, and the proper connection cannot be had, or an 
operator at some station may be out of sorts, and messages are 
not received or transmitted. An operator may be sick, and 
prevent messages both in receipt and transmission. 

There are so many places and ways in this complicated ap- 
paratus which we call the nervous system for abnormal changes 
to occur that we are amazed that it should ever all be in perfect 
working order at the same time. Just as in all other diseases 
and departures from the normal, nature, the, the great repairer, 
is ever on the alert to keep things in harmony. Sometimes the 
breakdowns come so fast and are of such a nature that the vis 
medicatrix naturae gets behind — in other words, gets more 
work on hand than can be done. It is in just such cases, and 
under just such circumstances, that the physician steps in, and 
with the proper medicines assists nature to turn the tide from 
utter ruin and dissolution to health, and once more puts this 
complex machine in smooth working order. 

Since the introduction of animal extracts, especially thyroid 
and spermin, there is a complete change in the mind of the 
medical profession as to the curability of very many of the 
cases of modern insanity. 

We see these two extracts effectually curing every case of 
idiocy and feeblemindedness in which they are prescribed. 

There are no diseases that respond more readily to the 
proper remedies than those of the nervous system. Time in 
these affections is, perhaps, more valuable than in almost any 
other class of diseases. They become quickly chronic and in- 
curable. Permanent structural changes take place rapidly, for 
the reason that the nervous system is more highly organized 
and more finely tempered than any other part of the human or- 
ganism. When the battery is exhausted it must be replenished 
with properly selected and administered nerve tonics. When 
the conduction is faulty the conducting wires must be looked 
after and obstructions removed. When too much nervous en- 
ergy is being produced, more than can be normally utilized, 
the battery must be weakened bv sedatives. When some locat 



484 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

transmitter is disarranged it must be repaired. Physicians are 
too prone to stand in awe in the contemplation of this complex 
apparatus when it has slipped a cog and become deranged. 

INSOMNIA. — In healthy sleep the person becomes uncon- 
scious of the external world ; voluntary action ceases, and even 
the automatic centres for circulation and respiration act less 
energetically, so that the breathing becomes slow, the pulse 
quiet, and the vessels tend to dilate. This condition of the ves- 
sels has been regarded by some as a cause of sleep rather than 
its consequence, for the two principles to explain sleep are : first, 
that it depends upon anemia of the brain, and, secondly, that it 
is due to an exhausted or inactive condition of the brain-cells. 
In all probability the truth is that it depends upon the condition 
of the brain-cells, but this is so much influenced by the circula- 
tion that frequently the condition of sleeping or waking will 
depend entirely upon the cerebral circulation. 

The gray substance of the brain is possessed of a great power 
of reduction, but during life the necessity for oxygen is so great 
that it retains within it a sufficient quantity of stored-up oxy- 
gen to prevent such reduction taking place under ordinary cir- 
cumstances ; but if its functional activity be augmented by stim- 
ulation, its store of oxygen is used up, and thus it becomes 
ready at once to reduce. 

Its very activity, however, gives rise to the formation of 
acid products which lessen its reducing power, so that the mere 
supply of fresh oxygen would not be sufficient to restore it 
to its previous condition unless the acid were neutralized. 

Arterial blood supplies both these requirements, neutralizing 
the acid and giving off oxygen to the brain-cells. Thus in some 
conditions of the brain, simple increase in the supply of arterial 
blood will restore functional activity and cause wakefulness, 
while diminished supply will produce sleep. Food induces sleep 
by dilatation of abdominal vessels. We cannot see the intes- 
tinal vessels, but we know that abdominal Avails are thin in 
front, and it is almost certain that external cold will act through 
the abdominal walls on the intestinal vessels and cause them to 
contract. Such contraction will also drive the blood to the 
"brain and tend to prevent sleep, but warmth to the abdomen 
will tend to relax them and induce sleep. 

In cases where blood tension is high, as in chronic Bright's 
disease, we often find troublesome insomnia; whereas in cases 
•of debility with low tension we often find troublesome drowsi- 
ness. One condition of the circulation is, therefore, a most im- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 485 

portant factor in the production of sleep, but it will, by itself, 
no more explain completely the insensibility of sleep than it will 
that of anesthesia. 

Sleeplessness, get rid of the cause if possible. Keep bowels 
regular, stimulate skin with baths and massage. These means 
failing, resort to medicaments. Give passiflora incarnata the 
first trial — it stimulates phrenal nutrition. If it fails try croton 
chloral, which contains more hydrogen than chloral hydrate — 
it is in fact butyl chloral. Its practical value is the property of 
diminishing sensibility before producing narcosis. Its action 
does not last so long as morphia; they, however, operate well 
combined. In croton chloral -we have an instant remedy, more 
effective in neuralgia than all others. An excellent formula is 
the following: Croton chloral, gr. ii; sulph. quinine, gr. i; 
glycerin, q. s. Make a pill. To be taken on the approach of an 
attack, and repeated every two hours, till relief is obtained. 
Another excellent formula : Croton chloral, 10 parts ; glycerin. 
20 parts; distilled water, 130 parts. Shake before using. The 
dose is half an ounce every five or ten minutes. It is best to 
begin small so as to avoid producing hypnotism. To procure 
sleep, 10 to 15 grains. Syrup of croton chloral hydrate is a 
most reliable and efficacious preparation of the drug. Sul- 
phonal in 30-grain doses affords most refreshing sleep ; dissolve 
in hot water and administer as it cools. 

Sleeplessness is due to a variety of causes, such as disease of 
the brain and blood, the toxins of disease germs, obstructive 
pulmonary disease, latent gout and rheumatism, reflex irrita- 
tion, functional and intestinal derangement. 

Sleep is essential to health, for during that period intestinal 
digestion is perfected and the brain regains its vigor or to- 
nicity. 

Hypnotics are used for inducing this desideratum. 

Sleep to be sleep is accompanied by cerebral anemia and 
cutaneous vascular dilatation. Any remedy that will produce 
that is of value; a warm bath increases vascular dilatation, 
warm liquid food or drink : but beyond and above all massage 
is of the greatest efficacy, indicated in all possible conditions, 
invariably effectual when prolonged. 

Physicians are too careless, druggists too unscrupulous in 
prescribing hypnotics; the inexperienced physician prescribes 
for the symptoms, never looking the case over to ascertain 
whether there be cerebral degeneration, organic heart disease, 
urea in the blood. 



486 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The ignorant physician prescribes opium or its alkaloids to 
club the patient into insensibility and calls it sleep, but it too fre- 
quently creates a deplorable habit. 

One still lower in the scale gives bromide, which often blights 
the testes or destroys the ovarian bed ; or it may be chloral hy- 
drate and bromide of potass, which gives rise to unrecognized 
heart trouble. He may be a therapeutic nihilist, his judgment 
perverted; finding some drugs which he has used have but a. 
slight beneficial effect, launches out with some conglomeration. 

Invariably danger in hypnotics. They interfere with nutri- 
tion and create disease. They should be carefully prescribed 
and never but under the sacred scrutinous eye of a physician. 

IODINE. — A bactericide with a special stimulating action 
on the glands of the body. It is never administered in its pure 
state, unless it be in starch or tincture in sweet milk. Its 
various compounds are of priceless value in the management 
of nficrobial affections, as syphilis, etc. 

IODIZED HYDROGEN WATER.— Uric acid accumula- 
tions. Dose : One ounce thrice daily. 

IODIZED IODINE.— Dose : From 5 to 15 drops added to 
water, of great efficacy in causing the complete annihilation of. 
the bacilli of tubercle and syphilis. 

IODOFORM. — The addition of four drops of oil of sassa- 
fras to the ounce entirely covers its odor. Dose : Sprinkling- 
on by powder or solution. 

IODOL. — As this salt contains 90 per cent of c. p. iodine it 
is an active germicide. Sprinkled on a chancre it at once- 
changes it to a simple ulcer — great utility in uterine and rectal 
ulcer, one application being often sufficient to effect a cure; a 
solution in alcohol and glycerin makes an invaluable lotion in 
phagedenic sores, carcinomatous ulcers, bed sores, etc., destroys 
the germs ; first application with that the offensive odors disap- 
pear. Dose : A powder resembling iodoform, free from its 
disagreeable odor and toxic property ; sprinkle on by powder or 
solution. 

A mixture of iodol and thymol gives us what is termed aris- 
tol — iodide of thymol. 

Iodol, combined with an equal quantity of boracic acid 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 487 

and a percentage of negative ozone, makes a snuff, which is of 
much efficacy in nasal catarrh, being both prophylactic and 
curative. 

Iodol bougies, incorporated in soluble ozonized gelatin, are 
remarkable absorbents in urethral stricture. The only medica- 
ment that has ever been of merited utility in effacing them. 

ITCH (Scabies). — A disease of the skin associated with 
the formation of pustules and excoriations, and due to the pres- 
ence in the skin of a parasite belonging to the mite family called 
the Acarus scabici. The presence of this insect causes intoler- 
able itching, hence the name of "itch" given to the disease. 
The parasite burrows its way into the skin and deposits its ova 
in the burrows. It then dies and a pustule forms. If one of the 
burrows be opened up with a needle and the contents placed 
under the microscope, the insect is easily seen. The disease is 
communicable from man to man, and occurs chiefly at the bend 
of the wrists and between the fingers. From these places it 
may extend over the whole body, but it never attacks the face. 

Treatment. — Hot baths, with the use of soft soap, followed 
by the rubbing in of sulphur ointment twice daily. Liquor 
calcis sulphurata is also very useful. The insect may also be 
killed by means of other parasiticidal ointments, such as car- 
bolic ointment or staphisagria ointment or bathing the body 
with either oil of bergamot or benzin. 

The clothes of a sufferer from itch should be either boiled or 
exposed to dry heat up to 180 degrees F. Fumigation with 
sulphur is also recommended. 

IZAL. — A distillation of bituminous coal, consisting' of oxi- 
dized hydrocarbons containing a greater proportion of hydro- 
gen to carbon than the recorded member of the phenol series. 
and a less proportion than the members of the alcoholic series . 
It is a non-poisonous, non-corrosive bactericide ; one part, di- 
luted in 200 of water, promptly destroys the bacillus coli and 
the staphylococcus pyrogenes aureus. 

Excellent results have attended the use of this non-poisonous 
body when administered internally, in typhoid, dysentery and 
other specific diseases of the alimentary canal. In surgery., 
mineral izal has won unqualified praise from those who us? 
it. Proved to be exceedingly valuable in ozena, erysipe- 
las, old abscesses, old sinuses, and fetid bronchitis. 

Pulmonary Tuberculosis. — When vaporized in the pa- 



4^8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tient's room, izal quickly produces a marked improvement. 
The results are such as to warrant the highest hopes from its 
use in this fell disease. 

JABORANDI. — The dried leaves of the Pilocarpus pennati- 
folius yield an alkaloid, pilocarpin, which when administered 
produces copious perspiration, a slowing of the heart, a lower- 
ing oi temperature following its use. It is an antagonist to 
atropin supposed to be capable of re-establishing the secretion 
of milk. 

Preparations and Doses. — The fluid extract in 10 to 60 drops 
added to water, and repeated as indicated, is of value in asthma, 
diabetes, eye affections, or eruptive fevers; whereas pilocarpin 
operates best in albuminuria, dropsy. One-tenth of a grain 
to the dose triturated in sugar of milk. 

JAMBUL. — The tree, Syzygium jambolanum, has been 
highly praised as a remedy which will arrest the formation 
of glucose. Destroys the fungus of diabetes. The pulverized 
root, introduced into capsules, containing 5 grains or more 
each, is taken immediately after eating. 

Not curative, but of great efficacy in saccharine diabetes, a 
perverted state of the elaborative function in which certain ele- 
ments which go to make up nutrition — starch and sugar — fail 
to reach their normal destination in the economy. The direct 
cause of the disease is impaired functional capacity in the liver 
and pancreas, the former in its glycogenic relations, the latter a 
failure of secretion. The primary damage is in the brain near 
the seat of the eighth pair of nerves, the lack of nutrition and 
the damaging effects of the sugar upon the tissues, with nerve 
prostration, are the leading features of the case. Males 
chiefly affected, together with a few strong-minded women. 
Specific gravity of the urine is from .1036 to .1065, increased 
in quantity from six to twelve pints or more in the twenty- four 
hours. 

Jambul will not cure saccharine diabetes, but if five or ten 
grains be administered after each meal it will correct this per- 
version of starch into sugar ; its use will cause the sugar to dis- 
appear in the T urine, its specific gravity and quantity will become 
normal. Still the remedy won't cure, although it ameliorates 
greatly. A real curative drug in diabetic saccharine is to be 
found tokephalin or cerebrin. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 489 

The microbe or fungus, the evolution of this saccharine con- 
dition, is literally extinguished under jambul. Our readers 
can rely upon its intrinsic value. 

JAUNDICE. — A yellowish discoloration of the skin and 
white of the eye, due to impregnation with the pigments of the 
bile. Bile pigment is at the same time found in the urine. It 
is, properly speaking, a symptom and not a disease. Bile is 
constantly being formed in the liver, and this bile, after per- 
forming its duties in the intestines, is continually being ab- 
sorbed into the blood in the liver, gall-bladder and intestines 
without causing jaundice. It therefore follows that bile under- 
goes change in the blood. If any morbid condition upsets the 
balance between secretion and absorption of bile, or if the bile 
is unchanged in the blood, the bile circulates with the blood 
and gives rise to jaundice. Jaundice is therefore due to two 
chief classes of causes : 

1. Excess of bile in the blood. 

2. Causes which prevent the bile being changed in the blood. 
In the first class are : a. Obstruction of the bile-ducts, due 

either to their being blocked by gall-stones or to changes in the 
walls of the bile-ducts, as in catarrhal inflammation, or to pres- 
sure by tumors, etc., outside the bile-ducts, b. Excessive for- 
mation of bile in the liver, as in congestion of that organ. c» 
Increased absorption of bile in the intestines, due to constipa- 
tion. In the second class — viz., causes which prevent the bile 
being changed in the blood — are included poisons (such as 
phosphorus, copper, snake-bite, yellow fever and ague), acute 
atrophy of the liver, brain injury, and strong mental emotion. 

Usually persons affected with jaundice are low-spirited and 
irritable, lose their appetite, and have a slower pulse than nat- 
ural. Troublesome itching of the skin, without any apparent 
cause, is also sometimes noticed. A feeling of exhaustion and 
inability to work exists pretty constantly. 

Unless the jaundice is caused by some incurable disease of 
the liver, or occurs in persons who are enfeebled by sickness 
or age, the prospects of recovery are favorable. An exception 
to this may be in cases where it follows mental shock. 

In addition to discoloration of the skin and conjunctiva, and 
bile in the urine, there is a bitter taste in the mouth, digestive 
disturbance, flatulence, constipation, itching of the skin, de- 
bility, emaciation, anemia, languor, depression, and even con- 
vulsions, delirium and coma. In addition there are the symp- 
toms which point to the cause of jaundice. 



49° The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Treatment. — Many cases of jaundice recover without any 
treatment whatever after an interval of two to fourteen days. 
Others continue for a longer time, especially when due to dis- 
ease of the liver. 

When the gall-duct is obstructed by a gall-stone or plug of 
thickened bile, the jaundice will disappear when the obstacle 
to the flow of bile is removed. A remedy occasionally resorted 
to at such times is chloride of ammonium, in doses of twenty 
grains in water every four hours. Nausea and vomiting may 
"be controlled by abstinence from food for a few hours ; the use 
of ice swallowed in small lumps ; mustard plasters or hot poul- 
ties applied over the stomach, or milk and lime-water in the 
proportion of one part of lime-water to two, three or four parts 
of milk. 

Daily one dose of periodate aurum with either ozonized 
chionanthus and phosphate of soda or kolatina every three 
liours operates well, on which a cure may be effected. 

Jaundice Due to Toxins of Disease Germs. — This is but 
an effect, a symptom, a something which either arrests the flow 
of bile from the liver or else gives rise to an excessive produc- 
tion of it and its absorption into the blood. 

The impediment to the flow of bile may arise from various 
causes; mechanical, such as pressure, tight lacing, wearing 
belts, thus pressing the gall-duct, slowing or stopping the 
passage of the bile, permitting its watery constituents to escape. 
Bile thus becomes thickened and frequently crystallizes into 
gall-stones. 

The toxins of all disease germs, especially those of syphilis 
and malaria, alcohol, mercury, together with all insanitary 
states, as overcrowding, seriously damage the liver, especially 
its protective function. The working and protective function 
of the liver is very seriously impaired by these poisons, so much 
so that its diminished function gives rise to either auto-intoxi- 
cation or jaundice. 

Many other causes might be enumerated, as carbonaceous 
food, violent mental emotion, exposure to the rays of the sun 
are capable of producing in the liver very grave changes. 

A partial death in the liver very soon gives bile in the blood, 
quickly manifest by headache, languor, lassitude, depression, 
disordered digestion; itching and yellowness of skin; yellow 
conjunctiva; disturbed seeing and hearing; perspiration leaves 
a yellow or brown stain ; urine orange or porter-colored ; stools 
clay-colored ; apoplectic symptoms. If due to gall-stones, spas- 
modic pain in the gall-duct may be looked for. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 491 

We now possess valuable remedies which exert a potent ef- 
fect upon the liver function. 

One dose of the Carlsbad salts first in the morning. The 
powder dissolved in warm water, to be followed by a few grains 
of the periodate aurum an hour later. During the day tea- 
spoonful doses of simabicidia. An efficient method of treat- 
ment. 

One or two doses of the phosphate of soda, alternated with 
either the tincture of lycopodium or sulphur, with matricaria 
before meals, form an excellent treatment. 

If clearly due to the action of the toxins of disease germs, 
peroxide of hydrogen operates admirably ; alternate with fringe 
tree bark extract. 

If there be pain, symptoms indicating gall-stones, push gelse- 
mium and passiflora,and alternate with either nitromuriatic acid 
or chloride of ammonium. If the nitromuriatic acid be used, 
give it in this form : Comp. tincture cinchona, simple syrup, 
of each two ounces ; nitromuriatic two drams. Mix. Dose : 
One teaspoonful every three hours added to a little water. If 
gall-stones be suspected, adhere closely to the olive-oil treat- 
ment for their disintegration. 

Many other liver stimulants might be enumerated, but we 
would caution the profession, both here and in Europe, never to 
be deceived nor swindled by a class of remedies termed con- 
centrations, for such do not exist. Podophyllin, leptandrin, 
euonymin, chionanthin, are simply solid extracts in a state of 
trituration — an American swindle much greater than the Ger- 
man fraud of the coal-tar derivatives. 

These remedies are most efficient in the form of a mother 
tincture, and are often serviceable when the liver function is 
paralyzed. 

JELLIES. — In the present era of new methods of treatment 
and new remedies none have met with such approval as the ex- 
cellent procedure of aborting inflammatory action by means of 
powerful germicides of an anesthetic character: of instanta- 
neously breaking all breaches of continuity and promptly cur- 
ing all cutaneous diseases by means of medicated jellies. These 
have been extensively used by progressive physicians for the 
past twenty years, and their utility has exceeded the anticipa- 
tions of the most sanguine. 

Ozonized Jelly of Violets is a local anesthetic, powerful 
"bactericide, which presents strong and special claims for recog- 



49 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

nition — non-toxic, producing local insensibility wherever ap- 
plied. 

For aborting various inflammations there is no remedy to be 
compared with it. In the various forms of ophthalmia simply 
everting the lid and inserting one grain of the jelly twice or 
thrice daily completely wipes out inflammatory action in a short 
space of time. 

In tonsillitis acute, paint it over all the painful and congested 
parts, inflammatory action ceases. 

In acute and chronic nasal catarrh, in neuroses of the olfac- 
tory nerve, due to the inhalation of pollen, aromas, such as is 
present in hay fever, or asthma, epidemic influenza and kindred 
conditions, painting the interior of the nostril with it thrice 
daily, completely eradicates the pathological conditions. 

In all cutaneous inflammations, such as erysipelas and burns, 
simply paint or spread on lint the jelly and apply on the in- 
flamed or denuded surface, when all redness, congestion, pain 
subside at once. 

In cancerous and syphilitic ulceration of the tongue and 
larynx, thickening, infiltrations, large excavations, patient only 
able to take liquid food, apply the jelly of violets every three 
hours, the excrutiating suffering is promptly relieved. 

In gastric ulceration, cancerous infiltration, enteritis, one 
grain in a capsule every three hours will do big work in main- 
taining a local anesthetic effect upon the nerve ending. It may 
in those doses be given with impunity on account of its non- 
toxity. 

Very celebrated cancer specialists employ the jelly of violets 
in the cure of cancer of the tongue or stomach, intestines and 
rectum, combining it with papoid in all cases, which is a power- 
ful digestive and absorbent. Guard it exceedingly well, as it is 
a powerful anesthetic, operates well in all cancers, subdues re- 
flex irritability, pain of coughing and swallowing, especially if 
the tongue, soft palate, larynx, be affected with epithelioma. 
If necessary the jelly can be dissolved in water and used as a 
spray in laryngeal cancer, infranasal ulcer, malignant, tuber- 
cular ulceration. All pain, tenderness disappear, and a rapid 
diminution of all odors in the discharge. 

It excels all other dressings in phagedenic ulcers and venereal' 
sores. 

.The Ozonized Resorcin Jelly, a peculiar cutaneous germ- 
icide, which next to the jelly of violets occupies the foremost: 
place in the armamentarium of the dermatologist. It is not ex- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 493 

actly a new remedy, but by clinical observation and experience 
new fields have been opened up for its use. It has a most ex- 
tensive sphere of usefulness, valuable results always attend its 
internal as well as its local application. It has the peculiar 
property when applied of exciting an exudative form of inflam- 
mation, thereby removing infiltrations, hypertrophies, causes 
abnormal or adventitious tissue to peel off. 

Its indications are numerous and its action effective in 
psoriasis, acne-rosacea, and even in epitheliomatous patches. 

Ozonized Jelly Chlorate of Carbon is principally used 
as a tooth, gum and tongue preparation ; being powerfully anti- 
septic, it kills the oidium albicans, the leptothrix buccalis, and 
all the bacteria common in the oral cavity. The method of ap- 
plication is simply to dip the dry brush in the jelly and apply 
to the desired part, or the jelly can be dissolved in water in 
sufficient quantity to suit. 

Its chief value is its germicide properties, its vitalizing in- 
fluence on the teeth and gums. 

It is a decidedly efficient prophylactic against all diseases of 
the mouth and throat, such a preparation that should be in 
very general use, as the early decay of the teeth is very general 
in all whose vitality is exhausted by overtaxing the nervous 
system. 

Jelly of Ichthyol is useful in pityriasis, ichthyosis, eczema, 
erysipelas, boils, as well as all vegetable and 'parasite skin affec- 
tions, extremely effective in the different forms of tinea. 

Clinical observation teaches it to be very efficacious in local- 
ized rheumatic pains, both in muscles and joints. Smeared lib- 
erally over old muslin and applied. Many physicians use this 
jelly in burns of the three different degrees. 

Thymol Jelly, used with most benefit in genital eczema, 
pruritus, as a general antiparasite, it embodies even in weak 
dilutions strong bactericide properties, but is cooling, soothing, 
healing, absolutely non-irritating. It can be applied freely, as 
there is no toxicity, and it affords rapid relief of all pain. 

Jelly of Chrysarobin is of especial value in leprosy, psor- 
iasis, rupia. Before applying this jelly, smear the parts well 
with ozone ointment, over which apply the jelly. 

Jelly Periodate Aurum, valuable in syphilis, applied 
freely, so as to saturate the system. In this way it is utilized 
in initial sclerosis; good and very effective in condylomata of 
rectum, scrotum, vulva. When applied they disappear rapidly. 
Its application affords prompt relief in gouty and rheumatic 
pains. 



-494 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Indicated in all syphilitic cutaneous affections, abscesses, car- 
buncles, indurations. 

Jelly of Boroglycerid is an excellent, efficacious germi- 
cidal application. Used in cases of superficial injuries, burns, 
fever sores on lips, nose, angle of the mouth during the winter 
months. It completely annihilates the oidium albicans on 
mouth and nipple. Excellent application to old ulcers with in- 
durated edges. One of the best applications in erysipelas. 

Jelly of Salicylic Acid is used for thickening of the skin, 
callosities, corns, keratoid eczema. Has a most decided action 
in lupus, ichthyosis, acne, sycosis, lichen, in rheumatic syno- 
vitis. All grades of strength of which the skin of the patient 
is tolerant are prescribed, with a decided effect. 

Jelly of Acetate of Aluminum has met with great suc- 
cess in burns and superficial inflammation of the skin; also in 
badly-healing ulcers, lupus and malignant excrescences. 

Jelly of Carbolic Acid has been utilized as a local appli- 
cation to lumbar portion of the back in initial sclerosis. 

Jelly of Formalin, useful in infected wounds, indolent 
ulcers, chancres, lupus, eczema, boils, erysipelas, carcinomatous 
excrescences, bites of rabid animals. 

KAKI. — Pulverized root of Japanese persimmon. Dose : 
One to two tablespoonfuls to a half pint of boiling water ; when 
cool, permit patient *to drink freely. It is indicated in gastric 
catarrh, chronic diarrhea, typhoid fever, dysentery, ulceration 
of the bowels, catarrh of the colon and rectum. Decidedly one 
of the best remedies ever introduced, as it excites a renewal of 
life in the various coats of the entire intestinal tract; a sove- 
reign remedy in the diseases enumerated. 

KAVA-KAVA. — A plant which grows in Tahiti. The root 
contains a crystalline principle "kavalin," an essential oil, with 
resin and starch. 

Therapeutic Uses. — It exercises a stimulant and tonic action, 
like cubebs. It is employed to sterilize the gonococcus and 
other germs on the mucous membranes. It is also of utility in 
all catarrhal states of the bladder. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract. Dose : Thirty to 
60 drops, and a solid ozonized paste. Indicated as a remedy to 
destroy the gonococcus of gonorrhea, which it does most ef- 
fectually and promptly. 

A three-grain pill is most eligible. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 495 

KEPHALIN (OZONIZED), OR CEREBRIN.— Glyc- 
erite. Composition of a hundred parts of this brain fertilizer : 
Isolated nitrogenous hypophosphite of — 

Parts. 

Calcium 6 

Sodium 5 

Potassium 3 

Ammonium 8 

Magnesium 3 

Iron 4 

Tlypophosphorous acid with albumen 2 

-Zoalin (an alkaloidal hypophosphite composed of three 
parts of blended nitrogen and glycerin with one of hy- 

pophosphorous acid) 9 

Glycero-hypophosphorous acid 5 

Hypophosphorous acid (liberated from its oleonitrogenous 

association) 5 

Chemically pure glycerin 50 

Total 100 

Formula. — The oxidizable phosphorous element isolated 
irom animal brain and the hypophosphites from the germinal 
portion of oats, dissolved and isolated by hypophosphorous 
acid, held in suspension by c. p. glycerin, and then charged with 
ozone gas. 

Indication. — As this is a true brain essence, it is of the great- 
est efficiency in all nervous diseases, as mental and physical 
exhaustion, wasting diseases, loss of memory, vertigo, worry, 
struggle, nervous debility, decay of brain power, premature 
and otherwise, nervous prostration, neuralgia, loss of vital 
power, general vital deterioration, sleeplessness, paralysis, 
white softening, typhoid : effectual and permanent cure in all 
cases of nerve debility, builds up the brain, restores lost energy, 
refreshes the nerves, stimulates the sexual appetite and supplies 
it with nervovital fluid. It thus is a positive cure for seminal 
weakness, impotency. or loss of power in the generative organs. 
It is also of great efficacy in leukorrhea. female weakness and 
change of life. Gives intellectual vigor and vivacity. 

Dose : From 20 to 30 drops, added to a little water, thrice 
daily, either an hour before or immediately after meals. 

The compound kephalin granules are composed of the active 
vitalizing principle cerebrin of ox brain, the phosphates of 



496 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

cereals, wheat and barley: the avena from Scotch oats; proto- 
nuclein and thyroidin — remedies representing the active prin- 
ciple of life, universally celebrated as the best health restorers, 
brain builders ever introduced to the profession. 

They are pre-eminently active in the cure of what has hith- 
erto been termed chronic or incurable nerve disease, such as 
softening of the brain, paralysis, locomotor ataxia, impotence,, 
impairment of the mental faculties, chorea, etc. 

They are of great utility when the nervous system is ex- 
hausted, blood poor, appetite and digestion bad ; they are sim- 
ply a food to the brain and nerves ; very soothing and exceed- 
ingly strengthening; of great efficacy in seminal weakness, 
physical and mental decay and impotency. 

Men who are physically well, but sexually dead, use these 
granules and become vitalized and productive. 

Tired, exhausted nature finds a reliable recuperative in the 
life-giving, invigorating kephalin granules — a potent strength- 
ener. 

All diseases of the brain and nervous system, white soften- 
ing, paralysis, epilepsy, chorea, loss of memory, loss of appe- 
tite, loss of mental power, yield to this remedy, and a keen, 
highly vitalized condition of every function of the body is the 
result of their use. 

Dose : One only at meals. 

Eighty millions of people in these states suffer from a - pov- 
erty of nerve force. The rapid increase of brain deterioration- 
is inducing a manifold list of nervous maladies which are at- 
tracting the attention of scientific minds, who are in diligent 
search of a remedy by which the lost brain-power and mental 
energy can be restored. Brain growth is shrinking. 

Modern life, with its increased nervous maladies, is but the 
outcome of depletion of the brain of its most valuable constitu- 
ent — phosphorus. When this is drained off by masturbation, 
by sexual excesses, study, worry, struggle, there is no thought,, 
no energy, no ambition, no memory; and just in proportion as 
this remedy is deficient, the brain-power of the individual is. 
lowered. 

Exhausted nature finds a reliable specific, a recuperative, in 
these granules ; a potent strengthened a powerful tonic to the 
neuron, a food to the stationary cells of the nerve centres and 
ganglia, a brain vitalizer, a tissue builder. 

In speaking of these kephalin granules one of the greatest 
discoveries of modern times consists in the isolation of the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 497 

active, vitalizing principle cerebrin from ox-brain; the phos- 
phates from wheat and barley; the avena from Scotch oats; 
protonuclein and thyroidin from the life-forming glands of 
animals — remedies representing the active principle of life — 
and their formation into granules, accomplished by the great- 
est pharmaceutical skill, giving us one of the most celebrated 
remedies of modern times, a perfect health restorer and brain 
builder ever introduced to the medical profession. 

These granules are pre-eminently active when introduced 
into the stomach to raise the standard of vital force and to ef- 
fect a cure of what has hitherto been termed incurable nerve 
diseases, as softening of the brain, paralysis, locomotor ataxia, 
impotence ; impairment of the mental faculties and the senses. 

These granules are chiefly prescribed by highly-scientific 
physicians, gentlemen of great culture and skill, and sold only 
by the leading druggists of Europe and America. 

In order to give our readers an idea of the estimation in 
which these granules are held by the medical profession, we 
quote the following items from various leading journals : 

The glycerite of kephalin ozonized, being the natural phos- 
phate of ox-brain, barley, oats, wheat, is a true nervovital es- 
sence, and can be administered in all cases of impotency with 
the best success. 

Neurasthenia, poverty of nerve force, cerebral anemia, or 
softening, or paralysis, and other states of nervous shock, are 
too frequently the result of excesses, and thus by draining 
off the cerebral essence, leave that organ in a state termed 
starved. 

A brain in that state soon has its typical fissures of thought 
obliterated, and granular deposits appear on the arachnoid; 
adhesion of its membranes to the surface of the convolutions ; 
crystalline granulations in the lining membrane of the ventri- 
cles, with an unusual amount of fluid in the sac of the arach- 
noid. Besides, a tissue-starved brain gives rise to inflamma- 
tion of the cortical portion, terminating in degeneration of the 
nerve cells of the hemispheres, and these changes give rise to 
structural change in the organic cell. 

The brain of man, his brilliancy of thought, his energy, his 
force of character, are due to the quantity of phosphorus con- 
tained in the cerebrum. If this is economized it might sustain 
him to a good old age in full genital vigor, but let overwork or 
excess drain it off, health fails, the vital forces can supply no 
more; then unless kephalin or oats can be administered, de- 



498 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

generative changes will take place in the gray matter of the 
brain and spinal cord, simply because the phosphorus in the 
brain is exhausted. 

Brainworkers, mechanics, professional men, the libertine 
in his excesses, feel this in their languor, want of energy, vic- 
tims of excessive brain exhaustion. Nothing can invalidate 
the assertion that unless our present race obtain more phos- 
phorus, impotency will prevail. 

Kephalin is an excellent brain food, a reconstructor of shat- 
tered nerve force, refreshing to the nerves, repairs lost sexual 
power. Kephalin gives intellectual capacity, a higher stratum 
of life. 

It is a stimulant to the molecular growth of the brain, with a 
special action on the lymphatics and pink marrow and other 
blood-forming and blood-raising glands, and above all an ac- 
tive energizer of the seat of the sexual power in the brain, the 
results of which have astonished the civilized world. 

It is prepared as follows : A sufficient quantity of Scotch 
oats, very coarsely ground, is covered with distilled water and 
kept at a temperature over 80 degrees F. until it ferments. 
When this is perfect the mass is thoroughly macerated with 
alcohol and ozone, is transferred to glass percolators, and after 
permitting it to rest for seven days, percolation is commenced 
and continued until the last grain of avena has passed. 

Prepared in this manner and from the best quality of Scotch 
oats, it contains a very high percentage of avena, is highly acid 
and of a nutmeg-brown color. Of all cereals Scotch oats yield. 
the largest amount of phosphates. 

No other manufacturer claims this, the only true method of 
preparation, to isolate every particle of the brain pabulum; 
there are no imitators, all other preparations made by various 
firms are utterly worthless. 

Avenin, the active or alkaloidal principle of the ozonized 
tincture of Scotch oats, is a great brain builder, a nerve tonic. 
fertilizer and restorer of wasted nervous energy. Avenin is 
one of the best pabulums that can be introduced into the hu- 
man body for the proper nutrition of the nervous system and 
the creation of a higher type of manhood — a vitalizing agent 
to every organ in the body. 

It enters largely into the composition of the compound keph- 
alin granules which are of such wonderful efficacv in all de- 
rangements of the nervous system, such as softening of the- 
brain and paralysis, loss of sexual power, impaired memory , 
dyspepsia, epilepsy, chorea. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 499 

Very many, if not nearly all the maladies of the present age,, 
are caused by a depletion of the brain of its most vital con- 
stituent, phosphorus; when this is deficient, drained by mas- 
turbation, sexual excesses, struggle, study, worry, there is no 
thought, no ambition, no energy, no memory, and just in pro- 
portion as this element is lacking, so is the brain-power of the 
individual deficient. Certain it is that phosphorus enters into 
every tissue of the body, and its absence or presence in normal 
quantities regulates the standard of health. Its presence in 
due proportion excites thought, capacity and brilliancy of in- 
tellect, power of invention, the rise of human progress in mak- 
ing the very elements subservient to our use. 

Man, races, nations are modified, influenced by the character 
of their food. People who use starchy food are mere imbeciles, 
whereas those who consume largely of phosphatic food are re- 
markable for the possession of large brains and great intel- 
lectual development. 

Our present state of civilization, with its ceaseless activities 
and endless strain, cannot be maintained upon ordinary food, 
for it cannot keep up the nutrition of the brain of individuals 
whose labor is chiefly mental. Hence the nervous system of 
the great mass of our people is literally starved. Feed the brain 
with kephalin or kephalin granules, and a very large proportion 
of our present diseases would disappear. 

The initial step to cerebral starvation is a deficiency of phos- 
phates in our food. This paucity of primary elements impairs 
the springs of life, deteriorates all the senses and faculties; but 
none becomes so thoroughly bankrupt as the sexual sense — that 
which presides over the evolution of the spermatozoa. With a 
starved brain, cerebral anemia from any cause, the evolution of 
the spermatozoa goes on sluggishly, feebly; besides, they be- 
come infertile, few, dwarfed, misshapen. 

Let the brain be adequately nourished, vital force vigorous, 
whether by brain food or that great vital constructor, keph- 
alin, the spermatozoa become numerous, active, fertile and 
well developed and the fissures of thought deepened — the en- 
tire nervous system rejuvenated. 

KIDNEYS, DISEASES OF THE.— The kidneys are liable 
to a large number of diseases, all of which are more or less 
grave, and not infrequently fatal. There are two classes of 
diseases : 1. Those due to local causes, such as injury, calculus 
and diseases of the bladder, prostate, and urethra. Retention, 



^oo The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

of urine after a time leads to dilatation of the ureter and kid- 
ney, and the latter becomes atrophied or inflamed. 2. Those 
due to constitutional diseases, such as cancer of the kidney, 
tubercle or scrofula of the kidney, Bright's disease, hydatids 
of the kidney, etc. 

Inflammation of the kidney is caused by damp, cold, alcohol, 
scarlet fever, etc. Symptoms of inflamed kidney are pain in the 
back, groin, and down into the testes, alterations in the secre- 
tion of urine, fever, vomiting, a hard pulse, and ultimately, if 
the disease becomes chronic, changes in the arteries, eye, brain, 
apoplexy, paralysis, etc., so that the whole system is affected. 

Treatment. — Locally, cupping, warm fomentations; purga- 
tives, warmth, etc. 

Ozonized tincture green root of gelsemium is of remarkable 
value in inflammation of the kidneys ; combine it with passiflora 
incarnata. 

The kidneys are the organs for the elimination of waste 
products and toxins of disease germs. So long as they are not 
organically diseased, many, very many maladies admit of cure. 
There is no affection so productive of kidney irritation as the 
uric acid diathesis, which is the prevailing malady of civilized 
man. 

Uric acid kidneys admit of easy recognition both by chemical 
tests and the microscope, and its persistent presence, together 
with the languor, inertia, headache, constipation. There are 
many remedies which, if judiciously administered, such as the 
ozonized uric acid solvent, which will flush the kidneys and 
free them from the ashes of tissue, the uric acid crystals, but 
the action of this remedy must be aided, strengthened by a 
dietary which will agree with and nourish the patient, yet put 
as little strain as possible on the kidneys. Meat should be 
eaten but once a day, and preferably at noon. If the system 
demands albuminous food, milk and eggs may be used in addi- 
tion. We cannot say too much in favor of fruit — especially 
the fruit breakfast — as a corrective and alterative to the blood 
and digestive juices. 

Eating to repletion is always injurious to those who have 
weak kidneys, and is usually followed by a run on those organs. 
Stop just short of satisfying appetite at each meal, and receive 
the reward of keen assimilative powers and unobstructed cir- 
culation. 

A slowing and weakening of the circulation precedes that 
-torpid condition of the kidneys which results in imperfect elimi- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 501 

nation, gradual atrophy of the renal epithelium and contraction 
of the organ. 

To keep up the circulation, regular, moderate, light exercise 
must be insisted on. Baths, massage, and skin friction are in- 
valuable, both as nerve tonics and measures to keep the glan- 
dular system in good condition. 

Fresh air and sunshine deserve more than passing notice. 
Sunshine softens up hard flesh and renews vitality, while fresh 
air tones sensitive nerves and purifies the stagnant blood. The 
<early morning hours are best for sunning and airing, except in 
damp, malarious regions. For the greater part of the year 
the windows of the bedroom may be left open all night, the 
oed being carefully screened from draughts and furnished with 
abundant clothing. This, alone, will often banish the insomnia 
so frequent in kidney disease. 

Kidney, Aching. — This is very common in women after 
abortion from a lift or strain. One or both kidneys may be 
the seat of the ache. The pain is heavy, wearying, deep in the 
side over the region of the kidney, or in the kidney itself. 
The pain in some cases is boring like a nail. There is often 
associated with this pain a corresponding ache in the limb of 
the affected side ; it is also frequently accompanied with irri- 
table bladder. It is most common about the monthly periods, 
but has nothing to do with painful menstruation, but is more 
likely to take place after delivery or abortion. The left kidney 
is more frequently the seat of ache than the right : in very 
rare cases can eithr a tenderness or fullness be detected. The 
case is essentially one of debility, and requires rest and tonics, 
as uva ursi and tincture of iron, capsicum, or other stimulating 
applications. Albuminuria may exist in the urine, with aching 
kidney, and if it does it i? likelv to give rise to the death of 
the fetus and abortion. 

The ozonized wine of aletris farinosa internally for a few 
months, with the ozonized pastils, gives the patient prompt re- 
lief from her sufferings ; general tonic course, it yields to treat- 
ment. 

KLEPTOMANIA. — A peculiar mental disorder, common 
about, at, and during the change of life in women, owing to 
the brain being deprived of the ovarian secretion ; simply either 
a manifestation of degeneracy, or a morbid manifestation of 
certain neuroses and psychoses. The will centre is diseased, 
hence a manifestation of viciousness and feeble moralitv. Even 



502 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

very wealthy kleptomaniacs desire to steal, but they must never 
be regarded as thieves. 

Isolation, solitary confinement is helpful, weakens their men- 
tal calibre more; change of scene, cheerful society, are good 
remedials for a diseased mind. Massage, rest, a limited seclu- 
sion, overfeeding are good elements to begin with and to hold 
to, with a judicious medicinal course. 

Our best remedies are passiflora incarnata ; glycerite of keph- 
alin ; avena sativa ; c. p. solution of spermin ; protonuclein. 



KOLA. — The seeds or nuts of Sterciilia acuminata, growing 
in West Africa. 

The physiological and therapeutical actions are almost 
identical with the coca leaves. They are said to appease the ap- 
petite or craving for drink, for food, give great endurance, and 
are a tonic to the digestive tract, and increase the activity of the 
peristaltic crave, hence the great utility in habitual constipation 
and heart failure. 

Chemistry. — They contain caffein, theobromin, starch, glu- 
cose, and a volatile oil. 

Preparations and Doses. — The nuts are digested in glycerin, 
with tamarinds made into a paste, then made into lozenges ; of 
great utility in constipation. Fluid extract and other prepara- 
tions identical with coca. 

Dose : As a vital constructor to shattered nerve force, take a 
piece the size of an ordinary pea thrice daily; as a laxative, a 
half a teaspoonful on retiring to bed. This great vital con- 
structor is of special utility in neurasthenia or poverty of nerve 
force, nerve tire, worry, headache, depression, nausea, loss of 
appetite, liver torpor, piles, great despondency, insomnia, pal- 
pitation of heart, intercostal neuralgia, depraved secretions. 

Tired business men ; strained, overworked, exhausted clergy- 
men ; weak, nervous, debilitated ladies ; puny, ill-grown or tis- 
sue-starved children, should use this paste. Its daily use cheats 
the grave of its premature victim. 

It has a specific effect in depriving the victim of the alcohol, 
morphia or chloral habits of the appetite for those stimulants. 

Kola-nut (in lozenge form). — Dose: A half of one every 
evening. This remedy forms a palatable and efficient method 
of administering the drug for constipation ; an invaluable rem- 
edy in all morbid states characterized by inertia of the liver and 
bowels. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 503 

Kolatina Tablets. — Five grains each prepared from a 
glucoside extracted from the nuts, an admirable remedy in all 
sluggish states of the liver. 

KOUSSIN. — The active principle of the female flowers of 
Bray era anthelmintica has been quite extensively tested as a 
remedy for tapeworm. 

Preparations. — Koussin 10 to 20 grains for adults; 2 to 5 
grains for children. 

KRAMERIA, commonly known as rhatany root, is used in 
medicine as an astringent and tonic. The preparations used are 
the infusion, dose 1 to 2 miidounces ; the tincture, dose \ to 2 
fluidrams ; the extract, dose 5 to 20 grains. Mixed with 
equal parts of orris root and charcoal, it makes a good tooth 
powder. But, better still, incorporated in butter of coca, in the 
form of a suppository, it gives us a medicament that promptly 
cures prolapsus of the lower bowel and all anal fissures. The 
extract is generally used. 

KURCHICIN (Hindoo Bitters). — Is a pure bitter, antisep- 
tic, vegetable tonic, delicious to the taste, of surpassing excel- 
lence, with a very wide range of action, unexcelled in its invig- 
orating properties ; an efficient appetizer and liver stimulant : 
highly ozonized ; always acting promptly and energetically. 

It positively cures all forms of indigestion, with its collateral 
symptoms of headache, sour eructations, heartburn, melan- 
cholia ; rouses up the torpid, sluggish liver ; relieves constipa- 
tion ; eradicates piles ; and as it takes away all desire for stimu- 
lants, it is a perfect antidote to the alcohol, opium and chloral 
habits. It is a great blood fertilizer; imparts great strength 
and vigor to the nervous system; overcomes prostration and 
feebleness ; soothes irritability, promotes refreshing sleep, gives 
fresh energy and affords inexpressible comfort. We give a 
few general directions for its use. 

Medium dose as a general tonic. One tablespoonful before 
meals strengthens, invigorates and vitalizes the whole body. 

For chills and fever. When the blood is loaded with the 
malarial germ, the brain poisoned, the intellectual faculties 
blunted, all the great secreting and blood-forming glands 
clogged, skin sallow, exhaustion, cold hands and feet, weari- 
ness, pains all over, loss of strength, no energy, no ambition, 
with periodic fever, then the patient should take one table- 



504 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

spoonful every hour during the interval of the fever, continuing 
this way and at less frequent intervals till it is broken up ; then 
subsequently for three times a day for twenty-eight days. To 
prevent chills, a tablespoonful morning and night. 

As a special tonic. One tablespoonful before meals cre- 
ates an appetite, builds up, imparts tone and vivacity to the 
nerve centres ; aids in the formation of red blood. Besides it 
gives immediate relief in colic, cholera, prostration, etc. 

For general debility. A small quantity added to a little 
wine at stated intervals. If added to a little whisky or brandy, 
it prevents them from congealing the nerves, and restores their 
normal action if paralyzed by that poison. 

It is a most invaluable remedy to the man of temperance, 
as by its daily use he can have the aid of a potent vivifier, re- 
newer and vitalizer, without the deleterious effects of alcohol. 
It should be in every house for emergencies. 

The concentrated tincture, highly ozonized, is of immense 
utility in the quotidian, tertian and quartan types of malarial 
fever, as it destroys the micro-organisms which give rise to 
that class of pernicious fevers. So definite and potent is its 
action that after the first dose the odoriferous character of the 
dead germs can be detected in the sweat, saliva, urine. The 
bowels must be opened ; all fluids strictly forbidden either with 
the remedy or for several hours subsequently, or between doses, 
as watery fluids supply a pabulum to germ evolution in the 
blood. The remedy causes the malarial germ to disappear from 
the blood and tissues. It is valuable in small doses in all fevers 
or states of debility. It has demonstrated itself an invaluable 
remedy in epidemic influenza. It changes the electrical forces 
of the body from a negative to a positive state. Dose : One or 
two teaspoonfuls ; superior to quinine in intermittent fever 
three hours before the chill ; the same ten minutes before the 
cold stage. 

LABOR. — Six weeks or two months before the termination 
of pregnancy, it is expedient for the coming mother to take a 
dose of castor oil once or twice a week, not so much for a free 
unloading of the bowels as to get up a good secretion of milk ; 
for there is no drug like the oil for this purpose. It is also a 
good plan to let the patient take some remedy to strengthen 
the womb for its approaching work. There are three good 
preparations for this purpose, namely : the mother's cordial, the 
viburnum compound, and the fluid extract of stylosanthes ; 
either of these, the one alternately with the other. The latter- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 505 

mentioned remedy is a most marvelous one in rendering labor 
easy; relieves the distress; gets away with false pains; is a 
valuable parturient, rendering the first stage of labor short and 
almost painless. It is an invaluable drug to all child-bearing 
women. As we have already stated, it should be commenced 
six or eight weeks before the expected crisis. 

Labor may be defined to be the expulsive efforts of the uterus 
and mother in evacuating the contents of the uterus, the fetus 
being a mere passive body. Mental excitement or impressions 
may excite or suspend labor, but cannot prevent it. 

Symptoms of labor may be briefly enumerated : When the 
fortieth week has expired, there is likely to be some nervous 
depression, which is manifested by a rigor or chill of more or 
less intensity ; a frequent inclination to make water, or else a 
suppression of it, bearing-down ; subsidence of the abdominal 
tumor ; secretion of mucus, often streaked with blood, called the 
show ; aching in the hips or thighs ; sometimes cramps, and a 
dilatable condition of the mouth of the womb, with alternate 
contractions, accompanied with pain. In some cases the pains 
are false or spurious. They are said to be such when the 
mouth of the uterus remains unaffected by them. These pains 
in some ladies are apt to come on several days before the gen- 
uine, and are apt to worry or annoy the patient ; and in all cases 
in which you are satisfied that they are false, they should be 
stopped by an injection of starch and laudanum into the rectum- 
True pains are produced by contraction and drawing up of 
the womb, which first expels the slimy matter, mixed with 
blood, called a "show." As soon as this appears, the mouth of 
the womb at each pain begins to open and widen itself, so as to 
permit the contents of the womb to pass. 

When labor begins, the mouth of the womb is opened by 
the longitudinal fibres which are opposed to the circular. 

Labor is very correctly divided into three stages : the first is 
the period of dilating of the mouth of womb sufficient to let 
the head of the child pass, and occupies more than two-thirds 
of the time of a labor ; the second is the expulsion of the child 
from the uterus, and occupies much less than a third ; and the 
third stage is a complete expulsion of the membranes and 
placenta. 

The first pains are short, come on at long intervals ; the pa- 
tient is restless under them, first hot, then cold, and not infre- 
quently sick at the stomach. She may be griped, belches wind, 
or passes it from the bowels, which should not be restrained by 



506 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

false delicacy. By and by pain passes to the back and then to 
the bottom of the belly, and there is usually a desire to urinate 
or to go to stools, calls that are to be obeyed, never neglected. 
Just at this time she is likely to become fretful, uneasy, and 
may ask for something to hurry up the pains; but be patient, 
wait a little, don't force nature to premature efforts ; let her rest 
while nature rallies, and the womb gradually opens. 

The duties of the nurse, midwife, or physician, if the presen- 
tation is all right, consists in aiding, if needed, giving consola- 
tion and encouragement ; warm drinks ; watching the case care- 
fully and closely, and rendering assistance when necessary. 

During the First Stage: At this stage, it is unnecessary for 
the patient to go to bed, only once in a while, for examination. 
She is better, during the greater part of the first stage, moving 
gently about the bedroom, and when a pain comes on, be in a 
position to get hold of something. During such pains a 
doubled up position, either sitting on a low stool or kneeling, 
answers well. When this first stage is nearly over — that is, 
dilating the neck of the womb completed, the patient must go to 
bed. The best position for American women is the left side, 
near the foot of the bed, so that she can fix her feet firmly 
against the bed post; her hips from ten to twenty- four inches 
from the edge of the bed. If attendants are few she could have 
a sheet attached to the bedpost, so she could hold on to some- 
thing from below; her legs bent, a pillow between her knees, 
and her head also supported by a pillow. The bed for about a 
yard and a half square should be protected with a gum or oil- 
cloth spread, and two or three quilts doubled up over the same, 
so as to take up the discharge. Irish or German women, with 
straight sacrums, do fully as well on their backs, or even on 
their knees, in the bed, or on the floor, until they are well over 
and into the second stage. Once it is ascertained that the pre- 
sentation is a good one, it is unnecessary to annoy her by re- 
peated examinations. 

All examinations should be made during a pain, and con- 
tinued when the pain is off. If the pains are good, efficient, 
and the mouth of the womb well dilated, parts well lubricated 
and the membranes seem to act as a retarding element, they 
can be ruptured by roughening the nail of the index finger; 
but if they do not seem to retard the labor, they may be let 
alone, until they almost protrude externally, as they act as a 
good dilator. 

The bag of waters differs in size in different cases, according 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 507 

to the amount of water present, and is, always, large or small, 
a good dilating body, continuing to force open and widen the 
mouth of the womb, until it is open sufficiently to permit the 
head of the child to pass. It also distends or dilates the vagina. 

In some cases, ladies, by excessive or violent movements, 
cause a rupture of the membranes, a week or more before labor ; 
then labor is dry, and is not nearly so easy; in other cases of 
sudden or hurried labor, the membranes, water, child, and after- 
birth are expelled in a mass, then the child is said to be born 
with a caul. When they burst at the proper time the pains 
continue, and the child gradually enters the world. If the 
mouth of the womb is dry and rigid, so that the pains are in- 
efficient and the first stage prolonged, this rigidity must be 
overcome in various ways, — enemata of tepid water and lobelia 
into the rectum, steaming the vulva, perineum, and anus, by 
causing the patient to sit on a chamber partially filled with 
boiling water in which a plug of tobacco has been cut up ; or by 
smearing the rigid mouth with belladonna ointment, or intro- 
ducing a pastil of belladonna and opium into the vagina; and 
if it does not yield, these means may be repeated, or they can 
all be used. A decided nausea has an excellent effect. 

When the head is emerging under the arch of the pubes, the 
perineum should be suported with the palm of the left hand, 
and retained there till the head is free from the vulva. 

If the perineum is tough, rigid, not easily distended, and 
thus obstructs the exit of the head, it may be well oiled, and 
hot towels — as hot as can be borne — applied, one after the 
other, so as to relax it. If this is unavailing, wring the towels 
out of hot lobelia or tobacco-water. 

When the head has made its exit, do not pull or drag it, but 
simply hold it in the hand until the next pain, and, when it 
occurs, have the patient hold her breath well and bear down, 
when the body will be expelled. Indeed, all through the case 
the patient must exercise great fortitude, patience, and for- 
bearance; be quiet and docile, and on no account must she 
throw up her arms, stretch herself, or let go her breath in the 
middle of a good bearing-down pain or effort. Some ladies are 
remarkably sensitive, and the greatest delicacy and kindness 
should be observed towards her in all things. Her person must 
not be exposed. There is little use in the horrid custom of 
some physicians, inserting their hand up the vagina in the form 
of a cone, and holding it there. Such a practice is uncalled 
for ; more good can be obtained by gently rubbing her abdomen 



508 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

with oil. The fantastic manoeuvres of self-conceited, ignorant 
physicians in wearing towels on their arms, sleeves; putting- 
on aprons, as if it was a butcher shop, and such like, are revolt- 
ing to the sensibilities of a refined lady. Such scoundrels 
should be kicked out. 

Cool, firm determination, a cheerful disposition, with the use 
of warm stimulating drinks, are of more utility than a lot of 
humbug. We must guard against too sudden a delivery, with 
membranes, water, and after-birth altogether, as that is very 
apt to be followed by hemorrhage. After the delivery of the 
child, lay it on the right side, remove any mucus from its 
mouth, and give it a very gentle beat on the back with the 
open hand. Usually this is sufficient to establish respiration ; if 
not, artificial respiration, or otherwise, should be restored to — 
(see Asphyxia). Respiration may be suspended for over forty 
minutes, and resuscitation may take place ; so our efforts should 
continue as long. 

As soon as the child cries lustily, and there is evidence of a 
proper supply of arterial blood, that is the time to ligate the 
cord, applying the first ligature from three-fourths to one inch 
from the belly, the other one two inches further on, and then 
dividing or cutting it between the two. As soon as this is done, 
wrap or roll up the child in a blanket, and hand it to the nurse : 
then attend to the mother, and the removal of the after-birth. 
On placing your hand over the abdomen, you will find the uterus 
either contracted or relaxed. If contracted, the after-birth 
may be in the vagina, and a cough, or sneeze, or blowing with 
some force into the palms of both hands, or a gentle bearing- 
down effort, or slight traction on the cord, may cause it to come 
away. As soon as it approaches the vulva, it should be grasped 
and twisted round several times, so as to twist the membranes, 
and have them come easily and entirely away. 

If the uterus is relaxed, and after-birth attached, resort to 
frictions with oil over the abdomen, so as to cause contraction : 
allow a little rest till the vital forces rally. Administer a little 
capsicum in warm sweet milk, or a little quinine, or a little hot 
punch, so as to establish permanent tonic contraction of the 
uterus. If there is retention of the after-birth after tonic con- 
tractions have taken place, use friction, shampooing, dry heat 
to the abdomen, enemata of tepid water into the rectum, and 
administer stimulants. These means failing, after waiting per- 
haps one or two hours, introduce the hand in the form of a 
cone ! — the back of it well oiled — into the cavity of the uterus.. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 509 

and gently grasp the placenta, or after-birth. It is very prob- 
able that the presence of the hand will cause such violent con- 
tractions, with expulsive pains, as to cause it to be thrown off. 
If not, detach it carefully, and leave no portion behind; wait 
until a pain comes, when withdraw the hand in harmony with 
the bearing-down effort. This is best effected with the patient 
on her back, knees drawn up — and I will repeat, let it be done 
with great kindness and gentleness. After it is removed, the 
patient should be carefully bandaged, from the middle of the 
thighs to the bottom of the sternum, with a thin compress over 
the uterus. In applying this bandage, it should be pinned from 
below up ; a pin every inch, and free from all wrinkles. Then 
a dry, warm diaper should be pressed against the vulva. This, 
or a similar bandage, should be applied daily, and seen to by 
the physician or nurse for ten days, and it should be worn for 
as least two or three months. On the reapplication of the 
bandage, it is well to sponge the abdomen with a little harts- 
horn and tepid water; dry off well, and then use either bay 
rum or cologne-water. By this means all the cracks, fissures. 
crevices, of the abdomen are avoided ; also enlarged or pendu- 
lous abdomen. A woman can be well preserved if due care 
is taken of her, even after she has had a dozen children. 

After the bandage is applied, the patient should be moved 
up to her proper place in bed, and a doubled quilt placed under- 
neath her. The use of the bandage after delivery has many 
advantages. Besides maintaining the natural condition of the 
abdomen, it stimulates the uterus to contraction, and thus pre- 
vents hemorrhage ; it rests the broad ligaments, and gives sup- 
port, and prevents falling of the womb; it is, besides, a great 
safeguard and comfort to the woman, and on no account can it 
be dispensed with. Always pin from below up, firm at first, 
but always easier as you progress upwards. 

If there is any disposition to hemorrhage, in addition to the 
roller put the child to the breast at once, or as soon as possible 
after the mother has rested. The first cathartic should be given 
after the mother has had a sleep ; and it should be oil, on ac- 
count of its influence in secreting milk. All through, during 
and after labor, the bladder should be carefully watched, es- 
pecially if there is any retention of urine. 

The diet of the mother, if not very feeble, should, for about 
nine days, consist of plain oatmeal, gruel, sago, arrowroot, rice. 
tea and toast, beef-tea. As a rule, beef, mutton, chicken, game, 
or high-seasoned food, or stimulants, should be avoided ; but 



510 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

after the ninth day, a generous and nutritious diet may be 
allowed, even as liberal as the patient may desire, avoiding all 
indigestible articles, as veal, pork, salt meat and fish, pie-paste, 
cabbage, etc. 

The discharge that comes, or takes place from the uterus 
after delivery, is called the lochia, or cleansing, and should con- 
tinue from two to three weeks; if longer than three or four, 
means should be taken to tone up the uterus by port wine and 
Peruvian bark, mother's cordial. If it. should suddenly cease 
inside of the first two weeks, measures should be taken to re- 
establish it. 

The most common causes that are likely to cause its arrest 
are cold, cold drinks, ice; sudden mental emotion, or excite- 
ment, or worry, or passion. 

To cause its reappearance, try heat to the vulva, over the 
uterus, and to the feet, with infusion of catnip, and a few drops 
of the tincture of aconite. If that fails, try serpentaria com- 
pound, in half-teaspoonful doses, in some warm tea, and ad- 
minister enemata or flaxseed tea, with laudanum. If that fails 
let patient drink linseed tea, warm, with tincture of snake- 
root. If the stoppage or arrest of the lochia takes place in- 
side of the first ten days, we may entertain apprehension of its 
absorption into the blood, and puerperal fever ; later than that 
it is not likely to be attended with such grave results. The 
prevention of its disappearance, by keeping the patient quiet, 
free from all care or anxiety, by a strict avoidance of all cold 
drinks, and inculcating other elements of comfort, which are of 
great consequence, will almost infallibly ward off this compli- 
cation. 

The uterus may, if ergot or forcing-powders are being ad- 
ministered, contract on the after-birth, the mouth and neck 
close, and the lochia cease. This is ; a bad state of affairs, in- 
duced by the action of this drug, to whose use many mothers' 
lives have been sacrificed. The ergot stimulates the lower por- 
tion of the spinal cord, and thus contracts the entire uterus, 
neck and all, besides rendering the blood clotty. 

If this should occur, administer opium freely to relax the 
neck and mouth of the uterus; throw up tepid water enemata 
into both vagina and rectum; scorching hot pillows to the 
loins ; heat over uterus. If not successful in getting the fingers 
in after it, try inhalation of a few drops of chloroform oh a 
towel — not enough to cause anesthesia, because the blood is 
thick and heart feeble. If not successful then, try a warm ene- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 511 

ma of lobelia, and administer lobelia in small doses, not 
enough to vomit but to nauseate well, and then try to remove 
it. This failing, try belladonna and opium pastils and sup- 
positories; they not successful, inject the uterus with a strong 
infusion of chamomile flowers and borax. That failing, leave 
a catheter in the uterus for a few hours, well up to the fundus, 
so as to try and originate the pains or contractions. If all 
means fail in this crisis then inject the uterus thrice daily with 
a tepid injection of water and permanganate potassa, and see 
that it all escapes; and keep the patient under opium. 

Very many complications are liable to arise, under the old 
treatment, which if the labor were rendered painless would 
never occur. Indeed, this great desideratum of the present 
age can be effected as follows : When labor has set in smear the 
lumbar portion of the back and the entire abdomen with concen- 
trated ozone. Wash hands carefully and insert two obstetric 
cones into the rectum and two into the vagina, the latter are to 
be well pushed up against the os uteri. In twenty minutes re- 
peat again, and again, if necessary. 

These cones produce anesthesia of the lumbar and uterine 
nerves, of the mucous membrane of the neck of the uterus and 
vagina, the most perfect dilatation of the neck of the uterus is 
induced, uterine contraction energized and equalized. All 
tension is relieved, labor is painless and terminates promptly. 
No complication has ever occurred, when these cones are pre- 
scribed. No tedious labor, no hour-glass contraction, no ab- 
sorption of lochial products, no puerperal fever ; never hemor- 
rhage. 

For after-pains they are unexcelled. They relieve all reflex 
excitability of the vaginal orifice. 

Retention of the Placenta is a grave affection, there be- 
ing great danger of blood-poisoning, metroperitonitis and 
puerperal fever. It may be remarked that, as a class, our wo- 
men do not bear injections into the uterus well, and they in 
themselves are dangerous from the injection finding its way 
into the uterine sinuses, thence into the blood, and causing death 
by producing acute, fatty degeneration of the liver. 

Every resource must be brought to bear on the case; if one 
or two fingers can be inserted there is no trouble, aided by the 
lobelia and belladonna, both by vagina and rectum, and inter- 
nally. 

Hour-glass Contraction of the uterus and retention of the 
after-birth are also quite common, and in a great measure are 



512 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

due to the use of ergot in labor. Hour-glass contraction is a 
condition in which some nerve that supplies the middle of the 
uterus is weak, and where it receives an undue amount of stim- 
ulation or irritation from the cord, irritated by ergot, which 
causes it to contract in the centre with the after-birth in its 
upper half. This is not so grave an affection as the contraction 
of the os and neck, because when the system is well-relaxed 
with lobelia enemata and internally, if necessary, it readily 
yields, and by gentle manipulation, one finger and then another 
can be inserted, until the whole hand gets through the obstruc- 
tion, and siezes the after-birth and withdraws it. Treat same 
as Retention. 

Can it be wondered at that we have so many complications 
of labor, when so much ergot, or forcing-powders are given? 
Our women, the best nurses in the world, are spoiled, their 
milk rendered scanty, insufficient, or none at all, by the system 
of senseless drugging during labor. It is not the women, but 
the utter incapacity of the physician that is at fault. Even the 
infinitesimal pellets contain enough of ergotin and atropin to 
give rise to untold trouble. 

The breath, or the feet, knees, buttocks, are regarded as nat- 
ural, and are next in frequency to the head, but they are not 
such good points for dilatation ; consequently, the labor is very 
slow or prolonged, and even when the feet, knees, buttocks and 
body are expelled there is danger to the child, if the head is 
not delivered, by pressure upon the cord. If flooding should 
take place during natural labor, enjoin rest, horizontal position, 
and a plug. If these means fail, endeavor to excite uterine 
contractions with quinine, capsicum, corn-smut, mistletoe. If 
still persistent, and the os uteri dilatable, rupture the mem- 
branes and introduce the hand into the cavity of the uterus, 
seize the feet and bring them down with their toes pointing 
to either thigh of the mother, so as to bring the long diameter 
of the head into the long diameter of the pelvis. 

In convulsions during natural labor, if the mouth of the 
womb is rigid, administer opium and lobelia, by the mouth 
and by enemata; if they recur, inhalation of chloroform; and 
as soon as the mouth is dilated sufficiently to admit the hand, 
insert it, seize the feet, and bring down, with the toes pointing 
to either thigh ; and deliver under chloroform and hypodermic 
injection of morphia. 

If fainting fits should occur, and they are due to debility, or 
some peculiarity of the nervous system, diffusible stimulants. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 513 

with quinine should be given ; but if they are due to internal 
hemorrhage (concealed), turn and deliver. 

If there is a rupture, and danger of strangulation, and the 
mouth of the womb is dilatable, turn and deliver. 

In some cases the after-birth, instead of being located at the 
fundus, is implanted right over the mouth of the uterus. If an 
attendant in the family, the mother generally calls attention 
to it as early as the fourth month, by a dribbling or oozing of 
blood, which increases in frequency and quantity as the neck 
of the womb merges into the body during the later months, 
and at full time it is quite considerable. On making an exam- 
ination with the finger, a soft, spongy mass can be detected over 
the mouth of the womb. In all such cases it is well to have 
another physician in attendance besides the regular one, not 
for aid, but to share the grave responsibilities of such a case. 
Wait until labor sets in; if there should happen to be hemor- 
rhage, use the plug made of several fine sponges, until the 
mouth of the womb is sufficiently dilated to admit the hand ; 
then push aWay the after-birth on one side, whichever yields 
most readily; then insert the hand, rupture the membranes, and 
bring the feet down, toes to the thigh of the mother. Before 
resorting to this, either brandy or capsicum should be given, 
with infusion of good, fresh ergot ; the abdomen rubbed with 
warm oil, and every means taken to facilitate delivery. 
Promptness of action and a clear head are necessary in this 
crisis, in order to save either mother or child. When turning 
is once consummated, there is litle further hemorrhage, be- 
cause the head of the child effectually blocks the mouths of the 
bleeding vessels. If no physician is near, the nurse or mid- 
wife must pursue the above course without aid, for if she 
waits, death will inevitably take place. There should be no in- 
terference until the mouth is dilated to admit the hand, only by 
the plug, but everything be in readiness. 

In case of presentation at the shoulder-joint, it is easily recog- 
nized by the child lying crossways in the abdomen, head at 
one side, buttocks at the other, by the sharp point of the shoulde 
one side, buttocks at the other, by the sharp point of the 
shoulder or the descent of the arm. In cases of this kind, de- 
livery cannot take place, and it is necessary in all cases to turn. 
So wait until the mouth is sufficiently dilated to admit the hand ; 
then rupture the membranes, if still entire, and proceed to turn. 
In doing this, the patient should be placed upon her back, knees 
drawn up ; the back of the hand of the operator well oiled ; 



514 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

hand in the form of a cone, gently introduced into the cavity 
of the womb ; seize the feet and bring down, with the toes point- 
ing to either thigh of the mother. If the hand of the child 
has descended, the palm will either point to the front or the 
back ; this forms an excellent guide to where the feet are to be 
found. If it points to the front, insert the hand up in front, 
and there the feet are to be found ; if to the back, then in that 
direction. This saves groping round after the feet. In all 
cases of turning, or when it is necessary to introduce the hand 
into the uterus, it should be done during the absence of a pain; 
and if a contraction or pain comes on when it is so introduced, 
let it lie flat until the pain subsides, and then proceed and bring 
down the feet. 

After-pains. — After the first confinement it is unusual to 
have after-pains, as the uterus does its work with energy, and 
there is nothing left in it; but after all subsequent deliveries, 
the uterus is likely to suffer some inertia, and there is apt to be 
a clot, or a retained bit of placenta, or something which the 
uterus wants to and tries to expel. It is not to be regarded as 
a disease, but a healthy condition of the womb. The womb is 
doing its duty, and, as a rule, if the clot is not very large, the 
pains are not very severe; but if of great size, then there is 
considerable pain. There is another condition : a diseased 
state, in which the recently emptied uterus goes into a most 
violent and painful contraction, without any discernible object 
in view; and a severe case of this kind is bad — much more 
painful than ordinary after-pains, that come on to expel a clot 
or piece of membrane. 

In all cases of after-pains, whether mild or severe, the roller 
should be kept applied but not too tight, as it acts as a stimu- 
lant to contraction. Opium or morphia, with extract of hyos- 
eyamus, should be given, so as to relax the neck of the uterus ; 
it should be administered guardedly, just enough to relax to 
permit the egress of the clots, discharge, or cleansing, and dis- 
continued as soon as possible. It is best given with some 
diaphoretic tea, as catnip, or sweet marjorum, or pleurisy root, 
or boneset, whichever is most handy. If still persistent, evacu- 
ate the rectum by first administering a large dose of castor oil, 
with twenty or thirty drops of tincture of opium, and enemata 
of the same. There is scarcely a possibility of a case resisting 
these measures. Still, if there is, compound tincture of serpen- 
taria could be given, and dry heat applied over the uterus. 
Better not to give many remedies, as they so influence the secre- 
tion of milk. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 515 

LACTUCARIUM.— The inspissated juice of the garden 
lettuce has the color and in some measure the taste and odor of 
opium. Its medicinal effects are very nearly the same, but 
milder in its action, and does not dry up the secretions. An 
excellent remedy for insomnia. 

LANOLIN. — The pure oil of sheep's wool is very pene- 
trating, and when desirous of a remedy going away down into 
deep parts,- chloroform and any other agent should be incorpo- 
rated in it and applied or rubbed in. It is so antiseptic that it 
never becomes rancid in the hottest weather, soothing, soften- 
ing, healing; useful in burns, sprains, contracted muscles, cu- 
taneous diseases. Dose : Spread on linen ; apply twice daily. 

LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS.— Spasm of the glottis; 
difficult breathing ; spasm comes on after inspiration ; inflation 
of the lungs ; lividity of the face ; often comes with relaxation 
of spasm. 

As a rule it is an affection of teething infants, but often met 
with among neurasthenic ladies. In children, irritation of 
special nerves, as the trifacial in teething; pneumogastric and 
vagus ; worms in the intestines ; whereas in ladies an anemic 
state of the spinal cord. 

During an attack, give a warm alkaline bath ; hot compresses 
to chest and throat; dry mustard to the feet in socks, admin- 
ister freely compound syrup lobelia. 

The general points in the treatment would be to tone up the 
general system by all possible means : change of air ; improved 
diet and brain tonics, as cinchona, coca, avena, kephalin, etc. 

LARYNGITIS (Acute). — There are two varieties — a mild 
form, confined to the mucous membrane, in which there is 
difficulty in breathing, cough, aphonia, constriction and heat in 
throat, with fever. The other form is where the inflammation 
is in the submucous tissue, with edema, a tendency to suffoca- 
tion and embolism of blood ; painful, harsh cough ; difficulty of 
breathing and swallowing ; wheezing inspiration, loss of voice, 
anxiety, distress, lividity of neck and face, clutching at throat, 
high fever. Always extremely dangerous. 

Large doses of veratrum viride, alternated with bisulphate of 
quinine; alcoholic vapor bath; hot linseed meal poultices to 
throat with peroxide of hydrogen. Change often ; open bowels 
with saline drinks; mustard and artificial heat to feet; moist 



516 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

atmosphere ; one-half dozen atomizers at bedside charged with 
iodine. Give Dover's powder, increase veratrnm till pulse is 
sixty; passiflora always useful. 

LARYNGITIS (Chronic). — Very common; varieties, sim- 
ple, syphilitic, mercurial, tubercular, and that form common 
among clergymen, called clericorum, due to ranting; no will 
effort with exercise of vocal cords; cough, expectoration, hawk- 
ing of mucus, peculiar rattle, ulceration, aphonia, or voice 
scarcely louder than a whisper, cough in paroxysms, croupy, 
emaciation. 

The causes of chronic laryngitis are various, as prolonged 
use of the vocal organs in reading or speaking ; using them too 
long on one pitch or key, without regard to their modulation ; 
improper treatment of acute diseases of the throat; neglected 
nasal catarrh; the inordinate use of mercury; repeated colds 
which directly cause sore throat, injuries, etc. ; it is also fre- 
quently associated with tubercular disease, and, in fatal cases, 
terminates in consumption. 

Symptoms.— These often come on insidiously. They are 
soreness of the throat, noticeable particularly when speaking 
and immediately thereafter ; a raw and constricted feeling, lead- 
ing to frequent attempts to clear the throat, in order to relieve 
the uneasy sensation. The voice becomes altered, hoarse, and 
husky and there is a slight, peculiar cough with but little ex- 
pectoration. At first, the matter expectorated is mucous, but 
as the disease advances, and ulceration progresses, it becomes 
mucopurulent, perhaps lumpy, bloody, or is almost wholly pure 
pus. The voice becomes more and more impaired, or is finally 
lost. In the later stages it resembles consumption being at- 
tended with hectic fever, night-sweats, emaciation, cough, pro- 
fuse expectoration, and sometimes hemorrhage. 

Chronic laryngitis may stand on its own bottom as the result 
of a cold, some bronchial or pulmonary trouble, some want of 
harmony between the will and volition, either to the neoplasm 
of cancer or the bacillus of tubercle or syphilis, symptoms analo- 
gous (although different bacteria may be present), as tickling 
sensations provoking coughing ; an endeavor to clear the throat 
as the thickening increases ; an obstruction to breathing, which 
is increased, becomes loud, prolonged, with a pecular whist- 
ling, change of voice, hoarse, husky, feeble, squeaky, scarcely 
audible, not above a whisper. Chronic laryngitis is a symptom 
of masturbation, an inanition of the generative organs reflexly 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 517 

transmitted to the medulla oblongata, giving rise to paresis of 
the vocal cords, giving us from a slight huskiness to a marked 
loss of voice. 

An intimate connection exists between the genital organs and 
the larynx through the spinal cord. 

Our prognosis in all cases of chronic laryngitis must be 
guarded, as the practice of masturbation is common in young, 
middle-aged and even elderly men, that if even the defective or- 
ganization upon which it depends was eradicated the organic 
changes in the structure of the larynx may have taken place. 

There are no remedies so effectual in ridding the individual 
of the habit and the peculiar constitution, as the exhibition of 
large doses of green root tincture of gelsemium and passiflora 
incarnata. 

Inhalations of concentrated ozone, in a steam atomizer, from 
fifteen to thirty drops to the ounce, effect radical changes in 
the larynx. 

The rationale of the inhalation of this powerful germicide is 
exceedingly simple. Introduced into the aerial cavity, it im- 
presses itself upon the lining membrane of the larynx, changes 
its character from a morbid condition to one of health, restores 
the voice ; at the same time it enters the lungs and from them 
the blood, and through the blood every organ, nerve and muscle 
of the body is rejuvenated by this scavenger of nature. 

Treatment. — Thorough hygiene should be at once instituted, 
and the patient must refrain from using his voice.. At the 
same time, the diet, bathing, clothing, etc., require careful at- 
tention. Everything should be done that is calculated to build 
up and improve the general health. 

LEAD POISONING. — In olden times this malady occurred 
chiefly among operatives in lead, among whom it found an in- 
gress into the body by endosmosis through the skin ; inhalation, 
and by means of the digestive tract — that is, by handling it, 
breathing its fumes, and drinking water stored in lead pipes 
and newly painted cisterns ; in modern times, it finds access to 
our food products, in all species of canned fruits, vegetables 
and meats ; in nearly all wines to give them a cooling flavor ; in 
all articles packed in tin foil, in cosmetics, hair dyes, lotions. 

When lead enters the body in some of its varied forms, it may 
be in a month or years, it produces an anemic condition, a 
neurosis, a true degenerative action on the nerve cells and cen- 
tres. It has a special affinity for the fine delicate nerves of the 



5 iS The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

duodenum, the nerves of unstriped muscular fasciculi. Its 
most striking morbid changes are contraction of the arterioles, 
hence anemia of the tissues ; fatty deposits in the muscles ; and 
fibroid degeneration of the kidneys; minute extravasation of 
blood in the capillaries of the brain, atheroma of the arteries. 
In most minute quantities, it gives rise to a partial death of 
the line delicate nerves of the duodenum, which is indicated by 
pain, either dull, severe, excruciating, but invariably relieved by 
pressure. The abdominal walls are sunken or so contracted 
that the vertebrae can be felt through them ; pulse often slowed 
to forty beats a minute ; blue line on the gums ; constipation ; 
muscular paralysis is common. 

Lead poisoning gives rise to all the symptoms of abdominal 
cancer, and is a diagnostic cloak that covers some grave errors. 
Induration of the duodenum, a definite area of hardness near 
the pylorus, with pain, nausea, vomiting, emaciation, with a 
faint icteroid tinge of the conjuctiva has often been taken for 
cancer. The rectum, if examined, showed painful spasmodic 
contraction, evident diminution in size. 

The process of recovery from lead poisoning depends much 
on the amount of saturation of the system, and the energy dis- 
played in ridding the system of the same. 

Pain demands immediate relief, the comp. conium pill,. 
quartered and one portion administered every twenty minutes, 
together with a cocain suppository and either concentrated 
ozone or jelly of violets applied over the umbilical region, 
speedily relieves pain, and creates a new era of life. 

Baths for the elimination of lead should consist of such rem- 
edies as will unite with it, and aid its exit, the sulphuret of 
potassium four ounces to about thirty gallons of water — the 
baths to be warm. There is invariably constipation, which is 
usually obstinate, and large doses of the sulphate of magnesia, 
followed by free drinking of tepid water. The sulphate of 
magnesia forms with the lead a soluble salt, which is removed 
in the feces. The pain being relieved, constipation overcome, 
a process of elimination commenced, then the iodide of po- 
tassium should be given in as large doses as can be tolerated, 
with abundance of water. The comp. saxifraga contains five- 
grains of iodide of potass, to the dram, it is one of the best 
vehicles for its administration — adding to it sufficient quantity 
to the point of tolerance. 

Comp. matricaria should always be administered in full doses 
to overcome the nervous and muscular symptoms which are- 
manifested. 



< and Dictionary of Diseases. 519 

For the paralyzed muscles, massage and electricity are the 
two next best therapeutic agents, valuable adjuvants in the 
treatment of the various forms of paralysis incidental to this 
poison — relieving the dyspepsia, insomnia and debility. The 
aid to be obtained from electricity is immense, it has a much 
wider sphere in aiding its elimination than what was originally 
supposed. Its value is now gaining a wider recognition. 

The prophylactic measures, are to avoid all food products in 
tins : all water held over night in leaden pipes or vessels ; all 
wines, like claret; to operatives in lead, inculcate hot baths of 
the sulphuret of potassium, or hydrochlorate of sodium ; drink 
freely a lemonade of aromatic sulphuric acid, fifteen drops to- 
half pint of water: change underclothing daily; exercise great 
cleanliness. 

Lead and Mercury. — Two metallic poisons when brought 
in contact with the human tissues, locally or internally, unite 
with them and have a tendency to destroy them. In order to> 
become a curative agent the remedy must unite with those 
poisons and cause their elimination from the body. 

Iodide potassium fulfills the requisite conditions of a curative 
agent in all lead and mercurial diseases, being equally efficacious 
in both. To every teaspoonful of comp. saxifraga there is in it 
five grains of iodide potass. In lead and mercurial poisoning 
the comp. saxifraga stirs up the tissues, excites their molecular 
activity, so as to enable the iodate to unite with either, form an 
inert body, which is readily taken up by the blood and evacuated 
by the various emunctories of the body. 

To still further aid the action of the iodide potass in the 
comp. saxifraga a daily warm alkaline bath, in which is in- 
corporated the sulphuret of potassium ; with this treatment both 
these metals can be readily eliminated from the body. 

As a prophylactic agent to the lodgment of lead in the body 
no remedy has yet been found to supersede the aromatic sul- 
phuric acid in fifteen-drop doses thrice daily, added to water. 

LEPROSY, THE MICROBE.— A most highly infectious 
and extremely contagious form of skin disease, due to a hybrid 
microbe, the outcome of the bacillus tuberculosis and syphilis. 

Its diagnosis rests upon the general constitutional disturb- 
ance, debility, mental depression, loss of appetite, chilliness with 
slight recurrent febrile attacks, and then a development upon 
the skin of isolated or scattered blebs of a dull red-brown color, 
tender to the touch, slightly swollen, variable in size. These 



520 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

may disappear, and then return. But in most cases we notice 
ere long a slight but peculiar change in the face which is not 
easily mistaken ; the skin of the cheeks a little below the eyes 
looks rather swollen and puckered, the nose appears somewhat 
thickened, the patient at the same time complaining of not being 
able to breathe quite freely through it, and the tone of the voice 
is a little altered in consequence; he speaks, as we commonly 
say, "through the nose/ 5 As a further and later change, very 
characteristic tubercles develop in the skin, especially on the 
face and hands; these swellings are tender on pressure, and 
they produce much thickening of the tissues, and consequent 
alteration in the features. The skin of the forehead becomes 
thickened and tuberculated, its furrows deepened and its promi- 
nences exaggerated ; this is especially the case on and over the 
eyebrows, and gives a peculiar heavy, morose expression to 
the countenance; the hair of the eyebrows is quickly lost, the 
nose becomes tumid with nodules and tubercles ; the cheeks are 
irregularly thickened; the lips hard, swollen and sometimes 
everted; the chin is nodulated, and the ears, greatly enlarged, 
stand out stiffly from the side of the head. The whole appear- 
ance is hideous and revolting. One peculiar effect of these 
changes is to make young people look middle-aged. 

Coincidently with these changes in the face the dorsal aspect 
of the hands and feet may be similarly affected; the skin be- 
comes brown, and the fingers, greatly enlarged, stand stiffly 
apart; the nails become dull, dry and fissured; some of the 
tubercles shrink and are absorbed, while others ulcerate and 
leave open sores very difficult to heal. Sooner or later the 
mucous membrane of the mouth, tongue and larynx becomes 
altered and thickened, and the voice assumes a peculiar hoarse 
whisper which is very characteristic of the disease. The eyes 
also suffer; the cornea becomes opaque, and a partial or com- 
plete loss of sight is the consequence. Coincidently with 
these visible changes in the skin and mucous membrane we find 
alterations occurring in the nerves, and leading to the formation 
of patches of completely anesthetic skin; they vary much in 
size, and are met with chiefly on the forearms, hands and feet, 
rarely on the trunk. In fact, in ordinary cases, the new growth 
and structural changes of all kinds are confined to the face, ears, 
hands, feet, forearms, legs, and mucous membrane of the mouth 
and throat. Tue ulnar nerve is particularly liable to be af- 
fected, and a nodular swelling may be easily felt just above the 
point where it crosses the elbow joint. Gradually all these 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 521 

symptoms increase, the constitution becomes greatly enfeebled, 
the temperature is commonly below normal, and the vital 
powers exhausted; sooner or later some internal complication 
arises, and the miserable sufferer is carried off by disease of the 
lungs or kidneys. 

In the blood and eruption, the microbe can be found in great 
abundance ; it consists of fine slender rods, occasionally pointed 
at both ends, some clearly motile, others not. In the secretions 
from the mouth and eyes they have a beaded appearance. They 
are best cultivated artificially on blood serum or meat juice. 

The microbe is pathogenic of the disease. Not a single 
sporadic case has ever occurred in this country, all are imported 
cases from parts of the world where it is common. 

Chian turpentine mistura, and chaulmoogra oil are the only 
two remedies which sterilize the germ. 

LEUKOCYTHEMIA.— White cell blood, a morbid condi- 
tion of the blood in which the white corpuscles are greatly in- 
creased in number while the red are much diminished, usually 
found connected with hypertrophy of the spleen. 

As to the cause of this white cell disease of the blood, we 
can lay down nothing definite. It has been assigned as a 
sequel of diseased or caked spleen in third stage of inter- 
mittent fever specially, and other malarial conditions. It is 
difficult to harmonize the alleged causes as atributable to that 
gland. We know that the spleen is a ductless gland, the great 
storehouse of red blood, that in cases of long fasting it plays 
an important part in the nutrition of the body. It acts also as 
a sort of safety valve to the heart in cases of chill or rigor, 
when there is a determination of the blood from the surface, 
and in the cold stage of ague it is greatly engorged. Whether 
this repeated congestion impairs its function if it does elevate 
or raise the white corpuscles to red we cannot say, or whether 
it is not really the poisonous action of the malarial, paludal 
and kindred germs on the blood factors that are the real source 
of the trouble. 

LEUKORRHEA (Whites). — All mucous or mucopuru- 
lent discharges from the vagina are termed leukorrhea, 
whether they be due to a damaged or relaxed condition of the 
mucous membrane of the vagina, to a catarrhal condition of the 
glands of the neck of the uterus or to intrauterine catarrh. 



522 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

All discharges from the vagina are loaded with germs, as the 
ameba, sarcinae, various streptococci. 

A mucous or mucopurulent discharge from the vulva, it may 
be either from the vagina or from the cervical neck or cavity 
of the uterus. It is generally of such a nature as to destroy the 
vitality of the spermatozoa before their ascent into the cavity 
of the uterus. In health the spermatozoa can remain active for 
a long period in the vagina, but if certain morbid conditions 
arise and there is leukorrhea, with either an acid or an alkaline 
reaction, the integrity of the spermatozoa is impaired by the 
vagina becoming unfit for their reception and transmission, and 
sterility is the necessary consequence. 

The relation of leukorrhea to sterility, the mode by which 
barrenness is produced and impregnation prevented are sub- 
jects of interest to every woman. Some women with leukor- 
rhea will conceive regularly, just as if they were free from all 
derangement of the generative organs, while many others do 
not conceive during the presence of this disorder, not sterile, 
but become fertile the moment the leukorrhea is cured. Ster- 
ility then is often the outcome of leukorrhea, which too fre- 
quently prevents the function of evolution in the ovary, and 
rendering the canal of the Fallopion tube and cavity of the 
uterus unfit for fructification of the germ. 

The administration of the ozonized wine of aletris farinosa 
will positively cure every case of leukorrhea in which it is ad- 
ministered ; it never fails. One of the best of all remedies. 

The glucoside of life-root, senecin, made into oval tablets 
and inserted into the vagina, well up, permitted to remain over 
night, is also an excellent curative agent. Pastils of nympha 
odorata, which are prescribed so extensively in Europe and 
America for prolapsus of the uterus, are of immense value in 
the cure of leukorrhea. 

Discharges from the genital organs, both simple and infec- 
tious, are very frequent in women. The notion of a neurosis 
of the plexus supplying the mucous membrane of the vagina is 
often too far-fetched, for in all cases of leukorrhea. with or 
without pruritus, there are micro-organisms present which give 
rise to local infection. These germs can be all isolated and 
classified. 

To keep the vagina healthy, free from all disease germs, 
should be the aim of every woman. For this purpose the 
senecin tablets have been placed at her disposal. By the in- 
troduction of one or two of these every evening she can keep 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 523 

the vagina aseptic, free from all forms of low organic life, even 
the most virulent. 

Factory life in the United States seems to be inimical to a 
healthy vagina, the semi-tropical climate, the insalubrious at- 
mosphere, the standing posture, all aid in relaxing and giving 
rise to an inveterate form of leukorrhea, so that every female 
operator is affected with the malady. Seven hundred mill 
hands were examined by the medical officer of a factory; 
•every one had leukorrhea, and all obtained a speedy cure by 
the introduction of the senecin tablets, and keep well by using 
the same. 

In the more aggravated forms, pruritus is a common ac- 
companiment. Some have it many years, and often all treat- 
ment seems hopeless. Many of these cases have the orifice of the 
urethra reddened and the external mucous membrane studded 
over with, pretty far back, minute soft warts which keep up 
the discharge. The application of the oil of thuja will remove 
these growths. With the arrest of microbe growth, cessation 
of the pruritus, a complete cure by the senecin tablets. Sene- 
cin as a vitalizer of the uterus and its appendages has an ex- 
tensive range of action, whether used internally or locally; 
even in cases of leukorrhea associated with vertical headaches it 
affords prompt relief. 

Remedies. — Vaginal pastils : when dependent on a consti- 
tutional defect, helonias. aletris, Pulsatilla, cinchona, hydras- 
tis, mineral acids, vaginal injections of boroglycerid daily. 

General Measures. — Improve the general health by every 
possible means, as the discharge is only evidence of debility, 
weakness of the vagina; injections with fountain syringe are 
very beneficial ; medicate with hydrastis. witch-hazel, white 
pond lily, potassium permanganate, boroglycerid ; use ozonized 
pastils. 

Leukorrhea, Infantile. — Discharge chiefly from external 
genitals ; sometimes extends up the vagina. 

There are often consideration and anxiety regarding these 
discharges in very young children. 

Ascarides, skin diseases, malnutrition, are usually the cause. 

Lotions of boroglycerid or sulphur water are usually suffi- 
cient with removal of cause. 

LICHEN. — A papular disease of the skin. There are sev- 
eral forms of lichen, all of which are characterized by the erup- 
tion, on the face, trunk, or limbs, of groups of red papules, 
which itch a good deal. A familiar form is "prickly heat.'' 



524 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

1 Treatment. — Plain, light food, a saline aperient, and alkalies 
internally. To relieve itching, a lotion of borax and vinegar is 
useful. In chronic cases a course of cacodylate of sodium is 
invaluable, never failing. 

LIFE-ROOT. — The use of alkaloid remedies deserves the 
attention and patronage of all physicians as being definite in 
their action. The alkaloid of life is a valuable germicide capa- 
ble of annihilating all the disease germs in the urethra of the 
male and the vagina of the female. 

It is best adapted for local use, as in the form of a bougie for 
the male, and a tablet or wafer for the vagina. 

The vagina is the home of fourteen different varieties of 
disease germs, six of which are pathogenic, in all of which the 
microbe can be detected in the leukorrheal discharge. In 
twelve per cent of all cases, the bacillus of tubercle is found ; 
in forty per cent, the gonococcus ; in ten per cent, the microbe 
of syphilis ; in the balance, other disease germs are found. 

The germ-laden leukorrheal discharge gives rise to. auto-in- 
fection of the affected woman by penetrating the lymph canals 
of the mucous membrane of the vagina, which communicate 
with the internal lining membrane and body of the uterus, 
giving rise to inflammation of some degree. 

The examination of the vaginal discharge is the only reliable 
method of diagnosis. 

The great aim and object of all women should be to keep the 
vagina aseptic, so as to prevent inflammation of the uterus and 
its appendages, with the sequel, sterility and cancer. 

This is easily effected by the insertion of a senecin pastil 
on retiring, which penetrates the mucous membrane, the large 
lymph vessels which run alongside the uterus and in the folds 
of the broad ligaments. 

LIGHT. — A remarkable curative agent and germicide — its 
vitalizing and bactericide properties have never been properly- 
appreciated by the medical world. 

It is true, that our present knowledge of the chemical and 
physical action of the different rays of the spectrum, and the 
influence of light and darkness on life in its highest and lowest 
manifestations is meagre; still enough is known to render it 
valuable as a therapeutic agent. 

On the three eruptive fevers it is of signal efficacy. In 
measles a darkened room, with scarlet blinds, with a lamp 
ignited with an orange yellow globe, used for artificial lights 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 525, 

causes the rash to disappear ; ameliorates all the symptoms ; pro- 
motes rapid recovery; admit light all the severity of the disease 
returns. 

In smallpox, if the patient is kept under the influence of a 
yellow light, symptoms are mild; no pitting of the exposed 
parts take place ; maintain the yellow light the micrococcus will 
die. A blue light is inimical to the microbe of scarlatina. 

A violet light completely annihilates the microbe of neuras- 
thenia; hence this light is of the greatest utility in the treat- 
ment of nervous maladies, as headaches, epilepsy, chorea, paral- 
ysis, and above all in insanity, a malady over which it exercises 
a most mitigating action. 

Exposure to the sun's rays, sunlight, is death to many disease 
germs, causes the complete destruction of the bacillus of 
typhoid fever, the tubercular bacillus and many others. 

There is a big future in sunlight as a chemical agent in gener- 
ating ozone, either in plain, colored water or in the menstrum 
of plants ; mullein oil, oil of arbor vitae, and St. Johnswort owe 
their marvelous disease curing properties to the action of 
polarized sunlight, extracting their oils, intensifying their 
germicidal action. Water in different colored bottles, set in 
sunlight becomes chemically identical with ozone water, ac- 
quires wonderful germicidal properties, and when administered 
kills the germs of diarrhea, dysentery, bubonic plague, hydro- 
phobia and leprosy. 

Light is intensified by means of glass and colored fluids, 
focused on a part loaded or infiltrated with the neoplasms of 
cancer or lupus, is effectual in causing their complete destruc- 
tion without pain. The eminent accurate observers, the cancer 
specialists of our country, are an acknowledged authority on 
this subject, and are now treating cutaneous malignant disease 
by means of light. 

LIME WATER. — Lime water when applied to suppurating^ 
or mucous surfaces, checks or stops secretion, and produces 
dryness of the parts ; hence it is a desiccant, and is useful in 
sickness and irritability of the stomach during teething. The 
power of exciting and changing the mode of action of the ab- 
sorbent vessels and glands has been ascribed to lime water, 
and probably with some foundation, for under its use glandular 
enlargements have become softer and smaller — in other words, 
it is a resolvent. It often relieves the superficial but painless 
ulceration of the mucous membrane of the mouth, observed in 



526 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

dyspepsia. In these cases one part of lime water to two or 
three of milk is usually sufficient. Given in this form it will 
often stop the most violent sickness. In some tubercular ulcers 
its power of checking secretion is most marked. Lime and 
sugar form a compound considerably more soluble in water than 
pure lime — the colder the water, the greater its power of dis- 
solving lime. 

LIVER. — The old writers on physiology considered the 
liver as performing simply the function of separating the ele- 
ments of the bile from the blood. But later investigations con- 
vince us that the liver performs three distinct functions :■ ( 1 ) 
the storing up of glycogen; (2) the oxidation of albuminoids; 
(3) the formation of bile. The liver, then, is seen to be an im- 
portant organ. In order that the liver should perform its share 
in the digestive process, it is necessary that the mastication first 
be well performed, then the digestion in the stomach performed, 
then the liver if in a healthy state can perform its function well 
also. Bad teeth, causing imperfect mastication, and that bad di- 
gestion; so imperfect assimilation may cause hepatic disturb- 
ance. The liver converts the sugar, which is found in the por- 
tal vein after digestion, into glycogen, which is a substance 
much like dextrin in its composition. It is an insoluble form 
of sugar. But for the metamorphosing action of the liver, this 
sugar would accumulate until the blood would be surcharged 
with it. But being stored up by the liver after each meal in 
this insoluble form, it is then gradually given off as the or- 
ganism requires it. The liver, then, in one sense becomes a 
fuel depository in the first function it performs. And if the 
sugar accumulates more rapidly than the liver can rehydrate, 
or change into glycogen, then it passes out through the kidneys 
and constitutes one form of glycosuria. A great many liberal 
eaters of starchy food may pass sugar in the urine in small 
quantities. But if it is found in considerable quantities, it pro- 
duces the symptoms of diabetes. If there is more sugar in the 
blood than the liver can convert into glycogen, then diabetes 
will result, and the tissues soon waste away, unless such other 
food be provided in sufficient quantities to prevent it. There 
Tnay be glycosuria, and yet there may not be any great danger, 
-as it may appear as a species of waste, but in large quantities it 
is evidence of serious disturbance in this hepatic function, 
which, if not relieved, endangers life. Diabetes is actually a 
-disturbance of the first function of the liver — that is, it is the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 527 

failure of the liver to convert the sugar into glycogen, hence it 
accumulates in the blood until the vicarious action of the kid- 
neys removes it from the blood, with other waste materials. 
The second function of the liver is the oxidation of the al- 
buminoids of the food. These albuminoids of the diet are con- 
verted into peptones by the action of the gastric and pancreatic 
juices, and from these peptones the various tissues of the or- 
ganic structure are continuously replenished and the surplus is 
formed by the action of the liver into glycogen and nitrogenized 
waste, as into leucin and tyrosin, and these are, by more com- 
plete oxidation, converted into urea and uric acid. 

The liver, likewise, burns up the worn-out blood-corpuscles 
■and the debris of the tissues more completely. The liver also 
destroys the waste albuminoids and is a great physiological pro- 
tector and preserver of the organism in three ways. ( 1 ) It 
prevents disease. It constitutes a barrier not only against 
poisons introduced with the foods, but against substances which 
result from perversion of the primary digestive processes 
in the alimentary canal, such as alkaloids of fermenta- 
tion and and putrefaction. (2) The liver combats and 
controls disease by perfecting the ultimate steps of diges- 
tion, thus furnishing nutrition and munition to the army of cells 
in their battle with microbes and toxins. (3) The liver pre- 
serves the health and hygiene of the body by directly eliminat- 
ing toxins and waste products of metabolism through the bile 
into the intestines and indirectly by furnishing the most pow- 
erful physiologic diuretic, urea, to stimulate the most important 
excretory organ, the kidney, thus aiding the complete elimina- 
tion of the waste products of normal dissimilation as well as 
the refuse resulting from the carnage in the combat of the cells 
against disease. And it is a noted fact, that when a portion 
of the liver is destroyed by cancer or abscess, the quantity of 
urea is diminished. We find the liver involved in the disorders 
which are associated with the deficient oxidation of the al- 
buminoids. If there is a large quantity of sediment in the 
urine, there is deficient oxidation, either from the fact that the 
liver is overburdened with albuminoids — that is, that there 
is an excessive quantity of food taken — or else there is deficient 
action in this organ, called biliousness, and often improperly 
drugged with the so-called cholagogucs to no purpose but to 
the increase of this condition. Excess of nitrogenized food 
may also produce lithiasis in persons whose liver is active. In 
many cases where the liver is inactive the kidneys will separate 



528 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the lithates from the blood freely, and thus depurate it, and 
thereby ward off that condition called lithiasis. In cases of 
lithiasis the quantity of albuminoids should be diminished to the 
smallest amount that will actually supply the wants of the tis- 
sues. A diet consisting of hydrocarbons, without nitrogen, will 
not produce lithiasis ; but if the diet contain excess of hydro- 
carbons and albuminoids, then lithiasis may readily occur. 
Hydrocarbons oxidize very slowly when combined with nitro- 
gen. Hence the oxidizible hydrocarbons burn readily and con- 
sume the oxygen of the blood, and leave the albuminoids im- 
perfectly. In hot climates if the albuminoids are freely eaten 
the liver, sooner or later, is apt to become diseased. Tropical 
liver diseases, and functional disorder of it in all climates, are 
associated with the second function more than with the first 
function of that organ. Rich food, such as contains sugar or 
fat, causes liver disturbances by impaired oxidation of the 
nitrogenized elements of the food ; especially will this be the 
result where the meals are excessive and contain the albumin- 
oids in excess also. 

The bile which the liver produces is secreted under very low 
pressure, and a very slight obstruction indeed is sufficient to 
prevent its exit from the bile-duct into the intestine. Its ex- 
pulsion is usually aided by mechanical compression, because the 
liver lies directly under the diaphragm (or midriff), and dur- 
ing exercise it is compressed between this muscle on the one 
side and the abdominal organs on the other ; these are pressed up 
against it by the muscles of the body's walls. But this exercise, 
in order to be efficacious, requires to be brisk. When a person 
is sitting at rest, or even walking slowly along a level road, the 
abdominal muscles yield as the diaphragm descends, and so 
little or no compression is exerted on the liver. In running, in 
climbing, in jumping, in vigorous efforts of any kind, the con- 
ditions are different ; the abdominal muscles and diaphragm are 
frequently brought into action at the same time, and thus com- 
pression of the liver is effected ; thus a quarter of an hour's ex- 
ercise at lawn-tennis, at cricket, at boating, or, perhaps, even 
better in riding, is more efficacious in stirring up the liver than 
an hour and a half, or even more, of a languid constitutional 
walk. 

Such is the treatment that ought to be adopted, if possible : 
but where circumstances render exercise impracticable, the plan 
is to lessen the quantity of animal food and to increase the 
action of the liver by hepatic stimulants. The mere sipping of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 529 

water is a stimulant of this sort; not only has it the extra- 
ordinary action upon the circulation already mentioned, but it 
increases the quantity of bile, and causes it to be secreted under 
a greater pressure, so much so that it will overcome an ob- 
struction to its entrance to the intestine, such as would other- 
wise have stopped its flow. A glass of Carlsbad water sipped 
hot in the morning during dressing is very useful also, and if 
necessary, recourse may be had to the powerful liver stimulants. 

LOCAL ANESTHESIA.— Many medicaments are now in 
use for the production of local anesthesia, besides the evan- 
escent ether and rigolin. Very many of these have been in- 
troduced by the Germans from our own coal, and sent here to 
soothe the aches and pains of the Yankee, and at the same time 
paralyze his heart. In a very extensive clinical experience I 
have prescribed them all to their fullest extent, but none of them 
has served my purpose so well as the jelly of violets, a natural 
product without a rival as a means of allaying excruciating 
pain. Digesting all the advantages and disadvantages of the 
coal-tar derivatives, heart-paralysis, and recent synthetical com- 
pounds, jelly of violets excels all ; besides it is a germicide, non- 
toxic, prompt in action, penetrating deeply, arrests inflamma- 
tory action wherever it exists. It neither affects the heart nor 
disorders the nervous system. 

It is a typical local anesthetic, and so highly antiseptic that it 
prevents fermentation and even putrefaction. Permanent solu- 
tions can be formed with it, and can be combined with other 
remedies which render it of great efficacy in many diseases, such 
as ulcers, chancres, and especially in cancer. 

Painted on in its full strength, it will efface pain from twelve 
to twenty-four hours. Many successful cases of cancer of the 
stomach might be cited, in which the jelly in a papoid solution 
has effected brilliant results. 

LOCK-JAW. — The medulla oblongata, the seat of reflex ac- 
tion, having its vitality in some way impaired, any peripheral 
irritation may, if of sufficient intensity, give rise to spasmodic 
action, and to the evolution of a germ peculiar to the partial 
death of that tissue, which in the progress of growth excretes 
a most deadly toxin, which causes irritation of all weakened 
nerves, such as the nerves that supply the muscles of the jaws 
(constituting trismus) ; the nerves that supply the muscles of 
• the back (opisthotonos) : the nerves that supply the anterior 



530 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

muscle of the chest and abdomen (emprosthotonos) ; the nerves 
of one side (pleurothotonos), more or less violent according to 
the loss of vitality, 

Some claim that the microbe is to be found in garden earth, 
especially in spring and fall, that it finds an entrance into the 
bodies of men and domestic animals, through some abrasion or 
lacerated wound — coming directly under the class of infectious 
and contagious maladies. 

Lobelia orally, subutaneously and by enemata ; maintain pro- 
found relaxation for seventy-two hours, till the micorbe dies. 

LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA.— The so-called Christian world 
and would-be philanthropists are in trouble over the general 
increase of suicides. The cause is easily traceable to mastur- 
bation and sexual excesses, which produce high tension of the 
cerebral circulation, with consequent mental instability, leading' 
to self-destruction. 

But why overlook a more prolific source of self-destruction, 
where the effect is not so severe and rapid, but where the power 
of mental concentration is gone, memory feeble, diminished 
vision, impaired hearing, with pains in the head and heart, 
nervous system drained out. 

Lightning pains in the legs, ptosis where the pupil does not 
contract to light, but accommodation, optic atrophy, sensory- 
disturbance, in which hot articles appear cold, or vice versa; 
anesthesia of the soles of the feet, ;if he shuts his eyes, totters and 
falls, marked inco-ordination, ataxic gait, impotency, gastric- 
crisis and loss of motor power. 

Why overlook this malady, Locomotor Ataxia, which is rot- 
ting the very vitals of our nation — a pathological condition, in 
which the peripheral nerves and posterior roots of the spinal 
cord are degenerated — in which the posterior columns of the 
cord are sclerotic, in both the dorsal and lumbar regions, and 
its membranes in a state of active inflammation. 

Outside of sexual excesses and the ptomain of syphilis, 
locomotor ataxia is caused by the toxin of influenza, which in 
all cases has a disastrous effect upon the nervous system. This 
ptomain induces changes in the spinal cord of an inflamma- 
tory character. The toxins of measles, scarlatina, smallpox, 
and typhoid fever, penetrate the substance of the cord and in- 
duce pathological changes often overlooked. 

Up to date, the treatment of ataxia has merely been a pro- 
fessional blunder. Great hopes are entertained of the organic- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 531 

extracts, whether the thyroid extract which cures myxedema, 
idiocy, feeblemindedness, incurable cutaneous affections, cancer, 
all human defects is available here. Can it also rectify this 
abnormal condition? My experience, with it has been some- 
what meagre, only a few cases. 

I must state that it certainly retards the disease. These few 
cases were placed upon the thyroid ; to some it was administered 
daily, to others every other day. 

At the same time, all the cases were placed upon the comp. 
saxifraga ozonized, a wonderful remedy to change the sen- 
tient and motor cells of brain and cord, while the guaiacol plas- 
ter was applied and kept on as much as possible over the dorsal 
and lumbar portion of the spine. 

To my professional brothers who have cases of ataxia on 
hand, try the thyroid and saxifraga treatment. They have 
greatly benefited my patients, and so will they yours; and if 
not essentially curative, they retard its onward progress, and 
make a decided change for the better ; such a change as is worth 
living for. 

LONGEVITY. — Three score years and ten is the mean 
duration of life, but the average man is not satisfied with this, 
and engrosses his mind with ideas of prolongation. No doubt 
longevity is attainable by avoidance of all insanitary conditions; 
by the observance of hygienic rules ; by the avoidance of dele- 
terious or adulterated food. 

The principal causes of death are accidents ; disease ; old age. 

With our modern civilization, accidents are more common; 
disease less and less fatal ; excesses greater and more frequent, 
which give rise to a premature curtailment of human vigor. 

Old age, or physiological ossification, in which there is a 
deposit of calcareous matter on the walls of blood-vessels and 
the valves of the heart. 

These elements are found in food, chiefly, however, in the 
water consumed; and it may be accepted as a truism that if 
after puberty is reached, only distilled water were used, it 
would lengthen the mean duration of life at least twenty years. 

Auto-intoxication, due to imperfect elimination of the waste 
products. 

The body in health is the theatre of change, of metamorphosis 
of tissue, incessant destruction and rebuilding, and it is of vital 
importance that the debris should be promptly and thoroughly 
removed. Nature has provided several avenues by which the 



532 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

•waste may be removed from the body, the principal being the 
skin, the lungs, and the intestinal canal. The latter is infinitely 
more important than the others, since by it the waste products 
of digestion are expelled. t If it fails to promptly fulfill its office, 
every vital function is interfered with; and in addition, the 
fluid portion is absorbed into the circulation, re-depositing in 
the very fountain of life effete substances inimical to the econ- 
omy. Should the system, while in this condition, be exposed 
to a chill, a congestion of the surface excretory vessels takes 
place and practically the whole work of elimination is thrown 
upon the already hard-worked kidneys, frequently resulting in 
uremic poisoning and death. 

Besides eliminating the waste material, daily bathing, mas- 
sage, flannel clothing, and eight hours of repose — it is in these 
we have the secret of longevity. 

Statistics show that small meat-eaters, abstainers from stim- 
ulants — avoidance of all excitement and worry — are the long- 
est livers. 

But it is very doubtful if those who live a feverish, hurry- 
scurry life can, unless they have very excellent constitutions 
and not often then, ever live a hundred years. Seventy-five 
or eighty years ought to content the majority of mankind, until 
we are able to live rationally. 

Eight hours' sleep. 

Sleep on your right side. 

Keep your bedroom window open all night. 

Have a mat to your bedroom door. 

Do not have your bedstead against the wall. 

No cold tub in the morning, but a bath at the temperature 
of the body. 

Exercise before breakfast. 

Eat little meat and see that it is cooked. 

(For adults) drink no milk. 

Eat plenty of fat, to feed the cells which destroy disease 
germs. 

Avoid intoxicants, which destroy those cells. 

Daily exercise in open air. 

Allow no pet animals in your living rooms. They are apt to 
carry about disease germs. 

Live in the country, if you can. 

Watch the three Ds — drinking water, damp, and drains. 

Have change of occupation. 

Take frequent and short holidays. 

Limit vour ambition. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 533 

Early senility of the nervous system is due chiefly to cardiac 
and arterial degeneration, and is seen chiefly in the male sex. 
Its prophylaxis is to be sought in bodily and mental activity 
and moderation in living. It is very often hereditary, and in 
such cases treatment should be commenced early in life, about 
the twentieth year. Habitual moderation in eating and drink- 
ing should be enjoined, with a fair amount of athletic exercise 
in the open air, taken regularly and systematically. If pos- 
sible, one whole day weekly should be spent in the open air. 
but fatigue should be avoided. Great moderation in eating 
and in the use of alcohol is especially necessary. Excess in 
tobacco and in the sexual functions should be avoided. The 
hours spent in sleep should not exceed eight out of the twenty- 
four, and after fifty years of age five or six hours are enough. 
Early rising conserves the intellectual energy. It is especially 
important to maintain a good flow of spirits and to avoid 
habitual ennui, low spirits, or depressing emotions. The ab- 
sence of occupation, such as follows retiring from business, 
often precipitates the changes inevitable to old age. Hence, 
in every case, some "hobby" should be indulged. 

LUMBAGO. — An undefined malady, in which we have an 
excess of uric acid in the blood, the toxin of the bacillus 
amylobacta of rheumatism infiltrating the sheaths of the mus- 
cles of the back, blocking up the kidneys and permeating origin 
of the sciatic nerve. 

When the muscles of the back are the parts affected there 
is a dull, dragging pain and some soreness, at times, and efforts 
to move the spinal column in any direction cause sharp 
paroxysms of pain. The patient, on standing, is obliged to 
bend forward, and efforts to stand upright, or pick objects from 
the ground, are rendered almost impossible on account of the 
suffering which they cause. 

The remedies of most utility in lumbago are such as are 
most serviceable in chronic rheumatism : comp. saxifraga 
simabicidia, pric acid solvent, tinct. cimicifuga racemosa. 

Much amelioration follows the application of a large guai- 
acol plaster over the loins, and over this a large stout ban- 
dage of flannel. The relief following this plan of treatment 
is immediate and almost miraculous. 

LUNGS, DISEASES OF THE.— These diseases are only 
too common in this country, and are in most part due to the 



534 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

damp, cold climate, sudden vicissitudes and also in no small, 
degree to overcrowding. 

The lungs are liable to general constitutional diseases, such 
as cancer, hydatids, syphilis, etc. Tuberculosis in man almost 
always affects the lungs, giving rise to Phthisis Pulmonalis. 
The bronchial tubes may undergo catarrhal changes and in- 
flammation, and this is called Bronchitis, which is described 
elsewhere. The lung tissue itself is diseased in cases of in- 
flammation of lungs, or Pneumonia, and may become passively 
congested as a result of other diseases, as in heart disease. 
When the membrane (the pleura) lining the chest wall and cov- 
ering the lungs becomes inflamed, we have the disease known 
as Pleuritis, or Pleurisy. 

Lung Cavities. Micrococcus Tetragenus. — Vomica, or 
caverns in the substance of the lung are very common as the 
result of the massing of large numbers of the tubercular bacilli 
into one spot. The actinomyces make fearful havoc in the 
lung and leave large cavities. The venereal bacillus also does 
effective work ; the pneumococcus does not possess this faculty 
to a great degree. 

On the walls of all lungs diseased and cavities, in the sputum, 
the micrococcus tetragenus is ever present. 

The presence of this microbe in the lungs gives ries to grave 
symptoms ; its excretion of ptomains of the most toxical kind 
seems to be unlimited and of the most deadly character. 

Grave affections of the lungs frequently commence either 
with an ordinary cold in the head and chest, nasal catarrh, 
laryngitis and bronchitis — conditions which are decidedly com- 
mon. 

Lungs weakened from or by any condition often become the 
abode, the receptacle of disease germs, provided they be in the 
blood or air breathed. By preference they penetrate the sub- 
stance of the lung, and into this they aggregate in masses and 
form nests, technically termed vomica or caverns. 

The tubercular bacilli possess this faculty of aggregation in a 
most remarkable degree; the actinomycosis comes next, mak- 
ing great havoc, immense cavities ; the venereal bacillus fre- 
quently gives no exceedingly large formations; the pneumo- 
coccus has little tendency to form isolated masses, but it mi- 
grates, forms infiltrations. Whatever be the microbe that 
makes up the vomica, and it has been once expectorated, on the 
walls of all such cavities, in the breath, in the sputum, the mi- 
crococcus tetragenus is ever found. Cultures injected into any 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 535 

mammalia give us the characteristic symptoms and precise 
pathological condition. 

The evolution of this microbe on the walls of the vomica — 
its extremely rapid growth, toxins most deadly, the product 
of bacterial growth, thrown off in an unlimited degree — give 
rise to putrescency, fetor of breath, diarrhea, hectic, profound 
prostration. 

It has been customary in clinical teaching to classify all 
vomicas as being due to tuberculosis ; the time has now arrived 
when very many cases can be diagnosed as either syphilitic or 
due to actinomycosis. 

LUPUS. — A very chronic skin disease, which, if left un- 
treated, causes disfigurement, the features being, as it were, 
eaten away. Hence the name lupus, eaten by a wolf, supposed 
to be a hybrid germ. 

There are two chief forms of lupus, in both of which the skin 
is infiltrated with new cells and the blood-vessels altered. 
They are Lupus Vulgaris and Lupus Erythematosus. 

The latter is a purely local affection. It attacks adults, and 
consists of several red, elevated patches on the face. These 
patches become slightly scaly, and the openings to the glands 
are seen to be dilated. On healing there is left a slight super- 
ficial scar. 

Lupus Vulgaris is a more serious complaint, for it is one of 
the terrible tubercular diseases. It appears first during child- 
hood, just before puberty. It generally begins at the corners 
of the nose with the formation of gelatinous-looking tubercles, 
red in color, with some scabbing. The disease gradually 
spreads, and the tubercles either disappear, leaving a scar (non- 
exedens variety), or else they ulcerate (exedens variety) and 
cause great destruction of tissue. The disease is very chronic. 

The eruption is nearly all made up of tubercular matter, 
swells, forms considerable thickening, devoid of moisture; in 
the more aggravated form, the tubercular patches ulcerate, 
causing deep excoriations and cicatrices, eating in all directions. 

Lupoid ulceration is sometimes met with in the labia of pros- 
titutes and the scrotum of males. 

Recent treatment consists in first brushing it over with pure 
formalin, poulticing a few days till the eschar separates, then 
dusting on formal gelatin, to form a scab, under which, if the 
constitutional treatment be pushed, it will heal. 

The treatment, which has been successful, is the same as 



536 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tuberculosis : matricaria for appetite, protonuclein to cause 
leukocytosis; c. p. solution spernim, thyroid extract, glycerite 
of ozone. Most nutritious diet. Some cases successfully 
cured with jelly of violets. 

LYCOPODIUM. — The yellow spores of Lycopodium clo- 
valium, commonly called club-moss. 

Therapeutic Uses. — A microbicide of the highest order, of 
great efficacy in boils, skin affections, catarrh, dysentery, 
leukorrhea. 

Preparations and Doses. — Tincture, 10 to 15 drops every 
three hours. 

MALARIA, THE MICROBE.— In all countries where the 
atmospheric temperature exceeds 80 degrees F., there is an 
evolution of the microbe of malaria from all decaying vegetable 
matter, a germ which is liable to enter the blood of man and 
animals, chiefly through the salivary glands of the mouth, 
bronchi, mucous membrane and skin. 

These micro-organisms once in the blood, enter the interior 
of the red corpuscles, live in them, receive their nourishment 
from them, ultimately using them up in their own growth and 
nutrition. 

Once the microbe of malaria occupies a red disc, it gradually 
usurps the entire corpuscle, and enters upon a new era of ex- 
istence, during which segmentation commences, spores are 
formed, set free and forming a new germ — the activity of 
growth depending upon the degree of vitality in the germ-sat- 
tirated individual. 

The entrance of this micro-organism into the blood is char- 
acterized by a special type of fever, periodic in character, with 
three distinct stages — a cold, a hot and sweating. Each may 
last but a few minutes to several hours ; in many cases, one or 
more may be absent. 

Truly, the fever is periodic, that is, it may come on every day 
at a definite hour (quotidian) ; or every other day (tertian) ; 
or every third day (quartan) ; during the interval between, pa- 
tient comparatively well. 

The explanations offered by bacteriologists as to fre- 
quency of occurrence and periodicity are. : The degree of vital 
force of the individual and sprouting of the germ as to stages, 
that the chill, rigor or cold stage represents the segmentation, 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 537 

the setting free of spores; the fever to their maturity and dis- 
semination of the products of growth, toxins. 

An examination of the blood during the interval or intermis- 
sion shows a quiescent stage of the germ, no segmentation; 
that during the rigor the sprouting or shedding process begins, 
because free spores are then found. 

The microbe of malaria is pathogenic of disease, isolated it 
will grow in any nutrient fluid, cultures injected into animals 
will reproduce the affection. 

The best prophylactic measures are a very high standard of 
health attained by massage, bathing, high-graded diet; avoid- 
ing all excesses ; sleep in upper stories ; open fire places ; remain 
in doors after sundown; keep bowels regular, and, above all, 
keep the mouth shut when exposed out of doors in all malarial 
zones. 

After a succession of very unhealthy years, due chiefly to ex- 
traordinary seasonel and meteorological conditions, the ma- 
larial germ has attained the power of being slowly communi- 
cable in an indirect manner from person to person, so much so 
that an intensified form* of malarial fever has been visible fol- 
lowing attacks of epidemic influenza. When convenient, seg'- 
regation of cases in infected sites is desirable to eradicate the 
germ and protect all new-comers and the unacclimatized. Dis- 
infection of houses should be performed in the winter months, 
when infection is at its minimum. 

A condition of neurasthenia is most favorable for the ingress 
of all disease germs, and in particular the malarial; and if a 
very decided and energetic treatment be not resorted to, it very 
speedily disorganizes the blood-discs often beyond the power 
of recuperation — induces structural changes in vital organs, as 
the brain. 

In North America, from Canada to Mexico, we have a hisfhlv 
oxygenized atmosphere, teeming with the malarial germ, and 
are in no ways dependent for its propagation upon the "mos- 
quito.'' Solar heat, acting upon decaying vegetable matter, 
gives us the evolution. Any individual who has the slightest 
poverty of nerve force is liable to become its victim, have it 
enter the blood-stream and grow according to the defective 
vitality of its host. 

Now the theory upon which eminent physicians act is 
that the microbe must be annihilated in the blood, eradicated be- 
fore embolism takes place in the brain and blood-vessels — be- 
fore leukocvthemia sets in. 



538 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

That body, the leading physicians of North America, cure 
malaria by the administration of the concentrated tincture of 
kurchicin ozonized. 

The type of fever is ascertained, stomach cleansed, bowels 
opened, skin bathed and stimulated, the patient placed in the 
recumbent position in bed; three hours before the rigor, one 
teaspoonful of tincture is then given, and subsequently another 
every hour, so that three be taken before the chill. Even if 
this be successful, it should be repeated seven consecutive days. 
Neither water nor any liquid pabulum upon which the microbe 
could subsist should be permitted while taking the kurchicin. 
It is essentially a curative drug. 

Upon this remedy we stand, for it rarely disappoints us, but 
when the microbe is either the evolution from the turning over 
of the virgin soil, or the rice swamps, or the upheaval of large 
rivers, paludal poison, tincture of green root of gelsemium and 
ozonized passiflora must be also administered and the kurchicin 
given steadily according to the directions of the physician in 
attendance. This is the usual method in dengue, remittent, 
bilious remittent and relapsing fevers, keeping liver active, to 
work off the toxins as they accumulate in the blood. 

If the kurchicin suppository be used instead of the tincture, 
first wash out the rectum four hours before the rigor, permit 
its contents to pass, then insert one every hour until six are 
utilized. 

The next most reliable remedy to cause annihilation of the 
germ is Warburg's tincture, a good germicide. 

Sulphate of quinine, always in solution by the addition of 
aromatic sulphuric acid, so as to form a bisulphate. Never 
administer either in pills or tablets, which are a miserable sub- 
terfuge ; a suppository is often efficacious. 

These are the most successful elements of a treatment, which 
meets with universal success in arresting the growth of the 
germ in the human blood, in staying the pathological conditions 
which entail so much misery on the human race. 

Following, the breaking up of this, the first stage of microbic 
existence, the patient, for a few months, should take some tonic 
strongly imbued with microbicide properties. Any of the fol- 
lowing would fulfill the indications : Good old port wine, one 
quart; pulverized Peruvian and wild cherry bark, of each one 
ounce; half an ounce of coarsely-ground cinnamon and cloves; 
one dram of nutmeg and one of capsicum; one tablespoonful of 
table salt and one of the milk of sulphur; mix. Shake well 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 539 

every hour for half a dozen times. It is then ready for use. 
Dose, from one teaspoonful to a tablespoonful as indicated, at 
least every three hours. 

Another excellent formula which will bring the malarial mi- 
crobe to bay is : To one bottle of good old port wine add two 
drams of sulphate of quinine dissolved in one and a half ounces 
of aromatic sulphuric acid ; two ounces of Peruvian bark very 
coarsely ground; two drams of cloves, one teaspoonful of 
capsicum; mix. From one to two tablespoonfuls every three 
hours. 

Kephalin granules kill the malarial germ, first, by producing 
leukocytosis, and second, in raising the standard of the blood 
discs so greatly that the microbe is literally smothered out. 

In chronic malaria, when properly understood and appreci- 
ated, the alcoholic bath is invaluable in malarial poisoning. It 
accomplishes much, soothes the irritated nerves, aids in elimina- 
tion of toxins and waste material. It equalizes the circulation, 
relieves congestion of both brain and spleen. It vitalizes and 
purifies the blood-stream. It is a rebuilder of tissue, hastens 
metamorphosis. 

The primary action of the heat is to relax the tissues, invite a 
more even distribution of the blood. Every organ is quick- 
ened ; secretion and excretion become active, sluggish lungs re- 
gain energy, the cloudy brain clear, its pristine activity re- 
instated. An alcoholic vapor bath affords the most perfect 
system of sewerage of the human body. 

The secondary action resulting from sweating, is, the heart is 
relieved by lessening the volume of the blood, dilating the 
peripheral arterioles; water from the blood, containing waste 
toxical elements, is expelled. Torpidity gives place to activity. 
No vitality is extracted, but much gained by the reflex stimula- 
tion. The effect of the hot-air treatment is good to purify the 
blood, and places the patient on a higher plane to resist the in- 
gress of germs. 

The following are the leading opinions regarding this mi- 
crobe : 

The skin, the bronchial mucous membrane, but more espe- 
cially the salivary glands of the mouth and the absorbent of the 
stomach, are the mode of ingress by or through air and water 
that these microbes reach the blood ; not so often by the mos- 
quito. From the germ-laden air or water they will enter the 
blood, if vital force be low ; they will imbed themselves in the 
red corpuscles and cause crescentic pigmentation of the blood, 



540 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

with segmentation of the germ; if vital force be high, even nor- 
mal, they will be repelled. 

The blood of man and domestic animals in whom the micro- 
organisms of malaria have entered, have the disease germ en- 
ter the interior of the red discs, in which they undergo changes, 
sprout, develop, grow. 

In their first attack upon the red corpuscles, they are of an 
ameboid form and cause crescentic pigmentation. 

As they grow older they assume the flagellated form, which 
is the adult condition of the germ. Any one can readily verify 
the fact by drawing a drop of blood from any part of the body ; 
place it in the field of a microscope of 2500 diameters; take a 
drop in the cold stage, and the ameboid pigmentation will be 
seen ; take a drop in stage of decline, and the flagellate protozoa 
are present in millions in a case of ordinary quotidian. 

The germs crowd the capillary vessels of the brain and the 
blood-forming glands, as the spleen, suprarenal capsules, pink 
marrow of bones, lymphatics. These, in chronic cases, are 
filled with dark granules, flagellate organisms, with an undulat- 
ing fin-like membrane, highly polymorphic. 

In the tertian, quartan type, and in the comatose pernicious- 
forms, the germs are most numerous and most destructive to 
the red corpuscles. 

x\n interesting practical point is still unsolved, which is. 
whether the micro-organism from decaying vegetable matter, 
when it enters the blood, coalesces with and destroys the red 
discs, or whether the microbe produces a special degradation of 
living matter, changes it into the microbe, causing destructive 
metamorphosis of the red corpuscles. One thing is certain, 
that the micro-organism is pathogenic of the disease, that all 
attempts at the culture of the germ outside of the blood have 
so far failed. 

The influence of sulphate of quinine, or Warburg's tincture, 
or the concentrated tincture of kurchicin, are definite on the 
organisms. Either one of those remedies causes those pig- 
mented bodies to disappear, provided three or four full doses 
are administered before the paroxysm. The kurchicin acts as 
a positive specific. 

Many valuable germicides, as thallin, kairn, antifebrin, anti- 
pyrin, have no effect on the microbe whatever. 

The germ of malarial fevers is an organic germ floating in 
the air we breathe, and capable of introduction into our bodies 
through the food we eat or the water we drink. The patho- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 54 r 

logical effects of the germ upon the human organism are pro- 
tean in their forms, varying from the intense saturation of the 
system to the slightest degree. No organ in the body escapes 
the influence of the germ. 

These remedies exercise a special curative action, killing the 
germ and rendering the blood unfit for its reception, growth 
and development. 

The parasite of malaria causes a diminution of the red cor- 
puscles of the blood. The time of sporulation corresponds to 
the rigor; its climax of development coincides with the maxi- 
mum temperature, at which period it breaks up into spores, 
which rapidly invade other corpuscles. The integrity or non- 
integrity of the vital force of the germ-smitten parent has much 
to do in the production of grade or type of case. 

Whatever remedy is prescribed for the annihilation of this 
parasite should always be given in three distinct doses, at proper 
intervals before the rigor. 

The rectal treatment with me is a grand success. Wash out 
the rectum with a copious injection of a warm solution of boro- 
glycerid two hours prior to the chill ; after it passes insert one 
suppository kurchicin, in half an hour another, then another. 
If properly performed usually never another chill. Repeat for 
three days. 

Of all disease germs to which man is liable, there is really 
none so great a breeder of disease and death as malaria. It 
shatters the brain, devitalizes the spleen, liver and kidneys, 
wrecks the finer nature of our existence. 

Good, strong, vital force, the essential elements of a hardy 
race, cannot prevent the entrance of this microbe in water, in 
air, and otherwise into our bodies, but such a state can retard 
its growth, maintain its latency; whereas, overwork, exhaus- 
tion, meagre food, exposure to solar heat, derangement of the 
hepatic function, or irritation of the hepatic vasomotor nerves, 
favor its growth if it once has found an ingress. 

The liver has a peculiar function with regard to the ptomains- 
of all disease germs, retaining, destroying, or utilizing them in 
its metabolism. The latency of the malarial germ depends 
much upon the retention of the germ in the liver, until some 
functional derangement permits their access to the circulation. 

For the complete annihilation of the malaria, either in a 
latent or active state, -our readers will find the following plan 
of treatment unexcelled for efficacy : 

Give six grains periodate aurum on the tongue. If germ is 



542 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

active, follow three hours before the rigor with one teaspoon- 
ful of concentrated tincture kurchicin; one hour later another 
teaspoonful, and a few minutes before, another. The very nature 
of the germ being algid, no water must be given. This not only 
kills the germ, but at the same time increases the phagocytic 
action of the blood. 

As a safeguard, this treatment should be repeated for a few 
successive occasions. The organism must be destroyed in the 
blood; if not, it will exhaust itself by other channels. As a 
rule it reacts favorably to this treatment. 

There has been lately much discussion regarding the types 
of malarial fever. 

As we find it in this country, there is only one germ, one 
parasite which enters the body in three different stages of devel- 
opment, giving rise to three distinctive types of fever — quo- 
tidian, tertian, quartan — the respective stage of germ growth 
can be detected in the blood of all malarial patients prior to 
the rigor; the relationship is clear between the amebic, the 
sporulating and crescentic varieties of the Plasmodium. 

One thing is certain, that if the concentrated tincture of 
kurchicin be properly administered to any one infected by this 
microbe, the germ in any or all its stages will die. 

Excellent results are obtained by prescribing three teaspoon- 
fuls of the con. tincture of kurchicin in three doses, during 
the hour prior to the chill. If the stomach is irritable, three 
or four drams per rectum has a decided action. 

There is only one species of the malarial parasite which is 
polymorphous, presenting slight differences in structural char- 
acter in the different types of this fever. 

In the quotidian form the parasite is of small size, even be- 
fore sporulation takes place in the centre of the red corpuscle, 
and passes through its cycle of development in twenty-four 
hours. 

In the tertian form the cycle of development is forty-eight 
hours, the parasite larger, occupies more of the red corpuscle. 

In the quartan form the cycle of development is seventy-two 
hours. In the three forms the microbe is the same structure, 
modified by conditions of growth and segmentation. The in- 
vasion of the red corpuscles of the blood takes place in every 
type. All have a malignant tendency, all penetrate the central 
capillaries, and the meshes of glandular organs are filled with 
them. 

There are many methods of treatment, of complete annihila- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 543 

tion of the parasite in the blood encapsulated in the red discs. 
These modes of cure it is unnecessary to describe, although suc- 
cessful, as they do not harmonize with modern ideas and facil- 
ities. 

The malarial parasite is too well known, its peculiarities and 
growth too clearly elucidated in the minds of all educated 
American physicians, for any charlatan to try either an ex- 
pectant or specific fraud upon it. The entire treatment is nar- 
rowed down to two remedies, either cinchona or its alkaloids, 
or kurchicin, administered either orally or per rectum. The 
dose to do the work is all important, the method of adminis- 
tration something. Pills, tablets, insoluble compounds must 
be discarded, and whichever remedy used should be in a liquid 
form and warm, and three distinct doses should be given before 
the rigor, beginning one or two or three hours ahead. 

Synthetical quinine is a fraud, never should be administered, 
the pure alkaloid from the Peruvian is the article ; a few grains 
dissolved by the acid of the juice of one lemon in a teacup filled 
with Mocha coffee answers well. If the concentrated kurchicin 
is used, teaspoonful doses in tepid water. If the rectal method 
is to be tried, the bowels must be thoroughly evacuated by some 
saline and enemata used to cleanse out the rectum and three 
distinct doses, suppositories inserted, at distinct intervals prior 
to the rigor. 

MALE FERN. — This invaluable anthelmintic consists of 
an ethereal extract of oleoresin extracted from the rhizome. 
This is the only preparation fit for medicinal use — it is a thick, 
dark-green liquid, has the odor of the fern — nauseous, bitterish, 
acrid to the taste. On standing, a granular, crystalline sub- 
stance appears on the surface, which is the active ingredient, 
and should not be separated. 

Dose from 30 to 60 grains is the proper quantity, adminis- 
tered in capsules. 

If capsules are not acceptable, it may be administered con- 
veniently in the following combination : Ethereal extract male 
fern 60 grains, rubbed up in mucilage of gum acacia one ounce. 
To be taken at a dose, followed by copious drinks of slippery 
elm. Castor oil to be taken two hours afterwards. 

MALIGNANT EDEMA.— A fatal disease of animals, 
communicated to man, by contagion and infection, closely re- 
sembles the anthrax bacilli, but differs a little by their greater 
breadth, habits, and peculiar segmentation. 



544 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The edema bacilli are apparently extremely widely distri- 
buted in our surroundings. They appear to be present in al- 
most all decomposing substances in greater or less numbers, 
and they perhaps also take a definite though limited part in the- 
putrefactive process. As is shown by the behavior of the pure 
cultivations, the edema bacilli have the power of energetically 
peptonizing albumen, and possibly also of further breaking up 
the albuminous molecule. A more accurate analysis of the 
nature of the decomposition is as yet wanting, at all events the 
edema bacilli pass through their characteristic cycle of develop- 
ment as saprophytes. In accordance with this, we find them 
in the most putrid substances, in the bodies of animals which 
have died of suffocation and have then been kept at a high 
temperature, in the feces, and in the intestinal contents; their 
spores are present in every specimen of earth which has been 
impregnated with putrid fluids, etc. ; they are also found in the 
dust of rooms, in the dust of rags, of hay, etc. 

At the same time, also, the edema bacilli possess pathogenic 
properties, and by means of these their presence can be most 
easily demonstrated, and they can be most readily isolated from 
the mixture of other saprophytes. 

Many sudden and mysterious deaths take place from the con- 
sumption of putrid meat and fish, and microbial sausage- 
There is no degree of vital force so great that can afford im- 
munity against the ptomain alkaloids. 

MAMMARY GLANDS.— Mastitis.— Acute inflamma- 
tion of the breast is ushered in with swelling, tenderness, rigors 
and fever. 

Suppuration is indicated by additional rigors ; usually occurs 
during lactation. 

Remedies. — Aconite, belladonna, bryonia; passiflora, open 
the bowels freely; give comp. conium pill. 

General Measures. — As soon as hardness appears, poultice 
with linseed meal, and change every three hours ; while chang- 
ing rub the breast with ozone ointment and extract of bella- 
donna, from the circumference to the centre. Keep this up 
during the night; smear the breast with concentrated ozone. 
and apply poultice; keep the breast firmly pressed. If ab- 
scesses form, open in the most depending part. 

Chronic Inflammation. — Is generally limited to a few 
lobes, which swell and become hard ; not much pain; put bella- 
donna, rubbed up in ozone ointment, during the day, and con- 
centrated ozone over night ; cover with oiled silk. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 545 

Atrophy and Hypertrophy of the Mammary Glands. 
— Defective nutrition is the common cause of atrophy, which is 
best remedied by tonics, most nutritious diet and the applica- 
tion of the saw-palmetto ointment to the atrophied gland ; fric- 
tion and electricity being of little utility. 

Hypertrophy is an increase in volume of the organ from an 
excess of nutrition of its constituent parts, which in other re- 
spects retain their normal character and consistency — there is 
really no enlargement of all the normal constituents, but mor- 
bid products, adventitious tissue, are thrown out in its texture, 
such as fatty or lipomatous cells. 

To correct this condition of enlargement, from whatever 
cause, the ozonized pokeberry juice, rubbed up either in ozone 
or resorcin ointment, spread on cloths and kept applied to the 
entire gland, day and night, is much more effectual than all 
preparations of iodine or mercury. The application, bound 
firmly on, not in any way to interfere with respiration, spread 
fresh morning and night and persevered with for some months, 
never fails in effecting the result. 

Mastodynia. — Neuralgia, in a perfectly developed fe- 
male breast, is either predisposed to by a depression of the great 
sympathic nerve, by the toxins of disease germs, or directly 
from blows, shocks, jars, concussions; the irritation of some 
article of dress ; reflexly from some exhausted, irritable condi- 
tion of the uterus, ovaries, clitoris ; from excessive drain upon 
the lacteal secretion. 

An indelible neuralgic stamp upon the nerves of this gland is 
benefited by the administration of full doses of passiflora in- 
carnata, and locally by applying the jelly of violets, followed by 
either coca, kephalin, avena or simabicidia. 

If due to any uterine irritation, reflected, few cases can re- 
sist the action of the boroglycerid pastils and cocain suppos- 
itories, with the wine of aletris farinosa internally, with one ap- 
plication of the violet jelly. 

If due to local irritation, the violet of jelly is the best of all 
applications. 

If due to excessive lacteal secretion, belladonna locally. 

If due to sexual excesses, gelsemium and salix nigra. 

MAN. — The Caucasian man, on account of his great nerve 
sympathetic development, is liable to many maladies not in- 
digenous to other races and woman, such as cerebral disease, 
laryngitis, carditis, etc. 



546 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The recent discovery of so many definite products for the 
restoration and maintenance of a high grade of vital force 
suggests the idea of a higher type of manhood and some of the 
means of acquiring it. 

Every man, let him be ever so healthy, ever so conscious of 
perfect health, should never enter the marriage state without 
due preparation. 

As the voice, skin, hair, mental and physical characteristics of 
youth change at the period of puberty, so does the system, men- 
tal and moral, change upon marriage. At puberty new diseases 
show themselves, some of the older disappear, so at marriage a 
like change takes place. 

Every man who, in early life, has injured his procreative 
powers by either abuse or excess, or exhausted his nervous sys- 
tem in any way or undermined it by the presence of the venereal 
microbe should, for a few months at least, undergo a special 
tonic, strengthening, cleansing course. 

If, in his youth, he has been guilty of masturbation, he should 
at least for four months take protonuclein thrice daily, alternat- 
ing weekly with cerebrin and spermin, to repair the lesion, if 
there be one, give tone and vigor to devitalized parts, fortifying 
the system, rendering it favorable for the production of vigor- 
ous offspring. 

If, perchance, by some early indiscretion the venereal germ 
has ever effected an entrance — if a solitary spore or toxin 
lingers in the blood — -it will damage, dwarf humanity in its 
very bud, deforming its very form or essence. It should be 
eradicated by a prolonged course of comp. saxifraga ; the spirit 
of humanity demands that much. 

Many other new remedies might be suggested, all bearing on 
the vitality of the mother cell. 

Most men between fifty and sixty years of age, apparently 
healthy, are often compelled to urinate during the night, once 
or more frequently, and may have a delay in starting the 
stream. Usually this meagre symptom is the first indication 
of an enlarged prostate, a very common condition in elderly 
gentlemen. Simultaneously with this he finds his sexual power 
declining, and he cannot understand that an enlarged prostate 
is the cause of it. 

As age progresses, the gland increases in size, it becomes 
infiltrated with fibrous tissue, quite hard, presses upon and 
deprives the sexual nerves of their circulation, produces paral- 
ysis of these nerves ; hence impotency. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 547 

Just at this point nature furnishes a remedy in the eleoresin 
of the saw palmetto made into a suppository. 

If the profession could be made to realize the potent influence 
of these suppositories upon the prostate ; that if prescribed for 
a patient and used steadily, year in and year out, the eleo- 
resin in this form will prevent the formation, as well as rob the 
prostate of its adventitious tissue or deposit, and thus keep 
modern men in ease and comfort to a ripe old age. 

Usually one suppository on retiring is sufficient. It must be 
retained, when it will melt, run all over the affected parts, re- 
ducing inflammatory action as it spreads, toning, strengthen- 
ing, revitalizing the sexual nerves. 

Later on, when marked hypertrophy takes place from such 
causes as withdrawal, immoderate coition, gonorrhea, gleet, 
stricture, masturbation, exposure to cold, wet; recipient of 
blows, injurious injections, introduction of instruments, ex- 
cessive use of stimulants, the saw palmetto is not of much 
efficacy, as we have indurated fibrous tissue to deal with. 

In confirmed enlargement, the sexual nerves are involved, 
weakened as in impotency, while the hard, infiltrated substance 
of the prostate keeps the mouths of the seminal ducts patulous, 
open, and the nervo- vital fluid runs away into the urethra, 
either to maintain a moisture, or a leakage, to be swept away in 
the urine, without any impediment. 

Soon this continual loss tells upon the brain, spinal cord, the 
entire nervous fabric, the general health and upon the testes, 
where it is stored. Vitality is blighted, no fertilizing fluid for the 
brain; semen is thin, watery, infertile, and the genital organs 
are weak, flabby, like an old dish-rag, owing to the great 
nervous tear and wear. 

It is here, in confirmed hypertrophy, where the ichthyol and 
boroglycerid suppositories do immense service. 

This is the plan of procedure : After the morning meal, the 
patient should wash out the rectum by means of a fountain 
syringe and a quart or two of warm infusion of flaxseed ; after 
all has been passed, insert a boroglycerid suppostiory, one hour 
later an ichthyol suppository. Repeat the same after the noon- 
day meal, and before retiring for the night. During the day 
insertions patient must maintain the recumbent position for an 
hour subsequently. 

It is the only cure, so far. To remove a man's testes as a 
cure for hypertrophy of the prostate is truly a mean affair. 
True, it will cure, but when thev are removed the brain is 



548 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

deprived of a secretion without which it withers, dies, and he 
becomes hopelessly insane. Such is science. 

With disintegration of those adventitious elements in the 
prostate, sexual power and vigor returns. Its restoration can 
be promoted by the administration of some of the following 
remedies, which the attending physician may select, namely, 
kephalin, avena sativa, c. p. solution of spermin, thyroid ex- 
tract, muria puama, ambrosia orientalis, comp. tincture mat- 
ricaria. 

MASSAGE. — Properly performed, of the entire body, in- 
creases the blood, energizes the nerves; the mere mechanical 
effect is good ; better the reflex effect on the vasomotor centres 
in raising the standard of vitality. Properly conducted 
massage flushes the blood-vessels, increases nutrition, for a 
larger amount of blood flows through the manipulated tissue 
than formerly. Accompanying this, increased blood pressure, 
strengthening of the pulse rate, a rapid removal of tissue waste ; 
an augmentation of the red corpuscles, which increases cu- 
tanous respiration and a greater avidity for oxygen. The 
lymph-stream is accelerated, and the heart participates in all 
the benefits which arise from it, a proceeding never to be neg- 
lected in cardiac debility. 

The mere emptying of the capillaries accelerates the return 
of blood through the veins, diminishes the resistance to the 
contraction of the left ventricle, consequently when the cardiac 
muscle is weakened or yielding to the strain of valvular lesions 
— heart failure — massage relieves, mitigates those distressing 
conditions, and at the same time husbands the vitality of the 
cardiac muscle; immensely aids recuperation. 

Associated with this treatment, administer five grains of 
creatinin thrice daily, and at meals one kephalin granule ; con- 
tinue for several months. This treatment will relieve dyspnea, 
maintain and promote healthy nutrition of the heart-muscle. 

In cerebral anemia our usual medical treatment is 
almost useless, and this very fact necessitates a com- 
plete change of procedure, a change that involves not only great 
expense but considerable inconvenience, as it involves the re- 
moval of the patients from the unwholesome moral atmosphere 
in which they have been living, away from sympathizing- 
friends and neighbors; by a renewal of the patient's vitality 
by baths, brain food, and other nutrition, and causing its as- 
similation by positive muscular exercise; by resorting to 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 549 

peripheral stimulation, thus stimulating the reflex centres, 
■causing an increased cutaneous circulation, and thus improving 
nutrition. The treatment is physiological, and up to the latest 
discoveries in medicine, and involves the following heads : 

Seclusion and Rest. — This is absolutely indispensable to 
carry out the entire treatment in its most minute detail; the 
entire seclusion of the patients under a competent nurse, and 
their removal from old scenes, associations, and the morbid 
atmosphere of invalid habits which encircles them. Unless the 
patient is entirely removed from the injudicious sympathy and 
constant waiting on of friends, it is impossible to obtain the 
necessary control over them which is requisite for a cure. This 
point is to be made absolute ; sever the connection between them 
even if it seems harsh and strange; no compromise on this 
point can be made, and if it is impossible to secure the removal, 
the isolation and perfect seclusion of the patient, better to have 
nothing to do with the case and its peculiar treatment, for even 
if they are isolated in a separate room in the same house under 
a competent nurse and visited by no one but the medical at- 
tendant, the case does not do so well as when apart. 

There should then be a perfect separation from all moral 
and physical surroundings; the change is beneficial, and aids 
immensely in the cure. Following this is rest in bed, absolute 
repose, no reading, talking, looking at pictures, no sewing or 
knitting, not even allowed to feed themselves for at least six or 
eight weeks. Under this condition of rest the whole system 
becomes regenerated, and new tissues begin to form ; it acts like 
a brain or nerve food; it restores lost energy, refreshes the 
nerves tired by worry, excitement or strain, and gives renewed 
vigor to the whole body. After this condition of absolute re- 
pose has existed for six or eight weeks, it may be broke or les- 
sened, and then the patient be permitted to sit up several hours 
daily, and gradually this is to be extended. The old diseased 
habits are to be discarded and a new life to be inaugurated 
while the above is being faithfully carried out; the essential 
part, of the treatment is also being fulfilled in the form of — 

Massage. — Simultaneously with the condition of seclusion 
and rest being commenced, this, the really indispensable part 
of the treatment, should also be inaugurated : the entire surface 
of the body of the patient morning and evening to be thor- 
oughly sponged off with castile soap and water, and well dried 
by the nurse, and thus made ready for massage. This is to 
be performed by a young, healthy, vigorous person, full of 



550 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

vital force, intelligent, and well posted in his or her work. 
Massage should be commenced the first day, half an hour in 
the morning, and same length of time in the afternoon, the 
duration of time increased daily, until two and a half hours 
are thus occupied morning and evening, making five 1 hours 
altogether daily, and after its performance each time, 1 one-half 
or three-quarters of an hour of electrical manipulation to fol- 
low. This massage is to consist in taking a leg and thigh, 
beginning at the toes, foot, leg up to groin, first rubbing from 
the extremity up ; then grasping the parts between both hands. 
from foot up, moving each joint as you go along; then a care- 
ful, pains-taking kneading from the sole of the foot up, manipu- 
lating the joints well; this is to be followed by beating or pat- 
ting with the fingers of both hands coming down on the part 
at the same time, and the whole to be followed by a rubbing* 
with the points of the fingers, always moving the joints. After 
one limb has been well done, then the other; then one arm. 
then the other; the back, and latterly the abdomen, spending- 
upon each a little over half an hour. If there is great sen- 
sitiveness, it is often best not to spend the entire time on one 
member at once, but to go from one to the other, going over 
each several times. The intensity of massage will depend al- 
together on the sensibility of the patient. In no cases is there 
any violence or roughness to be used ; neither is the skin to 
be irritated nor much redness induced. During this manip- 
ulation, the patient is to remain perfectly passive — not to make 
a single effort ; all to be done by the operator. This systematic 
shampooing, grasping, kneading, patting, beating and exercise 
of all the muscles and nerves of the body, extremities and trunk 
of all the muscles and nerves of the body, extremities and 
trunk, has a magical effect. Its advantages are, the peripheral 
nerve stimulation carried to brain, cord and other centres, rais- 
ing the standard of central vitality, the vital force or stamina 
of the operator is planted into the nervous system of the patient 
by reflex emanation; all his reserve vitality accumulated are 
thus given to the devitalized. Nerve action in all cases is- 
vibratile ; in anemia of brain an abnormal series of nerve vibra- 
tions are set up. This is at once changed by massage, which 
restores the healthy, mechanical vibrations to the nerve ; carry- 
ing- the same state of vitalitv to the centres, it thus relieves wan- 
dering, erratic pains and neuralgia, strengthens the nerve cen- 
tres, and gives renewed vigor in all diseases, of nervous ex- 
haustion or debility; it stimulates the cutaneous circulation^ 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 551 

the muscles are exercised without the expenditure of nerve 
force; the reflex stimulus carried to the medulla oblongata 
gives greatly improved vitality, and the psychological condi- 
tion of the manipulator, as well as his vitality, is implanted in 
the patient. To do it effectually, requires a well-educated per- 
son, of line mind, strong will, solid determination, sound vigor, 
and of high vitality. The party who does the massage should 
have nothing else to do but walk around, eat well, and acquire 
all the vitality possible, so as to communciate it to the patient. 
The regular nurse, tired and wearied with his peculiar avoca- 
tion, should never be permitted to perform the massage. There 
is to be no oleaginous body used by the operator, as that 
destroys or breaks the vivifying current. 

After the first application the patient will feel sore and stiff, 
but this will soon wear off in a few days. Although we incul- 
cate gentleness, still it must be efficient ; this feeling of soreness 
will soon pass off. when the patient will enjoy the manipulation 
amazingly, and after it is performed will have a pleasant sense 
of exhaustion followed by refreshing sleep. 

Electricity. — This should follow the massage, and is to be 
used simply as a means of exercising the muscles. The inter- 
rupted current should be employed twice daily, from half an 
hour to three-quarters of an hour. The poles armed with wet 
sponges squeezed out of salt water, so as to carry the electricity 
away down into deep parts, are to be placed on the muscles to 
be operated on in turn, beginning at the leg and going up, 
taking each muscle in turn. The sponges with the poles should 
be placed four inches apart and moved slowly up and down the 
muscle until it contracts fully and freely. This is somewhat 
painful and annoying, but it is of unquestioned utility in long- 
standing cases of cerebral anemia, especially where there is 
wasting or muscular paralysis. It is not to be used about the 
neck or head, and it should never be rubbed about indiscrim- 
inately, but simply applied to the muscles. 

Regimen and Diet. — These form an important and es- 
sential part of the cure. All this class of patients are but living 
skeletons, skin and bone; white, anemic, wasted, emaciated, 
neither able to sleep nor walk ; suffering a living death, mocked 
at by ignorant physicians who are too superficial to understand 
their case. And it is perfectly astonishing to see how the treat- 
ment tends to recuperate and rejuvenate them. Once the pa- 
tient is secluded, it is well to cleanse out the bowels and begin 
with a milk diet exclusivelv for a few davs. This should be 



552 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

given every two hours in sufficient quantities, which they are 
able to consume and perfectly assimilate, usually from three 
to four ounces. After two days of the massage, the amount 
can be increased to eight or ten ounces, so that within the 
twenty- four hours from two to three quarts of milk will be con- 
sumed. There is no difficulty in getting rid of that quantity 
even if there is dyspeptic symptoms, for they disappear like 
magic, and flesh, strength and increased weight are visible to 
the eye from day to day. As soon as the manipulator reaches 
five hours of massage and an hour and a half electricity daily, 
one-half in the morning and the other half in the afternoon, 
then the diet is to be increased by the following additions, which 
are greedily taken, thoroughly digested and assimilated into 
brain, muscle and other tissues. The following schedule will 
give an imperfect idea of the diet list or something near it : 

Every evening during the treatment there should be made 
beef tea, say a pound and a half of fine lean meat, chopped 
line and water sufficient to obtain ten ounces ; this should stand 
over night so as to be ready for use at five a. m., when, after 
the patient is sponged off, a portion of it should be taken with 
a soda-cracker. This meat extract should be seasoned to suit 
the taste, and parsley, if in season, added to it. 

At five a. m., beef extract with cracker, to be followed with 
two and a half hours massage and half an hour electricity; to 
be followed with a bowl of oatmeal porridge and cream. 

At nine o'clock a. m., breakfast, consisting of toast and but- 
ter, soft boiled eggs, corn bread, broiled beefsteak and coffee. 

At eleven a. m., milk. 

At one p. m., dinner, consisting of boiled white-fish, chicken, 
mutton chop, broiled beefsteak, vegetables, fruit and cream. 

At three p. m., milk, to be followed with massage and elec- 
tricity for three hours ; to be followed with beef extract, fish, 
biscuit or milk. 

In other words, a system of feeding consisting of brain ele- 
ments, and that to excess. 

In this treatment, which is so successful, the massage is the 
dominant agent, and the question is, how does it work? The 
vital stimulus of the rubbing, patting, kneading, shampooing, 
is imparted to the superficial nerves. This passes along the 
nerve tubes by means of the pulp to the gray matter of the 
spinal cord, where, by the influence of the ganglion through 
which it runs, the supply of blood to the nerve cell is regulated. 
In the cell of the gray matter of the cord a vital electrical con- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 553 

dition is established which travels along the spinal cord to the 
brain, which is toned up and receives more blood. Every rub, 
every vibratory thrill gives a myriad of tonic phenomena, which 
causes the anemic capillaries to become filled with blood rich 
with brain elements, and a renewal of life in the weakened 
tissue promoted. This treatment, simple as it looks, needs the 
supervision of a medical attendant of great skill. The time 
necessary to accomplish a cure is usually about twelve weeks, 
unless in old cases of paralysis, which may require a longer 
period. 

Is this treatment reliable? Assuredly it is. Not only reli- 
able, but endorsed by the highest medical authorities, and thou- 
sands of hopeless cases of disease have been cured by it. It is 
no experiment. The nervous system is the controlling agency 
by which development is perfected, and the animal magnetism 
of the operator is the mysterious force that rouses it into action. 
No drug, no remedy but this can quicken the benumbed and 
paralyzed limb or faculty like the invigorating stimulus of intel- 
lectual animal magnetism. There is an affinity in all cases of 
debility to absorb or draw from the stronger around, to imbide 
their nerve vigor and thus rouse their own dormant activities. 
The system of cure as laid down above comes right in among 
a class of diseases in which all remedies fail. For there is no 
drug or mechanical contrivance that can induce a healthy vibra- 
tory action of the nerves with living, thinking matter, and 
bring a new power to the deadened nerve forces but this. 

MASTURBATION. — An excitement of the genital organs 
in either sex, by the hand, a habit which produces the most dis- 
astrous form of brain wreckage, as is seen in the widespread 
neurasthenia, chorea, epilepsy, paralysis, imbecility, insanity : 
a morbid state Of the sexual sense, which is either hereditary or 
acquired. It gives rise to intense cerebral and spinal anemia, 
with all their horrors of despair. The repeated draining off 
of the vital fluid gives rise to suicidal mania, and renders its 
victim ambitionless, a cipher in this sphere of existence. 

Best treated by general alteratives and tonics, keeping the 
secretions active, daily baths. Our best remedies are an aphro- 
disiac, of which tincture of the green root of gelsemium is the 
best. It should be adminstered in large doses, so as to cut off 
for the time being all erectile power and sexual desire. Ozon- 
ized extract of black willow bark ; very large doses of passiflora 
incarnata ; suppositories of salix nigra are excellent; urethral 



554 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

bougies of black willow, belladonna, digitalis, hyoscyamus are 
of utility. As soon as the abnormal appetite is appeased 
"avena or kephalin" should be administered in small doses to 
build up a more vigorous and healthy brain nutrition. 

The Effects of Masturbation. — The ulterior results of 
self-abuse are a complete, wreckage of the generative organs, 
infertile semen, impotency, cerebral failure, and other maladies. 
One effect which is becoming very common. at an early period 
of life, is sarcoma of the testis. This is usually neither noticed 
early, nor properly treated when diagnosed, made light of, at- 
tributed to injury, but the common cause is either masturbation 
or cyclism. 

The progress of these cases is usually as follows : The testis 
enlarges without pain at first, maintains its normal shape, and 
forms a highly elastic swelling, which gives a deceptive sense 
of fluctuation, with a loss of normal testicular sensation and 
pain. The skin is usually stretched in proportion to the size 
of the growth, although not always implicated, but when ad- 
hesions form, ulceration speedily, nay, inevitably takes place, 
and the tumor fungates, as a bleeding mass. Later on the 
spermatic cord is enlarged, and the lymphatic glands of the 
iliac and lumbar regions are infiltrated. Gradually the general 
health becomes impaired, much emaciation, debility, and the 
affected individual dies from implication of the viscera. 

An examination of the testis in an early stage shows that the 
growth commences to grow most commonly in the posterior 
portion of the gland, and that the testicular structure itself is 
often spread over the anterior surface of the tumor. The tunica 
albuginea at first stretches, but after a time gives way, and may 
thus allow hemorrhage to take place in the cavity of the tunica 
vaginalis. This is an occurrence of some clinical importance, 
and it is well to remember that hematocele may complicate a 
sarcomatous growth, for in cases in which the diagnosis is 
difficult the discovery of blood in the tunica vaginalis might 
otherwise lead to error. 

On section, a sarcomatous testicle is very soft and pulpy, 
either opaque-white, pinkish, mottled, or gelatinous and semi- 
transparent ; the spermatic cord may be infiltrated with similar 
growths. The iliac and lumbar glands often form a series of 
immense tumors, and the liver, kidneys, lungs, and other parts 
may be infiltrated with numerous secondary masses. 

A microscopical examination usually shows a large, round- 
celled growth ; but in some cases the cells are oval, or spindle- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 555 

shaped, in others mixed. As a rule sarcoma of the testis grows 
rapidly, and rapidly involves both testes. 

The direct effects of masturbation are to drain off the nervo- 
vital fluid, so necessary to make the man; the indirect effects, 
the production of neurasthenia ; the reflex effect, a damage to 
the spinal cord, a central brain lesion, a devitalized great sym- 
pathetic, especially that portion of it which covers the anterior 
portion of the heart. 

This in time gives rise to organic cardiac disease ; how soon 
this is effected depends upon the frequency, the intensity of the 
irritation and the greatness of the blood pressure. 

Slowly but progressively in such cases cardiac disturbance is 
variable, generally pain, anxiety ; frequent troublesome palpita- 
tions, shortness of breath, sinking. With variable heart's ac- 
tion, slow, often irregular and unequal. 

The remedy for heart failure in the masturbator or those 
guilty of sexual excesses is matricaria. A true vitalizing agent 
and restorer. In urgent cases, small doses, often repeated, are 
the rule ; keeping the patient as quiet as possible, so as to avoid 
all arterial excitement, emotional disturbance, shocks. Indi- 
viduals suffering from heart failure should be warmly clad, 
should take rest before meals. If there be fault} 7 nutrition, give 
matricaria ; if there be constipation the kola-nut paste. 

Weak-hearted people are benefited by a diffusible stimulant, 
carefully given ; it prevents degenerative processes. 

The one from which I have derived the greatest benefit is oil 
of cajuput in doses of six drops, rubbed up in mucilage. It can 
be combined with either the passiflora or the matricaria ; it is a 
quick, powerful, safe, arterial stimulant, much to be preferred 
to either the nitrate of sodium or nitroglycerin. More reliable 
than cactus. 

The act of masturbation depreciates all the vital attributes of 
manhood; even if the practice be abolished, its stamp of degen- 
eration is there, blind in name and morals, with a cataract cov- 
ered conscience. If he chances to have offspring they are 
really unfit to enter the arena of life, as they are unstable, 
viciously endowed, mentally crippled. 

All the mental and physical defects induced by alcoholic con- 
ception, all the degenerative changes stamped upon the organ- 
ism of a child whose father has committed masturbation, can 
now by the modern light of scientific medicine be rectified by 
the administration of the ozonized thyroid extract. 

Its administration has a powerful effect upon both the phys- 



556 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ical and mental systems, especially it imperfectly developed or 
in any way suffering deterioration. 

Administer if possible early in life and continue its use for a 
reasonable time. 

Next in value, to rectify the chaotic cerebral condition of the 
masturbator's nervous system, are kephalin and avena, either in 
liquid or granular form; it operates invariably well in favoring 
the evolution of a rich crop of active spermatozoa ; c. p. solution 
of spermin is a most reliable preparation in such cases and never 
should be omitted in the cure of the damage done, and especially 
if there be atrophy of the testes and other parts. 

MEASLES (Rubeola). — An acute, specific, contagious dis- 
ease to which children are liable. It is not so contagious as 
scarlet fever. Incubation period, seven to ten days. 

This microbial fever originates by contagion and infection — - 
the microbe or contagion is given off from the skin and breath, 
and lungs, persistently to books, clothes, furniture ; hence it is 
spread more by one child to another and the clothing of indi- 
viduals who have access to such cases than by the air. 

Its diagnosis is easy, a stage of incubation of from seven to* 
fourteen days, with languor, lassitude, debility, and sprouting : 
proliferation and ptomain excretion take place during the three 
days of fever, after which the microbe emigrates to the skin, 
where it appears for four days. During the premonitory stage, 
coryza, that is watery discharge from the eyes, nose, sneezing, 
some cough; headache, tongue white coated. These symptoms 
become aggravated during the stage of fever. When the erup- 
tion appearance on the fourth day of fever is on the face, it feels 
tense, rough, irregular, elevated in patches. 

With the microscope round cocci and diplococci can be de- 
tected in the watery discharge, also in the sweat, saliva, and in 
the eruption of all patients who have measles. 

• The germ is pathogenic, bears culture well. Cultures either 
injected subcutaneously or fed to animals reproduce the dis- 
ease. 

A point in diagnosis much overlooked is the appearance on 
the buccal mucous membrane of small, irregular red spots, with 
a bluish-white centre. They are entirely different from the 
reddened mucous membrane of scarlet fever, the whitish specks 
of aphthae, or the ulcerated state of stomatitis. These spots on 
the buccal mucous membrane are seen early and lose their char- 
acteristics when the eruption appears. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 557 

In German measles the catarrhal and bronchial symptoms 
are slight, sore throat more decided, the rash appearing on the 
first and second day as a diffused red blush, or small red spots, 
which do not form crescent-shaped patches, desquamation be- 
ing scarcely visible. 

The absence of catarrh and bronchial irritation, the tempera- 
ture and pulse, the intense sore throat, strawberry tongue, the 
smooth, silky feel of the eruption, and the greater tendency to 
nephritis, are diagnostic marks of scarlatina; whereas the 
twelve days of incubation, three days of fever, with a papular 
eruption, pain in the loins, and the special odor, nausea and 
vomiting in the early stages are characteristic of variola. 

It is high time that the profession impressed upon the people 
that measles is by no means a trivial disease; in all its stages 
and under all conditions there is danger, and no child, no indi- 
vidual of feeble vital force should be exposed to its entrance 
into their bodies, for the microbe is a protozoa and, like all 
organisms of that class, depresses the tissues in such a way as to 
enable other pathogenic organisms to gain an entrance into the 
body, such as the implantation of otitis media, bronchitis, pneu- 
monia and others, which not infrequently follow measles, and 
from which the conferva, pneumococcus and other organisms of 
suppuration can be isolated. 

It is therefore no trivial disease ; every care should be used 
to prevent its dissemination. 

During recent epidemics a complete change of treatment has 
been effected, the old-fashioned diaphoretic teas, aconite and 
asclepias, are laid aside and ozonized passiflora incarnata and 
sulphide of calcium are administered in alternation in proper 
doses to influence or stay the process of bacterial life. A patient 
on proper doses of these two will have no complication, no 
bronchitis, pneumonia, inflammation of the eyes, ears, nose, 
neither will there be any tendency to gangrene. Our space pre- 
vents us giving the treatment of several thousand cases of 
measles with these two remedies. 

Passiflora incarnata, although not a narcotic, quiets and 
calms the nervous system in measles, it favors a restoration of 
vital force, uncouples the chain of neurosis, relaxes protoplas- 
mic tension or tone ; it improves the quality of sleep, aids in its 
prolongation, entirely controls fever, a therapeutic agent of 
rare value. 

Besides simple measles, there is a malignant or suppressed 
form, which is more severe, and in which the rash is less well 
marked. 



558 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Measles may be complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia, in- 
flammation of the eyes, ear, or nose, and the gangrenous dis- 
eases of the mouth and genitals known as cancrum oris and 
noma. 

Measles, German. — Epidemic roseola. A distinct disease, 
which is more contagious and is less serious. It generally lasts 
only four or five days. There is no catarrh, the rash is not so 
crescentic, the temperature is lower, and it is altogether milder 
than measles. There is usually some sore throat. 

MENINGITIS. — Inflammation of the membranes of the 
brain is usually an affection of infancy and may originate from 
falls, blows, mechanical violence of all kinds, reflex irritation, 
teething, worms, burns, the presence of the germs and toxins of 
tubercle and syphilis, and it may be a sequel or complication of 
various diseases in more advanced life, such as otitis, typhoid 
fever, pneumonia, epidemic influenza. 

Characterized and ushered in with rigors, high fever, head- 
ache, stiffness of the neck, vomiting, rigidity of the muscles, 
opisthotonos. 

The absence of the diplcetic structure in the skull renders 
children more obnoxious to it. If death should occur, the 
whole surface of the brain will be found covered with a fibro- 
purulent exudation. 

A headache aggravated by noise, heat, light, motion, needs 
darkness, rest, seclusion, with cool temperature. Head shaved ; 
anodyne, evaporating lotion, consisting of ammonia, passiflora, 
iodine. Sponging entire body thrice daily; dry mustard in 
stockings to knees; aconite; veratrum; passiflora; periodate 
aurum, enough to give free biliary evacuations, several daily; 
iodide and bromide of potassium. 

MENOPAUSE (Change of Life). —According to the last 
census, there were three millions of women in the United 
States, between the ages of forty-five and fifty, undergoing the 
change of life; and this number is annually kept up by fresh 
recruits ; so that we have, at all times, about that number. The 
importance of the period, the history of suffering endured, can- 
not be approximated ; neither have its diseases been adequately 
investigated. 

The terms, change of life, turn of life, critical period, etc., are 
understood to mean a period of life beginning with those 
irregularities which precede, the last appearance of the men- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 559 

strual flow, and ending with the resettlement of health on a 
new basis. This is usually divided into a premonitory period, 
the actual stoppage or cessation of the flow, and the adapta- 
tion of the system to the change. The first indication of fail- 
ure of ovarian energy or ovulation is irregularity; when the 
failure is complete, perfect cessation. 

Although it is termed a critical period, it is not to be deemed 
fatal, if the patient's system is healthy. It is a gradual change, 
leading to better or worse; to complete recovery more fre- 
quently than to death. 

The streams of life, instead of flowing on in a smooth, 
tranquil current from the cradle to the grave, are marked by 
rapids, or milestones, which are critical, metamorphic, or de- 
veloping epochs. Seven, fourteen, twenty-one, are clearly and 
•distinctly written on the first part of life; forty-two, forty- 
nine, and sixty-three, are less deeply cut, but are distinctly 
visible in the later period of life. Those periods are charac- 
terized by important changes, which give a peculiar aspect to 
the physiognomy of the human body, and impart a family 
likeness to the diseases of epochs justly deemed critical, in 
which one or several organs of the body undergo changes. 
The object of each critical change in our bodies is to insure 
the greatest amount of health for each subsequent period of 
life. This object, if the vital forces are of average strength, is 
effected quickly; but if there be debility or disease, then there 
is more or less disturbance, according to the degree or intensity 
of that state. The critical changes of dentition and puberty 
are frequently brought about without any disturbance or ill 
health; nevertheless, they are often followed by debility. At 
critical periods, the activity of important apparatus may be 
too powerful, and disturb other organs, or too feeble to react 
on others. When the energy of the preponderance-seeking 
organ is above or below par, health may be impaired. With 
regard to the influence of critical periods of life, first and sec- 
ond dentition influences both sexes alike, and in the same 
way. Puberty is common to both; but the impulse given to 
the constitution of man, by the perfect development of the 
sexual apparatus, is, in general, fully effective, and all-suffi- 
cient to insure its permanent activity until extreme old age; 
whereas, in women the crisis is very liable to be delayed, or per- 
verted; and even when puberty has been fully and effectively 
established, the health of woman is dependent on those oscil- 
lations of vital force, which render it most uncertain. The 



560 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

chemical activities of a womon cause her to mature early ; the 
inertia of man's nature renders him slow., late in maturing. 
The same inherent qualities of sex give woman an early change ; 
whereas, man's change is delayed (if not too early precocious) 
till a good old age, he being capable of begetting children to 
seventy or eighty; whereas, the moment a woman changes,. 
fecundity ceases. It is true that children begot by very old men 
are of very feeble vitality. Although most women change at 
forty-five or forty-seven years of age, it does not follow that 
sexual appetite is extinct. Sexual congress may not be enjoyed 
by some, whereas others never have a warmth of feeling until 
the change of life takes place. The large proportion of women, 
on cessation taking place, become callous, indifferent, lose their 
sexual vivacity and vigor. 

Menstruation, healthy or morbid, marriage, pregnancy, par- 
turition, and lactation are critical eventualities in a woman's 
life, curing some complaints, giving greater activity to others ; 
and when, after having lasted thirty years, the action of the 
reproductive organs is being withdrawn from the system, then 
there arises a series of beautifully adapted critical movements, 
the object of which is to endow a healthy woman with a greater 
degree of strength than that which she had previously enjoyed. 
But this will not occur if there are disease germs lurking in her 
system, such as cancer, tuberculse, syphilis; then the seeds of 
those germs, when vital force is low, are liable to become active,, 
and destructive; because the very essential of the change, 
debility, brings them into active growth, and causes them to 
locate and grow in the very organs in which the change is pro- 
gressing. The change stimulates their growth ; imparts to them 
fresh activity. So, as a rule, it is at this period we meet with 
the greatest proportion of cases of cancer of the womb, and 
breast, adenoma, and other tumors. The change of life is only 
critical to the diseased. It is only them that need fear the crisis. 
To the healthy, to those who live according to natural laws, eat 
healthy food, avoid balls, avoid tight lacing, bad literature, and 
sedentary occupations, nothing is to be feared. It is well to 
make no haphazard prediction, but if there is no disease, the 
process will not be critical. True, the disease may be got rid of : 
if so, it will mitigate the condition. The change does not cause 
disease ; it detects it, brings it into active existence, and causes 
an aggravation of it. Thus, congestion of the womb, chronic 
inflammation of the ovary, etc., existing at the change, become 
excessive. Disease has little tendency to leave, or become in- 
active or quiescent during the change. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 561 

The critical nature of a period is shown by its effects on 
the health in ensuing years. Thus, puberty is not only a 
crisis of most of the complaints of the preceding years, but it 
determines the health of the subsequent thirty-two years, for 
good or evil. In like manner, the change of life, if it can be 
consummated in a salutary manner, will influence the succeed- 
ing period; nay, it will govern the whole subsequent period 
•of life. So we can prognosticate, from the manner of the cri- 
sis, whether the after-life shall be good or bad. Five years 
after a woman ceases it tells its own tale in the great additional 
strength of constitution. The greater sanative change, the 
greater longevity of woman after the period, her less liability 
to disease, and death, her very remarkable good health, and 
almost total immunity from the general run of ailments ren- 
der her last stage of existence a comfort and a blessing. 

From forty to forty-five is a general period of invigoration 
for both sexes — a period in which the daily work of nutrition 
is very actively carried on in our bodies, rendering them 
stronger, more vital, healthier, and thereby insuring a more 
perfect performance of all the functions. The change in man 
is carried on insensibly and worked out without disturbance. 
In woman the passage is often full of danger, if natural laws 
have been violated, but the very great improvement that fol- 
lows the change is so salutary as to compensate for all the 
suffering. 

Although the phenomena of change of life are principally 
due to withering of the ovaries and suspension of their func- 
tion, it is aided by and associated with other structural changes, 
which take place in both sexes, due to coming age, such as the 
ossification of the cranial bones; atrophy of spleen, and lym- 
phatics ; changes in bone, marrow ; degeneration of some form : 
a smoothing down of Peyer's patches in the bowels, and some 
shrinkage of the brain proper. But after cessation a woman's 
constitution is entirely remodeled ; she takes a new lease of life : 
decay and suffering has then less hold on her, and she begins 
anew. The importance of the change cannot be too highly 
rated, especially if easily passed ; for if it is accomplished with- 
out much disturbance, so will the future period be healthy ; but 
if gone through with great suffering, then we may expect the 
subsequent time to be one of long-continued misery. It is a 
final settlement for good or evil, and it may be reasonably enter- 
tained that if it does not excite the activity of some disease 
;germ in the body which previously existed there in a quiescent 



562 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

state, and the violence of the change be not excessive, it is 
reasonable to conclude, from thousands of pre-existing cases, 
that the rest of life will be passed in uninterrupted good health, 
and unusual longevity attained. The invigoration of the health 
which follows is often accompanied with a great improve- 
ment in personal appearance — where the thin and emaciated 
become fat and comely, where the timid become bold and 
daring; while another class become masculine, and lose their 
feminine appearance; their cheek bones project, the skin loses 
its velvety feel, creases show themselves, and stray hairs start 
on the upper lip or face. 

The effects of a suspension of ovarian action has a marked- 
influence on all the emotions, desires, affections, passions, as- 
well as on the brain proper, giving rise to debility, prostration, 
nervous irritability and confusion. 

Puberty and change of life are caused by physiological and 
anatomical changes in the same organs; puberty is ovarian 
evolution ; the change of life involution or stoppage. The true 
seat of both is in the reproductive centre in the brain; the one 
growth, the other death to that special centre ; the ovaries beings 
merely the organs to perform the work. 

When, with proper age and perfect blood development, this 
co-ordinating reproductive centre in the brain matures (pu- 
berty) the seed or egg organs, the ovaries, increase in size, be- 
come very vascular, and begin to let fall ovula or eggs every 
twenty-eight days, and cause in modern civilized women men- 
struation. When the reproductive centre in the brain dries up, 
which it usually does after thirty-two years of activity, the 
change has come; the ovary or egg-bed, which during the ac- 
tive period was smooth and turgid, becomes dried up, shrunken 
into a knot like a peach-stone, and it becomes difficult to trace 
the cavities of the Graafian vesticles, for their walls are pressed 
together. A few years later they shrink ; wither still more ; be- 
come atrophied, so much as to be no larger than a bean, and 
latterly completely obliterated, being marked by fibrocellular 
tissue. This ovarian atrophy, or shrinkage, or wasting, or 
withering, comes from a want of germinal influence from the 
brain — there being no use for the organs, they wither and die. 
This change is accompanied with corresponding changes in the 
Fallopian tubes, determined by the same cause ; these tubes con- 
tract, wither, become impervious and perfectly obliterated. The 
same condition of non-use, want of stimulus, or enfeebling en- 
ergfv causes the womb to contract, become small, round like an. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 563 

orange ; its neck becomes thinner, and shorter, and obliterated, 
and in some cases an obliteration of its mouth takes place. 
The vagina becomes very narrow, short, and there is a shrivel- 
ing" up of the pampiniform plexus of vessels which previously 
supplied the organs with blood, which accounts for the remark- 
able coldness of the parts. Incidental to this general collapse, 
the broad ligaments that retain the womb in its position also 
shrink and disappear. The breasts, which are a part of the 
reproductive system, also become cold, small, and wasted. 
During the change they are often seriously affected, being- 
painful and congested, if not otherwise diseased. It would be 
a matter of infinite surprise how so many phenomena of health 
and symptoms of disease could be determined by two little 
bodies whose structure does not appear complicated, but the 
fact is unquestionable that not the bodies, but the bra'in, is the 
source or seat of change. The ovaries are energized by that 
nervous centre of sexual power located in the spinal cord, op- 
posite the fourth lumbar vertebra, and supplied from the 
cerebral centre ; but although a central act in the brain through 
the cord, there can be no perfect exercise of sexual power with- 
out well-formed and healthy ovaries. The ovaries influence 
all parts of the body (directly the cord and brain) through the 
medium of their nerves, for as they have both ganglionic and 
cerebrospinal nerves, they can react on both the ganglionic 
nerves and their centres, and the cerebrospinal and their central 
organs. 

Whether the ganglionic be an independent system of nerves, 
or an offshoot of the cerebrospinal nervous system, it is not 
necessary here to discuss. All are agreed that vasomotor 
nerves follow every capillary to their minutest ramification 
and govern the nutrition of every part of the body. All organs 
of nutritive life are supplied with ganglia and a plexus of 
ganglionic nerves; but they all communicate together, and 
with a larger plexus and more voluminous ganglia, situated in 
the viscera of the abdomen. And before those foci of nervous- 
matter were discovered, this region, that is the ganglia on the 
bowels, liver, spleen, bladder, kidney and reproductive organs, 
was called the lever of forces by which the body is moved. 
Sensation and motion are dependent on the cerebrospinal 
nerves, nutrition on the ganglionic ; but there is a concentration 
of ganglionic nervous power in the central ganglia which 
gives and receives from each viscus a variable impetus. The 
ganglionic is a centre of nerve force, capable of controlling- 



564 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

and disturbing the various parts of the body by its nervous fluid 
or soul. 

The human body is so constructed that the various compo- 
nent organs act upon each other in the way most conducive to 
health, until the age of puberty. At that time health may 
fail and the whole system languish, unless the reproductive 
organs come into full activity. From puberty to the change 
of life, the health of woman cannot be maintained without an 
energizing influence from the reproductive centre in brain and 
cord, so as to impart an appropriate amount of ovarian influ- 
ence. If the ovarian energy reacts under proper nerve stimu- 
lus in a healthy way, it will augment, vitalize, energize the 
visceral centre, or brain, and cause the function of nutrition to 
be performed with increased energy; give vigor, instinctive 
consciousness of strength. If the ovarian energy be inefficient, 
the abdominal brain, the visceral centre of ganglionic action, 
is half or partially paralyzed, and uneasy sensations are felt at 
the pit of the stomach, a feeling of sinking, of faintness, gone- 
ness, or even actual fainting is sometimes induced; defective 
nutrition follows, with anemia of the cord and brain, vulgarly 
termed hysteria, met with at puberty, during pregnancy, lacta- 
tion and change of life. If the brain does not furnish the 
necessary amount of ovarian stimulus, so that evolution is in- 
efficient, the menses will come on in an irregular way, off and 
on and likely scanty ; if it be too strong, as under emotion, pas- 
sion, it will react upon the adjacent viscera and cause violent 
disturbance. 

All the organs in the chest and abdomen are, on their front 
part, covered over with the cervical sympathetic, similarly en- 
dowed with ganglia or little brains. They are knit together 
by a mysterious network of nerves ; they sympathize with each 
other at puberty, menstrual period and change of life, and in 
this way any disturbance of the ovaries, irrespective of reflex 
states, will give rise to nausea, sickness, depraved appetite and 
deranged bowels and kidneys. If the ovarian stimulus be too 
great for the allied abdominal organs, there may be pain in 
the ovaries themselves; pain, disturbing sensations, irritation 
which may be transmitted to a weakened cord and bulb, then 
hysteria, tetanus, nervous irritability, restlessness, hysterical 
convulsions, or there may be a numbness in skin and other 
parts. 

The strength or relative weakness of the nervous system may 
be inferred from the condition of anemia of brain and cord 



and Dictionary of Diseases. ;6; 



O'-O 



that is present. The solar ganglia in both sexes form an im- 
portant centre of nerve force. Insufficient ovarian influence 
"having reached the solar plexus affects the brain chiefly by 
means of the pneumogastric nerve, so any disturbing influence 
at puberty, pregnancy, parturition, change of life, may be 
shown by the distressing headaches, fretfulness, peevishness, 
irritability, capriciousness. perversion of the moral nature, 
moral insanity. In other cases, excessive or disturbed ovarian 
action is manifest by high spirits, or depression, a cloud or a 
weight on the mental faculties, haziness of mind, brain mud- 
dled, memory faithless and an unquenchable desire to sleep 
during the day. remaining awake all night, almost amounting 
To coma or lethargy. 

From puberty to the change, healthy women, when not preg- 
nant or nursing, drop ovules every twenty-eight days,, and 
as a rule modern civilized women lose about four ounces of 
"blood. But there are women in perfect health, who live ac- 
cording to nature's laws, eat healthy food, avoid modern litera- 
ture as a destructive ovarian poison, that have perfect ovula- 
tion, are easily impregnated, and whose womb does not bleed 
on the shedding of the egg in the ovary and dropping within 
its cavity. Those women enjoy the highest possible standard 
of health. Indian women, in their aboriginal state, seldom 
lose blood at the monthly period, nothing but a white, glairy 
discharge. 

Sexual involution has an ill-defined beginning and end. and 
only one fixed date, cessation. The activity of the menstrual 
period is usually thirty-two years, between fourteen and forty- 
six; but there are cases, once in a while met with, where the 
■menses stop as early as twenty-one. twenty-eight, thirty-five, 
and at all periods up to sixty-one. The average, however, is 
forty-six in healthy women, and more cease to menstruate at 
forty-five than any other period in life. It depends greatly on 
accidental conditions of life. Blows on the head or back, 
frights, and other nervous states may prevent its appearance, 
and arrest it at any time, either when the discharge is on or off. 
and, if the shock is grave, forever. Its continuance depends 
greatly on the state of the health, the richness and purity of 
the blood, the freedom from worry, struggle, shocks, jars, and 
xiterine and nervous disease ; but taking all these into account, 
the average among our ladies is forty-six. Races, being essen- 
tially distinct, have each their peculiarities in menstruation. 
It is said that Hindoo women run from twelve to sixty, when 



566 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

free from disease; and the Laplanders and other races have 
different peculiarities and eccentricities. 

Ovulation and menstruation stand together, very nearly as 
cause and effect. Periodicity is an element in a woman's nature. 
Vaginal blood, even if it occurs with periodicity, when late 
•in life, may not be menstrual, but may come from conges- 
tion, ulceration at the neck, polypi, and other morbid states. 
Still there are, as we know, rare cases of cessation at sixty-two 
or later, in strong constitutions, so it is well to be guarded. 
Cases at sixty and seventy menstruating are mostly due to- 
some disease. Out of one-half million women who became 
mothers from under twenty to above fifty, seven thousand bore 
children from forty-five to fifty years of age, and one hundred 
and sixty-seven were mothers after they passed their fiftieth 
vear. Cases of menstruation admit of great variation. Iso- 
lated cases are met with at six; more numerous at eight to 
eleven. Still there are a greater number late, from eighteen to 
twenty-two; while the general average does not vary from 
fourteen to forty-six. 

Ovarian activity, then, is commensurate with constitutional 
vigor. An unusual prolongation of ovarian life and longevity 
indicates a healthy condition of the functions of vegetative 
life, and when prolonged, it implies great vigor, strength, and 
endurance, and means a good old age. 

During the wear and tear, struggles, hopes, cares, sorrows, 
vicissitudes of life, the ovaries are often simply paralyzed, and 
their action suspended; when the difficulty is removed their 
function will be resumed. Visceral disease has the same effect ; 
when the disease is cured, and better health brought about, 
their activity is restored. There may be a stoppage for a long* 
time, and then a recurrence. 

A woman past the age of fifty-three may be regarded beyond 
the age of child-bearing, except in very rare and exceptional 
cases. Pregnancy late in life is often mistaken for other dis- 
eases; and late labor is dangerous to the mother; indeed, it 
may be regarded as an extraordinary risk. 

Cessation is often delayed by morbid blood and affections of 
the womb and nerves, ulceration of the os. We will again 
repeat that there may be uterine bleeding without menstruation. 
It should not be called menstrual unless it occurs between four- 
teen and forty-six ; comes periodically, or with periodical par- 
oxysms, and the blood has the characteristics subsequently de- 
scribed. On the approach of a fever, or pneumonia, or intense 
worn*, or excitement, the womb of an elderly lady may bleed. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 567 

Early cessation is very common, and consists in a premature 
paralysis of the ovaries; and this extinguishment of the re- 
productive force may be caused by hard work, worry, miscar- 
riage, or induced abortions, falls on back, cold, fright, wet, 
purging, cholera, fever, long trouble, drugs, occupations — all 
paralyzing influences. It is called early any time before forty- 
six, whether it be at twenty-one, twenty-eight, thirty-five, or 
forty-two. This condition runs in families ; mothers and 
daughters resemble each other in this special department only. 
Women of the same family usually begin to menstruate at the 
same date ; have the same kind of trouble, same eccentricities, 
same complications ; cease at the same time, with the same 
peculiarities; and even die under the same conditions. In 
this alone they resemble the mother; in their mental charac- 
teristics and conformation, they are specially the same as the 
father. 

Prostitution has a fearfully deteriorating influence on both 
brain and ovaries, and causes a loss of reproductive power. The 
vagina of a woman whose sexual act is loose and varied is cold ; 
it has lost its vital vigor and contractility; it has no vivify- 
ing influence on the male. Its mucous membrane is purple or 
livid ; it has none of the cherry redness of the virgin, and it is 
even in a more dilapidated condition than that of the woman 
after the change. As a consequence, if they live over the three 
years allotted to their abnormal existence, they change, irre- 
spective of age. Even the conditions of life have a modifying 
influence on menstruation and change ; the former comes on late 
in the poor and ceases early, whereas in the rich, it is early and 
holds on longer. 

Menstruation usually takes place about the period of full 
moon in about two-thirds of all cases ; the other one-third in the 
middle of the month. In spite of this disparity, there can be 
no doubt but that ovulation is regular, inevitable, uninter- 
rupted ; but the menstrual function shifts, owing to some special 
attribute of the nervous system, and this fact shows that it is 
governed by nervous influence, and explains how strong emo- 
tion may repel or alter the time of its appearance. 

Menstruation is the effect of ovarian action, the shedding of 
an ovule : but the menstrual flow, or a discharge of blood can 
occur without ovulation, just as ovulation may occur without 
menstruation. Nervous emotion, overexertion, reading sexu- 
ally exciting literature, passion, hearing disagreeable news, 
fatigue, quarrel, and jars will bring on menstruation in some 



568 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ladies without an ovule being shed. That sudden passion 
should cause the uterine surface to perspire blood is a well- 
known effect. 

The average duration of the menstrual function is thirty-two 
years, which is the possible duration of female fecundity, and 
that of each successive generation. The mode of stoppage in 
the largest percentage of women is by a gradual diminution of 
the flow ; by a sudden stoppage of the usual flow, or by a flood- 
ing or successive floodings, or by alternate copious or scanty 
flow, or at irregular intervals longer or shorter than twenty- 
one days. The greatest number exhibit a diminution, a gradual 
decrease in quantity, and also in the time of its duration; the 
other class, where it is erratic and the duration irregular; the 
next class, where there is flooding, the flow growing less and 
less, and at long intervals apart, till it becomes a mere show. 
The discharge, at first like blood, becomes blacker and blacker, 
clotty, then like cinder-dust or dirty-green water; in other 
cases like a lochial discharge in smell. The menses, in health, 
are not to be regarded as pure blood, there are certain chemi- 
cal elements in them induced by the brain, ovarian act, the 
presence of the ovule, that renders this blood totally different 
from the blood circulating through the lady's body ; so much so 
if it is absorbed, owing to sudden suppression, it will not mix, 
but is thrown off at some weak point in the skin, lungs, nose, 
bowels ; it is sweet, not saltish like pure blood, but prior to and 
during the change it is still further altered in quality, whether 
it be scanty or profuse, at first paler in color, or later, brown or 
simply green water. As a rule ovarian influence begins to fail 
before menstruation becomes irregular, because when the sex- 
ual organs are healthy their loss of power is gradual, the ova- 
rian forces become feebler and feebler, until they can no longer 
determine any influence over the uterus and the discharge 
subsides. 

Many women, under false teaching and with modern thought, 
Entertain the idea of having their ovaries removed so as to 
escape the menopause. Such an operation is never justifiable, 
unless there be diseases of the oviducts sufficient to destroy its 
integrity, such as solid or malignant tumors, blood-cysts, ec- 
topic gestation, etc. In such cases there should be no pro- 
crastination, but every therapeutic measure must first be tried 
to exhaustion. We are strongly opposed to their removal in all 
cases, because it cuts off the internal secretion, alters a woman's 
whole nature, and is productive of insanity. An ovary and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 569 

Fallopian tube should never be removed unless the most tang- 
ible evidence exists of irreparable organic disease. 

The extreme frequency of gonorrhea and post-partum 
endometritis wrecks many women, but never justifies their re- 
moval. 

All women at the change should be placed upon a course of 
tonics and alteratives, in which thyroid extract and c. p. solution 
should be a chief agent ; and if any other malady exhibits itself, 
treat on general principles. 

Flushes of heat alternated with coldness, burning in the 
palms of hands and soles of the feet, stone bruises, abnormal 
sensations in the skin, headaches, fetor of breath, insomnia, 
gastric disturbance, gastralgia, hematemesis, diarrhea, hemor- 
rhoidal stools and many other conditions of neurasthenia, all 
of which she may suffer, or pay tribute, owing to the insuf- 
ficiency or want of ovarian secretion, which point to general 
nervous depression and absorption of useless products. 

In fifty years' practice my chief reliance for ameliorating 
those symptoms of nervous depression, of molding the entire 
system into new ruts or channels, has been cinchona, sometimes 
as an infusion, in other cases as a comp. tincture cinchona, as a 
wine, and, if need be, in the form of Warburg's tincture, to- 
gether with daily bathing, keeping the secretions active, and 
with good diet. For the unbalanced mental state, whatever 
form it assumes, the same remedies, but add to them thyroid 
extract and c. p. solution of spermin. 

Independent of either cancer or polypus, hemorrhages at the 
change are not infrequent. Best treated by rest ; every means 
possible to improve the general health ; bathing, diet and a free 
exhibition of the wine of aletris farinosa. There is no remedy 
so valuable as this, in promoting the vital integrity of the 
uterus, and even in such cases in which the germs of cancer 
and polypus exist. 

These hemorrhages are often associated with heart failure : 
if so creatinin, the alkaloid of the heart-muscle, must never be 
omitted. The secondary action of digitalis and strophanthus 
proves well as a cardiac bracer. 

Cyanosis often occurs ; spartein and digitalis often relieve it. 

Rheumatism and gout are often leading features of the 
change. The acute form is rare, and when it occurs glycerite 
of wintergreen is usually sufficient. The chronic form, what 
is termed nodular rheumatism and gout, is most common ; usu- 
ally it is relieved by either colchicum or the uric acid solvent, 
or by general tonics and alteratives. 



5/0 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Nymphomania and pruritus are more rarely seen, and when 
present should be treated with large doses of the green root 
tincture gelsemium, and copious vaginal injections of a solution 
of boroglycerid, followed by pastils of life-root. 

Diabetes, the true glucose diathesis, at the cessation of the 
menses, is apparently on the increase. Strong-minded women 
are its victims. Usually all the leading symptoms are well de- 
fined : The abnormal appetite for food and drink ; the inde- 
scribable languor; constipation; urine of a very high specific 
gravity, averaging from 1035 to 1060; chloroform breath, and 
amaurosis. Usually most amenable to treatment. 

In all cases sumbul, 5 to 10 grains at meals, completely ar- 
rests the evolution of the glucose fungus, — a most important 
point, as all symptoms become much ameliorated ; even the spe- 
cific gravity of the urine often becomes normal — 1015. Vari- 
ous remedies will aid in carrying her over the crisis, such as 
comp. matricaria, kephalin, passiflora, thyroid extract and c. p. 
solution of spermin. It is rare for cataract to form in women. 

Pneumonia occurring at the change has been rather of grave 
significance. Still, it is well not to deviate from the line of 
successful treatment. Passiflora in sufficient doses to control 
all irritability; sulphide of calcium as an antiseptic and blood- 
liquefying agent, and concentrated tincture of kirchicin as a 
vitalizing tonic, with local stimulation over the damaged lung, 
sufficient to excite leukocytosis. 

According to my experience inflammation of the lungs at 
the change is most frequently double; hence the most gigantic 
efforts should be pushed to aid nature in her efforts. Veratrum 
in small doses should in all cases be combined with the passi- 
flora. All other maladies appearing at the change should be 
treated on general principles. 

MENSTRUATION, ITS DISEASES.— In the Caucasian 
female menstruation takes place between fifteen and forty-five 
years of age; in some cases a little sooner, in others later. The 
sanguineous exudation, in health, takes place every twenty-eight 
days, and in quantity varies from one to four ounces, and is un- 
accompanied by pain. Two-thirds of all ladies menstruate 
about the end of the month, the other one-third about the four- 
teenth. In a condition of health, this periodic evolution should 
be regular; no arrest, nor excess, nor difficulty, only during 
pregnancy and nursing, when it should cease. If it does not 
suspend during pregnancy, and for fifteen months after the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 571 

birth of the child, the proper duration of lactation, measures 
must be taken to cause its disappearance, as it is highly detri- 
mental to the health of the child. These measures should con- 
sist of an avoidance of coition, or reading of our modern liter- 
ature, in the daily use of hip-baths, and remedies like aletris 
wine and partridge berry to strengthen the system. There are 
three different morbid conditions of menstruation, — amen- 
orrhea, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia. 

Menorrhagia. — Too great a flow or loss of blood at the 
menstrual period, or otherwise, is traceable in numerous in- 
stances to the presence of microbes in the blood or their pto- 
mains ; even such constitutional causes as scurvy, hemorrhagic 
diathesis, cardiac and hepatic disease have their primary origin 
in disease germs; and even the local causes, such as pelvic 
congestion, endometritis, metritis, adenoma, polypus, fibroid 
tumors, carcinoma or sarcoma, retained products of concep- 
tion, hematocele, ovarian disease as cvstic defeneration. 

Constitutional causes vary with age. 

Prior to and subsequent to puberty — often due to a want of 
nerve force — the vasomotor nervous system in general is feeble, 
tissues lax, a characteristic of rapid growth ; and in woman ap- 
proaching the forties, malignant disease; after the change, 
atrophic degeneration. 

Among medicinal agents, none are so productory of hemor- 
rhage as the coal-tar derivatives, bearing the names of anti- 
pyrin, antifebrin, methylene blue, etc., because they tend to 
break down the red blood-cells, depress the motor and sensory 
nerves, paralyze the heart, and give rise to inertia of the uterus. 
It is a matter of regret that we have such remedies, as they give 
rise to so many morbid conditions. 

Our tropical climate, fast living, sedentary habits, sexual 
excesses, are productive of it. 

In all conditions of menorrhagia there are two remedies 
which stand forward as uterine tonics and reconstructive 
agents, and these are the ozonized comp. syrup of partridge 
berry and wine of aletris farinosa. 

With reference to the partridge berry, it is undoubtedly the 
most important therapeutic agent that has ever been presented 
to the medical profession for the treatment of diseases of the 
female reproductive organs. It possesses most extraordinary 
curative properties in all devitalized states of the uterus or its 
appendages, aids a renewal of life in all its weakened parts. It 
is a great uterine vitalizer and tonic, possesses the peculiar prop- 



572 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

erty of evolving organic elements in the complex uterine sys- 
tem, and proves eminently beneficial in all cases where the func- 
tions of the uterus or the ovaries are either dormant or de- 
ranged. 

In atrophy, its exhibition stimulates growth; in all cata- 
menial disorders it is the rectifier : in all chaotic states incidental 
to pregnancy it is the great equalizer, overcoming nausea, vom- 
iting, albuminuria, thereby wiping out all tendency to con- 
vulsions from toxalbumin, preventing miscarriage, imparting 
such strength to the uterus that parturition is almost painless. 

Unquestionably the best remedy we have when puberty is 
retarded or sterility is present. 

It is indicated in all states of uterine debility or weakness, 
such as chlorosis, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia; all forms of 
displacements; metritis, endometritis, ovaritis; in induration 
and ulceration of the cervix : leukorrheal melancholia ; uremic 
eclampsia ; cancer. 

Dose : Best administered in doses of from one to two tea- 
spoonfuls three or four times a day for a week, then suspend 
for five days ; in the interval the patient should be placed upon 
the ozonized aletris farinosa, then the use of the ozonized par- 
tridge berry should be recommenced. As it is a remedy whose 
efficacy is best noted after a six months' course, this break is 
essential. 

As an appetizing tonic no remedy can excel the ozonized 
comp. matricaria, and if the nervous system requires the aid of 
a bracing constructive, the c. p. solution of spermin. 

Every case of uterine hemorrhage deserves immediate atten- 
tion, especially if there be pelvic pain and breaking down of the 
general health. 

MENTHOL (Mentha Arvensis). — Japanese peppermint, a 
camphoraceous body, is a bactericide of considerable power in 
influenza and catarrhal affections. 

Administered orally as follows : Menthol, i dram; fluid ex- 
tract licorice, water, brandy, of each 3 ounces; carbolic acid. 
20 grains ; oil of origanum. 20 drops. Mix. Four drops every 
3 hours. 

For inhaling either by atomizer, spray, or other methods. 

Incorporation of menthol with other methods in nasal ca- 
tarrh. 

Menthol cones, the crystals put up in cones, in closely-fitting 
boxes or bottles, on account of the exceedin^lv volatile nature 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 573 

of the drug. In this form success has attended its use in head- 
ache, facial neuralgia, sciatica, by rubbing it over the affected 
part. 

MESENTERY. — Tabes mesenterica, a disease of infantile 
life. The mesentery belongs to that class of blood-raising- 
glands, as the lymphatics, pink marrow ; any damage to it, in- 
filtration of its proper structure with either the products of in- 
flammation or the bacillus of tubercle, renders it unfit to per- 
form its functions. 

The summer diarrhea of infants, with its green stools, or 
prolonged cholera infantum, creates a tubercular diathesis, and 
the local irritation of the comma bacillus in the bowels gives 
rise to eusion of tubercle throughout the entire gland; the 
abdomen enlarges, the blood becomes anemic, and the amount 
of the tubercular bacilli in the mesentery is so great that it 
quickly undergoes its usual metamorphosis, — milky, cheesy, 
calcareous. 

If possible get rid of the cause, which is usually summer 
diarrhea or cholera infantum, by a selection from such reme- 
dies as periodate aurum, lactic acid, resorcin, stone crop, guai- 
acol aided with proper diet, fresh, cool air, bathing. 

If the mesentery has become infiltrated largely or immensely 
with the tubercular bacillus, which is known by the white skin, 
dry hair, triangular features, profound emaciation (a living 
skeleton), with a greatly enlarged abdomen — when the tubercle 
has undergone degenerative changes, cheesy, calcareous, the 
abdomen can be felt lumpy, knobby, hard. The tubercle in both 
the blood and mesentery must be destroyed, the integrity of 
vital force not only maintained but elevated, for which a physi- 
cian will select two of the following remedies, administer al- 
ternately and change weekly, viz. : Glycerite of ozone, car- 
bonate of guaiacol, hypophosphite of potassium, glycero-iodine 
in sweet milk, glycerite or kephalin. Over abdomen, a roller 
flannel ; underneath it either guaiacol ointment or concentrated 
ozone, with menthol or without, jelly of violets and ichthyol. 
Bathing morning and night, followed by inunction of warm 
olive oil and guaiacol. Bathing in a solution of pine-tree nee- 
dles, iodine and sea salt. 

METRITIS (Acute). — The causes which give rise to acute 
inflammation of the uterus are very varied, such as injuries 
from instruments introduced, cold, rheumatism, suppression of 
the menses, retention of placental debris. 



574 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The symptoms : Inflammation of the uterus, acute ; pain in 
the back, darting to the pubes and down the thighs; frequent 
chills ; fever ; pulse quick, wiry, feeble, or slow ; breasts tender, 
painful ; pain in sacrum in act of defecation, nausea, vomiting ; 
gives rise to hysteria, induration, softening, abscess, gangrene. 

A depression of the great sympathetic, exposure to cold or 
wet, hard labor, violence of any kind, a disregard of sanitary 
conditions, may give rise to a partial death of the uterine body. 

There is no condition of life, between 15 and 45, that can 
give immunity from acute inflammation of the uterus in mar- 
ried or single life. The uterus is abundantly supplied with 
blood-vessels and nerves, in constant excitement and activity, 
its anatomical structure perfect, and there is nothing to pre- 
vent metritis and the evolution of bacteria, provided uterine col- 
lapse has occurred. Toxins of the most deadly character are 
evolved. 

The question naturally arises, Has our newer remedies, mod- 
ern methods lessened its severity or diminished the mortality of 
acute metritis ? Most assuredly not. Our only safeguard in all 
cases is narcotism with opium; thorough uterine stimulation 
with the uterine cones, one every hour, and the local application 
of ozonized turpentine over the entire abdomen, until a blush 
is apparent, when it should be removed, covered with sweet oil, 
and after a little the turpentine should be reapplied again and 
again. 

Resolution, under these three remedies, will take place, pro- 
vided they are energetically and judiciously pushed to obtain 
perfect uterine stimulation. 

As a tonic vitalizer of the uterine body, follow with the wine 
of aletris farinosa, a never- failing remedy to brace up the fibres 
of a relaxed uterus. 

A prolonged course of the wine of aletris farinosa is always 
followed by the most gratifying results. 

Acute symptoms overcome, treat same as chronic inflamma- 
tion. 

Chronic metritis may be a sequel of an acute attack, but more 
generally it comes on of itself; it is very common, undermines 
the health of a large percentage of American women, but 
treated with rest, vaginal injections and pastils, recovery is fre- 
quent; the sovereign remedy in all cases is the wine of aletris 
farinosa. 

Acute and chronic inflammation of the neck of the uterus 
can exist for a long period of time, isolated without invading 
the body of the uterus. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 575 

Modern bacteriological researches have demonstrated that 
the external os uteri formed a boundary between the lower part 
of the genital tract containing micro-organisms and an upper 
containing none. The alkaline cervical mucus is destructive to 
micro-organisms introduced from without, and so forms a pro- 
tection to the uterus, tubes and ovaries. There are two mi- 
crobes which resist the destructive action of the cervical secre- 
tions, namely, the gonococcus and tubercular bacillus. For 
these the defensive means are unavailing. The bacillus of 
syphilis, tuberculosis, diphtheria and cancer give rise to erosions 
of the cervix and mucous membrane, but have not the power of 
migration. Internally gelsemium, locally pastils of life-root, 
alternated with boroglycerid, meet all the indications with cer- 
tainty. 

These cases, if not promptly cured, invariably merge into 
cancer of the uterus, for which extirpation is never efficacious, 
as the primary neoplasm is in the blood. The mysterious evo- 
lution of the cancer microbe, a sequel of metritis, is due'to some 
cellular anomaly in the blood. 

It is well in all cases of either acute or chronic metritis, after 
recovery, to institute a treatment calculated to prevent an evolu- 
tion of the cancer germ in the blood, such as comp. saxifraga 
alternated with the aletris cordial. 

MICROBES. — To the eye of the modern scientist there is 
a microscopical world in the atmosphere, water, earth ; as he 
rinds all swarming with germs, he sees them in the motes of the 
sunbeam; in the morning mist, in the dust which settles on the 
window and floor, and the question naturally suggests itself, 
what are they? They are the living elements of animals and 
plants, in a state of transition, which hold an intermediate place 
in nature. Their function, their place in the fabric of the 
world, is to pull down, destroy, reduce to elementary forms, 
by a process of disintegration, of eating up each respective tis- 
sue in detail, the more highly organized products of plants 
and animals, before their conversion into cadaveric alkaloids. 

To form some conception of this microscopical world, it is 
necessary to compare them with some known object. Place 
them in a row, it would take 1,500 of them to reach across the 
head of a pin. 

These bodies vary in shape and size, some in the form of 
spheres ; others, straight spinal rods, covered by a membrane 
or capsule, pale, translucent bodies, which in order to study 
correctly must be stained. 



576 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Warmth, moisture, oxygen and some amount of organic 
matter are necessary for their growth, which if present, their 
growth is prodigious. A single one will divide and subdivide, 
until it has produced sixteen million five hundred thousand in 
twenty-four hours, and these will continue to multiply in like 
manner as long as they are favorably environed. There are 
numerous varieties; all have the faculty of self -movement, of 
nourishing themselves, and reproducing their kind. They make 
radical changes in organic matter, rendering it available for use 
and for the continuance of all life. 

Microbes, in the cycle of life, have a role to play which can- 
not be dispensed with. 

Plants cannot feed upon dead animals nor upon a fallen tree 
until they have undergone a rotting process. This process is 
the special business of the microbes. They lay hold of all dead 
matter by the million, pull apart, disintegrate, reduce to prim- 
ary elements the raw material on which plants may begin again - 
Were it not for the disintegrative work of microbes, plant and 
animal life would reach a deadlock ; if all microbes would sus- 
pend operations, the earth would be covered with dead plants 
and animals, in whose tissues would be locked up, out of reach 
of new life, the circulating medium of all living things ; as it 
is, they are ever busy aiding fermentation, putrefaction, decay 
— they are the ever-living scavengers, in transforming dead, de- 
caying matter into nutrition for plants, cereals, etc. 

In the study of microbes they are divided into two general 
divisions, one class which are peculiar to and subsist upon dead 
organic matter, and the other class which are pathogenic of 
some special disease — or as some authors put it, technically 
classed as schizomycetse, or splitting fungi, and then divided 
into two classes — the saprophytic and parasitic — the first being 
those which carry on decay and deal with the dead rather than 
the living, while the second find their abode in every living- 
thing. 

To the farmer, microbes are his ever-ready slaves; so in the 
cycle of crops, his soil needs replenishing with phosphates, sul- 
phates and nitrates ; the two first are abundant in earth depos- 
its ; but nitrates are the products of life ; therefore the supply is 
limited, although the nitrogen of our atmosphere can be gath- 
ered by certain plants if aided by a microbe that forms tubercles 
on their roots ; red clover, peas, beans are of this class. This 
microbe assists the plant to get its nitrogen supply from the 
atmosphere. Rejuvenation of soil takes place from such crops- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 577 

— it saves the life world from bankruptcy, as all the nitrates are 
lost in permitting sewage to run off into our lakes, rivers, seas. 

In the curing of milk ; heating, cooling, thawing and ref reez- 
ing of cream, microbes are evolved, which in their growth ex- 
crete a most deadly poison (tyrotoxicon) ; in butter-making, 
microbes do it. 

Active microbe workers produce beer, wine, vinegar, lactic, 
.acetic and citric acids — produce mold upon bread, the rot in 
vegetables ; some microbes cannot live alongside of others — the 
toxins excreted by one often kill the other, whereas others 
again cannot live separately, as the action of one liberates ma- 
terials upon which the other feeds and grows. 

In all conditions of partial death, in the human body, mi- 
crobes are ever ready to proceed to disintegrate the tissue, and 
reduce them to their primary elements ; whether the cause are 
as precursors or simply the attending evolution, it is here un- 
necessary to discuss. . 

Depreciate the nervous system of man, either by overwork, 
meagre, adulterated food, want of sunlight, deleterious trades, 
insanitary states, disease, or impair the vitality of any animal, 
— if so the microbe of tuberculosis will put in an appearance 
somewhere in the body that happens to be weakened. A very 
large percentage of the human race, and domestic animals, have 
this germ either latent or active in their blood and tissues. 

In an active state, tubercular disease in some form. To erad- 
icate this microbe there are two essential points to be attained : 
(1) it must be killed, its destructive metamorphosis arrested; 
toxins neutralized; (2) vitality must be raised. 

To effec!- the first, saturate the affected individual with 
guaiacol, administer the mixture orally, by inhalation, by sup- 
pository, inunction by the skin, plaster; administer glycerites 
of ozone, preparations of the pine and other germicides. 

To effect the second — that is, raise the standard of vital 
force by abundant nutrition, best of food, fresh air, sunlight, 
woolen clothing — administer matficaria, kephalin, c. p. solution 
•of spermin, avena sativa. protonuclein, baths, massage. 

Statistics corroborate the assertion of the National Bacteri- 
ological Society that 80 per cent of the heterogeneous population 
of North America suffer from the presence of this microbe in 
the blood stream. 

Next in order of frequency, in every-day life, are the vene- 
real microbes, gonococcus and syphilis. 

The gonococcus is a direct evolution of promiscuous sexual 



578 The Germicide 20fH Century Practice 

intercourse, loose and varied, a few women among many men 
— masturbation, the damage, the partial death productive of the 
act, also gives it an origin. It is excessively common, ex- 
tremely infectious, and to some extent contagious- — its toxin is 
inimical to all sexual vitality — destructive to the testes and 
ovaries, blights the white fibrous tissues, and thus resembles 
the toxins of rheumatism. The best remedies to kill and wipe 
out this microbe are the mistura llaretta internally and the 
washing out of the urethra or vagina, after every act of mictu- 
rition, with distillation of eucalyptus. 

The microbe syphilitica is altogether a very different germ 
from the preceding, and modern science is not yet prepared to 
assert how or in what way its evolution is brought about ; it is 
a microbe whose toxin has a terribly destructive action on every 
tissue of the body, and gives origin to every grade, type, species 
of disease. The brain (the nerves) has a greater store of vi- 
tality than all the bodily systems put together ; it is the last to 
mature, the last to grow old, a texture even after death that is 
long shrinking ; even this highly vitalized structure the toxin of 
syphilis will degenerate most rapidly. Highly contagious and 
infectious. 

The up-to-date remedies for annihilating this microbe are 
compound saxifraga, periodate aurum and comp. tincture mat- 
ricaria. 

Incidental to the condition of modern neurasthenia, great 
nervous depression, the uric acid diathesis appears on the ho- 
rizon — fermentation of the amylaceous and saccharine ele- 
ments of food in maldigestion, the microbe amylobacta, patho- 
genic of rheumatism, appears — easily found, readily cultivated, 
anaerobic, found in the softening of cheese ; in the fermentation 
of sauerkraut and in the souring of gherkins, and other forms 
of microbic change. In the process of bacterial growth a toxin 
is evolved which produces much havoc on the blood, on all 
the weakened white fibrous tissues of the body and the heart 
with its appendages. 

The acute and subacute forms are most successfully treated 
by the administration of the ozonized glycerite of wintergreen, 
the uric acid solvent, and matricaria, together with bathing, 
massage and nutrition. The chronic form yields more readily 
to comp. saxifraga, uric acid solvent and tonics. An ointment- 
or liniment of the oil of wintergreen in which chloroform is 
incorporated is the best local application. 

A hale, heartv individual receives a fracture of the ribs, with 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 579 

laceration of the lung substance, promptly giving us the pneu- 
mococcus in the rusty or prune sputum, and if the proper germ- 
icides are not administered pneumonia may set in. 

Let cold, wet, exposure, inhalation of irritants be brought 
to bear on the devitalized body, congestion, red and gray hepati- 
zation of the larger aerating surface of the lungs may take 
place and form a most aggravated case of acute pneumonia; 
toxins in prodigious abundance may be excreted, so great that 
they themselves will kill the pneumococci, produce a crisis, with 
recovery. 

Few patients can withstand the action of the coal-tar deriva- 
tives, antipyrin and phenacetin, in pneumonia, as they paralyze 
the heart. 

Let the remedies be stimulation and nutrition, prompt local 
stimulation over the damaged lung, with veratrum viride, passi- 
flora incarnata. sulphide of calcium and quinine internally. The 
indication for the latter remedy in all cases is, it dissipates pul- 
monary congestion, which is effected through an increase in 
the diastolic movement of both heart and arterioles. It also 
re-enforces the medullary nerve centres, enables them better to 
resist vagus irritation, limits the area of filtration, and arrests 
the tendency to death. Like all microbic maladies, contagious 
and infectious. 

There is no difference either in the rot or blight in the vege- 
table and animal kingdom, their etiology is the same — an im- 
poverished soil. Of late years diphtheria has been carefully 
studied the conclusion reached is that it is a blood disease, a 
true rot ; the exudation upon the throat or elsewhere is the re- 
sult, and common among all domestic animals — propagated by 
contagion and infection. If it be due to an exhausted system 
— all are agreed on this. Two classes of remedies are required 
to check its progress — germicides and fortifiers. Germicides 
internally and locally, to alter the character of the blood and 
build up vital force — the sulphates are natural antidotes to 
such a soil ; so we find in practice the ozonized glycerite of sul- 
phur a safe, sure, exceedingly valuable remedy, administered in 
small but frequent doses, until the system is saturated with the 
remedy, which will be known by its acting upon the bowels ; 
then diminish dose, give less frequently. Sulphide of lime and 
the chlorides are good remedies. 

No antitoxin can cure diphtheria. Glandered horse serum 
contains one-eighth of a 1 per cent solution of carbolic acid, 
will not do it, but it will produce degenerative changes in the 



580 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

heart, kidneys, brain, and probably kill the child. All hypo- 
dermic treatment is injurious. If any physician who believes 
in the tainted horse-serum craze would use hypodermically the 
one-eighth of a 1 per cent solution of carbolic acid in its stead 
he would obtain the same results without degenerative changes, 
and without feeding grasping corporations. Stimulants and 
nutrition to get the system strengthened by any possible way. 

Some bacteriologists assert that in neurasthenia a degrada- 
tion of the living matter concerned in the nutrition of the nerv- 
ous system takes place, which gives us the typhoid fever germ, 
as we find in all cases of nerve prostration the micrococci of 
this germ infiltrated in the follicular glands of the intestines; 
in the mesentery, liver, spleen, swarming, even multiplying in 
the human blood. Even in this stage of incubation, contagious 
and infectious, the full-fledged germ, the typhoid fever organ- 
ism, has great tenacity of life, can live for a long time in the 
soil, as there it gets fresh supplies of organic matter at in- 
tervals. From grass soil and river pollution the organisms 
spread by wind, land and water into our bodies through food 
products and otherwise. 

The essentials of sound treatment are to build up vital force 
hy nursing, bathing and nutrition, and to kill the germ in the 
intestinal glands. For this latter many remedies are recom- 
mended. We would suggest to our readers to try the great in- 
testinal germicide, siegesbeckie, in tablet form. The annihila- 
tion of the germ gives rise to diminished metabolism, in les- 
sened destructive metamorphosis ; the heart is relieved from its 
embarrassment, its action becomes improved, the liability to 
cardiac failure is mitigated, and the febrile process abates, and 
a natural performance of all organs takes place ; even the excre- 
tion of urea, phosphates and chlorides in the urine is dimin- 
ished, and a ready, rapid assimilation of the blood elements 
from the food taken is the result. 

A partial death of the mucous membrane of the lips, cheek, 
gums, tongue, nipples, from any cause, either toxins in the 
Mood, or cracks, abrasions, fissures, known as sore mouth, 
promptly gives us an evolution of the microbes oidium albicans 
and the leptothrix buccalis, germs which have a remarkable ten- 
dency to break down tissue, and are communicated by infection, 
and possibly contagion — germs which are easily annihilated, 
provided ordinary antiseptic precautions are observed with a 
tepid solution of ozonized boroglycerid — or simply touching 
the fissures or sores with oil of thuja. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 581 

When the Schneiderian membrane of the nose suffers a par- 
tial death, the living elements concerned in its nutrition are 
-changed, altered, degraded into a disease germ ameba, we have 
what is known as nasal catarrh, a contagious and infectious 
malady. Very common in all sections of the country and one 
which, by migration, causes a great havoc in the olfactory tract, 
sinuses of the head, Eustachian tubes, bronchi — and by its tox- 
ins impairs the integrity of the brain and blood. 

Chronic nasal catarrh gives rise to congestion, hypertrophy 
and other pathological changes in nose and blood. 

Douches or inhalation of ozone and chlorine will vitalize the 
lining membranes of the nose, will either kill or drive out every 
germ. This can be effected, but organic changes, brought about 
by this and other germs, require a course of careful medication 
with comp. saxifraga as an alterative and matricaria as a 
tonic. 

If nasal catarrh be not cured by local microbicides and a 
highly constructive constitutional course, the ameba will eat up 
all the tissue for which it has an affinity, and the microbe of 
ozena, with its pungent, gangrenous odor, will appear. 

Here push tonics, thyroid extract, protonuclein, matricaria, 
kephalin, most nutritious diet; cleanse the whole nasal cavity 
daily, with either a tepid solution of ozonized boroglycerid or 
ozone et chlorine or the formal lotion, thorough douching; later 
on a nasal spray of five drops of tincture of iodine to the ounce 
of water, twice daily, a mild but efficient antiseptic — it does 
away with all clap-traps, such as powders and iodoform, boracic 
acid, gelatin, nasal bougies, and the like. 

Let the mucous membrane of the stomach suffer a partial 
death from beer drinking, tobacco chewing, inordinate eating 
or drugging, a condition termed gastric catarrh or mucous 
dyspepsia, with all the horrors of fermentation, the yeast plant 
and the sarcinse ventriculi will suffer an evolution. 

To effect a cure these microbes must be annihilated, toxins 
neutralized, the integrity of the mucous coat of the stomach 
restored, revitalized. An infusion of kaki will do this, or 
siegesbeckie tablets, or ichthyol in capsules and the mucous coat 
of the stomach strengthened by the administration of matri- 
caria. 

The increasing prevalence of cancer, appearing in all ages, 
in all conditions of life, has led some eminent bacteriologists to 
the conclusion that this microbe will eventually cause the ex- 
termination of the human race. It is the germ of all germs. 



582 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

extremely contagious and infectious, its dissemination is with- 
out a parallel, its ravages prodigious; no organ, gland, struc- 
ture, tissue of the human body exempt from its evolution, when 
malnutrition and degenerative changes set in. 

The cream of the medical profession, the brightest, most in- 
tellectual physicians in America and Great Britain, are now 
using their best energies in placing a "stay" on its further 
progress by the use of germicides and reconstructive agents :. 
all have one idea, the betterment of our race, the blotting out 
of a dangerous microbe. Some physicians report great results 
from the administration of the ozonized thyroid extract; others 
from conium et phytolacca ; still another class from comp. saxi- 
f raga and protonuclein ; whereas some shrewd observers admin- 
ister Chian turpentine mistura and glycerite of sulphur to cure 
the malady ; but where does the prophylaxis come in ? 

Three of the leading pathogenic microbes "visible" among- 
the people of the United States are the bacillus of tubercle, 
syphilis, and cancer — three contagious and infectious maladies : 
the germ of each may invade any tissue of the body provided it- 
be weakened. The toxin of each of these microbes effects grave 
changes in the blood, diminishing the red, increasing the white 
corpuscles, and otherwise toxically affecting them. 

Another microbe, "invisible," which is affecting the entire 
nation, is the bacillus of neurasthenia, the outcome of over- 
exertion, strain, worry, sexual excesses. 

According to the light of modern science, we are compelled 
in the treatment of the grave changes produced by those germs 
to abandon the accumulated teachings and experience of ages, 
and adopt a newer materia medica. 

1. We now find that the most efficacious drugs, to destroy 
and sterilize the tubercular bacillus, are the glycerite of ozone : 
guaiacol, orally, cutaneously, inhalation and by the rectum: 
preparations of the pine needles, either as ozonized tar syrup or 
pine-tree tablets, or by inhalation ; thyroid extract, protonuclein 
and c. p. solution of spermin. 

2. For the annihilation of the bacillus of syphilis : ozonized 
saxifraga comp. and chloride of gold and platinum, periodate 
aurum are now more successfully used than the mercurial prep- 
arations. 

3. To wipe out the cancer microbe, Chian turpentine mis- 
tura; comp. saxifraga and phytolacca, glycerite of sulphur, pro- 
tonuclein, thyroid, c. p. solution of spermin. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 583 

Matricaria is conceded to be the best tonic in the three varie- 
ties, together with abundance of good food and fresh air. 

All microbic diseases are both contagions and infections, and 
should be so classified. 

MICTURITION. — The act of urinating or passing water. 
Urine is an excrementitial fluid secreted from the cortical part 
of the kidney, filtered through the tubular portion, poured by 
drops from the apices of the tubular papillae into the pelves of 
the kidney and transmitted to the ureters, which convey it 
slowly, painlessly and continuously into the bladder, where it 
is deposited until its accumulation excites a desire to void it. 
The excretion of the fluid takes place through the urethra, 
which is caused by the action of the abdominal muscles and the 
diaphragm and the contraction of the fibrous coat of the blad- 
der. 

Of the varieties of pain to which our poor humanity is heir, 
none is more distressing or more insistent than pain on passing 
water. This must necessarily be the case, because of the ex- 
treme importance to the organism of the proper exercise of 
the urinary function. Through this exit pass away the nitro- 
genous elements of tissue metabolism, of the excess of albu- 
minous matter taken as food, and of the products of microbic 
activity; three classes of bodies which, if retained in the sys- 
tem, gravely clog the wheels of life, and ultimately establish 
degenerative changes in the tissues. It is not then to be won- 
dered at that the urinary passages should have evolved acute 
sensibilities, so that any serious abnormal state is vividly im- 
pressed on the consciousness, and the individual thereby driven 
to seek a remedy .for a condition threatening the integrity of a 
vital function. 

The causes of pain on passing water are to be sought from 
the side of the passages or from the side of the urine which 
flows along them. The passages may be inflamed and hyperes- 
thetic from the effect of congenital malformation, mechanical 
injury, or microbic invasion; the urine ma}' be irritating, from 
concentration of uric acid, from precipitation of its crystals, 
from the evolution of the micrococcus ureas, in fermentation, 
from the presence of microbes and their toxins. Pain may be 
due from many causes both in the urine and in the passages, 
strictures are common ; inflammation of the passages, urethra, 
bladder, kidneys. "Whatever be the cause, it must be either re- 
moved or rectified. It is true it is but a symptom, and usually 



584 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the first thing we rush to is to administer alkalies. Alkaline 
urine is less irritating, less provocative of tenesmus when in 
contact with an inflamed surface. There are two remedies of 
intrinsic value in painful micturition well adapted to the ma- 
jority of cases, and they are the ozonized celery comp. alter- 
nated with the uric acid solvent. 

The administration of the celery compound in all cases of 
urinary pain or distress is of great utility, it promotes secretion, 
vitalizes the kidneys, and is very soothing to all the nerves of 
the urinary tract, and especially is this remedy indicated if there 
be any tendency to Bright's disease. 

Celery compound is curative in painful micturition. The 
ozonized uric acid solvent is one of our best antagonists to uric 
acid crystals ; it completely dissolves and eliminates them. 

The symptom of pain on passing water is, indeed, a very 
important one, and should never fail to meet with attention. 
It may be "nothing much," but it is more likely to be a danger 
signal of impending complications, which cannot remedy them- 
selves, but only tend to get worse if neglected. Slight pain may 
call attention to the gravest conditions of kidney disease, or 
diabetes, hitherto unsuspected ; while, with regard to other less 
dangerous states, it may be the first warning that anything is 
going wrong. 

MIDWIFERY, OR OBSTETRICS.— Pregnancy.— Con- 
ception consists in the fertilization of the ovum or egg of the 
female by the spermatozoa of the male in the ovaria; then 
fecundation takes place. There must be a union of the two 
materials furnished by both sexes; that is, the spermatozoa 
must unite with the egg in the ovary and fertilize it; and the 
embryo results from the union. The spermatozoa is ejaculated 
into the vagina ; the uterus, by inhibitory action and vermicular 
movements, takes it into its cavity and passes it along the Fal- 
lopian tubes to the ovaries. It may occur without the patient 
being conscious of its occurrence, or against her will. The 
most favorable period for conception to take place is either be- 
fore or after a menstruation. After the ovum is impregnated 
it increases in size, and becomes prominent on the ovarium; 
then absorption of its peritoneal coat takes place ; and when free 
is seized by the fimbriated extremities of the Fallopian tube and 
carried into the cavity of the uterus. The ovum as a general 
rule is found in the uterus twenty clays after impregnation, 
sooner or later. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 585 

After the exfoliation of the ovum from the ovary, an effusion 
of blood takes place into the cavity in which the egg was im- 
bedded, and this is followed by a corpus luteum. 

The human impregnated egg is very small, about the size 
of a dwarf pea. When impregnation takes place, the internal 
os uteri becomes closed by a soft gelatinous substance, and the 
internal lining membrane of the uterus throws out a flocculentor 
downy substance, which fills the cavity entirely. This is called 
the membrana decidua. and into this downy bed the ovum drops 
when it makes its exit from the Fallopian tube, and if not dis- 
turbed will form its attachment near the point of ingress and 
cause a growth of that part with which it comes in contact, and 
is called the decidua reflexa. So that the decidua is now di- 
vided into that portion lining and in contact with the uterus, 
called the decidua vera, and the other portion called the decidua 
reflexa. 

The embryo then becomes covered with two membranes, the 
chorion and amnion. The amnion is an internal lining serous 
membrane, which furnishes a fluid for the protection of the 
embryo ; allows space, facilitates motion and development of 
the fetus, and wards oft shocks, jars, concussions. 

The chorion or outside covering furnishes a means of com- 
munication with the uterus. The ovum, after its establishment 
within the uterus, consists of the decidua, decidua reflexa. 
chorion, amnion, liquor amnii. fetus and umbilical cord, with 
one extremity attached to the child, the other to the membranes 
at the point of attachment in the after-birth. The after-birth or 
placenta is a plexus of vessels by which the circulation is main- 
tained between mother and child, and by which the latter is 
nourished. When of full size it is from six to eight inches in 
diameter, and its thickness varies from a line to one inch, or 
more, at its centre. It has two surfaces, one attached to the 
uterus, which is rough, spongy, traversed by ditches, and the 
fetal side, which is lined by the amnion, which is smooth. 

For the first three months of intra-uterine existence this twig 
of humanity is called an embryo ; the latter six a fetus. As 
soon as impregnation takes place, the walls of the uterus become 
greatly infiltrated with blood, which increases the size of the 
vessels from being very small and convoluted to that of large 
and straight, the muscular fibres grow with perfect regularity. 
This increase of growth and development for the first three 
months is very great, so much so that the specific gravity of the 
uterus is so much that its broad ligaments are unable to hold it 



586 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

up, and it descends very low into the cavity of the pelvis, often 
nearly protruding. * After the fourth or fifth month this diffi- 
culty is entirely obviated by the uterus floating above the pubes, 
and at six months it is still higher. After the fifth month there 
is a /gradual distention of the body of the uterus, which en- 
croaches upon the neck, distending it, merging it into the body, 
and causing it to become shorter and shorter, until from the 
eighth to the ninth month it is entirely obliterated, that is, 
merged into the body. 

The duration of human pregnancy is about 275 days. This 
is subject to some variation, and the longest period is still un- 
determined. As labor occurs in the larger proportion of cases 
between 270 and 290 days from the last menstruation, it is 
usual to reckon either from the first or last day of this period, 
taking as the mean 280 days, or a little over nine calendar 
months. 

Parturition. — A physician when called to a case of labor 
should take with him his pocket and obstetrical cases ; some 
chloroform, ether, concentrated ozone, obstetric cones, ergot. 

For all highly civilized women, with a curved sacrum, the 
left side in a doubled-up position near the foot of the bed, with 
a sheet or something to hold by, during the pains of labor, is the 
best. This must be from below, up. Women lowly civilized, 
with nearly a straight sacrum, do about as well on their back or 
in a kneeling position. 

Examination. — Place the patient on the left side, ascertain 
the condition of the bladder and rectum; if loaded both must be 
thoroughly emptied. 

During a pain insert the index finger of right hand, well 
oiled ; note caref ully the condition of the vagina, the state of the 
membranes, capacity of pelvis, and determine, if possible, the 
presentation and position. Allow the finger to remain during 
the interval, and when the next pain comes, if not too long, 
make out the presentation before the membranes rupture. Do 
not press on the membranes during a pain. 

Presentations. — Labor and conception occur usually at a 
monthly period — the normal period of parturition corresponds 
to a menstrual, so that pregnancy occurs 280 days, more or less, 
as impregnation takes place before or after menstruation. 

So true, so admirable, so energetic are the vital intelligences 
of the uterus, that it parts with its contents like ripe fruit from 
a tree. 

When the uterus is ready to drop the fruits of conception, a 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 587 

certain portion of the fetus (by specific gravity the head) pre- 
sents or appears at the os uteri. 

The head is the type of natural labor, and in this state it pre- 
sents itself as follows : 

Vertex Presentations. — The head, the occiput, presenting, 
may be placed in six different positions at the superior strait ; 
lience the six kinds of natural presentations of the head, 
namely : 

1. The anterior part of the cranium pointing to left sacro- 
iliac synchondrosis, or left occipito-anterior. In this position 
the anterior fontanelle is found at the right sacroiliac sym- 
physis, the sagittal suture running obliquely across the pelvis, 
from left to right, posteriorly. 

2. The anterior part of the cranium pointing to right sacro- 
iliac synchondrosis, or right occipito-anterior. In this position 
the forehead of the child and the anterior fontanelle will be 
toward the left sacroiliac symphysis, the sagittal suture running 
obliquely across the pelvis anteriorly, from the right to the left, 
posteriorly. 

3. Anterior part of cranium pointing to the symphysis pubis, 
or occipito-tubal, in which the occiput faces the symphysis pubis 
of the mother, and the anterior fontanelle will be toward the 
sacrum. 

4. The anterior part of cranium pointing to the left foramen 
ovale, or left occipito-posterior, in which the occiput looks 
toward the left sacroiliac symphysis of the mother, or posteri- 
orly to the left of the pelvis, the sagittal suture running 
obliquely across the pelvis from left to right. 

5. Anterior part of cranium pointing to right foramen ovale, 
or right occipito-posterior. In this position the forehead of the 
child, or its anterior fontanelle, will be toward the left acetab- 
ulum, the sagittal sature running obliquely across the pelvis 
anteriorly, from the left to the right. 

6. Anterior part of cranium pointing to the promontory of 
sacrum, or occipito-sacral, in which the occiput faces the sacrum 
of the mother. The anterior fontanelle will be found toward 
the symphysis pubis. Hand positions are diagnosed by the 
Tiardness of the bones, position of sutures and fontanelles. 

In order thoroughly to master these positions, let the student 
take an articulated pelvis and a fetal head, and he will easily 
gain a thorough knowledge of the various positions. Take the 
vertex or occiput for a guide, and place it, anteriorly or posteri- 
orly, in the maternal pelvis, then begin with its anterior posi- 



588 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tions, as the vertex to the left anterior, to the right anterior, left 
posterior, right posterior, etc. In this way a more accurate 
knowledge of the presentation can be obtained in a shorter time 
than could be acquired for months otherwise. It is true that in 
the first, second, fourth and fifth positions, nature, if properly 
aided, will terminate the labor ; and it is also true that a physi- 
cian well skilled in the diagnosis of these positions, can easily 
recognize the third and sixth as being invariably attended with 
difficulty and delay, and can also rectify these by a slight rota- 
tion of the head, into either of the first four positions. A cor- 
rect appreciation of these positions is indispensable to every one 
practicing midwifery. 

Unnatural Presentations. — The most common is the face, 
which usually presents in two positions. The first is when the 
forehead is to the left ilium ; the second the reverse of this. 

The presentation of the breach or buttocks, easily diagnosed 
by the slow labor, softness, cleft between the buttocks, anus r 
meconium, os coccyx, scrotum or vulva. 

Presentation of the superior extremities occurs about once in 
230 cases, shoulder, arm, elbow and hand. The back of the 
child, either looks toward the abdomen of mother or backward 
toward her spine ; here labor is impracticable, version or turning; 
should be resorted to ; no delay. 

Rigidity of the Neck of the Uterus. — Internally. 

Alternate belladonna with gelsemium. These two remedies 
act like magic in producing dilatation and producing uterine 
contractions. Locally apply belladonna cerate to os uteri and 
resort to hot hip baths, warm vaginal injections' with lobelia. 
The obstetric cones are the best of all remedies to effectually 
overcome a rigid os uteri, two inserted well up in the rectum, 
the same in the vagina. 

Tough Membranes. — If they are tough and served their pur- 
pose as a dilating body and retard labor, notch the finger nail 
like a saw and rub it to and fro over membranes and they will 
give way. 

Be sure that the bladder and rectum are empty. 

If the perineum is rigid, unyielding, apply hot fomentations, 
as hot as can be borne. These failing, steam the pelvis with hot 
water in which either tobacco or lobelia is steeped. If the vital 
force is feeble, stimulate, give sulphate quinine, capsicum in 
warm milk, hot milk-punch. 

Inertia of uterus during labor. Try injections into rectum. 
friction to abdomen. Capsicum, prnnia, with quinia, is the best 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 589 

remedy. Beef tea, stimulating hot drinks, pulsatilla, passiflora. 
Ergot should not be given in labor to facilitate or hasten unless 
the parts are fully dilated, position normal and head presenting 
at outlet. 

The practice of administering ergot early in labor is most 
detrimental, giving us, as a result, still-born children and often 
sudden death of the mother from thrombosis. Freshly pulver- 
ized ergot in infusion is the best. 

Painless Parturition. — Ladies who take abundant exercise, 
eat wholesome food, live hygienically, keep the bowels regular, 
have remarkably easy labors. To render it almost painless take 
four ounces concentrated ozone, one ounce of chloroform. Mix. 
Repeatedly bathe the entire abdomen and back during the prog- 
ress of labor, at the same time insert two obstetric cones well 
up the rectum ; the same number up the vagina ; this can be re- 
peated at intervals of half an hour apart. 

Bandage after Delivery. — After delivery of the child and 
after-birth the patient should be bandaged with a roller, reach- 
ing from the middle of the thighs to the ensiform cartilage, pin 
firmly below and somewhat easier or looser as it ascends; pin 
closely at every three-quarters of an inch. It has advantages. 
It relieves after-pains and prevents hemorrhage, maintains the 
rotundity and natural shape of the abdominal walls, obviates the 
pendulous abdomen, so common. It ought to be worn at least 
two months. 

Antiseptic Precautions. — The washing out of the vagina 
with warm lotions of boroglycerid is of great efficacy. 

After-pains. — After the first confinement there is always 
more or less inertia of the uterus, with some irritability; hence 
after-pains, slow contraction of the uterine walls, retained pla- 
cental debris, coagula. 

The following mixture is most efficacious : Aqua cinnamon 
four ounces ; sulphate of morphia four grains ; bicarbonate of 
soda twenty grains. Mix. One tablespoonful every three hours 
is excellent for after-pains, as it relaxes the neck of the uterus, 
permits egress of clots or pieces of membranes. If it fails, 
loosen the bandage and apply hot fomentations, vaginal injec- 
tions, warm, to hasten expulsion of clots. Rubbing the abdo- 
men gently with concentrated ozone is of great utility. The 
insertion of one or more cones of great efficacy. Aid nature 
every way possible by hot diaphoretic teas, catnip, sweet mar- 
joram ; passiflora and pulsatilla are efficacious in mild cases. 

Hemorrhage after Delivery. — This may be due to retained 



59° The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

placenta, to shreds of membranes, to clots, to profound relaxa- • 
tion from long, hard labor. 

The placenta must be removed, the uterus cleared of its con- 
tents, vagina and rectum both thoroughly washed out with hot 
injections of boroglycerid, and the roller with compression over 
the uterus applied. 

Keep patient very quiet in a recumbent posture, head low, 
elevate the foot of bed, give cold drinks, allow no excitement. 
If these means fail give the mixture of turpentine, alcohol and 
sulphuric acid,' or ergot, quinine, alum, iron, sulphate of 
alumina. 

Retained Placenta. — If due to inertia, use friction over the 
abdomen, inject the vagina and rectum. Give ergot, quinine, 
caulophyllin. If the placenta is adherent, wait some hours, 
evacuate the bowels, put dry heat over the uterus, give hot 
stimulants. Cause the patient to sneeze. Hot punch. All this 
failing, insert the hand, in form of a cone, back of it well oiled, 
into the cavity of the uterus, grasp the placenta. The pressure 
of the hand usually excites contractions ; if it does not, it must 
be detached. Leave no fragments. If there is an hour-glass 
contraction, withdraw hand, administer several teaspoonfuls of 
tincture of lobelia with a few drops of tincture of belladonna 
and gelsemium. As soon as the physiological effects of reme- 
dies and relaxation are complete reinsert the hand, when it will 
readily pass through the contraction, then seize the placenta and 
withdraw. The above effectually relaxes the circular uterine 
fibres. 

Prolapse of the Cord. — If there is no pulsation in cord it is 
unnecessary to interfere; if there is pulsation, return it if pos- 
sible. 

Place the patient in a kneeling posture, and, if possible, return 
it with the hand, or by means of a loop of tape, attached to the 
end of a gum catheter. If this is unsuccessful, terminate labor 
speedily by use of forceps or otherwise. 

Placenta Praevia. — Place the patient on the back, with hips 
elevated, shoulders low, and if the neck of uterus is not dilated 
sufficient to admit the hand, pack the vagina with the tampon. 
Do not leave this too long, about three or four hours. See to 
the bladder and rectum. As soon as the parts are dilatable and 
presentation of placenta complete, insert the hand, push it past 
that portion which is detached, and rupture the membranes if 
they are entire, and seize the feet, bring the toes down, pointing 
to either inner aspect of the mother's thighs, and deliver as 
rapidly as possible. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 591 

T uiiiing. — Version or turning is necessary in placenta pre- 
via; prolapse of the cord; the shoulder, or arm, or transverse 
presentation, rupture of uterus, death of mother, convulsions, 
mania. 

Try first, if os uteri is not dilated, or but slightly so, to deter- 
mine the # position of the head, and by combined action of both 
hands, gradually work the head downward and up, until the 
"head is brought to present at os uteri, when the membranes 
should be ruptured, one finger into os uteri, the other hand use 
for manipulating the abdomen. 

If the above cannot be done then it is necessary to wait till 
the os is dilated or dilatable. Keep patient anesthetized with a 
mixture of alcohol. 1 ; chloroform, 2 ; and ether, 3. Mix. 
Bring the hips to edge of bed. Bare your arm and anoint the 
hack of hand and arm with sweet oil. Insert it up in form of a 
cone into the vagina ; pass it on between the membranes and 
uterine walls. Carefully search for the feet, rupture the mem- 
branes and seize them ; bring one or both down, the toes point- 
ing to thighs of the mother. Once over the breach, as in the 
pelvic basin, terminate labor in the natural way. 

Instrumental Delivery. — The use of the forceps. The parts 
must be dilated ; empty the bladder and bowels ; keep the pa- 
tient anesthetized. This is not. or may not be. necessary, if 
child's head is at the outlet. Immerse the blades in warm 
water. Place the patient across the bed, hips at the edge, sepa- 
rate the thighs and have some one to hold them. If the mem- 
branes are still intact, rupture them. Lard or oil on the convex 
surfaces of the blades ; stand between the limbs of the patient. 
Take male blade into left hand; hold it nearly upright; pass 
two fingers of the right hand a short distance into the cervix on 
the right side between the fetal head and uterine wall, then- in- 
troduce the point of the blade along inside of fingers, and pass 
it gradually, lowering the handle until the convexity of the 
child's head is grasped by the fenestrated portion of blade : de- 
press the handle near perineum. Here take the female blade in 
the right hand, and begin by holding the blade in an upright 
position ; in the same way, but by reversed movements, pass the 
handle down and lock the two. Operate with gentleness, don't 
apply force. 

Traction. — Make the traction only during a pain. If the 
head is high, the direction should be first downward, and, as the 
head gradually descends, move upward until just before the 
head escapes from the vulva, when traction is at almost right 



592 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

angles with the long axis of the patient's body. As a general 
rule, the direction in which the blades point denotes the line of 
traction. 

Craniotomy. — Place the patient in the same position as when 
the forceps are applied. See that the bladder and rectum are 
empty ; pass the fingers of the left hand up to the fetal bead and 
carefully pass the perforator along palmar surface until it 
reaches the head; take care that you do not injure any of the 
maternal soft spots. Perforate the cranium, break up and evac- 
uate its contents. Sometimes nature enforces the expulsion of 
the child. 

Twins. — As soon as the first child is born and separated 
from the mother apply a bandage about the abdomen, and wait 
for expulsion of the other. Do not attempt the removal of 
placenta of the first child until after the birth of the second one. 
If the two placentas remain in the vagina twist the cords to- 
gether and deliver in the ordinary manner. 

MOLES. — Moles are patches of variable sizes in the skin r 
colored by pigment, often raised above the surrounding skin, 
and frequently covered with hair. They never grow on the 
body after birth, but are always congenital. They can hardly 
be called tumors, for they show no tendency to increase in size. 
Tumors, however, such as sarcoma, or cancer, may, later on in 
life, begin at a mole and extend from it. The mole may grad- 
ually increase in size, become more and more prominent, until a 
tabulated, dark-colored tumor has arisen. Such an enlarged 
mole may be greatly irritated by the friction of the clothes, and 
may ultimately ulcerate and give a good deal of trouble. When 
such a condition is present, the surgeon's knife is the best and 
the simplest remedy. 

With regard to smaller moles, if on the body or limbs, they 
give no trouble, and it is unnecessary to interfere with them. A 
large mole on the face may be a disfigurement, and hence one 
may naturally desire to get rid of it. Ladies are often particu- 
larly anxious to get advice on the subject of the removal of a 
disfiguring mole. The leading pathologists of the present age- 
assert that moles are of epithelial origin, incomplete sarcoma 
derived from the epidermis, the cells of the tissue composing' 
the mole show this origin. 

The pigment of a mole is due to an adventitious deposit of 
iron, not essentially at first to melanotic sarcoma. This usually 
comes later on, if it suffers irritation and vitality be weakened. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 593 

Malignancy is not a positive characteristic, but in all those 
growths, the cells being epidermal, the slightest alteration in 
the protoplasm itself is liable to give rise to that condition; 
hence the rule of sound practice is to destroy moles, in whatever 
region they may be, by painting them (according to their size) 
several times with liquid chloride of chromium. One applica- 
tion only being necessary, pain subsides in a short time; no 
dressing is required. 

MOUTH, ITS DISEASES.— The tongue is exposed to 
many sources of disease and injury. It is a highly sensitive 
•organ; hence, slight affections of its mucous membrane or its 
muscular fibres are highly painful.. 

Glossitis. — Inflammation of the substance of the tongue is 
a rare affection, since mercury has been nearly discarded from 
practice; when it occurs it is usually dependent upon consti- 
tutional causes, or some irritation applied directly to the organ. 

In either case there is fever, great nervous depression, and 
debility. The local symptoms are those of pain, heat, redness, 
swelling. The tongue becomes of a very deep red color, and 
so swollen that it fills and protrudes out of the mouth. It 
usually comes on quickly, and is often attended with urgent 
symptoms, and requires prompt treatment, as active purga- 
tives, followed by hypodermic injections of one-third of a grain 
of pilocarpin, heat to feet, poultices of slippery elm to tongue, 
and suppositories of veratrum viride and gelseminum per rec- 
tum. If mercury is the cause, iodide of potassium, chlorate of 
potassium gargles, and sulphurated potassium baths, or both. 

Ulcers, Cracked, and Other Morbid States of the 
Tongue. — The tongue is not only an index of the condition of 
the stomach and alimentary canal, but often a valuable criterion 
as to the state of the nervous system and intensity of blood 
poisoning. 

The strawberry tongue of scarlet fever, the raw, fleshy- 
looking tongue of gastritis, the patchy, ulcerated tongue of 
typhoid fever, and other states of great exhaustion. The sore- 
ness in the organ is relieved by bland food, mucilaginous 
drinks, smearing it with vaselin ointment, or using mouth 
washes of chlorate of potassium and glycerin, or borax and 
honey in infusion of bayberry. 

Ulcers, the result of malnutrition, or of inflammation, or 
irritation from old stumps; the removal of the cause, the use 
of emetics and bitter tonics. As those ulcers are generally 



594 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

very small, superficial, without definite shape, very sensitive, 
most numerous at the tip or bridle ; in addition to internal tonics 
they are readily cured by infusions of golden seal and borax r 
or sage-tea and borax. 

Mercurial ulcers are common; not so much to internal ex- 
hibition of mercury as to the use of amalgam in filling teeth, 
especially large cavities. They are very easily recognized by 
the fetor of the breath, affection of gums, salivation. The 
removal of the cause; the use of chlorate of carbon as a mouth- 
wash, and iodide of potassium internally. 

Syphilitic ulcers are easily recognized by their copper-col- 
ored appearance. In mild attacks most common on front part 
of tongue and edges and superficial aspect ; in more aggravated 
cases they occupy the root, and they are deep and intractable. 
The general treatment for syphilis, with mouth-washes of infu- 
sions of sage and borax, hyssop and chlorate of potassium, 
echinacea. 

There are also tubercular, cancerous and other forms of ul- 
ceration; constitutional remedies, with local antiseptics. 

Cracked Tongue. — They may be fissures, transverse, if in- 
testinal irritation ; or longitudinal, of kidney irritation ; or, more 
generally, they are the clefts and fissures of malassimilation. 
forming a series of irregular grooves often quite deep, render- 
ing eating, speaking, or reading difficult and painful. Cured 
by sage-tea and borax, glycerin and chlorate of potassium, 
golden seal and alum. 

Surface of tongue often presents patches of baldness, one 
or more smooth oval patches; no ulceration or fissure, indica- 
tive of a syphilitic taint ; alteratives and tonics. 

Warts are usually met with at the edges of the root of 
the tongue, and are presumptive of syphilis. Condylomata are 
not uncommon in same disease. Papillary patches, thickening,, 
induration, give an unpleasant feeling to the organ in speaking., 
causing thickness of speech called psoriasis and ichthyosis: 
often precursor of cancer. 

Hypertrophy of tongue is rare; when it does exist, it is so 
large that the mouth is too small for it. In some instances it 
protrudes as far as the chin. Its removal by ecraseur is the 
only cure. 

Tongue-tie, when the frenum or bridle is shorter than usual, 
the movements of the tongue are interfered with, the bridle has 
simply to be cut. 

All kinds of tumors, fatty, fibroid, encysted, etc., are met 
with here; extirpation is the proper remedy. 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 595 

Ranula (so called because the voice is said to be croaking* 
like a frog's) is a semitransparent, fluctuating swelling as large 
as a walnut, situated under the tongue. It consists of a dila- 
tion of Wharton's duct of submaxilary gland. Painting it 
with the perchloride of iron, or passing a setbn through it, is 
usually sufficient to effect its disappearance, using mouth- 
washes to heal and strengthen. 

Care of the Mouth. — Perhaps no part of the body is so 
often neglected as the mouth; especially is this noticeable in 
the case of children. A mother who will religiously bathe her 
child and keep its body sweet and clean will often fail to cleanse 
its mouth. A new-born infant should have its mouth washed 
after each feeding ; a soft cloth wet in a weak solution of boro- 
glycerid should be used for this purpose. If this were always 
done we would rarely find a case of infantile sore mouth. 

After the teeth come and the mouth is large enough, a small, 
soft brush should be used ; the teeth and mouth should be thor- 
oughly cleaned at least twice daily. 

In illness where sordes and mucus accumulate rapidly, and 
where the tongue and lips are parched and stiff, attention is 
needed every hour; the mouth should be kept moist and the 
same treatment carried out through the night as during the day. 
Boroglycerid solution, lemon juice, glycerin and distilled 
water are all refreshing, and soften the tissues; where the lips 
are chapped or fissures appear, a lubricant of cold cream or 
ozone ointment should be applied. Where the gums are spongy 
or soft, and bleed readily, a few drops of tincture of myrrh 
added to pure water will help to harden them. Small squares 
od" old linen or soft gauze should be used instead of a brush 
where one is ill or weak. These should be immediately burned 
after use. 

Every part of the mouth should be cleansed ; behind the wis- 
dom teeth, the roof of the mouth, and under the tongue ; lemon 
juice and water will remove the fur from a thickly coated 
tongue. Where the teeth are sensitive the water used should 
be slightly warm. 

MUCIN. — A compound substance composed of a proteid 
and carbohydrate, which are the chief constituents of mucus, 
a substance very widely distributed throughout the body, in the 
mucous membrane, gland cells. There are numerous varieties, 
but all are viscid, tenacious. Its functions are very varied — 
a protector of delicate mucous membrane, a lubricator ; poured 



596 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

over an abraded membrane, causes it to heal with marvelous 
ease and rapidity. When administered, its good effects are at 
once visible — immediate relief of all painful sensations in the 
stomach ; it regulates the bowels ; otherwise physiologically 
soothing. 

MUCOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS.— Bears a strong- 
relationship to desquamative enteritis in that both have the 
passage of shreds, skins, exfoliation of the mucous coat of the 
intestines. A catarrhal affection, due to a secretional irritation 
of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, and depends 
either upon some neuroses, or hyperesthesia of the walls of the 
bowel or its centre in the brain. Invariably associated with 
some neuropathic tendency, nervous disease, either of the 
genital organs, or brain or cord, or constipation, or auto- 
intoxication, or organic disease of the bowel. 

Its characteristics are the passage of large mucous masses, 
tenderness of the colon, coloptosis, interstitial atony with the 
colitis usually alternated with constipation and diarrhea and the 
evacuation of masses of mucus and shreds. 

In the cure of this condition, regulate the bowels with kola- 
tina, administer matricaria for a tonic, one week give kaki in 
infusion freely as a drink ; the following week Virginia stone 
crop; continue this treatment for a few months. Add nutri- 
tious, easily digested food. Occasionally either a few drops of 
peroxide of hydrogen or echinacea could be added, if stools be 
very feculent. 

MULLEIN OIL. — Otalgia when reflex calls for the removal 
of the cause; when not reflex, but is periodic, concentrated 
tincture of kurchicin; if due to syphilis, comp. saxifraga and 
periodate aurum ; when the pain is deep seated, agonizing, or 
even superficial in the cervical plexus, mullein oil is the remedy. 

Before dropping this in fill the ear with peroxide of hydro- 
gen, head horizontal on a pillow, affected ear uppermost ; let it 
remain five minutes, then evacuate it and drop in half a dozen 
drops of mullein oil; never failing for earache. 

Another excellent formula is to rub up five grains of hydro- 
chlorate of cocain in one dram of concentrated ozone; mix 
thoroughly; rather an empirical prescription, but it invariably 
affords instant relief. 

The following internally has been found useful in the otalgia 
of the gouty : Add to two tablespoonfuls of water, one tea- 
spoonful of aromatic spirit of ammonia, fifteen drops of green 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 597 

root tincture of gelsemium, fifteen grains each of chloral 
hydrate, bromide of potass and bromide of sodium. Take at 
a dose ; instantaneous relief. 

MUMPS. — Just below the lobe of the ear, folded, as it were, 
round the angle of the lower jaw, is the largest of the salivary 
glands, the parotid. It is the favorite seat of many toxins, such 
as those of typhoid, typhus, scarlet fever and other contagious 
maladies, a location whence originates many tumors and 
abscesses. During several seasons in many states and localities, 
mumps or epidemic parotitis prevailed quite extensively. In- 
flammation, attended with pain, heat, swelling, considerable 
pyrexia, movements of the jaw difficult and painful. Ad- 
vanced physicians in scientific therapeutics have most suc- 
cessfully treated this condition thus : Jelly of violets over the 
entire gland ; passiflora and gelsemium, in alternation with the 
sulphide of calcium internally, this latter remedy frequent. 
With these remedies not a single case of metastasis, either to 
the breast, testicle or ovary, occurred. Febrile symptoms in all 
-cases subsided in twenty- four hours. 

Suppuration of this gland, due to the toxins of disease germs 
lodged in its interstices, an unfavorable complication of any 
disease, may be prevented by exhibition of the sulphide of lime. 

Epidemics of this malady have prevailed extensively of late 
in our public schools. The exact origin of the disease could not 
be traced. 

All cases were ushered in with a slight indisposition, fol- 
lowed by a rigor, rise of temperature and the characteristic 
swelling, which was well marked and in some cases extended 
over the neck. Temperature fell on third day, unless orchitis 
or ovaritis supervened, when it rose again. 

Antiseptic mouth washes of boroglycerid were used in all 
cases, with concentrated ozone over the parotid, which acted 
as an efficient microbe killer, promoting resolution and afford- 
ing relief of pain. 

In orchitis, the application of a fifteen-volume c. p. peroxide 
of hydrogen acted like magic. 

The commencement of the disease begins by the entrance of 
the germ into the mouth, spreading to the glands along the 
ducts, hence the value of germicidal mouth washes. In cases 
where they were used freely, orchitis seldom put in an appear- 
ance. Isolation and disinfection are indispensable as prophy- 
lactics. 



598 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

MUSCE VOLITANTES. Specks and spots floating 
before the eyes ; may be a symptom of either cerebral ex- 
haustion, or a failure of the liver (torpidity) to work off 
toxins, a slight auto-intoxication, effete' elements in the blood, 
penetrating- the aqueous humor; the image of the body, 
being imprinted on the retina, passes before the field of vision, 
interfering with it, hence specks, spots. Taking a more 

scientific view of it and the opthalmoscope for a guide, it 
would seem that the vessels of the aqueous humor are varicose, 
lost their contractility, and the brain, looking through the 
optical apparatus, sees objects which she compares to things in 

nature; this latter idea is confirmed by its presence in mas- 
turbators, excessive or prolonged lactation, hemorrhages, 
anemia. So that both ideas may be correct. 

If due to morbid products in the blood, administer periodate 
aurum for a short time, which promptly removes the often 
too great annoyance. If due to brain anemia, give tonics, 
comp. matricaria, c. p. solution of spermin. 

MUSCLES AND TENDONS.— The muscles of the body 
act like so many ropes or pulleys upon the bones, for the pur- 
pose of locomotion. They rarely suffer from disease, unless it 
be those peculiar to muscular structure, viz., atrophy and hyper- 
trophy with fatty degeneration. 

Myositis. — Inflammation of muscular structure is rare; in- 
deed, the heart is about the only muscle in which we see at 
times inflammation thoroughly established. Circumscribed in- 
flammation in other muscles may be the result of injury, 
strains, over-exertion, disease of bones or adjoining textures. 

Symptoms. — Pain, greatly aggravated by any movement of 
affected muscle. It becomes localized ; there is heat, swelling., 
the latter distinct, resembling a tumor: rigors and fever. It 
may terminate in effusion of lymph, thickening, induration, or 
in a breaking down of lymph, suppuration. 

Treatment. — Control fever with aconite and serpentaria : 
relieve pain with anodynes ; apply hot alkaline poultices during- 
the day, and linseed poultices, with tincture of opium, at night : 
nourishing food ; establish convalescence upon tonics. 

Myalgia. — Stiffness, soreness, cramp, or pain in the vol- 
untary muscles of the body, may be due to various causes ; for 
example, in young persons of rapid growth, persons in whom 
the bones grow faster than the muscles, the muscles and ten- 
dons become stretched, and the individual suffers from what is 



ASSB DlCTIOXARY OF DISEASES.- 59c/ 

termed growing pains. These are often quite severe, and in- 
volve both the tieshy part of the muscles as well as its tendons, 
•either the eentre, or where it is inserted into the bone, or both. 
It is often due to a strain, lift, over-exertion, and involves the 
muscles of back, chest, abdomen, arms, or legs. It is also a 
symptom of a shock from cold, great nervous prostration, and 
is thus prominent in certain diseases., as fevers, inflammation, 
parturition, rheumatism, scurvy, tuberculosis, cancer, chlorosis, 
leukocythemia. dysentery, diarrhea, prolonged lactation, ex- 
hausting maladies generally, and spermatorrhea. 

Symptoms. — Pain is the chief symptom; and this in its de- 
gree and intensity bears a direct ratio to the amount of debility 
that is present. Where it depends on too rapid growth of bone 
in young persons, they seldom complain of it in the morning 
after a good night's rest, but comes on after exertion, and 
gradually increases till night. In the case of the masturbator,. 
or those suffering from seminal losses, pains in the morning, 
and rather wear off during the day ; whereas in the case of dis- 
ease, mostly an aching all the time. The pain in all cases, how- 
ever, is aggravated by movement. General health in all cases 
is poor; skin cool, pulse natural or depressed; appetite good, 
clean tongue. In bad cases there may be night-sweats, loss of 
appetite, impaired digestion, constipation, no vigor or energy, 
inability for work, severe mental depression. 

Treatment. — The principles of treatment will be modified by 
the cause, but all cases require good nourishing diet, as animal 
food, boiled fish, oatmeal, porridge, cream, raw eggs, fruit, vege- 
tables in abundance ; tonics, as cinchona and mineral acids ; sul- 
phate quinine and aromatic sulphuric acid ; quinine, iron, 
hydrastin, mix pill. Rest for the affected muscles, by splints or 
otherwise. Massage to be performed twice daily; begin with 
half-an-hour treatment, and increase length to two hours, if 
patient has means to carry out treatment. In the massage 
treatment, bathe a limb with soap and water ; dry ; use dry hand 
until there is a glow of warmth; then shampoo, rub. knead, and 
otherwise manipulate with warm olive oil : then another limb 
in same manner until the entire body is massaged. Electricity 
can follow if case is bad. or in a hurry to get well. 

Muscular Atrophy. — Muscles may waste, their fibres be- 
come pale, small and inelastic. This may happen from want 
of use or exercise, or from injury to their nerves, as in fevers, 
injuries, disease, or from sxposure to cold. damp, or from 
some affection of the nerve centres ; the muscles of an arm or 



600 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

leg may be smaller, as it were, by a blight. The affected mem- 
ber may become chilly, skin numb; it becomes imperfectly 
nourished and decreases in bulk ; or if the patient be young, it 
fails to grow in proportion to the rest of the body. Some cases 
of atrophy may be attended with pain, especially if its nerves 
are irritated by blood poisons. 

If atrophy is not cured, it progresses on to fatty degeneration ; 
that is, the muscle or muscular fibres become usurped by fat, 
an inelastic body, and their power for movement is irreparably 
lost. This can be ascertained by placing the positive pole of a 
battery near its origin, and the other near its insertion, per- 
mitting current to run pretty strong, and bring the poles within 
four inches of each other. If muscular fibre is still good, 
muscle in a few minutes will bulge up or contract at its centre 
between the two poles of the battery ; if muscular fibre has be- 
come usurped by fat, it will lie quiescent, and exhibit no signs 
of contractility. 

Treatment. — If the muscle has undergone fatty degenera- 
tion, no known remedy will avail ; but if there is still evidence 
of contraction between the poles of the battery, a cure can be 
effected if the cause can be removed; so that the treatment 
embraces a general tonic course, as cinchona and mineral acids ; 
very nutritious food, stimulating frictions, shampooing, 
manipulation, passive exercise, electricity, baths, etc., so as to 
promote growth and keep the muscular fabrillse exercised. It 
may take months, but by constant perseverance with the 
massage twice a clay it is bound to come. 

If there is pain, stiffness, with spasmodic action, muscle rigid 
as well as wasted, the cause should be removed, and the case 
managed on general principles. 

Hypertrophy of Muscles. — Muscles may suffer enlarge- 
ment by excessive use. The muscles on the arm of a black- 
smith or prize-fighter are enormously developed. In the former 
it is quite common for the right side to measure four or five 
inches more than the left. This can only go on to a certain 
extent — to a degree of growth in which there is an adequate 
nerve supply; when that limit is reached, and exercise still con- 
tinued or persisted in, fatty tissue will begin to take the place 
of muscular fibre, and the muscle will lose its contractility and 
become useless, because it has undergone fatty degeneration. 

The treatment is rest and alteratives. 

Muscular Degeneration. — Over-exercise is bad for the 
individual. It wastes vitality, weakens the system, fills it with 
poisonous fatigue products, and, if persisted in, shortens life. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 6oi 

But the other extreme is equally bad. Failure to develop 
the muscles, or their degeneration for want of systematic, 
moderate use, predisposes to a disturbance of nutrition and 
circulation, leading to accumulations of fat on one hand and 
imperfect elimination on the other. 

Obesity, constipation, torpid liver and kidneys, fatty heart 
and fibroid degeneration of the blood-vessels, are some of the 
results of muscular degeneration. The substitution of fat. for 
muscle in the abdominal walls and hips is responsible for pro- 
lapsed and congested viscera. Displaced and congested organs 
will not functionate normally, of course. 

Muscular degeneration affects the joints, leading to fibrous 
changes, drying up of synovial fluid and the deposit of urates. 
In their turn, these irritating products in the joints will cause 
sensory and motor neuroses, which pain and disable the in- 
dividual. 

Muscular degeneration also occasions anemia, because 
activity of the muscles is directly concerned in the production 
of hemoglobin, and hemoglobin carries the oxygen to burn 
tissue waste into soluble products easy of elimination. 

This burning also produces heat and energy, keeping us com- 
fortable and furnishing the power to work. 

Moreover, the normal development and moderate regular 
use of the muscular system overcomes such moral faults as 
timidity, indolence, procrastination, lack of perseverance. In 
a word, helps to discipline the moral powers, and gives the 
individual command of all his forces. Endurance is increased 
and courage fortified. 

MUSK ROOT. — Ozonized fluid extract of sumbul in doses 
of from 30 to 60 drops, every three hours, is our best remedy in 
epilepsy and chorea ; its action is chiefly upon the medulla and 
cord, a vitalizing sedative and astringent, wards off the attacks, 
and causes their disappearance. 

MYELITIS. — Inflammation of Substance of the Spinal 
Card. — Is recognized by spinal pain; formication; tingling, 
numbness and coldness of extremities : at first convulsions, 
afterward paralysis which extends gradually, often affecting 
the sphincters. In the chronic form, unusual fatigue : then par- 
alysis, tremors, tottering gait or inability to stand. Active 
treatment with cups. 

Organic Disease of the Spinal Cord. — Including Hyper- 



6o2 • The Germicide 20th Century; Practice: 

■trophy, Atrophy, Aneurism, Hydatids, Tubercles, Sclerosis,. 
S. : Pain of various degrees and character; disordered sensa- 
tions in limbs and surface; muscular weakness; paraplegia, 
paralysis of rectum and bladder. 

Spinal Irritation. — Various symptoms, one being a con- 
stant tenderness on pressure over some part of the spine;:symp- 
toms as if from severe gastric, or pulmonary, or cardiac dis- 
order ; neuralgic pains. 

General Measures. — In all obscure spinal diseases, alteratives 
and tonics; rest; constant applications of irritating plasters: on 
both sides of the spine, massage. Innumerable remedies act 
specially on the cord or its membranes, as ntix, rhus, cinchona, 
passiflora, cause an increase of blood to the part, whereas bella- 
donna, ergot and like remedies diminish, the flow.. 

NAPHTHALAN. — This remedy is acquiring- quite a reputa- 
tion as an antiseptic and disinfectant in certain diseased" condi- 
tions of the tissues. 

Administered internally, orally and per rectum, it is a most 
valuable remedy in all cases of typhoid fever., A rrricrobicicle 
which can be relied on every time it is given. 

In cutaneous diseases, especially eczema,, that often obstinate 
catarrhal inflammation of the skin, an ointirjent, strength: ten 
per cent, will promptly relieve burning; tangling, pain and 
pruritus. 

Even a two per cent solution is an antidote to the poison of 
vines and insects, invariably affords prompt relief. A similar 
solution acts well in burns, causing the rapid subsidence of the 
inflammation. 
I The remedy is cheap, but good. 

I NASx\L CATARRH, CHRONIC— An infectious and 
contagious disease, capable of spontaneous origin in the de- 
graded living matter concerned in the nutrition of the 
Schneiderian membrane (under adverse conditions) into the 
disease germ ameba. The very- great prevalence of this dis- 
ease in all parts of the country, the great havoc it causes in the 
olfactory tract, sinuses of the head, Eustachien tubes, throat, 
bronchial tubes, brain and blood, renders its correct treatment 
of vast importance. The vast amount of unsuccessful treat- 
ment results chiefly from its true etiology not being duly ap- 
preciated. 

The evolution of the ameba causes the mucous membrane to 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 603 

become congested, thickened, and even the bone becomes hyper- 
trophied and a special diathesis is created. 

We claim that, ozone et chlorine will positively cure nasal 
catarrh; that is, if used by the douche it will drive every 
ameba from its nestling-place. This can be effected in one 
treatment, as has been demonstrated by numerous specialists; 
but if the case is very chronic ; if there has been organic changes 
brought about; if there is tubercular or syphilitic germs lurk- 
ing in the blood, a more varied course of medication is indis- 
pensable. 

In addition, therefore, to the destruction of the disease germ 
ameba in the air-passages, whether by one heroic treatment or 
several milder ones, there should be invariably a tonic and 
alterative course pursued for months. 

As tonics the best results are to be obtained from the 
glycerite of ozone. As an alterative, the ozonized saxifraga 
stands unrivaled. It is most potent in freeing the blood from 
disease germs. It should be given in large doses and perse- 
vered with. It acts according to the quantity given — cleanses 
the blood of all disease germs. 

NATIONAL DEBILITY.— The American nation is essen- 
tially neurasthenic — suffers a deterioration. A general national 
weakness pervades its most tiny village up to its metropolis. 
This state permeates all, as is indicated by the dudes of modern 
society, the general childishness and foolishness of the masses, 
the incipiency state of imbecility, the small heads with dwarf 
intellects, etc., etc. 

To what can this weakness or vital deterioration be due 
among the best-fed and best-clad nation in the world? Not 
to a highly oxygenized atmosphere, not to incompatibility of 
races, not to the germs of syphilis or tubercle, but rather to 
the hidden vice of masturbation, which dwarfs mental and 
physical growth and vigor. 

The constant drain of seminal fluid, the most highly vitalized 
substance in nature, entails upon the individual loss of flesh, 
digestive power, of mental energy and a despondency of the 
most deplorable kind, with brain disease of some special type, 
loss of memory, epilepsy, softening and insanity. In addition. 
there are local complications or diseases innumerable, as affec- 
tions of the bladder and kidneys, irritation and softening of 
spinal cord, diseases of the testicle, varicocele. 

Indirectly, seminal losses so weaken vital energv that the 



604 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

normal embryonic living matter becomes changed, altered, de- 
graded into other living matter, disease germs, the bacilli of 
tubercle, one of the most frequently developed under the in- 
fluence of sexual abuse or perversion. The mortality from 
tubercle is great; few realize the fact that its real cause is 
sexual indiscretion. 

The great increase of albuminuria, cardiac disease, asthma, 
are to be traced to the same source. 

Rheumatism and gout are often directly due to the genera! 
prostrating effect of masturbation on the nervous system. Physi- 
ologists have recently discovered that the composition and 
mode of production of the nervous substance and the seminal 
fluid are almost identical; that in fact they are essentially the 
same thing. It has also been ascertained that, in all cases of 
severe nervous or mental derangement, the actual substance of 
the brain and nerves either wastes away or undergoes a de- 
structive change. And in the same way, in all cases of con- 
firmed loss of sexual power, the seminal substance either wastes 
or becomes destructively changed in a similar manner. But. 
what is still more important, the destruction or injury of either 
one of these elements of our systems brings on inevitably a 
similar evil to the other. Every man, therefore, who becomes 
impotent is in immediate danger of becoming insane, or at 
least of weak intellect. 

The male and female sexual systems, the entire reproductive 
and urinary apparatus of both sexes, derive their principal 
nerve supply from the general reservoir of the great sympa- 
thetic, on which depends the performance of all vital functions. 

The heart, stomach, intestines, also larynx and lungs, in all 
civilized men, derive an abundant nerve supply from the same 
source. 

Drain off this nerve supply by grief, worry, care. Exhaust 
this nerve supply by sexual excesses, masturbation, with its 
sequel spermatorrhea, and there is at once a want of nutrition 
from the sympathetic, and a failure on the part of vital organs, 
especially the heart. 

The weakness of the heart muscle is visible in the unsteady 
gait, in the bloodless brain, in the vertigo; the cold, clammy 
hands and feet ; the cold, moist skin ; in the weakness of all the 
tissues; in the greater frequency of varicole in all mas- 
turbators and libertines. 

Heart failure is becoming exceedingly common among both 
young and middle-aged men, and should in all cases receive 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 605 

prompt attention by checking of! all seminal losses, which are 
productive of cardiac disease. 

The condition now called irritable heart is analogous to 
irritable uterus, irritable ovary, irritable breast, irritable testes, 
irritable eye and ear, spinal irritation and cerebral irritation, 
and it is very often associated with the nervous dyspepsia of an 
irritable stomach ; indeed, nearly all, if not all, the organs of the 
body, and the whole body, may fall into a state of irritability 
with symptoms that simulate and suggest organic disease, and 
which are very often mistaken for such. 

In the irritable heart of the sexually exhausted there may be 
the extreme of slowness or the extreme of rapidity, from thirty 
or forty up to one hundred and ten and thirty. Slight exertion 
or trifling emotional influence suffice to put up the pulse all the 
way from twenty-five to seventy-five per cent ; climbing moun- 
tains, going up hills even, or but one or two flights of stairs, 
the sudden meeting of a friend, a start or shock of an exceed- 
ingly insignificant nature, are enough to produce this effect ; it 
is very hard to convince such persons that they have not organic 
disease of the heart, especially as precordial pain and uneasi- 
ness and distress and intermitting go with this high or low 
pulse. 

Functional disorders of micturition are to be diagnosticated 
from similar symptoms coming from stricture by their 
capriciousness, and demonstrable dependence on nervous ex- 
citation. Some of these cases have ordinarily no trouble in 
urinating, but if they chance to be at a public urinal, where a 
line of persons is behind them waiting for their turn, they can 
do nothing. This is a very good illustration of one of the 
phases that this function assumes in condition of debility. It 
is mainly subjective — mind acting on body. But if the parts 
were in. their full strength the mind would not produce this 
effect. Their very anxiety to urinate in order to make way 
for others, keeps them from doing it. Analogous illustrations 
in other functions are very abundant. Extreme exertion of 
the will defeats its objects; hysteria and hystero-epilepsy, and 
especially trance, exemplify this general law in ways innumer- 
able. It is, indeed, one of the diagnostic features of trance that 
the subject cannot do the very thing that he particularly wants 
to do. A sign that a mesmerized subject is under the influence 
and ready for experiment is the inability to open the eyes when 
commanded to do so, and when, with all his might, he tries to 
do so and fails. There are cases of hysterical paralysis that 



606 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

only recover when we succeed in calling off the patient's atten- 
tion from the paralyzed limb to some other portion of the body. 
The attempt to walk makes it impossible for them to walk. 
When the symptoms come from stricture or from contracted 
meatus or phimosis, they are more likely to be permanent until 
the source of the irritation is removed. 

The extreme stages of these morbid phenomena are so well 
known that it is not needful to more than refer to them for the 
sake of completeness. The milder, subtler and more evanescent 
degrees of these affections are, however, but rarely thought of 
or appreciated. Impotence is a symptom of very wide range 
and gradations, beginning with premature emission, or simply 
waning pleasure in the sexual act, and advancing through the 
stages of ejaculation before intromission, deficient desire and 
power, to absolute want both of desire and power. Similarly, 
involuntary emissions may be so rare, or may occur several 
times nightly, or even in the day. They may or may not be 
complicated with true spermatorrhea, that is with the flowing 
away of the semen in the urine, or at the stool, or on excitement. 
The existence of even quite frequent involuntary emissions by 
uight or day is not a proof of the existence of true sperma- 
torrhea. There may be very frequent emissions and yet no 
spermatozoa in the urine or any discharges at stool. On the 
other hand, emissions may be infrequent, as rarely as once or 
twice monthly, and yet spermatorrhea may be active all the 
time. Indeed, it would appear that the spermatorrhea acts as 
a relief for the accumulated seminal fluid, and saves the noc- 
turnal discharges. Thus it happens that patients are often 
deceived; they observe that their emissions are less frequent, 
and suppose that they are recovering, when really the fluid is 
but taking another mode of exit. Only the microscope can 
answer the question whether spermatorrhea does or does not 
exist. All conclusions formed from the various local or general 
symptoms may be swept away by careful and repeated mi- 
croscopic examinations by an expert with that instrument. 
True spermatorrhea is yet far more common than is admitted 
by the medical authorities. It is not found because it is not 
looked for, and usually not even suspected. In the majority of 
cases where trouble with the genital system is suspecetd by 
patients, some form of trouble does exist. It may not be what 
the patient suspects. It may not be so grave as he has fancied, 
but there is usually something abnormal that requires treat- 
ment or hygiene, and there is also need of sound instruction on 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 607 

rhe whole subject of the management of this function. The 
long-disputed question whether seminal discharges take place 
from the penis during or directly after stool, and. in some 
instances, during any form of sexual excitation, the microscope 
answers in the affirmative. In many instances — perhaps in 
the majority — certainly in the majority of those discharges 
that take place during erotic excitement, the fluid discharged 
comes from the prostate or from Cowper's glands, or from 
both; but in a certain proportion of cases it is just as de- 
preciating, perhaps even more so. 

By mere analogy we speak of nations as we do of persons, 
lor being a collection of individuals, they, act after the manner 
of persons, and have their period of youth, colonization and 
decay. A national disease may be defined a state in which it 
cannot direct its energies towards self-preservation. 

A diseased organ in a nation may destroy it ; that might be 
a bond-holding aristocracy : lack of a true religion ; a corrupt 
government; imperfect nutrition from adulterated food; poi- 
sons, alcohol and tobacco: epidemic diseases, as malaria, 
syphilis, tuberculosis, cancer, fevers and infectious maladies : 
mental shocks, panic or prostration of the national energies : 
sexual decay from masturbation, immoderate sexual inter- 
course ; subversion of the sexual powers ; the diminution of the 
population from many causes ; an avoidance of the state of 
motherhood are most insidious and dangerous causes of na- 
tional decay. 

Imbecility, criminality, delusions sap the life of nations. 

An inordinate mental exaltation, imaginary o-reatness in all 

o JO 

things, leads to a national disease of the emotions which may 
prove to-day, as in the past, "very fatal." 

NEPHRITIS (Acute and Chronic). — Acute and chronic 
inflammation of the kidneys may be caused by lifting, hoisting, 
mechanical violence, or by gout, rheumatism, uremia, calculi. 

Deep-seated pain over the kidneys, aggxavated by motion, 
pressure or jar. The urine very scanty, high colored or mixed 
with blood, nausea, vomiting. Fever, if it is the acute form. 

Try one or other of the following remedies : Aconite, thallin, 
passiflora. belladona, gelsemium. uva ursi, queen of the 
meadow, digitalis — infallible in renal congestion. 

In the acute form dry cups over the kidneys, followed by dry 
heat; hops or bran; mucilaginous drink like marshmallows : in 
the chronic form, locally, irritating plaster, concentrated ozone ; 
■internally nitrites, cinchona, alteratives and tonics. 



608 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Nephritis, Interstitial. — A gradual breaking down of 
the kidney; chiefly internal structure that gives way, with 
breaking down of its healthy substance ; persistent presence of 
albumin of the urine. In heavy drinkers, or in scarlet fever 
patients, it takes on an acute form; urine highly albuminous 
and very scanty. It is met with generally in a chronic form, 
when the symptoms are most obscure, until it merges inta 
dropsy. It has three stages : Congestion, degeneration,, 
atrophy, or breaking down. 

If the patient is tubercular and suffers from syphilis or a 
poverty of nerve force, the degeneration will be amyloid or 
starchy. If he indulges in alcoholic drinks, the degeneration 
will be fatty. 

. Prognosis. — First stage: If treatment is good, recovery; at 
stage of degeneration, recovery rare ; and atrophy or tumbling" 
in of kidneys is invariably fatal. Common cause of death is 
uremia. 

Remedies. — Alteratives and tonics ; gallic acid and port wine ;. 
digitalis, coca, cure numerous cases; phosphorus, glycerite of 
ozone; kephalin; avena sativa; nitric acid, aromatic sulphuric 
acid ; cinchona, nitroglycerin, apocynum. 

General Measures. — Adopt measures to keep the skin active 
and promote free diaphoresis, give vapor baths; salt water 
baths, sponging with salt and alcohol; flannel clothing; avoid 
changes of temperature ; open-air exercise, never to fatigue the 
body. 

Milk, eggs, fish and beef, for diet. 

Nephritis Malarial. — The malarial germ belongs to the 
vegetable kingdom, is a protozoon; certain varieties of the 
organism give rise to different types of fever. Once in the 
blood, it is invariably present in all the cycle of changes which 
it undergoes, corresponding to a type of fever (quotidian) 
which occurs either in twenty- four hours, or (tertian) in forty- 
eight hours, or (quartan) in seventy-two hours. 

Kidneys feeble from any cause, pathological changes are 
induced by the elimination of the toxic products of the germ 
which gives rise to malarial nephritis, which is present to a 
greater or less extent in every case of malarial fever; hence 
kidney lesions are extremely common, so much so that albumin 
in the urine is present in sixty per cent of all cases, hematuria 
to a limited extent. 

All practitioners rush to quinine in these cases, an erroneous 
method, for although it will kill the germ, it is too irritating tc- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 609 

the renal functions; to the kidneys themselves; its action, if 
administered at all, should be modified by green root tincture 
.gelsemium, or what is still better, either Warburg's tincture 
or concentrated tincture of kurchicin should be used. Sulphate 
of quinine itself, unmodified, creates too much congestion of 
the urinary organs to be of utility in malarial nephritis besides 
the quinine most dispensed in the United States is an 
abominable synthetical compound unfit to enter human blood 

It is well in all cases of malarial poisoning to look to the 
Iddneys, protect them as the toxin is being eliminated. 

Suppositories of quinine sulphide and concentrated kurchicin 
Tiave been introduced which act promptly in curing malaria 
and all its complications, provided the rectum be thoroughly 
cleansed before their insertion — one every three hours. 

Spring and fall the atmosphere of the United States is 
literally swarming with the malarial microbe. Strong vital 
force on the part of the eighty millions of people who occupy 
this area resists its entrance, or if it enters the vital elements 
of the blood, causes its destruction, hence immunity. Very 
different it is with the feeble, the devitalized, the neurasthenic. 

This microbe enters, and if quite exhausted it lives, grows, 
multiplies immensely and enters the red corpuscles of the blood 
and destroys them ; in this microbic growth toxins, the products 
of bacterial life are set free, and they are so abundant, even in 
mild cases, that neither the breath nor the skin nor liver is able 
to eliminate them, consequently: the kidneys are compelled to 
aid in this process of ousting a poison. 

In doing this they become overworked, exhausted, suffer 
irritation, relaxed, and an exosmosis of either blood or its 
albumin takes place ; so both conditions either favor hematuria 
or albuminuria. 

So nephralgia, nephritis and other affections pertaining to 
those emunctories are common. We have on our books an im- 
mense list of such cases, showing the efficacy of the green root 
tincture of gelsemium and passiflora in completely relieving 
this difficulty and aiding it still further by the exhibition of 
periodate aurum. 

These three remedies never fail to relieve the irritation, 
affording immediate and permanent benefit. 

Any of our readers having obstinate cases of chronic 
nephritis on hand, whether due to the toxin of malaria, 
syphilis, influenza, tubercle or alcohol, would do well to try 
such cases on the ozonized celery comp. — a remedy that neu- 



6 io The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tralizes a poison, one that aids its expulsion, and at the same 
time strengthens those important glands, and acts as a prophy- 
lactic to degenerative changes. Small doses, a steady persis- 
tence in its use does effectual work. 

NERVE TIRE. — The human body, roughly dissected... 
presents to the naked eye a brain, a spinal cord and great 
sympathetic. From these central points nerves pass to 
various parts of the body, which by the aid of the microscope 
can be traced to their most minute ramification. The brain, 
in addition to its being the soul-seat, the matured organ of 
thought, an organ of elaborate mechanism, has an important 
function to perform, namely, to elaborate and transmit neurine 
cells to every part of the body, so as to maintain its nutrition. 
Waste and repair are carried on, in the human body, during its 
existence ; the waste of the tissue of an organ is. in exact pro- 
portion to the demand made upon its working capacity. Re- 
pair, renewal is in proportion to the demand, provided the 
proper elements of nutrition exist in the blood ; if they do not 
exist there, the organ injured is incapable of perform- 
ing its ordinary function. Nerve tire, nerve exhaustion is es- 
sentially a disease of civilization, an excessive brain waste, an 
expenditure of vital force; if repair keeps pace with waste, all' 
is well ; if not, if there be a loss, disease. There is no station so 
exalted, no intellect so bright, no power so great, no influence 
that can adequately realize the suffering of nerve exhaustion. 

Nervous exhaustion may be congenital or acquired ; the lat- 
ter is usually due to an unusual amount of work done by the- 
nerve centres, increased without a proper supply of brain 
elements being present. 

The brain is subject to the same general law of waste and 
repair as other parts of the body. Every thought, every emo- 
tion, every exercise of volition is accompanied by waste: 
destruction of tissue and its excretion from the body are indis- 
pensable. Ther emoval of causes, if possible; seclusion and 
rest ; systematized massage for two hours, morning and night : 
inaugurate a plan of overfeeding, a diet of brain elements, to 
which faradization may be added. The patient should go and 
live in the open air in the country; if he cannot, he should 
occupy rooms well aired, ventilated, and with full exposure 
to the sun. Between each period of work, covering a few hours, 
and especially before and after meals, he should take mild 
physical exercise in accordance with his tastes, such as walking, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 6ii 

rowing, gymnastics, open-air games, bowling, golf, croquet, 
lawn tennis, etc. If he cannot go out he can do gymnastics in 
his rooms, play billiards — in a word, seek distraction and move- 
ment. If he finds gymnastics too fatiguing he will derive 
benefit from carriage exercise. His meals ought to be regular 
and substantial, with avoidance of alcoholic drinks. Massage 
and douches are valuable adjuvants. 

These cases are much benefited by shampooing the head 
every day, and then rubbing it with alcohol before drying 
thoroughly. It is well, however, to begin the treatment with 
a complete absolute rest from mental labor for several weeks. 

XETTLE-RASH. — Urticaria cannot be better described 
than as an eruption which closely resembles nettle stings, both 
in appearance and the sensations it gives rise to. When acute. 
it is generally accompanied with more or less fever. The 
nettle-rash, in almost all cases, arises from disorder of the 
digestive organs, and evolution of bacteria, caused either by 
indigestible food, or in some persons by particular kinds of 
food. Kernels or seeds, such as almond, peach, etc., which 
contain prussic acid, seem especially apt to cause nettle-rash. 
and in some individuals even the pips of an apple have been 
known to produce this disorder. Fish, particularly shell-fish, 
also bring it on, or mushroom ; also certain medicines, such as 
turpentine; teething, hurry and agitation of mind in adults, 
and other irritations, also give rise to nettle-rash. The 
generally known causes of this affection indicate the remedy — ■ 
the removal from the alimentary canal of offending matters. 
If there is tendency to sickness, and if the eruption appearh 
soon after a meal, an emetic is the appropriate remedy, but 
whether this is given or not, there should be given an aperient, 
and as the toxins accumulate in the intestinal tract, administer 
siegesbeckie tablets to neutralize them. As an intestinal anti- 
septic, these tablets are unique and remarkably efficacious. 

NEURALGIA*. — A devitalized anemic condition of some 
special nerve or nerves. 

Its etiology embraces a large class of conditions that would 
either weaken or exhaust its vitality; all depressing agents, 
heat, cold, mechanical violence, toxins of disease germs, 
poisons. 

Its recognition is easy, pain of a sharp, lancinating, irregular, 
intermitting character, shooting along the course of the nerve. 



612 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

It receives different names, according to its location. If in 
the brain, cerebral; the face, facial; in the heart, angina pec- 
toris; in the stomach, gastralgia; in the bowels, colic; in the 
kidneys, nephralgia ; in the sciatic nerve, sciatica ; in the uterus, 
uterine; in the eye, ocular; in the ear, otalgia; in the coccyx, 
coccyodynia ; in the breast, mastodynia ; in the pleura, pleuro- 
dynia ; in the testes, testicular. 

The general principles of treatment in all cases are, first, to 
relieve pain as promptly as possible by both local and internal 
remedies, selecting from a large list either heat or concentrated 
ozone and menthol; a liniment of aconite, belladonna and 
chloroform ; oil of cloves, gaultheria and menthol ; oil capsicum 
and chloroform, jelly of violets. Whatever is applied, cover to 
prevent evaporation, and protect from cold, damp. Probably 
the two best sedatives for internal use are the passiflora and 
green root tincture of gelsemium. 

The second indication is to either kill the germ or neutralize 
it. Maintain the integrity of the blood. As an all-round altera- 
tive, simabicidia is the best, and adapted to every case, no 
matter what its origin may be ; a blood purifier and tonic. To 
increase blood formation and growth rapidly, acodylate of 
sodium; as a nerve vitalizer, kephalin and oats; wear warm 
clothing; rest, no worry, no care, no fret; avoid over- 
work ; daily bathing, regular secretions, and a rich, nutritious 
diet. 

Cerebral Neuralgia. — Removal of cause and the exhibi- 
tion of large doses of the solid extract of hyoscyamus ; if there 
be poor circulation and great nervous exhaustion, alternate 
with kephalin granules — not only gives relief, but is essentially 
curative. 

If the pain is paroxysmal, or clue to malarial toxins, concen- 
trated tincture of kurchicin may be added. 

Facial Neuralgia may be due to the toxines of disease- 
germs, to the poison of mercury, lead, brass. Relieve pain in 
all cases; follow with saxifraga, comp. simabicidia, according 
to cause. 

If it depends upon carious teeth, cleansing and inserting 
pledget of cotton saturated with jelly of violets, most effica- 
cious ; if reflex confined to the fifth pair of nerves, a five-grain 
pill of croton chloral, one every half hour, and relief is ob- 
tained. 

Neuralgia of the Coccyx {Coccyodynia). — Pain, tender- 
ness about coccyx; often sharp, tearing, lancinating; is a most 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 613 

unpleasant form of neuralgia. Most common in women, on 
account of their great development of coccyx, and above all, 
in women of high civilization, who have as an index of that 
■condition a sacrum at an angle well verging on to 45 degrees, 
and a coccyx most perfect. In women of low civilization the 
sacrum is nearly straight, and the coccyx almost as rudimentary 
as it is in man. 

Causes. — Hurried labor, or insufficient support to the 
perineum, whereby the nerves of the coccyx receive a shock ; 
blows, falls, fractures, and horseback exercise, etc. 

Symptoms. — Pain in sitting down or in rising, or in walking, 
or in defecating. Pain is even more than neuralgic, more than 
sharp and lancinating; there is a general soreness. In many 
cases patient can only sit on one hip. Any movement or 
pressure on the surrounding parts gives rise to pain. It is ag- 
gravated by menstruation, or sexual intercourse. One boro- 
glycerid pastil every three hours per vaginarn, with patient in 
recumbent posture; at the same time a cocain suppository as 
frequent until relief is assured. 

In coccyodynia, as a result of fracture of the hinge-joint, 
after ossification, in having a child after thirty-five years of 
age, there is apt to be a laceration of the nerves, and neuralgia 
established, which gives rise to painful sitting. 

This is also present in deep-seated inflammation of the genital 
organs, especially in the uterus and ovaries, so very slight, how- 
ever, that the patient does not experience uneasiness, only in the 
sitting posture. 

Relaxation of the great joints of the pelvis towards the end 
of pregnancy is very natural ; they become loose and juicy, 
and a considerable increase of motion is observed in them. If 
the labor is long, the presentation not a good one, or the head 
of the child large, or instrumental deliver)*, made with force or 
violence, there may be a low grade of irritation set up in them. 
So that there is a morbid loosening, which not only gives rise 
to pain in sitting, but hopeless lameness. Rest, general alter- 
ative and tonic treatment will, in time, effect a cure. Pain in 
all cases must be relieved by the introduction of the cocain sup- 
pository and the ozonized pastil. 

Neuralgia of the Stomach. — Gastralgia, a devitalized 
condition of the pneumogastric and vagus, and other peripheral 
branches of nerves that supply the stomach. The partial death 
may be in the nerves themselves, it may be reflected, it may be 
due to toxins of disease germs, poisons. Neuralgia never can 



614 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

be mistaken for gastritis, for the pain is paroxysmal, radiating' 
from the stomach to all parts of the thoracic cavity ; invariably 
relieved by pressure; diminished during and after eating, but 
returns again. 

Nausea, eructations, variable appetite; no special desire for 
fluids, and when not suffering from pain, apparently well. 

A characteristic of gastric neuralgia is the mental phe- 
nomena, despondency, disgust of living or a morbid fear of 
death. 

The pain of gastralgia, and the eradication of the patholog- 
ical condition, may be completely antidoted by one or other 
of the following remedies : 

Dissolve one dram of the jelly of violets in two ounces of 
comp. tincture of matricaria, then administer ten drops in three 
tablespoonfuls of water before meals. This affords instan- 
taneous and in many cases permanent relief. 

Another excellent prescription is sulphate of quinine twenty 
grains; prussiate of iron sixty grains; gelsemin (alkaloid) two 
grains. Mix, make into ten powders, administer one powder 
every three hours for a few days, until the pain is completely 
arrested, and a little longer for a cure. 

The pain of gastralgia is promptly allayed by the taking of a 
papoid et cocain lozenge either before or after eating. 

For temporary relief, if none of the above are convenient. 
add three drops of chloroform to one teaspoonful of glycerite 
of pepsin. Instant relief is experienced the moment it is swal- 
lowed. 

If the neuralgia be due to fermentative changes in the con- 
tents of the stomach, one or two siegesbeckie tablets every four 
hours is a capital remedy. 

If the attacks are accompanied by extreme weakness, pallor, 
vertigo, cold perspiration, tremor, exhaustion from either lack 
of food, combined with auto-intoxication from undigested food, 
frequent small meals, preceded by a kephalin granule, are ex- 
cellent. Poisonous food is probably more productive of gas- 
tralgia than all other causes. Many individuals, by reason of 
their impecuniosity, partake of articles unfit for food — articles 
in which alkaloidal poisons are abundant, and these are re- 
sponsible for much of the gastro-enteritis so prevalent. 

Brewers' yeast is a remedy never to be overlooked in gas- 
tralgia. It has the property of assimilating microbes, or 
inglobing them. Singular to say, all cases improve under its 
use. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 615 

Neuralgia of the Heart. — See Angina Pectoris. 

Neuralgia of the Breast (Mastodynia) . — Neuralgia of 
the breast, with extreme pain and tenderness, may be due to 
blows, contusions, the irritation of corsets, most commonly 
due to some irritation of the uterus, ovaries, or clitoris. 

The removal of cause, tonics, coca, avena, kephalin, sima- 
bicidia, passiflora. Locally belladonna, concentrated ozone and 
menthol, jelly of violets. These remedies failing, look to the 
uterus ; give aletris wine, alternated with nitroglycerin ; comp. 
syr. partridge berry, alternate with cimicifuga and Pulsatilla ; 
use pastils of boroglycerid alternated with nymphae odorata. 

Nephralgia. — Often due to gravel, or disease germs, like 
malaria; to drugs; to suppression of an eruption; in the left 
kidney to poisons of rheumatism ; gout, cold, wet. 

It is attended with most excruciating suffering; sharp 
lancinating pains, coming on suddenly, violent in intensity, 
relieved by pressure, never aggravated by it. If due to gravel, 
it may be continuous, beginning at the time it commenced to 
pass into the ureters, and continuing until it reached the blad- 
der. The pain is paroxysmal in its character, not only ex- 
perienced in the loins, but extends to the groin, thigh or 
abdomen, causing retraction of the testicle in the male, and 
irritation of ovary in the female. If the paroxysms are severe, 
they may be accompanied with nausea and vomiting; a small, 
wiry, feeble pulse ; profuse perspiration ; prostration, with a 
desire to pass urine, and an inability to do so. When concre- 
tion, if due to that, reaches the bladder, pain suddenly ceases : 
if due to other causes, it may continue till the cause is removed. 
Its location (relieved by pressure), character of pain being- 
paroxysmal, with other symptoms of kidney irritation, are 
always important landmarks. 

In the treatment, alcoholic vapor-bath ; external warmth over 
kidneys : if stomach is so irritable as to cause everything to be 
rejected, apply mustard over it, and give a large dose of tincture 
of green root of gelsemium; if vomiting still persists, hypo- 
dermic injection of morphia, preceded by the inhalation of a 
few drops of chloroform. Then apply belladonna plaster over 
kidneys, and depend on quinine and gelsemium internally. In 
some cases aconite and belladonna answer well, with dry cups 
and lobelia fomentations. If due to the retrocession of an erup- 
tion, compound tincture of serpentaria or jaborandi; if due to 
rheumatism, alkalies, as nitrate of potassa and cream of tartar. 
Each case managed as to its cause. 



616 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Ocular Neuralgia is usually relieved at once by rubbing 
concentrated ozone over the forehead and temples, and dissolv- 
ing one grain of the jelly of violets and dropping it into the 
eye — most reliable method. 

The indiscriminate use of cocain and eucain is not to be com- 
mended in eye affections, as they give rise to impaired nutrition 
and are decidedly injurious. Even the pain of glaucoma and 
ophthalmia is alleviated by the violet jelly and concentrated 
ozone. The best internal remedy is simabicidia. 

Otalgia, recurrent neuralgia of the ear, should be treated 
constitutionally in all cases. Simabicidia, gelsemium, passi- 
flora. To relieve pain promptly dry heat, a hot hop-bag, bran- 
bag, hot salt, desirable methods. Mullein oil, a few drops. One 
grain of jelly of violets dissolved in a few drops of warm water 
and poured into the ear affords immediate relief. Of all local 
anodynes for earache, the jelly of violets is the best, for the 
instant it touches the membrana tympanum otalgia is relieved. 

If it be clear that the toxin of the aspergillus is the cause of 
the recurrent neuralgia, the ear might be occasionally filled with 
the peroxide of hydrogen, which promptly kills this fungus. 
The application should be repeated to obtain a good result. 

Pleurodynia, intercostal neuralgia, may be a complication 
of pleurisy or exist by itself, and is usually either of a rheu- 
matic or uremic origin, and must be actively treated on anti- 
dotal lines. 

Comp. conium pill relieves pain. Then select two remedies 
from the following group, and push with energy, ozonized, 
either grycerite of wintergreen and uric acid solvent; or col- 
chicum wine and gelsemium; or matricaria and simabicidia. If 
uremia be prominent, matricaria, gelsemium and uric acid sol- 
vent with asclepsias. 
solvent with asclepias. 

These remedies stimulate, revivify every function of organic 
life, and must be fully known to be appreciated. 

Locally, dry cups, then select either concentrated ozone and 
menthol; or mustard and albumen; or guaiacol plaster; or oil 
of wintergreen ointment. 

Sciatica, being the longest nerve in the body, with a cellular 
sheath of considerable thickness. Very common in the uric 
acid diathesis, in all disorders of metabolism in which rheuma- 
tism and gout are present. The pain in the back radiating along' 
the course of the nerve, well down to the popliteal, is usually 
most excruciating, especially on movement; demands impera- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 617 

tive relief. The compound conium pill must be given un- 
til the passiflora and gelsemium take hold. The remedies in- 
dicated in every case are the simabicidia, saxifraga, and uric 
acid solvent, to rid the blood of toxins, absorb effused lymph 
on the sheath of the nerve, cleanse its neurilemma. These are 
truly curative drugs, but slow in their action ; consequently, the 
comp. conium pill must not be neglected, as it not only affords 
immediate relief, but soothes the jaded brain. Locally, acu- 
puncture along the course of the nerve, followed with rubbing* 
in jelly of violets, is excellent. Concentrated ozone, with men- 
thol added, also efficacious. Guaiacol plaster along the course 
of the nerve fairly good ; even oil of capsicum diluted with 
chloroform not to be despised. 

Neuralgia of the Testes. — Generally caused by either the 
toxins of the gonococcus, rheumatism, gout, malaria. A legacy 
of congress with harlots, excessive sexual intercourse, abnormal 
methods, masturbation, or whether the sexual act is loose and 
varied. 

For immediate relief of pain try conium pill, followed 
with gelsemium and passiflora with cocain suppositories, with 
jelly of violets over scrotum. 

Simabicidia and matricaria always the remedies, according 
to the cause. 

C. p. solution of spermin and passiflora are good for recruit- 
ing. 

Uterine Neuralgia. — Becoming more common daily. 
Some rare cases may be traced to irritation, others to the gono- 
coccus, another numerous class to repeated abortions, followed 
by intrauterine catarrh. The causes that produce it are ex- 
tremely numerous. Independent of mechanical irritation, a 
most common cause is want of development. Modern educa- 
tion and civilization drain off the vital energies of the brain 
and nervous system, leaving the reproductive organs in a state 
of atony, defective nutrition, hence the modern woman at 
puberty makes an effort to perform an adult function with an 
•infantile organ. The effect is imperfect and painful. 

Microbes and other toxins, sexual incompatibility and other 
conditions give rise to it. 

In the treatment the reproductive organs must be given an 
opportunity to catch up with the system in development, which 
involves rest, massage, electricity, protonuclein, c. p. solution 
of spermin, altogether a different treatment from that pursued 
by the modern gynecologist. The pain in all cases must be re- 
' lieved with the boroglycerid pastil and suppository. 



618 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Remedies that favor uterine growth are comp. betin pill, cot- 
ton-root bark, thyroid extract. 

Medical treatment with c. p. solution of spermin and keph- 
alin, with that elegant, reliable uterine restorative wine of ale- 
tris farinosa, of great efficacy ; so also Pulsatilla, green root 
tincture gelsemium, passifiora are of benefit. 

Locally the boroglycerid pastil and the cocain suppository 
stamp out the neuroses. Every remedy failing, massage and 
rest. 

In all cases hygienic treatment is among the best of all cura- 
tive means. Nutrition, exercise, healthful mental and moral 
surroundings are of the utmost importance. Young ladies must 
receive special attention with regard to these matters, and all 
undue drains upon their vital forces, as to close confinement in 
school, at music or art lessons, late hours, and the dissipation of 
society must be discontinued. Local treatment. 

NEURASTHENIA.— Poverty of nerve force gives rise to 
the evolution of a striking pathogenic microbe, which admits 
of artificial culture. It can be easily isolated from the blood 
of every individual who suffers from any nervous malady, be- 
sides it is to be found on the tongue. In languor, debility, head- 
ache, neuralgia, epilepsy, spermatorrhea, impotency, suicidal 
mania, and in all forms of insanity, the blood literally swarms 
with the microbe. It is the presence of this microbe which ren- 
ders suicide, spermatorrhea, impotency, endemic, and mental 
aberration contagious. 

Men, on account of their great development of the sympa- 
thetic, are more obnoxious to the ingress of this microbe than 
females. 

Contagious and infectious in the true sense of the term, close 
contact being necessaiy. 

Like all other disease germs, this bacillus in its evolution and 
growth excretes toxins or ptomains. Four ptomains are found 
in all stages or degrees of nervous shock, from a simple head- 
ache up to tetanus; these are tetanin, tetanotoxin, spasmotoxin, 
and a toxalbumin. 

These poisons are found in the blood and tissues of the in- 
sane, the paralytic, the epileptic, the choreic, puerperal convul- 
sions, the tremulous. 

The influence or effects of toxins is upon weakened parts ; a 
devitalized patch of the brain, when they are present in the 
blood, gives rise to the nerve storm of epilepsy ; a feeble cervical 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 619 

sympathetic, choreic movements; general nerve depreciation, 
convulsions, etc. 

A complete restoration of vitality (to secure immunity) can 
only be effected upon a most liberal diet and a persistent admin- 
istration of ozonized thyroid extract and c. p. solution of sper- 
rnin. 

During a quasi-suspension of vital force, or narcosis, there is 
a complete suspension of microbic evolution and growth, and 
their ptomains are also neutralized or become inert. We see 
this illustrated when pint after pint of whisky is administered 
to a snake-bitten-stricken patient, until complete narcosis takes 
place, on awakening from which recovery is perfect ; when the 
antitoxin lobelia or tobacco is poured in by every avenue in 
cases of tetanus, until the tetanin is neutralized, then the clonic 
spasm ceases ; when cenantha crocata is persistently given to an 
epileptic, the nerve storm, or seizur, ceases ; when the system 
becomes saturated with scutellarin and arsenic, all choreic move- 
ments are abolished; when narcotism is induced by opium in 
puerperal peritonitis, all symptoms disappear, human life is 
saved ; when puerperal eclampsia takes place, from the toxalbu- 
min generated from renal incapacity, for quieting the con- 
vulsive seizures (neutralizing the toxin) there are no remedies 
which give such perfect results as concentrated ozone and chlo- 
roform — the former by enemata, one dram to half -pint of de- 
coction of linseed, to which when cold one ounce of' peroxide of 
hydrogen is added ; the latter by slight inhalations — the rapidly 
recurring fits are controlled, followed with large doses of ozo- 
nized extract of passiflora incarnata, a remedy of great value. 

These facts inaugurate the beginning of medicine as an exact 
science. 

The presence of this microbe in man strikes at the origin of 
life, the reproductive organs, saps his sexual vigor ; causes the 
disappearance of spermatozoa in the prostatic secretion, and in 
their stead spermatic crystals appear, which are devoid of all 
vitalizing or fertilizing elements. 

Annihilate this microbe with bactericides; languor, debility, 
neuralgia, sucidal mania, sexual callousness will disappear: 
even the same remedies in epilepsy, chorea, insanity, will tend 
to cause a marvelous improvement, and bring the number of 
such cases to a cipher. 

The remedies to completely wipe out this microbe are pro- 
longed vitalized massage, electricity, cerebrin, glycerite of 
kephalin, avena sativa, passiflora. 



620 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The diet should be rich in brain elements, phosphates, broiled 
animal food ; boiled fish, eggs, poultry, game, abundance of rest. 
A highly ozonized, salubrious atmosphere; perfect freedom 
from care, worry, anxiety ; daily bathing, gentle exercise. 

Sexual Neurasthenia. — Impotence, a difficulty or impos- 
sibility to perform the act of copulation, a state which either 
implies poverty of nerve force or impairment of the sexual ap- 
petite, or disease, or malformation of genital organs, or de- 
rangement of the brain and spinal cord, by reason of which 
there is either an absence of sexual desire, or power of erection, 
or of ejaculating the semen into the vagina, or any pleasurable 
sensation in the act of copulation or emission of semen. Im- 
potence relates to the act of intercourse and differs essentially 
from sterility or an ability to beget an offspring. 

Without venereal desire or an absence of the sexual appetite, 
the act of coition would be rarely performed. The essential 
parts of sexual congress are the emission of semen, the experi- 
encing of physical pleasure before, during, and for some time- 
after its ejaculation. This sensation originates in the seat of 
sexual appetite in the base of brain, reflexly in the glans penis, 
extends to the adjacent parts, and is experienced in the spine, 
head and entire body. 

• Absence of the sexual appetite is acquired by struggle, worry, 
strain, nerve tire, brainwork; sexual indifference is well 
marked in users of tobacco, alcohol and opium habits ; in such 
states the rendezvous of soul is withered, blighted, whittled 
down; the sexual appetite is extinguished by masturbation or 
perverted methods of congress. Venereal disease, balanitis, 
chancres on the glans penis, destroy its finer sensibility, depre- 
ciate vigor, virile power; masturbation weakens the power of 
erection; so does early excesses; so does gonorrhea, stricture, 
irritable and enlarged prostate; so does tightness or absence of 
the prepuce. The glans penis possesses the highest degree of 
sensibility — this faculty is paramount to all others. 

Masturbation is the cause of spermatorrhea, the loss, the ooz- 
ing away of the nervovital fluid, whether it be diurnal or noc- 
turnal; disease of prostate; damaged, irritable, inflamed, en- 
larged, weakened cord and brain; then failure of procreative 
power. All this may be oblivious to the patient ; semen passing 
in the urine unobserved, or at stool, or the prostatic secretion 
with spermatozoa may flow back into the bladder and be dis- 
charged during micturition and giving rise to impotence. 

In our modern state of civilization our condition of mental' 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 621 

preoccupation operates adversely, and is most efficacious in pro- 
ducing impotency. There are numerous factors at work that 
impair or abolish sexual power, as plethora or obesity, ema- 
ciation ; the latent germs of cancer, syphilis, tubercle, which en- 
gender local atrophy, or wasting of glands or organs; or the 
want of nerve influence to the testes, injuries or blows on the 
back of the head, and all the habits. 

Nervous Impotency. — The sensory neuroses of the sexual 
apparatus may be confined to the testicle, spermatic cord ; it very 
often is of a painful, dragging or stinging sensation in one or 
both groins, or there may be a stinging in the prostate urethra 
daring and after ejaculation of semen. 

On making an examination by the metallic sound the urethra 
is sensitive, especially its prostatic portion — in other cases quite 
the reverse, a diminished sensitiveness exists, almost amounting 
to anesthesia. 

With such a state of hyperemia existing there is often an 
impossibility of consummating the normal act of coition, al- 
though this inability is frequently due to organic change, a mal- 
formation or defect. 

Many causes are often present, nervous or psychical, to wipe 
out a lasting and powerful erection, chronic ailments, some 
drugs ; unrecognized affections of the brain and cord ; all have 
their effect ; perhaps the most common is that form met with in 
young men addicted to masturbation, or who suffer from sper- 
matorrhea. 

Relative impotency, an inability to consummate the sexual 
act with certain individuals, while with others they succeed 
all right, a state of things which often exists among married 
men who have an aversion to their bed companion. 

Neurasthenic individuals, men who have exhaustive brain- 
work, business cares, worry, not infrequently have erections 
which are too weak, too short in duration, evanescent — ejacula- 
tion too soon; vagina large, penis flaccid — emission follows; 
coitus incomplete — unsatisfactory. 

The causes of this form of nervous impotency are to be found 
in a damaged brain and spinal cord, usually the product of un- 
natural sexual excesses; when the individual attempts normal 
coitus, he is unable to accomplish the act — a total failure. 

Recognizing the fact that the mechanism of erection is es- 
sentially under the control of the cerebrospinal system, the 
treatment and cure of such, to be successful, must be by reme- 
dies that act directly upon the disordered parts. 



622 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Ozonized extract of passiflora incarnata in teaspoonful doses, 
thrice daily, is a nerve vitalizer and brain purifier. Quite in- 
dispensable in the correct treatment of a sexual neurosis — it 
does the work and its action is permanent. It seems to be the 
only drug that relieves every pain and inspires a man with per- 
fect confidence. Usually I prescribe a kephalin granule ; one at 
each meal to give the system more phosphates ; in other cases 
ambrosia orientalis in liquid or tablet form. 

Sexual Neurosis. — Among the highly civilized races of 
men we find an excessive development of the great sympathetic 
in both sexes, and as in this nerve the emotions, desires, affec- 
tions, passions are localized — that branches ramify in great 
abundance in the prostate and neck of the uterus — both rich in 
sympathetic branches, supplied from the hypogastric plexus of 
the sympathetic, re-enforced by filaments from the sacral gan- 
glia — so that any violent emotion, any depressing passion, any 
abnormal desire, by debasing affection enervates the uterus in 
women, and seminal vesicles and prostate in men. 

The peripheral termination in the cervix and in the cortical 
layer of the prostate are kept in a constant state of chronic in- 
flammatory excitement, and a reflected irritation to other nerves 
in the sexual area. 

Every violation of divine law meets with prompt retribution 
- — the perusal of dime novels are sexually depressing, give rise 
to involuntary emissions; masturbation is invariably followed 
by seminal leakages, diurnal and nocturnal losses — spermator- 
rhea with all its devitalizing effects. 

Long addicted to masturbation, or continuous association 
with harlots, ultimately gives rise to impotency or an inability 
to consummate the normal act of coition. 

This may be due to organic change, some morbid condition 
of the brain or spinal cord — the centre for the nerves that pre- 
side over creation in the lumbar portion of the cord, and if there 
be a decided breakdown, there may also be a failure of secre- 
tion of semen. 

Young men who enter this arena are the victims of unnatural 
sexual excesses, coupled often with mental and physical exhaus- 
tion, shocks and blows on the back and head. 

Inability to have a lasting and powerful erection is the termi- 
nation of all sexual neuroses. 

If there be either a leakage or a weeping, a moisture or an 
emission, visible or in the urine, it must be completely arrested. 
For this purpose salix nigra orally and by suppository and 



and Dictionary of Diseases, 623 

"bougie or oil of thuja suppository are two excellent remedies. 

Diet, assimilation, bathing, massage, freedom from worry 
and care — every point well guarded, then remedial measures are 
in order to excite and maintain erections. 

It is well known that there is nothing so vitalizing as the se- 
cretion from the brain of semen rich in spermatozoa. 

This is the first point to be arrived at — nutrition, food, highly 
phosphatized, and in abundance. Give matricaria comp. be- 
fore meals, and while eating, kephalin or the c. p. solution of 
spermin, occasionally protonuclein or avena sativa. A course 
of brain-building remedies is indispensable in such dilapidated 
cases. 

Kephalin is the most highly vitalized remedy in the materia 
medica. 

If the case progresses favorably under the above, then stimu- 
late erections. Most physicians just here rush for spinal stimu- 
lants, such as mix vomica or strychnine, cantharides, rhus tox 
and electricity. This is a mistake. Better try the gradual ad- 
ministration of ambrosia orientalis in small doses for a few 
weeks. If the tincture fails add to it the suppository and 
bougie ; if the remedy fails altogether, then give muira puama, 
perhaps the only remedy of definite value as a sexual tonic, dif- 
fers from all other remedies in directly strengthening the erec- 
tile power. In this respect it is away ahead of all other reme- 
dies. It has a peculiar action on the brain cells, on the sympa- 
thetic, and when it does act it affords permanent relief. 

A Neurosis of the Sexual Geands. — This is undoubtedly 
one of the most common complaints which are incidental to the 
reproductive organs of the male, for with every sexual excite- 
ment, either before a partial or complete erection has taken 
place, or even an ejaculation of semen, a clear, transparent, vis- 
cid drop, like the white of an egg, oozes from the meatus. This 
drop represents the secretion of the accessory glands of the 
urinary and genital tract, and consists of the secretion from all 
the glands. The prostate being the largest, the mass of mole- 
cules of that one drop consists of prostatic secretion. 

The object of this secretion is to lubricate the urethra and 
thus facilitate the discharge of semen, which is a fluid of greater 
density than urine. 

If this clear, viscid fluid be secreted in greater amounts, at all 
times, and appears without sexual excitement as an oozing, it 
is prostatorrhea or catarrh of the prostate. Very variable in 
degree and intensitv from acute, subacute, chronic forms. 



624 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Occurring in young men, commonly found as a sequel to 
gonorrhea, when yellowish drop gradually becomes whitish 
and flocculent and finally colorless, watery and slightly viscid. 
The gonorrhea has disappeared, but a moisture, an oozing, a 
leakage remains. This moisture is seen at the orifice of the 
urethra, if slight, by parting the lips ; if greater in degree a 
general leakage, often copious and profuse, wetting the cloth- 
ing. Aside from gonorrhea, masturbation is another extremely 
common cause. Congress with harlots may be enumerated as 
productive of it. 

Married men acquire prostatic catarrh from sexual excesses, 
and abnormal methods of intercourse, and incompatibility and 
relaxed vaginas. 

The uric acid diathesis, acid urine passing over the prostate 
urethra, vesical calculus, rectal irritation. The moisture, the 
oozing or leakage is greatest if there has been inflammation, 
and that complicated with cystitis and epididymitis; whereas, 
in chronic prostatitis, with thickening and enlargement of the 
lobes, or hypertrophy of the whole gland, this hypersecretion 
is no longer clear and transparent, but turbid from cell ele- 
ments. 

The diagnosis of all these cases must never rest on 
their history, but upon a microscopical examination of the se- 
cretion. If the moisture or leakage contain spermatozoa, then 
it is spermatorrhea; if it contains no spermatozoa, it is most 
likely prostatic catarrh. An examination by the sound shows 
extreme tenderness in the prostate urethra in all cases due to 
inflammation. 

Examination of the rectum by the finger reveals a want of 
symmetry of the lobes and irregularity of the body. 

The patient's urine shows phosphaturia. 

The prognosis of all cases of prostatorrhea is favorable, but 
as it is a genitourinary neurosis, the treatment is often quite 
tedious. 

There is, however, a general line to follow in the treatment 
of all cases ; the patient should be placed upon a general altera- 
tive and tonic course, administering comp. saxifraga and mat- 
ricaria ; the best of diet ; morning and evening, hip baths ; bow- 
els kept regular either by fruit or kola-nut lozenge. When rest- 
ing the recumbent posture is best. Sexual congress should be 
completely suspended. 

The special treatment which we have found of great efficacy 
embraces the abrogation for the time being of sexual desire and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 625 

erections, which is best effected by administering tincture of 
the green root of gelsemium in doses sufficient and in fre- 
quency to completely control all erections. The use of bromide 
of potassium to this class of patients is most disastrous, and 
should never be given. 

The internal administration of the ozonized black willow 
bark extract is our best remedy, provided it be faithfully given. 
A suppository and bougie of the glucoside of the black willow 
often are of much service; nay, are never-failing in checking 
the leakages and removing the latent irritation. Their ad- 
ministration requires tact, discretion and skill ; where they are 
properly handled there are few failures. 

Just as soon as you are satisfied that there be no moisture, 
no leakage, no drop, no gluing of the lips of the meatus, the 
remedies might be gradually changed to thyroid extract and 
c. p. solution of spermin. 

Neurasthenia, The Microbe. — This is an evolution due 
to a poverty of nerve force — a weakness and exhaustion of 
the nervous system. Man's reserve vital force is exhausted 
and there is either derangement of the entire system or some 
special organ, which influences the mental function to a great 
extent; often difficult to draw the line between actual insanity 
and its delusions and nervous prostration with its eccentricities 
and irritability. 

A poverty of nerve force gives rise to an evolution of this 
microbe, whose toxin implicates every weakened organ of the 
body ; this may be the brain, spinal cord, genitourinary organs, 
stomach, intestines, etc. ; a special neurosis. 

In all its degrees neurasthenia, a microbic malady, is con- 
tagious and infectious, from simple mental feebleness to the 
most violent form of raving madness. 

A healthy organism responds to the calls made upon it; this 
is not the case with the neurastheniac. 

Among the many exciting causes may be shocks, concus- 
sions, exposure to the sun's rays, but the brain may be weak- 
ened by care, worry, struggle, excessive mental work, business 
strain, losses, grief, fright, tjie toxins of disease germs, and 
much enfeebled by a solitary or monotonous mode of life; ex- 
hausted, starved from adulterated food, a want of phosphates; 
all reflex irritation, most prominently disease of the uterus and 
ovaries in women and the prostate gland in men. 

The microbe of neurasthenia respects neither age nor sex; 
is the great factor in the causation of the uric acid diathesis, 
-every case being identified with that condition. 



626 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Neurasthenia frequently originates in diseases of the repro- 
ductive organs of both sexes, acting reflexly. The influence of 
a pathological condition of the sexual organs on the brain is 
remarkable, apparently insignificant, but gives rise to serious 
disturbance of the general health and morbid impulses in the 
central nervous system; such anomalies should be rectified 
promptly. 

Neurasthenia is the precursor of many mental disorders, one 
of the principal being hypochondria, which has always a sex- 
ual basis ; and melancholia, due to prolonged mental depression 
and actual laxity of the brain cells. 

It is caused in the neurasthenic by exhausting disease, per- 
nicious habits,, as masturbation; certain employments; emo- 
tional influences, as grief and anxiety. Of diseases, those of the 
stomach, liver, lungs, kidneys, and above all those of the geni- 
tal organs. 

Melancholia is the termination of neurasthenia, hypochon- 
dria — a state in which they lose all interest in life and business 
and cannot reason intelligently; they feel bad; have morbid 
feelings ; are troubled with insomnia ; lose strength, flesh, appe- 
tite ; suffer from constipation ; have occasional attacks of severe 
neuralgia; dull cerebellar and post-cervical pain; rapid, small 
pulse; sluggish capilary circulation, with mental instability. 

To overcome the extreme poverty of nerve, to supply the 
brain with its own pabulum, cause a cohesion of its cells, we 
have a most valuable remedy in kephalin, either in liquid form 
or granules ; besides it is an excellent remedy in all conditions of 
debility. As a brain builder its action is incomparable in gen- 
eral nervous weakness ; efficacious in neuralgia, headache, sleep- 
nessness; in anemia, influenza, indigestion, anorexia; in rheu- 
matism and gout. Its action as a tonic is most invigorating, and 
as a general pick-me-up to the worn-out sensualist and the ex- 
hausted inhabitants of our large cities nothing could be more 
efficacious. We strongly endorse its use in all cases of neuras- 
thenia. 

Another remedy of great value is spermin, C 2 H 5 N. A 
chemically pure solution of a sterilized, vitalized extract, or 
alkaloid, a basic substance obtained from the fresh testicle juice 
of the bull, brain, bone marrow and the glandular fabric of the 
reproductive organs, prepared under the most careful antiseptic 
precautions. 

The indications for the use of the remedy are when the ad- 
ministration of the most powerful vitalizing tonic and nerve 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 627 

stimulant is required ; when a brain fertilizer and reconstructive 
are demanded, this remedy is of decided efficacy. 

Properties and Uses. — Its use has a decided influence on the 
health, activity and longevity of the blood-corpuscles; height- 
ens all the vital functions, physical as well as mental ; promotes 
a higher type of manhood ; blends with and is intimately con- 
nected with the origin, existence and prolongation of life; in- 
valuable and never failing in hopeless impotency, lethargy and 
deficient erectile power. 

Dose : For all ordinary cases, one teaspoonful every four 
hours is sufficient; for extraordinary cases two teaspoonfuls as 
often. 

This c. p. solution has an electric action upon the nutrition 
of the brain, so it is indicated in every case of neurasthenia 
whenever the nerves suffer from the want of nutrition, and fail 
in their activity because it accelerates metabolism, favors the 
assimilation and increase of vitality. Very striking results are 
obtained from it in all cases of great exhaustion of the nervous 
system, especially in impotency, phosphaturia and ataxia. 

In functional disturbance of spinal nerves, as in all neu- 
ralgias, impairment due to anemia, it is the remedy indicated. 

The occasional exhibition of avena sativa (Scotch oats) ozo- 
nized tincture; we have an excellent brain builder and nerve 
strengthener. One of the best of all known remedies to cre- 
ate a higher type of manhood, with a high grade of vital force. 

As a tonic in neurasthenia matricaria compound is at the 
head of the list. It is well to administer it occasionally, as it 
markedly increases assimilation, and gives the individual a 
keener relish for food, upon or from which all true vigor comes. 

NEUROSES. — The etiology of all forms of neuroses 
generally depends upon a disturbance of nutrition, either of the 
brain or some special nerve, which gives rise to some abnormal, 
reflex excitability, associated with anemia and a feeble constitu- 
tion. 

Persons in ordinary health may acquire, by various causes, an 
exalted reflex excitability which disposes to neuroses of the 
genito-urinary organs, especially if they weaken their nervous 
and physical system by overwork, cares and vicissitudes of life. 
Immoral reading may excite a neurosis of the urinary organs. 
Shocks to the sympathetic, as fright, grief, not infrequently 
give rise to disturbance of both the urinary and sexual func- 
tions. Long-continued excitement, loss of property, struggle, 



628 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

often give rise to the most varied nervous phenomena. Worry 
often gives rise to frequent micturition, polyuria, even slight 
glycosuria, and sexual impotence. 

A very large contingent of the general widespread nervous- 
ness is brought about by irritation of the urethra, prostate, blad- 
der and rectum. These four organs are in close alliance and 
sympathy; any irritation in either spreads with alacrity to the 
ejaculatory ducts, reflexly to the brain and great sympathetic, 
enervates and irritates the cortical layers. The peripheral 
termination of the entire genito-urinary plexus is kept in a 
state of constant tension. 

The urine in neuroses is excessive polyuria, pale straw-color, 
clear and of a low specific gravity; sugar is not infrequently 
found. This is common in all neurotic cases who suffer from 
chronic brain and spinal-cord lesions. 

In neuroses we have found the following formula most effi- 
cacious in all cases : Glycerite of kephalin, tincture passiflora 
incarnata, of each four ounces. Dose, half a teaspoonful thrice 
daily, with all the good diet, bathing, massage and electricity 
procurable. 

For neurosis of the organs of generation, with complete par- 
alysis, impotence. In addition to the kephalin and passiflora, 
muira puama, in from five- to ten-drop doses, thrice daily, is a 
most effectual remedy. 

An eminent authority says: "Nervous prostration, cerebral 
exhaustion, poverty of nerve force, is one of the all-common 
maladies of the present age. What can be done for it? The 
starting point of all treatment is rest; then bathing and mas- 
sage, morning and night, with regular carriage exercise, sub- 
stantial meals, with an avoidance of alcoholic drinks. The 
most valuable remedy that is to be found for the re-establish- 
ment of brain nutrition is the kephalin granules. Nothing bet- 
ter can be found. 

"The increasing tendency to nervous diseases is due to the 
overestimation of the young; it permeates our educational 
system, diet, recitations. Overstraining and stimulation of the 
mental and nervous organism of the young create a nervous 
temperament in later life. 

"A combination of these elements produces defective nutri- 
tion of the brain, which can only be effectually overcome by 
kephalin." 

Nervous Diseases. — A most important class of diseases, 
not always easy to diagnose, and not always well understood. 
There are two great groups of nervous diseases : 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 629 

1. Those known to be due to injuries or disease of the nerves 
or nervous tissues. 

2. Functional diseases, in which no morbid lesions can be 
demonstrated. 

The former includes the different forms of paralysis; the 
latter such diseases as chorea, hysteria, neuralgia, insanity, de- 
lirium tremens, etc. 

Symptoms. — More or less paroxysmal pain. Certain tender 
spots on pressure along the course of the nerve. Neuralgic 
pains have a tendency to shift from one place to another. 

Neuralgias of special nerves have distinctive names, thus : 
Tic douloureux (fifth cranial nerve), sciatica (sciatic nerve), 
gastralgia (the nerves of the stomach), and so on. 

Treatment. — Removal of the cause, if it be known. Light, 
nutritious diet. 

To relieve pain, internal and external remedies may be tried. 

Internally. — Quinine, passiflora, simabicidia, c. p. solution 
of spermin and ammonia. 

Externally. — Counter-irritation, belladonna, aconite, chloro- 
form liniments, concentrated ozone, jelly of violets. 

Nervous Temperament, in which the nervous sys- 
tem is developed at the expense of the physical. A common 
condition. 

This is a nervous age.- Rapid development has made the 
nervous system highly susceptible and unstable. The strain and 
pressure of modern life, acting upon this increasing sensibility, 
causes so much suffering, men instinctively look around for arti- 
ficial stimulants to benumb it. Alcohol, opium, cocain, coffee, 
tea, tobacco, sauces, condiments, and large quantities of stimu- 
lating food are used to relieve the very conditions for which 
they are largely responsible. All artificial stimulants and un- 
necessary food, in health, create excitement, uneasiness, and 
extra work in the system. If the individual feels better after 
indulging in stimulants, it is either due to temporary paralysis 
of the nerves of sensation, which, like sentinels asleep on duty, 
fail to report to the brain the damage done by the enemy, or 
else there is a reckless expenditure of vitality, which the indi- 
vidual can ill afford. 

The habitual and excessive use of artificial stimulants is 
liable to cause disease of the vasomotor system of nerves, 
chronic congestion of the brain and viscera generally, followed 
by inflammatory or degenerative structural changes in the 
blood-vessels and other organs, often terminating in apoplexy. 



630 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

All nervous energy generated in excess of that needed for 
the performance of function should be utilized in work. It 
should not be stupefied by narcotics, wasted in high and reck- 
less living, or turned in upon the brain to ravage the system 
with worry, according to the individual temperament. The 
unrest, the acute and painful consciousness of which neurotic 
persons complain, may be forgotten in light, suitable, and 
varied work. Habitual work has specialized all our organs, 
and, temperately performed, it will give stability to the higher 
nerve centres. The neurotic person's salvation lies in cultivat- 
ing his individuality by thinking and doing, and in the strictest 
observance of temperance and moderation. If he must have 
artificial help, give him some mild nervine, such as kephalin or 
a vena sativa, constructive agents by which we increase the tone 
of the nervous system. 

NEVUS. — An anastomosis of small blood-vessels, capilla- 
ries or veins, which become permanently dilated and their con- 
tents communicate freely with each other. 

They are usually congenital, appearing either at birth or 
puberty; sometimes the result of a contusion, a bruise or 
ecchymosis which never disappeared. Most common on the 
head, face, neck and chest ; located either in upper layers of the 
skin or beneath it ; they are also met with on the mucous mem- 
brane of the cheek, gums and under the tongue; more rarely 
on the scalp, lips, body, breast, intestine, liver. 

They are termed port-wine stains, or mother's marks ; their 
color and shape give rise to fancied resemblance to things in 
nature, as strawberries, raspberries ; very variable in thickness, 
some merely superficial, others thicker, with a well-defined 
margin; some are influenced by excitement, crying, laughing, 
coughing, straining. 

The large percentage of cases are congenital ; in some rare 
cases the atrophy and disappear. 

With regard to treatment, very many methods are resorted 
to with but poor success, as leaving a scar either on the exposed 
or covered parts; nevertheless they should in all cases be re- 
moved. 

Every surgeon has his favorite method ; if superficial, they 
paint them with liquid chloride of chromium ; if deep, excision ; 
in other cases, ligation and subcutaneous injection, with 
coagulating fluids, like carbolic acid and perchloride of iron, 
a dangerous method, saving us a clot in the circulation often 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 631 

terminating in apoplexy and paralysis ; coagulation by needles 
and electricity no better. Even vaccination with croton oil, 
ethylate of sodium and a seton are unsatisfactory. 

Ozonized oil of thuja has come to the front as a remarkable 
remedy to cause all nevi to shrivel up, atrophy and disappear. 
If the dilated vessels are superficial, it may be applied on lint, 
simply saturating it every three hours and binding it on; if 
deep-seated, it can be injected into the mass. 

NEW DISEASES. — There are a number of ills incident to 
the use of new appliances, and these have already become so 
clearly recognized that they are a matter of course in medical 
practice. Indeed, the victims have given names to them which 
have been adopted in scientific phraseology. Bicycle back is a 
familiar ill, and comes of the doubling-up position about which 
so much has been written and said. It is akin to the disease 
known as miner's back, which comes upon men who work in 
mines and are in a stooped position for many hours at a time. 
Telephone ear is a not uncommon complaint. It is not an or- 
ganic disease, but purely a nervous condition, and arises from 
nervous strain. Almost without exception, the trouble ceases 
with the discontinuance of the use of the telephone. Teleg- 
rapher's and typewriter's cramp has many victims. This diffi- 
culty is not easily got over, as in many instances the muscles 
become almost or altogether useless, and the patient is unable to 
control them. It is curable only after a course of scientific 
treatment. One of the latest complaints is the trolley foot. 
Of all these new diseases, those due to cycling are the most 
disastrous. Every cyclist has an inherited weakness in their 
physical and mental constitution ; it is therefore for the interests 
of humanity that a check be placed upon all the participants in 
anything that would degenerate vitality, breed disease, or 
work out their own destruction. 

Every scientific physician can attest that all cyclists have 
urethral discharges at all times of prostatic and seminal secre- 
tions, as a result of this mode of exercise ; that this leakage 
drains away the nervo-vital fluid, atrophies and degenerates 
the penis, spermatic cord, testes, prostate, spinal cord and 
brain ; that it induces profound impotency. as the weeping from 
the penis being continuous, is exhaustive, devoid of sperma- 
tozoa, infertile. 

As a cure which can be effected, if no organic change has 
occurred, the mode of exercise which induced those urethral 



632 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

discharges must be forever discarded. Comp. matricaria 
should be given before meals to promote an appetite, aid nutri- 
tion. C. p. solution of spermin after meals; the ozonized ex- 
tract of black willow bark internally, and the salix nigra sup- 
pository will promptly check the discharge from the ever- 
weeping penis. 

For the defective, chaotic nervous system, under which may 
be classed defective brain organization, impotency, spinal irrita- 
tion, loss of sensation in feet, numbness in the penis and 
perineum, there must be rest, massage, together with matricaria 
and large doses of the ozonized extract of passiflora ; when the 
threatened symptoms of paresis are overcome, try kephalin and 
avena, prolonged course ; occasionally ozonized thyroid extract. 

Vascular and degenerative changes in the spinal cord and its 
membranes, so great in numerous instances as to destroy the 
embryonic cells. In the early stages ozonized extract passiflora 
incarnata and green root tincture gelsemium, large doses and 
frequent. Locally to the lumbar portion of the spinal cord; 
first anoint a surface with olive oil equal to nine inches trans- 
versely and five inches longitudinally, then rub in as much con- 
centrated ozone as can possibly be absorbed. Repeat this every 
evening before retiring, on any spot in which inflammation can 
be detected. Later on protonuclein and c. p. solution of 
spermin. 

Difficulty in the act of micturition. Absolute suspension of 
the exercise, large doses of the green root tincture gelsemium, 
followed by a course of Virginia stone crop to brace up the 
sphincter. 

All cyclists have albumin in their urine, for which proto- 
nuclein and matricaria are excellent; when arrested add 
ozonized passiflora to the other remedies. 

Cardiac failure. Probably the prevailing malady. The 
strain thrown upon the heart gives rise to dilatation of the left 
ventricle, which if the exercise be persisted in becomes per- 
manent, irreparable ; then follows a want of nutrition and fail- 
ure. The destructive exercise must be forever discarded. 
Comp. matricaria ozonized the best tonic ; to feed the weakened 
heart-muscle, give three grains of creatinin isolated from the 
white meat of quail, thrice daily; occasionally protonuclein 
or ozonized thyroid extract. 

Give passiflora and gelsemium for difficult breathing. Any 
edema, strophanthus. 

Increased all lung maladies; augmented their mortality, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 633 

aggravated, intensified, and complicated all respiratory affec- 
tions ; been extremely productive of emphysema, a dilatation of 
the air cells, which no remedy can either ameliorate or cure but 
euphorbia pilulifera. The reabsorption of human sweat, which 
possesses intense toxicity, spends its virulence upon the lungs, 
gives rise to pneumonia. 

Auto-intoxication. The character of the exercise dissipates 
all the reserve force of the individual ; incidental strain is ex- 
cessive ; the nerve prostration and excitability intense ; waste 
of all the structures extreme; toxical products are not 
eliminated, hence, auto-intoxication; the toxicity being visible 
in the headache, prostration, fever, general enervation. Baths, 
massage, unlock the secretions ; administer very large doses of 
ozonized extract of passiflora incarnata, periodate aurum. 

Women cyclists have analogous conditions, add to which a 
rigid, leathery perineum, a great barrier to easy parturition. 
Add to all, cycling is productive of gross immorality. 

NIPPLE. — The mammilla or nipple of the breast may be 
the seat of numerous morbid processes. Its peculiar anatomical 
character renders it liable to become the seat of disease germs, 
so that we frequently meet with the germs of eczema, lepra, 
lichen, psoriasis, the colonies forming crusts, scabs, and the 
like, irritated or aggravated by corset bones. During lacta- 
tion, especially at the commencement, nipple is very apt to 
become tender, from mother permitting it to lie in child's 
mouth. Young or inexperienced mothers are not aware of 
the fact that the child should be nursed at regular intervals of 
two hours apart; that the child should empty breast perfectly, 
no milk left in it ; because if there is, it will irritate the gland, 
dry up the secretion, so that the mother will become a poor 
or scanty nurse. When nipple is removed from the child's 
mouth it should be well dried, and care taken that no article 
of dress irritates it. Nursing mothers should wear flannel 
summer and winter, so that the breast be always covered with 
this vitalizing covering, so arranged as to permit breast to be 
easily uncovered. The practice of bathing the nipple the last 
two months of pregnancy, in order to harden it and prepare it 
for work, with port wine and bark, brandy, or astringents, is 
not to be recommended among our ladies, who are highly 
civilized, whose nervous systems are keen, liable to impres- 
sions. When we look at the intimate connection of the nerves 
of the nipple and the uterus, such practice is not likely to be fol- 
lowed by good results. 



634 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

NOSE. — The mouth is not more distinctly the gateway to 
the alimentary system than the nose is to the respiratory, nor 
is it more carefully designed for preparing food to enter the 
stomach, than is the nose for preparing air to enter the lungs. 

The nose has three highly necessary functions related to 
breathing, and for which it is delicately adapted, besides those 
of an opening for air and a detective of bad air, viz., to warm, 
to moisten, and to filter air which it admits; and that neither 
of these functions can be performed by the mouth. However 
cold or warm the atmospheric temperature, the air is brought 
almost, if not quite, to the temperature of the blood in passing 
through the nose alone, and even before reaching the pharynx, 
or cavity back of the nose; that however dry the external air 
may be, it is completely saturated with moisture by passing 
through the nose; that instead of the moisture of the breath 
being supplied by and carried from the pulmonary tissues, it is 
carried to them from the nose, and may be deposited as a dew 
upon the bronchial surfaces ; that gaseous exchanges take place 
in the nose, between the gases of the blood and those of the 
air, just as in the lungs; that nearly one-fiftieth of the exhaled 
carbonic acid is given off by the nasal mucous membrane, 
even when expiration is not performed through the nose. 

It is evident that if air of a low temperature be brought in 
contact with the lower respiratory passages, inflammatory 
processes would be likely to be induced ; and when at the same 
time the air is dry, if not duly moistened by being inhaled 
through the nose, this tendency would be greatly increased, 
and the coincidence must be the most efficient occasion of con- 
sumption, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc. Drying out thus the 
moisture of the air-passages provokes an exudation of the 
albuminous part of the blood, and so provides the best possible 
culture fluid for the bacillus tuberculosis, the pneumonia, 
typhoid, or other health-destroying germs to lodge and propa- 

£ ate - 

In the mouth there is no provision for supplying sufficient 

moisture. Deprived of its normal watery constituents, the 

normal mucus of the bronchi becomes thick and a source of 

irritation. 

By the abattis of hairs at its entrance, and by its narrow and 

tortuous mucous passages, the nose protects the parts below 

not only from the irritating qualities of particles of dust and 

smoke, but from the deadly invasion of microbes. With all 

parts of the current of inspired air coining in immediate con- 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 635 

tact with the nasal mucous membrane, it must follow that vast 
numbers of germs will adhere to this membrane. 

On the one hand is the narrow entrance, through which 
the air enters with all its invading hosts. On the other hand, 
nature has provided for the defence of this grand point of 
attack a tortuous defile, which the current of air cannot pass 
through without hugging its sides and its warm and moist 
lining. In this lining are ever-watchful defenders, congregated 
to devour the army of invading germs. Here, then, is con- 
tinuously waged one of the great battles of life. 

From what has been said the following conclusions can be 
drawn : 

1. The nose should be kept clean. 

2. All obstructions to nasal respiration should be removed. 
Especially should the mouth be kept firmly closed on emerging 
into the cold air; and while it should always be used as little 
as may be convenient for breathing, let such use be carefully 
avoided in the presence of foul, smoky, foggy, dusty, or extra 
dry and cold air. 

It is estimated that in good healthy sections of our country, 
with abundant ozone areas, each inhabitant, with an ordinary 
breathing capacity, inhales into the nose every hour 1 50 micro- 
organisms, whereas the denizens of all our large cities, with 
no ozone, inhale 1,500 per hour. 

The fate of those germs is of great importance, especially 
when we remember that expired air is practically free from all 
germs, clearly showing that they never reach the air-cells in the 
pulmonary tissue, but are destroyed in the nasal fossae. 

In the act of inspiration the air. containing the 1,500 germs 
which pass into the nasal cavity every hour and are arrested 
there, is freed from all microbes before it enters tht trachea. 

The interior of a nasal cavity is perfectly aseptic, and pos- 
sesses a potential bactericidal action — the vestibules of the 
nares, the vibrissas lining them, crypts and crusts are swarming 
with bacteria. 

The different structures of the nose not only arrest the in- 
gress, but annihilate the germs : the vibrissas act as a filter for 
the microbes, which penetrate the cavity before they meet their 
fate in the moist meshes of the hair which fringe the vestibules, 
and are subsequently ejected by the action of the ciliated 
epithelium; even the nasal mucus itself exerts a germicidal 
action on all pathogenic microbes. 

The nasal cavity and its secretion possess the important 



636 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

property of an inhibitory action on the growth of all microbes 
in the nose — even eliminating and killing many. 

In a healthy nose all microbes are thus arrested, many de- 
stroyed before they reach the nasopharynx; a majority stopped 
by the vibrissas at the entrance, and those that do penetrate the 
mucous membrane are rapidly eliminated. The nasal secretion 
is an unsuitable soil for the growth of all organisms, an impor- 
tant factor in preventing their growth and multiplication. The 
removal of the intruding germs from the Schneiderian mem- 
brane is due to the action of the ciliated epithelium, assisted 
by the trickling of mucus and lachrymal secretion. Phago- 
cytosis aids to some extent. 

A healthy nasal cavity is thus prophylactic against the en- 
trance or ingress of all contagious and infectious diseases. Such 
an organ should be nursed. To keep it in a still more healthy 
condition, increase its germicidal power, a tepid saturated solu- 
tion of ozonized boroglycerid should be used as a wash, douche 
and gargle morning and night. 

To mouth breathers, into whose lungs 1,500 microbes hourly 
enter, subjects who suffer from germ-growth, multiplication 
and excretion of ptomains, as is seen in the general lassitude 
and debility, try the ozonized boroglycerid in tepid solution as 
a mouth-wash. 

NUCLEIN. — Protonuclein, the active principle of life, 
chemically a phosphorized proteid, the principle of the defensive 
proteids of the organism. 

It is extracted from the active glands of the sheep, from 
plants, yeast, and vegetable life generally. 

It is indicated whenever we are desirous of stimulating nutri- 
tion — whenever we desire to bring into being successive broods 
of young cells or increase the number of leukocytes in the blood 
stream, augmenting their functional activity, and so stimulate 
cellular action to resist morbid changes produced by disease 
germs. 

It is upon the presence or absence of nuclein that the vitality 
and growth of all animal and vegetable life depends. 

Possessing all these qualities in a pre-eminent degree, it is a 
great tissue builder, of intrinsic value in disorganized states of 
the blood, of great efficacy where the toxins of disease-germs 
of tuberculosis, pneumonia, bronchitis, dysenterry, cholera, 
typhoid fever, laryngitis, diphtheria, sap the very essence of life. 
It has a potent action in rebuilding the wavering, tottering body 
when it needs support. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 637 

No matter what the malady may be or what plan or course of 
treatment may be pursued, add protonuclein to the bill in what- 
ever form is most eligible. 

It is usually administered either in powder, tablet, supposi- 
tory, or in solution hypodermically. 

The great value of protonuclein, in suppository form, has 
been thoroughly demonstrated in stimulating the germinal spot 
of the ovum in sterility; in causing the growth of broods of 
spermatozoa in impotency; it is the essential of life, nutrition, 
reproduction. In disease, its action is both curative and pro- 
phylactic in diphtheria, typhoid fever, pneumonia, tuberculosis, 
malaria, anemia. 

The protonuclein suppositories used by individuals in feeble 
health keep the blood-corpuscles and tissue cells in good fight- 
ing shape and exterminate any bacilli that may dare to enter. 

NUTMEG. — Many familiar culinary substances have been 
found to have valuable medicinal properties ; the nutmeg, so far 
as we are aware, has not been among the number. Its turn 
has now come, however, for it is efficacious in the treatment 
of summer diarrhea, many cases yielding readily to doses of 
half a dram administered in milk. Insomnia is said to be 
effectually relieved by it. In delirium tremens it can be em- 
ployed with safety and benefit, when any other sedative would 
be dangerous. For itching and irritable piles an ointment of 
two drams of powdered nutmeg, one dram of tannic acid, 
and one ounce of ozone ointment is an excellent application. 
Powdered nutmeg may be administered in doses of from two to 
ten grains for children, and from ten grains to two drams for 
adults. Larger doses have produced profound coma, lasting 
for hours. 

NYMPHOMANIA. — Constant and distressing desire for 
sexual intercourse, with an erectile condition of the clitoris, 
may arise from disease of the brain, spinal cord, inflammation 
of clitoris, from masturbation, or excessive venery, sedentary 
habits or occupations, bicycle exercise, and, above all, by the 
vascular excitement that is produced by our abominable, 
sensually exciting literature. 

Treatment. — Removal of cause, plenty of exercise, or hard 
work ; daily shower-bath, well-regulated bowels, sleep on straw 
or hair mattress, light covering; cold-water hip-baths, and 
vaginal injections of cold water, except during menstruation ; 



638 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

large doses of green root tincture of gelsemium and passiflora 
at bedtime, or camphor, belladonna, and conium, to cut off sex- 
ual desire; alteratives and tonics administered persistently; a 
strict avoidance of all light literature; a pure, moral atmos- 
phere; same treatment as for masturbation in male. The 
amputation or partial destruction of the organ with caustic 
potassa is of doubtful benefit. 

In cases of inflammation, rest, open bowels freely, hot poul- 
tices, and general treatment for fever. 



NYMPH^E ODORATA.— Various preparations of the 
white pond lily are in use, all possessing tonic and vitalizing 
properties to the generative organs of the female. A glucoside 
from the root is unquestionably the best, and applied directly 
to the parts, most efficacious, in the form of a pastil. 

They are extremely efficacious in all relaxed, debilitated, or 
devitalized states, morbid or callous states of the vagina. This 
preparations excels all uterine tonics in this, that it stimulates 
the lumbar portion of the spinal cord, which stimulus is im- 
parted to the ovaries, broad ligaments, and uterus, causing a 
general contraction or drawing up of the organs if displaced. 
Therefore, they are of efficacy in all loose, relaxed states of 
vagina, falling of the uterus, leukorrhea, catarrh, ulceration, 
etc. Never failing when the complex generative system of the 
female loses its tone, vigor, vivacity — where callousness has 
suspended enjoyment; where the sexual act is inoperative, 
where the vagina needs the aid of a great vitalizer and con- 
tractor. In addition to its great power over the broad liga- 
ments and ovaries, in this form it is an excellent germicide, and 
very valuable in all cases of gonorrhea, which are passed by so 
lightly. The gonococcus in the vagina is always dangerous. 
It does not localize itself in the urethra, but is liable to irritate 
the uterus and set up metritis or endometritis, giving rise to 
grave changes in the reproductive mechanism, fraught with 
danger. 

The washing out of the vagina thrice daily with a tepid solu- 
tion of boroglycerid, followed by the introduction of a white 
pond lily pastil, very soon clears the vagina of this disease 
germ. Besides, through the vagina a most decided impression 
canjbe made on the uterus, bladder, ovaries and adjacent parts, 
as absorption of the drug is rapid through its mucous mem- 
brane. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 639 

OBSTETRIC CONES.— These "cones" are prepared from 
the finest butter of coca, boroglycerid, hydrochlorate of cocain, 
and hydrogen peroxide. 

Their use is indicated in every case of parturition. 

Simultaneously with the first pain one should be inserted 
as far up the vagina as the finger can push it, and at the same 
time one up the rectum. These speedily melt, thoroughly lubri- 
cate the parts, and produce anesthesia of the uterine plexus of 
the nerves, rendering the parts soft, moist, easily dilated. 

In a short time two more should be inserted, and thus re- 
peated every half hour, in accordance with the judgment of 
the accoucheur. At the same time the abdomen over the uterus 
and lumbar portion of the back should be rubbed with a mixture 
of concentrated ozone and chloroform. By these procedures 
the pangs of parturition are either totally obliterated or reduced 
to a cipher, the vagina rendered aseptic. 

The use of these cones in all cases of parturition at full time, 
or miscarriage, is far-reaching. When thus used there is no 
tedious labor, no inertia of the uterus, no hour-glass contrac- 
tion, no retained placenta, no post-uterine hemorrhage, no 
metria, no puerperal convulsions, a speedy convalescence. 

Those cones have numerous other valuable properties; they 
cure the three forms of dysmenorrhea, specific inflammations, 
induration of the neck, leukorrhea, pruritus, pile, irritable and 
ulcerated rectum, ascarides. 

The chief physician of one of our largest midwifery hospitals 
says that the obstetric cones are the greatest desideratum of 
the age ; of the greatest possible value before and after delivery ; 
invaluable for procuring painless labor, and for an antiseptic 
protection for both vagina and uterus they are unexcelled. We 
have used them in several thousand cases of labor, and there has 
never been a single case of puerperal fever, or peritonitis, since 
we commenced to use them. 

The use of these cones clearly shows that puerperal fever is a 
preventable malady. 

The use of these obstetric cones in all cases of parturition has 
made it possible for the child to pass beneath the pelvic arch, 
through which every candidate for immortality has to pass, 
without causing much pain to the mother. Science has thus 
completely antagonized the idea of pain. 

OBSTRUCTION OF THE BOWELS.— Mechanical im- 
pediment to the evacuation of the bowels. The ordinary symp- 



640 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

toms are distention of the abdomen, colicky pains, nausea, vom- 
iting sometimes of mucous, greenish or bloody matter, hie* 
cough, tympanitis, feeble pulse, haggard looks, tetanus. 

The obstruction may be due to strangulated hernia, or to an 
accumulation of impacted feces; to solid concentrations of 
chalk, magnesia, indigestible matter; to spasmodic or perma- 
nent stricture; to inflammatory adhesions of bowel to walls of 
abdomen; or by adhesion of bowel, or by external violence or 
otherwise; to intussusception or invagination of the bowels, 
the introduction of one portion within the other, most common 
in loose, flabby persons. 

Remedies. — Very large doses of sweet-oil and opium, copious 
warm-water injections, lobelia and hyoscyamus. Peroxide of 
hydrogen in infusion of flaxseed is one of our best remedies, 
as it evolves large volumes of ozone gas in the bowels which 
relieves the obstruction; concentrated ozone over the abdomen. 
Prolonged anesthesia, massage. 

ODONTALGIA. — A pain in a tooth depends upon a variety 
of causes, such as the toxins of disease germs acting disas- 
trously on the nerve ; decay of the dentin carries its microbe : 
exposure of the nerve to the atmosphere and extraneous matter. 
Cleansing cavity thoroughly, inserting a piece of cotton satu- 
rated with jelly of violets, or if not sufficient destroy the nerve 
completely with arsenious acid or chloride of zinc. 

ODORS. — The liver being the organ to work off all toxins, 
when active few odors from the body are perceptible, but let 
there be inertia of that gland from any cause, the sebaceous 
glands of the tonsils, mouth, nose and feet are called upon to 
eliminate, and in this process there is a fetor, a germinal evolu- 
tion. 

In dealing with bacteria we must never lose sight of the idea 
that they only grow when vitality is low. Every debilitated in- 
dividual has a bad taste in the mouth and a foul breath, regard- 
less of how clean he keeps the mouth. The mouth is simply 
a breeding ground for all manner of germs ; a constant stream 
of those elements of disease is carried into the stomach, infect- 
ing the alimentary canal, irritating the liver, entering the blood. 
The most common cause of bad breath is the sluggish liver and 
decomposition of the coating of the tongue. 

To rectify the sluggish liver take a selection from remedies 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 641 

that energize that gland, such as periodate aurum, chionanthus 
virg., comp. matricaria; mouth-wash of boroglycerid. 

Odors from the feet, with sweating, exhibit a state of re- 
markable toxicity, which, until the liver trouble is eradicated, 
is best got rid of by painting the soles of the feet with formalin, 
first bathing with soap and water, drying off, adding twenty 
drops of formalin to one tablespoonful of water, and brushing 
it on lively over the soles and other parts of the feet. 

Almost immediately the offensive odor disappears. The 
physician must be the guide as to the strength of the solution 
used. It must be sufficient to destroy the microbe of sweat, 
whose toxin is depressing. 

Thus we have the odors of disease well marked and defined, 
such as variola ; the odors of races, of menstruation, of vegeta- 
tion. Besides, some highly civilized beings have an idiosyncrasy 
to odors, which are productive of headache and nerve disturb- 
ance — intolerable odors which give rise to nasal, laryngeal and 
lung trouble. 

CENANTHE CROCATA (Water Hemlock, Cowbane).— 
This plant is conspicuous in the cure of epilepsy of the most 
intractable form, succeeding in warding off the spasms when all 
other remedies have failed. 

Our preparation is made from the plant, specially imported 
from Scotland by ourselves, and is most reliable. Properties 
extracted by percolation. 

Dose : Variable ; best to begin with small doses, 1 to 5 drops, 
and increase very gradually, every three hours, in water, until 
the spasms are warded off. 

CEDEMA. — A swelling produced by the accumulation of a 
serous fluid in the interstices of the areolar tissue. Recognized 
by its softness, by leaving an indentation for some time, which 
gradually disappearing is pale, and without pain. (See 
Dropsy. ) GEdema common in weakened parts, serous or sero- 
purulent infiltration of the submucous tissue of the glottis, with 
symptoms resembling croup, but attacks adults rather than the 
child ; is in all cases very fatal. 

CEdema, Pulmonary. — Serious apoplexy of the lung. The 
primary, pathogenic condition of pulmonary oedema is the stop- 
page of the capillary circulation in the alveoli from the increased 
Wood pressure in the left auricle: a too free supply of blood 
from the right side of the heart coming through the pulmonary 



642 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

arteries ; exudation taking place. Whether mechanical or pas- 
sive in its origin, it is invariably accompanied with persistent 
dyspnea, a great increase of carbonic acid in the blood and 
death of the heart from general asphyxia and pulmonary 
oedema, which had its origin in the left auricle. 

There are three forms recognized : congestive, inflammatory, 
toxic. 

Its etiology embraces infective conditions : toxic agents in 
the blood, the toxins of the bacillus amylobacta, epidemic influ- 
enza, diphtheria, typhoid fever, pneumonia, chronic alcoholism ; 
cardiac disease an important factor. 

Usually ushered in with profound prostration, tickling in 
the fauces; painful, most irritable thoracic tension; intense 
dyspnea ; continuous spasmodic cough, followed by frothy ex- 
pectoration; cyanosis, colliquative sweats. 

With regard to treatment, experience has shown the unde- 
niable value of the acetic tincture of lobelia, followed by di- 
oxide of hydrogen, with nitroglycerin suppositories. 



(ESOPHAGUS, STRICTURE OF.— Two varieties, spas- 
modic and organic stricture. 

Spasmodic Stricture. — Usually comes on suddenly during* 
a meal, and is followed by a rejection of food, a sense of con- 
striction and inability to swallow ; often depends upon swallow- 
ing some acrid substance ; reflex irritation from the gums, stom- 
ach, bowels ; reflected to medulla ; then transmitted by weak- 
ened nerves that supply the circular muscular fibres or rings of 
oesophagus. 

Remedies. — Apply stimulating remedies to the spine from 
the nape of the neck down ; administer extract sumbul and al- 
ternate with coca, lobelia comp. 

Organic Stricture. — Consists in a thickening of the cir- 
cular muscular rings, with lymph, excrescences, tumors. 

The difficulty of swallowing is always encountered and per- 
manent. 

The digestive action of either papoid or trypsin has been 
tried in digesting organic stricture. ; it is usually combined with 
boroglycerid paste and made into a bolus sufficiently large to 
swallow, but of such a size as to be arrested at point of obstruc- 
tion, at which point it operates well, for it will digest the ad- 
ventitious structure of a stricture more readily than a normal' 
tissue : it can also be inserted on the hollow point of a bougie. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 643. 

OIL. — This is a collective name, under which two classes 
of fluids are included, very different from each other. Those 
belonging to one class are viscid, mawkish, almost insipid : 
those of the other class are devoid of viscidity, are caustic, anti- 
septic, volatile ; the former being known as fixed oils, the latter 
volatile or essential. All of utility in medicine. 

Olive Oil. — Pure olive oil is useful in infancy, adult life 
and old age, in health and in sickness. Its increasing demand 
would very decidedly indicate an increasing knowledge of the 
laws of health. 

Much is sold as olive oil which has nothing of the olive about 
it save the name. Much is of an inferior grade. 

A good, pure oil is valuable, all others worthless. 

Pure olive oil has been well known and freely used by the 
members of the medical profession in all forms of chest trouble. 
but it does not receive as much attention as its valuable proper- 
ties and its successful use would seem to merit. 

From the earliest moments of infantile life — and we might 
add, as early as its first bath — olive oil will be found a valuable 
application for the new-born infant, soothing and nourishing 
the delicate skin. 

One of the most important things to have always on hand 
in the nursery, therefore, is a bottle of the best olive oil. 

In a large proportion of the diseases of infancy and child- 
hood it will be found of the greatest value. It is especially use- 
ful in all forms of bronchial diseases, whether acute or chronic. 
It relieves the congestion of the mucous lining of the air pass- 
ages, maintains an equable temperature, affords a soothing 
warmth, and is, without doubt, highly nutritious. 

-It is safer and better than jackets of Indian meal or any of 
the common applications found in the nursery. 

The oil should be slightly warmed, then the patient's chest 
should be bathed profusely with it. Afterward a strip of clean, 
old, and soft shirting, large enough to completely envolop the 
whole chest, and thoroughly saturated with the oil, should be 
carefully applied. Over this a larger piece of dry cotton cloth 
must be firmly but not too tightly adjusted. 

Inunctions will be found excellent in all cases where artificial 
nutrition is sought for. 

In all eruptive diseases like measles, and especially in scarlet 
fever, chicken-pox, etc., nothing is better for an external appli- 
cation. 

Oleum Hyperici. — This oil is made by filling wide-stop- 



644 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

pered bottles with flowers of St. John's-wort; then fill them 
with olive oil ; the bottles so filled to be exposed to the action 
of the sun's rays for about six weeks, or until the oil becomes 
of a deep-red color. It is then fit for use. In its action, when 
applied to the human tissues, it is an anesthetic, and has the 
identical properties of arnica, marygold and mullein; hence, it 
is of efficacy in contusions accompanied with ecchymosis. 

In th otalgia of children, whether due to neuralgia or in- 
flammation or rheumatism, it does not produce the effect that 
is obtained from mullein oil; it does not relieve the pain so 
promptly. 

If a patient be suffering from violent earache, the ear filled 
with peroxide of hydrogen and retained until effervescence 
ceases; then emptied, and from three to five drops of warm 
mullein dropped into the external meatus, it promptly relieves 
pain. 

It is doubtful whether, in the near future, that all those 
vegetable agents be not entirely superseded by the jelly of vio- 
lets, introducing one or two grains into the ear. 

Oleum Verbascum. — Identical in proportion to» therapeutic 
effects. 

OINTMENTS. — Quite a number of new ointments have 
been introduced, all having their base in petrolina jelly or vase- 
lin. Some of these possess rare value, and are entered in the 
pharmacopeia. 

Ozone Ointment is a powerful bactericide. 

Indicated : In all skin diseases, as in erythema, eczema, 
lichen, psoriasis, prurigo, pityriasis, impetigo, all forms of tinea, 
blotches, pimples, burns, frost-bite, erysipelas, excoriation, .ul- 
cers, varicose veins, itch, scurvy, piles, as a dressing to all 
wounds or sores. 

Its energetic germicidal properties render it the finest, most 
penetrating emollient, healing product virtue, as no microbe 
can live under where it is applied. Hence it is valuable locally 
in phthisis, pneumonia, metria, balanitis, chancre. 

Chrysophanic Acid Ointment. — In variable strengths, 
10, 20 and 30 per cent is of great therapeutic value in psoriasis, 
lepra, and cutaneous leprosy. 

Applied in its high potency, it causes a complete exfoliation 
of the malignant cutaneous affection, leaving a healthy tissue, 
and if the proper constitutional remedies are administered, sel- 
dom reappears again. A strength that will cause desquamation 
is desirable in all cases. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 645 

Gaultheria Ointment. — This ointment has a most re- 
markable affinity for the bacillus amylobacta, the pathogenic 
microbe of rheumatism. By endosmosis it passes into joints; 
over the pericardium of the heart it has an active sterilizing 
effect, as is visible from the prompt relief of pain. Besides kill- 
ing off the bacillus, it neutralizes its toxins. 

As an agent to be employed in partially ankylosed joints due 
to gout and rheumatism it has no equal. Best applied by gentle 
massage. 

Guaiacol Ointment. — A much more active agent than the 
pine-tree ointment, being capable of completely annihilating 
the tubercle bacillus. In endosmosis it has remarkable powers 
of penetration ; in the same potency as the pine it will double it 
in real practical utility as a bactericide. It is also exceedingly 
valuable in cases in which the gonococcus has migrated to the 
testes and produced orchitis, with considerable pain and en- 
largement. Bathing the scrotum with water as hot as can be 
tolerated, drying off, then applying guaiacol ointment every 
three hours, speedily brings about resolution. 

Guaiacol ointment or jelly is inimical to the microbe of ery- 
sipelas ; its microbicide properties are great in destroying every 
vestige of the germ. 

Mexican Ointment. — The climate of Mexico is most re- 
laxing, hence hernia is very common among both old and young 
of both sexes. Some twenty years ago a celebrated surgeon in 
the City of Mexico introduced this ointment as an application 
over all hernial openings so as to induce contraction, and at 
the same time excite adhesive inflammation, with effusion of 
plastic lymph and obliteration or filling up of the hernial aper- 
ture. The method adopted in its application is to return the 
hernia, bathe over it, dry well, then apply the ointment over and 
above all the truss, pad or compress. The application is unat- 
tended with danger, and is more successful and rational than 
the injecting of irritants into the hernial aperture. In order to 
effect a radical cure keep on with its application for a few 
weeks, until abundance of plastic lymph has been effused. 

Siegesbeckie Ointment. — Being a powerful germicide, has 
great healing properties in gangrenous ulcers. It is of utility 
in all vegetable parasite skin diseases. It contains an alkaloidal 
substance called daturin, which is an active bactericide. 

Resorcin Ointment.— A valuable local application to all 
cancerous cavities and ulcers. It operates well also in syphil- 
itic sores. 



646 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Resorcin ointment is the best known of all the germicide 
cerates, and can be successfully prescribed in acne, eczema, pru- 
ritus, in all acute and chronic skin diseases. One of the best 
and most reliable of all cutaneous applications. 

Saw Palmetto Ointment. — This is prepared from the 
oleoresin of the ripe, undried berries, and possesses all the me- 
dicinal properties in a very marked degree of this very cele- 
brated agent. As a vitalizer, a promoter of nutritive growth 
and development of the organs of generation in both sexes, 
there is no remedy which can be compared with it. It is easy of 
application ; simply bathe the breast or scrotum, dry well, apply 
the ointment with gentle massage or friction for fifteen min- 
utes, morning and night. During the day and night a thin 
coating of the ointment should be kept in close approximation 
without pressure. 

Storax Ointment. — This is prepared from the best Persian 
storax, and makes one of the most valuable of all microbicide 
ointments. It unquestionably forms one of the most valuable 
dressings for cancerous cavities after removal. An elegant 
application to syphilitic sores. 

Pine Tree Ointment. — The oil of the needles of the North 
Carolina pine incorporated into ozone ointment, potency 10, 
20 and 30 per cent. This ointment, containing all the ozonizing 
aroma of the pine, when applied over a tubercular solidified 
lung, over tubercular damaged joints, inhibits, sterilizes, and is 
actively inimical to the vitality and growth of the tubercle 
bacillus underneath. We do not claim that it will annihilate 
the bacillus ; it is a scavenger and puts the germ in a quiescent 
state ; valuable as an auxiliary agent. 

OLD AGE AND PREMATURE DEATH.— Pathology 
teaches us that the chief characteristics of old age are the de- 
posit of calcareous matter in the heart and blood-vessels. This 
results from a slowed action of the heart and defective elimina- 
tion. Ossification causes this condition, upon which nutrition 
depends. 

In youth digestion is perfectly performed, assimilation is 
rapid, repairs promptly made ; not so after the middle period of 
life. 

Three- fourths of the human body is water, which holds those 
earthy salts in solution ; but as time progresses, assimilation 
and elimination become defective, and the human blood, which 
contains lime, magnesia, iron, having done its work in the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 647 

body, in early life is thrown off; as age advances, it has not the 
power to do it. 

Blood is produced from food, and we must look for an early 
accumulation of earthy salts, if the diet is not well guarded. 
By a careful selection of diet, man can prolong life; by keep- 
ing those earthy salts at a minimum, and in a state of solubility. 
Bathing, pure air, warm clothing can do much, together with a 
proper selection of food. 

Living matter, as it deviates from the simpler protoplasmic 
cellular type and becomes more complex, loses its vitality. 
Cells in the course of their existence become differentiated — 
that is, they are changed from the primitive type; they attain 
a higher degree of perfection ; their functions are exalted ; they 
become specialized, and, in doing this, they lose some of their 
power of attraction ; their resistance is lessened ; in other words, 
what they give in quality they lose in quantity. But, for- 
tunately, all cells are not highly differentiated, and all do not 
reach their maturity at once. If they did, our lives might be 
shorter than they are. The nerve cell is probably the most 
highly differentiated, and is the first to wear out, other things 
being equal ; while the connective-tissue cell is the least differ- 
entiated, and as a result enjoys a long and happy existence. 
When the more highly organized cells cannot be reproduced 
rapidly enough to fill in the gaps, their place is taken by con- 
nective-tissue cells, the functions of the organs are interfered 
with, and old age commences. 

Degenerative changes in the nerve cell give rise to numerous 
and varied miseries, which are seldom relieved by active treat- 
ment or modern remedies, consequently new treatment and 
newer remedies are in demand by those who feel the trammels 
of senility closing around them — anything reliable is a welcome 
addition to our therapeutical resources. There are two forms 
of old age, the premature and the really aged. 

Premature old age, in which the individual is unable to at- 
tend to the ordinary demands of life, owing to debility, to con- 
stitutional defects, infectious diseases, depressing emotions, 
venereal excesses or losses. 

In genuine old age, senile involution, with a tendency to 
arteriosclerosis, the functions of the body are slow, inefficient, 
appetite poor, digestion feeble, defecation insufficient, heart's 
action feeble, respiration superficial, everything a burden; he 
is indifferent to surroundings ; has vertigo, indecision of char- 
acter, weariness, insomnia, impaired memory, sexual power at 



648 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

a low ebb, the expulsive power of the bladder feeble, walking 
bad, dull pain in the knees, temper testy, peevish, fretful, sel- 
fish. 

The mean duration of modern life is between 40 and 50 
years; but the cycle of physiological life should be 100 years. 
Few reach that, owing chiefly to bad inheritance, neglect in the 
bringing up, bacterial poisons, improper or adulterated food, 
deleterious trades, insanitary states, impure air, overwork, 
use of alcohol, sexual excesses, draining off the nervo-vital, 
excessive brainwork with monotony, worry, grief, anxiety, 
accidents, concussions. 

OLFACTORY NERVE, in which the sense of smell is 
located, has its origin in the medulla oblongata, leaves the 
~brain opposite the inner part of the fissure of Sylvius by three 
roots, or branches, which by their union form a triangular knot 
or expansion, reaching the ethmoid fossae, where it spreads 
itself, forming a triangular ganglion or a grayish soft bulb, 
which furnishes from its inferior surface the branches, which 
;are distributed to the nasal fossae. These filaments are numer- 
ous, pass through the foramina in the cribriform plate and 
enter the nasal fossse. They are arranged into the internal, ex- 
ternal and middle. The former is distributed over the mucous 
membrane, covering the outer walls of the nasal fossse; the 
second descends upon the septum, and the third is lost on a 
portion of the pituitary membrane that lines the vault of the 
fossae. 

It is impossible to justly appreciate the marvelous function 
of this nerve, in either warding off, annihilating disease germs 
or rendering them innocuous ; how in inspiration a germ-laden 
atmosphere passing over it, and in expiration free of both them 
and toxic products of their growth ; susceptible in certain neu- 
roses of producing grave pathological conditions, as in hay 
fever so called. 

ONYCHIA. — A peculiar ulceration, usually commencing in 
the matrix of either the finger or toe nails. Common in chil- 
dren under ten years of age ; due to filth and breathing a dele- 
terious atmosphere of animal and vegetable matter in a process 
of decay; later in life, syphilis, lead and mercury are at its 
origin. 

The exciting cause is an injury or some form of irritation. 
It has a microbic evolution, identical with fungous foot, com- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 649 

mences with the end of the finger swelling, and an effusion of 
serum under the nail, which loses its natural color and becomes 
thin and flattened at the end and curled up laterally, divesting 
itself from its normal attachment, exposing a foul and painful 
ulcer, with characteristic fetor. If not promptly attended to ? 
the phalanx itself may become necrosed. 

The latest method of treatment is based entirely on the pres- 
ence of a disease germ, and consists first in washing the 
affected member with a lotion of formalin, one ounce to a quart 
of water, trimming the nail back to where it is attached to the 
matrix, dusting on iodol, bandaging, then immersing the finger 
every half hour in peroxide of hydrogen. , 

Repeat this daily; it is the most successful local treatment; 
free from the usual modifications of cutting, scraping, burning. 
The formalin wash is a valuable disinfectant and parasiticide 
brought into the presence of living organisms ; it is powerfully 
destructive to them and all microscopic life, and has a distinct 
influence in promoting a renewal of life. 

The peroxide, preceded by dusting on iodol and keeping it 
saturated, works well. 

In a few days, apply the rubber adhesive plaster, which fits 
better, is softer and easier applied, requiring neither heat nor 
moisture. 

OPACITIES OF THE CORNEA.— Sulphate of cadmium 
must never be overlooked as an active absorbent in corneal 
opacities, nebula, albugo, leukoma. Add two and one-half 
grains of this remedy to one ounce of mucilage. Shake well, 
then dip a camel's hair brush in it and apply it to the centre of 
the spot of haziness, and retain it in contact with it for a few 
seconds. At the commencement, the application is best made 
once a day, but after a while it can be repeated two or three 
times in twenty-four hours. As the pain decreases, after each 
application, the strength of the solution may be increased to 
five, even seven, grains to the ounce. When its opacity is of 
recent formation it readily disappears under this remedy, but 
when it has existed some time, the application may have to be 
continued longer. 

OPHTHALMIA (Conjunctivitis). — Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the eye and inner aspect of the lids is met 
with under the following different forms : Infantile, common 
acute, purulent, gonorrheal, tubercular, rheumatic, granular, 



650 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

All are contagious and infectious, because each one contains a 
pathogenic microbe, the living, breeding germs of disease. 
They have certain symptoms in common : pain, heat, redness, 
swelling, with intolerance to light, mucopurulent discharge 
and a sensation as if there was sand in the affected eye, with 
great constitutional disturbance, headache and fever. 

There are certain measures in treatment common to all, such 
as confinement to bed in a dark room with his surroundings 
hygienically perfect; passiflora incarnata for fever; as the 
ophthalmic nerve originates in the cervical portion of the cord, 
apply to the nape of the neck and under the eye a thin coating 
or plaster of the jelly of violets; dissolve one grain of atropia 
in one ounce of rose water, drop a few drops into the eyes every 
one or two hours. In all cases the affected eye must be 
washed out with, some antiseptic lotion ; cover the eye lightly 
with some cloths wet with the same solution. If one eye only 
is affected, guard the other with extreme care. Bowels must be 
kept open with periodate aurum ; bathing at least morning and 
night; nutritious diet, but no stimulants. 

1. Infantile Ophthalmia. — It is customary by the pro- 
fession to attribute this form to either leukorrheal or gonorrheal 
discharges of the mother, or to the glare of light or currents of 
cold air. This, as a rule, is not correct, for on careful investi- 
gation we find that it is due to imperfect removal of the seba- 
ceous secretion with which the child at birth is covered — de- 
cided carelessness in the application of the oil to unite with that 
secretion, and permitting it to enter in either the inner or outer 
canthus of the eye. 

If this should occur, it will manifest itself inside of nine days 
after birth, ushered in with slight intolerance to light, dis- 
charge, and, if permitted to progress, all the symptoms become 
well defined. 

The general principles of treatment must be carried out : 
bathing, atropia, violet jelly, and usually a hot solution of boro- 
glycerid should be used for washing out the eyes, to which 
peroxide of hydrogen may be added, and cloths wet with the 
same lightly laid over the affected organ. The mucopurulent 
discharge, greater or less, must never be permitted to accumu- 
late, as it is liable to give rise to haziness or opaqueness of 
vision, or even penetrate the cornea. 

2. Common Acute Ophthalmia. — Generally the result of 
irritation, dust, sand, foreign bodies, cold, exposure. 

Same treatment as for the purulent. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 651 

3. Purulent Ophthalmia. — Most aggravated of all the 
varieties, generally due to insanitary conditions, overcrowding. 
Often prevails in epidemic form. A low grade of this species 
exists in our public schools, disseminated by the use of towels 
used by the infected. Exceedingly contagious and infectious. 
Immense amount of mucopurulent discharge, which flows 
from the corners of the lids. The inflammation is intense, 
progresses with rapidity; conjunctiva enormously swollen, in- 
tensely red; blood-vessels much engorged, elevated above 
cornea (chemosis) ; often several small points of ulceration can 
be detected; great danger, liability of the cornea being de- 
stroyed. Constitutional symptoms are of great severity. 

The treatment must be of the most active description ; vera- 
trum viride, aconite, passiflora, vapor baths, atropia in eye 
every three hours, sulphate of quinine and protonuclein ; wash 
out affected eyes with a tepid solution of ozonized bo.roglycerid, 
with an excess of peroxide of hydrogen added ; place jelly of 
violets to nape of neck, and insert in the affected eye one grain 
of the jelly at bedtime. Its effects are marvelous in subduing 
inflammatory action and killing microbes. 

Enforce rigid antiseptic precautions and avoid all insanitary 
states. Destroy all cloths that have been applied. 

Under this rigid treatment, the microbes are completely an- 
nihilated, and recovery takes place. 

4. Gonorrheal Ophthalmia. — This is either due to the 
direct application of the gonococcus to the edge of the lids in 
individuals who have the gonorrhea, to imperfect cleansing of 
the hands, or to towels used by the infected, etc., or to the 
toxin of the gonococcus irritating the sclerotic coat. As a 
rule, the inflammation progresses with great rapidity, most de- 
structive in its effects, and symptoms severe. The same treat- 
ment as inculcated under the purulent should be tried, washing 
ing out the eye every three hours with a solution of perman- 
ganate, strength of three grams to the ounce of distilled water, 
applying cloths lightly saturated with peroxide of hydrogen. 
Alteratives and tonics are indispensable for a cure. 

5. Tubercular Ophthalmia. — Occurs only in individuals 
who possess an intense tubercular diathesis, and is characterized 
chiefly by the greatest possible intolerance of light, with no 
pain, no redness, no sensation of sand, no mucopurulent dis- 
charge, merely a little mucus. The atropia solution may be 
useful, but, as a rule, a lotion of chloride of sodium, three 
grains to the ounce of water, with a dram or two of per- 



652 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

oxide of hydrogen added, makes the best wash and local ap- 
plication to the eye. Enforce a rigid treatment for tuber- 
culosis, matricaria for a tonic, glycerite of ozone and mistura 
guaiacol to kill the tubercular bacilli in the blood, at the same 
time resorting to all obtainable methods of building up vital 
force. Protonuclein, c. p. solution spermin. 

6. Rheumatic Ophthalmia. — In this form the bacillus 
amylobacta has invaded the white fibrous tissue, the sclerotic 
coat; toxins are excreted, which give rise to most agonizing 
pain; but little redness, but considerable intolerance of light. 
A serous discharge, often profuse, runs from the eye. Con- 
siderable constitutional symptoms, with pain in the head ; and 
the leading symptoms of rheumatism present themselves. 

To the affected eyes, dry heat, or baked chloride of sodium, 
as hot as can- be tolerated, renewed frequently; atropia always 
serviceable; dark room; otherwise the general treatment for 
rheumatism should be pushed energetically, selecting from the 
following : ozonized glycerite of wintergreen, manaca, matri- 
caria, ozonized uric acid solvent, tine, cimicifuga racemosa, 
protonuclein, comp. saxifraga and Phytolacca. 

7. Granular Ophthalmia. — A result, an effect, or con- 
comitant of some of the other forms, especially if the affert " 1 
individual is greatly debilitated in health, or the treatment poor. 
It consists in granulations, enlarged papillae projecting from the 
conjunctiva, apt to extend to the entire mucous membrane 
covering the globe of the eye; there is intolerance to light, a 
seropurulent discharge, ulceration and opacity. 

Atropia of utility; a lotion of resorcin, three grains to the 
ounce, as an eye-wash. A grain of jelly of violets in affected 
eye every night is of great efficacy. Internally, comp. saxifraga 
and matricaria, and every possible means to improve the general 
health by a highly nutritious diet. The next best remedy in 
granular ophthalmia is a good strong infusion of the pulverized 
decorticated jequirity bean. It is a safe remedy, rapid and 
efficacious in its results. 

8. Ophthalmia Tarsi. — Inflammation of the Meibomian 
glands at the roots or matrix of the eyelashes. May be a sequel 
of some of the preceding forms ; often sympathetic from 
gonorrhea, but most generally dependent on the bacillus of 
tubercle and syphilis in the blood ; insanitary states and mal- 
nutrition are favorable for its evolution. 

The cause is a devitalized condition of the edge of the eyelids, 
and the evolution of a microbe in the Meibomian glands and alt 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 653 

around the edge of the lids, which renders it essentially con- 
tagious and infectious. The micro-organism is extremely 
virulent, one case contaminating the atmosphere of a large 
school. 

Its characteristics are either in the acute or chronic form by 
some degree of irritation, lachrymation and intolerance of 
light, and on everting the lids the granulations are visible as 
elevations on the mucous membrane of the lids, never encroach 
on the globe. These granulations are variable in size and ar- 
rangement, and they do not all appear to mature at the same 
time; in color grayish or yellowish, often hidden by the sur- 
rounding papillae ; ulceration, incrustation of the lids, cicatrices 
form as the result of degenerative changes. 

The malady is becoming very common — so much so that 
formalin should be kept constantly exposed in all our school- 
houses, theatres, churches. 

In calling the attention of our readers to granular ophthal- 
mia, we have no reference whatever to the sympathetic redness 
of the lids in cases of gonorrhea or masturbation. 

The most successful treatment ever presented to our pro- 
fession consists in a rigid avoidance of all insanitary states, 
bathing, best of nutrition and a constant evaporation of forma- 
lin vapor in the apartment. To the edge of the lids, to the eyes, 
a highly ozonized solution of boroglycerid should be kept con- 
stantly applied, and the edge of the lids everted should be 
painted thrice during the twenty-four hours with jelly of 
violets. 

Vigorous treatment is indispensable for the relief of the pa- 
tient. 

Speaking pathologically of the different forms of ophthal- 
mia, every one has its own pathogenic microbe, which renders 
each contagious. 

In recent years, towns and cities on the banks of rivers, along" 
the line of the sea-coast, have the output of their sewers 
emptying into which bathers enter, which has caused another 
virulent form of ophthalmia to appear, known as pink eye. To 
prevent this, bathing must be restricted, so that it should not 
be performed within five miles of any sewer outlet; if within 
that restricted area, there is danger to all bathers' eyes, coming 
in contact with the microbes of typhoid fever, pneumococcus, 
diphtheria, etc., a conglomerate mass of germs, which gives rise 
to pink eye, a sewer-bred bacillus. Same treatment as the 
purulent; action so as to prevent granulation and corneitis.. 
In such cases boroglycerid lotion is invaluable. 



654 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

OSTEOARTHRITIS.— An acute and subacute inflamma- 
tion and enlargement of joints, differentiated from rheuma- 
tism by the character of the swelling being in the bones, chiefly 
involving the large joints; circumscribed, permanent, not 
moving from joint to joint; not usually affecting the smaller 
peripheral joints ; negatively by its obstinate character, absence 
of tonsillitis, cardiac lesions, and profuse acid sweats — from 
gout by the want of periodicity, length of the attack, involving 
chiefly large joints, like the knee; no disposition to metastasis, 
but in osteoarthritis, in addition to the bone-pain in the larger 
joints, stiffness of the neck and jaws, a stabbing pain in the 
wrist, ball of the thumb, numbness and tingling in the ex- 
tremities. Common among people in advanced life, due to 
degenerative changes in the epiphysis of bones. 

Alteratives and tonics internally; among the best are saxi- 
fraga and carbonate of guaiacol. The latter does interfere 
with digestion, but in the intestines splits up into carbonic acid 
and guaiacol; an excellent remedy in this distressing malady, 
free from all irritation, stimulating an appetite, facilitating 
assimilation. Begin with five grains thrice daily and increase 
to ten and twenty grains, relieving pain, reduces temperature, 
and diminishes swelling. Locally, either keep joints wrapped 
up in cotton or apply compresses of alcohol and salt or olive oil, 
followed immediately with concentrated ozone. Persevere on 
this line. 

OTORRHEA. — We naturally ask what causes the dis- 
charge ? Where is the initial starting point ? What is its ex- 
tent ? What tissues and structures does it involve ? 

The ear is a delicate organ, made up of very highly organized 
structures, a bony frame-work, with cartilages, muscles, nerves, 
blood-vessels, mucous membrane ; divided into external, middle 
and internal. 

The ear is shut out from the outside world by a drum or 
tympanum ; this membrane is attached to a series of bones, to 
hold it tense, and when so held receives the undulations or 
waves, or vibrations of sound, and plants them upon the 
auditory nerve. 

The cavity of the inner ear is connected with the throat by 
the Eustachian tube. In order to have good hearing, there 
must be an unobstructed passage for the air to go in and out, 
according as the cavity of the ear is made lesser or greater, 
by the movement or vibration of the tympanum. If the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 655 

"Eustachian tube be closed, air cannot enter the ear cavity, 
sound cannot cause the membrane to vibrate — deafness is the 
result. It is the brain that hears ; the reflection of the auditory 
nerve upon the tympanum is the medium of transmission. 
Variable pathological conditions are liable to take place, chiefly 
from inflammation induced by cold, injuries, toxins of disease 
germs, such as thickening of the mucous membrane; anky- 
losis of the small bones, that they cannot move. 

Very many constitutional conditions affect the ear, and give 
rise to conditions dangerous to health and life. 

Individuals suffering from inflammatory states of the ear, 
with otorrhea, have a less chance of long life — their brain is 
more exposed to the ravages of disease, more liable to have a 
penetration of morbid action with the mastoid cells. 

Some recent remedies are of intrinsic value in ear maladies, 
such as peroxide of hydrogen, jelly of violets, mullein oil. 

OVARINL — The absorption of the ovarian secretion makes 
the woman. When ovulation ceases, between 45 and 50, and 
there is a complete absence of this internal secretion, there is 
usually great constitutional disturbance, with a marked change 
in every organ of the body, and a variety of troublesome symp- 
toms, such as congestion of different organs, excessive hemor- 
rhages, dyspepsia, flatulency and vertigo, rheumatic and 
neuralgic pains, cutaneous eruptions, profuse sweats, ulcers of 
the legs, hysteria, pseudo-apoplectic seizures, diseases of the 
breasts, insanity, paralysis, are common. The constitutional 
disturbance attending this critical period, the want of the in- 
ternal ovarian secretion, is indicated by great turmoil of the 
cerebral circulation, with irregular action of other vital organs. 

The effects of the change locally are briefly as follows : 

1. Atrophy of the uterus, together with atrophy of fibroid 
tumors, should they exist. 

2. In cases of polypoid growths, the hemorrhage, as a rule, is 
less, due to the diminished blood supply to the uterus and its 
appendages. 

3. The change has no beneficial effects whatever upon 
malignant disease of the pelvic organs. 

The treatment, to be effective, must be direct ; we must sup- 
ply the system, at least for a few years, with ovariin, for which 
the brain and other vital organs are literally starving, and 
gradually and comfortably merge her into the new life into 
-which she is entering. 



656 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

She needs a bracing tonic, which is to be found in tlie comp.. 
tincture of matricaria, which should be always administered 
before meals ; she needs a vitalizer, a restorative, a remedy that 
will brace up her tissues, and make her feel young again, which 
she has in the wine of the aletris farinosa and comp. syr. par- 
tridge ber-ry. 

A course of treatment like the above has been found most 
useful in tiding the patient over this crisis. 

OVARITIS. — Usually caused by some uterine irritation, as 
abortions, absorption of lochial products. 

It is met with acute and chronic. Deep-seated pain over the 
region of the ovary, aggravated by pressure, numbness in the 
limbs, extending down to the thigh, sharp, darting; stinging 
pains in the ovary. 

Our best remedies are rest, recumbent posture, local stimula- 
tion over affected ovaries; try first a combination of aconite, 
belladonna and gelsemium, with pure cocain suppositories in 
both vagina and rectum — if these do not afford good result, 
bromide and iodide potass in fluid extract sumbul. Run it into 
a chronic form, then administer fluid extract of salix nigra. 
General course of tonics and alteratives. Pulsatilla in alterna- 
tion with passiflora is of great efficacy. 

OVULATION. — No organ in the body exerts so great an 
influence over physical and mental development as the ovaries. 
At birth they are very small, smooth and flat, but as age ad- 
vances they enlarge and become oval and tense. When about 
puberty, they so greatly increase in size that they are matured 
and throw off or exfoliate or discharge the ova. Puberty 
among the Caucasian race and in our own country is usually 
about fifteen years. When this event takes place, the ovaries 
assume a nodular appearance, due to cicatrization which takes 
place after the discharge of the ova, and this condition remains 
till late in life, when they shrink, atrophy, and present the 
appearance of short and thickened bands. 

Menstruation usually accompanies ovulation, through the 
child-bearing period of life. 

This consists of a discharge of blood and detritus, which 
comes from the uterus, and ought not to exceed four ounces, 
and in health passed without pain. 

Puberty ushers in complete ovarian development ; simultane- 
ously with this the breasts enlarge ; nipples become prominent ; 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 657 

vagina more roomy; mons veneris covered with hair, pelvis 
broadens, hips and thighs increase in size, and become rounder ; 
even the voice and the whole tone and aspect of the body 
change when these characteristic landmarks appear. 

Unless some shock, disease or pregnancy take place, men- 
struation will continue from 15 to 45 years of age, at which 
latter period they cease, when ovarian atrophy sets in. The 
cessation of the menses or change of life, menopause generally, 
therefore takes place about 45 years, at which time we see 
something of a return to the muscular type ; the voice becomes 
coarse, breasts atrophy, more or less hair appears on the lips 
and chin — there is a general shrinkage and coldness of the 
sexual organs. 

There has been much discussion regarding ovulation and 
menstruation, the relationship between the two. Ladies enjoy- 
ing the highest possible state of health are frequently met with 
who never had the slightest discharge, and conceived. Con- 
ception often takes place in young ladies before the menses have 
appeared ; in married women while suppressed during lactation. 
The age at which conception is possible varies greatly in 
races and in individuals. 

In tropical countries and other races than the Coucasian, 
often as early as 10 years; in cold climates 17 to 21. The 
ovaries mature early in hot climates, late in cold countries. 
The general well-being of a people ; rich or meagre diet, con- 
dition of life, the city or country, all influence growth and 
maturity. 

Conception is very rare in women who suffer from organic 
disease, such as diabetes, or from deficiency of blood and nerve 
elements, as anemia, or chlorosis — states in which the ovaries 
are incapable or do not possess sufficient energy to evolve 
healthy ova. The ova are discharged periodically, once a month 
or every 28 days, and it is near that period that impregnation 
is most likely to take place, for about 10 days before or after. 

The season of the year has a most remarkable effect on con- 
ception — being much more common in the spring, and summer 
than in the autumn and winter months. 

The quantity and quality of food used by a given race affects 
conception. More children are born where there is plenty and 
comfort than in abject poverty. Again, women in moderate 
circumstances are more prolific than those living in luxury. 
Isolation, sameness, indoor life induce sterility. Stability of 
our political institution is favorable for fecundity. 



658 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Menstruation is a mere symptom of evolution. When it 
does not make its appearance until the 20th year it is a sign of 
non-development or atrophy of some essential part of the 
generative organs. From 46 to 50 years of age, it becomes 
permanently suppressed and indicates senile sterility. The 
menses may be arrested by fright, cold, great physical and men- 
tal excitement, and indicates a condition unfavorable for con- 
ception. 

Many women claim to be able to tell the precise date of their 
impregnation, due probably to the perfect orgasm which takes 
place. 

In most of the lower animals the relative position during^ 
copulation of the two participants is back to belly, the part 
played by the female being merely passive throughout; but in 
man she is more of an active agent, this being rendered pos- 
sible by the belly to belly position. 

This position also brings the most sensitive parts of the geni- 
tal organs of each sex in contact. The engorged and sensitive 
clitoris during coitus is drawn down by muscular action, so 
as to make it come in contact with the superior aspect of the 
penis, while the corona glandis of that organ causes friction 
against the roughened folds of the anterior vaginal wall. 

In many married and young women, the anterior wall of the 
vagina, situated behind the symphysis pubes, is even more sen- 
sitive than the clitoris, so that if friction be continued for some 
time, all the female organs of generation become engorged 
with blood and roused into a state of great excitement. Mus- 
cular action is excited. The uterus enlarges, becomes cylin- 
drical, straightens out in the axis of the canal. Its external os 
becomes dilated and round, while the plug of mucus, normally 
closing that opening, is expelled. With these changes, there is 
a slight descent of the uterus towards the mouth of the vagina, 
while its fundus is tilted back to the sacrum, so as to bring the 
uterovaginal axis down to a right angle. When orgasm ap- 
proaches, the contents of the vulvovaginal glands are dis- 
charged in jets and the vagina and uterus take on a rhythmical, 
contractile action, which assists the entrance of the seminal 
fluid, as it is ejaculated over the cervix into the uterine cavity. 
By these same contractions the uterine terminations of the 
Fallopian tubes are also opened. 

OXALIC ACID DIATHESIS— OXALURIA.— When the 
co-ordinating chemical centre is further enfeebled by some ner- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 659 

vous disease, alloxan is formed in sufficient quantity to combine 
with glycogen and prevent the formation of other substances ; 
oxalic acid is formed, and appears in the urine. Now, this di- 
athesis is dependent upon very great nervous prostration, es- 
pecially in the nerve-centre and nerves that supply the lungs, 
stomach, pancreas, and liver. Generally found in old cases of 
chronic bronchitis or nervous dyspepsia, and is characterized 
by the persistent appearance of crystals of oxalate of lime in 
the urine. 

Rhubarb may cause a temporary appearance of oxalic acid, 
which disappears as this vegetable is discarded or discontinued. 

The crystals appear in the form of minute, transparent octa- 
hedra, or like dumb-bells. 

The persistent presence of oxalic acid in the urine indicates 
the very low state of vital power, and is very liable to give rise 
to two distinct and dangerous complications : 

1. A concretion of oxalate of lime (mulberry calculus) 
may form, either in the kidney, bladder or prostate. 

2. The poisonous action of oxalic acid in the blood is 
liable to produce irreparable lesions in the brain, heart, stomach, 
etc. 

Treatment. — Great attention should be paid to diet. It 
should be generous, consisting of animal food, eggs, fish, milk, 
etc. ; all articles that contain oxalic acid, as rhubarb, sorrel, 
tomatoes, sugar, etc., be forbidden; daily shower-baths, fol- 
lowed by friction; flannel clothing. Vegetable alteratives and 
tonics should be administered. Our best tonics are iron, cin- 
chona, hydrastis ; muriatic acid in compound tincture cinchona 
is invaluable. 

The above three states are what is understood when we use 
the term "gravel," being the passage of one or the other of 
those three bodies in the form of a gritty powder, or sand-like 
bodies, or small calculi, occasioning pain, irritation of kidneys, 
ureters, bladder, and urethra. 

Of those three principal forms, the uric acid is present in 
about eighty per cent of all cases, and gives rise to more irrita- 
tion than either of the other two forms. All ages and both 
sexes are liable to be affected. They often give rise to neph- 
ralgia or neuralgia of the kidneys. 

In order to relieve this condition promptly, hot baths, hip- 
baths, hot fomentations to loins ; open bowels with salines, and 
enemata. 



660 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

OXYGEN COMR— Dose: Internally. One teaspoonful, 
three or four times daily, in a glass of cold water, is sufficient 
to supply the blood with oxygen, — at least with all that it will 
imbibe, or in any form of blood disease, as chlorosis, anemia, 
etc. 

As a gargle, in scarlet fever, syphilitic, tubercular, malignant 
sore throat, one teaspoonful in half a tumbler of tepid water, 
every three hours. 

For inhalation, use in full strength in a hot or steam 
atomizer. 

Compound oxygen, or oxygenized water, is a germicide, of 
immense power, destructive to all micro-organisms, completely 
annihilating the bacilli of tubercle, syphilis, cancer, fungus of 
diabetes, germs of scarlatina, etc. Vitalizes the blood, pro- 
motes the activity of the pink marrow and entire lymphatic 
system. Very efficacious in general nervous debility, nerve 
tire, and in debility of the respiratory organs, as in asthma, 
bronchitis, consumption, pneumonia, whooping-cough. An 
invaluable remedy for impure, impoverished, germ-laden blood, 
or where the blood is literally swarming with myriads of disease 
germs from overcrowding, sewer gas; in embolism, bacteria- 
laden blood from imperfect action of the heart, lungs, liver, 
spleen, or skin. 

OZENA. — A degeneration of the pituitary membrane, 
which gives rise to a disagreeable odor resembling crushed bed- 
bugs ; rather different in odor, intensely offensive and pungent 
when due to either ulceration in chronic nasal catarrh or mer- 
cury, or syphilis. Best treatment, nourishing food, change of 
scene, saxifraga and tonics. Locally, douche of boroglycerid, 
resorcin, inhalation of ozone et chlorine, iodol snuff. 

OZONE THE GREAT SCAVENGER OF NATURE.— 
Ozone, allotropic oxygen, has a peculiar penetrating odor, and 
is the most powerful energetic oxidizing agent known; indif- 
ferent in its affinities, converting all into the highest forms of 
oxidation; most destructive to all forms of microscopic life. 

Ozone is produced artificially in the same manner as in 
nature, by electric discharges in the atmosphere. It is more 
abundant on sea billows, on the cliffs of mountains, cloud 
masses, higher and more rarefied strata. Through the agency 
of rain, and particularly snow, as well as by the descent of con- 
densed moisture, it is conveyed to the lower regions of the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 66i 

atmosphere. It is then rapidly decomposed by coming in con- 
tact with oxidizable substances of either vegetable or animal 
origin, on which it can exert its effects. Such bodies as car- 
bonic oxide gas, sulphureted and phosphoreted hydrogen are 
at once attacked, deprived of their gaseous forms and trans- 
formed into other combinations which are then transferred to 
the earth. Air loaded with putrid or miasmatic exhalations 
is therefore immediately purified by contact with ozonized air, 
and again a development of such exhalations cannot well take 
place in the presence of ozone. 

The action of ozone on such impure air is extremely pow- 
erful. According to Schoenbein, an atmosphere containing 
only 1-3,240,000 of ozone is capable of destroying all noxious 
matter contained in an equal volume of miasmatic air. 

Ozonized remedies possess the property of imparting or giv- 
ing off ozone when taken into the body ; of destroying all dis- 
ease germs in the various tissues. Its penetrating power is im- 
mense, annihilating disease germs, the factor of morbid action, 
cleansing and revitalizing all vital organs. The inhibition or 
taking of ozonized remedies, which have an affinity for the 
blood and other tissues, gives a higher degree of life, and if 
there is a partial death restores the lost vitality. It has a special 
affinity to the dark, germ-laden blood, and restores its natural 
condition by its germicide property. 

All diseases are more easily cured ; affections deemed incur- 
able are now brought into a healthy state. The effect of all 
those remedies is to promote the formation of arterial blood 
throughout the entire body and to maintain it at a high grade 
of purity. 

Now that it is universally admitted that in all lower states of 
vitality or conditions of partial death the embryonic living 
matter of the patient's own body is degraded, altered or 
changed under the adverse condition into other living matter, 
a disease germ which is capable, in or out of the body, if the 
surroundings are favorable, of independent existence and pro- 
digious powers of multiplication or growth — besides it is well 
known that disease germs floating in the air, water, in our food, 
find an abiding place in our bodies and become the factors of 
special microbic disease. This only happens when vital force 
is depressd, or if vital force be normal such germs are expelled. 

The elucidation of the germ theory of disease has completely 
revolutionized the treatment of all diseases. The most enthusi- 
astic bacteriologists are well aware that one germicide will not 



662 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

wipe out all disease germs, for example the glycerite of ozone, 
guaiacol, pine preparations are most inimical to the bacillus 
of tuberculosis. Remedies when properly administered and 
persevered with will destroy every spore and germ in the body, 
diffuse and penetrate to the most minute gland. 

The remarkable ozoniferous properties of the succus of the 
Phytolacca berries in annihilating the parasite of cancer and the 
pathogenic microbe of rheumatism is too well known to our 
readers to be recapitulated. 

The great prevalence of the bacillus of syphilis throughout 
our country enables those with enfeebled vital force to quaff 
poison at every breath, is thoroughly wiped out by the adminis- 
tration of the chloride of gold and saxifraga. The bacillus of 
typhoid, the outcome of nervous debility, so thoroughly diffused 
by our system of sewerage as to penetrate all our creeks and 
rivers, can be easily annihilated by nearly any germicide. 

Concentrated Ozone. — As a therapeutic agent is a pain- 
relieving agent of unequaled value in conditions in which its 
application is indicated and possible, because of its constant 
effectiveness, rapidity of action, its power of penetration to 
deep-seated parts, its perfect innocuousness, its freedom from 
deleterious results. 

In rheumatism its action is so profound in connection with 
glycerid of wintergreen that it possesses positive curative 
power in annihilating the bacillus, and it is a powerful con- 
tributing agent to the prolonging of life. Many, very many 
cases of pleuropneumonia could not be cured without it, and 
the patient maintained in comfort during the attack. It must 
ever be regarded as an excellent drug to relieve pain and aid a 
cure. It stimulates tissue repair in a most remarkable manner, 
as is demonstrated by its action in angina pectoris, upon sprains 
and intractable neuralgia. It is capable of antidoting septic 
inflammation of serous membranes, as is seen in pleurisy and 
peritonitis. It gives us the power of economizing nervous 
energy by relieving pain, thereby enabling us to refrain from 
sedatives and cardiac stimulants; it is a remedy which saves, 
stores the reserve vital forces and tides the patient over a crisis 
by which he would otherwise be overwhelmed. 

In some affections its effects are marvelous. Concentrated 
ozone, three ounces ; oil of horse-peppermint, one ounce. Mix, 
applied over an hepatized lung, a most dangerous condition in 
pneumonia; it most effectually disseminates the clot; gives 
the patient breathing capacity. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 66 



o 



As an aid to the induction of painless parturition, it seems 
to possess a transcendental action upon the sentient nerves of 
the uterus, and with the aid of the obstetric cones, gives pain- 
less parturition. 

In its application to induce painless parturition, first smear 
the abdomen and loins with warm, sweet olive oil, then smear 
on the concentrated ozone. One good application is usually 
sufficient ; still, if not perfectly complete, it can be reapplied. 

The cones must always be used in conjunction with the 
ozone. 

Ozonized Distillation of the Pine. — From the earliest 
dawn of creative existence the ozonized aroma of the pine tree 
has been utilized as a curative agent in destroying disease 
germs, the factors of tissue metamorphosis and death. Re- 
cently discovered papyrographs show the exhalation from the 
foliage of this ozone-generating tree, and a decoction made 
from selected leaves, young shoots and needles, were used by 
the Egyptians during the captivity of the Hebrews, and also 
that it was a standard remedy among other ancient nations. 

Lately eminent chemists have untiringly devoted themselves 
to a thorough elucidation of the best methods of obtaining, 
isolating and holding in suspension the germicidal or ozonized 
principle in the form of an oil, balsam, extract, and a pure 
distillation by the action of ozone gas, from the young and 
tender shoots or needles of the ozoniferous tree. 

From the most careful investigation and rigid chemical 
analysis, it has been ascertained that the pine trees of Maine 
and North Carolina, in this country, and the Braemer pine in 
Scotland, yield or generate the largest amount of ozone. 

The ozonized distillation of the pine needles is decidedly 
the only one suitable for internal administration ; it is an elegant 
preparation, a product of the first rank in chemistry, prepared 
with the greatest care, so that the ozoniferous principle be 
specially preserved. It is a pleasant, palatable, easy form of 
administering nature's ozone. When it once reaches the 
stomach, it speedily enters the blood, is carried to the blood- 
forming glands, as the spleen, pink marrow, suprarenal cap- 
sules, lymphatic and respiratory mucous membrane; wherever 
it goes it kills the microbes of disease, heals ulcerations and 
erosions, and restores the parts to a healthy condition ; it stimu- 
lates a renewal of life in any organ of the body by its germi- 
cidal properties and keeps the blood free from all germs. This 
remedy is specially indicated as a great prophylactic to the en- 
trance or evolution of disease germs in the body. 



664 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The great prevalence of asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, con- 
sumption and kindred affections in this country, due to a want 
of acclimatization, too much brainwork too rapid atmospheric 
transitions to the vices of inheritance and a gross civilization, 
gives us microbes of rare gravity. Such affections demand a 
ponderous ozone microbe destroyer, such as we here find. Be- 
sides its germicide action, it is a nutritive tonic of the highest 
order, promotes an appetite, increases assimilation, brings 
strength and flesh. Its effect on the lungs, on the mucous 
membrane of the bronchi, air vesicles, -nose and throat are 
simply marvelous; it strengthens and heals; changes the area 
of germ destruction to health. When administered it rapidly 
diffuses itself into every air vesicle. 

Ozone et Chlorine. — Chlorozone, a union of the two most 
powerful microbicides held in solution by permanganate of 
potassa, readily yields its ozone, chlorine and oxygen to all 
disease germs, and effectually destroys them. 

It has been found of great efficacy in chronic nasal catarrh, 
for the complete annihilation of the ameba which is patho- 
genic of that malady. Usually used by or in the form of a 
douche, minimum dose being from 30 drops to a maximum 
dose of 2 to 3 drams to a pint of tepid water ; use by each nostril 
alternately. 

One application, if well performed, eradicates the entire 
brood of amebas present, followed by some mild antiseptic, a 
cure follows. 

Ozone Water. — The great scavenger of diseased blood. 
Dose: From a half to one teaspoonful in half a tumbler of 
water, every three or four hours. It is invaluable in destroy- 
ing all micro-organisms or disease-producing germs in the 
human blood, annihilates the germs of typhoid fever, of ery- 
sipelas, of diphtheria, scarlet fever, smallpox, and other con- 
tagium virum. It is of great value in all nervous diseases, 
cleansing, purifying, vivifying, vitalizing, and increasing re- 
newed molecular growth of the entire nervous system. It is 
true brain or nerve food, vitalizing and feeding, by promoting 
good blood for healthy brain. It is of great utility in all 
derangements of the stomach; it annihilates the sarcinse of 
gastric catarrh, corrects faulty nutrition, the outcome of indi- 
gestion and malassimilation of food, promotes gestation and 
lactation, and is a true physical restorer in all cases of sexual 
debility. It is a remedy of rare value in mental depression or 
despondency. 

When uric acid is present in excess, depression of mind and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 665 

irritability of temper are marked, but give place to a feeling of 
mental buoyancy when the excess is. got rid of. Many suffer 
from mental lassitude, and from depression in the morning 
between breakfast and lunch. It is at this time that the acidity 
of the urine is the least, and that the excretion of uric acid is 
normally at its greatest. Alkalies will produce artificially this 
condition of things by washing an excess of uric acid into the 
blood. By administering ozone water in sufficient quantity to 
neutralize the excessive alkalinity of the blood, the mind clears, 
and a feeling of well-being replaces despondency and heaviness. 
A strongly alkaline state of blood permits solution of uric acid. 
in excess, which, in its turn, brings about mental depression. 
Coincident with increased alkalinity of the blood, excretion 
of uric acid by the kidneys is proportionately in excess of the 
average. A dose of ozone water will drive the uric acid out of 
the blood and diminish its excretion in the urine. Shooting 
pains in the joints very commonly accompany the disappearance 
of the uric acid from the blood. The. occasional administra- 
tion of ozone water will not always cure headache produced by 
excess of uric acid. It is important that flesh food be eaten 
sparingly. Stimulants must be avoided. In severe cases the 
diet must be restricted, and occasional doses of the ozonized 
uric acid solvent given. 

Ozone et Formalin. — A union of two powerful microbi- 
cides is invaluable as a caustic for cancerous growths; as a 
powerful disinfectant; air sterilizer — the usual quantity used 
being a tablespoonful to one quart of water placed around a 
room in flat saucers. The evaporation of it in this form and 
quantity, gasified in a room of ordinary capacity, is harmless 
to the respiratory organs, but very vitalizing to the higher 
principles of animal and cerebral life. 

In a powdered form, formalin-gelatin, it is the ideal anti- 
septic of the age; dusted on fresh or infected wounds, it forms 
a firm scab in a short space of time, and requires no other anti- 
septic treatment nor any other dressing. 

Ozone et formalin as a wash or lotion is thus prepared : Take 
two-thirds of a quart of water, one-third peroxide of hydrogen, 
two drams each of thymol, formalin, and menthol; mix, 
Strongest antibacterial lotion known — when applied it kills 
all germs — saturates the tissues — prevents their decay. Its 
success has been phenomenal ; it is practically without a rival. 

Try it, in lupus; simply saturate compresses and apply; its 
phagedenic ravages cease. 



666 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Try it, in eczema, a cutaneous affection, that often taxes the 
skill of the practitioner, as he often finds that all the various 
remedies proposed are powerless, until this one is reached. 

Try it, in cases of bleeding cancer, with offensive discharge ; 
it is the most effectual lotion to remove the fetor, and checks 
the hemorrhage, after all the other means fail. 

Try it, in all parasitical skin affections, which are contagious 
for adults as well as children, and all those affected with this 
should be segregated ; they are spread by infection in shaving, 
hair-cutting, sleeping on railway cushions, towels, drinking- 
vessels — no matter how or when it comes, apply ozone et 
formalin; its use is consonant with clinical facts. 

Ozonized Syrup of Tar. — Dose : From a half to one tea- 
spoonful, every three hours, or more frequently, so as to relieve 
-cough. Indicated wherever there are bacilli, or microbes, or 
micrococci irritating the periphery of nerves imbedded in the 
"highly sensitive and exquisitely organized mucous membrane of 
the larynx; thus it promptly relieves the cough of phthisis, by 
<either sterilizing or destroying the bacilli of tubercle. 

Ozone Paste. — Dose : For external use only. Map out the 
cancer. Cover sound parts with several layers of adhesive 
plaster, cut a piece of table oilcloth somewhat larger than the 
size of the cancer, spread it over with ozone paste one-fourth 
inch thick, then apply. It may remain twenty-four, forty- 
eight, or even seventy-two hours, but best to renew every morn- 
ing till it is completely killed, or drops out, then poultice and 
dress as an ordinary ulcer. 

Paste can be charged with ozone to any degree of strength, 
prepared to suit all and any special case. 

This paste is the most powerful germicide ever prepared, 
being simply ozone gas condensed by immense pressure into an 
inert powder, forming a paste of marvelous oxidizing power, 
which has a special and peculiar affinity to unite with and chem- 
ically annihilate all disease germs, or microbes, or micro-or- 
ganisms without pain or loss of blood. 

Although it has a special affinity for the cancer germ, and 
will effectually destroy it by a process of oxidation, and convert 
the germ or tumor into an ozonoid or an inert body, neverthe- 
less it is destructive to healthy tissue. What is claimed for 
this paste is, that it is the most powerful and least painful of all 
remedies ever discovered for the cure of cancer. 

Ozone Tablet. — Triturate, added to a little water. After 
meals. Indicated in all diseases of the skin, and as a beautifier 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 667 

of the complexion, an aid to nutrition, a tonic to the whole in- 
testinal tract. 

Ozone Water. — Dose : From a half to one teaspoonful in 
half a tumbler of water, every three or four hours. It is in- 
valuable in destroying all micro-organisms or disease-produc- 
ing germs in the human blood, annihilates the germs of typhoid 
fever, of erysipelas, of diphtheria, scarlet fever, smallpox, and 
other contagium virum. It is of great value in all nervous dis- 
eases, cleansing, purifying, vivifying, vitalizing, and increas- 
ing renewed molecular growth of the entire nervous system. 
It is true brain or nerve food, vitalizing and feeding, by pro- 
moting good blood for healthy brain. It is of great utility in 
all derangements of the stomach; it annihilates the sarcinse of 
gastric catarrh, corrects faulty nutrition, the outcome of indi- 
gestion and malassimilation of food, promotes gestation and 
lactation, and is a true physical restorer in all cases of sexual 
debility. See Peroxide of Hydrogen, with which it is identical 
in chemical composition. 

Ozonized Clay. — Dose: Take sufficient quantity of the 
clay, add to it cold water, and while pouring on the water keep 
constantly stirring until a paste suitable for a poultice is formed ; 
then spread on fine muslin the size of the tumor or growth. 
Apply for a few hours, every day, not long enough to cause 
erythema of the cutaneous surface. It should be bandaged or 
strapped over the part. The only remedy so far discovered 
that will absorb internal fibroid tumors in either chest or abdo- 
men, or external infiltration; it causes absorption of effused 
lymph in true and false ankylosis; it has most marvelous 
power of absorption, it penetrates to internal parts by endos- 
mosis, and softens and disintegrates. It is efficacious in all 
simple or malignant growths, tumors or swellings, of great 
utility in infiltrated breasts, goitre, consolidation of lungs, 
thickening of the walls of the stomach, ovarian and uterine 
tumors, enlarged liver ; very large tumors disappear under its 
influence with remarkable celerity, no matter where located. 

Ozone Ointment. — The most efficacious ointment ever in- 
troduced. To be spread on linen and applied two or three times 
daily. Indicated in all breaches of continuity as a dressing to 
protect, heal, and kill all disease germs. The best application 
for wounds, cuts, bruises, burns, piles, ulcers, and cutaneous 
eruptions. Its action is unexcelled in the bites of insects, ivy 
and sumach poisoning, boils, and erysipelas. It annihilates the 
germs of variola on the face, nose, mouth, and throat ; sterilizes 
diphtheric and aphthous patches in the mouth or on the nipple. 



668 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

When the tubercular bacilli have invaded lung structure, it 
can be spread on chamois or linen, and applied over the germ 
colony, aiding the internal remedies in promoting the dissolu- 
tion of the germs. The range of action of this ointment is im- 
mense, from the most malignant cancerous or phagedenic or 
syphilitic ulcer to the most simple form of abrasion. 

Ozonized Wines. — Ozonized coca wine, an excellent germ- 
icide and powerful nerve stimulant, prepared from the finest se- 
lected coca leaves Florida orange wine (purely an American 
product), and negative ozone. Restores the functions of the 
digestive organs ; strengthens the mental and physical powers ; 
appeases the appetite for stimulants, assuages the thirst of dia- 
betes and relieves nervous debility. 

Eminent bacteriologists assert that while using this wine the 
human body is insusceptible to the entrance of microbes. 

Kola-nut wine ozonized is composed of freshly pulverized 
kola nuts, best port wine and negative ozone, which, after thor- 
ough maceration and percolation, yields on chemical analysis 
cocain cinchonin, and caffein. It is, when prescribed, a great 
mental and physical invigorator, a permanent stimulant, im- 
parts elasticity to the whole body, with remarkable powers of 
endurance. It is best administered thus: Simple elixir red, 
four ounces; kola-nut wine ozonized, one ounce. Mix. A 
tablespoonful before meals. 

In the quotidian form of malaria it may be administered in 
its pure state, or combined with concentrated tincture of kur- 
chicin, thus completely superseding sulphate quinine by its 
greater germicidal action on the germ. 

The wine of aletris farinosa ozonized, composed of the finest 
sherry wine, in which the glucosides of aletris, viburnum, hel- 
onias, senecio are incorporated, together with negative ozone, 
forming one of the most remarkable tonics for the reproductive 
organs of both sexes. ' 

For men with weak kidneys, irritable bladder, weeping pros- 
tate, varicocele, cold, flabby condition, its action is unexcelled 
in imparting tone and vigor. 

For women with ovarian and uterine tenderness, prolapsus, 
leukorrhea, a feeling of goneness, this wine is most efficacious ; 
it, is essentially a uterine restorative, and in high repute in 
every debilitated condition incidental to her sex. 

PALPITATION. — Pulsations increased in force and fre- 
quency, but irregular, intermittent; flickering; with great dif- 
ficulty of breatlrng ; purring tremor in jugular vein. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 669 

Prone to arise, directly from weak heart, or one affected by- 
chronic disease; reflexly from dyspepsia, liver disease, hys- 
teria, anemia ; loss of blood ; venereal excesses, intestinal irrita- 
tion, fright, masturbation. 

If possible remove the cause. Regulate heart's action with 
either digitalis or strophanthus, or spartein, or lily of the val- 
ley, or adonin, or creatin, or passiflora, or cactus graniflorus. 

PANCREAS. — The sweetbread, a gland deeply seated in 
the abdomen, lying transversely on the vertebral column ; be- 
tween the three curvatures of the duodenum, behind the stom- 
ach and to the right of the spleen. In structure it resembles 
a salivary gland, composed of lobes and granulated lobules, dis- 
tinct but united by areolar tissue. From the granulations of 
these lobes arise the radicles of the excretory duct. 

The pancreatic duct proceeds in a serpentine course through 
the substance of the organ, and opens into the duodenum. In- 
numerable arteries, veins, nerves, ramify in all directions. The 
nerves emanate chiefly from the solar plexus. 

The function of this gland is to secrete the pancreatic juice, 
which converts amylaceous food into dextrin and glucose ; but 
its great and principal use is to emulsify fatty matter by a 
peculiar albuminous principle — pancreatin. 

The pancreas, a racemose gland, with its various channels 
opening into a duct, which opens with the common bile-duct 
into the second part of the duodenum, a channel loaded with 
septic organisms, and liable to acute, subacute and chronic in- 
flammation. 

The essential and immediate cause of pancreatitis of these 
various forms due to biliary infection, partial death of the 
liver and spleen, gall-duct, biliary and pancreatic lithiasis ; ulcer 
and cancer of the stomach; calcareous degeneration of the 
gland. The peculiar vital depression, indispensable to produce 
any of the three grades of inflammation, may originate either 
directly in the blood or be due to a metasasis from the liver, 
stomach or spleen — the gall-duct loaded with gall-stones and 
gastroduodenal catarrh. 

When there is obstruction of the common gall-duct by cal- 
culi, the pancreatic duct may be subject to backward pressure, 
which often lasts for months and years. All morbid conditions 
of the pancreas have few pathogenic signs, and a correct di- 
agnosis is difficult, even after a careful study of the history, 
mode of onset, brown-coated tongue, offensive breath, con- 



670 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

stipation, fat in the stools, delirium, collapse; for the 
pancreas sympathizes and participates in all disorders 
of the stomach, liver, spleen. Rectal treatment has met 
with most success ; enemata of olive oil and turpentine ; of in- 
fusion of linseed and resorcin, peroxide of hydrogen. The only 
internal remedies reliable are periodate aurum, thrice daily, 
with the ethereal extract. 

PAPILLOMATA OF THE URETHRA.— Tumors of the 
urethra are of infrequent occurrence — papilloma, polypus, car- 
cinoma occasionally occur. Papilloma is the most common in 
all parts of the canal near the meatus, as well as pretty well 
down, and by the careless physician are often mistaken for 
stricture, as there is an obstruction of the flow of urine, causing 
the stream to be either forked or twisted, or scattered. 

At the initial stage there is apparently in its causation all the 
symptoms of a gonorrhea — pain, heat, profuse mucopurulent 
discharge, which subsides, leaving the urethral mucous mem- 
brane studded over with papillary growths, variable in size, 
from a pin's head to a cherry stone. 

Extraordinary success attends the cure of these cases with 
the oil of thuja — prescribing it both internally and applying it 
locally ; ten to twenty drops added to water thrice daily ; filling a 
catheter charged with the oil and inserting it, then gently with- 
drawing it, depositing it in the urethra, completely successful. 

PAPOID. — This drug has now been before the medical pro- 
fession for a good many years, but owing to its high price it 
has made little headway. It is prepared in a powdered form 
from the juice of the Carica papaya, or melon tree, and its 
manufacturers claim it will supersede pepsin and pancreatin, 
because it digests equally well in acid, alkaline or neutral fluids, 
and will dissolve 1,000 times its own weight of fresh blood- 
fibrin. Its action is not retarded but rather increased with an 
antiseptic. 

It is of great efficacy in the gastric catarrh of children, with 
an immense growth of the sarcinse ventriculi — in cases in which 
there is a loss of appetite, languor, pasty complexion, loss of 
sleep at night and irritability during the day, where there are 
frontal headaches, absorption of toxins and the urine is loaded 
with lithates. If this condition is permitted to exist, emacia- 
tion takes place, there being neither digestion nor assimilation. 
One grain of papoid with five grains of soda bicarbonate after 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 671 

every meal, with four-drop doses of matricaria before meals. 
In this way the sarcitis are wiped out, perfect digestion com- 
menced, and absorption of the nutritive elements promoted. 

Apart from the use of papoid in all forms of dyspepsia, it is 
an exceedingly valuable agent in cancer of the stomach, as it 
rapidly digests all adventitious structures administered in the 
form of a tabloid, "Papoid et cocain," in alternation with the 
conium pill. Numerous cases of cancer of the stomach have 
been cured by those remedies. 

It is in cancer of the rectum that we obtain the most brilliant 
results. One dram of papoid in rectal suppository of con- 
siderable size introduced, after the bowel has been thoroughly 
emptied and cleansed, will digest any variety of malignant 
growth with an alacrity equal to its hardness. 

From these and other facts it would appear that the germi- 
cide properties of papoid are immense. 

If all dyspeptics would, the moment they experience pain, 
acid eructations, bloating, put themselves under the use of the 
papoid et cocain tablets, cancer of the stomach would be a very 
rare malady. 

PARALYSIS. — Palsy, loss of motion and sensation, one or 
other, or both ; general or local. 

The causes are numerous, but the origin of every case 
is either congestion or anemia. 

Complete paralysis of sensation and motion of the entire 
body constitutes death. 

Hemiplegia, paralysis of one-half of the body longitudinally, 
is either due to effusion on the base of the brain or to a patch 
of white softening ; paraplegia, paralysis of one-half the body, 
transversely, below some point in the dorsal or lumbar portion 
of the spinal cord, due either to congestion or anemia. Besides 
these there are various forms of local paralysis, induced by 
overwork; poisons like lead, mercury, tin, copper; to the tox- 
ins of disease germs. 

There are general principles which should be ob- 
served in the treatment of all cases ; if due to congestion, dry 
cupping, active secretions, iodide of potassium, alteratives, like 
saxifraga, periodate aurum; if due to anemia, treat with cin- 
chona, coca et celerina, avena, kephalin, electricity, massage. 

Local paralysis due to the absorption of lead, mercury, cop- 
per, iodide potassium internally in the comp. saxifraga unites 
with the metallic agent and with the aid of the sulphuret of po- 



672 The Germicide 20th Century Practice. 

tassium baths eliminates it from the body. Paralysis due 
to the toxins of the pathogenic microbes, syphilis, typhoid 
fever, rheumatism, diphtheria, require special remedies, as well 
as states due to auto-intoxication from the cadaveric alkaloids 
due to the decomposition of organic substances within the 
body. 

The profession at large imagines that the ordinary indirect 
cause of this disease in advanced life is the habit of drinking 
too much stimulant in early life and middle age, and thereby 
causing degeneration of the arteries, so that when in old age 
they should be elastic, as they usually are in those who have 
always been temperate, they get fatty and weak, and give way 
before the increasing irregularity and tension of the circulatory 
system. Paralysis may be occasioned by pressure of some 
tumor on particular parts of the brain, the spinal marrow, or 
the nerves ; by poisons, the long-continued use of sedatives, 
local injuries, the sudden suppression of profuse and habitual 
evacuations, and whatever tends greatly to relax or enervate 
the system. It is caused by apoplexy, disease of the brain, such 
as abscess, softening, or inflammation and cancer of the brain. 
It may also be caused by a clot of blood in the arteries of the 
brain. The symptoms, if due to rupture of a blood-vessel on 
the brain, come on suddenly. The patient may go to bed ap- 
parently quite well, and in the morning it will be noticed that 
his speech .is inarticulate, his face drawn to one side, and that 
he cannot move one leg or arm of the affected side — generally 
the left. After a time the eye remains open, food accumulates 
in the cheek, the tongue is pushed out to the paralyzed side, 
and very often taste is lost in the front two-thirds of that or- 
gan. When the disease comes on slowly, with numbness and 
tingling in the feet and legs, there is more hope, if not of re- 
covery, at least of prolongation of life. When any vital part, 
such as the brain, heart or lungs, is attacked, it soon terminates 
in death. The symptoms which precede an attack are very 
similar to those which precede an attack of apoplexy, the most 
frequent complaint being that of numbness and a pricking sen- 
sation throughout a whole limb or affecting only a part of it, 
such as a finger. Such symptoms, where there is a predisposi- 
tion, or if the person is of advanced age, ought never to be 
neglected. 

Another portion of the profession says that if there were 
no syphilis there would be very little paralysis ; this is an estab- 
lished fact — no syphilis, no paralysis. Legislative measures 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 673 

are imperatively demanded to check the spread of a potent 
poison to the nervous system. 

An inheritance of syphilis gives us infantile paralysis, a most 
common malady, in both an acute and chronic form. The 
judicious administration of periodate aurum, which annihilates 
the microbe subsequently results in apparent recovery, but usu- 
ally a victim of convulsions, retarded dentition, with later on 
impaired mental power of toxic origin. 

Later in life aphonia; this frog-in-the-throat, termed by 
some paralysis of the larynx, which implies paresis of one or 
more muscles, a toxin acting on the central origin of the 
laryngeal nerves, effecting a biochemical change on the lower 
neurons and the muscles they subserve — it may be due to auto- 
intoxication or toxins of disease germs. 

A state, pathological, in which periodate aurum effects de- 
cided results, and should in all cases be alternated with saxi- 
fraga and kephalin granules. Paralysis of the uvula, and other 
muscles concerned in deglutition, by the toxin of the strepto- 
coccus of diphtheria, is best treated by the glycerite of sulphur 
alternated with matricaria. 

Paralysis Agitans. — Shaking palsy, as it is commonly 
called, or more properly paralysis agitans, is exclusively a dis- 
ease of old age, and rarely in any way shortens life. The first 
indication of trouble of any kind is a tremulousness of the 
hands, which becomes generally increased after a greater or 
less time, so that even the head bobs and shakes, and the whole 
body is agitated. When the patient is seated his body is bent 
over, his chin touches the chest, and his face wearing an in- 
tensely dejected expression. When he attempts to walk his 
body pitches forward, so that he is obliged to run to keep his 
balance. In one form of the trouble (that due to hardening or 
sclerosis of the spinal cord and brain) the movements are in- 
creased with voluntary efforts, so that the more the will is 
exercised to control them the more disorderly will be the 
movement. If he carries a glass of water to his mouth, it is 
apt to be shaken so violently that the contents will be spilt. As 
a rule, the tremor ceases at night. Usually in seven years from 
its incipiency it terminates in paralysis and imbecility. 

Passiflora and c. p. solution of spermin are the only remedies 
to ameliorate. 

PARAPHIMOSIS.— Constriction of the foreskin behind 
glans penis, great swelling, danger of gangrene. Try the same 



674 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

measure as laid down for phimosis; those failing, try com- 
pression of glans penis with ribbon and pull the foreskin over. 
All failing, constriction to be released with four or five inci- 
sions on superior aspect. 

PARASITES (Worms). — Many diseases are communi- 
cated from animals to man and vice versa. Recent researches 
have tended to elucidate and confirm this idea. The unity of 
human and animal tubercle bacillus has met with universal 
credence ; so with the streptococcus of diphtheria, which can be 
communicated by animals to the human race ; so with parasites, 
which are often transmitted. 

Tape-worm, or tenia, is a term employed to designate any 
worm of the group known as cestoid worms, of which there are 
250 distinct forms. Of that number some eight or nine are 
found in the human body, which are termed true tape-worm, 
from the fact that they possess a distinct head, furnished with 
four discs (suckers), and also with a proboscis placed on the 
centre ridge of the median line. 

The common tape-worm, Taenia solium, derives its name 
from the idea that it is always a solitary worm ;but this is not in- 
variably the case, as there are often several — an old one and 
one or more young ones starting into active existence. 

The ordinary length of a tape-worm is from ten to thirty- 
five feet; its breadth at the widest part one-third of an inch, 
and its segments or joints from half to three-quarters of an 
inch, which constitute an ovarium containing from 500 to 800 
or more eggs, the one-six-hundredth part of an inch in di- 
ameter. 

The head is very small and globular, about the size of the 
head of a pin, with black pigment matter ingrained in it. It 
has four circular sucking discs, in front of which is a conical 
proboscis, armed with a double crown of hooks, from twenty- 
two to twenty-eight, in each circular row. The head is suc- 
ceeded by a very narrow neck, nearly an inch in length, which 
is continued into the anterior or sexually immature part of the 
body, in which traces of segmentation first appear in the form 
of fine, transverse lines, which are gradually replaced by visible 
joints. The joints or segments represent the body, and each 
mature segment contains both male and female organs of gen- 
eration. It is only in the alimentary canal of man and some 
other animals that a tape-worm can attain to sexual maturity, 
and in all cases the eggs are fecundated before being dis- 
charged. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 675 

The expulsion of the eggs takes place by the mature seg- 
ments separating from each other and passing out of the body 
with the evacuations, and then undergoing decomposition, and 
thus setting the eggs free; or the mature joints may undergo 
disintegration within the intestinal canal, and thus liberate 
the eggs, and permit of a new worm being hatched out along- 
side of the old one. As a rule the mature segments are usually 
expelled from the human bowel at the rate of six or eight per 
day, and the liberated eggs, if heat and moisture be present, 
maintain their vitality for years. 

Those eggs, in a cesspool, or as a manurial product, may be 
spread on grass or early vegetables, or they may enter our 
drinking-water in the form of sewage, and are thus likely to 
find their way into the human stomach again, when fertilization 
will take place ; or a pig roaming around may come in contact 
with these eggs in or on food or water. The eggs or embryos, 
on being transferred to the stomach of the pig, escape from the 
shell and bore their way into the living tissue of the animal, 
where they rest to await any further transformation. An ani- 
mal thus infected becomes measly, its flesh constituting 
measly pork. Pigs, of all animals, are most afflicted with mea- 
sles from a thousand other sources, and it is supposed 90 per 
cent of all those animals are infected ; and there is no doubt 
that the adult form of the worm enters the human body most 
frequently in the cysticercus of measly pork; less, much less, 
infrequently does the larval worm find its way into the body by 
swallowing the eggs on green vegetables, choice salads, water 
filled with sewage from ponds, canals, rivers into which the 
debris from human habitations is thrown. 

One individual suffering from tape-worm may infect a whole 
neighborhood, and one slaughtered measly hog may spread the 
disease far and wide, not only to those who eat its flesh, but to 
those who handle it in any form. It is true boiling water de- 
stroys its vitality, but edibles are not always subjected to such 
a heat, and all human beings whose vital forces are depressed 
are very liable to have the eggs of this parasite hatched in their 
intestines. 

With regard to symptoms there may be none ; usually a ma- 
ture tape-worm in the intestines may give rise to vertigo, ring- 
ing in the ears, headache, chorea, epilepsy, indigestion, emacia- 
tion, prostration, salivation, itching nose and anus, capricious 
appetite, variable forms of colic, palpitation, and, if in the brain, 
death. The appearance of part of the worm in the stools is 
characteristic. 



6y6 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

There are a few remedies for tape-worm that are reliable. 

Kousso, the dried flowers and immature fruit of the Brayera 
anthelmintic, an Abyssinian tree. The dose is half to one 
ounce of the powder in half a pint of water. The larger dose 
is to be preferred. 

Before giving this or any other remedy for tape-worm, the 
patient should eat nothing from noon of one day until next 
morning, when the half pint of water with the kousso should 
be taken. If at the end of six hours no movement of the 
bowels has taken place, an active aperient should be given; 
generally kousso requires no purpative. 

Another good remedy, quite efficient, is the ethereal extract, 
an oleoresin of the male fern, administered in gelatin capsules. 

A still more excellent remedy is the bark of the root of the 
pomegranate; best given in decoction, two ounces to the pint, 
and that usually makes a dose. The alkaloid pelletierin is not 
thought so certain as the infusion. 

Kamala, in doses from one to two drams suspended in syrup, 
Is given; often acts drastically, and may cause nausea and 
vomiting. 

Another good remedy is the pumpkin seed, two ounces of 
the seed freshly crushed in a mortar, with water, to form an 
emulsion, taken at a dose. 

The oil of turpentine is often of utility, but apt to produce 
unpleasant symptoms. 

Valdivine, a glucoside extracted from kousso, kamala, male 
fern and pumpkin seed, put up in the form of capsules, has met 
-with success. 

Papoid, in twenty-five grain doses, has succeeded in digest- 
ing the entire worm in the intestines. 

The ascaris lumbricoides, common round worm, seven to 
nine inches in length, infests the small intestines ; oxyuris ver- 
micularis, or thread-worm, inhabits the lower bowel. 

Often a great variety of symptoms attend the presence of 
these parasites, eruptions, irregular appetite, cough, bloating 
of the abdomen, irritation of the orifices of the body, convulsive 
seizures, the presence of the worms in the stools. 

The best remedy for their annihilation is santonin, in the 
form of a lozenge, one to two grains at bedtime, followed next 
morning with an aperient. 

Thread-worms are only successfully treated by means of an 
enemata, solution of boroglycerid with dioxide of hydrogen, 
infusion of golden seal and chloride of sodium. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 677 

PARESIS. — A very common malady among both men and 
women who exhaust their reproductive organs by sexual ex- 
cesses. Its appearance early in life, and its greater frequency 
are worthy of note. Ten years ago it was confined to middle- 
aged persons, chronic in its nature, characterized by volitional 
tremor, but nowadays it is quite common and present in the 
comparatively young. 

After death there is visible on the brain and cord sclerosed 
portions, consisting of a growth of connective tissue which 
destroys the medulla of the nerves. This is somewhat different 
from the effects produced by the toxins of syphilis and diph- 
theria, which attack the nerve cells, nerve fibres in the brain, 
producing chronic progressive degeneration of the motor cells. 

On our streets mark the young man or woman guilty of ex- 
cesses. Their neurasthenia is visible in every movement; loss 
of memory, impaired vision, noises in the ears, vertigo, scan- 
ning speech, with spastic weakness of the legs. Note him or 
her, a candidate for paresis,- the effects of self-abuse. 

This is usually a disease of advanced life, in which there is 
a deposit of calcareous matter on the walls of arteries, making 
them brittle and easily ruptured; in other words, as life pro- 
gresses there is increased assimilation, decreased elimination 
in all cases of paresis or cerebral palsy. 

In any case we shall find that every activity of the body, 
both voluntary and involuntary, has contributed its quota to 
stimulate and irritate the brain for years. The patient has lived 
a sedentary life, he has indulged in large quantities of rich and 
highly seasoned food, artificial excitement, unhealthy emotions, 
worry, meretricious amusements, has occupied his time with 
matters which lack utilitarian purpose or meritorious object; 
in short, has led a life of high pressure or one which is unreal 
and full of fictitious goals. Such lives sap the stamina of the 
brain and destroy the inherent vitality and resistance of the 
brain cells. Alcohol, narcotic drugs, indigestion and constipa- 
tion do what they can to favor chronic congestion of the brain. 

The cerebral blood-vessels yield to abnormal pressure, en- 
large their calibre. The head is hot, feet cold, brain becomes 
chronically congested, the patient usually lives in an atmo- 
sphere of worry, fret, excitement, and in the prime of life suc- 
cumbs. 

There is no remedy that meets the indications so thoroughly 
as passiflora incarnata. All such cases should be promptly 
placed on it, and so held, as it is a prophylactic to such states. 



678 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

This peculiar affection of brain and spinal cord is now, since 
our organic extracts have been very thoroughly tested, amen- 
able to treatment. 

Thyroid extract is indicated in every case. A sufficient quan- 
tity should be administered to stimulate the emunctories of the 
body and keep the pulse at 75 or 80. Its action is soon visible 
in the abolition of tremor and a regaining of strength. 

Ozonized comp. saxifraga in alternation ' with arsenicum, 
aurum to correct the brain defect — the tendency to degenera- 
tion of the motor cells — they act well and promptly. 

As brain reconstructives, rebuilders of lost vital force, no* 
remedies can excel c. p. spermin solution and glycerite of keph- 
alin. 

PARTRIDGE BERRY. — Comp. syrup partridge berry is 
undoubtedly the most important therapeutic agent that has 
ever been presented to the medical profession for the treatment 
of diseases of the female reproductive organs. It possesses 
most extraordinary curative properties in all devitalized states 
of the uterus or its appendages, aids a renewal of life in all its 
weakened parts. It is the great uterine vitalizer and tonic ; pos- 
sesses the peculiar property of evolving nutritive organic ele- 
ments in the complex uterine system, and proves eminently 
beneficial in all cases where the functions of the uterus, or the 
ovaries, are either dormant or deranged. In atrophy its exhi- 
bition stimulates growth; in all catamenial disorders it is the 
great rectifier; in all chaotic states incidental to pregnancy it 
overcomes nausea, sickness, prevents miscarriage, wipes out all 
tendency to convulsions and promotes painless parturition. 
Unquestionably the best remedy we have when puberty is re- 
tarded or sterility is present. 

Indicated in all states of uterine debility or weakness. 

When administered in dysmenorrhea, conjoined with a co- 
cain suppository, instantaneous relief of pain ; in menorrhagia. 
alternated with the crayons of the sulphocarbonate of zinc, a 
prompt arrest of hemorrhage; in every form of displacements, 
used in conjunction with the nymph?e odorata pastils, an excel- 
lent result is obtained; in metritis, endometritis and ovaritis, 
with cocain suppository and boroglycerid pastils, speedy sub- 
sidence of inflammatory action ; in induration, ulceration of the 
cervix, crayons of jequirity, and ozonized pastils; in uremic 
eclampsia and uterine cancer, passiflora incarnata pastils most 
effective ; in leukorrhea. sulphocarbonate zinc pastils. In all 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 679 

cases, to obtain the best results possible, the comp. syrup of par- 
tridge berry ozonized should be alternated with the ozonized 
aletris farinosa. The two best uterine tonics and restoratives 
in the materia medica. 

Dose : From one to two teaspoonfuls three or four times a 
dav. 

PASSIFLORA INCARNATA.— The great sympathetic 
nerve, the supposed abode of the soul, certainly of the emo- 
tions, desires, affections, passions, is in some men merely rudi- 
mentary, stunted in its development. According to its vigor 
and size rests man's moral responsibility; by that he must be 
gauged. 

In either race or sex, or in individuals in whom this soul 
brain is dwarfed, there is less liability to grave and fatal mala- 
dies than in those in whom it is excessively developed. A 
whole-souled man, with a large, great sympathetic develop- 
ment, extensive ramifications of this nerve over the larynx, 
heart, lower lobe of the right lung, is very prone to suffer a 
partial death of those organs from very slight shocks; hence 
acute laryngitis, carditis, pneumonia are common. 

When remedies enter the body they find their way into the 
blood and are distributed to every organ and tissue, and these 
structures have a selective choice, and if the medicament has 
an affinity and is of the proper dose, it will modify, influence 
that organ or tissue for good, for a renewal of life. For ex- 
ample, belladonna soothes the laryngeal nerves and the optic 
plexus; strychnin, the spinal cord; celery, the kidneys; am- 
brosia, the sexual sense in the base of the brain ; oxygen vital- 
izes the respiratory centre ; passiflora incarnata, matricaria and 
protonuclein, the great sympathetic nerve. Hence these three 
remedies are our best weapons with which to combat laryngitis, 
carditis and pneumonia. 

True laryngitis and carditis are not very common, but the 
great prevalence of pneumonia is well recognized. 

Cardiac vigor is of great importance, and there is no drug- 
in the materia so valuable in maintaining that as comp. matri- 
caria, which, when given in full doses, increases and stimu- 
lates the respiratory centre. 

All coal-tar derivatives should be avoided, as they paralyze 
the heart. The mortality from this source has been excessive. 
Whatever remedies are selected by the physician in charge, 
veratrum viride, quinine, let him give passiflora with a liberal 



680 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

hand. It is invaluable, for it gives a decided tonic action to 
the heart, upon the damaged lung and the incidental prostra- 
tion. From one to two, even three, teaspoonfuls can be given 
in pneumonia without any deleterious influence. True it af- 
fords refreshing sleep, easy breathing, a general feeling of 
comfort. 

It causes the cardiac arteries to dilate and admit more blood 
to the substance of the heart ; and the more completely the heart 
fibres are nourished it turns the scales in favor of recovery. 

Passiflora acts well on the organs of digestion and assimila- 
tion, always promoting an excellent appetite. 

Give passiflora a trial all along the line of the great sympa- 
thetic, in chorea and epilepsy, as well as the organs enumer- 
ated. 

Pasiflora is a sedative to the great sympathetic, procures 
sleep in typhoid fever, arrests convulsions in children, in pains 
after parturition. The dose varies with the peculiar idiosyn- 
crasies of individuals and their susceptibilities. Sedate the 
nervous system, sleep is procured ; passiflora is a true cerebro- 
spinal sedative. 



PASTILS (Ozonized). — They are of the greatest efficacy 
in all uterine diseases, and are an invaluable boon to both single 
and married ladies if they are suffering from any disease of the 
womb. They positively cure whites, falling and ulcerations of 
the womb, induration, granular erosions, and catarrh of its 
neck ; all forms of painful menstruation, neuralgia, dragging in 
the back, and every morbid condition incidental to that potent 
organ, the motive power of the universe. They also overcome 
the condition of sterility and impotency, impart great tone, 
strength and vigor to the sexual organs. Dose : Insert one in 
vagina every night. Before so doing cleanse vagina by foun- 
tain syringe charged with tepid water and castile soap. 

They should be inserted when in the recumbent position. 
It should be inserted up the vagina as far as possible with the 
linger and allowed to remain; shortly after its introduction it 
will dissolve and come in contact with the diseased parts. The 
vagina should be washed out the following morning. 

Discontinue the use of the pastils during the menstrual 
period ; when the menses disappear resume their use again, until 
the affection is cured for which they were originally used. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 68 i 

PELLETIERIN.— The alkaloid of pomegranate-root bark, 
is an anthelmintic and promptly kills the tape-worm when ad- 
ministered. It should not be administered to children ; and to 
delicate ladies about half the dose should be given. 

Directions. — The day before taking it patient should go on 
a milk diet, and the evening before a copious injection of hot 
water. 

The next morning the full dose of pelletierin should be given 
in a glass of water sweetened. 

One hour after the pelletierin a purgative must be adminis- 
tered, and if it does not operate in one hour another adminis- 
tered with an injection of warm water with 30 grains of sul- 
phate of soda. 

PEPSIN. — Pepsin is a light brown-yellow powder prepared 
by drying under 100 degrees F. the fresh lining of the stomach 
of pig, sheep or calf. 

Therapeutic Uses and Action. — Pepsin is one of the im- 
portant elements of the gastric juice, reducing the albuminoid 
and protein constituents of the food to a fit state for absorption. 
Besides it is a stimulant to the gastric mucous membrane. Use- 
ful in all cases of atonic dyspepsia, anemia, diarrhea, malnutri- 
tion. 

Scale Pepsin. — A solvent to diphtheritic membrane. 

PERICARDITIS. — Inflammation of the pericardium, due 
to the amylobacta irritating the pericardium. 

Diagnosis rests upon the presence of rheumatism and gout; 
by the sharp catching pain over the heart, friction, sound, syn- 
chronous with heart-beat until effusion takes place, when there 
is an increased area of dullness and sounds of the heart muf- 
fled; generally associated with rheumatism and gout; uneasi- 
ness and pain about the region of the heart, with chills, fever, 
palpitation, irregular pulse, cough, attacks of fainting, edema 
of extremities and puffing of the face. 

Administer same remedies as for rheumatism (which see), 
with large doses of passiflora in stimulants over region of heart 
and Dover's powder should be administered in sufficient doses 
to relieve pain. 

In all forms of heart affections, tobacco, sexual congress and 
stimulants must be avoided ; strict rest of mind and body ; no 
running, jumping or climbing. Place irritating plaster over the 
heart and occasionally concentrated ozone. 



682 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

PERIOSTITIS. — Irritation, inflammation of the covering' 
of bone is easily recognized by the deep-seated, sharp lancinat- 
ing pain ; the pain is most intense over bones with pink marrow, 
as in the fingers, constituting whitlow or felon; over the ends 
of the long bones. 

The microbe present here is analogous to the disease germ of 
pleurisy or peritonitis (which see). 

Unless the microbe is either sterilized or killed it forms nodes 
(nests) on the surface of the bone, or it strips the bones of its 
periosteum and it withers and dies. 

In all cases of periostitis an effort should be made to sterilize 
or kill the germ. Various germicides are effective, such as pad- 
ding the germ-smitten part with either the oil or tincture of 
lobelia or veratrum, or ozonized iodine, peroxide of hydrogen, 
citrine ointment — if a liquid, it should be kept constantly wet. 

PERITONITIS (The Streptococcus).— In all inflamma- 
tions of serous membranes there is a streptococcus evolved of 
the most deadly character, most active and malignant in puer- 
peral peritonitis. True the septic character of the germ is 
modified by various pathological conditions. 

A fractured rib, an intra-abdominal wound, a piece of mesen- 
tery excised, a spot injured, or disease of the serous tissue 
favors the evolution of the germ. 

Narcotism of the higher cerebral areas, with opium or its 
alkaloid, deprives the microbe of its pabulum and renders the 
tissue impregnable to the toxic action of its ptomains, together 
with the local application of ozonized turpentine over the entire 
abdomen ; if not that, then peroxide of hydrogen and glycerin 
most effectually sterilizes the streptococcus. 

The rapid excretion of the most deadly ptomains by the 
germ forbids delay. Human life is too sacred to permit of ex- 
periment with such haphazard drugs as exalgin or antifebrin. 

The injection of the blood of a patient afflicted with perito- 
nitis into any mammalia gives rise to fatal peritonitis. 

Opium, alternated with passiflora incarnata ; locally over the 
abdomen ozonized turpentine. ' 

PERMANGANATE POTASSIUM.— Emmenagogue, kills 
microbe of snake-bites and the fungus of diabetes. The best 
preparation of manganese. Dose: One-half of one grain in 
water. 

The powerful oxidizing properties of permanganate of po- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 683 

tassium have rendered it valuable as an antiseptic and disin- 
fectant, but its properties as an antidote for various poisons are 
not so generally known. It has been prescribed with success 
by physicians in the case of phosphorous poisoning, which it 
transforms into orthophosphoric acid. It has been used for 
oxalic and hydrocyanic acids and their salts as well as for 
strychnin and other vegetable alkaloids. It has been employed 
in the case of poisoning by opium and for serpent bites and 
those of venomous insects, spiders, etc. 

PERTUSSIS, OR WHOOPIXG-COUGH (The Micro- 
coccus). — An affection due to the admission of a micrococcus 
by the respiratory mucous membrane, which enters the blood, 
where it breeds, and when fully formed makes nests in and 
around the cervical portion of the cord and medulla. Once the 
germ has become fully localized, it throws off spores every hour 
or two, incidental to which are immense ptomain excretions, 
which produce an embolic condition of the blood, and often 
clots in heart, lungs, brain. The micrococcus, if let alone, will 
take from eight to twelve weeks to use up all the elements of its 
nutrition which exist in the body and then die. 

Its diagnosis is easy: first indication languor, fretfnlness, 
symptoms of a cold, periodic and spasmodic closure of the 
glottis on a deep inspiration, which, if long-continued, gives 
rise to an impending sense of suffocation, convulsions, attacks 
often terminating in vomiting. 

A microscopical examination of the breath, saliva, expectora- 
tion and secretions of all children suffering from pertussis, ex- 
hibits elliptical cocci, mycelia, micrococci resembling the fig- 
ure 8. 

The microbe bears culture well, and is pathogenic of the 
malady. Cultures injected or fed to animals reproduce the 
original disease in all its virulence. It is a most active ptomain 
eliminator ; to this toxic principle is due all the embolism, com- 
plications and fatality of the disease. 

We hereby give the opinions of eminent members of the pro- 
fession on the subject: 

The mycelia of whooping-cough can be isolated from the 
tonsils (which is an open door for the ingress of all disease 
germs), from the uvula, fauces and larynx, prior to and during, 
an attack ; it rarely enters the blood-plasma twice, for one at- 
tack usually uses up all the material upon which it feeds. 

An attack, in its initial stage, resembles an ordinary catarrh 



684 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

— cough occurring in paroxysms. A deep inspiration is fol- 
lowed by a short, successive, jerky cough, then the character- 
istic crow or whoop. Paroxysms are usually followed by ex- 
pectoration of tenacious mucus loaded with germs, or vomit- 
ing. During paroxysm face is either flushed or dusky, eyes 
suffused, often very red ; veins of neck and face swollen ; with 
an impending sense of suffocation; bleeding from the nose, 
mouth, ears not uncommon. The germ and its toxin in the 
blood give rise to embolism. 

The frequency and intensity of the coughing fits or 
paroxysms are supposed to be due or in proportion to the ac- 
tivity of microbic growth on the fauces. There are many com- 
plications and much danger attending the presence of this germ 
in the body. The complications and dangers are embolism, 
clot in heart and brain, bronchitis, pneumonia, convulsions, 
emaciation, gastritis, etc. 

With favorable surroundings and no treatment this microbe 
takes two weeks of incubation, two weeks to fully mature ; four 
weeks of full adult activity, in which period all the elements 
upon which its nutrition depends are completely used up and 
the blood thoroughly drenched with its toxin; and two weeks 
more are supposed to be necessary for convalescence. 

In the correct treatment of this malady all old ideas, meth- 
ods and remedies must be discarded, and a new era established, 
whereby infantile suffering and mortality must be blotted out. 

In effecting this the physician must realize that he has a most 
tenacious microbe to deal with ; one of prodigious capacity of 
growth and dissemination, so much so that all clothing, furnu 
ture, carpets, walls, everything in the apartment and some dis- 
tance beyond are literally covered or saturated with it. So the 
new treatment is based upon the complete annihilation of the 
germ. This can only be effected by placing the little patient 
and keeping it in a bactericidal atmosphere. Ozone has been 
tried, effective, but not manageable; so with oxygen, so with 
sulphur, so with vaporizing or burning germicides. 

The up-to-date method is an atmosphere of formalin. Add 
one or two tablespoonfuls of formalin to one quart of water; 
have towels sufficient ready to introduce into it so as to take 
it all up without dripping ; simply hang them up, here and there, 
. in the apartment in which the child is domiciled, till they are 
dry, and resaturate again and again. Keep this up for about a 
week. 

Inside of twenty-four hours not a living germ or spore 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 685 

can be detected in either the expectoration, breath, or mucus 
from the tonsils, uvula, fauces. 

The size of the apartment, age of the child, will regulate the 
physician as to its strength, whether one or two tablespoonfuls. 

This procedure kills all the microbes in the respiratory tract, 
so the evolution of toxins are cut off ; but as the germ had ef- 
fected an entrance, there is always some damage done ; so it is 
well to administer every one, two, or three hours of the ozo- 
nized syrup of Tolu, from half to one teaspoonful doses ; it acts 
as a scavenger to the diseased blood, and allays every vestige of 
irritation of the respiratory tract. 

It is our best remedy without formalin ; away ahead of bella- 
donna, bromide of potasssium and all specifics. 

This pathogenic microbe has a local habitat in the respiratory 
mucous membrane (laryngeal) ; its presence and the products 
of its activity give rise to a catarrhal condition of the tissue in 
which it is imbedded. 

This microbe fabricates a toxin which, when taken up with 
the circulation, acts as an irritant poison to the nervous system, 
especially acting upon the respiratory and vagal centres, ren- 
dering them extremely sensitive and irritable. 

The catarrhal stage is one of microbic activity, the whoops, 
the spasm, due to the poison generated by the germ. 

The correct treatment of pertussis is to destroy the germ, 
the factor of morbid action, and neutralize the effect of the 
poison ; this is best effected by either the ozonized glycerite of 
sulphur or syrup of Tolu ; either or both completely antagonize 
the effect of the poison. 

In addition to the administration of either or both of those 
remedies, I have found it good practice to lessen the sensibility 
of the peripheral terminations of the afferent nerves from the 
respiratory and gastric mucous membrane — to keep irritation 
from being carried to the medulla — by rendering the parts in- 
sensitive. This is best effected either by cocain dissolved in 
peroxide of hydrogen or in ozone et chlorine, making a 1 per 
cent solution. This can either be painted on the tonsil, uvula, 
fauces, or, better still, sprayed. 

It should be just strong enough to benumb the sensibility, 
have a slight paralyzing action on the vagal and respiratory 
centres, or should stimulate nerves antagonistic in their action 
to those involved. This treatment is a step in the right direc- 
tion; it renders the breeding ground unsuitable to its growth 
and sporulation ; bacterial activity ceases. 



686 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The removal of the patient daily, or as frequently as possible, 
to a distance, and while absent the thorough disinfection of the 
apartment by burning sulphur, is a most valuable aid in pre- 
venting the ingress of germs lying dormant on furniture and 
clothing. 

Whooping-cough is due to the presence of a pathogenic mi- 
crobe on the mucous membrane of the larynx and the pharynx, 
and its migration to the inner ear. Highly contagious and in- 
fectious malady. 

The faculty earnestly indorses the administration of comp. 
syrup Tolu, peroxide of hydrogen, one-quarter grain doses; 
sulphide calcium, antiseptic sprays, with the persistent exposure 
of the vapor of formalin in the apartment in which the affected 
child is domiciled. 

In addition to this successful treatment the doctor has the 
ears of all the affected syringed out, morning and night, with 
tepid water, followed by peroxide of hydrogen ; then he paints 
on the meatus and membrana tympanum with jelly of violets. 
The result of this new addition to recent modern treatment is 
in almost every case the patient is benefited and entire relief of 
the whoop. 

It would seem that the mycelia excites irritation, inflamma- 
tion of the nerve filaments which are connected with the root 
ganglion of the vagus, and so stimulates that nerve in all its 
branches. 

The anesthetic action of the jelly of violets on the ear, 
laryngeal nerves and mucous membrane completely wipes out 
both spasm and whoop and any trophic lesion that may exist. 

It has been successful in many hundred cases. 

Whatever remedy kills the microbe most effectually is the 
one to cure this affection, cut it short by annihilating the germ. 
Many germicides have recently been brought forward which 
nave retarded and checked the evolution of microbic growth. 
The age at which the germ puts in an appearance has much to 
do with a cure. If old enough, painting the tonsils, uvula, 
fauces, with jelly of violets thrice daily completely wipes it out 
in a few days. 

The removal of the infected one for a few hours, and while 
absent disinfection of the apartment with burning sulphur is 
not to be overlooked, or better still is the exposure of a solution 
of formalin in saucers around the room, so that the patient can 
live at all times in a germicidal atmosphere. 

An excellent remedy for all cases, to be administered inter- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 687 

-nally, is the ozonized syrup of Tolu — a common-sense remedy, 
never failing in its action. Mothers and nurses all agree in 
asserting that there is an immediate improvement after the first 
dose, and by giving it at stated intervals and in proper doses, 
cough diminishes, expectoration facilitated; paroxysms grow 
less in length and intensity, only occurring at long intervals, 
but all the time gradually but surely abating. 

If this simple treatment be carried out the morbid condition 
does not last but a few days, and is much superior to the bromo- 
form treatment which is so popular. 

The micrococcus of whooping-cough is a great factor in in- 
fantile mortality, for in the process of growth it creates a toxin, 
which causes embolism. 

Bromoform and the bromides are incapable of antagonizing 
this poison. The most effective method of cure, that is, of an- 
nihilating the germ, is by adminstering ozonized syrup of Tolu 
in small but oft-repeated doses, which completely neutralizes 
the poison. This treatment can still be rendered more effica- 
cious, if the child is old enough, by once or twice daily painting 
the tonsils, uvula and fauces with the ozonized jelly of violets. 
This is the most reliable of all remedies. 

I never neglect thorough disinfection of the apartment in 
which the patient is domiciled. Spray the room with formalin 
solution. It will destroy every germ, penetrate every crevice 
and crack without affecting any article deleteriously. It is 
away ahead of sulphur. 

Ozonized syrup of Tolu as the internal remedy ; as auxiliaries, 
painting the tonsils, uvula and fauces thrice daily with jelly of 
violets, at the same time inserting one drop in ear, and cre- 
ating in the apartment an atmosphere of formalin; this is 
effected by dipping sheets in the following solution : water. 
one gallon ; formalin, four ounces. Mix. Having one. satu- 
rated hang it up, and as soon as dry remoisten again and again. 

This form of treatment is a practical cure for every case of 
whooping-cough. With it there are no complications, but at 
once a remarkable amelioration of every symptom, cough and 
paroxysms lessen in frequency, violent sickness subsequent to 
their appearance disappears. This treatment not only facili- 
tates the prompt destruction of the micro-organism, a neutraliz- 
ing of its toxin, but complete eradication of the malady. In a 
few days, in a week, there is no germ to be found ; consequently 
there is no cough, no bronchitis, no pneumonia to deal with. 

The microbe of whooping-cough is found in the tracheal 



688 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

mucous membrane, in the expectoration; it is a protozoon, re- 
sembling an ameba, multiplying by division and spores. Dur- 
ing the convulsive stage they are seen as round, ovoid, shining 
bodies. 

In the entire list of disease germs there is none which have 
such a precision of incubation, growth and termination as the 
mycelia of whooping-cough, and of late years, since neuras- 
thenia has been implanted into the modern child, a fatal mal- 
ady. 

Various attempts have been made to exterminate, to destroy 
the entire brood. 

The most recent is a liberal exhibition of the ozonized syrup 
of Tolu, painting the root of the tongue, tonsils, uvula, fauces, 
with jelly of violets thrice daily (this can only be done when 
a child is old enough), and a continuous fumigation with 
formalin. If this latter is properly performed we have an in- 
stantaneous cure. We do not indorse this method. This 
would be better : The child is to be taken into a room that has 
been fumigated with formalin, then to put on clean clothes 
which have been fumigated by the same article ; in his absence 
his other room fumigated, then saucers are to be placed all 
around in which formalin is placed, that the child will live 
practically in an atmosphere of formalin, in which no microbe 
can live. The method is a success. Some precautions are 
necessary: The formalin must be procured from some reliable 
chemical manufactory; not from some patented apparatus, in- 
troduced as a distinctive swindle ; then the quantity introduced 
into the saucers must be such that when it volatilizes it must not 
irritate the respiratory organs. We would therefore caution 
all physicians to keep their cash, not to be humbugged into pur- 
chasing useless machines for its generation. 

Attempts to cut short every case of whooping-cough by the 
inhalation of some germicide are a success. Sulphur fumiga- 
tions have done good service. A large tablespoonful of forma- 
lin to a quart of water, exposed in half a dozen saucers in the 
apartment in which the child is domiciled, does better service, 
as every disease germ in that room is killed as if by enchant- 
ment. No need of changing either the room or any article in it, 
for the child practically lives in an atmosphere of ozone. 

A decided, practical cure; mothers and nurses agree that an 
immediate improvement takes place. Cough is lessened,, 
paroxysms disappear, expectoration is easy, there are no com- 
plications. It should be renewed every morning. If any in- 
ternal remedy be needed, give ozonized syrup of Tolu. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 689 

PHENACETIN. — This is a slightly reddish, inodorous and 
tasteless powder, soluble with difficulty in water, a little more 
soluble in glycerin, still more so in alcohol; it is insoluble in 
acids, except glacial acetic. 

Though absolutely tasteless, it is most conveniently admin- 
istered in capsules, this method admitting of the most accurate 
dosage. 

Used in pyrexia, neuralgia, etc. 

The most satisfactory dose for an adult is eight grains, 
which can be repeated. 

PHIMOSIS. — Constriction of the prepuce anterior to the 
glans penis, often congenital ; later in life due to irritation, such 
as from the natural cheesy or sebaceous secretion, the germs of 
gonorrhea, masturbation. Try first continuous application of 
hot water, with lobelia or belladonna or both, lotions of gelse- 
mium. 

Inject belladonna under foreskin, try all means possible. All 
failing and danger of gangrene, slit it up, that is, perform cir- 
cumcision. 

PHLEBITIS. — Inflammation of the veins, common among 
washerwomen washing clothes of syphilitic patients or from 
cloths or discharge of parturient patients coming in contact 
with the skin through some scratch or abrasion. There is great 
pain along the course of the veins, which become thick, cordy, 
excruciatingly painful; rigors; fever of an irritative or nervous 

type. 

Blunt impressibility of nervous system with conium pill. If 
vein is thick, cordy.. thrombosis has taken place. Apply leeches, 
closely, so as to drain off the coagulated, germ-smitten blood ; 
then paint with creosote freely, or apply peroxide of hydrogen, 
echinacea, and subsequently keep applied linseed meal ; poul- 
tices made of glycerin, wild indigo, carbolic acid, charcoal and 
capsicum ; change every three hours ; yeast, ozone water and 
other germicide remedies internally, with nourishment and 
tonics. 

PHLEGMASIA DOLENS.— Phlegmasia dolens, or milk 
leg, is due to the micro-organism bacteria. During parturition, 
especially if labor has been severe or prolonged — a condition in 
which the vital integrity of the uterus has suffered ; or it may 
be a case in which ergot has been given, perhaps rather freely 



690 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

or injudiciously, which not only causes contractions of the 
uterus, but in itself supplies the blood with bacteria, thus en- 
gendering embolism : or it might be a uterus contracted firmly 
on a placenta or clot, which squeezes diseased products into 
sinuses of left side, which is the weakest, causing irritation of 
ovary and poisoning of veins of the left leg, coagulation of 
their contents; embolism takes place within the external iliac 
and femoral veins, causing a brawny, painful swelling of the 
entire extremity. 

Symptoms usually commence from one to six weeks after 
labor. On its first appearance there are rigors, fever, thirst, 
nausea; great pain, swelling, loss of motion of the afTected. 
extremity; limb hot, tender, non-edematous, but swollen and 
twice its natural size, of a pale white color, tense and elastic, 
having a glazed and shining appearance; and even after acute 
symptoms have subsided, the limb remains enlarged for many 
weeks, even months. 

In some cases of uterine cancer the same condition may be 
induced. 

Bathe limb morning, noon and night with alkaline wash. 
dry well ; rub with warm olive oil, always toward the body ; then 
apply concentrated ozone; finally bandage from the great toe 
to the groin. Internally sulphide of lime alternated with passi- 
flora. Keep bowels open once or twice daily with uric acid 
solvent. 

PHLORIDZIN. — An alkaloidal principle extracted from, 
the root and trunk of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum trees. 
Its administration is of special utility in all fevers. 

PHOSPHATURIA.— Probably the most prevailing mal- 
ady in North America among young, middle-aged and ofd men. 
is the excessive metamorphosis of brain substances* and its es- 
cape in the urine, constituting what is known as phosphaturia. 
turia. 

The constituents of normal urine consist of various chem- 
ical compounds, derived from the elements of retrograde tissue 
waste, in the healthy state of the organism, together with the 
ashes of products introduced into the system in the form of 
food and drink. 

The average quantity of urine passed daily by a healthy in- 
dividual, who eats and drinks in moderation, lives in a temper- 
ate atmosphere, is about fifty ounces in the twenty- four hours. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 691 

varying some at different periods of the day or night, decreas- 
ing or increasing according to the activity of the skin and 
bowels, as well as by rest, abstaining or increasing the quantity 
consumed. 

Pathologically it is increased in quantity as well as in its 
solid constituents in diabetes, cirrhosis, in all neuroses, cardiac 
failure. 

The solid constituents, or ashes, represent the waste or meta- 
morphosis of some special tissue of which it is made up. 

The prevailing affection is a neurosis of the male urinary 
and sexual system, which gives rise to changes in the prostate, 
urethra, with disturbances of nutrition, chronic brain and spinal 
affections, with exalted reflex impressibility, anemia, feeble 
constitution. 

This neurosis in many cases is brought about by masturba- 
tion, sexual excesses, perverted sexual intercourse, gonorrhea, 
which are destructive to both the mental and physical system, 
being physiologically unnatural. 

The neuroses of the genito-urinary organs are easily recog- 
nized by the physical symptoms, by an examination of the 
urine, and finding an excessive deposit of earthy phosphates 
persistent from day to day. Much of the premature decrepi- 
tude, nerve degeneracy, breaking down, lies in modern civiliza- 
tion, whereby the modern man is robbed of rest. The morn- 
ing paper, read before or at breakfast, the telephone, the elec- 
tric light, keeps the brain unduly stimulated through the retina. 
Modern travel, noise, bustle, each excites the cerebrospinal 
system; trashy novels, telegrams, business, wither and wreck 
lives innumerable; overstrained and exhausted nerve force. 

In those cases, without any sexual excitement, a moisture, a 
clear, transparent, viscid drop, like the white of an tgg, oozes 
away from the mouth of the urethra. This drop represents the 
secretion from the accessary glands of the genital tract ; of this 
the prostate furnishes the largest amount. The object of the 
prostatic secretion is to lubricate the urethra, facilitate the dis- 
charge of semen. If this clear, viscid fluid is secreted in greater 
amount, and oozes away with or without sexual excitement, it 
is a catarrh of the prostate, a sequel of either acute or chronic 
inflammation of that gland. Prostatorrhea is either transient 
or permanent, often a product left by a gonorrhea, a moisture 
remaining sometimes more copious. 

The causes of prostatorrhea are either masturbation, sexual 
excess, unnatural methods of coition, or gonorrhea ; rare cases 



692 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

irritation of the rectum and calculus may give rise to it. If 
hypertrophy of the prostate, there may be also a hypersecre- 
tion. 

In all these cases there is a remarkable condition, phospha- 
turia, present, as well in excessive mental activity, great re- 
sponsibility, worry. 

In all such conditions phosphaturia is present. 

Phosphaturia, an excessive escape of earthy phosphates in 
the urine, is of vast importance — no trivial affair. Phosphorus 
is an essential element of the body, mentally as well as physic- 
ally ; without it there can be no thought, an essential element of 
growth and nutrition; exists in the blood in a neutral form, 
and is eliminated as a normal constituent in the urine in the 
proportion of one to a thousand. In health the average daily 
excretion of phosphates in the urine is from thirty-five to fifty 
grains. It is usually found in three distinct forms or varie- 
ties : 

1. The phosphates of potassium and soda, which are very 
soluble, rarely forming a deposit. 

2. The phosphates of magnesium and calcium, which form 
one-third of the whole normal phosphatic constituents of the 
urine, not very soluble, precipitated almost under all condi- 
tions. 

3. Triple phosphates, which are formed by the combination 
of magnesium phosphide with carbonate of ammonia. 

Its etiology very varied : Sexual neurasthenia, most generally 
dependent on a neurosis of the sexual glands. In young adults, 
sexual excesses ; middle-aged and old men, libertines, who have 
lived fast and freely; brainworkers, monotonous existence, no 
relaxation, neglected exercise, and air treated as a luxury. 

An excessive amount of phosphates in the urine over the 
normal is a true cerebral hemorrhage, is due to the wear and 
tear of the nervous system ; a wreckage, it may not be serious, 
and if no organic change has taken place in the spinal cord and 
brain, may disappear under rest, country air, hygiene and 
tonics. 

The spontaneous deposits of the earthy phosphates in the 
urine is not necessarily an evidence of their excess, because 
when normal, urine becomes alkaline, a deposit of phosphates 
may take place when their amount is within physiological lim- 
its. A diet of cereals and brainwork have a marked effect in 
bringing about the formation of large quantities of them, ex- 
cessive and persistent. It is no local disorder, simply a cerebral 
wreckage, the nerve tissue running off in the urine in powder 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 693 

form or in the form of stellar crystals of the phosphate of lime, 
not infrequently fatal. The phosphate, to constitute phospha- 
turia, must be permanently present in -excess, not periodically, 
but persistent and increasing by copious showers of stellar 
crystals. 

There are some well-defined symptoms which excite sus- 
picion: polyuria, thirst, excessive; the patient is conscious of 
his failure of general vigor, extreme languor and irritability of 
temper, which is new to him; neuralgic pains, which are un- 
accountable, often recurring ; great drowsiness with coma. 

A great increase of urea combined with phosphaturia gives 
rise to emaciation and sometimes tuberculosis. 

As a rule the urine is of a low specific gravity, containing 
neither albumin nor sugar. 

The persistent presence of phosphates, which appear to be 
a dense cloud in undecomposed urine, of neutral and alkaline 
reaction, is capable of much mischief, especially the triple de- 
posit. Its recognition is easy, urine excessive in amount, either 
neutral or alkaline in reaction, low specific gravity, loaded with 
phosphates of the stellar variety. It bears a strong resemblance 
to chronic interstitial nephritis. In the latter albumin is pres- 
ent persistently. 

The effect of phosphaturia upon the general health is most 
deteriorating, invariably bad, destroying the strongest consti- 
tutions. 

If it be the product of sexual neurasthenia from damaged re- 
productive organs, there is always present prostatorrhea ir- 
ritable or enlarged prostate; that condition must be either 
ameliorated or cured by the introduction of a saw-palmetto 
suppository after the morning evacuation of the bowels, a 
boroglycerid at noon, and a cocain at bedtime, and one or two 
doses of urotropin daily, to keep the bladder free from the 
micrococcus ureas and other bacteria, and afford the patient easy 
•micturition. 

The great drowsiness, extreme irritability of temper, the 
onset of emaciation, increase of the stellar phosphates, excre- 
tion of urea, add much to the gravity of the condition. 

Treatment is often successful, which consists chiefly in rest, 
bath, massage, every means to promote nutrition, promote 
health, and check undue excretion of phosphates. To allay the 
unquenchable thirst, clear the brain of the inevitable drowsi- 
ness, a drink in the form of a lemonade made of c. p. solution 
of lactic acid and water and sugar. 



694 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Kephalin granules supply more assimilated phosphorus than 
any other remedy in the materia medica. They are specially- 
indicated as the great constructive agent of the age. 

Comp. matricaria is another remedy of exceeding great 
value in every case; an invaluable tonic, it checks retrograde 
waste, at the same time toning the springs of life and raising 
the standard of vitality. 

Cacodylate of sodium, excellent when cerebral waste is 
greatest, when it gives rise to neuralgia and nerve anemia. 
Above all agents it puts a stay on destruction, favors construc- 
tion. 



PHOSPHORUS. — A bone and brain tonic and rebuilder. 

There are a variety of preparations. A simple infusion of 
the sticks is good, a tincture better, and freshly-made dilute 
phosphoric acid best of all in ten- to twenty-drop doses every 
three hours added to water. 

The phosphates and hypophosphites of lime, soda, potassium, 
and iron are all excellent, but the ozonized glycerophosphite of 
soda as a tissue builder is unexcelled, as both its physiological 
as well as its therapeutic action exerts a direct action in favor- 
ing assimilation and metabolism. 

Neurasthenia, grave cerebral- wreckage, Addison's dis- 
ease, the exhaustion or gone feeling of influenza, overwork,, 
locomotor ataxia are benefited by this remedy. 

PHYTOLACCA.— Poke-root, indigenous to the United 
States. 

Therapeutic Uses. — A valuable drug, kills the microbes of 
cancer, syphilis, tubercle. Alone or, better still, combined with 
iodide potassium. 

Next to saxifraga the best vegetable alterative in the materia 
medica. 

Preparation and Doses. — The ozonized fluid extract of Phy- 
tolacca, teaspoonful doses ; the tincture 1 5 to 20 drops. 

Phytolacca berry juice ozonized, the North Carolina poke 
berry just touched by the frost, gathered, compressed ozonized, 
is the safest, most effective agent for stripping the human body 
of that non-vital element, fat, the dose necessary to eliminate 
two pounds of adipose tissue weekly being from 2 to 15 drops. 
It must be alternated every other week by some other remedy,, 
such as the fucus vesiculosus. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 695 

PICRIC ACID has been much vaunted as a remedy for 
burns and scalds. 

Make a solution of picric acid by adding ninety grains to 
three ounces of alcohol, which is then diluted by adding one 
quart of distilled water. 

Strips of sterilized gauze, sufficient in quantity, are soaked 
in this solution and applied so as to cover the whole of the in- 
jured parts. It must be covered with a bandage if accessible. 
This dressing may be left in place for four days, then thor- 
oughly moistened with the picric acid solution and removed. 
The second dressing may be permitted to remain a week. 

This method has advantages. The picric acid deadens the 
sensibility to pain, coagulates the albuminous exudations, lim- 
its suppuration, kills all bacteria, promotes cicatrization, not 
so rapid as that produced by formal-gelatin, but it has its 
merits. 

Picrate of Ammonium. — Annihilates the malarial germ; 
it has many advantages over quinine, producing no unpleasant 
effect, no headache, no deafness nor tinnitus. Dose : From 
one-eighth to one and a half grains in pill form four times a 
day. 

PIMPLES. — Pimples usually develop on the surface of the 
body where the skin is most inactive and the least prepared to 
eliminate properly the poisonous substances which come 
through its glands. In this way more or.less matter is retained 
within the glands, which is a source of irritation, and they be- 
come inflamed, and pimples develop. They are best prevented 
by keeping the liver active with kolatina, and cured by increas- 
ing the tone and activity of the skin, which can be done by 
means of hot and cold bathing and massage of the skin ; lotions 
of either lactic acid or lemon juice are of utility where the pim- 
ples are very large. 

PINUS NEEDLES.— All varieties of the pine tree are in 
the true sense of the term ozone generators or breeders ; splen- 
did bactericides ; grow luxuriantly all over the world. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Both local and internal in rheumatism, 
paralysis, skin diseases, chronic catarrh, laryngitis, bronchitis. 

Preparations and Doses. — The volatile oil is used internally 
in doses of 16 drops. In inhalations it is mixed with the car- 
bonate of magnesia and water. 

A fluid extract is used for baths in rheumatism. 



696 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Turpentine ozonized for peritonitis; terebene for coughs, 8 
to 10 drops on sugar. 

The white rosin pulverized with cream of tartar is efficacious ; 
wool or wadding saturated with it relieves the pain of rheu- 
matic joints. 

The oil of the needles of the North Carolina pine is equal in 
germicidal powers to the c. p. guaiacol on the tubercular ba- 
cillus, that is, it has precisely the same bactericide action when 
it enters the blood; annihilating the germ, neutralizing its 
toxin, whether it be inhaled, administered orally, by tablet, 
syrup, or suppository, or as an ointment applied to the skin. 

For treatment by inhalation the ozonized distillation of the 
needles is the best. An elegant, efficacious remedy in bronchial 
tuberculosis, used for about fifteen minutes six times daily. 
Most admirable also for a bath. 

The tablet, simply held in the mouth and permitted to dis- 
solve and swallowed, exhibits its wonderful power in allaying 
cough. 

For preparing the pine ointment add one ounce of the oil to 
sixteen ounces of ozone ointment. This is potency enough to 
destroy the germs of eczema, herpes, sycosis and some other 
forms of tinea, etc. ; for lupus it requires to be doubled. 

Pine-tree syrup is undoubtedly the best remedy for cough 
ever presented to the profession. It matters little whether it 
be the cough of bronchitis (the conferva), the cough of pneu- 
monia (pneumococcus), the cough of pulmonary tuberculosis, 
it will relieve them or mitigate their severity. 

Whether within or without the body, all the preparations of 
turpentine are great ozone generators. The liberation of this 
agent is inimical to microbic existence. 

Ozonized turpentine is much more germicidal, and owes this 
faculty to the presence of negative ozone. 

PISCIDIA. — Jamaica dogwood, the bark of Piscidia ery- 
threna. 

Therapeutic Uses. — It is a very superior narcotic, its gluco- 
side being piscidin, which acts on the sensory gland of the 
spinal cord. Employed internally and locally in toothache and 
neuralgia of the fifth pair. Equal to chloral hydrate and bro- 
mide of potassium in delirium tremens. A splendid sedative in 
asthma and bronchitis, and for allaying pain, spasm, and ner- 
vous excitement generally. 

Preparation and Dose. — Fluid extract. Dose: Thirty to 
sixty drops. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 697 

PITYRIASIS (Dandruff or Scurf). — A superficial inflam- 
mation of the skin, an excessive secretion from the sebaceous 
glands of the scalp, with the formation of brandy scales. 

Treatment. — Washing the hair daily, followed by a boro- 
glycerid lotion, to which a percentage of quinins and tincture 
of cantharides is added. 

PLAGUE. — As the United States of North America is 
simply the dumping ground for the refuse population of all 
other nations, it is well for us to note the progress of epidemics 
and the evolution of microbial affections generally, especially 
among races debarred from our shores by law, but who never- 
theless migrate in by every avenue. 

It appears that a peculiar form of disease has prevailed in 
Asia during the greater portion of the last century, which very 
much resembles our relapsing fever which prevailed quite ex- 
tensively in our seaboard cities in 1872. The symptoms of the 
plague have been marked by high fever from the very onset, 
with vomiting; upon this followed buboes, chiefly in the arm- 
pits and the front of the thigh, the swelling being exquisitely 
tender and suppurating later. The brain symptoms have been 
unusually severe, being commonly marked by convulsions and 
stupor, going on to coma and delirium. Many of the patients 
have died quite suddenly and instantaneously from heart fail- 
ure. The blood disintegrates, the hemoglobin being notably 
diminished. The results of numerous post-mortem examina- 
tions have been to show enlargement of the spleen, meningeal 
hemorrhage, extreme congestion of the kidney and liver. The 
glands also are infiltrated with blood, and bathed with a serous 
fluid, causing a widespread edema. At the beginning of the 
outbreak the mortality was intense, amounting to 85 per cent 
of those attacked. It has now fallen not only in numbers but 
in severity of type, the mortality of the later cases being only 
60 per cent. Bastericides, sulphide of lime and echinacea. 

Black death, or glandular pestilence, is simply the bacteria 
of typhus operating upon one whose vital forces are a perfect 
wreck. It has all the characteristics of typhus, and in addition 
the rash is in dots, purple-colored, and there is inflammation 
and suppuration of the lymphatic glands. It is extremely 
contagious, comes on with great violence, runs its course rap- 
idly; petechias come out early; glands of neck, axilla, groin, 
and mesentery inflame and suppurate. Boils, fever, diarrhea, 
vomiting, hemorrhages, convulsions, prostration, congestion^ 
and softening of heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys. 



698 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Treatment the same as typhus ; push antiseptics, and in order 
to prevent the bacteria from contaminating all around, keep 
the body well covered with oil so as to smother them when they 
seek the skin. 

Administer frequently and liberally the ozonized concen- 
trated tincture of echinacea. 

PLETHORA. — A morbid increase in the plasma of the 
blood. Due to inertia, excess in eating and drinking, especially 
malt liquors. 

Restrict the amount of saccharine and amylaceous articles of 
diet; diminish the amount of fluids; daily alkaline baths with 
massage; bowels to be kept freely opened with salines. Try 
fucus vesiculosus alternated with ozonized phytolacca berry 
juice. 

1 PLEURISY (Acute and Chronic Streptococcus). — Inflam- 
mation of the internal lining membrane — the serous covering 
of the chest — is generally caused by mechanical violence or 
cold, damp, wet, exposure. It is easily recognized by the de- 
pression, fever, cough; by the sharp, lancinating pain, or 
catches over a circumscribed area; by the roughened or friction 
sound at the same point. The streptococcus can usually be de- 
tected in the sputum. 

Microbial evolution cannot take place if the action of the 
heart is maintained at 65 by the administration of veratrum 
viride, passiflora incarnata, and echinacea, which promote a 
renewal of life in the pleura. 

Perfect destruction of the germ takes place when ozonized 
turpentine is applied over the microbial nests in the pleura. 

PLUMBISM. — The saturation of the solids and fluids of 
the body with lead ; common among painters, glaziers, plumb- 
ers, decorators, electroplaters and other operatives in lead, 
such as in potteries. The metal, whether inhaled, drank in 
water or wine and absorbed through the salivary glands of the 
mouth, passing cutaneously, has an affinity for weakened parts 
of the nervous system. Most selective in its action, causing 
paralysis ; works even insanity, delirium, and affections of the 
spinal cord. The dire effects of the introduction of lead into 
the human body is most disastrous. True, the administration 
of iodide of potassium in the comp. syrup saxifraga, with sul- 
phtiret potassium baths, with proper electrical treatment, rap- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 699 

idly neutralizes and eliminates the poison, but it must be done 
systematically and thoroughly, and not dispensed with until 
all symptoms, even the blue line on the gums, have disappeared. 

PNEUMONIA {The Pneumo coccus). — Inflammation of 
the substance of the lungs is a common and very fatal malady 
— common owing to the remarkable vicissitudes of tempera- 
ture, to the carelessness of our people breathing impure, viti- 
ated air, inattention to the laws of health, thereby impairing 
digestion, hindering nutrition, rendering the body susceptible 
to the development of a germ; fatal, owing to its treatment 
with coal-tar derivatives, heart paralyzers, as antipyrin, phen- 
acetin, antikamnia, etc. 

The predisposing cause of every case of pneumonia is nerv- 
ous depression; the exciting cause, some shock, some injury, 
some damage to the substance of the lungs, whereby its ves- 
sels are relaxed, whereby a disease germ, the factor, the pneu- 
mococcus comes into being, and the devitalized lung becomes 
infiltrated, congested, solidified, the terminal tubes and air cells 
hecome impermeable to the ingress of air. 

During the progress of microbic growth and lung infiltra- 
tion a most deadly toxin is given off. 

This product of bacterial life becomes a lethal element in 
the blood, essentially destructive, causing embolism of that 
fluid, poisoning the brain, paralyzing the heart. 

This toxin is found in the prune- juice sputum, in the saliva, 
and abundant in the urine. It is this toxin which depresses 
cardiac vigor, and renders life precarious, and more especially 
so when associated with advanced age, pre-existing disease, 
mental or bodily exhaustion. 

Excessive exudation within the lung impoverishes the blood, 
acts injuriously upon a weak heart by enfeebling the tissues, 
starving the nerve centres — a high temperature exhausts nerv- 
ous energy, enfeebles muscular power. 

Veratrum viride, administered in small doses frequently re- 
peated, is our best remedy in pneumonia. It should be alter- 
nated with ozonized passiflora. The two remedies in alterna- 
tion rapidly bring about a crisis in checking the congestion of 
the lung and toning up the heart. They together abort mi- 
crobic growth, slow the irritable heart, dilate the arterioles. 
It is best to give the passiflora liberally and alone, as it is an 
hypnotic, acts directly upon the great sympathetic; it is a 
sedative, diminishes and ultimatelv abolishes the reflexes. It 



700 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

is difficult to find a drug like it in pneumonia. Put the patient 
under its influence, it will recuperate exhaustion. It checks 
wholly or in part the source of organic change, through which 
microbic growth becomes dangerous. 

Whatever view your readers entertain as to the causation of 
pneumonia, they will find that this preparation of passinora 
soothes pain, stops cough, relieves insomnia, shortens the du- 
ration of every case in which it is used, — it favors an early 
crisis and relief from suffering. 

It is customary to prescribe either quinine or strychnine in 
pneumonia. They are good, but in an experience of many hun- 
dred cases I prefer comp. tincture of matricaria to stimulate the 
respiratory centre, as it increases the oxygenating power of the 
lung when the breathing surface is diminished. An admirable 
tonic for all cases of pneumonia. 

Veratrum viride. ozonized passinora, comp. matricaria are 
the remedies, with protonuclein added; this latter must never 
be omitted. Local stimulation over the dull, infiltrated areas 
never should be neglected. Concentrated ozone, oil of horse- 
peppermint and oleum tiglii, followed by flaxseed-meal poul- 
tices. 

Certain it is that nervous depression affords a predisposition, 
while some exciting cause, some depressant, as either cold, wet, 
exposure, or a fractured rib — no matter what its etiology may 
be, there is either the migration or evolution of a pathogenic 
microbe in the damaged lung — a vital organ smitten, a dan- 
gerous malady, whose duration is short if the vital forces are 
very feeble — impairment of the pulmonary function, and the 
presence of the toxin of the microbe accounts for the fatal re- 
sult. 

The toxins excreted by the pneumococcus are of the most 
deadly character, especially paralyzing to the heart muscles, 
giving rise to cardiac failure. The collapse, the fatal weak- 
ening of the heart are dependent on oligemia, which leads to 
impaired nutrition of the muscular structure of that organ 
In the very recesses of morbid action there is a weak 
heart, which is still more enfeebled by microbic growth — 
the fever which makes extra demands upon it. Another 
factor in the case is the imperfect aeration of the blood, still 
loaded with toxins, which gives rise to cerebral anemia and 
innervation of the heart, at the same time depriving the 
blood of a large quantity of its vital constituents. 

If the treatment be inefficient, hesitating, if the oligemia 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 701 

be not combated with every means, death is liable to take 
place about the eighth day, the period which corresponds 
to the transition period from red to gray hepatization. 

To the most superficial mind the diagnosis of this malady 
is easily and distinctly marked ; the cough, the rusty or prune- 
juice sputum, the rigor, the fever, the flush on the cheek 
corresponding to the germ-smitten lung; dilated nostrils; 
the greatly embarrassed breathing, with cardiac failure. 

The mortality from the pneumococcus has been enormous, 
not precisely due to the germ and its toxin, but due to the 
use of phenacetin, antipyrin, and other coal-tar derivatives, 
which, together with the application of cold, have increased the 
death rate to an alarming degree; whereas under the treat- 
ment of veratrum viride, passiflora, gelsemium and proto- 
nuclein, with local stimulation, few cases prove fatal. 

This method promotes leukocytosis, an increase of the 
white corpuscles which crowd out the germ, and eventu- 
ates in a general rapid movement. 

The passiflora incarnata is a sovereign remedy in pneu- 
monia. It supersedes the use of all preparations of opium 
in tranquilizing the irritability. 

Nutrition must be as generous as possible. 

Accept the theory that pneumonia is a microbic disease, 
contagious and infectious, that the evolution of the germ is 
dependent upon some nervous defect such as an exhausted 
great sympathetic, and discard in treatment such cardiac 
paralyzers as antipyrin, phenacetin and all coal-tar deriva- 
tives, and in their stead, from the beginning to the end, ad- 
minister large and frequent doses of ozonized passiflora in- 
carnata, under which the microbe loses its power of sporula- 
tion and dies — besides its action upon an exhausted sympa- 
thetic is to restrain evolution from a depreciated centre, in- 
hibit microbic growth, produce complete inertia of the cell 
elements: there are no toxins. Until you feel safe on passi- 
flora add small doses of veratrum viride, so as to soothe the 
heart's action. Next to passiflora in real efficacy is sulphate 
of quinine and protonuclein, two remedies which never can 
be omitted in any single instance. Locally over the dam- 
aged lung some local vitalizing stimulant, as either dry cup- 
ping followed by inunction of olive oil and concentrated 
ozone, or oil of horse-peppermint and concentrated ozone. 

It is not well to wait, to delay for a crisis, as they term it, 
a time when the microbic elements are so numerous; toxins 



J02 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

prodigiously so, so great that they themselves destroy the 
pneumococcus. It is well to take no such risks, but admin- 
ister remedies in advance. Chloride of ammonia is an ex- 
cellent remedy to neutralize the toxins of this germ, prob- 
ably the best; administer early, long before the heart's action 
becomes embarrassed by a clot, or the lips are purple or skin 
livid — give it well diluted in water. 

If there be irritability of the stomach cleanse out the rec- 
tum, and instead of administering the quinine orally give 
per rectum every three hours ; or what is even better, substi- 
tute concentrated tincture of kurchicin, or the suppository of 
the same for the cinchona alkaloid. 

The disappearance of forest growth in our country has 
deprived us of a powerful antagonist to disease germs, and 
rendered our climate most unstable, deprived us of a peren- 
nial source of ozonic effluvia, which has a distinct therapeutic 
value in all ailments of the respiratory organs. 

Spring and fall pneumonia is epidemic, its mortality great, 
nay increasing under the use of our coal-tar drugs. 

There is a predisposition in our very atmosphere to this 
direful malady; in nervous depression, either from over- 
work, exhaustion, intense struggle, exposure to extremes 
of heat and cold, wet, inhalation of irritants, acting as ex- 
citing causes. Under this dual condition the primary ele- 
ments of lung nutrition are changed, altered, degraded into 
other living matter, a disease germ, the pneumococcus. 

The very presence of this germ in the substance of the 
lung is the cause of red hepatization ; if the powers of life are 
feeble, it grows with great rapidity, excreting its toxins in 
such abundance as to cause its own death. 

Pneumonia is the most fatal malady in these states, two- 
thirds of all cases dying. This mortality can be traced to 
treatment, to utter laxity or tardiness of action, and to the 
use of such remedies as antipyrin, phenacetin and other coal- 
tar derivatives, which paralyze the heart's action. 

The germicide system of practice is thoroughly rooted in 
New England. Read what their present leader says : 'The 
pyrexia of pneumonia . is brief, normal to the disease, and 
unfavorable to microbic growth and activity, and all treat- 
ment by antipyretics are harmful. The development of the 
germ is checked by a high temperature. This in well-marked 
cases rises to 104 degrees F.. and at this temperature the 
growth of the germ is checked. The reduction of tempera- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 703 

ture by any remedy not distinctly inimical to the micro- 
organism is injurious." 

Cold, therefore, should be avoided. Very salutary results 
follow the exhibition of the alcoholic vapor bath; it increases 
the temperature, quickens the circulation, relieves pain, gives 
great comfort, carries conviction to the incredulous. It has 
no depressing effect on the cardiac and respiratory motor cen- 
tres, but increases their dynamic force. 

Local stimulation over the damaged lung with dry cups, fol- 
lowed by cantharidal cerate or concentrated ozone, increases 
vitality, promotes leukocytosis. 

Protonuclein in suppository is a remedy of great value in 
pneumonia because it increases the white corpuscles of the 
blood ; at the same time it antagonizes the toxins, the excretion 
of the pneumococcus. 

In pneumonia the brain is imperfectly nourished and the 
sympathetic fretted, and the indications of all sound treat- 
ment are increased nutrition; extensive consolidation, over- 
whelming engorgement of the lungs, calls for the persistent 
administration of the sulphide of calcium to disseminate the 
clot, the red hepatization. The immediate use of this remedy 
is imperative, the relief it affords is markd and immediate. 
Relieve the engorgement by breaking up the coagulum. This 
cannot be effected by retarding the action of the heart by either 
veratrum or phenacetin, but the sulphide of calcium will do it. 
and of this every physician should have an abundant supply 
for the fall and winter months. 

It is an invaluable agent in pneumonia, acting disastrously 
upon the pneumococcus, thereby shortening the attack or abort- 
ing it altogether. Being a microbicide of great power, it dis- 
solves and disseminates the fibrinous coagula .formed by the 
germ. Just as soon as expectoration is induced and becomes 
free, it shows the work is done ; but the remedy should not be 
dropped, but given in shorter doses and at longer intervals. 
Give it in pneumonia in all ages if this'germ be present. It is 
never contraindicated, not even in the direst weakness, and 
cardiac failure; hold on to it — it is a life saver. Passiliora 
ozonized and concentrated tincture kurchicin valuable aids : 
always local stimulation over the damaged lung; it is an aid, 
producing leukocytosis, a renewal of life. 

PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.— The root of mandrake 
is an excitant to the glandular svstem o-enerallv, but a verv 



704 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

powerful stimulant to the liver, causing a great increase of flow 
of bile. Great caution should be exercised in its administration, 
never given alone, but with some agent to modify its action, 
and in small doses. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract, with either hyoscy- 
amus or bitartrate potassa. Dose: Three to 5 drops, thrice 
daily. 

POISONS. — There have been suggested several classifica- 
tions of poisons, but that based upon the most characteristic and 
prominent symptoms is undoubtedly the best for the pharma- 
cist and physician to thoroughly consider : 

1. Drugs (poisons) causing death immediately or in a few 
minutes: Bromine, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, chlo- 
rine, cyanides, nicotin, oxalic acid, hydrocyanic acid, sulphu- 
reted hydrogen, sometimes strychnine and strong mineral acids, 
etc. 

2. Drugs (poisons) known as corrosives and irritants: 

(a) Corrosives, causing local destruction of tissues along 
with much nausea and vomiting: Ammonia water, barium 
salts, caustic potassa, caustic soda, concentrated lye, potas- 
sium chlorate, potassium nitrate, quicklime, strong acids (car- 
bolic, chromic, hydrochloric, nitric, nitrohydrochloric, sul- 
phuric, etc, ) . 

(b) Irritants, causing mainly pain, nausea, vomiting and 
purging: Bromine, cantharides, carbolic acid, castor beans, 
chlorine, compounds of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, copper, 
chromium, iron, lead, tin and zinc, decayed meat, gelsemium, 
iodine, mushrooms, phosphorus, savin, veratrum, etc. 

3. Drugs (poisons) affecting the nervous system : 

(a) Narcotics. — These produce insensibility as the chief 
symptom, often preceded by more or less cerebral excitement : 
Alcohol, chloral, chloroform, ether, opium, etc. 

(b) Deliriants (cerebrospinal neurotics). — These produce 
delirium as a prominent symptom : Belladonna, camphor, can- 
nabis indica, cocain, hyoscyamus, mushrooms, solanin, stramo- 
nium, etc. 

(c) Convulsions. — While nearly all poisons may cause con- 
vulsions, there are several occasioning very violent muscular 
paroxysms : Brucine, ignatia, narcotin, nux vomica, picro- 
toxin, strychnine, etc. 

(d) Multiple Disturbers. — These produce complex nervous- 
phenomena: Aconite, conium, curare, digitalis, lobelia, nico- 
tin, physostigma, tobacco, etc. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 705 

Owing to the very great uncertainty of poisoning cases, it 
is imperative that pharmacists and physicians carry in mind the 
respective antidotes, remedies and specific treatments. Not a 
moment is to be lost in such emergencies, as so frequently lives 
have been sacrificed in the delay of searching for method of 
treatment, proper medicines and necessary instruments. In- 
deed, it would be a most excellent plan for all physicians to 
keep in constant readiness a box or bag filled with the combat- 
ing essentials for poisons, and for them to insist upon their 
various druggists having such a collection at all times avail- 
able, along with a reliable antidotal chart: (1) Stomach 
pump, or 5 to 8 feet of half-inch rubber tubing. (2) Hypo- 
dermic syringe. (3) Bleeding lancet. (4) Small faradic bat- 
tery. (5) Four-ounce can of mustard. (6) One dozen zinc 
sulphate powders; one half 30 grains each, the other 15 grains 
each ; or a number of 10-grain tablets. (7) Several 15- and 30- 
grain ipecac powders. (8) Solution apomorphine hydro- 
chlorate, 2 per cent; hypodermic emetic dose 3 to 4 drops. (9) 
Jeaunel's general or multiple antidote (magnesii oxidum, 2 
ounces; carbo animalis, 1 ounce; aqua, 20 ounces; to be kept 
always mixed, but just before using add thereto liquor ferri 
tersulphatis, 2j^ ounces. This is harmless, and can be given 
in wineglassful doses, frequently repeated, for such poisons as 
arsenous acid, digitalis, mercuric salts, opium, strychnine and 
zinc salts, but is of no good for antimony compounds, caustic 
alkalines or phosphorus. (10) Several ounces of dilute acetic 
acid (vinegar) and calcined magnesia (to neutralize alkalies, 
acids, etc. ) . (11) Tannic acid to precipitate alkaloids as insol- 
uble tannates; and test solution of iodine (iodine, 1 gram; po- 
tassium iodide, 3 grams ; water, 50 c. c. ) , to indicate the pres- 
ence of alkaloids by giving a reddish-brown precipitate in 
nearly all cases. (12) Chloral, chloroform, ether, potassium 
bromide (as narcotics or anesthetics in tetanic poisons). (13) 
French (old) oil of turpentine (physiologic antidote for phos- 
phorus). (14) Hypodermic solution of atropin sulphate, 1 
per cent, dose 2 to 6 drops (physiologic antidote for aconite, 
"benzin, gelsemium, morphine, muscarin, opium, physostig- 
mine, pilocarpin, etc. (15) Hypodermic solution of pilocar- 
pi nitrate, 5 per cent, dose 10 to 15 drops (physiologic anti- 
dote for atropin, daturin, duboisin, hyoscyamin, etc.). (16) 
Hypodermin solution of morphine sulphate, 10 per cent, dose 
5 to 8 drops. (17) Hypodermic solution of strychnine sul- 
phate or nitrate, 2 per cent, dose 2 to 3 drops. (18) Half 



yob The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ounce of potassium permanganate (for morphine, etc., poison- 
ing). (19) Several ounces of dialyzed iron (for arsenic poi- 
soning). (20) Ammonia water, aromatic spirit of ammonia,, 
brandy, whisky, extract of coffee. Apart from this outlined 
potential readiness of pharmacist and physician, they can often 
supplement safety by suggesting to appreciative patrons the 
advisability of providing for their homes a small collection of 
antidotal agents, properly labeled as to name and use, such to 
be: Jeaunel's general antidote, calcined magnesia (for acids), 
old spirit of turpentine (for phosphorus), vinegar (for alka- 
lies), can of mustard (general emetic), several 30-grain pow- 
ders of ipecac, several 20-grain powders of zinc sulphate, at 
the same time stating that in case of poisoning the most acces- 
sible physician should be sent for at once, but while awaiting- 
him hasten to give one of the emetics mentioned, soon follow- 
ing it with Jeaunel's antidote. 

Acetanilid (Antifebrin and Antipyrin). — Place in a re- 
cumbent position, loosen the clothing about the neck, chest 
and waist, allow plenty of fresh air; give stimulants (brandy, 
whisky, aromatic spirit of ammonia, etc.) ; apply external 
heat; use atropin or belladonna to maintain blood pressure; 
strychnine to aid respiration; oxygen inhalations if cyanosis is 
excessive. 

Acid, Carbolic (Creosote, Resorcin). — Unless great de- 
struction of mucous membrane has occurred, vomit with warm 
water containing sodium bicarbonate or zinc sulphate (mus- 
tard, apomorphine). The chemical antidote being any soluble 
sulphate, one may at first wash out the stomach with sodium 
bicarbonate solution, 1 ounce to 8 ounces of water, and follow 
with 2 ounces of Epsom or Glauber salt, to form sulphocarbo- 
late, or by dilute acetic acid. Vinegar neutralizes the 
action of carbolic acid. Applied to the skin or mu- 
cous membrane burnt by carbolic will cause the rapid 
disappearance of the characteristic whiteness as well 
as the anesthesia produced by the carbolic. It also prevents the 
formation of the slough. It also neutralizes the effect of car- 
bolic in the stomach ; therefore, the first thing to do when car- 
bolic has been swallowed is to make the patient drink vinegar 
mixed with equal parts of water, and then wash the stomach. 
Demulcent drinks, flaxseed or elm tea, protect mucous surfaces, 
as does white of eggs beaten up with water. Give no oils or 
glycerin. As stimulants use whisky, alcohol, ammonia, etc. 
hypodermically, if need be; warmth, friction. Opium relieves 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 707 

pain. Excite counterirritation over the abdomen. Give digi- 
talis and strychnine if needed. 

Acid, Chromic (Potassium Chromate and Bichromate). — 
Evacuate the stomach with one-half ounce of mustard, stirred 
to a cream with 1 ounce of water ; or with zinc sulphate, apo- 
morphine, ipecac or pump. Follow with magnesium oxide or 
carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or chalk in water. As demulcent 
drinks, give barley, elm or flaxseed water. 

Acid Hydrocyanic (Cyanides, Cherry-Laurel Water, Oil 
of Bitter Almond). — Fifteen minims of official acid, or 1 grain 
of anhydrous acid, usually kills in 10 to 15 minutes. Place in 
recumbent position, allow plenty of fresh air; empty the stom- 
ach by mustard, zinc sulphate or pump; keep the body warm. 
If breathing ceases, use artificial respiration, mild faradic cur- 
rent to the heart, alternate cold and warm affusions to head, 
chest and spine ; administer ammonia by inhalation or give it 
by mouth or veins; inject atropin solution 2 to 4 drops every 
half hour to assist the heart's action. Ferrous sulphate with 
ferric sulphate, followed by potassium carbonate solution, yields 
inert Prussian blue. Ferrous sulphate alone or with calcined 
magnesia renders the acid insoluble, but the action of the acid 
is so quick that there is scarcely time for the application of 
many remedies. Brandy by the mouth, skin or rectum has 
been found valuable. 

Acids, Mineral (Hydrochloric, Nitric, Nitrohydrochloric, 
Sulphuric, Phosphoric). — One to 4 drams of the stronger acids 
usually prove fatal. Neutralize with sodium bicarbonate, cal- 
cined magnesia, lime, chalk, or wall plaster mixed with water ; 
if none of these are accessible, dilute and wash out the stomach 
with considerable water. One may use with advantage any of 
the following : Soap, milk, gruel, olive and almond oils, eggs 
beaten up. Avoid the stomach pump, as it might perforate the 
softened esophagus. 

Acid, Oxalic (Oxalates). — Half to one ounce usually 
proves fatal. If not already vomited by the poison, empty the 
stomach at once with mustard, zinc sulphate, pump or tube, 
then neutralize with chalk, whiting or wall plaster in water, 
or lime water itself, never with sodium, potassium or ammo- 
nium salts, as these form soluble oxalates ; apply hot fomenta- 
tions to the loins. Give an enema to empty the bowels. Give 
much water to facilitate elimination by the kidneys. Oil and 
opium may be useful. 

Alkalies (Caustic Potassa, Soda and Ammonia"). — These 



708 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

usually cause vomiting, but if they do not, accomplish this by 
plenty of lukewarm water, to be followed by vinegar (dilute 
acetic acid, lemon or orange juice, tartaric or citric acid solu- 
tion, 2 drams to a pint of water) ; olive oil, i to 4 drams, egg 
white, milk, demulcent drinks (arrowroot, elm, barley or flax- 
seed water) to protect the mucous membranes and sustain vital 
powers. May always give plenty of water and relieve pain 
with laudanum, 20 drops, or hypodermic morphine. 

Aconite (Aconitin). — Thirty to 60 drops of tincture and 
one-twentieth grain of alkaloid generally prove fatal. Evacu- 
ate the stomach at once with zinc sulphate, apomorphine, mus- 
tard or pump ; place in a recumbent position, the head the low- 
est ; apply warmth to the extremities ; give solution of atropin 
4 drops hypodermically, or give tincture of belladonna 20 drops 
by the mouth, repeated. If heart syncope presents, give tinc- 
ture of digitalis 15 drops hypodermically or 30 drops by the 
mouth. As stimulants, use ammonia, brandy, strychnine ; mus- 
tard plasters to the pericardium. Aid vomiting and elimina- 
tion of the poison by abundant water, to which may be added 
brandy or alcohol in any form. Inhale amyl nitrite, or oxy- 
gen, and if breathing stops use artificial respiration. Animal 
charcoal and tannin are of service. 

Alcohol. — Drunkenness somewhat resembles opium poi- 
soning and brain concussion. Empty the stomach, wash out 
well with warm coffee, keep the body very warm, but apply 
cold douche to the head ; allow plenty of fresh air ; apply inter- 
rupted current to the respiratory muscles; ammonia water or 
amyl nitrite to the nostrils; keep the patient awake mechani- 
cally by shaking, shouting, etc. 

Anilin (Dyes, Ink). — One-half to 2 drams have proven 
fatal. Wash out the stomach well with water or vomit with 
copper sulphate, 5 grains, in a tablespoonful of water, repeated 
in five minutes if necessary. Inhalations of oxygen and injec- 
tions of ether are of much service ; follow with half to one dram 
of calcined magnesia. 

Antimony, Compounds (Antimonial Wine, Tartar Emetic, 
etc.). — Two to 5 grains of tartar emetic have occasioned 
-death, while several drams have failed to produce more than 
great vomiting and alarming general symptoms. Should these 
fail to cause the patient to vomit, one must create this by mus- 
tard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine or pump ; follow with strong 
tea or coffee, solution of tannic or gallic acid, to form insoluble 
tannate. Give demulcent drinks (flaxseed, slippery elm, egg 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 709 

white, milk) ; opium and stimulants in small but frequent doses. 
If the body be cold, apply blankets; faradic current over the 
heart if necessary. Instead of tannin, freshly-precipitated fer- 
ric hydroxide can be used, following with opium or morphine 
for the pain. 

Antipyrin. — See Acetanilid. 

Apocynin. — See Digitalis. 

Arsenic Compounds (Arsenical Fly Powder, Fly Stone, 
Fowler's Solution, Cobalt, etc.). — Unless the poison itself 
vomits, accomplish this with mustard, zinc sulphate, apomor- 
phine, pump or tube. Either wash out the stomach with a large 
quantity of water or give freshly-precipitated hydrated oxide 
of iron, made by double decomposition between any ferric so- 
lution and a solution of either diluted ammonia water, sodium 
carbonate or magnesium oxide, the object being to form in- 
soluble ferric arsenite or arsenate. The ammonia acts as a 
stimulant, the calcined magnesia as an aperient. One may give, 
with advantage, oil, mucilaginous drinks, egg white, and in 
case of faintness, stimulants. If the skin be cold, apply hot 
blankets, and relieve the pain by opium or morphine ; one may 
conclude with a dose of castor oil. 

Aristol. — See Iodoform. 

Atropin. — See Belladonna. 

Barium Compounds. — See Lead Compounds. 

Belladonna (Atropin), Hyoscyamus (Hyoscyamin), 
Stramonium (Daturin), Dulcamara (Solanin), Duboisia 
(Duboisin). — Empty the stomach by mustard, zinc sulphate, 
apomorphine, pump or tube; give strong infusion of coffee or 
tea by the mouth or rectum; also one-half grain of pilocarpin 
nitrate; or, instead, use morphine, opium or physostigmine to 
antagonize the nervous disturbances of the poison. Apply hot 
water to the feet; alternate douches of hot and cold water are 
useful. Give stimulants (whisky or brandy), ammonia to the 
nostrils ; also practice artificial respiration. 

Benzene. — Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, 
apomorphine, ipecac, pump). Give abundant fresh air; hypo- 
dermic atropin (one-sixtieth grain), or tincture of belladonna 
30 to 40 drops. Apply alternately cold- and hot-water douches 
to the chest; practice artificial respiration, and apply a mild 
interrupted current over 'the heart. 

Blue Stone. — See Copper Compounds, under Mercury 
Compounds. 

Bromides. — Give strong coffee, caffein citrate, digitalis; 



yio The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

morphine is the best antagonist, especially for the mental symp- 
toms ; ergot and belladonna are sometimes used. 

Brucin. — See Strychnine. 

Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid. — See Zinc. 

Calabar Bean. — See Physostigma. 

Camphor. — Empty the stomach (by mustard, zinc sulphate, 
pump, etc. ) ; give alcohol or brandy in small and frequent doses 
(best hypodermically) ; either inhalations, alternate hot and 
cold douche ; warmth to the extremities by hot blankets, etc. 

Cannabis Indica. — Treat as in opium, but also in the first 
stages use lemon- juice. 

Cantharides (Cantharidin). — A half dram of powder or 
one ounce of the tincture usually proves fatal. Empty the 
stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac, pump) ; 
allay pain with morphine hypodermically or tincture of opium 
(through the mouth or the rectum) . Give plenty of demulcent 
drinks (barley, elm, flaxseed tea, gruel or pure 'water) but no 
oils or oily emulsion, in which cantharidin is very soluble; 
opium, stimulants, warm baths, cataplasms to the abdomen. 

Carbon Bisulphide. — Quiet the nervous excitement with 
potassium bromide and chloral; support the circulation with 
stimulants ; may vomit with mustard at first ; ammonia to nos- 
trils, warmth to the body, cold douche to the head; artificial 
respiration. 

Castor Beans. — Three seeds in one case, and twenty in an- 
other, have caused death in two and five days respectively. As 
soon as they have been swallowed give an emetic (mustard, 
etc. ) ; later give demulcent drinks, opium to quiet violent symp- 
toms, which resemble those of cholera. 

Cherry-Laurel Water. — See Hydrocyanic Acid. 

Chloral.- — One-half to one dram may prove fatal. Empty 
the stomach (mustard), zinc sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac, 
pump). When the stomach is empty introduce by tube coffee 
(the mouth or the rectum) ; keep limbs warm (friction, mus- 
tard plasters, water bags). Give 2 to 3 drops of 2 per cent 
hypodermic solution of strychnine nitrate every 15 minutes. 
Picrotoxin may be substituted for strychnine. Arouse the pa- 
tient and keep him awake by coffee, caffein, flagellation, shak- 
ing, shouting ; apply ammonia to the nostrils, cold to the head ; 
amyl nitrite inhalations to stimulate the heart; practice arti- 
ficial respiration if necessary. 

Chloroform (Ether, Nitrous Oxide Gas). — Withdraw the 
inhalation at once, lower well the head; pull the tongue for- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 711 

ward so as to admit plenty of fresh air. Use artificial respira- 
tion and heat ; weak current — one pole on the larynx, the other 
on the pit of the stomach. Apply hot and cold douche ; inhale 
amyl nitrite. If the heart has stopped, give several taps over 
that region, inhale ammonia ; give brandy, atropin, strychnine. 
If swallowed evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, 5 
drops solution of apomorphine, pump) ; enema of hot coffee, 
large draughts of water containing sodium carbonate or bicar- 
bonate, and proceed as if inhaled. 

Chlorates (Nitrates — Potassium, Sodium, etc.). — One to 
one and a half ounces are usually fatal in a few hours. Empty 
the stomach (mustard, 4 drams; zinc sulphate, 20 grains; solu- 
tion apomorphine, 2 to 3 drops). Give plenty of water and 
mucilaginous drinks to dilute the poison, opium to relieve the 
pain ; amyl nitrite inhalations ; avoid stimulants that would in- 
crease kidney congestion, but keep warm by hot fomentations 
to the loins. 

Cobalt. — See Arsenic. 

Cocain. — Resembles closely atropin in its general action 
as to pulse, pupils, respiration, sweat-glands and bowels. Give 
one of the usual emetics, then tannin. Morphine is possibly the 
best all-round antagonist ; then in sequence chloral, chloroform 
and ether. Give amyl nitrite to counteract heart depression; 
alcohol and opium to stimulate the heart; should these fail, use 
artificial respiration. One may employ ammonia inhalations 
and caffein. 

Cocculus Indicus. — See Strychnine. 

Codein. — See Opium. 

Colchicum (Wine, Tincture, Colocynth, Elaterium). — 
Fifty grains of the root, a tablespoonful of the seeds, and the 
same amount of root wine have proven fatal. If vomiting and 
purging have not occurred, accomplish the former by one of the 
usual emetics (mustard, zinc sulphate, ipecac, solution apormor- 
phine, 4 or 5 drops of 2 per cent, or pump) ; follow with tan- 
nin, one-half-dram doses, or gallic acid, or strong tea or coffee ; 
plenty of water and demulcent drinks ; opium or morphine to 
allay the pain in the stomach, purging, and to antagonize heart 
depression; stimulants (alcohol, whisky, etc.). Keep the ex- 
tremities warm and apply hot fomentations to the abdomen. 

Colocynth. — See Colchicum. 

Conium (Coniin). — One to 2 drops of coniin is generally 
fatal in one to three hours. Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc 
sulphate, amomorphine, pump) ; apply external warmth (hot 



712 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

wraps, bags or bottles) ; give strong tea, coffee, tannic or gallic 
acid, or any solution containing tannin; stimulants, artificial 
respiration; strychnine, picrotoxin, active exercise; castor oil. 

Convallaria. — See Digitalis. 

Copper Compounds. — See Mercury Compounds. 

Corrosive Sublimate. — See Mercury Compounds. 

Creosote. — See Carbolic Acid. 

Croton Oil. — One-half to two drams have proven fatal in 
4 to 6 hours, although a half ounce allowed the sufferer to re- 
cover in two weeks' time. Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc 
sulphate, apomorphine, pump) ; give 20 drops of laudanum 
every 20 minutes or one-sixth grain morphine hypodermically, 
until pain and purging are abated. Give demulcent drinks 
(elm, flaxseed water, mucilage, milk, olive oil, egg white, al- 
bumin, soup) ; spirit of camphor, 5 drops in milk; stimulants 
(brandy, alcohol, whisky, ammonia) ; warm baths are also 
used. 

CurArin (Urari, Woorari). — Introduced by a wound, and 
if all is not removed apply ligature, suck the injured part, 
washing it out with slightly alkaline solution of potassium per- 
manganate; apply warmth to the loins, plenty of water inter- 
nally, artificial respiration ; 1 or 2 drams of sweet spirit of nitre 
rapidly separates the poison through the urine. The great 
difficulty is in sustaining life by artificial respiration until 
elimination begins. 

Cytisin (Laburnum Seeds). — Induce vomiting and wash 
out the stomach with strong tea or coffee ; follow with enema 
or quick purgative; stimulants; rouse the patient by hot and 
cold douche. 

Daturin. — See Belladonna. 

Digitalis (Apocynin), Scillain (Scillitin), Strophanthus 
(Strophanthin), Convallaria, Scoparius). — A half dram of 
powder or 2 to 4 drams of tincture of digitalis have proven 
fatal, although 1 dram and 4 drams respectively have been taken 
with impunity. Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, 
apomorphine, pump). Follow with strong tea or coffee or 30 
grains of tannic or gallic acid in water. Hypodermic solution 
of aconitin nitrate, 1-200 of a grain may be given, or 5 drops 
of aconite tincture by the mouth ; if this has given good results, 
repeat in 30 minutes ; keep the patient quietly in bed, never al- 
lowing an erect position, as that may cause fainting to death. 
Give stimulants frequently by the mouth, or if vomiting oc- 
curs, by the rectum. When the drug has been in continuous 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 713 

use, opium is the best antidote. Saponin and senegin are the 
best physiological antagonists. 

Dog Bites, Cat Bites. — Suck out the wound well with 
the mouth, wash with a weak alkaline solution (ammonia, 
caustic potash, etc.), then cauterize with lunar caustic. 

Duboisia (Duboisin). — See Belladonna. 

Dulcamara (Solanin). — See Belladonna. 

Elaterium. — See Colchicum. 

Ergot. — Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, 
apomorphine, pump). Give purgative (1 drop of croton oil) 
and assist the action by plenty of warm drinks. Tannic or 
gallic acid may be useful ; after vomiting and purging, admin- 
ister small doses of opium at intervals. Nitroglycerin, 1-50 
ef a grain every 1 5 minutes has been effective. Allow a recum- 
bent position. Apply warmth and friction to maintain the cir- 
culation ; stimulants, amyl nitrite. 

Eserin. — See Physostigma. 

Ether. — See Chloroform. 

Fungi. — See Mushrooms. 

Gelsemium (Gelsemin). — One dram of fluid extract or 4 
drams of tincture are usually fatal. Empty the stomach 
mustard or pump) ; give atropin hypodermically or tincture 
of belladonna by the mouth, 20 drops ; apply external heat by 
rubbing; stimulants (digitalis, ammonia, coffee, alcohol, arti- 
ficial respiration, electricity) ; rouse the patient by hot and cold 
douches. 

Hyoscin. — Similar to belladonna, but chloral is used here 
with great advantage. 

Hyoscyamus (Hyoscyamin). — See Belladonna. 

Ignatia. — See Strychnine. 

Iodine. — Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apo- 
morphine, pump) ; follow with starch diffused in hot water 
or as a paste, or flour in warm water; farinaceous substances 
(arrowroot, boiled rice, thin gruel); demulcent drinks; may 
inhale amyl nitrite and relieve the pain by opium or morphine. 

Laburnum Seeds. — See Cytisin. 

Lactucarium. — See Opium. 

Laudanum. — See Opium. 

Lead Compounds (Lead Chromate and Acetate, Barium 
Compounds). — If acute, empty the stomach (mustard, zinc 
sulphate, apomorphine, pump) ; follow with half an ounce of 
sulphate of magnesium or sodium, or half dram of dilute sul- 
phuric acid ; milk, demulcent drinks. For the pain give opium 



714 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

or morphine ; for lead colic, apply a hot-water bag ; hot fomen- 
tations. If it be chronic lead-poisoning, recognized by a blue 
line (sulphide) along the margin of gums, drop wrist (ex- 
tensors paralyzed), constipation, etc., give iodides to saturation 
(sodium and calcium iodides being best) : sulphurated potassa 
baths (one or two ounces in water). 

Lobelia. — One dram has been known to kill. If the patient 
has failed to vomit, use emetics ; follow with tannin, stimulants, 
strychnine (5 drops of solution hypodermically), opiates. 

Lunar Caustic — See Silver Compounds. 

Matches. — See Phosphorus. 

Mercury Compounds (Corrosive Sublimate, Nitrate, White 
Precipitate, Copper Compounds). — Three to 5 grains of cor- 
rosive sublimate are usually fatal in a half to several days ; one 
ounce of copper sulphate and half ounce of acetate have killed 
in 4 to 12 hours. Empty the stomach (mustard) , zinc sulphate, 
apomorphine, ipecac, pump) ; follow with albumen (white of 
one egg to every 4 grains of corrosive sublimate). Too much 
must not be given lest the precipitate formed by the mercuric 
salt and albumen be redissolved. Now give an emetic— warm 
water with sodium bicarbonate, zinc sulphate or mustard, and 
wash out the stomach with demulcent drinks (flaxseed or elm) . 
If egg white is not convenient, one may use for mercury salts 
gluten, wheat flower in paste form, milk, or chop and diffuse 
in water fresh meat and administer the broth. Morphine for 
pain. For copper compounds also use stimulants; relieve the 
pain with opium or give reduced iron or weak solution of potas- 
sium ferrocyanide ; then potassium iodide until the system is 
saturated to promote elimination. 

Mezereum. — Evacuate the stomach with warm albuminous 
or mucilaginous drinks ; follow with milk, fatty oils, etc. 

Morphine Salts. — See Opium. 

Muscarin. — See Mushrooms. 

Mushrooms (Poisonous Fungi, Muscarin). — Empty the 
stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, pump) ; inject 
at once 2 to 4 drops of solution of atropin, or after emesis give 
tincture of belladonna 20 to 30 drops every half hour; castor 
oil and enema to remove fungi from lower bowel ; stimulants ; 
keep the body warm. 

Nicotin. — See Tobacco. 

Nitrates. — -See Chlorates. 

Nitrobenzene (Oil of Mirbane). — Empty the stomach 
(mustard, zinc sulphate, pump), washing it out with plenty of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 715 

warm water if possible. Give stimulants by the mouth, the 
rectum, or hypodermically ; artificial respiration, which must 
be maintained by weak interrupted currents to the' chest wall. 
Rouse the patient by the douche; hypodermic atropin may be 
useful. 

Nitrous Oxide Gas. — See Chloroform. 

Nux Vomica. — See Strychnine. 

Oil of Bitter Almond. — See Hydrocyanic Acid. 

Oil of Mirbane. — See Nitrobenzene. 

Opium (Laudanum, Morphine, Codeine, Lactucarium, Can- 
nabis Indica). — Five grains of opium and 1 grain of morphine 
usually prove fatal in from 5 to 12 hours; 2 and 3 drops of 
laudanum have killed infants, whereas several ounces have 
failed in case of adults. When the poison has been taken by 
the mouth give at once a solution of potassium permanganate ; 
then empty the stomach, which may be difficult, by pump, apo- 
morphine (10 drops of solution), mustard or zinc sulphate. 
Wash the stomach out well with hot coffee, leaving therein a 
pint or more; keep the body warm with hot wraps, but use 
alternate hot and cold douche to the head. Use hypodermic 
solution of atropin, 2 to 4 drops (i-i20th grain) every 15 
minutes for three doses; tannin and strychnine are also valu- 
able. Apply electricity to chest muscles and artificial respira- 
tion. Keep the patient awake by shaking, flicking with a towel, 
applying cold water over the face and chest, walking between 
attendants; give inhalations of amyl nitrite. Evacuate the 
bladder often to prevent reabsorption. 

Phosphorus (Rat Poison, Matches). — One grain is usually 
fatal in 1 to 5 days; i-ioth grain has killed ; one child met death 
from swallowing two match-heads; another from swallowing 
eight. Empty the stomach (copper sulphate, 3 grains every 5 
minutes until the patient has vomited sufficiently ; zinc sulphate, 
mustard, pump — the copper forming insoluble black phosphide) . 
Follow this every half hour with one dram old (oxygenated, 
acid, French) oil of turpentine, in mucilage or floating on water, 
may also inhale diluted turpentine vapor ; give charcoal or lime 
water to prevent action on tissues ; also a half ounce of mag- 
nesium sulphate in a glass of water as a cathartic. Potassium 
permanganate, opium, and egg white may be of service, but 
never use fats or fatty oils, as these dissolve phosphorus, thus 
aiding its absorption. It is mostly eliminated by the urine, 
hence the bladder should be frequently evacuated. 



/i6 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Physostigma (Calabar Bean, Physostigmin, Eserin). — 
Six seeds have killed. Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc 
sulphate, ipecac, apomorphine, pump) ; hypodermic atropin, 
i-6oth grain, until pupils dilate. Should this fail, give chloral, 
10 grains every 15 minutes, or hypodermic strychnine, I-I2th 
grain. Diffusible stimulants, coffee, alcohol, etc., are used and 
artificial respiration should be induced if necessary, and empty 
the bladder often. 

Phytolacca. — It acts per se as an emetocathartic, hence 
after the vomiting give stimulants, alcohol, ether ; opium, digi- 
talis. 

Picrotoxin. — See Strychnine. 

Pilocarpus: (Pilocarpin). — Evacuate the stomach; follow 
with hypodermic atropin, i-6oth grain, or tincture of bella- 
donna, 20 drops every 20 minutes until pupils are dilated ; may 
give tannin. 

Platt's Chlorides. — See Zinc Compounds. 

Potassium Bichromate and Chromate. — See Chromic 
Acid. 

Potassium Nitrate.— See Chlorates. 

Prussic Acid. — See Hydrocyanic Acid. 

Resorcin. — See Carbolic Acid. 

Savin (Sabina — Oil and Tops; Tansy). — If not yet vom- 
ited and the throat not inflamed, evacuate the stomach with 
mustard, zinc sulphate, ipecac, pump. If the bowels have not 
moved freely, give one ounce of either castor oil or Epsom salt ; 
allay pain with morphine and demulcents. 

Scillain (Scillitin). — See Digitalis. 

Scoparius. — See Digitalis. 

Silver Compounds (Nitrate, Lunar Caustic). — Give a ta- 
blespoonful of common salt dissolved in a glass of warm watei\ 
to form insoluble silver chloride ; or use egg white or milk ; fol- 
low with an emetic (mustard), and large draughts of warm 
water; give demulcent drinks (arrowroot, elm, flaxseed, gruel). 

Snake Bites. — Suck the wound and apply to it alkaline so- 
lution of potassium permanganate (may inject this under the 
skin). In severe cobra poisoning, with death threatening, 
bleed at one arm and transfuse blood by the other ; give artificial 
respiration and weak interrupted galvanic shocks to the walls 
of the chest ; inhale and give ammonia by mouth. 

Staphisagria (Stavesacre). — Evacuate the stomach (emet- 
ics, pump, draughts of warm water) ; give tannin, charcoal, 
diffusible stimulants. Keep the patient quiet and the extremi- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 717 

ties warm. Give chloral hydrate, 30 grains, or potassium bro- 
mide, 2 drams ; or better inhale chloroform for the spasms. Use 
all haste, as death is usually caused by asphyxia. 

Stings (Bees, Hornets, Wasps). — Apply ammonia water 
or some alkaline solution to the part stung; extract the sting; 
use stimulants, if necessary. One may apply an onion to the 
part, but this is not as good as ammonia. 

Stramonium. — See Belladonna. 

Strophanthus (Strophanthin). — See Digitalis. 

Strychnine Salts (Brucin, Ignatia, Nux Vomica, Picro- 
toxin, Cocculus Indicus). — Thirty grains of nux vomica and 
3 grains of alcoholic extract have each killed; one-half to one 
grain of strychnine is usually fatal in one-quarter to three 
hours. Remove the patient from all noise, quickly empty the 
stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, 4 drops of solu- 
tion) ; give tannin, charcoal, iodide of starch. Place the patient 
under chloroform, ether or chloral, a half dram, and potassium 
bromide 1 dram, thus keeping up gentle narcosis several hours 
if necessary; inhale amyl nitrite. If spasms threaten respira- 
tion, induce it artificially; empty the bladder often. 

Tobacco (Nicotin). — Concentrated enemas and large 
quantities of powder kill in a very few hours; 15 to 60 minims 
of nicotin fatal in one to three hours. If the patient has not 
already vomited the drug, empty the stomach by mustard, zinc 
sulphate or pump ; give plenty of water ; keep the patient lying 
down; inject a solution of strychnine nitrate, i-25th grain, or 
give half dram of tincture of nux vomica by the mouth ; stimu- 
lants, brandy, whisky, chloric ether, etc. ; keep the body warm, 
but apply a cold douche to the head ; tannin and astringent so- 
lutions may be given. 

Tansy (Oil, Leaves and Tops). — One to 4 drams of oil usu- 
ally kill. See Savin. 

Tartar Emetic— See Antimony Compounds. 

Tin Compounds. — Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc 
sulphate, ipecac, etc.). Give milk of calcined magnesia; de- 
mulcent drinks (elm, flaxseed, etc.) ; 20 drops of laudanum if 
there is much pain. 

Turpentine. — Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, 
ipecac, apomorphine, solution 3 to 4 drops, pump, tube). If 
there is no purging give enema, plenty of water and demulcent 
drinks to eliminate it by the kidneys. Apply hot fomentations 
to the loins ; allay the pain with opium. 



718 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Veratrum Viride (Veratrin, Sabadilla, Veratrum Al- 
bum). — Evacuate the stomach (unless the veratroidin constit- 
uent has ejected itself by causing vomiting), by mustard, zinc 
sulphate, ipecac or pump. Give recumbent position, head low- 
est ; dry warmth to body, wraps, blankets, etc. ; give hot coffee 
by the mouth or the rectum; tannin, diffusible stimulants, al- 
cohol, brandy, whisky, ammonia; morphine, electricity, arti- 
ficial respiration ; atropin antagonizes the cardiac depression. 

White Precipitate. — See Mercury Compounds. 

Zinc Compounds (Sulphate, Chloride, Burnett's and Piatt's 
Solutions) . — One and a half ounces of zinc sulphate are usually 
fatal in about 12 hours. Should the patient not vomit, use 
plenty of warm water containing carbonate or bicarbonate of 
sodium or a tablespoonful of mustard; follow this with white 
of egg and milk ; solution of tannin or strong tea to form insol- 
uble tannate; allay the abdominal pain by hot fomentations, 
morphine or opium (20 drops of tincture). 

Canned food, whether it be vegetable, fish, meat or fowl, 
is unfit for human food, being loaded with the toxins of bac- 
teria, their use being the cause of poisoning and many of the 
sudden deaths so common. There is a danger in diet. 

Many cases of death are now traceable to septicemia, due to 
the wearing of undergarments dyed with poisonous anilin 
coal-tar dyes, producing dermatitis, eruptions and poisoning. 
Anilin black and red are most inimical to the skin when ab- 
sorbed, producing violent inflammation and special types of 
poisoning. It is not alone the dye, but the fixing products that 
are exceedingly poisonous, such as bichromate of potassa and 
arsenic. 

Some of the gastric and diarrheal troubles which prevail 
during the summer months may possibly be traced to a cause 
which is generally overlooked. Hotel and restaurant keepers, 
caterers, etc., buy meats, such as beef, mutton, poultry, etc., in 
large quantities for the sake of convenience and economy, and 
store them in ice-houses for future consumption. While the 
cold-storage method may not appreciably injure the food value 
of meat within the first twenty- four to forty-eight hours, when 
kept, as it often is, for days, and even weeks, the flesh softens, 
and cooking cannot render wholly innocuous the poisonous pto- 
mains generated by slow decomposition. At any rate, the sub- 
ject of cold storage is one well worth looking into by sanitarians 
and all those who are interested in maintaining the public 
"health. It should be ascertained by experiment and analysis 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 719 

-exactly how long meats may be kept by cold storage without 
affecting their value as foods, and the results of the investiga- 
tion published- as a guide to the people in this matter. 

The adulteration of all food and drink should be rigidly for- 
bidden by law. It has been recently found that there is a poi- 
sonous body in all wines and beer, which causes cirrhosis of 
the liver, and that toxical agent is sulphate of potassium. Un- 
fortunately, an accurate chemical analysis of the stimulating 
drinks of the various countries and of their peculiar adultera- 
tions is a-wanting, but it is certain that in the agents enumer- 
ated we find that they all produce cirrhosis; whereas in the 
brandy- or whiskey-consuming races typical cirrhosis is un- 
known. Alcohol, no doubt, sets up fatty degeneration in the 
liver cells, but does not produce cirrhosis, so alcohol should 
not be incriminated as a cause. 

As a nation of beer and wine drinkers, constantly imbibing 
this poison, a large percentage of it in every glass consumed, we 
have an eating ulcer in our abdomen, hepatic cirrhosis, which, 
if caught in season, may be cured by the administration for a 
few months of the ozonized extract chionanthus and occasional 
doses of periodate aurum, if the cause of it is discontinued. 

POLYPI. — Pear-shaped excrescences are of frequent occur-: 
rence in the hollow organs of the body, among the tubercular, 
syphilitic, cancerous, the common varieties being mucous, 
fibroid and malignant. 

Their diagnosis is easy, but their treatment by excision, 
caustics, torsion, ligation, seldom effective in preventing their 
recurrence. Seeing this is the case, we may naturally ask, Is 
there any efficacious, either local or internal, means for their re- 
moval or the prevention of their recurrence? 

The ozonized oil of thuja, administered internally and ap- 
plied locally, is an effective remedy in either of the three forms 
in which it is usually met. 

Painting the root or pedicle of a nasal polypus once or twice 
daily it at once begins to shrivel up, die and slough off. Thor- 
ough cleansing of the vagina in uterine polypus, followed by 
saturating a piece of lint with the oil of thuja and inserting it 
against the uterine neck, any polypoid growth will wither and 
drop off. The use of the oil of thuja suppository will speedily 
clear the rectum of such. The remedy is a success, no matter 
where situated or parts implicated, even inaccessible, or where 
there is a high degree of malignancy, the oil of thuja will do its 
work. 



720 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Nasal Polypus. — This is supposed to originate in some 
constitutional defect, as tuberculse, the exciting cause being 
some irritation, as scratching, pulling hairs, snuff and other 
irritants. 

There are three varieties, each of which is found protruding 
from the mucous membrane — gelatinous, fibroid, malignant. 
The gelatinous may be slate-colored, like an oyster, or red from 
an excess of blood-vessels, always soft ; the fibroid may be pale 
or red, but hard and compact; the malignant may be either 
medullary or scirrhous ; gelatinous most common. Polypus of 
the nose usually commences from a follicular irritation of the 
pituitary membrane, and gradually enlarges, until it fills up 
one nostril and obstructs the other. It gives rise to headache,, 
a stuffing in the head, and an irresistible desire to blow the 
nose, with no relief in doing so ; mucous or mucopurulent dis- 
charge ; frequent attacks of epistaxis ; sense of taste and smell 
greatly diminished, or even lost; if it presses on the orifice 
of the Eustachian tube, dullness of hearing; articulation in- 
distinct ; deformity of cheek ; obstruction to tears, and perhaps 
pressure on the brain. If the diathesis is permitted to remain, 
they are prone to return after their removal. 

Treatment. — In all cases enforce a rigid constitutional treat- 
ment, and then select the best of the various methods of re- 
mval, viz., excision, ligation, torsion, or destruction by caus- 
tics. The principal objections to excision are hemorrhage and a 
return of the polypus ; ligation and torsion are free from these 
objections, but oftentimes difficult of application, for it is not 
always Ave can pass a ligature round them, and they very rarely 
admit of being seized and twisted. Destruction by caustics is 
slow but very effectual ; various snuffs are used for this purpose, 
as blood-root finely pulverized with sulphate of zinc ; blood-root, 
bayberry, and sulphate of zinc, in proportion to age of patient. 

The ozonized oil of thuja is a perfect eradicator of all polypi. 
It must be given orally and applied locally. 

Polypus of Uterus. — A pear-shaped excrescence attached, 
and growing from the mucous membrane of the uterus. It may 
be in the cavity, on the neck, os, or in vagina, or other part, by a 
pedicle, or root, or stem. 

There are three varieties: (i) Gelatinous, or mucous. (2) 
Fibroid, pale white, covered with mucous membrane. (3) 
Fibroid, fleshy, or placental. The predisposing cause is tuber- 
culae ; the exciting cause, irritations, as abortions, masturba- 
tions. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 721 

Symptoms. — Either profuse menstruation or irregular at- 
tacks of uterine hemorrhage, or a dribbling all the time, or 
-even excessive flooding; leukorrhea very profuse. If polypus 
is large, there may be irritation of the bladder and rectum by 
pressure. The same condition is likely to give rise to bearing- 
down or expulsive pains, coming on by spells, or worse after 
exercise. The continued loss of blood is a heavy drain, and 
.gives rise to debility, loss of flesh in proportion to the amount 
of loss. The polypus can easily be detected in the uterus by 
the sound, or, if on the neck, os, or vagina, by finger and specu- 
lum. 

Treatment. — If the polypus is in vagina, or on the neck, or 
os, any of the following methods of treatment can be resorted 
to : It can be excised, and bleeding arrested with a sponge, 
proper size, saturated with perchloride of iron ; it can be ligated, 
and allowed to slough off; torsion can be used, that is, it can be 
turned a little every day, thus impeding its circulation, strangu- 
lating it, and allowing it to slough off; or the chain of the 
ecraseur can be applied round it and crushed; or, if it can be 
brought into a speculum handy, the ozonized chloride of chro- 
mium can be applied, and cause its instant death without a 
particle of pain, or perhaps the best method is the application 
of the oil of thuja locally and internally. 

If in the cavity of uterus, the os uteri must be dilated, and 
it may then either be snipped off or ligated. 

In order to prevent a recurrence, a three months' course of 
oil of thuja. 

Of all the different polypi polypus of the uterus is the most 
common. The ozonized oil of thuja is an infallible remedy for 
the removal of all polypi usually found in the hollow organs of 
the body; administered internally and, if practicable, applied 
locally. 

The fact that uterine polypi grow rapidly during the period 
of gestation constitutes not a desirable complication, and it is 
iDest to get rid of the polypus as soon as discovered. There may 
"be, and very likely is, a hemorrhage when a polypus is situated 
at the neck of the uterus and protrudes into the vagina. This 
menorrhagia may occur during pregnancy and lead to bad re- 
sults, later on may interfere with labor. It makes little differ- 
ence where located in the genital tract ; dangerous complications 
are liable to take place. 

When discovered, whether its pedicle be large or small, ad- 
minister the ozonized oil of thuja. The remedy has no effect 



7 22 



The Germicide 20th Century Practice 



upon the uterus. No other remedy is of any avail, no other 
treatment is necessary to cause its complete exfoliation. 

Polypus of the Rectum. — These growths are common 
among those of a tubercular diathesis, brought about by irrita- 
tion. They are usually either soft, gelatinous or villous, or of 
the fibroid form. 

Symptoms. — Uneasiness about fundament; frequent desire 
to go to stool ; mucous discharge, tinged with blood. There is 
more hemorrhage in the villous form; they often protrude 
when bowels are moved. 

Oil of thuja internally, oil of thuja suppository one every 
three hours. 

POWDER MARKS. — Among the unpleasant accidents in- 
cident to patriotic demonstrations in commemoration of our 
nation's natal day is that of burns and powder marks due to 
Carelessness or premature ignition of the common black pow- 
der, unconfined, or the explosion of fireworks and the discharge 
of toy cannons in close proximity to the faces of small boys. 

Few accidents are more painful, and unless promptly treated 
they leave the patient marked for life in a very unsightly man- 
ner. 

In presenting the following mode of treatment, we hope that 
those who have an opportunity to try it will find that it proves 
as efficacious as it has under our observation. 

When called to a case have the patient put in a recumbent 
position and cover the area affected with gauze. If the face is 
the seat of injury allow for the mouth and nostrils. Cover the 
gauze with absorbent cotton saturated with sweet milk, which 
should be freely replenished so as to keep the parts thoroughly 
bathed for from five to ten hours, according to the severity of 
the case, after which time remove the cotton and gauze and 
wash the affected part with a warm, normal salt solution. 

This will dissolve and remove a large number of the grains 
of powder, and many others may be picked out, but some will 
remain more deeply imbedded in the integument. 

To these apply a small drop of croton oil with a toothpick or 
other instrument, being careful to prevent its spreading over 
unaffected areas. 

Give strict instructions not to wash or rub the areas thus 
medicated, and in two or three days small pustules will have 
had time to form and dry into scabs, which will, in a majority 
of cases, contain the offending grain of powder. These scabs . 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 723 

may now be removed, and if carefully done will not leave any 
scars. 

Should any be left after this treatment, pick the spot with 
some sharp-pointed instrument and apply the oil a second time, 
which will effectually remove every trace of the discoloration 
produced by the powder. 

PREGNANCY. — Conception consists in the fertilization of 
the ovum or egg of the female by the spermatozoa of the male 
in the ovaria; then fecundation takes place. There must be a 
union of the two materials furnished by both sexes ; that is, the 
spermatozoa must unite with the egg in the ovary and fertilize 
it; and the embryo results from this union. The spermatozoa 
is ejaculated into the vagina ; the uterus, by inhibitory action 
and vermicular movements, takes it into its cavity, and passes it 
along the Fallopian tubes to the ovaries. It may occur without 
the patient being conscious of its occurrence or against her will. 
The most favorable period for conception to take place is either 
before or after a menstruation. After the ovum is impregnated 
it increases in size and becomes prominent on the ovarium ; then 
absorption of its peritoneal coat takes place ; and when free, is 
seized by the fimbriated extremities of the Fallopian tube and 
carried into the cavity of the uterus. 

The ovum, as a general rule, is found in the uterus twenty 
days after the impregnation, sooner or later. 

After the exfoliation of the ovum from the ovary an effusion 
of blood takes place into the cavity in which the egg was im- 
bedded, and this is followed by a corpus luteum. 

The human impregnated egg is very small, about the size of 
a dwarf pea. When impregnation takes place the internal os 
uteri becomes closed by a soft, gelatinous substance, and the 
internal lining membrane of the uterus throws out a flocculent 
or downy substance, which fills its cavity entirely. This is 
called the membrana decidua, and into this downy bed the 
ovum drops when it makes its exit from Fallopian tube, and, 
if not disturbed, will form its attachment near the point of 
ingress, and cause a growth of that part with which it comes 
in contact, and is called the decidua reflexa. So that the decidua 
is now divided into that portion lining and in contact with the 
uterus, called the decidua vera, and the other portion called the 
decidua reflexa. 

The embryo then becomes covered with two membranes — 
the chorion and amnion. The amnion is an internal lining 



724 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

serous membrane, which furnishes a fluid for the protection of 
the embryo — allows space, facilitates motion and development 
of the fetus, and wards off shocks, jars, concussions. The 
chorion, or outside covering, furnishes a means of communica- 
tion with the uterus. 

The ovum, after its establishment within the uterus, consists 
of the decidua, decidua reflexa, chorion, amnion, liquor amnii, 
fetus, and umbilical cord, with one extremity attached to the 
child, the other to the membranes at the point of attachment in 
the after-birth. The after-birth, or placenta, is a plexus of 
vessels by which the circulation is maintained between mother 
and child, and by which the latter is nourished. When of full 
size it is from six to eight inches in diameter, and its thickness 
varies from a line to one inch or more at its centre. It has 
two surfaces : one attached to the uterus, which is rough, 
spongy, traversed by ditches, and the fetal side, which is lined 
by the amnion, which is smooth. 

For the first three months of intrauterine existence this twig 
of humanity is termed an embryo, the latter six a fetus. As 
soon as impregnation l^kes place the walls of the uterus become 
greatly infiltrated with blood, which increases the size of the 
vessels from being very small and convoluted to that of large 
and straight ; the muscular fibres grow with perfect regularity. 
This increase of growth and development for the first three 
month there is a gradual distention of the body of the uterus, 
the uterus is so much that its broad ligaments are unable to 
hold it up, and it descends very low into the cavity of the pelvis, 
often nearly protruding. After the fourth or fifth month this 
difficulty is entirely obviated by the uterus floating above the 
pubes, and at six months it is still higher. After the fifth 
month there is a gradual distension of the body of the uterus, 
which encroaches upon the neck, distending it, merging it into 
the body, and causing it to become shorter and shorter, until, 
from the eighth to the ninth month, it is entirely obliterated ; 
that is, merged into the body. 

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy are divided into rational 
and sensible signs. The rational signs embrace : 

First and second months. A stoppage of the menses, nausea, 
vomiting, flatness of the abdomen, depression of the umbilical 
ring, tumefaction and tenderness of the breasts. 

Third and fourth months. In addition to the above there is 
now a slight fullness of the abdomen, augmented swelling of 
the breasts, prominence of the nipple, and discoloration around 
areolae. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 725 

Fifth and sixth months. The disturbance of the digestive 
organs usually disappear, abdomen becomes well rounded and 
full, and the uterus can be detected above the pubes ; fluctuation 
can be detected; and the color around the nipples becomes 
brown. 

Seventh and eighth months. Abdominal tumor large; dis- 
coloration of the skin of the abdomen common ; often varicose 
veins of the leg, labia, vulva ; vaginal granulations ; leukorrhea, 
pruritus, and real copper-color around nipple ; and suppression 
of the menses through the entire nine months. 

First half of the ninth month. Vomitings liable to reappear ; 
the abdominal swelling is so great that the skin of the abdomen 
is stretched, tense; there is difficulty of breathing; edema of 
feet. 

Last half of ninth month. Vomiting ceases; abdomen re- 
laxes ; uterus descends ; there is less difficulty in breathing, but 
more in walking ; often difficulty of urinating — sometimes sup- 
pression, in other cases an inability to hold it ; often piles ; vari- 
cose veins of the leg; pains in the loins; cramp in the legs, 
colic, etc. 

The sensible signs embrace : 

First and second months. Augmentation in the size and 
Aveight of the uterus causes that organ to descend low down in 
the pelvis ; it cannot be moved easily ; its walls touch the neck, 
which is directed downwards; the orifice or mouth is rounded, 
swollen, and a slight softening of the lips. 

Third and fourth months. The fundus of the uterus rises 
above the pubes, and a rounded swelling can be detected by 
palpation. Making the patient stand up, and putting the 
finger on the os uteri, and lifting it up, it drops suddenly down 
on the finger. 

Fifth and sixth months. The fundus can now be detected 
helow the umbilicus ; there are active movements of the fetus ; 
fetal heart can be detected distinctly — indeed, it is very percept- 
ible. The uterus can be mapped out, fluctuating, rounded ; and 
the lower half of the neck of the uterus is softened, and the 
neck now begins to lose itself in the distention of the body. 

Seventh and eighth months. The increased size of the uterus 
and abdomen ; the fundus of the uterus is three finger-breadths 
above the umbilicus at the seventh month, four or five at the 
eighth; movements of fetus stronger; fetal heart very clear; 
neck disappearing in the body. 

First two weeks of ninth month. The fundus of the uterus 



J26 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

reaches the borders of the false ribs clear up to the stomach; 
fetal heart very strong ; neck of the uterus gone entirely into the 
body; the mouth of the uterus open. 

Last fortnight. Fundus sunk low down ; movements active ;. 
mouth of uterus open, soft, dilatable; the whole cavity of the 
neck becomes confounded with that of the body. 

The entire period of pregnancy occupies nine calendar months 
or forty weeks. Time varies somewhat as to whether concep- 
tion took place immediately before or after menstruation. 

Pregnancy may be protracted in some rare cases; that is, 
.carried out beyond two hundred and seventy-eight days, trie- 
interval between the last day of the menstruation and the ex- 
pected confinement, and at least a fortnight more than this. 
There is no very exact time, or number of days, to which 
pregnancy may be protracted; still, it would be safe to main- 
tain that in no case can it be prolonged over three weeks beyond 
the natural period. 

Development of the Fetus. — Fifteen days after the 
ovum or tgg appears in the uterus it is a gelatinous, 
semitransparent, flocculent, grayish mass ; at thirty days, the 
size of a large ant, and from three to five lines in length ; at six 
weeks, ten lines in length, about the size of a bee, but some of 
the organs, in a very rudimentary state, visible ; at two months, 
two inches long, weighs two ounces, and ossification has com- 
menced at some points; at three months, three and a half 
inches long, weighs three ounces; umbilical cord well formed, 
and genital organs distinct; at four months, five to six inches 
.long, weighs from four to five ounces; at four and a half 
, months, quickening, or motion is felt by the mother, or by plac- 
ing the cold hand on the abdomen, and it is now from seven 
to nine inches in length, and weighs from nine to ten ounces ; 
at six months, parts pretty fully developed and weigh from 
one to two pounds, and its length from nine to twelve inches^ 
at seven months, all parts are perfectly developed ; weighs from 
two to three pounds, and in length from twelve to fourteen 
inches, or more, and perfectly developed ; at nine months, 
usually twenty inches long and average weight seven pounds ; 
bones of head firm ; ossification more complete, and all the or- 
gans capable of performing their natural function. 

Some variation in the above, but it gives the general average- 
There mav be several eggs fertilized, so that there may he- 
twins, triplets, or quartlets. Pregnancy may occur outside 
of the uterus, extrauterine ; it may take place in theo vary, and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 727 

the embryo develop there ; or it may be developed in the Fallo- 
pian tube, or in the adbomen, or the ovum may find its way into 
the muscular coat of the uterus and be developed. The con- 
sequences of such are usually serious, causing inflammation, 
ulceration, suppuration, internal hemorrhage, and death to the 
mother. 

When pregnancy takes place, and the woman knows she is in 
that state, she should eat the best of food, take moderate ex- 
ercise, but avoid hard work or any strain, and, above all, keep 
her bowels regular by eating sufficient fruit, or else enemata of 
milk and water. She should make a regular habit of either 
sponging or bathing the entire body once a day. All gloomy 
or idle fears should be banished ; no tales of woe or sorrow told 
in her presence ; her surroundings should be of the most agree- 
able kind, and she should place her trust in the benevolence, 
mercy, and wisdom of her Creator. Her clothing should be 
flannel, next the skin, at all seasons ; she should have abundance 
of sleep, and all symptoms in this state should be managed 
with as few drugs as possible. The sickness of the stomach 
is one of the earliest of all symptoms, and should be treated 
with the plainest bitter tonics. 

The Vomiting of Pregnancy. — The morning sickness, 
with or without vomiting, is one of the earliest and most per- 
sistent of all the symptoms of pregnancy. It is due to a great 
variety of causes ; it may be purely reflex, an irritation trans- 
mitted from the uterus to the co-ordinating chemical centre at 
the base of the brain ; this is the most common kind — a morbid 
enervation, a 'reflex sensation. This is frequently bad, and 
sometimes fatal ; it usually ceases after four and a half months, 
but may continue all the time. It is arrested when the fetus 
dies, or by abortion, miscarriage, or delivery, at full time. It 
is not accompanied by any grave disorder, except deficient se- 
cretion. 

Other cases depend in a great measure upon a catarrhal 
condition of the salivary glands of the mouth, salivation, ca- 
tarrh of the stomach and duodenum, and slight jaundice, and 
those cases are very liable to abort. But there are other kinds 
of vomiting which prove fatal suddenly and unexpectedly, 
without any apparent cause. Vomiting is sometimes due to a 
degeneration of the glands, such as the liver and kidneys, 
which is common in healthy pregnancy and nursing. Like the 
watery blood of a pregnant woman, it is not called a disease, 
but a normal condition. This degenration, however, is dan- 



728 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

gerous to women in a variety of ways. In nearly all fatal 
cases of vomiting, during or immediately after pregnancy, 
there is less or more jaundice or uremia; in these the liver and 
kidneys have suffered, and the fatal result is preceded by leth- 
argy, coma, if not a discolored skin. Here death results from 
a granular degeneration. Even slight vomiting and jaundice, 
with or without albumin in the urine, are dangerous and often 
fatal in the puerperal state. Decided yellow atrophy of the 
liver is only present once in a thousand cases of pregnancy, 
whereas uremia is common once in five hundred cases. Still 
there are a minor class of cases that must be looked upon 
with suspicion. These conditions are not to be laid to pressure 
of the gravid uterus upon either the liver or the kidneys, for 
such does not exist, if at all, until the later months. No defi- 
nite line of treatment can be laid down for any one case. Rem- 
edies must be tried, and if found successful persevered with. 

The recumbent posture should be maintained till one hour 
or more after the morning or other meal. Bowels must be 
kept regular. 

A cup of strong coffee, or caffein, or guarana, could easily 
be tried ; often acts promptly. 

Carbonic acid gas acts as a stimulant to the base of the brain, 
and could be tried in the form of champaign, apollinaris or 
clysmic water, soda water, or tartaric acid and soda. 

Pure stomach sedatives are to be found in the oxalate of 
cerium in five grain doses thrice daily; or in the secondary 
action of ipecac in one-eighth-, not more than one-fourth-grain 
doses thrice daily. 

Pepsin and ingluvin before meals are often of great utility 
in arresting the vomiting, and deserve a fair trial. Whichever 
is selected should be given in large doses ; they often act like 
a charm. There can be little doubt that before meals is the 
best, and in large doses, so that the stomach will make as little 
demand on the anemic nerve-centre for secretion as possible. 

Hot applications over the stomach may be tried. Milk and 
lime-water in small quantities. Bitter tonics, as chamomile 
flowers, columbo, made into a tea and drunk before meals, are 
sometimes of service. 

Depraved Appetite. — An abnormal form of appetite, in 
which there is a craving, or longing, or intense desire, for very 
remarkable substances, as sand, cinders, slate-pencils, chalk, 
clay, coal, sponge, candies, and other articles. 

The primary cause is no doubt one of nervous prostration or 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 729 

exhaustion in the co-ordinating chemical centre in the brain, 
bulb, and cord, brought into activity by pregnancy, uterine ir- 
ritation, chlorosis, masturbation, worms, or some reflex irri- 
tation transmitted to those weakened or anemic parts. 

There is usually associated with it pallor, anemia, mental 
depression, emaciation, colicky pains, diarrhea, acidity, and 
symptoms of nerve-tire or debility. 

The best remedies are port wine and Peruvian bark; bitter 
tonics, as golden seal; moderate exercise and healthy amuse- 
ments, bathing, friction, and other means to improve the health. 

If not pregnant, more active measures should be resorted to, 
as seclusion, rest, massage, electricity, general alterative and 
tonic course for a few months. 

General Symptoms of Pregnancy. — The large propor- 
tion of the symptoms of pregnancy are reflex ; that is, they are 
dependent in a great measure upon some loss of tone, or weak- 
ness of the co-ordinating chemical centre at base of the brain ; 
or impaired vitality of the medulla oblongata, or debility of the 
spinal cord ; and when pregnancy, or any condition of mo- 
lecular activity of the uterus takes place, the excitement is 
transmitted to the bulb and cord directly from the uterus to 
those centres, and thence to the weakened nerves; hence we 
have toothache, salivation, if the nerves of the mouth are 
weak ; nausea, vomiting, headache, heartburn, water-brash, con- 
stipation, or diarrhea, if the nerves of the stomach have 
suffered a partial loss of vitality; or there may be faintings, 
loss of voice, difficulty of breathing, sleeplessness, hypochon- 
driasis, convulsions, difficulties of sight and hearing; chorea, 
epilepsy, and neuralgic pains in the breast or elsewhere. 

Now, with reference to all these and numerous other symp- 
toms, we say palliate them the best you can, and, above all 
things, avoid medication in pregnancy if possible. Most physi- 
cians treat those cases shamefully by pretending to give drugs, 
while they are simply sugar pills, or sugar of milk, so as to 
operate on the credulity of the patient and her friends. This 
is very wrong; it is taking money under false pretence. 

No nitrous oxide gas should be administered for the pain- 
less extraction of teeth, because the nitrate of ammonia, of 
which it is composed, increases the alkaline constituents of the 
blood, and is very liable to cause abortion. The pain of 
toothache can be relieved by the local application of morphia, 
or aconite, belladonna, and chloroform. 

Symptoms of indigestion can be relieved with pepsin or 



730 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

bitter tonics, diarrhea arrested with the opium and tannin pill, 
and constipation relieved by fruit. In cases of loss of voice, 
it can usually be relieved by inhaling the vapor of warm water 
with a little ammonia; fainting or difficulty of breathing can 
usually be ameliorated by some diffusible stimulant; sleepless- 
ness or hypochondriasis, by extract of hops or coca ; and neu- 
ralgic pains in the breast, by heat. 

With Regard to Convulsions, Epileptic Fits, Chorea. 
— The best plan in all cases is to suspend them, and let preg- 
nancy take its chances. When we estimate the devastation 
that these would, if permitted to continue, produce in the nerv- 
ous system of the mother, there can be little doubt about the 
use of our most powerful remedies to prevent them ; and those 
very drugs are abortive in their action, because it is really im- 
possible to treat those fits with success without bromine, 
iodine, potassa, snakeroot. 

Irritable Bladder. — In a large percentage of cases, where 
a pregnant female wants to make her water every few minutes, 
it is due to the presence of uric acid in the urine, which can be 
remedied by a change of diet and benzoic acid, without the use 
of other drugs, that might be likely to injure the fetus or cause 
the patient to miscarry Still, the irritation may be due to 
something adjacent, as caruncle of the urethra; lupoid, or other 
ulcers around the hymen; sympathy from an inflamed uterus, 
rectum, or other adjacent parts; and other forms of irritation. 
If the case is bad, it must be remedied at all hazards, the 
mother's life being paramount in all cases. Mild but efficient 
means must be resorted to, as alkalies, as sweet spirits of nitre, 
to keep urine alkaline ; suppositories of belladonna and opium, 
and general treatment as laid down under that head. 

Menstruation During Pregnancy and Lactation. — 
The appearance of the menses during pregnancy or lactation, 
or both, is to be looked upon as a grave condition, which 
weakens the mother and impairs the vitality of the child, caus- 
ing it to be very tubercular. 

The causes that have rendered this so very common these 
last twenty years are somewhat obscure. Some attribute it to 
the excitement incidental to a state of high civilization, with 
its worry and care ; others assert that it is the influence of the 
modern class of literature, which has wrecked the framework 
of the female organism ; others, to the sewing-machine and like 
occupations; while another class claim it to be caused by sex- 
ual excesses and stimulating diet. Certainly it is some defect 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 731 

of modern civilization, for thirty years ago the condition was 
unknown. Occurring during pregnancy, it is to be carefully 
distinguished from those cases where the after-birth is over 
the mouth of the uterus, when, after the fifth or sixth month, 
there is a bloody dribbling from the uterus daily. 

The appearance of the menses during pregnancy and nursing 
is to be regarded as a weakness or want of vitality of the uterus 
and ovaries, and every possible means taken to arrest it by 
proper treatment. The patient must avoid all excitement; 
take a good deal of rest ; not to use sewing-machine, nor go to 
shows, theatres, balls ; not to read light or fictitious literature, 
but solid history; and avoid other causes. She should eat 
well ; have perfect freedom from worry, care, or work ; take the 
struggle for life easy; and as remedies, the cold-water hip-bath; 
port wine and Peruvian bark, the viburnum compound, the 
mother's cordial, the stylosanthes — one of those remedies taken 
three times a day. The stylosanthes has a most remarkable 
quieting action on the uterus ; although not much used, it is 
here invaluable. Use remedies persistently until it is ar- 
rested. 

Albuminuria, or Dropsy, in Pregnancy. — Bright's dis- 
ease of the kidneys often makes its appearance in pregnancy. 
The question at once strikes one : What has the kidneys to do 
with the uterus? The urinary and genital organs are closely 
connected, so much so that they sympathize strongly with each 
other. True, the dropsy and albuminuria are most common 
after the four and a half months, when the uterus floats up, 
and to some extent, presses on the kidney. Those cases are to 
be looked upon as very grave; they usually involve the death 
of the fetus, by causing a disease of the after birth from the 
watery condition of the blood present, and latterly the death 
of the mother. The usual course of treatment cannot be 
adopted, as it will cause abortion and fatal results. In some 
rare cases, benzoic acid causes a rapid disappearance of both 
albuminuria and dropsy. It is given in ten-grain doses thrice 
daily. Astringent tonics, as port wine and cinchona, or port 
wine and gallic acid, may be tried. 

Pruritus of the Vulva. — The distress that pregnant wo- 
men sometimes experience from itching about the entrance of 
the vagina is often terrible. 

The cause is one or other of two things : either the sugary 
pabulum of diabetic urine, or the alteration in the nutrition of 
the parts from neurosal impairment, or the two combined. 



J2> 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

In all cases there is a fungous organism present, and requires 
the use of a parasiticide. 

Boracic acid is the best and safest remedy. It is well not 
to use it with glycerin, as the glycerin has such a strong 
affinity for water, and often aggravates. A strong decoction 
of poppies or elder-flower water can be used with advantage, 
and they form excellent vehicles for the boracic acid. The 
boracic acid is excellent, but not so soluble in water as the 
plain borax. No internal treatment of any use. The diffi- 
culty disappears as soon as confinement is over, the sugar dis- 
appearing from the urine. 

Eruptions and Excoriations about the Pudendi are 
usually of the character of eczema, and it is also due to the 
saccharine urine dribbling down, and acting as a local irritant ;. 
and when the eruption is once caused, this renders it intoler- 
able and intractable, and excessively irritating in this region, 
and often incurable as long as the pregnancy exists. The 
changing of the diet, forbidding sugar, and using light animal 
food, with eggs, milk, fish, etc., does not do much good. Vase- 
lin or ozone ointment can be smeared over the part three or 
four times a day. It will palliate the irritability at least, which 
is about all that can be done. The difficulty disappears promptly 
as soon as labor is completed. 

Any cracks or abrasions should be treated by an infusion of 
poppies, followed with ozone ointment, which should be used 
freely. 

Piles are usually the result of liver trouble, and must, 
never be treated by sulphur, nux, mandrake, or other liver stim- 
ulants, because those drugs are active abortive remedies. Keep- 
ing the bowels regular with fruit, diet, or senna and prunes,, 
and local cold-water baths, is all that should be attempted. 

A watery or other discharge from the vagina may be re- 
lieved with port wine and cinchona. 

Swelling of the labia is to be relieved with rest. 

Varicose veins of the limbs to be relieved by a bandage or 
elastic stocking during the day, and the limb bathed morning- 
and night, well dried, and then rubbed with extract of ham- 
amelis. 

Cramps in the limbs are to be relieved by rubbing. 

Inability to hold the urine, or retention of urine, is usually- 
due to pressure and debility. Rest and the use of the mother's 
cordial, or the viburnum compound, relieve this difficulty. 

Although we thus deprecate drugging during pregnancy,. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 733 

and recommend palliation and rest, yet it is not good to the 
health of a pregnant mother that she house-up too much. She 
needs gentle, moderate exercise and change, as conducive to a 
high state of mental and physical vigor. She should not ex- 
haust her body by work, nor her brain by worry or study. 
She should cultivate the higher and holier attributes of her 
nature; avoid as much as possible sameness or monotony. 
Avoid literary pursuits above all things, as it wearies the mind 
and arrests brain development in her offspring. 

Undue tightness of the abdomen is best relieved by rubbing 
it with warm olive oil once or twice daily. 

Spurious Pregnancy. — This is a peculiar condition, which 
sometimes gives rise to all the symptoms of true pregnancy, 
even the morning sickness, the suppression of the menses and 
the progressive enlargement of the uterus having a perfect 
resemblance to a genuine gravid uterus. It will even commu- 
nicate the sensation of movement, or tenderness on pressure, 
and dullness on percussion; the breasts may increase in size, 
and even secrete milk, and the progressive enlargement of the 
abdomen may continue for nine months, and the phenomena 
of labor supervene. The pains may even come on and suc- 
ceed each other, becoming stronger and stronger, and latterly 
ceasing by a return of the abdomen to its natural state, and 
perhaps a slight fever. On an inspection of the tumor, it is 
most generally in the centre of the abdomen. The navel is 
more protruded ; there are no striae over the abdomen. On feel- 
ing it with the points of the fingers, the tumor is elastic, and its 
boundaries can be traced easily. It has no connection with the 
liver, spleen, ovaries, or uterus ; no sign of fetal heart or rum- 
bling noises. 

The cause of this phantom tumor is some exhaustion of the 
cord, bulb, and base of brain — a true condition of anemia, ex- 
haustion, and irritation which is transmitted to the diaphragm 
and other abdominal muscles, which causes contraction and 
gives rise to an appearance exactly resembling a body, or gravid 
uterus, or tumor. If there is any doubt about it, place the 
patient under chloroform, when the contraction will entirely 
disappear. In such cases, when carefully examined, it will be 
found that the general health is feeble ; there is great exhaus- 
tion of the nerve-centres, or strong hysteria. We use the term 
because we have no other by which we can describe the morbid 
condition of the cord that is present. There is likely to be 
associated with it irregular uterine functions, dyspepsia, ovarian 



734 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

irritation, or some form of chronic disease. Same treatment 
as for hysteria. 

Deformities and Mutilations. — It may be laid down as a 
general rule that all deformities, such as harelip, club-foot, 
imperfect arms, etc., are due to incompatibility of temperament 
or close consanguinity ; whereas mutilations, monstrosities, are 
due to shocks, frights, impressions, sights made upon the 
mother during the embryonic period, the first three or four 
months of intrauterine life. Probably amputations of the arms 
or limbs may occur later. The prevention of deformities is in 
the hands of the parties entering the matrimonial field, and 
should be regulated by stringent laws ; whereas the prevention 
of mutilations is in the hands of the mother alone; she should 
avoid reading all dime-novels, fictitious literature, going to 
theatres, witnessing the killing of fowls or animals, or of 
seeing, hearing, or feeling, any strange or abnormal thing 
that would be likely to vividly impress her. 

The question is often asked, Is there a microbe in pregnancy ? 
No doubt there is a toxin generated in all cases, either by a 
germ or by changes incidental to that condition. No microbe 
has been as yet found ; nevertheless there is a toxin formed in 
the blood, which gives rise to headache, toothache, perversion 
of appetite, vomiting often severe, uncontrollable albumin ex- 
hibiting damage from a poison upon the kidneys, which ir- 
ritates, lowers nutrition, causes spasmodic constriction of the 
arterioles, either by direct irritation or through the vaso- 
motor centres ; as it passes off gives rise to uremia. The poison 
has defied detection, yet its presence can be demonstrated be- 
yond question. It may be absorbed from the bowels ; the liver 
may be at fault, which, besides its glycogenic function — urea- 
forming function, is charged with neutralizing toxins, which 
find their way into the circulation. Uremia is a retention of 
toxic bodies in the system. Every pregnant woman should 
take daily wine of aletris farinosa ozonized. It is of definite 
and immediate advantage. 

It relieves every symptom, even gastro-intestinal catarrh, the 
mother of intestinal toxins ; it protect the system, imparts tone 
and vivacity to the nervous system, strengthens the heart 
muscles. Pregnancy, or its toxin, bears heavily upon the heart ; 
it is not the strain of labor; there is something else in that 
state prejudicial to a weak heart, depreciating cardiac vigor, 
and that something is completely overcome by a liberal use of 
the ozonized wine of aletris farinosa. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 735 

PRIAPISM. — Erection of the penis, not transitory, but 
permanent. 

1. Priapism observed in infants and children, induced by 
reflex action, in cases of long, light, adherent prepuce, of stone 
in the bladder, or prostatic urethra, and of worms in the rectum. 

2. Priapism in adults symptomatic of stone in the bladder, 
stone in the prostatic urethra, stricture, cystitis, and observed 
during retention. In these cases the uneasy or painful sensa- 
tion is felt in the glans penis, while the body of the organ 
usually is only moderately congested, and sometimes curved 
downward or laterally. This condition disappears upon the 
removal of the cause. 

3. Priapism symptomatic of gonorrhea, with perhaps in- 
volvement of the corpus spongiosum and downward curvature. 
This condition is painful and transitory, and may occur several 
times during the night. In cases of downward curvature of the 
penis, clue to inflammatory engorgment of the corpus spon- 
giosum and spasm of the musculature of the urethra, the term 
chordee is applied. 

4. Priapism due to the ingestion of cantharides is a form 
that is seldom or never seen now, since this drug is so rarely 
used in medicine. 

5. Essential priapism may be divided into four varieties : 
(a) Priapism caused by injury to the spinal cord (either high 
or low down), and by blows or violence inflicted upon the per- 
ineum; (b) priapism which is a symptom of the cerebral or 
descending spinal cord disease ; (c) priapism which occurs after 
alcoholic and sexual excesses; (d) priapism which comes on a 
person in ill health, in whom it is difficult to obtain data as to 
local injury and causation, and in which cases there is now a 
tendency to look upon leukemia as the etiological factor. 

In all cases, irrespective of cause, administer equal parts of 
tincture passiflora incarnata and green root tincture gelsemium ; 
small doses, but very frequently administered until this dis- 
turbing symptom is relieved. 

PROLAPSUS. — The falling or displacement of organs 
from their natural position is not uncommon, in parts that are 
either weakened or devitalized, subject to pressure. 

Prolapsus or Falling of the Rectum is quite common. 
Protrusion of either the mucous or muscular coat of the bow T el 
is due to debility; and produced by straining at stool, due to 
constipation, or the tenesmus of dysentery ; irritation of asca- 
rides, piles, or enlarged prostate. 



736 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

In all cases, the bowel should be immediately returned, if pos- 
sible ; for if not returned it becomes swollen, greatly tumefied, 
and covered with an epidermis. 

If unable to return it the sphincter should be placed under the 
influence of belladonna in the form of a cerate, and if it does 
not act speedily cocain also should be used; once returned, it 
should be kept in position by a pad or compress and a T 
bandage. 

Then the contents of the bowel should be rendered soft by the 
internal use of the fluid extract of juglandis, and injections of 
some astringent, as either decoctions of the witch-hazel or oak- 
bark, or hydrastis, or perchloride of iron, or the following" 
rectal tonic : Take one ounce of aromatic sulphuric acid, one 
dram of sulphate of quinine, dissolve the quinine in the acid,, 
then add sixteen ounces of water. Inject three teaspoonfuls 
twice daily. 

If after a proper course of treatment with these and like rem- 
edies, all fail, the contents of the bowel should be removed with 
castor oil, after which an anal speculum should be inserted and 
through its window seven vertical streaks made at equable 
distances by fuming nitric acid, bowels locked up for a week 
with opium. If perfectly performed this usually effects a 
radical cure. 

Prolapsus of the Womb. — There are three principal 
forms : ( 1 ) simple prolapsus ; ( 2 ) anteversion ; ( 3 ) retro- 
version. 

In simple prolapsus the womb, situated in the upper and 
middle part of the pelvis, is but imperfectly secured in its 
natural position; hence it sometimes descends, so as to pass 
more or less downwards in the vagina, or even protrude beyond 
the vulva. 

Protrusion of the uterus gives rise to distress in both bladder 
and rectum ; bearing down ; dragging in the loins, aching in the 
thighs, aggravated by the erect position. 

In the successful management of such cases, two points are 
essentially necessary to be observed to return the organ into its 
natural position and maintain it there. For this purpose 
strengthen the walls of the vagina, brace up the broad liga- 
ments, improve the general health. 

In all relaxed, devitalized states of the vagina the mucous coat 
is literally swarming with the germs of disease, which give rise 
to an endless variety of leuckorrheal discharges, which, if not 
eradicated, go on weakening this structure ; hence, to a scientific 



and Dictionary of Diseases. j^~ 

-mind, mechanical support is inoperative and injurious, and 
should be dispensed with except in rare instances. 

To strengthen, tone up, promote a renewal of life in the 
vaginal walls and contract the broad ligaments, the remedy is 
the use of the nymphae odorata pastils. By their use all germs 
and leuckorrheal discharges disappear, and there is no use for 
womb supporters. 

To still more effectually vitalize, matricaria comp. before 
meals and the wine of alteris farinosa after meals. 

Practitioners will find it of utility in all weakened states of 
the reproductive organs to produce leukocytosis by the nightly 
introduction by the protonuclien suppository and follow up the 
cure with thyroid extract and c. p. solution of spermin, which is 
the ultimatum of gynecological science. 

Anteversion of the Uterus. — The fundus falling for- 
ward. Rare. Those of pressure of urethra or rectum ; tumor 
in anterior wall of vagina; with retention of urine, and con- 
stipation. Vesical calculus; retroversion; pelvic tumors; 
ovarian tumors. 

Retroversion. — The fundus falling backward, the cervix 
impigning against the urethra ; in less degree, the fundus being 
only tilted back, termed retroflexion. Derangement of men- 
struation; aching pains in loins and back; tumor in posterior 
wall of vagina. Dyspepsia ; hysteria ;• retention of urine ; con- 
stipation. 

Diagnosis. — Tumor in pelvis; ovarian disease; anteversion; 
ascites. 

Both conditions must be rectified by mechanical support. 

Inversion of the Uterus. — The organ descending, and 
turned inside out; (i) partial; (2) complete. May occur im- 
mediately on delivery ; a few days after parturition ; or grad- 
ually, from weight of a uterine tumor; sudden and alarming- 
exhaustion ; paleness; pulse rapid, small and fluttering; vomit- 
ing; often violent uterine contraction, as if to expel a second 
child ; globular, elastic tumor in the vagina, or protruding from 
the vulva ; in the gradual form, symptoms less marked. Seq ; 
Exhaustion; fatal hemorrhage; cystitis; gangrene of the in- 
verted portion ; sloughing. Polypus ; uterine and vaginal pro- 
lapses. Fatal, unless speedily reduced. This must be done 
by gradually returning the superior part, by grasping it with 
the hand, and making the rest follow. 

PROSTATE GLAND. — In inflammation of the substance 



738 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

of the prostate, besides the symptoms of granular prostatitis, 
there are aching or stabbing pains in the anus, sacrum, or per- 
ineum ; pain at the suprapubic region is a common sign. There 
are also radiating lumbar or femoral pains after exercise or long 
journeys, languor, malaise, or depressed spirits. Increased 
frequency of micturition is often absent ; when present, it is felt 
by day, not by night. The flow of the urine is altered by delay at 
the beginning, which may amount to retention. Dull pain after 
micturition, sometimes spasm at the end of the flow, with a 
sense of more to come, are complained of. In cases of long 
standing, micturition during sleep is a symptom, — constipation 
is almost invariable. When the congestion is great, there is 
pain during defecation and between the acts a sense of weight 
at the anus or in the perineum. Pain in the testes when it oc- 
curs is simply a neuralgia. There is constantly hypersecretion 
of mucus. 

In some patients, the organ recovers its natural condition in 
a few weeks ; but usually the disease drags on a course more or 
less wearisome; thus the termination is very uncertain. Re- 
lapses are almost sure to follow if the patient exceed in his diet 
or regime. In relapses small abscesses often collect in ob- 
structed ducts, which usually empty themselves through a duct 
before accumulating much. Sometimes the inflammation 
spreads to the parenchyma, and the prostate then becomes un- 
yielding to the touch, hard and sensitive. The enlargement 
of the organ may last long. The increase in size may be sym- 
metrical, or only affect one part, giving the sensation of ir- 
regularity or lobular form when felt by the finger. In course 
of time, the nodules may disappear, and the organ regain its 
natural size, or even shrink below it, and feel quite firm and 
smooth. 

The treatment of all forms of prostatitis is always obstinate 
and tedious — of the many remedies in use, few are trustworthy. 
General treatment assists the local remedies. General altera- 
tive and tonic course. If the cause of the inflammation be 
due to sexual excesses, the introduction of bougies, cyclism, 
gonorrhea, insist upon rest and the general treatment of inflam- 
mation. 

The prostate is a purely sexual gland, coining into activity 
at puberty, liable to damage from many causes, hence a diseased 
prostate is the most common of all maladies incidental to the 
male. 

Irritation, effusion of lymph into its structure, its organiza- 
tion into fibrous tissue, excessive growth, hypertrophy. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 739 

It is superfluous for us to state that masturbation, imperfect 
coition, withdrawal in the act of ejaculation, congress with 
women of the town, sexual incompatibility, gonorrhea, with its 
common sequel inflammation of the seminal vesicles; bicycle 
riding, sedentary habits, horseback exercise, are most pro- 
ductive of an enlarged prostate; age, with its degenerative 
changes, has now little to do with its approach, for we find it 
common in young and middle-aged men. 

An enlarged prostate gland is a source of much tribulation 
to its possessor ; reflexly the brain suffers ; also all the genito- 
urinary organs — irritable bladder, the evolution of the micro- 
coccus urese, frequent nocturnal micturition, obstruction, etc. 

The relief or cure of an enlarged prostate by oral medica- 
tion is a failure, even with the most efficient remedies ; hence its 
removal by a surgical procedure has been attempted, but few 
survive, as it is an operation of great danger. 

It has been known for many centuries that if the testes were 
removed the prostate gland would atrophy, and all the dis- 
tressing symptoms of hypertrophy would gradually disappear. 
Castration has been tried, as it is an operation comparatively 
devoid of danger to life ; it is thought well by some, although 
it completely wrecks the cerebrum. Once the spermatic cord is 
cut, there is a mental death, the brain fissures of thought suffer 
obliteration; the pulse rate is lowered, never again to be re- 
gained, for intense mental depression, melancholia, mania, 
follow rapidly for want of the internal testicular secretion ; so 
that neither removal of the gland itself nor the testes can be of 
any real benefit to suffering humanity. 

To some extent the intrinsic value and efficacy of the internal 
secretion of spermin can be compensated for by the administra- 
tion of the protonuclein and c. p. solution of spermin and a 
course of direct medication to the prostate per rectum. 

Internally tonics and the best of nutrition, locally enemas 
twice daily of either a decoction of slippery elm or linseed, 
medicated with either boroglycerid or dioxide of hydrogen or 
both ; following these insert a boroglycerid suppository, and in 
one or two hours later insert an ichthyol suppository. The 
action of the boroglycerid on the rectum is sedative, anesthetic r 
the action of the ichthyol is that of a powerful absorbent. In 
two or three weeks there is a great change for the better, for 
there is usually a rapid absorption of organized lymph, a sub- 
sidence of congestion ; cystitis disappears, the phosphatic blad- 
der deposits disintegrate. 



74-Q The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY AND ATROPHY.— 
This occurs in 85 per cent of all civilized men, and is usually 
either the result of prostatitis, cystitis, calculi, excess of uric 
acid or phosphatic deposit, congestion of the kidneys, badly 
cured gonorrhea, strong injections, careless introduction of 
bougies or sounds, stricture, masturbation, wearing condums, 
withdrawal in the act of ejaculation, excess and incompatibility 
or sexual connection with prostitutes, or with women with large 
vaginas, inebriety, licentiousness, dalliance in coition, constipa- 
tion, rectal disease, sitting on the cold earth or stone, or, in 
other words, whatever increases the circulation in those parts 
beyond a healthy standard ; besides, blood-vessels lose their tone 
in the decline of life and under mental strain or worry of a high 
grade of civilization. Besides, in all men of a lymphatic or 
gouty diathesis, in middle-aged or old men there is a natural 
tendency to enlargement from the presence of uric acid and 
lithate of soda in the blood. 

From whatever cause the enlargement may arise, it is pro- 
gressive, and may involve the whole gland, the middle or one 
or both lateral lobes. As a general rule, whatever the cause 
may be which gives rise to it, the middle lobe does not appear to 
suffer so frequently, and is tardy at taking on enlargement even 
when the two lateral lobes are considerably engorged. 

When the middle lobe begins to enlarge it closes up the en- 
trance into the bladder, and presses inward toward the cavity 
of the bladder, putting the internal lining membrane on the 
stretch, and carries with it, by immediate continuity, the in- 
flammation which causes its own enlargement. 

Whatever may have been the original cause, masturbation, 
excesses, gonorrhea, etc., there is an irritation, inflammation of 
the entire mucous membrane from the orifice of the urethra 
to the kidney ; the inflamed state of the lining membrane of the 
bladder and prostate gives rise to irritable micturition, par- 
ticularly as the last few drops are voided and a desire and 
straining to make more, although the bladder is empty or there 
may be but a dribbling, with constitutional disturbance. 

In the majority of cases the difficulty lies with the middle 
lobe, and as this increases in size it projects into the cavity of 
the bladder in the form of a nipple, pushing the membranous 
covering and that in close proximity before it, so as to put it on 
the stretch in the direction from the ureters to the verumon- 
tanum. In its gradual enlargement it loses its nipple-like ap- 
pearance, becoming broader from side to side, and ultimately 
involving the lateral lobes. 



and Dictionary of Disease?. 741 

As the enlarged prostate is located immediately behind the 
orifice of the urethra, every time micturition is performed the 
anterior portion of the bladder is pushed forward, bladder con- 
tracted, retention of urine, never completely emptied, great 
pain; straining efforts at micturition accelerate the progress 
of the hypertrophy. 

As the enlargement progresses, rectum and bladder grow 
more irritable, dribbling, retention ; cavity of bladder distended. 

Revert to the bladder, the trigone or floor of which is highly 
sensitive, contains very few muscular fibres in its composition, 
so that just above the prostate muscular contraction can hardly 
be said to exist. Assuming then that the prostate is irritated, 
that a partial retention of urine occurs from some cause, habit, 
position of the body, loaded rectum, or weakness connected 
with advancing years, the trigone or non-contractile part of the 
bladder becomes prematurely depressed or altered in form, so 
that the person finds himself unable to get rid of the last half 
ounce of urine — the effect will be frequent repeated efforts to 
throw it off; these devitalize the muscles adjacent and render 
them destitute of contractility. 

This condition leads to hypertrophy or thickening of the pros- 
tate and all the tissues around, with an irresistible desire to 
empty the bladder as a constant and annoying symptom. 

The quantity of urine which is retained varies greatly, but let 
it be small or large, a micrococcus urae is generated, a patho- 
genic microbe which breeds freely, acts as an additional irritant, 
tending to greatly aggravate the disease. 

The patient is in constant pain and distress, great constitu- 
tional disturbance, progressive enlargement continues. 

As the seminal ducts open into the urethra in its prostatic 
part, and as these ducts traverse this gland, seminal weakness 
and irritation are invariably present ; so irritation of the pros- 
tate leads to the production of spermatorrhea, impotency, and 
complete retention of urine. 

The secretion from the whole gland is abundant, viscid, ropy. 
Its quantity depends upon the amount of irritation, the act in 
straining ; its tenacity varies ; often has an offensive odor. 

The effects produced on the coats of the bladder by an en- 
larged and still enlarging prostate are thickening of the walls, 
contraction, with its internal lining membrane throwing off 
shreds of the thick, coagulated pus. 

Enlarged prostate with obstruction to the act of micturition 
predisposes to numerous grave affections, as formation of cal- 



74 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

culi when the bladder is unable to empty itself, especially if the 
middle lobe is enlarged and the orifice is blocked up, so that it 
is impossible for urine heavily charged with uric acid, triple 
phosphates to make an exit. 

As a general rule less urea is excreted, hence there is a state 
of uremia existing at all times. The reflex effect upon the 
nervous system is most disastrous, as is exhibited in the mental 
disquietude, irritability and reslessness. 

The facts in connection with uric acid in enlarged prostate 
may be summarized as follows : It is manifest that the uremic 
condition is dependent upon a failure in the proper perform- 
ance of the functions of the kidneys. That, in consequence 
of this failure, certain matters accumulate in the blood and the 
tissues, the most important being uric acid. That the amount 
of the retained uric acid, all things being equal, is propor- 
tionate to the uremic poisoning. That when urea is introduced 
into the blood, under conditions which preclude its elimination, 
it is followed by uremic poisoning. Lastly, that the intro- 
duction of no other excrementitious matter, as far as is known. 
is succeeded by like symptoms. 

The affection is of easy recognition : the frequent and urgent 
desire to urinate and thus relieve the bladder: a scalding in 
urinating; a sense of fullness, weight in the perineum, rectum. 
and at stool, a feeling as if there were some body to pass. Pains 
radiating through the hips and thighs, a constant sense of un- 
easiness about the loins. Besides, the enlarged prostate can 
be felt per rectum. 

An examination of the urine, and also of the residual urine 
which is retained in the bladder, will exhibit the microbes of 
micrococcus ureae, and an intense uriniferous odor. The mi- 
crobe of ammonia in fermentation of urine is ever present. 

The presence of this fungus in the urine indicates an alkaline 
state of that fluid, and is almost invariably present in hyper- 
trophy of the prostate. The presence of this fungus gives rise 
to an increased sensation of fullness or discomfort in the per- 
ineum, increased during defecation, aggravated by standing, 
walking and sexual intercourse. Usually a loss of power of 
seminal emission. 

It is clear that the influence of the testes upon the growth and 
maintenance of the characteristics of the male sex is a property 
independent of their power in producing spermatozoa, and the 
very remarkable fact is established that the spermatozoa-pro- 
ducine facultv of the testes is not necessarv for the vital- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 743 

izing influence which those organs exert upon the rest of the 
body. 

The natural involution of the testes in the aged is unaccom- 
panied by any corresponding change in the system, but if the 
testes in an elderly man be removed, the prostate and accessory 
glands wither, atrophy, disappear, and the mind weakens. 

This idea has been taken advantage of by the introduction 
into surgical practice of the removal of the testes as a radical 
cure for enlarged prostate. As far as it goes the operation is 
a success so far as it atrophies the prostate, but it removes the 
seminal cells which secrete a substance which is reabsorbed, has 
a most remarkable influence upon the nerve-centres, controlling 
growth, nutrition, sex. 

Since the inauguration of the germ theory of disease, there 
has been an immense impetus given to scientific medicine, so 
much so that a complete revolution has taken place, and the 
materia medica has been searched for a remedy to diminish the 
size of the prostate, one capable of completely annihilating its 
growth, of absorbing its adventitious matter. 

To a certain extent success has attended in the production 
of the ichthyol suppository, which if properly managed will do 
the work. 

Patients are naturally impatient; medical men are doubtful, 
often hesitating, but if they could only be induced to enter the 
field with the same positive assurance of success as the surgeon, 
the prestige of ichthyol in enlarged prostate would be a success. 

For the exhibition of this suppository the bowels should be 
flushed, then a cocain or boroglycerid suppository should be 
inserted, preceding two hours the insertion of the ichthyol. 
The cocain or boroglycerid used in that manner produces a 
complete anesthesia of the rectal nerves. Then the ichthyol 
should be inserted. 

Usually in four or five days of its use the patient can urinate 
without the catheter. 

Once commenced, the entire procedure should be carried out 
daily until the prostate has been reduced to its normal size. 

We are opposed to the castration of all our old men and 
many young ones, because the mutilation deprives them of all 
the characteristics of manhood and gives rise to insanity, but 
we are in favor of castration of every epileptic or insane in- 
dividual who is so afflicted as the result of masturbation. 

Use with care, all the necessary precautions, and give ichthyol 
a trial, for it will reduce the size of the prostate, induce 



744 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

atrophic changes which terminate in permanent reduction. It 
effects this by causing the cessation of congestion, by diminish- 
ing the blood through the gland, causing contraction of the 
walls of the vessels, exciting reflex muscular spasm, which 
operates like the black willow bark. 

The present state of our knowledge does not justify us in re- 
moving the testes at the risk of precipitating dotage or mania. 

Hypertrophy of the prostate is associated or caused by stric- 
ture of the urethra, an obstruction to micturition, in which con- 
siderable force is necessary to expel the urine. This causes 
?the muscular coat of the bladder to become thickened, hyper- 
trophied; in which bands of lymph are thrown out, sacs form 
which retain urine. This sacculated condition may extend over 
the entire inner wall of the bladder. These sacculi vary much 
in size, some become capacious, others quite small. Whatever 
~l>e their size, they retain residual urine, which undergoes de- 
composition ; an evolution of the micrococcus urese takes place, 
the toxins of which produce cystitis and other grave symptoms. 
Suppositories of boroglycerid, urethral bougies of iodol; inject 
bladder once daily with ozonized witch-hazel, one ounce to four 
of tepid water, with uric acid solvent internally. 

This is rather a gloomy view in a national point of view, 
because a damaged prostate is the inevitable precursor of a 
diminution of sexual vigor and impotency. 

A normal prostate is composed of fibrous tissue, gland struc- 
ture and involuntary muscular fibres, but in the hypertrophied 
organ the normal proportions of the several constituents are 
seldom preserved. In most cases the fibrous tissue is increased 
more than the glandular and muscular structures, and the organ 
is thus more dense and firm than normal. 

The enlargement may take place in the entire gland ; all its 
three lobes may be equally affected, although it is much more 
common to affect the left side first, and subsequently involving 
the entire three lobes. The extent or size of the enlargement 
varies much, but even a slight degree of enlargement not in- 
frequently causes as much trouble as a more decided hyper- 
trophy. 

The most eminent authority says that when the hair becomes 
^ray and scanty . . . the prostate gland becomes in- 
creased in size, and this irrespective of age. Nine men out of 
:<every ten have enlarged prostate, and one atrophy, ages varying 
from thirty-five to seventy-five respectively, the result of early 
indiscretion, or masturbation, or excess, or perversion of the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 745 

sexual act, or from bicycle riding, horseback exercise, improp- 
erly cured gonorrhea. 

In atrophy, in which we find the gland withered, blighted, 
damaged by contact with lewd women, atrophy gives rise to 
urinary trouble, either a frequency or dribbling, a lack of pro- 
pulsion. 

For atrophy there is probably no better remedy than the saw 
palmetto suppository The rectum flushed, passed, this remedy 
inserted, lying right over the prostate, where it melts, and by 
endosmosis enters the gland, and plays the part of a nutrient 
tonic; at the same time, orally, we must never overlook the 
value of thyroid extract and c. p. solution of spermin as vital 
constrictors. 

Hypertrophy of the prostate gland is now very common, 
nine men out of every ten being less or more affected, and that, 
too, at a very early period of life, about thirty. So early, so 
disastrous to manhood. 

The causes which induce this are masturbation, excesses, per- 
version of the sexual act, wearing condums, gonorrhea. 

Twenty years ago enlargement of the prostate was a disease 
of late life, being rare till fifty-five, more frequently sixty-five. 
It may be enlarged as a whole, or merely one or other of its 
lobes; in degree, small or large, the former not infrequently 
cause as much trouble as the large. In much enlarged pros- 
tates, well-defined tumors are often found, made up of con- 
densed fibrous tissue, varying in size from a pea to that of a 
walnut, commonly encapsulated, and often calculi can be de- 
tected in their centre. 

With all our vast advances in therapeutics, little, very little, 
has been effected for this malady. 

The causes which give rise to wasting of the testes are al- 
most identical with those that give rise to atrophy of the pros- 
tate, — blows on the head, falls on the spine, jars, shocks, con- 
cussions; the toxins of disease germs; the use of acronarcotic 
drugs ; congress with harlots, as a general rule, or with women 
who admit several men; so that atrophy of the prostate, if a 
man keeps a mistress, if he perverts the sexual act or masturba- 
tion, atrophy or blight follows. 

In all cases of partial or complete atrophy, there is always 
a diminished or non-secretion, a complete arrest being the most 
common. There may be no loss of erectile power, but a con- 
dition of priapism or satyriasis is often present. 

If either of those two conditions exist, as large doses as can 



746 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

be tolerated of the green root tincture of gelsemium and ozon- 
ized extract passiflora incarnata, to control this very trouble- 
some condition. 

Otherwise, in the efforts at a radical cure, there must be, for 
several months at least, a complete suspension of all attempts 
at congress. 

The rectum should be flushed twice daily, and after its 
passage, suppositories of pink marrow and saw palmetto should 
be administered alternately. 

Internally, a general tonic course, which should include such 
remedies as damiana and coca et celerina. These are capital 
tonics to the nervous centres which preside over the prostate. 

In addition we have found the animal extracts of great 
efficacy, especially the thyroids, c. p. solution of spermin and 
kephalin. 

An examination of the urine of many thousand cases of 
masturbators and those addicted to congress with courtesans. 
All have their spermatozoa mutilated, broken, dwarfed, in- 
fertile, and in their urethra the micro-organism, the gonococ- 
cus, can be detected. It is a singular but remarkable fact that 
the urine of all insane males contains precisely the same en- 
feebled, infertile semen as that passed from those who practice 
illicit intercourse. All men who have either committed mas- 
turbation, or been frequenters of a brothel, or have worn a 
condum, or practiced a perversion of the sexual act, suffer from 
prostatic trouble, either in an irritated, swollen state of the pros- 
tate gland, during which it becomes enlarged and loses its 
power over the seminal ducts; or the seminal vesicles become 
weakened and permits a weeping or oozing of semen at all 
times, but especially during micturition and defecation. 

Just at this point, if the practice be discontinued, the judi- 
cious use of the saw-palmetto, and black-willow extracts orally, 
and suppositories of the same, will contract the relaxed ducts, 
leakages cease. 

But if the victim pursue his onward career, it not infre- 
quently happens that the muscles of the erectores penis are 
weak, debilitated; the testes loose, flabby and penulous; the 
erectile power impaired and the sexual appetite lost; then, in 
addition to the two remedies enumerated, avena, muira puama 
and kephalin are indispensable. 

Much is both written and spoken of neurasthenia as being 
due to our climate, our highly oxygenized atmosphere, etc. ; but 
let the mystery be probed, and it will be found that much of this 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 747 

impoverishment of nerve force, this quick liability to exhaus- 
tion, is due to sexual perversion. To the same cause can be 
traced the lack of inhibitory or controlling power, feebleness 
and instability of action, and the fatigue and pain which tem- 
porarily follow mental and physical employment. • 

No matter what shape or turn the life current of one of these 
victims take, or what malady may attack them, in their urine 
are invariably to be found dwarfed, mutilated spermatozoa. 

One of the most common of all maladies which attack this 
class of patients is "lithemia," a uric acid diathesis, dependent 
upon exhausted nerve force, chiefly affecting the liver, which 
gives rise to indigestion, constipation, coated tongue, headache, 
with innumerable nervous symptoms, pain in the limbs, itching 
and burning of the skin, neuralgic cramps in legs and abdomen ; 
vertigo, dimness of vision, tinnitus aurium, depression and ir- 
ritability. 

The vesicular seminales are two memberanous receptacles, 
situated one on each side, beneath the base of the bladder, be- 
tween it and the rectum. Their length is usually about two 
inches, and their greatest breadth from four to six lines; but 
they vary both in size and shape in different individuals. Their 
posterior extremities are separated widely from each other; 
but anteriorly they converge, so as to approcach the two vas 
deferentia, which run forward to the prostate between them; 
with the vas deferentia thus interposed they occupy the two di- 
verging sides of the triangular portion of the base of the 
bladder, which lies upon the rectum. The seminal vesicles 
themselves rest upon the rectum, but are separated from it by 
a layer of the recto- vesical fascia, which attaches them to the 
base of the bladder. Their posterior ends lie beneath the open- 
ing of the ureters. 

The common seminal, or ejaculatory ducts, two in number, 
are formed on each side by the junction of the narrowed ex- 
tremities of the corresponding vas deferens and vesicula semi- 
nalis, close to the base of the prostate. From this point they 
pass side by side, through the prostate, between its middle and 
lateral lobes. After a course of nearly an inch, they end in the 
floor of the prostatic portion of the urethra by the valve-like 
slits placed in the verumontanum, one on each prominent 
margin of the opening of the prostatic sinus. 

How many men have damaged and produced chaos in these 
vesicles, it would be difficult to enumerate, but we might 
roughly estimate that every one, who has either had a gonor- 



748 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

rhea or committed a perversion of the sexual act ; or had coitus 
with a courtesan; or been ruthlessly examined for a stric- 
ture ; a horseback or bicycle rider ; or has committed masturba- 
tion; been a reader of our demoralizing literature; these, and 
numerous otker states, irritate, devitalize those vesicles; this 
irritation is reflected to the bladder, rectum, perineum, ejacula- 
tory ducts, prostate, testes, giving rise in all cases to either 
uneasiness in bladder and rectum, or to painful micturition, or 
retention, or painful defecation, with persistent moisture. 

These are precisely the train of symptoms which the ozon- 
ized extract of black willow can and does effectually control. 
In all cases, its internal administration promotes a renewal of 
life in the seminal vesicles — astringing, toning, vitalizing, an- 
esthetizing — the drug is one essentially curative and should be 
used in all cases of enlarged prostate with sterility. 

In can be used in three forms : in the form of the extract, as a. 
bougie in the urethra, and a suppository per rectum. 

If irritation of these vesicles be not subdued, it will destroy 
the spermatozoa and by and by cause persistent azospermia. 

The last fifty years have brought to the attention of all ob- 
serving physicians a peculiar condition of the sexual organs 
confined chiefly to men over thirty, from that up to forty and 
fifty. This consists in a peculiar form of partial or total im- 
potency, with loss of sensibility in the organs — a sort of blight 
of the generative system, with apparently no other effect unless, 
possibly, dyspepsia, prostration in hot weather, or aching in the 
limbs in taking exercise. Well physically, but sexually dead. 
This national early decay arranges itself under two classes : (a) 
overexcitable and ( b ) the paralytic. 

In all forms of sexual decay there is a brain lesion — a central 
diseased spot — from which all the symptoms radiate, which 
will never disappear till this diseased spot is cured. 

Self-abuse, that vile and pernicious practice, so common, 
daily increasing, is sapping our vitals as a nation — is the- 
principal feeder of our insane asylums, the cause of suicidal 
mania, idiocy, and nine-tenths of all diseases. 

This is the vampire which gives rise to nocturnal losses ; silent, 
constant, unseen losses, which do their work in producing vital 
deterioration. Day by day, men and boys walk our streets, 
weak, miserable, emaciated — the secret drain of the nervo- 
vital giving rise to partial death. 

That spermatorrhea, the flowing away of the spermatic fluid 
in the urine after stool, is a frequent symptom of sexual neuras- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 749 

thenia and states of debility; that nocturnal losses weaken the 
spinal cord and brain; partial or complete paralysis of the 
seminal vesicles, functional nervous disease, mental depression, 
morbid fear in all its types and phases, hyperidrosis, nervous 
dyspepsia, heart failure, impoverishment of nerve force, and 
give rise to urethral stricture, granulations, inflammation and 
the performance of the sexual act, associated in all cases with 
sterility. The spermatozoa becomes infertile. 

Abnormal mental states give rise to sexual perversion in the 
married state, which is most disastrous to the genital system. 

The great prevalence of the venereal disease may also be 
enumerated as a cause of national decay. This bacillus may 
give rise to urethral stricture, granulations, inflammation and 
congestion of the mouths of the seminal ducts, giving rise to 
enlargement. 

There is no gland in the body so susceptible of inflammation 
as the prostate gland. 

Excessive walking, riding, masturbation, sexual excess, gon- 
orrhea, give rise to congestion, inflammation. The seminal 
vesicles lie behind the bladder ; the seminal ducts pass through 
the body of the prostate, and open into the urethra, so that a 
very slight irritation of this gland produces seminal weakness, 
loss, impotency. 

One of the surest signs of incipient enlargement in young and 
middle-aged men is having to get up during the night to 
urinate. 

Inflammation of the prostate gland invariably gives rise to 
enlargement, which is peculiar, for as the gland enlarges it be- 
comes stiff, hardened, brawny — its enlarged condition presses 
on and deprives the sexual nerves of their power, paralyzing 
them — giving rise to total impotency. 

The usual remedies are useless, nay, even hurtful. 

The prostate gland must be revitalized, softened, cooled, 
robbed of its inflammation before such remedies as muira 
puama and ambrosia orientalis are of the slightest service. 

Here it is where germicidal remedies do excellent service di- 
rectly applied to the part. Medicated bougies and supposi- 
tories, easily and painlessly inserted into the urethra and rec- 
tum, melt, and as they melt are absorbed, right over the irritated 
or inflamed gland and seminal ducts. This is the most success- 
ful treatment ever brought to bear on enlarged prostate; it 
daily meets with success, and is effecting radical cures in hope- 
less cases. 



750 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Local and direct medication of the diseased parts is of im- 
mense value in all prostatic ailments. 

Now, such derangements are exceedingly common, from 
puberty to old age. 

Every man that has masturbated has a damaged prostate; 
every man who has been guilty of sexual perversion and excess 
has an irritable prostate ; every man that has had a gonorrhea, 
that has worn a condum or rode a bicycle, has a sensitive pros- 
tate ; every man who has had congress with a courtesan has a 
devitalized prostate. 

The reflex effect of an irritable enlarged prostate upon the 
brain is most disastrous ; there is a mental chaos, preoccupation, 
degeneration, or wiping out of the typical fissures ; the loss of 
an important internal secretion, delusional insanity. 

Internal medication is of some value, a general course of al- 
teratives and tonics — to soothe the prostate, green root tincture 
of gelsemium and ozonized passiflora have an excellent effect 
— a full dose at bedtime. 

In the ozonized extract of the saw-palmetto berries, all the 
oil or eleoresin is retained ; by this mode of preparation the 
true medicinal properties are extracted, and we have a perfect 
product — a true vitalizer to the prostate and reproductive 
glands. All other preparations are worthless. 

Another agent that merits attention is the periodate aurum, 
which possesses special power in stimulating the glandular 
system, exciting absorption. The gold combined with iodine 
is an elegant and easily assimilated form, having a direct specific 
alterative action on the prostate. 

Others might be mentioned. 

In the selection of bougies and suppositories for enlarged 
prostate the salix nigra, saw palmetto and idol are the best. 
One every night, or less frequent. 

With regard to suppositories the cocain answers well. A 
still more soothing one is to be found in the boroglycerid sup- 
pository. The ichth)^ol is the best for exciting absorption, 
softening down the gland. A true estimate of the value of this 
suppository can be formed by the fact that each suppository 
has a medicinal power equal to ten grains of iodide of potass. 
The oil of the saw-palmetto berry made into a suppository, in- 
serted into the rectum, melts and runs all over the prostate 
gland; if that gland is irritable it soothes, sedates it, allays 
inflammatory action, tones and strengthens; at the same time 
it revitalizes the sexual nerves, invigorates the erectile fibres, 
contracts the ejaculatory ducts. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 



/ D 



A perfect cure — that is, a perfect restoration to health in all 
diseases of the reproductive organs — is possible with modern 
remedies. 

Spermatorrhea is always complicated with a damaged pros- 
tate. The sexual nerves are weakened ; the enlarged, indurated 
prostate keeps the mouths of the seminal ducts open, and the 
vital fluid oozes away into the urethra, to be swept away in 
urination. This loss tells upon the brain, the entire nervous 
system ; there is no internal secretion, so much is wasted, and 
what there is is thin, watery, destitute of spermatozoa. 

PRUNIA {Ozonized). — Indicated for the cure of tuber- 
culosis, pneumonia, bronchitis, Bright's disease, diarrhea, 
night-sweats, hemorrhages, profuse expectoration, sore throat, 
leucorrhea, vaginal disease and dyspepsia. 

The value of this preparation consists in its containing a 
larger percentage of free hydrocyanic acid, which thus gives a 
full percentage of tonic properties, and it is highly germicidal. 

Dose, from a half to i teaspoonful, every two or three hours. 

PRUNUS VIRGINIANUS.— The bark of the wild cherry. 
Is a tonic, stimulant, and sedative. 

Physiological Action. — As it contains hydrocyanic in a 
natural state, it is sedative to the pneumogastric and vagus; 
hence subdues irritation of the lungs, gives tone to the pul- 
monary tissue, excellent in pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract or, better still, 
prunia, specially prepared, are most excellent preparations. 
Teaspoonful doses. 

PRURITUS. — This may occur in various parts of the body, 
and belongs to a class of nervous affections, the outcome of a 
poverty of nerve. 

It. may be due to a variety of causes and exist at one or all 
the orifices of the body ; most common in and around the anus, 
and invariably there is present the evolution of a microbe 
whether the originative cause be traced to piles, fissure, seat- 
worms, eczema, nerve disturbance, kidney disease, jaundice, 
constipation, inebriety, opium habit, torpid liver, dyspepsia, al- 
cohol, tea-drinking, vesical calculus, smoking, urethral stric- 
ture, uterine disease, diabetes, ovarian trouble or mental dis- 
order. The itching is worse at night, and is often of fearful 
intensity. 



752 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Intolerable itching, burning, smarting, with desire to scratch,, 
aggravated by heat; often associated with pregnancy and 
change of life, apt to terminate in cancer; nothing is visible- 
to the eye, being a local neurosis; in other cases prurigo and 
eczema are present. 

Several times daily wash the parts with a hot solution of 
ozonized boroglycerid and morning and night inject the rec- 
tum with four ounces of warm water to which five grains 
periodate aurum are added. This latter remedy, either in enema. 
or ointment, is one of the very best applications in pruritus. 
Better by far than either chloral, bichloride of mercury or 
formalin. 

Pruritus of the vulva ; wash out the vagina with a solution 
of borax, one tablespoonful to the quart of tepid water, adding^ 
to it the same quantity of peroxide of hydrogen. Use promptly 
with a fountain syringe; then assume the recumbent position 
and insert one aristol pastil. Uusually curative. 

Treat as general neurasthenia, by coca and kephalin ; afford 
relief by doses of chloral hydrate; try first a strong lotion of 
boroglycerid, then hamamelis; these failing, use rose-water, 
half pint ; borax, half ounce ; alcohol, two ounces ; camphor, one 
dram. Mix. Thymol jelly most effective, sulphate soda, 
general alterative course, saxifraga. 

PSOAS ABSCESS. — An abscess which is a result of carious 
disease of the bodies of one or more of the lower vertebral 
bones. The abscess forms, and, owing to gravitation and 
pressure, finds its way into the psoas muscle lying in front of the 
spine. The muscle becomes absorbed, and the abscess burrows 
its way downwards, generally pointing at the surface in the 
groin, but it may find its way into the leg, and burst through 
the skin behind the knee, or even in the foot. 

Treatment. — Rest in a recumbent position. Opening of the 
abscess. Inject it daily with peroxide of hydrogen 16 vol. solu- 
tion ; give internally echinacea and c. p. sol. spermin. 

PTERYGION. — As a final result or repeated irritations, or 
inflammation of the conjunctiva, the blood-vessels of the inner 
or outer corner, or canthus of the eye become relaxed, con- 
gester, and become varicose, forming a triangular, fleshv 
excrescence on the conjunctiva. Vessels can be hooked up and 
snipped off, but a better plan is to touch or brush over the di- 
lated vessels with aromatic sulphuric acid, once, twice, or more 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 753 

times a week; and if that fails, a solution of nitrate of silver, 
forty grains to ounce. 

PTOMAINS. — We have read much concerning the mys- 
terious poisons knows as ptomains; yet we know very little 
concerning them or how they put in their destructive work. 
The impression generally prevails that the so-called ptomains 
are generated by some mysterious chemical influence on the 
food itself, and subsequently transferred, when eaten, to the 
living body. But this opinion has undergone considerable 
change of late years, the more advanced schools now teaching 
that death by ptomain poisoning is caused by the production 
of alkaloid in the stomach and intestines. The first important 
investigation into this kind of poisoning were made in 1885. 

Ptomains are supposed to be the result of the decomposition 
of albuminous substances, deprived of air, and producing living 
germs, which consume the human tissues, but they are not 
necessarily deadly in their poisonous influences, though they 
frequently are. Ptomain poisoning seems to have grown 
in frequency with the progress made in the business of canned 
meats as food supplies ; a further study of the question seems 
to be called for in the interest of health and hygiene. 

Recent investigations show that ptomains are the produc- 
tions of animal putrefactions, alkaloid in their nature, resem- 
bling the vegetable alkaloid, strychnine. They are present in 
tainted meat, fish, cheese, ice-cream once frozen and refrozen, 
and in every can of animal food. Much variety exists in their 
toxical properties. 

They are formed in the living body in all deviations from 
health, in indigestion, when the tissues break down, in excessive 
labor, and produce auto-intoxication. Usually they are elimin- 
ated by the depurating organs. In the evolution, growth and 
sporulation of the germs of all contagious diseases, they are 
the products of bacterial life, and if elimination by the lungs, 
skin, kidneys, bowels do not keep them from accumulating the 
individual may die. Much of the sick headache we hear of is 
due to ptomain formed from albuminous elements of food. 

It is these alkaloid poisons which create so much auto-in- 
toxication. A few grains of chlorate of carbon added to tepid 
water as a mouth-wash, then five grains in a glass of water, 
kills many bacteria, freshens and cleanses the blood, antagonizes 
many ptomains. 

The toxical principle evolved by nearly all the pathogenic 



754 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

microbes has the strongest possible affinity for the nervous sys- 
tem, and once imbedded in that tissue, completely paralyzes it. 
We see this illustrated in the toxins of diphtheria, typhoid 
and others ; and indeed it is no unusual thing* when the gonococ- 
cus is in the urethra (gonorrhea) to have the superficial 
nerves of the urethra, and prostate, the extensive nervous plexi 
that reflexly excite erections, completely under the influence 
of- the ptomain. This explains how men perfectly potent before 
the attack of gonorrhea all at once become temporarily im- 
potent, especially of the micrococci have penetrated back to the 
prostate, bladder and testes. 

PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS.— These are of different 
kinds, the original cause in them all being an irritation trans- 
mitted to the nervous centres. For treatment, it is a good plan 
to divide them into two classes — those in which there is anemia 
of the brain, and those in which congestion predominates. 

In both forms, turn and deliver with all speed, if the mouth 
of the womb is dilatable. 

If due to anemia, hypodermic injections of porphia; lobelia 
enemata, and very nourishing drinks; or use inhalations of 
chloroform or chloral hydrate, with the hypodermic injec- 
tions. 

If due to congestion, enemata of lobelia, active purgation, 
hyscymus, bromide of potassa; heat to feet, stimulants to 
nape of neck, cups ; all failing, administer either by mouth or 
rectum the antispasmodic mixture, which is a safe and always 
efficacious remedy. A division of the class thus enables you 
to meet them with great promptness. 

PUERPERAL ECLAMPSIA.— Convulsions, with loss 
of consciousness, unconnected with any grave cerebral or spinal 
lesion, occurring in parturient women. The frequency of its 
occurrence is one in every two hundred and sixty labors ; it may 
vary some among different women in peculiar grades and po- 
sition in life. They may come on the day after impregnation, 
and at any intervening period during pregnancy ; still they are 
most commonly met with just before labor commences, or dur- 
ing and after it, and the largest proportion, 93 per cent, syn- 
chronous with parturition. 

Although there is no aura or warning there is likely to be 
languor, lassitude, debility, headaches, disturbance of vision, 
flashes of light before the eyes, amblyopia, amaurosis, ringing- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 755 

in the ears, difficulty of breathing; tingling, numbness in the 
limbs; epigastric pain; steady diminution of urea eliminated, 
invariably associated with albuminuria, which is always present 
before, during and subsequent to the attack. 

Fifty per cent of all the fetuses that die before delivery are 
usually poisoned by the same causes which produced the 
eclampsia in the mother, or are asphyxiated on account of defi- 
cient oxygenation of the blood, or a too early separation of the 
placenta. 

Complete recovery may take place, or death may occur in 
spite of the best treatment and most approved remedies. Super- 
saturated poisoned blood leads to heart failure, gradual as- 
phyxia, lung congestion, puerperal sepsis due to infection. 

Puerperal convulsions are nothing more nor less than tox- 
emia, the retention of poisons in the blood, which are usually 
eliminated by the kidneys. 

The source of the toxic principle is elaborated in the kid- 
neys ; the failure to eliminate is there. The toxicity in the blood 
is increased, supersaturated owing to renal incompetency; 
both the brain of the mother and fetus are poisoned by a 
physiological product. The pungency of this poison can barely 
be estimated by its action on the brain in the deep coma, con-, 
stantly recurring convulsions, slowed labor combined with 
anemia. 

If puerperal eclampsia be suspected an effort at prevention 
should be made. This can best be effected by flannel clothing, 
most nutritious diet, keeping the skin active by sponge baths 
at least once daily; stimulating the excretory function of the 
kidneys by apiol and the liberal administration of the comp. 
syrup partridge berry, and the insertion and retention of two 
obstetric cones, one per vaginam and one per rectum, morning, 
noon and night. These cones vitalize the kidneys, stimulate 
secretion, aid free elimination; besides they produce absolute 
anesthesia of the uterine and sacral plexuses of nerves, thus 
subduing all reflex irritation. 

If convulsions have actually taken place, delivery should be 
effected as speedily as possible ; then aid nature in the elimina- 
tion of the poisonous product from the body through the usual 
avenues, skin, kidneys, bowels; either a hot or an alcoholic 
vapor bath is unexcelled ; dry cupping over the loins, followed 
by hot linseed-meal poultices made with glycerin; enemata 
of pint infusion of flaxseed, to which 20 grains of chloral hy- 
drate, 30 grains of bromide potassa, half a teaspoonful of apiol 



756 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

solution are added ; if there be much congestion, a few drops of 
veratrum viride should be added, and repeat, if indicated. 

Never omit the obstetric cones, both by vagina and rectum, 
and repeat often, as they are a powerful aid in controlling the 
convulsions. 

Once the patient can swallow, saline purgatives with per- 
oxide of hydrogen are excellent. 

The patient should be well guarded so as to prevent her 
doing violence either to herself or others. 

PUERPERAL FEVER.— The etiology of puerperal fever, 
or puerperal peritonitis, is to be found in a pathogenic microbe, 
either the result of contagion or infection, or in the direct de- 
composition of animal matter, which yields a specific septic 
micro-organism, whose toxins and ptomains, absorbed into 
the system, produce the most virulent puerperal sepsis. It has 
therefore its starting within the uterus; systematic invasion 
of the uterine cavity seldom comes from the lower portion of 
the genital tract. 

In difficult, retarded or prolonged parturition, the highly 
vitalized tissues of the pelvic viscera are damaged and ab- 
normal microbic flora make their appearance everywhere. 

It has been the practice of a large portion of the profession 
to treat puerperal peritonitis with large doses of opium and 
green root tincture of gelsemium, pushing both remedies to 
narcotism, under which the microbe dies; locally over the ab- 
domen, ozonized turpentine has been found to be of great 
efficacy, with solutions of ozonized boroglycerid for a vaginal 
douche, with rather liberal internal doses of periodate aurum. 
A change for the better is coming over the profession. Much 
of this treatment has been discarded. The ozonized extract 
of passiflora is now used instead of narcotism with opium, 
with greater success. The ozonized turpentine is firmly held 
on to, but the practice of relying upon vaginal douching for dis- 
infecting the vagina is faulty, not to say foolish. It has been 
clearly demonstrated that the injection of any antiseptic fluid 
into the vagina will, not destroy germs in that location; it 
simply robs the patient to a certain extent of the safeguards 
that nature provides against infection. 

The most effective agent to introduce into the vagina, as 
stated, is the ozonized boroglycerid pastils, one, two, or 
more according to the indications. They should be pushed 
well up. They dissolve rapidly. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 757 

Comp. matricaria ozonized is a most valuable tonic in puer- 
peral peritonitis. Protonuclein must never be omitted. 

It is admitted by the best authority that a damaged sympa- 
thetic, inertia of the uterus, lesions of the genital tract, per- 
mitting rapid absorption of puerperal products, are states or 
conditions that favor the evolution of this pathogenic mi- 
crobe. 

Once present, it is highly contagious and infectious, a germ 
of great vital tenacity and malignancy. 

A thorough appreciation of the contagiosity of this fever 
should be strongly engrafted into our profession. No phy- 
sician who is either in attendance upon a case, or visits the 
wards of a hospital or a dissecting room, should enter at least 
for six months the wards of a maternity home, and all medical 
colleges should at least be a mile from any hospital. 

It is admitted by physicians of all schools* that the best treat- 
ment for puerperal fever is to prevent it by early adoption of 
aseptic and antiseptic precautions; and even in spite of these 
and the most rigid prophylactic measures, an evolution of the 
germ will take place. 

The very instant this microbe appears upon the puerperal 
horizon there is pain, elevation of temperature, rapidity of 
pulse ; their intensity depending upon germ growth and amount 
•of toxins present. 

As a prophylactic to the evolution of the microbe of peur- 
peral fever, there must be inculcated a high moral tone ; adopt 
and use in every case of parturition the obstetric cones, because 
they cause complete dilation of the os uteri; they increase the 
vigor of uterine contractions; energize these contractions in 
the weak, the feeble; completely antagonize pain; their action 
causes the uterus to expel both placenta and secundines ; their 
use prevents all complications, as hemorrhage, hour-glass con- 
traction, after-pains. 

I have found it of the greatest utility on the slightest indi- 
cation of pain to administer periodate aurum, five to ten grains 
every four hours ; it supersedes the use of all other germicides 
and is a remedy to be depended on. 

Irrigation with hot soltions of ozonized boroglycerid, 
thrice daily, each irrigation followed by the insertion per 
vaginam and rectum of a cone, have a marked inhibitory 
action on microbic growth. 

The importance of keeping up the patient's strength with 
concentrated nutritious food in a liquid form is most desirable. 



yjS The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Puerperal septicemia is due in nearly all cases to a poison 
which is generated in, and once there enters the blood from 
the genital tract. The producers of this poison are certain mi- 
croscopical fungi, micrococci and bacteria. 

These microbes are the evolution from many sources, chiefly, 
however, from the decomposing products of conception, putre- 
fying substances, clots, pieces of placenta. 

The predisposing causes of uterine inertia are depression of 
the great sympathetic, exhaustion, physical as well as mental ; 
the exciting causes are numerous. 

Puerperal peritonitis or sepsis, terms used to include all 
those diseases of the puerperium, having for their cause various 
pathogenic microbes. Much importance is attached to this 
subject, being a condition favorable for the growth and de- 
velopment of most malignant bacteria, an evolution from ne- 
crotic tissue, blood-clot, placental debris, mechanical violence, 
infection. 

In the nineteenth century we have been treating most suc- 
cessfully puerperal or child-bed fever, or puerperal peritonitis, 
a most contagious and infectious malady, so much so that the 
contagium vivium, adhering to the hair of the nurse or phy- 
sician, takes six months before it loses its infectivity, even if 
washed daily with antiseptics, and any case of confinement is 
liable to be attacked if within one hundred yards of a case. 

Narcotism, a quasi-suspension for from twenty- four to forty- 
eight hours, during which the microbe dies. 

Therapeutic value of the obstetric cones are much appreci- 
ated, as a remedy to arrest vomiting during pregnancy — to 
produce painless parturition, thereby protecting the patient 
from shock. Their use during labor completely overcomes 
a rigid os uteri, prevents hour-glass contraction, causes the 
uterus to completely empty its contents, prevents after-pains, 
and there has not been a case of puerperal where they were 
used. 

They completely annihilate every disease germ in the vagina. 

The vagina is the home of fourteen different varieties of 
micro-organisms, nine of which are saprophytes and six patho- 
genic. Puerperal sepsis, then, is from two causes, viz. : sapro- 
phytic or putrid, and septic proper. The former being pro- 
duced by the decomposition of blood-clots, portions of retained 
placenta and membranes, etc. Saprophytes attack only dead 
or decaying tissue arid decompose it ( resulting in the forma- 
tion of ptomains, which, by their absorption, produce the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 759 

constitutional symptoms we have to contend with, as fever, 
great depression, etc.). Hot antiseptic douches of a solution 
of boroglycerid, to wash out and kill germs and neutralize 
toxins, followed by a cone, keep the vagina in good con- 
dition. 

Puerperal Sepsis. — Simply surgical fever, from the in- 
fection of an abrasion or wound. An effort is made to divide 
it into different varieties, such as sapremia, or septic intoxica- 
tion due to a local cause ; septicemia, or acute septic infection ; 
pyemia. 

Sapremia. — In which there is a fever due to the absorp- 
tion of the products of decomposition in the parturient canal, 
or due to the toxins produced by micro-organisms in the same, 
associated with inflammation, suppuration and fetor. 

Septicemia, puerperal, known or recognized as acute septic 
infection, fortunately rare, but very fatal. 

Pyemia.- — Due to the absorption of septic thrombus in one 
of the uterine sinuses, carried into the blood stream by means 
of the veins, and it is destructive to the red corpuscles. 

The treatment embraces thorough disinfection of the external 
and internal genitals. Wash away decomposing portions of 
the decidua, placenta and clots. Never let the parturient canal 
become a culture medium for bacteria at the same time that 
general treatment for fever is being carried out: push chlorine 
alternated with echinacea to neutralize poison in blood. 

PUERPERAL MANIA, OR MADNESS.— Is generally 
the result of a tedious labor, with the head imbedded in the 
cavity of the pelvis, pressing heavily upon the sacral nerves. 
The easing up oi the head often relieves the difficulty. If not, 
delivery should be hastened, and then the case treated with 
anodynes, cups to the nape of neck, and enemata of lobelia and 
hyoscyamus. Bromide of potass and chloral hydrate should 
be freely administered, together with the obstetric cones. These 
latter push with energy both by the rectum and vagina. If 
she be altogether unmanageable, hypodermic injections of 
sulphate of morphia, with inhalation of chloroform at intervals 
of every two or three hours ; bowels freely opened from above. 
The pressure of the head on the sacral plexus, even for a short 
time, the irritation is transmitted to the brain, a temporal form 
of mania is induced, which passes off; even that must be seen 
to. The condition is often much aggravated by worry, ex- 
haustion, want, hemorrhage, or debilitv. 



760 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

PUERPERAL PERITONITIS.— This rarely occurs with- 
out inflammation of the uterus first, then its peritoneal cover- 
ing, and latterly the entire membrane, closing with gastritis 
and death. The predisposing cause in all those cases is de- 
pression of the sympathetic system. The exciting cause, some 
injury to the uterus, or absorption of the after-birth, or lochia 
(see Peritonitis for treatment). 

PURPURA. — An effusion of blood either into the follicles 
of the skin or its general structure. 

The cause is a poverty of nerve force, lack of cohesion of the 
nerve cells, owing to which the walls of blood-vessels and even 
the corpuscles themselves rupture, and effusion of blood takes 
place into the follicles, forming red dots (acute) and a gen- 
eral effusion,' purple patches, like ecchymosis, constituting black 
leg chronic, anemic symptoms and hemorrhages. 

Its treatment consists in rest in bed, pure air, sunlight, the 
most nutritious diet; mineral acids and cinchona, coca, avena, 
ozone water ; kephalin ; digitalis. 

PYOKTANIN. — A so-called pus-destroyer, a term intro- 
duced by a German chemical concern to cover two agents 
(anilin, blue and yellow), which they vaunt as specifics for all 
forms of bacterial disease. In their efforts at introduction, 
they have subsidized the American medical press to boom 
their dyes, which are contra-indicated, among all English- 
speaking nations, as they are toxical to all healthy tissues, and 
potent heart-paralyzers. 

PYORRHEA ALVEOLAR.— A spongy condition and re- 
cession of the gums accompanied with a deposit or incrusta- 
tion of tartar around the teeth, common to adult life, associated 
with the uric acid diathesis, gout, rheumatism and catarrhal 
condition of nose, pharynx, ear, mastoid cells. A special mi- 
cro-organism and the presence of squamous epithelia can be 
detected in the expectoration. 

This condition will disappear on the exhibition of the ozon- 
ized tincture of echinacea used as a mouth-wash and internally. 
The same remedy answers well, if stomatitis, diarrhea and 
pyrexia be present. All irritation must be removed, such as 
decayed teeth, old stumps, any thing likely to set up septic con- 
ditions or muco-purulent pharyngitis. 

RADIOGRAPHY. — A most important method of diag- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 761 

nosing many obscure maladies ; especially is it of great utility 
in revealing the condition of fractures, their position, number 
of fragments, overlapping of ends, displacement in all and 
every direction. It gives or delineates to us at a distance on 
the fluorescent screen the condition of things within in a most 
accurate manner.' 

RAILWAY SHOCKS.— Mostly occur in the form of con- 
cussions and are best treated by diffusible stimulants guard- 
edly to produce healthy reaction. Artificial heat to the whole 
surface of the body materially aids in bringing about recovery.. 
The horizontal position, head a little lower than the trunk. 

In shock, with restlessness and excitement, administer freely 
to soothe and steady the nervous system. 

After the stage of shock is overcome we should give at- 
tention to diverting possible complications. We will remem- 
ber at once how frequently psychic shock is attended by per- 
sistent sequelae, not to speak of those more rare cases in which 
death itself follows after a time. Further, we recall the fact 
that permanent spinal symptoms, actual organic cord changes, 
may follow blows upon the trunk. What, then, shall be done 
— what measures shall we adopt to meet these possibilities ? 

Evidently the state of rest must be prolonged — prolonged 
far beyond the apparent needs of the patient's condition. All 
the time we should be on the alert for symptoms indicative of 
chronicity, and by all means in our power combat them. In 
other words, I believe that every case of railway shock, if at all 
severe, should at once be submitted to a rest-cure based upon 
absolute rest; isolation from friends, forced feeding, massage 
2nd electricity, should be the order of the day. 

Even with these precautions, cases in which the sequelae 
are delayed would escape us; but "better late than never" 
should be our motto, and the rest-cure should be adopted when- 
ever the sequelae are detected. 

REJUVENESCENCE.— Whether it be premature or gen- 
uine, old age consists in a degeneration of the neuron, which 
is the basis of all forms of senile involution. 

One of the problems of the twentieth century is, Have we 
any medicinal agents that will prevent or retard it ? 

The progressive physicians of the present age, who believe. 
and practice, that the ozonized extract of the lamb's thyroid 
gland, a constructor; protonuclein, the active principle of life; 



762 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

and the c. p. solution of spermin, the brain fortifier and builder, 
together with massage and nutritious food, will effect a change. 

Extensive clinical experience has led me to believe that 
a judicious and careful administration of these agents will 
cause an improvement in the nutrition of the neuron, the 
nervous system, and an augmentation of physical and mental 
energy, and thus retard death. Under those remedies the nu- 
trition of the brain improves, more especially the vasomotor 
centre in the bulb retards the progress of arteriosclerosis and 
the involution of the central neuron. 

Under two doses of thyroid per week, protonuclein and 
spermin thrice daily, with one hour's massage after bathing 
morning and night, appropriate diet, hygienic surroundings, 
the vitality and energy of the body soon improve. 

The individual prematurely or really old takes a fresh start 
in life, with a keener interest, resumes his work with vigor ; 
his attitude is more erect, his step more elastic ; with digestion 
and assimilation quickened; with healthy sleep. Indeed, his 
whole aspect changes — he is buoyant, looks younger, feels 
fresher. 

If he is bald, the thyroid favors growth ; if hair is gray, the 
three remedies will cause it to assume its natural color. 

The results of this treatment are always good and the longer 
it is. persevered with the more effective it becomes. 

So there is hope for failure of brain power, due to early ex- 
cesses and overwork. 

At any time of life, when age is beginning to tell, this treat- 
ment rigidly carried out may enable the individual to retain 
his faculties and agility fairly well until eighty or ninety 
years, provided there does not exist some organic disease, such 
as paralysis agitans, insular sclerosis, cancer, contracted gran- 
ular kidney, or fatty degeneration of the heart. 

Kephalin is one of the most powerful remedies known to 
science for protecting the body from the inconveniences of old 
age. If administered, give it in distilled water thrice daily. 



RELAPSING FEVER. — Numerous cases of this fever 
annually make their appearance. Its pathogenic microbe has 
been discovered, isolated, cultivated ; its cultures have been in- 
jected into animals, producing the original disease in all its 
intensity and malignity, being highly contagious and infectious. 

The microbe is an evolution from the decaying debris of 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. ~6?, 

animal and vegetable matter, acted on by solar heat and in- 
sanitary conditions. Once the spore finds its way into devital- 
ized bodies, the full-fledged pathogenic microbe is easily found 
in a drop of the patient's blood, and under a magnifying power 
of five hundred diameters can be seen in the form of long, wavy, 
flexible threads, with from ten to twenty convolutions. They 
are seen motile, moving quickly, with undulating movements, 
which pass in a wavy manner through its entire length. 

This germ is found exclusively in the blood of the patient, 
never in the secreta. They are only productive during the 
rigor, and speculation is complete during the first two days of 
the fever, never in the period of decline. 

The numbers present in any special case vary, according to 
the amount inhaled and power of vital resistance on the part 
of the patient. 

The germ is constantly and exclusively present in the blood, 
giving rise to a relapsing, or recurrent, or malignant type of 
fever. The remission and relapses taking place every five or 
seven days, each time an aggravation of symptoms, vital force 
becoming weaker and weaker, till about the sixth or seventh 
week, when he succumbs to the toxical excreta from the germ. 

The ptomain excreted is a most deadly tetanic posion, giving 
rise to terrible prostration, intense headache, profound debility, 
excruciating pains in the muscles, bones, back, loins, with fre- 
quently a temperature of 107 degrees F., and a pulse of 160 
during the febrile stage. 

Prior to the discovery of the germ relapsing fever was one of 
the most fatal of maladies : since its microbic origin has been 
thoroughly understood its duration has been greatly shortened, 
its mortality minimized, few cases now proving fatal. Nay, 
if the case be recognized, efficiently treated with germicides, 
the germ can be either sterilized or annihilated, and thus 
promptly wiped out. 

Echinacea ozonized, alternated with con. tine, kurchicin. are 
most effective as prophylactics and also as curative agents, 
one ounce of the echinacea to 'three ounces of water. Dose, 
one teaspoonful every three hours, rapidly effect destruction of 
the microbe. 

REMITTENT FEVER.— This fever bears a strong re- 
semblance to intermittent in its cause, but is more serious in its 
effects. It occurs in the form of a continued fever, character- 
ized by remissions. There is no cessation of the fever, simply 



764 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

an abatement or diminution. The period of remission varies 
from twelve to twenty- four hours, at the end of which time the 
feverish excitement increases, the exacerbation being often 
preceded by a chill. 

The cause is the malarial spore or germ acting upon vital 
forces already exhausted. 

Remittent fever varies much in severity, according to the 
vital forces or peculiarities of the individual affected; the lo- 
cality has less to do with the peculiarity or type than the in- 
dividual, for the germ or contagion is the same, hence the 
idea of describing it under the names of localities is absurd. 
But if we have a germ from a river-bed (paludal), as well as a 
malarial, present, it is very apt to take on a strong bilious or 
even a malignant type. 

Symptoms. — Usually commences with languor, lassitude, 
debility, mental depression, headache, shivering followed by 
high fever, vomiting, sometimes jaundice, often accompanied 
with delirium ; pulse frequent and full ; tongue dry and furred ; 
nausea, vomiting, generally of bilious matter ; sense of pain at 
the epigastrium, and tenderness on pressure, with signs of pul- 
monary congestion, great difficulty of breathing, a feeling of 
oppression at the chest, cough, and a livid color of the counte- 
nance. The urine is usually scanty, high-colored, and loaded 
with lithates, but passed in increased quantities during the re- 
mission. Length of remission varies from six to twelve hours 
and from twelve to twenty- four hours; at the end of which 
time the feverish excitement increases and the exacerbation is 
usually preceded by chilliness and a rigor. Remission usually 
occurs in the morning; the principal exacerbation is generally 
towards the evening. The disease may run on for some four- 
teen or fifteen days and end in an attack of sweating, or merge 
into typhoid or cerebrospinal meningitis. The period of con- 
valescence is usually short, except some organic mischief has 
occurred, in which case considerable time may elapse before 
a restoration to health is effected, the debility being kept up by 
night-sweats, sleeplessness, dyspepsia, neuralgia, jaundice, and 
dropsy. 

Complications. — The extreme severity of some cases, the 
depressed condition of the nervous and vascular systems, with 
defective secretions ; the great exhaustion at the termination of 
a paroxysm, collapse, convulsions, or delirium, passing into 
drowsiness and coma, cerebrospinal irritation, with gastric 
irritability, or with bronchitis, pneumonia, or with hepatitis, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 765 

jaundice, diarrhea, or typhoid symptoms. The chief causes of 
the complications are great depression of vital power, with 
epidemic influence and improper treatment. 

As a rule the fever terminates in recovery in two weeks 
or some of its numerous complications. 

It often assumes a bilious form, termed bilious remittent, in 
which the liver receives a shock either from solar heat, malaria, 
syphilis, mecury, excess of carbonacous food, alcohol, or the 
poisoned products of meat. 

In all the various forms of remittent fever, whether simple 
or bilious, it is a good plan to administer an emetic, open the 
bowels, and give a warm bath, put the patient to bed, then 
place him upon sufficient doses of concentrated tincture of 
kurchicin to keep a slight moisture on the skin ; at the same time 
select some good intestinal antiseptic and administer either 
siegesbeckie tablet or tincture, or echinacea, or peroxide of 
hydrogen, or periodate aurum; liquid, nutritious food; as the 
symptoms disappear, some tonic like matricaria. The treat- 
ment by gelsemin and quinine is usually not well borne. 

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.— The testis is an organ 
which does not attain its full size and function until puberty, 
which varies in different individuals, races, and countries. 

When puberty is reached the testes attain full size and full 
function, and the features which are characteristic of the male 
sex are developed. 

In the boy, the testes are small, firm, very compact in struc- 
ture, the seminal tubules being almost indistinguishable, being 
so closely packed and bound together. There is a want of de- 
velopment, a smallness of cells. The tubules are destitute of 
important structures. All is quiescent. 

The epididymis is relatively larger in proportion to the body 
of the testis, but its structure also is in an embryonic condition. 

In the adult the body of the testis is large, soft, plump, meas- 
ures on an average one and a quarter to one and a half inches 
in length and one inch in breadth, usually weighing from six 
to eight drams, the left being weakest, largest, most depend- 
ent. On a section of the testes the tubules resemble twisted 
threads, bulging outwards under pressure of the investing 
tunica or covering. They are easily separated from each 
other, owing to the intervening connective tissue, being small 
in amount and delicate in structure. 

There is an asymmetry between the two organs, although 



j66 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

identical in form, in structure; in each, if normal, the func- 
tion of elaborating spermatozoa goes on. 

The seminal tubules in the adult are large, much convoluted ; 
are composed of a thin covering, lined by seminal cells, within 
which is a continuous layer of small cubical cells, which are 
the parents of the others. 

The modus operandi by which the seminal secretion is con- 
veyed from the seminal tubules is by muscular contraction, 
which drives it onward. 

In the aged the testes cease to produce their special secre- 
tion, the spermatozoa, and the individual loses his reproductive 
powers. This condition varies greatly in different individuals. 
In some men between seventy qand eighty the seminal bodies 
are found active ; spermatozoa in all stages fertile. Cases have 
come under my observation of men at ninety suffering from 
spermatoceles, active, vigorous spermatic cells. 

On the other hand, men addicted to masturbation, congress 
with harlots, varicocele, the toxins of syphilis, of typhoid and 
other fevers, cease to elaborate spermatozoa as early as thirty, 
forty, fifty; undergo structural change, fatty degeneration, in- 
volution or decay. 

Spermatozoa-producing cells completely disappear in those 
cases. Small or shrunken testes of old men are completely 
transformed into a mass of fibrous cords. 

The effect of celibacy upon the spermatozoa-producing power 
of the testes is to render them smaller and take on atrophy. 
The structure of the seminal tubules suffer much, being- 
withered and blighted; the testes not only being reduced in 
size, soft, flabby, wasted. The effect of enforced celibacy, 
even for a few years, is a blight, and their full size and function 
is never restored unless the treatment is carried out with con- 
summate tact and skill. In such cases the sexual sense or ap- 
petite by being kept in abeyance is disastrously affected. 

The influence which normal testes exert is of paramount im- 
portance, first, upon the growth and development of the ac- 
cessory sexual glands, the prostate, vesicular seminales and 
Cowper's glands, and, second, on the growth and development 
of both body and mind. 

The testes of the male, the ovaries of the woman are the mo- 
tive power of the universe. Removal of the testes is followed 
by atrophy of the prostate, smallness of the penis, and oblitera- 
tion of all the reproductive glands. The testes, the dominat- 
ing sexual glands of the male, the ovaries of the female, in 



and Dictionary of Diseases. y6y 

health and in disease exert a marked, decided influence for 
either good or evil upon every cell, gland or organ of the en- 
tire body ; they either influence or retard growth ; either vital- 
ize or blight — govern all developmental changes which form the 
characteristic features of sex. Deprive a man of his testes, 
he is sexless and acquires all the typical characteristics of a 
woman; deprive a woman of her ovaries, she assumes the mas- 
culine elements of the male. 

Intermarriage of individuals of either closely-allied tem- 
peraments, or related by consanguinity, gives us an offspring 
who are victims of congenital defects, among whom we find 
many cases of retained or undescended testes. 

Such cases incapable of producing their special secretion of 
spermatozoa are yet capable of exerting their peculiar and im- 
portant influence upon the growth and development of both 
mind and body. 

In some cases we find one retained in the abdomen, the other 
down in the scrotum. The fully descended one will produce 
spermatozoa, usually acquires a larger size than natural. The 
individual so situated is in full possession of virility. But if 
both fail in their descent into the scrotum, they are incapable 
of producing spermatozoa, in consequence of which the per- 
son is sterile. In spite of this .he acquires all the bodily and 
mental characteristics of the male: broad shoulders, full beard, 
large penis, vigorous intellect, all except the power of procre- 
ating. 

The influence of the testes upon the growth and maintenance 
of the characteristics of the male is a property independent of 
their power of producing spermatozoa, and the remarkable 
fact is established that the spermatozoa-producing work of the 
testes, their potentiality for that purpose, is not necessary for 
the establishment of the influence which these organs exert 
upon the rest of the body. 

The natural involution of the testes in the aged is unac- 
companied by any corresponding change in the system: but if 
the testes in an elderly man are removed, the prostate and all 
the accessory glands atrophy; and the entire mind and body 
become essentially feminine. 

The functions of the testes are therefore twofold : to control 
and determine the development, the characteristics of the male 
sex; to produce spermatozoa for the reproduction of the species. 

These two functions are usually exercised together, but the 
former may be brought into play without the latter. The 



768 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

effect of the evolution of spermatozoa by the seminal cells, and 
its reabsorption into the system, influence the nerve centres, 
control growth and nutrition. 

This is remarkably well illustrated by the local and interna! 
administration of c. p. spermin isolated from the testes of any 
mammalia, most usually from the calf, at or about the sixth 
month, at which period it is elaborated freely, independent 
of its spermatic secretion, which controls growth and develop- 
ment of both body and mind and, if its use is persevered with, 
maintains the manly characteristics acquired at puberty 
throughout his entire life, makes one feel younger and capable 
of doing more work — a valuable remedy in all nervous diseases. 

As a general rule, between the ages of fifty-five and sixty- 
five, sooner, often later, degenerative changes take place in the 
testes, their proper structure becomes obliterated and usurped 
by fibrous tissue. The same condition takes place in the 
ovaries of women, but ten or twenty years earlier. The meno- 
pause is peculiar to both sexes, and in addition to changes in 
the reproductive organs, there are retrograde changes in the 
arteries, cortex of the brain, even atrophy of that organ, which 
induces mental disturbance. 

This, with our animal extracts, can be prevented, at least ta 
a great extent. The administration of a few doses of thyroid 
extract weekly with c. p. spermin daily, wards off this con- 
dition of senility, prolongs cerebral and sexual activity for an 
indefinite period. 

Castration. — The removal of the testes in the male, 
and the ovaries in the female, constitute what is known as 
castration. In considering this subject, the question which at- 
tracts attention is : Is castration in either sex a warrantable 
operation, for the cure of any disease, especially masturbation, 
epilepsy, insanity, hypertrophied prostate? And as far as wo- 
man is concerned it is but a mere subterfuge to evade the re- 
sponsibilities of childbirth or the suffering incidental to the 
climacteric. 

The removal of the testes in the male, either before or after 
puberty, or later in life, completely unsexes him, changes his 
organism, extinguishes all sexual feeling, deprives him of his 
virile sense and the indescribable benefit of the secretion and 
reabsorption of seminal fluid, which in itself is the great aphro- 
disiac. 

In consequence of this he loses all the elements of manhood : 
his hair becomes thin and scanty, muscles soft, voice inaud- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 769 

ible, brain soft, creamy; his entire body effeminate, the sexual 
■organs atrophy, the prostate completely disappears, incapable 
of effort, a cipher in existence. 

The removal of the ovaries in women is a deplorable event ; 
first, the nerve shock, the abrupt arrest of an important evolu- 
tion, the loss of the ovaries as a mental equalizer. Sexuality 
is a potent factor in women as well as in man — evolution, 
menstruation, gestation, parturition and lactation are hers. 

Ovarian irritation almost invariably disturbs the mental 
poise, gives rise to instability, often aberration. 

The removal of the ovaries unsexes, wipes out the sexual 
sense or instinct. 

The seat of sexual desire is instinctive in the brain ; it neither 
resides in the glans penis in the male, nor in the clitoris, the 
nymphae or ovaries in the female. The instinct may be so 
strong that it might survive the removal of the testes or ovaries, 
but it is impotent after mutilation; after the removal of the 
sexual appendages there is no fruition. 

The physical and psychic influence of the ovaries upon 
woman cannot be overrated, foe on the ovaries depend all the 
specific properties of her. body and mind — her nutrition, her 
exquisite nervous sensibility, the delicacy and symmetrical 
construction of her body, with all its characteristics of woman- 
hood. 

The removal or extirpation of the ovaries completely ex- 
tinguishes all sexual desire, changes her entire organism, dis- 
turbs mental equilibrium, produces nervous perturbation; she 
loses all power of procreation and acquires a roughness of 
characteristics; her voice is squeaky, hair appears upon the 
lip; she is cold, callous, ungainly. The artificial unsexing of 
women is often attended with serious consequences, grave 
complications, mental disturbance, lowness of spirits, melan- 
cholia, verging on insanity; all her affections are completely 
changed ; she becomes repulsive to the male. 

By the removal of the ovaries a woman gains some things : 
she abruptly reaches her climacteric, and it may be possible 
that she may escape all the suffering for some years incidental 
to that change, those flushes of heat and coldness, headaches, 
skin perspiration, tingling, numbness, the various nerve-storms 
of vasomotor disturbance, but very rarely is this the case. 

Castration has many advocates : it is recommended as a cure 
for enlarged prostate and uterine tumors, for all cases of in- 
sanity caused by masturbation. The splaying of young wo- 



770 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

men for the purpose of evading the responsibilities of mother- 
hood is a national crime of the greatest importance. 

The Human Spermatozoa or Semen. — An eminent phys- 
iologist says that the semen is a thick, white, pasty secretion 
of the seminiferous tubes, consisting mainly of seminal cells, 
out of which spermatozoa or fertilizing elements are developed. 
The spermatozoa first make their appearance in the rete testes 
and constitute nine-tenths of the glutinous mass. 

In the epididymis and vasa deferentia the zoosperms are 
perfectly motionless from the density of the medium in which 
they are contained ; but when they reach the seminal vesicles 
they are in active, rhythmical, undulating motion. 

The fluid contained in the seminal vesicles is odorless, 
viscous, colorless, heavier than water, of neutral reaction, and 
does not coagulate. When, however, it is incorporated with 
the secretion of the prostate and urethral glands, semen has an 
albuminous consistence, a whitish or opalescent tint and an 
alkaline reaction, and emits a peculiar odor. After ejaculation 
it is transformed into a gelatinous mass, but becomes more fluid 
after exposure to the air. 

The testes furnish the fecundating elements of the semen, 
the secretion of the associated glands — particularly that of the 
prostate — renders it thin, imparts to it color, odor, alkalinity, 
coagulability. The prostatic fluid serves as a vehicle for the 
transmission of the spermatozoa to the uterus, for its pres- 
ervation there, for the spermatic bodies would soon die in 
the uterine mucus were it not for the prostatic secretion, which 
keeps them alive for nearly forty-eight hours in a healthy 
vagina. 

The Secretion of the Testes. — Another author says the 
male semen is a complex substance, consisting of various se- 
cretions — from the testes, from the seminal vesicles, from the 
accessory glands of the urethra — especially the prostate — Cow- 
per's glands and mucous glands of the urethral mucous mem- 
brane. These different secretions, if all healthy or normal, 
when united form normal semen after ejaculation. 

If one or other or several of these secretions be absent or 
diseased, sterility is present. 

Normal semen contains spermatozoa, spermatic cells, epi- 
thelium from the prostate and urethra, and seminal granules. 

Before puberty and in old age any urethral discharge, in 
coitus or otherwise, contains no spermatozoa; still there are 
some exceptions, for from well-preserved old men spermatozoa 
are to be found. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 771 

In healthy men, who have never abused their sexual organs 
by excesses, masturbation, congress with harlots, or gonorrhea, 
the spermatozoa are supposed to be normal. Then the sperma- 
tozoa in his semen are lively, frisky, and if carefully covered 
or protected, or sheltered from air, light and cold, may live 
forty-eight hours. 

The quantity of semen ejaculated at one coition depends 
greatly upon the healthy condition of all the other glands, the 
size of the testes, the habits, occupation, food and general 
physical condition. Two drams seem to be about the average 
quantity, but the quantity is not of so much account, so the 
quality is good. 

There may be a normal quantity of fluid discharged, but the 
spermatozoa may be absent (azoospermia) ; there may be none 
discharged at all (aspermia), hence it is useless to look for 
spermatozoa. They may be present in large quantities, and 
perfectly healthy, even when a small quantity of fluid is dis- 
charged. These conditions may be either congenital or ac- 
quired. The congenital is usually permanent, the acquired 
form usually temporary. 

In the congenital variety there is an absence or imperfect 
development of the testes. One or both being absent in the 
scrotum indicates sterility. 

The most common acquired form is due to damage to the 
testes, giving rise to orchitis. This* may be caused by external 
violence, mumps, gonorrhea, syphilis or other toxins of disease 
germs, which give rise to an inflammatory process, and sub- 
sequently atrophy of the glandular elements of the testes. 

Hernia, hydrocele, varicocele and all tumors disturb the 
nutrition of the testes by pressure, or by changing the blood- 
vessels and thus produce atrophy. 

Cystic and prostatic disease, either the migration of the 
bacillus of tubercle, syphilis, cancer or a deposit of its toxins. 
both destroy the testes by impairing their glandular structure. 

Any impairment of the general health by too much work, 
fret, by excessive study, fevers, inflammations, wasting disease, 
affects the testes. 

The sterility or blight of the reproductive organs, invari- 
ably attendant upon sexual excesses, venery. masturbation, 
congress with harlots, withdrawal, is usually temporary, but 
may become permanent through the agency of organic changes 
taking place in the testes. 

Nutrition of the Testes. — The reproductive organs of 



J72 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

both sexes are influenced, modified, their vitality increased or 
decreased by the conditions by which they are surrounded, as 
well as by diet and remedies. 

Nations in temperate latitudes who use a large amount of 
phosphatic diet are remarkable for well-developed generative 
organs, large brains, great intellectual capacity. 

Our present state of civilization, with its ceaseless activities 
and great mental tension, cannot be maintained upon our or- 
dinary food, for it cannot keep up the nutrition of the brain 
of individuals whose labor is chiefly mental. Hence the nerv- 
ous system of the great mass of our population is literally 
starved; and as the testes evolve and secrete from the nervo- 
vital fluid, their product is dwarfed. 

A deficiency of phosphates in our food is the initial step to 
cerebral and testicular starvation, a condition in which all 
our intellectual faculties suffer. With a starved brain cere- 
bral anemia follows, and the testes fail in giving out their 
vitalized internal secretion, sluggishly evolve spermatozoa 
which are puny in the extreme. 

Feed the brain with its own chemical constituents, such as 
protonuclein, thyroid extract, kephalin, c. p. solution of sper- 
min, avena, and more than half our present diseases would 
vanish or disappear. 

Those medicaments are, with good food, our great vital con- 
structors. Under a course of these remedies the brain becomes 
clear, active, vivacious ; the testes and spermatozoa become nor- 
mal or excessive, both in development and number. Give us 
by these vitalizing remedies a superabundant stimulation and 
growth, and with it a higher type of manhood. 

Spermatogenesis (a Higher Type of Manhood). — 
Certain remedies, high and low states of vital force, have a re- 
markable action upon the secreting faculty of the testes, upon 
the production of certain grades of spermatozoa. 

In the microscopical examination of numerous specimens 
of human spermatozoa we are struck with the different ap- 
pearances under certain articles of diet; under the influence 
of certain remedies, such as kephalin and c. p. solution of 
spermin, and under all states of neurasthenia. 

The initial form of spermatozoa secreted by the testes under 
the influence of an exhausted brain is dwarfed and misshapen. 
Where the vital forces are either normal, or even higher, teem- 
ing with life, with an immense amount of reserve force and 
recuperative power, they are well-formed, good size, lively and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. J75 

tenacious of life. Where the vital forces are very high, the 
spermatozoa often exhibit excessive development. When 
kephalin and c. p. solution of spermin are administered this 
development is still greater, not only large, but many of them 
have two heads and two tails, and otherwise of a mammoth 
size. The products of all cells are liable to variations by their 
surroundings, by their nutritive elements, and by remedies. 

Spermatozoa of excessive growth, finding an entrance and 
mingling with the contents of the female ovum, furnish or 
contribute to superabundant stimulation and growth; give 
an impetus to vigor of the future product; give a dynamical 
preponderance of either the male or female initial energy. 

Healthy testes never blighted by masturbation, never marred 
by the syphilitic germ, whose secretion gives rise to the genera- 
tive impulse, determine the future activity of the resembling 
fusion — a fusion that determines inherited conformity to the 
final unity. 

If c. p. solution of spermin, kephalin or oats be admin- 
istered to either the male or the female during the procreative 
period of life, they exercise a marvelous influence over fecun- 
dation and growth by promoting a rejuvenescence of every 
tissue in the body. 

Spermatogenesis is a prophylactic against a cerebral wreck- 
age. 

Insanity in both sexes is very rare before puberty. Indeed, 
the greatest percentage of deviations from a normal state occur 
during the active period of procreative life. 

Certain habits, such as masturbation, sexual excesses, in- 
compatibilities, abnormal methods of coition, disjoint the cere- 
bral mechanism, impoverish and drain off the nervo-vital fluid ; 
chorea, epilepsy and insanity appear. 

Two-thirds of all the inmates of our lunatic asylums are of 
this class. 

Saturate the blood, all the tissues of the body, with the thy- 
roid extract, c. p. solution of spermin, kephalin. In other 
words, supply to the body a substance, the deficiency of which 
has caused the morbid process, and the most brilliant results 
will be attained. 

The Seminal Fluid. — This fluid is a thick, white, tenacious 
somewhat opaque fluid, of a slightly alkaline reaction, has a 
peculiar odor due to the prostatic fluid in which it is usually in- 
corporated. 

It is composed chiefly of spermatozoa, which are found to be 
most abundant between the ages of twenty and fifty-five. 



774 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

When passed from an individual in good health, they ex- 
hibit very lively movements, but their mobility is very rapidly 
destroyed by the addition of water, or exposure to the air. 

They are present only in healthy semen, and are of great 
interest in the diagnosis of a certain morbid conditions, as ster- 
ility. A persistent absence of spermatozoa (azoospermia) 
will show the individual to be incapable of procreation, which 
may occur whilst other signs of sexual power are retained. 
Nearly 33 per cent of all males in large cities are sufferers 
from azoospermia, and it is of vital importance to distinguish 
this from the persistent absence of spermatozoa due to draining 
off by excessive and repeated intercourse. Under such cir- 
cumstances the fluid ejaculated contains little else than pros- 
tatic secretion. 

As life advances, spermatic crystals, various amyloid sub- 
stances, stratified masses of various degenerative tissues, are 
found which are not characteristic of healthy semen. 

The appearance of spermatic crystals in the seminal fluid 
is indicative of degenerative changes in the testes, and of se- 
nility. 

This downward process of decay may be warded off by rest, 
good diet, by a judicious use of the ambrosia tablets, by thyroid 
extract or protonuclein, by the c. p. solution of spermin, keph- 
alin and oats. 

The seminal fluid as it leaves the penis is composed of secre- 
tions from the testes, the prostate, and Cowper's glands, with 
a small quantity of mucus derived from the urethra. When 
examined under the microscope, many different objects are 
seen, which seem as it were to hold the spermatozoa in sus- 
pension, for the moving, living spermatozoa are the only 
elements necessary for impregnation. A man does not neces- 
sarily possess virility because he has an ejaculation of semen, 
that he is a potent man only when he has testicles doing proper 
service, that it is necessary that his power of erection during 
coitus be such that the spermatic fluid be deposited in or near, 
in close proximity to the cervical canal, where the secretions 
in health are alkaline; lower than that in the vagina, where 
the secretions are acid, they are apt to die in a few hours. 
Healthy ovum must be reached by the healthy spermatozoa : 
this is effected or assisted by the cilia of the upper part of 
the cervical canal, with an inhibitive action derived from the 
uterine wave, which gives them an impetus upwards and on- 
wards, which, if everything be normal, the spermatozoa, one or 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 775 

more of them, find an entrance into the substance of the ovum, 
and thus impregnation takes place. 

For impregnation, for reproduction, some things are es- 
sentially necessary ; there must be a production of healthy ova 
and spermatozoa, there must be a union of the two, then the 
implantation of the impregnated ovum in a uterus fitted for 
its growth and development. All influences acting either di- 
rectly or indirectly so as to prevent the fulfillment of these con- 
ditions produce sterility. 

Senility. — At what particular time of life senile sterility in 
the male takes place is not definitely known, but as his de- 
velopment is less rapid than the female, so is his loss of virile 
power postponed till late in life. In temperate latitudes, re- 
productive power is never thoroughly established till from 
twenty-one to twenty-five, and if there has never been mastur- 
bation or excesses, or abnormal methods of sexual congress, 
it may be preserved till eighty years of age. Not so, however, 
if there has been self-abuse, excess, dalliance or withdrawal, 
or wearing condums. When natural laws are violated, steril- 
ity may appear as early as thirty. The history of the case, 
seminal discharge without spermatozoa, or if any, they are so 
weak and feeble, so dwarfed or distorted, as to be incapable 
of impregnating the ovum. 

One of the most serious and sinister symptoms of general 
national decadence is the decline of paternal feeling, family 
duty and responsibility; children have no respect or deference 
for their parents. Married women try to escape from the cares 
and responsibilities of the mother. This betokens a serious 
growing derangement. The United States has resources al- 
together unequaled among nations. Capabilities and resources 
which exceed the power of calculation. The entire nation is 
permeated by a wonderful, intense, stirring life ; in the midst 
of all a cloud hangs over our land, to wit, the infecundity of 
our native born. This sterility has its origin in the bias of 
modern civilization, in the early errors of indiscretion, mas- 
turbation and excess; in the presence of the bacillus of syphilis, 
which is causing a blight in everything on the procreative 
line ; later in the withdrawal schemes of the married, followed 
by general sexual wreckage. 

All cases are benefited by a general alterative and tonic course 
of treatment, with bathing, massage and the best of diet. 

In cases where the testes are congenitally deficient, or ab- 
sent, or atrophied, or not descended — if there be the slightest 



776 'The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

possibility of their being present in the abdominal cavitf; •' in* 
either case, if aspermia or azoospermia exist, remedies $tf& 
-useless. 

Independent of the ambrosia tablets, thyroid extract, c. p. 
'solution of spermin, kephalin, the ozonized extract of the saw 
palmetto, made into a suppository and bougie, possesses posi- 
tive merit in atrophy of the testes; in these two forms it is of 
special utility in cases of premature old age, too early a de- 
cline of the virile and physical powers. 

In atrophy of the testes there is a decadence of all the repro- 
ductive glands, and those suppositories aid, often act as a vital- 
izing tonic to the state in which atrophy has crept in, help 
materially in promoting normal secretory activity. They are 
worthy of a trial. 

Epididymitis. — A frequent complication of gonorrhea when 
treated with cubebs, copaiba, sandalwood oil and petroleum. 

The urethra is untenable for the gonoeoccus,- and it travels to' 
the lower portion of the epididymis from the prostatic portion 
of the urethra, along the vas deferens, thence to the tunica 1 , 
vaginalis and scrotum, the testes being less severely implicated. 

The symptoms are severe, aching, violent pain, with extreme- 
tenderness of the epididymis, the scrotum being red, swollen, 
with the tunica vaginalis often filled with serum. 

To relieve this promptly insert one ozonized, soluble iodol 
bougie as far up the urethra as possible,, allow it to dissolve, and 
then follow with another and another, until a copious dis- 
charge has been established. Just as soon as this takes place,, 
pain, tension, swelling are promptly relieved. At the same 
time drop sixty drops of the green root tincture of gelsemium, 
and the same quantity of Pulsatilla in four ounces of water, 
administering one teaspoonful of this combination every five or 
ten minutes, until perfect relief is obtained. Then in a few 
days llaretta will complete the cure. 

In orchitis proper large doses of the green root tincture of 
gelsemium with an equal quantity of passiflora incarnata op- 
erate speedier than any other remedy. 

Painting the scrotum with collodion in which c. p. guaiacol 
is incorporated affords marked relief. 

During the progress of inflammation, either due to mechan- 
ical violence or to the presence of disease germs, there is 
usually less or more lymph effused, which causes induration and 
^enlargement, often obliteration of its interstitial or glandular 
structure. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. jjj 

An effort in all cases should be made to absorb this lymph, 
so as to restore the testicle to its normal condition. We have 
found the comp. syr. saxifraga invaluable for this purpose in 
alternation with phytolacca; locally to the scrotum, cerate of 
iodide potassa and belladonna, or else lotions of chloride of 
ammonia, nitrate of potassa and nitrate of ammonia, excites an 
inflammatory absorbent action upon the inflammatory deposits, 
stimulate the arrested secretion and aid in the restoration of 
healthy function. 

All disorders of the testes are liable to be accompanied with 
either temporary or permanent absence of the spermatozoa. 
They are never found at all when the wasting is excessive. 

Simple orchitis and total disorganization of the testes, from 
whatever cause they may arise, as well as fatty degeneration of 
the secreting cells — a condition met with in drunkards — are 
followed by absolute azoospermia. Still partial atrophy does 
not entail sterility. Tubercular, syphilitic, and cancerous in- 
filtrations abolish their function for the time being, but se- 
creting power returns after treatment with thyroid, matricaria 
and ambrosia orientalis. 

Neuralgia of the Testes. — An exhausted, devital- 
ized state of the testes, the presence of the toxins of disease 
germs in their interstitial structure; a neurosis, involving 
both testes and spermatic cord ; a dragging and stinging pain 
in the testicle which occurs in paroxysms. It may be ac- 
companied by a painful sensation in one or both groins, or a 
stinging pain in the urethra during and after ejaculation of 
semen. If the sound be introduced into the urethra there is ex- 
treme tenderness, much aggravated when it reaches the pros- 
tatic portion. 

In extreme cases of atrophy some hope of a cure may be 
entertained. In such cases, either protonuclein or thyroid ex- 
tract, followed by c. p. solution, tend to promote the growth 
of the testes. They should be persevered with for some months, 
and at the same time, occasionally kephalin or oats. The 
scrotum should be enveloped in the saw-palmetto ointment. 

Hematospermia. — Bloddy serum may arise from a large 
number of causes inherent in the individual. — constitutional 
tional taints, diathesis, the presence of disease germs, as those 
of tubercle, syphilis, rheumatism, gout, may give rise to muco- 
purulent discharges, with slight capillary hemorrhage. 

Again, it may arise from inflammation due to a variety of 
causes, some of them extravenous to the organism, as trauma- 



y?8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tism and contact with germ-laden secretions, pus, the gonococ- 
cus, purulent tubercular inflammation of the vulva, which is a 
common cause of prostatorrhea in all who happen to have coitus 
with such. 

Urethral discharges with blood may follow the ingestion of 
asparagus, parsley and some drugs — often a sequel of the soli- 
tary vice of masturbation, sexual excesses,, especially with 
harlots. 

The seminal fluid may be discolored in various ways — pus 
changes its color from gray to white; an admixture of blood 
to a bright or dark red, or orange ; in some cases a light or dark 
blue. 

The true source of bloody semen is to be traced to the seminal 
vesicles, and is either preceded or followed by chronic inflam- 
mation, which is of indefinite duration. 

Bloody semen, from whatever cause, is a precursor of im- 
potency. 

Such cases demand immediate care and sound treatment; 
no matter what the causes may be, — the bicycle, horseback ex- 
ercise, sexual excesses, gonorrhea, etc., — it must be removed, 
and then a thorough regulation of all the patient's habits. The 
best of all therapeutic agents is the great sexual sedative and 
astringent, the ozonized extract of black-willow bark, a highly 
vitalizing remedy to the reproductive organs of both sexes, 
administered orally; as a suppository per rectum; as a bougie 
for urethra. 

The different preparations of the black willow are infallible 
in checking all leakages from the male sexual organs. 

Structural Changes in the Testes in the Aged. — Our 
very best authority on this subject says that in the testicles of 
the aged two distinct stages may be recognized in the process 
of involution and decay to which they are liable. In the first 
the epithelium of the seminal tubules, and also that of the 
tubules of the globus major of the epididymis, undergoes more 
or less complete fatty degeneration, and partly disappears ; the 
tunica propria of the tubules of the testicle becomes somewhat 
thickened, but the intervening intertubular connective tissue 
remains practically unaltered. In the epididymis the muscu- 
lar wall of the tubule is replaced by fibrous connective tissue, 
and the intertubular connective tissue is increased, dense, and 
fibrous. In the second stage the seminal tubules are much re- 
duced in size, the epithelium having in great measure disap- 
peared, leaving only in many instances a single layer of long, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 779 

tapering, columnar cells lining and filling the tubule, the cen- 
tral spermatozoa-producing cells having completely disap- 
peared, while the tunica propria is greatly thickened from pro- 
liferation of its own connective-tissue cells and the formation 
of a fibrous matrix. The intertubular connective tissue is in 
this second stage relatively increased, owing, perhaps, to the 
diminution in size of the seminal tubules, but it still remains 
of loose texture, and contains, as in the normal organ, many 
connective-tissue cells. The epididymis shows no other changes 
than those incident to the first stage. Besides those described 
there is a third change which is more partial, and resembles the 
result of the inflammatory process. It is usually observed in 
the small or shrunken testicles of old men, and affects both 
organs. In the altered patches the seminal tubules in the ma- 
jority of instances are completely transformed into fibrous 
cells derived from the degenerated cells of the seminal tubes, 
fissure, which represents the original lumen, traces of epithelial 
cells derived from the degenerated cells of the seminal tubes. 
The intertubular connective tissue is increased in amount, and 
converted into a dense fibrous variety. 

The ambrosia tablets, with large doses of ozonized passiflora, 
relieve this condition promptly. 

Neuralgia, due to a tightness of the capsule of the testes, is 
best relieved by the administration of saw-palmetto supposi- 
tories and orally by passiflora. 

Celibacy gives rise to atrophy, and neuralgia follows. 

All acronarcotic drugs alter the composition and function, 
blight the secretory power of the testes. No spermatozoa are 
evolved. All diseases have the same action. 

Irritation of the Testes Gives Rise to Inflammation 
of the Seminal Vesicles. — An exceedingly common form of 
inflammation, met with in either the acute, subacute or chronic 
form, predisposed to by the tubercular diathesis. The com- 
mon causes are bicycle riding, gonorrhea, masturbation, sexual 
excesses. 

At the present time, nearly all physicians have numerous 
cases under treatment. 

In any of the three forms, there are marked disturbance of 
the sexual functions, either a diminution of sexual desire or 
it may have disappeared altogether. In a small minority the 
desire is increased. In some, erections are almost absent, while 
in others they are persistent. The act of ejaculation is very 
precipitate, or it may be tardy and accompanied by much pain, 



780 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

and followed by pain in the perineal region. Seminal emis- 
sions are also frequent. The amount of fluid ejected is small 
and the spermatozoa are lifeless and reduced in numbers. 

When inflammation of the seminal vesicles originates from 
a gonorrhea, there is likely to be pus, often in a considerable 
amount, and even traces of blood, which gives rise to a greenish 
coloration, owing to the oxidation of the hemoglobin. A con- 
siderable amount is characteristic of a severe case. Functional 
derangements of micturition are invariably present; besides, 
there is pain in evacuation of the bowels; pain at the neck of 
the bladder; pain in the epididymis and in the vesicle itself 
when the bladder is distended. 

In order to make a correct diagnosis the seminal vesicles 
must be examined per rectum when the bladder is full, one 
finger being introduced through the anus, while with the other 
hand pressure is applied to the hypogastric region. By this 
means the lower half of the vesicle can be felt. If diseased, 
it will be distended and tender to the touch, especially in the 
acute cases. By pressing on the vesicle and drawing the finger 
along it some of its contents can be pushed into the urethra, 
and on urination they can be collected and examined. 

In treating these cases, rest in the recumbent position, en- 
emata of a solution of ozonized boroglycerid, as hot as can be 
borne, at least thrice daily; each enema, when passed, should 
be followed by the introduction of a boroglycerid suppository 
per rectum; at bedtime a cocain suppository should be used. 
Internally, large doses of the green root tincture of gelsemium 
should be administered, alternated with full doses of the black 
willow extract. 

The testicles should be supported by a suspensory, and fre- 
quently bathed with the ozonized distillation of witch-hazel, 
If there be much discharge from the urethra, no injections 
should be used, but rigid cleanliness observed. If the case is 
carefully guarded, there will be no danger of perineal abscess. 

Atrophy or Blight of Testes. — Any damage that will 
cause a blight or wasting of the testes will produce an analo- 
gous condition in the brain and seminal secretion. 

Masturbation, sexual excesses, drain of the nervo-vital fluid, 
weaken the cerebrum and impair all the intellectual faculties, 
even to a wiping out of the typical fissures of thought. 

Still more disastrous atrophy of the spinal cord and cere- 
bellum, with disturbed sensory and motor power. 

In some young men and women between fifteen and twenty- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 781 

five, victims of the practice, a careful examination of many 
hundred cases reveals the fact that in many cases the cerebral 
hemispheres are reduced nearly one-half their normal size, 
that atrophy of the organic cell has commenced. 

An examination of the blood of those cases shows it to be 
chemically identical with the blood of the insane or epileptic. 

A few years ago such cases were deemed incurable, but now 
we have received valuable additions to our armanment arium for 
the cure of cerebral atrophy, in the shape of the thyroid extract, 
spermin and cerebrin. In all cases the cause must be removed ; 
that is, if the atrophy of the brain in young subjects be clue 
to seminal losses, these must be entirely put a stop to. Tinc- 
ture of the green root of gelsemium ozonized must be admin- 
instered so freely, under proper precautions, that neither the 
scintillation of sexual desire nor an erection is visible. Ozon- 
ized black-willow bark, salix nigra suppository and bougie will 
perfectly close or shut off all seminal oozing. 

There and then only is the time to place the patient upon 
thyroid, spermin and cerebrin ; remedies which have completely 
revolutionized the treatment and cure of all nervous diseases. 

Ozonized thyroid extract is the basis of all permanent cures 
by the organic extracts. It stimulates the evolution of the 
primary cell, the very origin of the basis of a new life, and is 
a specific remedy in myxedema, idiocy, feeble-mindedness, and 
all forms of congenital' deficiency. The remedy is compara- 
tively new, but offers great possibilities ; exerts some wondrous 
influence direct or indirect upon the growth of the central 
nervous system ; it secretes a nerve pabulum ; a substance useful 
to the metabolism of the blood; very vitalizing to the repro- 
ductive organs. 

Once the remedy becomes better appreciated, more thor- 
oughly understood, we see in it a possible treatment for cancer, 
tuberculosis, psoriasis, leprosy, epilepsy, insanity ; a reconstruc- 
tion of old effete tissues; a new memory, improved sight and 
hearing, and great mental vigor. To effect all this, thyroid 
must be administered with great care, and by the mouth only. 
Individual constitutions differ so much in their power of re- 
sisting this drug that the maximum amount necessary to be- 
come efficient is fifteen drops. In some cases, this can be given 
every day ; in others, once or twice a week. 

Wasting of the testes, from whatever cause, gives rise to im- 
potence and sterility. Orthodox teaching says it is poverty of 
the nerve force, but the testes suffer by all forms of cerebral 
tension. 



782 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Impotence due to a poverty of nerve force is common; due 
to malformation, rare. It is acquired by struggle, worry, 
strain, nerve-tire, brainwork; sexual indifference is well 
marked in users of tobacco, alcohol and opium habits; in such 
states the rendezvous of soul is withered, blighted, whittled 
down; the sexual appetite is extinguished by masturbation or 
perverted methods of congress. Venereal disease, balanitis, 
chancres on the glans penis destroy its finer sensibility, de- 
preciate vigor, virile power; masturbation weakens the power 
of erection; so do early excesses; so do gonorrrhea, stricture, 
irritable and enlarged prostate ; so does tightness or absence of 
the prepuce. The glans penis possesses the highest degree of 
sensibility — this faculty is paramount to all others. 

Masturbation is the cause of spermatorrhea/ the loss, the 
oozing away of the nervo-vital fluid, whether it be diurnal or 
nocturnal ; disease of prostate ; damaged, irritable, inflamed, 
enlarged, weakened cord and brain ; then failure of procreative 
power. All this may be oblivious to the patient ; semen passing 
in the urine unobserved, or at stool, or the prostatic secretion 
with spermatozoa may flow back into the bladder and be dis- 
charged during micturition and giving rise to impotence. 

In our modern state of civilization our condition of mental 
preoccupation operates adversely, and is most efficacious in pro- 
ducing impotency. There are numerous factors at work that 
impair or abolish sexual power, as plethora or obesity, emacia- 
tion; the latent germs of cancer, syphilis, tubercle, which en- 
gender local atrophy, or wasting of the glands or organs. A 
weakening, a failure, an abolition of the sexual appetite, 
through or by atrophy of the testes, wipes out the rugged traces 
of the masculine. 

Since the discovery and introduction of the organic extracts, 
a new era has dawned upon all who have wasted or atrophied 
testes. 

The c. p. solution of spermin administered in cases of tes- 
ticular atrophy works wonders ; it is nature's remedy for build- 
ing up and renovating the weakened, devitalized testes. 

This is the remedy for spiritless and exhausted men — for the 
ambitionless and easily exhausted — all suffering from sexual 
atrophy. 

This vital restorative, when administered, does not do one 
thing, it does many ; but all for health, all for vigor, for it not 
only enriches, but strengthens, builds up and rejuvenates the 
whole body, and brings growth, vernal power and strength to 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 783 

the weakened or wasted reproductive glands. The efficacy of 
the remedy, its rapid assimilation is greatly increased by the 
administration of the ambrosia orientalis tablets and two doses 
of thyroid extract per week. 

Degeneration of the Testes. — Normal sexual inter- 
course is a sedative and tonic, promoting sleep, calming and 
strengthening the nervous system. Even an auxiliary to the 
perfect performance of the bodily functions; whereas, excess 
gives rise to precisely the opposite conditions, — insomnia, 
nervous bankruptcy, exhaustion. 

Unnatural methods of intercourse are most decidedly in- 
jurious, nay, disastrous, such as withdrawal, the use con- 
dums, and like devices; together with prolonged intercourse, 
and dalliance without gratification ; such, together with sexual 
incompatibility, invariably bring irreparable ruin, impotency. 
with either atrophy or hypertrophy of both prostate and testes. 

Of all degenerative causes, masturbation, mechanical pres- 
sure, and disease germs are the most common. 

Glandular degeneration is exceedingly common, but amend- 
able to our newer remedies, such as protonuclein, thyroid ex- 
tract, c. p. solution of spermin, kephalin, avena, and that inval- 
uable sexual stimulant, ambrosia orientalis tablets. These, with 
a generous phosphatic diet, seldom fail in atrophy; but in en- 
largement, which is made up of the products of inflammation, 
adventitious tissue, the products of bacterial life, alteratives and 
absorbents are indispensable. 

Degenerative changes may attack one testicle, leaving the 
other normal, which may be sufficient for both internal and ex- 
ternal secretion — the former for vigor; the latter for pro- 
creation — and both male and female children be the result of 
a. union ; for the determination of sex depends on other condi- 
tions. 

The dominant energy of the male, the higher type, reveals 
itself; if impregnation occurs before a menstrual period, males 
are always the result; if impregnation takes place after men- 
struation, the outcome is a female, a devitalization through 
menstruation. 

There is nothing so likely to set up degenerative changes in 
testes as masturbation. This is highly detrimental, and is 
clearly seen in the frequent seminal discharges which occur 
both by day and night, and to the infertile nature of these dis- 
charges. Testes undergoing degenerative changes give off a 
secretion which is readily seen under the microscope. If the 



784 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

damage to the testes has not reflexly involved the spinal cord 
and brain to any extent, the discharges can be arrested by the 
ozonized extract of black willow bark, and the semen rendered 
fertile by the exhibition of such remedies as the ambrosia orient- 
alis tablets, spermin, oats, kephalin. 

Absence or degeneration of the testes is necessarily attended 
with absolute impotence; where they are retained in the ab- 
domen, they may secrete, but be devoid of spermatozoa. An 
arrest of development diminishes virility. Celibacy, in which 
the testes shrink, gives rise to atrophy. Loss of the testes from 
disease or surgical procedure is presumptive of an inability to 
procreate. The use of alcohol, by hard drinkers, is followed 
by fatty degeneration, absolute azoospermia; but, unless long 
continued, does not necessarily involve atrophy. The off and 
on use of alcoholic drinks has a peculiar blighting effect on 
the spermatozoa, giving us small-brained, feeble-minded off- 
spring. All disorders of the body, but especially the mind and 
testes, disease generally, but neurasthenia specially, are accom- 
panied with either temporary or permanent absence of sper- 
matozoa, which, if prolonged, lead to total disorganization. . 

All such cases are amenable to the exhibition of ambrosia, 
orientalis tablets, to the ozonized thyroid extract, to the c. p. 
solution of spermin, to protonuclein, to kephalin and avena. 

Degeneration of the Testes Due to the Presence of 
Tubercular Bacilli. — If an individual has the tubercular 
bacilli in his blood and possesses weakened testes, from some 
or other of the causes hinted at, the germ will probably 
invade those parts, not the testes proper, but the epididymis, 
implicating first one, then the other. When this takes place,, 
the epididymis becomes hard, knotty, increases in size, in a 
semicircular or crescentic form. Its extension to the tunica 
vaginalis is signalized by the formation of hydrocele. 

Azoospermia invariably precedes the deposit of the tuber- 
cular germ in the testes, and renders the subject sterile. Even 
in tubercular epididymitis, where the testes are so closely allied 
by reflex ties, it is apt to abolish the function of the gland. 

The migration of the tubercular bacillus to the testes is gen- 
erally the result of some irritation. When once there it is 
characterized by rapid growth — speedy degeneration of the 
testes. To be successful in treatment, the patient must be 
placed upon germicides, such as glycerite of ozone, mistura 
guaiacol, thyroid extract, c. p. solution of spermin, and for a 
continuous tonic comp. tinct. matricaria. 



AND Dictionary of Diseases. 785 

The scrotum should be bathed morning and night, well 
dried, then an ointment of c. p. guaiacol rubbed ln y then en- 
cased in a suspensory bandage. A suppository of gruaiacol is 
used with much advantage. 

Saxifraga in these cases is invaluable; otherwise the best of 
nutrition. All means to build up the general health. 

When the localization of the germ in the testes is followed 
by degenerative changes in the tubercle itself, caseous, cal- 
careous, with abscess, general principles must be observed. 

Degeneration of the Testes in which the Microbe 
of Cancer Appear in Their Secreting Substance. — Sup- 
pose the individual with weakened or damaged testes has the 
microbe of cancer in his blood. It will, provided proper pre- 
cautions be not taken, likely migrate, localize and grow in the 
weakened gland, in its secreting substance, generally in the 
form of a fleshy growth (sarcoma) with cancer spores. 
Usually the patient attributes this to an injury, but unnatural 
practices lie at the root of the trouble. 

In this structure the microbe proliferates rapidly, the testes 
enlarge, become painful, general health deteriorates. In some 
cases they maintain their normal shape and become elastic, give 
a deceptive sense of fluctuation, but normal testicular sensa- 
tion is lost. The germ may localize in any portion of the 
gland, but progressively it invades all its structures. By and 
by the tunica vaginalis is perforated externally by a fungating, 
bleeding mass. Later the spermatic cord becomes involved; 
and later still, the lumbar, iliac and other lymphatics become 
Invaded, together with the viscera. 

Cancer germs thus completely destroy and disorganize the 
-parenchyma of the testes. 

In the treatment of cancer of the testes, our only hope is in 
-comp. saxifraga, glycerite of sulphur and Chian turpentine 
mistura, relieving pain with the comp. conium pill; locally 
the scrotum should be covered with conium ointment. Gen- 
eral principles must be observed in cases where a general break- 
down is inevitable, and a free use of peroxide of hydrogen in- 
troduced into the scrotum is of great value. 

Degeneration of the Testes Caused by the Presence 
of the Gonococcus and Germ Syphilitica. — Although the 
gonococcus, the pathogenic microbe of gonorrhea, is too feeble 
to enter the blood, when in the urethra or vagina, it is liable to 
migrate to the prostate and testes of the male and the uterus 
and the ovaries of the female, when sporulation, if the health 



786 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

be feeble, takes place with amazing rapidity, giving rise to a 
very stubborn form of impotency. 

The germ syphilitica, a vigorous pathogenic microbe, enters 
the blood, and like all other disease germs, takes up its abode 
in the weakened tissues or glands, and in the testes; this mi- 
crobe forms nests or cysts, usually in one or other of three 
forms, cystic fibroma, cystic myxoma, sarcoma, usually mixed 
with cartilage and pieces of unstriped muscle. The cysts are 
commonly lined with spheroidal or flattened epithelium. 

Syphilitic orchitis is the common form, and involves impo- 
tence by destroying the secreting power of the organ. 

The testes proper become uneven in syphilis, the testicular 
sensation is lost. 

The epididymis remains unaltered until lost in the encroach- 
ing testes. Pain may be absent or confined to an aching in the 
loins. 

One organ usually first becomes enlarged ; the other, if no 
treatment is resorted to, soon follows. Later they may de- 
generate into a fibrous mass. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea the greatest precautions 
should be observed that the testes do not suffer from the mi- 
gration of the germ from the urethra; hence copious injec- 
tions of the distillation of eucalyptus, after each micturition; 
internally that sovereign remedy, llaretta. If this course be 
pursued, there will be no complications. 

For the destruction of the syphilitic germ in the testes, comp. 
saxifraga is the remedy, persistently administered. The 
chloride of gold and platinum is also efficient. Phytolacca is 
excellent. The thyroid extract treatment has been successful 
in my hands. An ointment of the periodate aurum is of great 
efficacy rubbed into the testicle morning and night. 

Varicocele. — A varicose condition of the veins of the 
spermatic cord and testes. 

It may be either the result of inherent debility or a weakness 
acquired by masturbation or sexual excesses, or abnormal 
methods of coitus, and intercourse with courtesans. 

Large or small in extent, it invariably gives rise to imperfect 
nutrition of testicle; and if not thoroughly appreciated by the 
attending physician, and the proper remedies prescribed, it 
terminates in impotency. 

Neglected or overlooked it may become quite large, and as 
it enlarges it destroys the delicate glandular structure of the 
testes, and gives rise to complete impotency; reflexly its irrita- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 787 

tion gives rise to seminal losses that cannot be relieved until 
the varicocele is cured. 

The recognition of varicocele is easy; the history of the 
case — the left side; a swelling, dilating when he coughs, dis- 
appearing some or altogether when he lies down; reappearing 
when in the upright position; feeling like a bag of worms; 
atrophy of the testicle, and complete impotency; imperfect cir- 
culation and seminal disease, with aching and peculiar itching 
on the skin of the scrotum, are a few of the landmarks. 

Its constant irritation, the dragging in the back, and general 
progressive debility, with complete loss of sexual power, soon 
attracts the attention of the sufferer. 

The inability for coition is a physical disability, a loss of 
erectile power. The sympathetic soon becomes involved and a 
feeling of disgust toward his partner, and a lack of self- 
confidence soon takes place. In such cases there is a combined 
oozing of semen without the slightest erection. Impotence 
becomes so complete that even the closest contact with the op- 
posite sex fails to revive the faintest scintillation of an erec- 
tion. If by chance the slightest erection should occur, a prema- 
ture discharge of thin, watery, infertile semen follows; besides, 
the ejaculatory ducts are relaxed, patulous, unable to hold the 
semen, and it dribbles away, and the muscular fibres of the 
prostate are paralyzed and unable to promote the ejaculation 
of seminal fluid. 

The deductions founded on an observation of over 5,000 
cases are : that the dilated or varicose veins are found in one 
or other of three varieties — the veins of the cord, dilated, 
elongated, extending from the external abdominal ring down 
to the testicle ; in other cases, a large globular swelling massed 
around the testicle, extending upwards, and in some other cases 
it begins at the external ring and proceeds downwards. 

The anatomical relation of the parts is always of importance. 
The left vein is always longer and larger than the right ; more- 
over, it receives one or more (generally two) branches from 
the descending colon; these colico-spermatic branches, which 
communicate with the radicles of the portal system, vary 
greatly in size ; also the junction of the pampiniform plexus to 
form the spermatic vein may take place at any point between 
the level of the external abdominal ring below and the middle 
of the iliac crest above, the commonest situation being either 
just below the upper end of the inguinal canal, or immediately 
inside the abdomen above the internal abdominal ring. The 



788 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

valves in the veins and plexus may be absent altogether, or may 
be very numerous; abnormalities are rare on the right side, 
but comparatively common on the left. 

The testicle is generally imperfectly developed, and is often 
considerably softer or even smaller; in some cases very small 
and hard. The softness and smallness are due to improper 
development, to the irritating effect of masturbation or sexual 
perversion. 

In the cure of varicocele, not a ray of hope is to be obtained 
from any surgical proceeding which consists in the ligation of 
the veins of the cord, an operation not only dangerous but 
futile. 

Eighty-five per cent of persons coming under observation 
with varicocele showed evidence of varix in other parts, scars 
of old navi, etc. 

In the treatment of this affection all causes must be removed, 
especially masturbation, falls, strains, hoisting, bicycle and 
horseback exercise. 

The general health should be improved by every possible 
means; tonics, alteratives, massage, best of diet — everything 
calculated to build up and reinvigorate the general health 
should be resorted to. 

The scrotum and the surrounding parts should be thor- 
oughly bathed morning and night, thoroughly dried, and sub- 
sequently literally drenched with the ozonized distillation of 
witch-hazel. 

After the morning bath, the scrotum should be encased in a 
well-fitting suspensory bandage during the day, and at night 
thorough bathing and saturation with the witch-hazel. 

This preparation of witch-hazel has many valuable proper- 
ties which no other form possesses, namely, it holds in suspen- 
sion more hazelin, which is thea ctive principle, and penetrates 
thoroughly. This element exercises a most remarkable action 
upon all veins, for which it has an affinity ; it is a tonic, highly 
vitalizing to the coats of the vessels; bracing, astringent, and 
is of essential service in all cases of varicocele. 

It is thus of signal value; incomparable in its action, ex- 
celling all other local applications. 

As a tonic in this affection, our preference is for the comp. 
tincture of matricaria, as it is superior to all other general 
remedies. 

Decide at once upon a reliable tonic, and then a special course 
of treatment should be decided on. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 789 

The cure of varicocele by the animal extracts has been 
demonstrated to be a success, the exhibition of the thyroid 
extract and c. p. solution of spermin having the preference. 
Both are administered internally, and the thyroid in the form 
of an oleate rubbed over the affected veins at night. 

The success resulting from this treatment has been immense. 
We could enumerate many hundred cases which were pro- 
nounced incurable which have been radically cured by this 
method. 

The matricaria before meals, the spermin two hours after 
eating, with occasional doses of thyroid. These extracts have 
been extensively used with success in the cure of varicocele. 

Another remedy of intrinsic value has been utilized in the 
cure of this affection, namely, protonuclein. It is administered 
orally, by suppository, and by. hypodermic injection into the 
cellular over the dilated veins, or by denuding the skin with 
cantharidal collodion and dusting it on. Successful specialists 
avail themselves of this active principle, obtained from the in- 
ternal secreting glands, in place of the hitherto more commonly 
employed nuclein obtained from yeast. 

No medicament has ever exhibited such power in vitalizing 
the weakened veins by promoting a renewal of life by leukocy- 
tosis as protonuclein. 

The saw-palmetto suppository has a vitalizing action on the 
testes and veins of the spermatic cord, and never should be over- 
looked. The internal use of the remedy in the fluid extract 
form is of little value ; but in suppository form, where it lies 
and melts over the gland, it is of immense value. 

Wreckage of the Male Sexual Organ. — Disease, de- 
generation and death of the sexual organs of both sexes are 
marvelously on the increase, owing chiefly to the alarming, 
widespread dissemination of the gonococcus, and devastating 
influence of the venereal bacillus, masturbation, and perversion 
of the sexual act. A large number of such conditions are the 
chief cause of sexual incompetency, structural change and 
atrophy of the testes. 

Of the various morbid states of the testicle, none are so com- 
mon as cystic conditions due to the above causes. 

Next in order of frequency is an atrophied state of the testis ; 
then follows varicocele of the cord, and encysted hydrocele of 
the testis. This latter state consists of cysts arising in connec- 
tion with the testicle, but outside of the tunica vaginalis. Such 
cysts are of two kinds, either small pedunculated bodies, in the 



790 The Germicide 20th. Century Practice 

cavity of the tunica vaginalis, or outside of it. Such cysts 
rarely exceed the size of a large cherry. One only or several 
may be present. These cysts arise from the tubes, and if the 
cause of production be still present, they may attain the size 
of an orange, and so envelop the testis as to be mistaken for a 
hydrocele. Such cysts may contain clear fluid, or partly san- 
guineous or even spermatozoa ; the presence of these bodies be- 
ing accounted for by the close relation of the parts to the gen- 
eral excretory ducts of the testis. The lining epithelium of 
such cysts may be flattened, cubical, columnar, and even cili- 
ated. 

The same causes give rise to adenomata of the testis. 
Usually these tumors are reported as cystic sarcomata, cystic 
fibromata, or myxomata, all equally unfortunate terms. It 
may be easily shown that many of the adenomata arise outside 
the true tissue of the testis, for in most of them the body of this 
organ is flattened out until it forms merely an attenuated cov- 
ering to the tumor. 

The victims of sexual impotency and wreckage of vital parts 
of the generative organs are our drained-out youths and 
middle-aged libertines. 

The testes in such cases fail to secrete. Or if they do, the 
spermatozoa are dwarfed, infertile. 

Such degenerative changes as testicular cysts have, by the 
older remedies, been deemed incurable; but selected drugs 
from our modern materia medica not only palliate, but retard, 
and in some cases their use is attended with decided benefit. 
A general alterative and tonic course is invariably beneficial. 
In all forms of testicular atrophy we have derived great benefit 
from either the exhibition of the ambrosia tablets comp. or 
comp. matricaria before meals ; with teaspoonful doses of c. p. 
solution of spermin two hours after eating, with occasional 
doses of kephalin or avena or thyroid extract. The persistent 
administration of these have a marked action in exciting the 
evolution, growth, size, number and activity of the spermatozoa, 
at the same time the testis, for if the semen reappear, it is a sure 
sign of returning health. 

Incasing the scrotum in a suspensory bandage, lined or 
coated with saw-palmetto ointment, and administering proto- 
nuclein in suppository form, so as to induce leukocytosis in the 
testes, has proved of service in my hands in many cases. 

Inflammation of the Prostate Gland. — Partial death 
of the prostate may be the result of some injury. The rude 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 791 

introduction of catheters; exposure to cold; to the presence 
of gouty elements in the blood ; to the microbe of gonorrhea ; 
structures, masturbation, sexual excesses, perversion of the 
sexual act — incompatibility; horse and bicycle exercise and 
many other conditions, all of which give rise to inflammation, 
gleety discharge and enlargement. In the treatment of all 
forms of irritation and inflammation of the prostate, rest in 
bed, dry heat to the perineum, demulcent drinks, barley-water 
and sweet spirits of nitre. 

The largest possible dose of green root tincture of gelsemium 
and passiflora incarnata should be administered which the pa- 
tient with safety can take — their physiological action main- 
tained by frequent administration until all symptoms have 
ceased. The action of these two remedies can be greatly aided 
by the alternate administration, every three hours, of a cocain 
and boroglycerid suppository, and should be continued for 
some months. 

As soon as every vestige of inflammation has ceased, an 
alterative and tonic course of treatment should be pursued for 
some months, of which comp. saxifraga should be the leading 
remedy. 

Unless such a course as the above is pursued, the case will 
run into either prostatorrhea or hypertrophy. 

Chronic Prostatitis. — Probably there is no nation out- 
side of France in which chronic inflammation of the prostate 
is so common as in the United States of North America. The 
very great prevalence of this malady may be due to venereal 
excesses, masturbation, sexual perversion, cycling, gonorrhea, 
stricture, sedentary habits, passage of instruments into the 
bladder, certain drugs ; one or all tend to keep up an irritation, 
a congestion of the prostate, but especially the prostate urethra ; 
the irritation following the track of the mucous coat to the 
gland, the substance of which may be normal. 

An irritable, congested prostate urethra gives rise to fre- 
quent, often difficult micturition, with a slight bearing down 
and uneasiness in the perineum, with the passage of a mucous 
discharge, simulating the discharges of spermatorrhea, much 
greater when at stool. If it is an old chronic case, the sensi- 
bility may be in a great measure blunted, and the difficulty of 
urination may not be great, although the force of the stream 
and dribbling after micturition may be prominent, owing to the 
spasm of the compressor urethrae. A very significant train of 
symptoms are frequent erections, erotic desires, with frequent 



79 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

seminal emissions, followed by either partial or complete impo- 
tency. Neuralgic pains may exist in back and groin, and the 
moisture or weeping from the orifice of the urethra may be 
variable, consisting of mucus, prostatic secretion, pus flakes 
and spermatozoa. A rectal examination shows the prostate 
to be enlarged and tender. In old cases, residual urine likely 
to be present from the enlargement. 

Chronic inflammation of the prostate, which is quite common 
in men between thirty and forty years, must not be confounded 
with the general hypertrophy incidental to old age, which 
occurs over sixty-five, the result of natural decay. 

The treatment of chronic prostatitis in men under sixty 
should be both general and local ; every article of diet and drink 
which gives rise to the formation of uric acid should be care- 
fully avoided; sleep upon a hair mattress; have moderate ex- 
ercise in the open air ; bowels kept open, abundance of nourish- 
ing food given, and the urine kept in a neutral condition by 
saline diuretics. 

As for remedies to bring about a renewal of life in the 
prostate I have found the alternate use of the ozonized extracts 
of black willow and saw palmetto internally to be unexcelled 
as vital restoratives to the entire reproductive system; their 
oral use can be greatly aided by bougies and suppositories of 
the same. Indeed, the direct method of applying remedies, 
especially the cocain, saw-palmetto and black-willow supposi- 
tories, and the soluble ozonized bougies to the devitalized parts, 
is a great step in advance. 

The sedative action of the green root tincture of gelsemium 
is greatly enhanced by adding it to double the quantity of 
passiflora incarnata. 

Just as soon as a slight improvement takes place the saw- 
palmetto suppository should be used thrice daily. 

The secretion of the prostate acts as a vehicle in which the 
spermatozoa are floated ; a milky fluid, showing under the 
microscope cylindrical epithelial cells, white blood-corpuscles, 
amyloid bodies and glistening granules. If a few drops of a 
one per cent solution of phosphate of ammonia be added to 
the fluid under the microscope, spermatic crystals are formed. 
In all irritable conditions of the prostate, whether the result of 
a gonorrhea, or masturbation, or spermatorrhea, or sexual 
perversion or senile enlargement, there is a catarrh of the 
prostate which is often chronic and troublesome to cure ; with it 
invariably spermatozoa escape. In such cases, the saw-pal- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 793 

metto suppository is the most efficient remedy, one morning 
and noon and an ichthyol suppository at bedtime. 

The medicament in this form lies right behind the prostate, 
melts and by endosmosis penetrates the gland; much more 
efficient than any remedy on the stomach. 

Prostatorrhea. — A catarrh from the prostate gland, which 
consists in a discharge from the prethra of the prostatic secre- 
tion. This affection may exist without any active inflamma- 
tion of the prostate, being simply a state of weakness, relaxa- 
tion, with a slight degree of irritation, passive congestion, 
which gives rise to hypersecretion from the tubular glands of 
the prostate. It often exists without any assignable cause, 
and enters largely into and acts as a complication to numerous 
other disorders. 

The causes which give rise to this catarrhal condition of the 
prostate are very numerous, such as masturbation, perversion 
of the sexual act, as in dalliance, or withdrawal in the act of 
ejaculating the semen; marital excesses; wearing condums; 
sexual incompatibility; having congress with women whose 
vaginas are large and whose sphincter fibres have lost their 
contractility, or who suffer from leukorrhea, prolapse, intra- 
uterine catarrh; imperfectly cured gonorrhea; chronic inflam- 
mation, stricture; spasm of the compressor urethral muscles; 
rectal disorders; intemperance in eating and drinking; seden- 
tary habits ; horseback exercise ; bicycle riding. 

The use of certain drugs, as copaiba, cantharides, spirits of 
turpentine; cathartics, as aloes, colecynth. 

Whatever is likely to cause a determination of blood to the 
part. 

The most prominent symptoms of the disease consist in the 
discharge of either a ropy, viscid mucus, or a thin milky exuda- 
tion from the meatus, so slight in some cases as to simply ag- 
glutinate the lips together, or there may be several drops or 
more, sufficient to induce a sensation of wetness, and constitut- 
ing what is termed a weeping penis. Much or little, there is 
always an increased quantity expressed from the urethra in 
straining at stool, or in the act of micturition, sneezing, cough- 
ing, laughing, riding, drinking malt or alcoholic liquors, and 
by the contraction of the perineal and other muscles. The 
escape of this fluid is occasionally attended either with a sharp 
stinging, or even pleasurable sensation. In some cases the 
patient may experience a dropping sensation in the urethra, 
due to a reflex contraction of the muscular substance of the 



794 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

prostate, induced by a repletion of its glands with the secretion 
and its consequent discharge into the prostatic sinus, or there 
may be a constant feeling of moisture in the canal. All these 
abnormal sensations are increased by erections. 

In addition to those symptoms there is often frequent and 
urgent desire to evacuate the bladder, occasional scalding in 
urination; if coition takes place, the ejaculations are hot, pain- 
ful; a sense of weight and fullness in the rectum; pain in the 
perineum increased by standing, exercise, or warm weather; 
pain, radiating through the pelvis, hips, groin, thighs ; a con- 
stant sense of weariness about the loins ; nervous exhaustion ; 
hypochondriasis. 

The diagnosis of this affection is based entirely on the mi- 
croscopic appearance of the discharge, not on any symptom 
mentioned by the patient, because the escape of this fluid causes 
him great alarm, as he firmly believes that he is suffering from 
a loss of semen, whereas the discharge contains no spermal 
elements; still the frequency and persistency of the moisture, 
the slimy urethral discharge at stool exercises a most damaging 
effect on the mental and bodily organism of the patient. It 
is true, that in some cases there may be an involuntary dis- 
charge of semen with it. 

If the discharge be placed in the field of the microscope there 
will be seen epithelial casts; refractory and colorless granules 
of lecithin ; minute yellow, concentric amyloid concretions and 
phosphate of magnesium, and an entire absence of spermatozoa. 

True, the spermatozoa are very often mutilated and mixed 
with other secretions, and are difficult to detect. 

Catarrh of the prostate gland is a very common sequel of 
gonorrhea when of long standing, badly treated, or when it 
occurs in patients whose health is out of order or impaired ; it 
may also follow sexual excesses, masturbation and perversions 
of the sexual act. Other sources of irritation, as bicycle ex- 
ercise, stone in the bladder, uric acid in the urine, and diseases 
of the rectum. 

As a rule, the catarrhal discharge is extremely contagious, 
being loaded with a variety of germs ; it is most decided after 
inflammation and when complicated with cystitis and epi- 
didymitis. 

In chronic prostatorrhea, enlargement of the lobes or gen- 
eral hypertrophy, there is a discharge, turbid, loaded with cell 
elements, pus-corpuscles and prostatic degeneration, milky 
flocculent. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 795 

The diagnosis of such cases is most important; too much 
stress must not be laid upon any one symptom ; a microscopical 
examination of the discharge should be made, for if the color- 
less or whitish drop contains spermatozoa, the case is spermator- 
rhea and not catarrh of the prostate. 

In making a diagnosis, we must bear in mind that the normal 
function of the prostate is to furnish an alkaline fluid in which 
the spermatozoa may float, and like the sexual apparatus itself, 
is kept in a healthy condition by the co-ordination of the nerve 
centres. The proper secretion of all glands depends on a 
healthy nervous system. If the centre is perverted, the circula- 
tion of blood through the prostate is vitiated. The seat of 
sexual desire is in the base of the brain. The nerve centre for 
the sexual organs is situated in the lumbar enlargement of the 
function is perfect; but when sexual glands discharge their 
peculiar secretion into a common emunctory or outlet, it 
is difficult without microscopicl aid to positively distinguish 
them. 

In prostatorrhea there is no semen, no loss of that brain 
secretion which is intrinsically the most valuable fluid in the 
body, life itself, one ounce of which is richer by far than forty 
ounces of arterial blood, the loss of which in chronic prostatitis 
and spermatorrhea enervates, whittles down, produces pre- 
mature decay, lost manhood, fills our lunatic asylums, and gives 
rise to suicidal mania. 

The point of diagnosis is that in the white, slimy, glossy or 
milky catarrhal discharge from the prostate there is no semen. 

In forming a prognosis, it must be clearly understood that it 
is always a most obstinate affection, unless it is subjected to 
early and persevering treatment. Besides, it is one which gives 
rise to great mental disquietude and it is often difficult to im- 
press upon the patient the true nature of the disease. 

In the treatment the cause must if possible be removed, a 
mild but efficient alterative and tonic course of remedies 
brought to bear on the case; bowels must be kept regular by 
every possible means, the use of kola-nut paste, enemata of tepid 
water; morning and evening a sitz bath; a generous diet in- 
culcated. Rigidly forbid driving, riding and walking, as pro- 
longed exercise excites pain in the perineum and aggravates 
it if present. Also the non-use of alcoholic and malt liquors. 
Sexual congress, unless there be seminal incontinence, should 
also be restricted. 

Nearly all our remedies should be directed to the morbid 



796 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

sensibility of the prostate: to the loose, patulous state of the 
mouths of the ejaculatory ducts, which permits of this weeping; 
to* the atony of the vesicles, so as to obtain a cessation of the 
discharges. 

We shall briefly enumerate a few remedies from which we 
have obtained the greatest benefit : 

Belladonna, green root tincture of gelsemium, bromide of 
soda, tincture of strophanthus, are each and all of the greatest 
utility in this state of exaggerated sensibility of the prostate. 

Virginia stone crop, ergot, stone root, are valuable remedies 
to induce contraction of the open and lax ducts. 

It is doubtful if we have a better remedy in the materia 
medica than the fluid extract of the black-willow bark for the 
purpose of vitalizing the prostate and ejaculatory ducts, cutting 
off all leakages. This remedy is a powerful sexual sedative, 
and although it has the faculty of checking any oozing, it does 
not in any way diminish virile power or passion — it entirely 
overcomes the congestion or hyperesthesia of the prostate 
urethra. 

To engraft upon the irritable prostate a condition of qui- 
escence and contraction, either of the following prescriptions 
will be found of utility: Ozonized glycerite of kephalin, one 
pint ; sulphate of quinine, two drams ; fluid extract of ignatia, 
three drams. Mix. Dose, a half teaspoonful before meals. 
Or, glycerite kephalin, four ounces; fluid extract of damiana 
and saw-palmetto, of each, two drams; fluid extract nux 
vomica, one dram. Mix. Dose, one teaspoonful, as above. 
Or, fluid extract ergot, two ounces; fluid extract ignatia, one 
dram. Mix. Dose, from a half to one teaspoonful, as above. 

Iron and cantharides will often get rid of the relaxation and 
atony of the duct. 

The cocain suppository should be used in every case of 
prostatorrhea. Its action is most decided, most effectual, in 
relieving vesical tenesmus, or if senile hypertrophy exists, if 
the patient has to get up frequently during the night for 
micturition, or if he is unable to sleep. It is one of the best 
of all remedies, and should be used in alternation with the salix 
nigra suppository. 

Prostatorrhea is essentially a malady of our neurasthenic 
young men — a most common affection— indeed, one that is 
sapping the growth, vigor and future prosperity of our nation, 
draining its strength and energy. And if the places of the 
robust and healthy are to be filled by those effeminate, weak- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 797 

ened, nervous and physically drained youths, it will be dis- 
astrous indeed. To such we call attention to the soluble 
gelatinized bougies, composed of thallin and cocain, to be in- 
serted up to the mouths of the weeping ducts in the prostate 
urethra. These are most successful in inducing contractility 
and in stoppage of the leakage. 

RESORCIN. — When chemically pure, occurs in white, shiny 
needles, having little taste or smell. It is obtained from resins 
by the action of fusing alkaloids. 

Therapeutic Uses. — A powerful germicide, destroying the 
microbe of diarrhea, whooping-cough, the germs of malaria, 
erysipelas. 

It is useful locally in the treatment of epithelioma lesions, as 
it exerts a powerful annihilating effect on recent germ forma- 
tions. 

By inhalation, or in topical applications of a 1 per cent solu- 
tion applied to the throat, it destroys the micrococci of whoop- 
ing-cough. 

Doses. — Freely soluble in water, ordinary doses 5 to 15 
grains every three hours. 

Ozonized resorcin ointment is invaluable in the cure of skin 
cancer. Applied once or twice daily, rapidly causes exfolia- 
tion of the malignant mass. Cutaneous cancer of the nipple 
quickly peels off when it is kept constantly applied. Its 
strength should be 20 per cent added to ozone ointment. 

Resorcin Jelly. — Ozonized resorcin jelly is one of the 
products of high-class pharmacy — made with a special men- 
struum so as to hold its germicide properties intact. 

It is an invaluable remedy in all cutaneous affections, paint- 
ing it over the diseased part and covering with oiled silk. 

It may be sufficient, one application per day ; in more chronic 
cases, two applications. 

Recently it has acquired quite a reputation in the cure of in- 
fantile nasal catarrh. 

The jelly is applied freely to the nasal cavity by means of a 
camel's hair brush, filled and worked well backward. Even 
good results are obtainable if permitted to run down on the 
fauces. A few applications are usually necessary. 

To the exclusion of all other treatment, it has been used this 
past winter in many of the large children's homes with un- 
paralelled success. 

RESPIRATORY DISEASES.— The commencement of a 



798 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

large number of diseases of the respiratory organs, in their 
incipiency, is usually a common cold, due to vicissitudes of 
temperature, from which no individual in our variable climate 
is exempt, especially in spring and fall. 

Usually the lining membrane of the nose is congested, there 
is a sense of heat, irritation and stuffing, and after a few hours, 
serum containing bacteria is effused, poured out in large or 
small quantities, in proportion to the amount of partial death 
present, and as it comes in contact with the skin, causes irrita- 
tion. Gradually the bacteria-loaded, acrid serum becomes 
thicker, assumes a yellow color and peculiar odor; as this 
change takes place, the nostrils become free, the stuffed-up feel- 
ing in the head passes off, the secretion diminishes, and resolu- 
tion takes place. 

The old treatment with a combination of tinctures of aconite, 
gelsemium and ozonized passiflora equal parts ; add to it a few 
drops of glycozone every one or two hours, at the same time 
using a pinch or two of iodol snuff. Promptly, as if by magic, 
the cold or nasal catarrh is cured, but if neglected : 

Chronic Nasal Catarrh follows, either an acute attack, 
or may come on of itself from the continued action of the toxin 
of some disease germ such as remote syphilis in the blood or 
some irritation. 

The symptoms resemble the acute, but there is no fever, no 
copious secretion; still it is tenacious and irritating, collecting 
and hardening in masses in the nasal passage, forming scabs; 
if forcibly removed, bleeding may ensue. 

In this state of partial death, there is microbic evolution of 
the pathogenic germ, the "Ameba," whose toxin partially 
paralyzes the vocal cords, hence the change in the voice; im- 
pairs the function of the olfactory nerve, hence the loss of 
smell ; lowers the cerebral cortex, hence headache and epilepsy ; 
poisons and deteriorates the blood, hence the white skin, dilated 
pupil, anemia. The deafness, often present in these cases, may 
be either due to the migration of the ameba up the Eustachian 
tube to the ear, or the toxin of the germ paralyzing the auditory 
nerve. 

If the patient is young, inhalation of ozone et chlorine may be 
tried, followed by iodol snuff, but if he has reached maturity, 
and willing to suffer a little, nasal catarrh can be positively 
cured in one treatment — -every disease germ ousted from the 
respiratory tract by doching with the ozone et chlorine; this on 
application should in all cases be followed by the use of iodol 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 799 

•snuff, so as to keep all microbes in abeyance until the affected 
tissues regain their normal integrity. If the attending physician 
deem the ozone et chlorine douche too severe, a solution of c. p. 
resorcin, from one to two grains to the ounce of water, can be 
substituted, but as it is not so instantaneously effective, it may 
have to be repeated several times. Follow this also with the 
iodol snuff, a pinch several times daily for several months. 

If chronic nasal catarrh be neglected, improperly treated, it 
never remains stationary, but either gets well or passes into 
ulceration of the mucous membrane and exposure of the carti- 
lages, with an indescribable odor, termed ozena, in which the 
discharge is entirely of germinal products. 

Ozena is sirnrjly chronic nasal catarrh, with ulceration of the 
mucous membrane, with exposure of the cartilages, and the 
evolution of the bacillus saprogenes, which imparts to the dis- 
charge and expired air that indescribable fetor, which becomes 
worse as the osseous tissues become involved, and constitutional 
debility increases. 

The odor is characteristic, the discharge containing the 
debris of a multitudinous variety of disease germs not so 
diagnostic. Usually dependent on this nasal difficulty there is 
loss of flesh and strength, a peculiar pallor of the skin, mental 
dejection, loss of energy. The most successful constitutional 
treatment of ozena is the administration of the glycerite of 
ozone, mistura guaiacol, c. p. solution of spermin, and a local 
treatment of a warm, soothing, astringent, germicidal vapor, 
inhaled for fifteen minutes every two or three hours ; to this 
inhalant add either a few grains of resorcin or permanganate 
of potassa, or the same by douche. By means of this form oi 
medication the whole diseased structure is acted on, the 
microbes all destroyed, irritation allayed, a process of healthy 
cicatrization commenced, in this mode of treatment. Recently 
I have added to this treatment, painting inside of the nostrils 
several times daily with the jelly of violets. I rind this 
extremely beneficial, exerting a powerful, rapidly curative 
action upon the diseased structure. 

In some cases of ozena I have met with the best success in 
douching the nose' with the ozone et chlorine. 

Epidemic Influenza. — Here all the ordinary symptoms are 
visible, as sneezing, serous discharge from nostrils : but as 
there is a pathogenic microbe either as an evolution or factor, 
and it is remarkable for its infectivity, the constitutional symp- 
toms are of much intensity — prostration, rigors, fever, ex- 



800 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

cruciating headache, chiefly confined to the forehead, with ach- 
ing pains in all the bones. 

Epidemic catarrh is often troublesome, giving rise to per- 
sistent coughing, noises in the head, and as the microbe emi- 
grates backward along the Eustachian tube to the ears, impaired 
hearing. In all cases there is a peculiar gone-feeling experi- 
enced, a weak heart, an indescribable sinking. Extremely con- 
tagious and infectious, every individual in close proximity is 
liable to become affected. 

For several years past this microbe has put in its annual ap- 
pearance from November to May with remarkable regularity, 
the toxin of the germ striking weak but vital parts. It is quite 
unnecessary to state that we have here a dangerous and fatal 
malady (positively fatal if you administer phenacetin), highly 
contagious, and it is proper to confine the patient to bed for a 
few days, at the same time exposing formalin, one tablespoon-" 
ful to a quart of water; divide into half a dozen of hollow 
plates, distribute in different locations of the apartment. Paint 
his nostrils, his fauces, his ears, with the jelly of violets thrice 
daily. Administer internally concentrated tincture of kurchicin 
in small doses, but repeat frequently until he either sleeps or a 
fine dewy perspiration is established ; subsequently keep on ad- 
ministering, but in smaller doses, a longer interval apart. 

The addition of this new remedy, jelly of violets, completely 
annihilates the microbe — renders their abode untenable. It in- 
sures a perfect, rapid recovery. No pneumonia or other com- 
plication follows. 

Whenever the concentrated tincture of kurchicin is admin- 
istered in epidemic influenza, there is no marked impairment in 
vitality; no loss of strength; no mental despondency; no 
bronchitis ; no pneumonia. It is a remedy that augments vital 
resistance ; keeps the nervous and mental phenomena at a high 
standard. 

Hay- Asthma. — Any irritation of the nerves of the bronchi 
may give rise to spasmodic contraction of their circular mus- 
cular fibres ; as the irritation is mostly from without, the spasm 
generally takes place after an inspiration, with retention of the 
inspired air in the cells. 

Every man or woman suffering from neurasthenia, or 
neuroses of the olfactory or bronchial nerves, will have to face 
what is termed hay-asthma, in other words, the inhalation of 
the aroma of grasses, roses, grapes, ragweed, flowers and other 
forms of vegetation. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 8oi 

Usually such cases are ushered in with symptoms of a com- 
-mon cold, a catarrhal condition, sneezing, watering of the 
nose and eyes, pricking sensation in the throat, itching, ting- 
ling, cough with difficulty of breathing, which very speedily 
develops into full-fledged asthma, with its paroxysms of wheez- 
ing and suspended respiration. In this form of asthma the 
pollen of grasses or flowers comes in contact with the periphery 
of nerves (nasal and bronchial), excites the contraction, and 
like all other nervous diseases occurs in paroxysms, accom- 
panied with great constriction ; generally the paroxysms begins 
with severe cough and expectoration, the contraction of the 
circular muscular fibres following the inspiration with violent 
respiratory efforts to expel the air. 

The true etiology, being neurasthenic, with a nervous system 
highly impressible, the inhalation of dust, pungent fumes or 
odors, irritating particles may produce a spasm by causing the 
evolution of the microbe of asthma. 

The condition, repeated summer after summer, gradually 
causes either rupture of the air cells, or their disorganization 
with emphysema. 

By the removal of the nasal and bronchial neuroses by over- 
coming the neurasthenia, it is possible to effect a cure ; this of 
course involves a general course of alteratives and tonics, bath- 
ing, massage and best of food; such tonics as c. p. solution of 
spermin, comp. tincture matricaria. For the breaking up of 
the spasm, with its wheezing respiration, constriction with im- 
pending suffocation, the newest and most successful mode of 
treatment consists in painting the inside of the nostrils with 
the jelly of violets, an anesthetic and germicide of great power 
and value. This remedy so applied renders the soil unfit for 
the evolution of the microbe of asthma, and kills off those 
started into existence. 

Simultaneously with the application of the violet jelly, small 
doses of euphorbia pilulifera should be given. 

Last autumn I had quite an experience with those two 
remedies in summer asthma, and even in localities that were 
antagonistic to the well-being of the patient. 

Every patient of whom the physician realizes the slightest 
possibility of the evolution of the microbe of asthma in the 
respiratory tract, should at least be placed upon this treatment, 
as it is the best that has ever been presented to the profession ; 
it never fails if properly applied. 

Hay-asthma, or summer catarrh, due to the pollen of grasses 



8o2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

and flowers, is often effectually cured by using a snuff of 
ozonized iodol, gargling the throat with a wash of borogly- 
cerid, which is very soothing. The jelly of violets is ex- 
cellent. In studying the modus operandi of all nasal remedies 
we must accept the theory that hay-asthma is due to a neurosis 
or idiosyncrasy on the part of neurotic individuals who are 
liable to become affected by certain emanations. There is little 
doubt of that, that the pollen of plants is the agent which pro- 
duces the impression on sensitive nerves — this is distributed 
through the atmosphere at fixed seasons of the year. 

Either the application of the iodol snuff, or jelly of violets, 
renders the nerves of the nose invulnerable to the effects of any 
pollen, even to. a field of clover or ragweed, the most dangerous 
of irritants. 

As an internal remedy ozonized passiflora incarnata, in quite 
large doses, on the approach of vegetable growth, and its con- 
tinuance during the summer and fall. 

Acute Laryngitis. — The larynx commences at the root of 
the tongue and extends below that singular prominence on the 
front of the neck, popularly known as the "apple of Adam." 
It is composed of several strong cartilages, which serve as a 
framework to protect the delicate organs of voice. Being 
furnished with vibrating chords, it forms a perfect musical in- 
strument, more or less under the control of the will. The en- 
trance into the larynx is guarded by a valve, attached to the 
root of the tongue, called the epiglottis. On the approach of 
food or drink this valve prevents these from passing into the 
windpipe, acting as a sentinel which calls into action the mus- 
cles which serve to close this aperture. Below the vocal 
cords, which are situated from half to three-fourths of an inch 
lower down, the larynx enlarges, becomes irregular, and ter- 
minates in the "trachea." The whole length of the passage to 
which the name larynx is applied is not more than two inches, 
and those two inches of tissue are, in all highly civilized men, 
abundantly supplied with branches of the great sympathetic, 
like the anterior portion of the heart and lower lobe of the right 
lung. 

Fret, worry, struggle, some emotional condition predisposes 
to inflammation of that structure. Ushered in with rigors, 
extreme nervous depression, sore throat, indescribable restless- 
ness and anxiety, extreme difficulty of breathing, inability to 
swallow and great tenderness over the part on pressure, plastic 
lymph is early effused, become organized, blocks both the in- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 803 

gress and egress of air, gives rise to aphonia, unable to speak 
above a whisper, a peculiar wheezing sound in respiration; as 
the case progresses, lividity of the face, eyes protrude, patient 
tosses about, gasps for breath, and from the non-aeration of the 
blood and the toxin of the various germs present, a comatose 
condition sets in. 

It is a malady which runs its course with extreme rapidity, 
almost invariably terminating fatally; it therefore calls for 
prompt and energetic treatment. 

Thoroughly appreciating its fatality a course of treatment 
very simliar as laid down for pneumonia is best suited for acute 
laryngitis, namely, veratrum viride, administered in small 
doses, but frequent, and persevered with till the pulse is below 
70, then not to be discontinued, but given in same dose, but at 
longer intervals. Sulphide of calcium to maintain a fluid state 
of the blood, alternated with ozonized passiflora incarnata and 
sulphate of quinine. 

Tuberculosis. — In all cases of tuberculosis these exists a 
primary condition of neurasthenia — a state in which there is 
either an evolution, or inhalation of the tubercle bacillus, con- 
tracted from some source either human or animal, enters the 
blood and is effused in some weakened or vulnerable portion 
of the body. Close contact, or the use of drinking vessels, 
etc., and the existence of a large number of cases of lung tuber- 
culosis, would indicate a very large percentage due to inhala- 
tion. The dried sputum on the floors and walls, even in small 
quantities, contains millions of germs. By mere want of 
thought, the habit of expectorating on the streets, in convey- 
ances, in any location in which it can become dried, pulverized, 
the microbe is disseminated through the atmosphere, adheres to 
paper upon the walls of houses, which becomes a source of in- 
fection. 

There is no doubt that a very high standard of health among 
the population generally, and the destruction of the sputum 
before it is dried, would protect the people at large from in- 
fection. 

Acute and chronic tuberculosis, where the prominent symp- 
toms of the case are extreme debility, aphonia, hemoptysis, 
great emaciation, cough with tubercular expectoration, lungs 
clear on percussion, with night-sweating and difficult breathing, 
in which some of the following remedies proved curative, 
namely, inhalations of guaiacol and pine oil, pine-tree tablets : 
glycerite of ozone, mistura guaiacol, and suppositories ; and the 



804 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

symptoms in the chronic form infiltration of the apices of the 
lungs with the tubercular bacilli, difficult breathing, cough will 
tubercular expectoration, hectic fever, night-sweats, etc., in 
which the same remedies were used, with guaiacol plaster over 
the consolidated lung. In all the cases, the leading symptoms 
were hectic fever and night-sweats due to the toxin of the 
tubercular bacilli paralyzing the sweat ducts — the only remedy 
which seemed to ameliorate this symptom was mistura guaiacol 
and guaiacol suppositories. Their administration annihilated 
the germ and had at once perfect control of this source of 
weakness. These are ideal drugs, acting promptly in all cases, 
relieving not only sweats but every symptom under the per- 
sistent use of guaiacol. No more exhausting debility; no 
hemoptysis; no more cough with tubercle; no disturbance; no 
more irritation of the gastrointestinal tract; three doses of the 
mistura guaiacol during the day, with one suppository at bed- 
time, effected very marked results. 

In cases where there is cough and difficult breathing, either 
tar syrup or pine-tree tablets should be given. 

The pine-tree tablets should be used to ease a cough, not to 
stop a cough; coughing is nature's method of getting rid of 
expectoration-products of inflammations and disease germs. 
To remove the cough permanently in all lung affections we 
must get rid of its latent source. These tablets are paralyzing 
to all disease germs in the lung, they increase the ease of ex- 
pectoration, they decrease the viscidity of the secretion, allay, 
soothe the irritability of the inflamed surface. 

RETENTION OF URINE (Micrococcus Urea).— This 
microbe appears in the bladder, in all cases of retention of 
urine, from whatever cause, paralysis of the bladder, enlarged 
prostate, stricture, or when urine is permitted to stand exposed 
in a warm place; the transformation of urea, the nitrogenized 
principal into ammonia and carbonic acid. This micro- 
organism is evolved and appears in the form of free globules, 
of articulated filaments, or chaplets, innumerable cocci. 

The microbe is the cause of ammoniacal urine, and is patho- 
genic of retention of urine, bears cultivation well in an am- 
moniacal fluid. Its injection into an animal gives rise to the 
disease. It can also be carried by bougies, sounds, catheters, 
clothing. 

Once the retention of urine is overcome, the microbe is 
easily sterilized by injecting the bladder with boroglycerid or 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 805 

by the introduction of papoid or thallin, or other bactericide 
bougies into the bladder, permitting them to dissolve. 

RHEUMATISM.— An affection of profound debility, in 
which there'is an evolution in the blood of the bacillus amylo- 
bacta a pathogenic microbe, which has a remarkable affinity for 
the white fibrous tissue of the body, such as the synovial mem- 
brane of joints, the sheaths of muscles, pericardium of the 
heart, the periostum of bones, pleura, peritoneum, and mem- 
branes of brain. It is customary to divide it into acute and 
chronic. 

The acute form is accompanied by fever, most common in 
the young; the chronic form in advanced life. 

It is a malady easily recognizable : the profound debility ; 
the intense acidity of all the secretions and excretions; the 
breath, saliva, sweat, urine; the wandering pains shifting from 
joint to joint; extreme restlessness; fever; joints swell, inflame; 
pain is excruciating ; even with a high fever there is a tendency 
to metastasis from one white fibrous tissue to another. A high 
temperature is common, with profuse acid sweat and sudamina ; 
scanty, high-colored, acid urine; constipation, valvular cardiac 
complications; a peculiar pungent anemia, due to the microbe 
deteriorating the red corpuscles of the blood. The duration of 
the existence of the germs depends altogether on the efficiency 
of treatment. 

In all cases, no matter how it attacks, blunt the sensorium to 
pain, that is, divide one comp. conium pill into four parts, ad- 
minister one part every hour until an alkaline condition of the 
secretions is established. 

Administer fifteen drops of the ozonized glycerite of winter- 
green at frequent intervals, until temperature and pulse are 
normal ; then at longer intervals, simply maintaining the posi- 
tion gained — the complete wiping out of the microbe. 

The action of the glycerite of winter green may be much 
strengthened by a few drops of manaca occasionally, which 
antagonizes the evolution of more amylobacta. To establish 
promptly an alkaline condition of all the fluids of the body, the 
uric acid solution is our best remedy ; but somewhat tardy, so it 
is best to administer either bicarbonate of potassa or carbonate 
of lithia in doses sufficient and in frequence to establish an 
alkaline condition of the secretions in twenty- four hours; 
alkaline sponge-baths thrice daily. The trouble we experience 
is to prevent a recurrence, or re-evolution of the germ. For 
this purpose, we have found the comp. tine, of matricaria to be 



806 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the best of all remedies, more efficient than all the cinchona, 
alkaloids ; decidedly more active than cimicifuga racemosa, or 
any other cerebral stimulant. Diet, plain, light nutritious ; com- 
plications are few and far between. 

Chronic Rheumatism may be a sequel of the acute, when 
inefficiently treated; generally belongs to advanced life. The 
joints may be painful, tender, stiff. Very little swelling, but a 
crackling sensation is experienced, as if the joint was destitute 
of synovia. Patient is extremely susceptible to changes in the 
weather, cardiac disease and anemia extremely common. 

The bacillus amylobacta is present in chronic rheumatism to 
a limited extent; therefore the wintergreen, manaca and uric 
acid solvent are of some utility, but the best remedies in this 
form are the comp. saxifraga and matricaria administered al- 
ternately two hours apart. 

Bathing morning and night; sponge-bathing, using either 
alkalies or dilute acetic acid to excite an alkaline secretion, or 
occasionally iodine to excite an absorbent action, followed in all 
cases by massage or friction for one or more hours. 

Salol, dissolved in ether, applied to very painful joints is 
often of efficacy; salol, one ounce; menthol, half an ounce; 
ether, one ounce ; ozone ointment, half a pound ; mix. 

C. p. guaiacol, when locally applied, is a powerful pain re- 
liever, in ointment or in the following: guaiacol, one ounce;, 
terpinol, three ounces ; alcohol, four ounces ; mix. 

The salol and guaiacol completely annihilate the bacillus 
amylobacta, whenever applied. 

One of the essential means of eradication of rheumatic in- 
flammation from the tissues is to neutralize the excess of acid- 
ity of the blood. For this purpose, the benzoate of lithia 
stands pre-eminent. The carbonate of lithia also is a very posi- 
tive antirheumatic. The benzoate of ammonia has also 
done good service for me. And if the fever is high I alternate 
the above remedies with aconite, one drop every two hours 
until the circulation is controlled. These alkalies should be 
given until the urine is decidedly alkaline by test. Carbonate 
of lithia or the benzoate of lithia, in doses of five to ten grains, 
will soon produce this effect, if given every two hours. This 
lessens the plasticity of the blood, and prevents exudation tak- 
ing place in the heart, or in the inflamed structures. As soon 
as the blood is rendered alkaline, salicylic acid should be given 
in doses of five to eight grains, every three hours, to sedate the 
sensory and excitomotor nervous system, and moderate the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 807 

temperature, which it will do as an antipyretic. It is one of 
the most direct remedies to relieve the attack after the acid is 
neutralized in the blood. It should always be given dissolved 
in dulc. spts. of nitre, and in alternation to the alkalies, not 
with them, as they change its chemical character. I have re- 
lieved all symptoms of rheumatism, in many cases, in from 
three to five days with the above treatment. After the disease 
is relieved, that state of the digestive organs upon which the 
acid condition of the blood originates must be corrected. Di- 
gestion must be improved by the use of hydrastis, nux vomica, 
or cimicifuga. For as long as fermentation takes place in ex- 
cess in the stomach, so long the patient will be liable to this 
disease. 

The administration of glycerite of wintergreen and its deriva- 
tives, salicylic acid and salicylate of soda, kills the germ, neu- 
tralizes its toxin; still its antagonizing power, though great, can 
be strengthened, made still more active, by alternating either 
of them with the ozonized uric acid solvent; just as fast as the 
germs are destroyed by the wintergreen the uric acid solvent 
washes them from the body. The exhibition of manaca, saxi- 
fraga and simabicidia are also of real efficacy when the nerves 
like the sheath of the sciatic, are involved. The sciatic is rapidly 
influenced by the following : Compound saxifraga, five ounces ; 
salicylate soda, one-half an ounce. Mix. Dose : One tea- 
spoonful in water, thrice daily. 

The direct application of the wintergreen over the germ- 
smitten joint is of very great utility. The oil is added to 
ozone ointment and applied over the affected part, covered with 
an impermeable dressing and bandage. Absorption is rapid, 
for pain almost instantaneously subsides. If the ointment is 
firmly compressed over the joint, salicylic acid can be isolated 
from the patient's urine in fifteen minutes. Treatment of rheu- 
matism by the rectum has yielded with salicylate soda supposi- 
tory, brilliant results; if tried, wash out the rectum with a 
copious preliminary enema of tepid water, then follow with 
the suppository every three hours. It is a superior method to 
afford instant relief. 

All authorities are now agreed on that, and also, that the 
proper treatment for all cases of acute rheumatism is absolute 
rest in bed, between blankets and woolen clothing — sponged 
off with a warm alkaline wash, three times a day; bowels 
freely opened; and the ozonized glycerite of Avintergreen, ad- 
ministered in efficient doses, in alternation with the uric acid 



808 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

solvent. Absolute rest in bed, no exception to this rule ; under 
the wintergreen, the evolution of germs is arrested, toxins 
neutralized; it should be given in small doses, at frequent in- 
tervals, and its use not dispensed with until there is absolute 
relief of pain. We claim for this treatment a rapid cure, and 
a prevention of all cardiac lesions. 

Relief of pain, reduction of temperature, an equalizing of 
the circulation, by complete annihilation of microbic growth, 
we soothe the heart's action, lighten its burdens, lessen its 
irritability. The mere difference between standing up and lying 
down in the recumbent posture is a gain of ten beats per min- 
ute, 600 contractions an hour, an excellent mode of mitigating 
pyrexia. 

There can be no doubt that the pathogenic microbe of rheu- 
matism, present in the alimentary canal, in the solids and fluids 
of the body, in all cases is nothing less than the degenerated 
living elements of nutrition, brought into being under a de- 
pressed nervous system. The bacillus amylobacta is the factor 
of much trouble, and when once present becomes both con- 
tagious and infectious. 

The key to all successful treatment is to destroy the germ 
and restore the integrity of the nervous system, as speedily 
as possible, before the toxical products of bacterial growth have 
time to do damage to the red blood-corpuscles. 

The bacterial treatment of rheumatism consists in the ad- 
ministration of the ozonized glycerite of wintergreen or its 
derivatives, in small but often repeated doses, until every evi- 
dence of microbic growth is effaced from the body. The 
action of this remedy must be strengthened either by the ad- 
ministration of comp. matricaria or manaca; by massage and 
nutrition. If the case seems to resist the ordinary course, the 
ozonized uric acid solvent can always be administered with ad- 
vantage. 

There is a remedy of intrinsic value, too much neglected by 
modern physicians, and that is guaiacum. Ozonized fluid ex- 
tract is the most effective form, it is perfectly innocuous, can 
be taken any length of time, never loses its effect in killing 
the germ, and neutralizing the toxin of rheumatism. 

Another remarkable action of guaiacum is, it is a powerful 
prophylactic, that is, it prevents its evolution. The remedy in 
this form is worthy of the attention of all suffering from rheu- 
matism in any form — even of great efficacy in gout. 

Prompt, efficient treatment is always indispensable, for if 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 809 

there be tardiness the toxins will destroy the red corpuscles. 
The basic chemical products or bacterial poisons acting on the 
blood, circulating in it, have a remarkable solvent action on the 
red corpuscles, producing anemia, with a peculiar pallor of the 
skin, with a sallow or brownish appearance, and considerable 
blanching of the mucous membrane. 

The remedy here is protonuclein, and natural food. No in- 
dividual suffering from rheumatism should use any form of pro- 
prietary prepared commercial food — banish all such, as they 
only increase malnutrition, aggravating the condition. Hence 
all beef extracts or jellies are toxical in rheumatism. 

The direct physiological action of guaiacum is an intestinal 
bactericide, and a promoter of nutrition and assimilation — 
acting directly on the growth of the bacillus amylobacta, which 
it retards; at the same time it increases the activity of the 
glandular system ; hastens tissue change ; aids in the absorption 
of organized products of inflammation in joints, and neutralizes 
the toxins of retrograde tissue metamorphosis before elimina- 
tion. It is especially serviceable in the subacute and chronic 
form; it is far-reaching in its effects in establishing a healthy 
basis. 

The toxin of rheumatism is productive of a large percentage 
of cases of chorea. There is no doubt that cacodylate of 
sodium has a direct antagonistic action upon this poison, but 
to obtain a complete neutralization it must be given in large 
doses which creates gastrointestinal disturbance, which often 
necessitates a cessation of treatment. 

The ozonized concentrated tincture of passiflora incarnata 
has entirely superseded all other remedies in chorea — acting 
as well when the cord and reflex centres are damaged by a 
shock as by the toxin of rheumatism. This remedy must also 
be administered in large doses, oft repeated, but as it has no 
toxical effect, this can be readily effected. 

Nodular Rheumatism. — A peculiar form of subacute 
rheumatism occurring most frequently among elderly females 
in which a few symptoms of rheumatism are present, followed 
by a species of calcareous exostosis on the tuberosities of the 
smaller joints, inducing contraction and deformity of the hands 
and feet, and other parts of the body. As a rule, the hands 
show the greatest deformity, the exostosis form ; muscles con- 
tract, spurious ankylosis takes place, and nodules form. The 
muscles of the hand and arm atrophy; wrist and elbow bent; 
shoulder rigid. Sometimes the great toe and knee-joint are 



810 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

affected, hip- joint remaining* intact. It is not uncommon to 
find the vertebrae greatly implicated with nodules. 

It is most insidious in its commencement; does not exhibit 
a very intense rheumatic taint, but the fetor and acidity of the 
breath are decided; the urine highly acid, with abundance of 
phosphates, chlorides and urea in abundance ; indigestion. 

Although there is considerable malnutrition, the appetite 
is often good; with a slight degree of nervous prostration; 
blood normal ; life seldom menaced. 

The victims of this malady are those who lead sedentary 
lives, in insanitary apartments, and whose employment entails 
the constant use of the fingers. 

In the early stage the pains are fugitive, dull, but localized 
in the small joints and on the points. As the inflammatory 
symptoms become aggravated, pain becomes severe, continued, 
agonizing, especially if there be an effort made to utilize the 
hand. Attacks are often paroxysmal, and are accompanied 
by inflammation. 

Nodular rheumatism has received but little attention. Al- 
though it is often severe, both in the rheumatic and uric acid 
state, both accumulate, and, in addition to the local difficulty, 
there are headaches, nervousness, melancholia, peripheral neur- 
itis, and like conditions. 

The only treatment which affords beneficial results is the 
administration of small doses of the uric acid solvent, a remedy 
of rare value, in which the salts of soda and lithia play an im- 
portant part. The dose should be such as to keep the liver at 
active work in eliminating toxins. 

For the relief of pain, which is a point of importance, and 
for a solvent to the calcareous deposit on the joints, the applica- 
tion of the jelly of violets over the painful and swollen parts 
is a remedy of intrinsic value. It should be applied morning 
and night. If this is not procurable, apply concentrated ozone 
in the same manner. 

Rheumatic Gout. — While commonly called rheumatic 
gout, yet this is a most anomalous disease. It has nothing to 
do with either gout or rheumatism; it is synonymous with 
chronic rheumatic anthritis — nodosity of the joints — and may 
be defined as a chronic inflammatory affection of the joints; 
not unlike gout in a few of its characters, somewhat resembling 
rheumatism in other points, but differing essentially from both. 
The affection is a most troublesome one, and not infrequently 
cripples the individual, whilst, at the same time, it defies all 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 8ii 

treatment. Women are supposed to be more subject to it than 
men, though with respect to this we think it is somewhat doubt- 
ful. In addition to the harassing pain in the joints, etc., there 
are also painful spasms in the muscles of the limbs, great 
mental depression, general lassitude, indigestion with acidity, 
rest at "night invariably disturbed, every change in the weather 
felt ; at the same time, in consequence of the depressed circula- 
tion, the patient suffers much from cold. The duration of the 
attack is always uncertain; may last for weeks, months, or 
years. There is a condition of the joints of the hand specially 
in which every articulation is marked by a white or faintly pink 
swelling. Both hands are usually bad at the same time, and all 
the finger joints are implicated. 

At one time this was regarded as an appanage of advanced 
■age, but we have found it alike in the young and in the old — 
in a grandmother and in a damsel barely twenty. It attacks 
the poor and the rich indiscriminately, the servant and the mis- 
tress, the man and the maid. It cripples the mother, and may 
•equally disable the paternal bread-winner; also the doctor and 
his patient. Sometimes the affection eventuates in absolute de- 
formity. To this disease the name of rheumatic gout has been 
given, but we think the title is more appropriate to a complaint 
in which the joints of the feet and ankles are principally in- 
volved, and in which there is manifest inflammation, the skin 
•over the affected spot being red and shining. 

As regards the treatment, it is altogether very unsatisfactory, 
a fact which must be considered evident if the different causes 
which lead to a condition of habit favorable to - the develop- 
ment of the disease is taken into account. Much relief in- 
variably may be obtained from the pains in the joints by the 
free use of concentrated ozone locally, and the ozonized uric 
acid solvent internally. 

RICKETS. — Rachitis, or rickets, is a disease of malnutri- 
tion, characterized by peculiar deformities of the bones. It is 
a. disease of childhood. 

Symptoms. — Sweating of the head and face, restlessness at 
night, a peculiar tenderness of the body, emaciation, and de- 
hility. The bowels are irregular and the motions offensive. 
The child is late in teething and in walking. After a time the 
ends of the long bones become enlarged, most noticeable in 
the ribs and limbs. The bones get more or less thickened. 
Deformities now set in ; the limbs are curved, the chest deepens 



8 12 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

from before backwards (pigeon-breast), the head is large, and 
its bones do not unite properly. 

Complications are common — namely, croup, bronchitis, 
diarrhea, and convulsions. 

Rachitis, a tubercular irritation of the vertebrae and other 
bones, common in childhood; exhibits great malnutrition. It 
is doubtful whether baker's bread, in which are incorporated 
alum, ammonia, gelatin, is not responsible ; eaten by the mother, 
destroys the phosphates in her milk upon which the child is 
nourished. 

Treatment. — The management of a case of rickets requires 
the nicest tact and care. Bathing the entire body twice daily, 
massage by warm olive oil with a few drops of guaiacol, fol- 
lowed by sponging very carefully with alcohol and salt. Very 
careful feeding, juice of raw beef, one raw egg at ten o'clock 
daily, cream, boiled white fish, oatmeal, an avoidance of all 
insanitary states. 

Medicinally, select two of the following remedies and admin- 
ister them alternately for ten days; then change to other two. 
A change of medicine in all chronic affections is essential to 
prevent the law of habit from intruding. Select from such 
remedies as matricaria in simple elixir, comp. hypophosphites 
of lime, soda, iron, protonuclein, c. p. solution spermin, kepha- 
lin, oats, mistura guaiacol. All brain and blood builders. 

For the bowel irregularity a combination of one grain each 
of carbonate of soda, zinc, lime, is most excellent. 

RIGIDITY OF THE NECK OF THE UTERUS.— True 
rigidity should imply an undilatable condition of the os — and 
this is to be understood in a relative and not an absolute sense ; 
where dilatation does not ensue, or occurs with abnormal slow- 
ness, or is arrested on account of certain accidental conditions 
arising at the time of labor, of congenital defects of formation, 
or acquired physiological, or pathological deviations in the 
structure of the cervix. In these cases only, the undilatable os 
is truly rigid, and becomes an efficient cause of delay to labor, 
and this obstruction may persist, under certain circumstances, 
so long as to endanger the mother or child, or both together. 

Various remedies have been suggested, as the hot hip and 
douche, the belladonna cerate, powerful antispasmodics in both 
vagina and rectum ; but they are often of very doubtful value. 
When the difficulty is once discovered, the insertion of two 
obstetric cones high up in the vagina, the same number well up 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 813 

in the rectum, and repeated every half hour or hour, have a 
most magical effect in producing profound relaxation and 
permitting an easy egress of the child. 

Another object obtained by the use of the cones is painless 
parturition, which is the right of every American woman; still 
more, with the cones no after-pains, no bacterial infections. 
Every physicion should use them. 

RIGOR MORTIS. — Cadaveric rigidity is due to a chemical 
process — a process of death, characterized by a coagulation of 
the myosin, and may be considered the death of the muscles. 
When the coagulation takes place, the acids, which are being 
constantly formed, and as continuously removed during life, 
accumulate in the muscle and gradually effect a solution of the 
myosin, and then the azotized matters undergo decomposition 
and develop ammonia, which in its turn dissolves the myosin, 
and thus occasions the disappearance of the rigor. 

In this process, when rapid, great heat is often evolved, espe- 
cially when the rigor is being established; the rigid muscle 
slightly diminishes in volume. The disease of which the pa- 
tient died has an influence on the quick appearance of the rigor, 
its duration, etc. ; so has heat and cold. 

Following that the body returns to its natural earths or 
gases, all except the cadaveric alkaloids, which remain as 
permanent salts, and are not destroyed even by cremation. 

The amount of indestructible cadaveric alkaloids present in 
an ordinary-sized human being varies from six to eight grains, 
depending greatly upon the development of his intellectual ca- 
pacity or powers. 

RINGWORM. — Amid the chaos which exists as to what 
the trichophyton really is, we have a paper from an eminent 
bacteriologist in which, among other valuable matter, he draws 
attention to the development of organs of fructification, a fact 
that supports Bunn's experiments, and finally settles one point 
strongly urged — namely, that in all the experiments hitherto 
referred to, what was obtained was at most the germination of 
conidia, never their fructification. From the character of the 
fructification, and that the ampullae may be of the nature of 
asci, it is possible that some further reason may develop to 
classify the trichophyton with the ascomycetes. And it is of 
interest to note that this order includes the fungus which sets 
up the muscardine disease in silkworms — namely, the Botrytis 



814 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

bassiana and also the Cordyceps militaris fungus, which de- 
stroys the Gastropacha pini. 

In summing up these results he explains the anomaly, the 
difference of the fungus in the skin, and in the hair and its 
follicle, by stating that ''it is a fungus able to vary its form and 
activity according to the physical and chemical properties of 
the soil in which it grows; when this soil is solid, and of a 
nitrogenous composition, nothing more than a thallus or 
mycelial trichophyton is developed, incapable of growing in 
cutaneous tissues. When, however, a thin medium, espe- 
cially one of a saccharine constitution, is selected, we cultivate 
the fungus into a fine septate thallus, with special organs of 
fructification, capable of growing, both in human and animal 
skin. In the epithelium of the skin the fungus only vegetates, 
"but does not develop, propagating itself by swelling, constric- 
tion, and finally division of the filaments ; but in the hair and 
its follicle the life of the fungus is perpetuated, probably by a 
yeast-like division of these spores, formed primitively by the 
transverse division of the mycelial filaments. This difference 
in growth doubtless explains better why body ringworm is 
cured so very rapidly. 

Hitherto the failure in the treatment of tinea tonsurans has 
been due, in the first place, to allowing oxygen too free access 
to the fungus, acting, in fact, as if we did not know that it is 
necessary, for a mold fungus to flourish, that it should be 
abundantly supplied with oxygen, and kept at a temperature 
below the normal state of the body; secondly, we have not 
adopted the best means of securing penetration of the remedies 
employed, and there has been gross neglect in preventing the 
spread of the disease by using applications which cast a slur 
on antiseptics; and, lastly, we want a potent germicide which 
does not set up extensive dermatitis. And in finding such a 
germicide, it is well to remember the fact, that many micro- 
organisms have two states of existence — an adult form, where 
the organism is growing rapidly and is very easily killed, and 
a spore form, which rests and provides for its future existence, 
being very difficult to kill. 

In the cure of this skin affection whatever germicide is 
selected for its complete destruction, it should ever be borne in 
mind that it should be used with chloroform, as this is the 
agent which penetrates most deeply, not only into the hair- 
follicles, but through the skin itself. Thymol, salicylic acid, 
ozonized sulphur water, whatever remedy is selected, use it 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 8i=; 



with chloroform ; the fungus will suffer more complete destruc- 
tion even to the most minute spore, and thus prevent a new 
propagation. Chrysophanic acid is an excellent parasiticide, 
soluble in chloroform. Chloroform dissolves the fatty matter 
of the hair- follicles and skin, which permits of its deep penetra- 
tion. Seven grains of the acid to one ounce of chloroform. 
The aim of the treatment is not to irritate, not to produce scabs, 
"but to get the solution to penetrate ; so it is best, after the re- 
moval of any hairs, to daub it on with a very small sponge, 
continually dipping it into the chloroform and pressing it into 
the diseased part, which leaves the yellow acid dry on the spot. 
Use thrice daily with caution, so that it does not run into the 
-eye. 

RUPIA. — An eruption of large, flattish blebs, which is an 
intensely loaded microbic fluid, at first serous, often bloody, 
afterwards puriform, later on concretes into crusts or scabs, 
at the base of which are ulcers of variable depths. Some mi- 
crobic condition of blood, such as syphilis, or tubercle at its 
origin. Alteratives and tonics, followed with a prolonged 
-course of cacodylate of sodium. 

SALICIN. — A neutral alkaloid obtained from willow bark 
and also synthetically by a chemical process. It is tonic, 
stomachic, antipyretic, antineuralgic, and antirheumatic. Dose : 
5 to 20 grains. 

Salicylic Acid and Soda. — Bactericides ; of great efficacy 
in rheumatism, diarrhea, and other microbial affections. Ster- 
ilizes and kills the microbe, the factor of morbid action ; so tem- 
perature lowers, heart's action slows. The best preparations 
are those made from the oil of wintergreen. 

Dose : Variable, from 5 to 20 grains, either in capsules, or 
liquor ammonia acetatis. 

Locally, the acid is antiseptic and slightly caustic. Dissolved 
in alcohol, or collodion, it forms a valuable cure for corns and 
warts. It should be applied by means of a brush. 

Salix Nigra. — Black willow ; bark and buds. Bactericide, 
tonic, astringent, vitalizing. 

Properties. — A sexual sedative, of the highest order. Its 
administration overcomes all conditions of hyperemia of the 
ovaries, uterus, prostate, testes; consequently of the greatest 
possible utility in so-called hysteria, in all forms of diurnal and 
nocturnal emissions, in spermatorrhea and prostatorrhea. 



816 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract, in doses of one-half 
and one teaspoonf ul, thrice daily ; the glucoside hm been made 
into urethral bougies, which have also proved themselves of 
great value in spermatorrhea. 

SALOL OR SALICYLATE OF PHENOL.— Indicated in 
all cases of rheumatism; insoluble in water or in the juices of 
the stomach, it passes the pylorus, undergoes decomposition in 
the duodenum, where it assumes the compound of salicylic acid 
and phenol, neutralizes or renders inert the lactic, butyric, and 
uric acids; its germicidal properties are immense, and it is of 
very great efficacy in chronic urticaria, in suborbital neuralgia, 
as an antipyretic, in diabetes, in intestinal catarrh, in typhoid 
fever, in cholera, against intestinal parasites, in catarrh of the 
bladder, in ozena, in otorrhea, as a local application in gonor- 
rhea, and as a mouth-wash. It may be designated the great 
intestinal disinfectant. Its chemical composition is 40 per 
cent of phenol and 60 per cent of salicylic acid. 

SALOPHENE. — It is obtained by treating paranitrophenol 
with salicylic acid, reducing the nitrophenol by means of zinc 
and hydrochloric acid into an amid, and acting upon this with 
acetic acid. Salophene contains about 50 per cent of salicylic 
acid, and exists in the form of thin scales, tasteless, inodorous, 
and with a neutral reaction. It is almost insoluble in cold 
water, and only slightly so when warmed. Upon the addition, 
however, of an alkali it readily dissolves. It is very soluble in 
alcohol and ether. It burns with a smoky flame, leaving no 
residue. In the stomach salophene breaks up into salicylic acid 
and acetyl paraamidophenol. These substances are excreted 
by the kidneys, and can be found in the urine. Salophene. 
owing to the presence of amidophenol, is less poisonous than 
salol. According to Guttmann, it is a valuable remedy in 
articular rheumatism, given in doses of from four to six drams 
a day in pill, or in the form of compressed tablets. 

SALT. — Chloride of sodium, a constituent of the body, and 
a necessary article of diet, and an exceedingly valuable medica- 
ment. In shock, collapse, if diffusible stimulants are not 
handy, salt and water will often revive them. In hemorrhage, 
six parts of chloride of sodium to 1,000 parts of sterilized 
water, promptly injected into the venous system, will wash 
up the stranded corpuscles and give the heart something to con- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 817 

tract upon. It is a normal stimulus, enables the circulation to 
be carried on and the oxygenation of the red blood-cells to pro- 
ceed. It works rapidly, and the change produced is little short 
of marvelous. 

The emergency method of dissolving one teaspoonful of 
common salt in a pint of hot water gives one in 873, for all 
practical purposes; this is near enough for any one suffering 
from collapse. This saline solution can be injected into the 
cellular tissue, under the mammary gland, groin, axilla, and 
freely in the rectum. This makes an admirable lotion in 
tubercular ophthalmia ; weak and tired eyes are much refreshed 
by using it even as a wash. 

A gargle of salt and water is efficacious in tonsillitis and sore 
throat, hardens the gums, whitens the teeth, cleans the tongue, 
sweetens the breath. Many public speakers and noted singers 
use a wash of salt and water before and after using the voice, 
as it strengthens the larynx. 

Dyspepsia and headache are often relieved by a cup of hot 
water in which a small teaspoonful of salt has been dissolved. 

Salt incorporated with alcohol makes an efficacious liniment 
for weak joints, with massage. 

For bathing purposes, bay salt, coarse salt obtained by the 
evaporation of sea-water, is best. 

SAMBUCUS. — Elder; a bactericide. Decoction of the 
flowers completely sterilizes the streptococcus of erysipelas; 
simmered in lard, makes an invaluable, antiseptic ointment for 
healing old ulcers, especially rectal; the juice of the berries 
sterilizes the amylobacta of rheumatism; the inner bark in in- 
fusion is of great efficacy in rheumatism. 

SANGUINARIA. — The rhizome of Sanguinaria canaden- 
sis, or blood-root, grows most luxuriant in all parts of the 
United States, being one of the earliest, if not the most beau- 
tiful, of spring flowers. It contains various alkaloids. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Of utility in coughs, colds, catarrh. It 
has acquired quite a reputation in the destruction of the mi- 
crobe of croup in the form of an acetic syrup. 

It affords good results in atonic dyspepsia, with catarrh of 
stomach and bowels. 

Preparations and Doses. — The fluid extract, from 5- to 10- 
drop doses. 

Sanguinarin. — A valuable, stimulating expectorant and 
antiseptic ; small doses frequently repeated are best. 



818 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Dose: One-eighth to one-twelfth — one-sixth to one-fourth 
of a grain, every four hours. 

SANITARY SCIENCE. — Sanitary science can do much to 
prevent many contagious diseases which now depopulate the 
country, and that this is so there can be no doubt, for we have 
only to look at the old pestilences of the Black Plague, the 
Sweating Sickness, and other terrible diseases which have en- 
tirely disappeared owing to improved systems of living. Small- 
pox, yellow fever, malaria, cholera, scarlet fever, and diph- 
theria, all formidable enemies of our race, should also be made 
to disappear. It will take time, effort, and money, but what 
is time and what is money if not to be devoted to wise uses? 
It is a question with some whether this should be done by the 
government, or by individual effort and co-operation of the 
people of any community. We believe it should be done by 
all these means, but as far as possible by individual effort and 
community effort. Even the country town, with one or two- 
thousand population, should have its health society to keep 
alive the feeling in this matter and act when necessary. 

SANTONIN. — Destroys worms (lumbricoides) ; is a tonic 
of rare value. The action of air and light destroys its prop- 
erties, renders it yellow ; so see to it that it is in white, color- 
less crystals. In small doses it has a peculiar vibrating action 
upon the nerves of organic life and those of nutrition, increases 
the appetite ; under its use patient gains flesh ; it stimulates the 
ovaries, and is an emmenagogue and a microbicide. 

Dose: One grain dissolved in warm water for worms; as a 
tonic, one-quarter or half a grain, form of a lozenge, every 
other night, followed by comp. syr. rhubarb and potassa fol- 
lowing morning. 

SARCIN^ VENTRICULL— A pathogenic microbe, an 
evolution in relaxed or devitalized mucous membrane of the 
stomach, found in groups or squares of 4, 8, 16 or 24; either 
the cause of gastric catarrh, which see. 

Sarcinae Intestinalis. — Cocci, or packets, in groups of 
four, or eight, very small size, but very regular in form, occur 
only in the intestines in cases of chronic diarrhea, and catarrh 
of the bowels. 

Virginia stone crop is unquestionably the best remedy we 
possess ; salol, naphthalin, resorcin, creolin, come next in order ; 
mineral acids are of some utility. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 819 

Sarcinae Urinae. — Extremely small cocci, united into 
families of eight to sixty-four, present in the bladder in vesi- 
cular catarrh. 

Sterilized by either boroglycerid, or uric acid solvent; the 
insertion of a papoid bougie into the bladder, and permitting 
it to dissolve, speedily kills the entire brood. 

Sarcinae Uteri. — Cocci very small, but forming large 
packets, common in intrauterine catarrh. It is sterilized by the 
administration of the wine of aletris, and the insertion of papoid 
or salix nigra bouge into the uterus, general tonics and altera- 
tives. 

i 

SAW PALMETTO (Sabal Semilata).—A species of palm, 
a native of maritime parts of the United States, which grows 
as far north as latitude 35 degrees, which is farther north than 
any palm is found. It attains a height of from forty to fifty 
feet, and has a crown of large palmetted leaves, the blade from 
one foot to five feet in length and breadth, and the footstalks 
long; the flowers are small, greenish and in long racemes; the 
fruit or berries are black, about as long as a pea-pod, and un- 
eatable. The leaves are made into hats. The terminal bud, 
or cabbage, is eaten. The wood of the trunk and branches is 
extremely porous, but is much preferred to any other kind of 
wood for wharves, as it is extremely durable, not liable to 
decay in water, or to be attacked by worms or other insects. 

The uses of the saw palmetto are very various — the wood 
for wharves, leaves for hats, the bud or cabbage for food by 
the lower grades of humanity, and the berries with wonderful 
success in medicine. These berries contain properties of great 
power, which act upon certain parts of the human organism. 

The fluid extract of this invaluable berry is a nutrient tonic, 
far in advance of the comp. hypophosphites, almost equal to 
the tincture of oats, but has a special action upon the glands 
of the reproductive organs, as the mammae, ovaries, prostate, 
testes, etc. Its action is that of a great vitalizer, tending to in- 
crease their activity, to promote their secreting faculty, and 
add greatly to their size. 

It is specially indicated in all cases of wasting of the testes, 
such as follows varicocele, or is induced by masturbation, or 
which is often present in sexual impotency. 

In atrophy of the prostate, so very common in cases of 
sexual perversion, this drug operates in a most remarkable 
manner, in overcoming the withered, blighted state of the 



820 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

gland; so in uterine atrophy dependent upon ovarian blight 
its action is unexcelled. In gynecological practice it is much 
used to promote the growth of the mammae. 

But it is on the prostate gland that this remedy exercises its 
best effects. Great medical authority states, that when "the 
hair becomes gray and scanty .... the prostate gland 
becomes increased in size," and this, irrespective of age. Nine 
men out of every ten have enlarged prostate, and one atrophy, 
ages varying from 35 to 75, respectively, the result either of 
early indiscretion, as masturbation or excess, or perversion of 
the sexual act, or sedentary habits, or from improperly cured 
gonorrhea. 

The prostate is composed of two lobes and a median portion. 
Sometimes one portion or all may be enlarged — the part af- 
fected influences the function of micturition, whether it be 
wasted or enlarged. A patient may have enlargement as great 
as a small cocoa-nut and no obstruction to micturition, pro- 
vided the median portion is only but slightly enlarged. 

A man with prostatic trouble has always impaired sexual 
power, verging on partial or complete impotency, with wasting 
testes ; with urinary trouble, either a frequency, or a dribbling, 
a lack of power of propulsion. The dribbling or lack of power 
of retention is altogether different from stricture, for in the 
latter the power is good, strong ; although it may be as fine as 
a thread, or split, or twisted like a cork-screw. 

Prostatic disease, acting reflexly on the brain, gives rise to 
innumerable cerebral affections. Here is a quotation from an 
orthodox text-book on the medical treatment of enlarged pros- 
tate: "There is nothing to Be done for it; you cannot diminish 
or increase the size of the prostate by any known means." The 
use of the saw palmetto, in both enlarged and atrophied pros- 
tate, completely invalidates the above statement. 

Did our space permit, we could cite case after case, in both 
morbid conditions, in which the saw palmetto was used, in 
which the size of the prostate was equalized, the difficulty of 
micturition was relieved, the stoppage, dribbling, lack of force, 
completely overcome, and the improvement in sexual power 
steady and most gratifying. A perfect rejuvenation follows 
the use of the palmetto; the general nervous system becomes 
balanced and reinvigorated. 

Besides, the cocain suppository is a wonderful aid, and, if 
need, rectal and urethral bougies, composed of papoid, trypsin, 
could be used. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 821 

The Saw-Palmetto Suppository. — The action of the 
ozonized extract of the saw palmetto is well defined in all cases 
of hypertrophy and atrophy of the prostate gland, a nutrient 
tonic to the damaged sexual organs. The active principle of 
these berries is a resinoid, which, when introduced into a sup- 
pository and inserted thrice daily, acts well in elderly men in 
restoring lost virile power. Its action as a supository is im- 
mense — superb — for it is most efficacious in promoting a re- 
newal of life in chronic cystitis, urethritis and all irritable con- 
ditions of the urinary tract. 

It is a standard preparation, a vitalizing tonic to the repro- 
ductive organs, a genuine rebuilder. 

SAXIFRAGA. — An herbaceous, perennial plant. 

Therapeutic Uses. — A bactericide of the first order. When 
administered, it kills the bacillus of cancer, syphilis, and tuber- 
cular. The compound syrup composed of saxifraga, blue flag, 
tag alder, bitter-sweet, corydalis, poke root, and aromatics. 
Each fluidram contains 5 grains of iodide- of potass and 5 
grains of chlorate of carbon, subjected for a week to twelve 
atmospheres of ozone gas. Is generally used in doses of 1 
teaspoonful, three times a day. 

SCABIES. — A contagious, troublesome skin disease, at- 
tended with great itching, which is increased by warmth. 
Commences as a papular, vesicular, or pustular eruption ; ves- 
icles or pustules ruptured by scratching, causing excoriation ; 
generally met with on the finer portions of skin, as the inside of 
the fingers or abdomen. The cause is the A cams scabiei, a mi- 
croscopical animal parasite, which infests the human body. 
The female is much larger than the male, and, after impregna- 
tion, she burrows herself beneath the skin, and forms a furrow 
or ditch, in which she lays her eggs. The males have itinerant 
habits, and wander about the surface of the skin. In bad 
cases, the entire body may be covered. 

Treatment. — Usually bathing, drying off well, then smear- 
ing the body with either oil of bergamot or benzin. Repeat 
every other day, and change bed clothes with body clothing. 

SCARLET FEVER. — One of the eruptive fevers, caused 
by the presence of a micrococcus in the blood spread by con- 
tagion and infection, by the transfer of living particles from 
the skin, mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, throat, and 



822 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

from urine and feces. The susceptibility to the ingress of the 
micro-organism diminishes as age advances. It is highly con- 
tagious and infectious, has a definite period of incubation, fever 
and decline. -During these stages it is very easily recognized 
by the sore throat, prostration, loss of appetite, headache and 
backache, and the stage of incubation six days; then rigors, 
symptoms intensified, fever; the tongue at first furred or 
coated, then becomes raw or strawberry-looking; the throat 
red, inflamed and in bad cases ulcerated. 

The rash usually appears on the second day of the fever, 
and is red, diffused, smooth, silky to the feel, and remains four 
days and then disappears, and a general peeling of the entire 
skin in which the micrococci are lodged, and most abundant, 
takes place and continues from three to five weeks. 

For plainness of description it is customary to describe it 
under three forms : simple, anginosa and malignant. In the 
latter the eruption is livid, tongue black, glands of the throat 
often suppurate, feeble vital force, prostration. In very mild 
cases, with strong vital force, eruption may never appear, 
termed latent. 

The gravest complications are ulceration of the throat and 
desquamative nephritis. The latter may occur in mild cases. 
Whenever the eruption fades, the skin peels if there be strength 
left. 

The best microbicide to administer in all cases of scarlet 
fever is a solution of chlorine, and the only other remedies to 
soothe the damaged kidneys are passiflora incarnata and tinc- 
ture of gelsemium. 

If these remedies are properly administered there is no in- 
dication for the use of such remedies as aconite, belladonna, 
digitalis. 

Chlorine, passiflora, gelsemium cover the field entirely. 

Another special and important precaution is bathing morn- 
ing and night up until the eruption appears, then anointing 
with ozone ointment, to which a few drops of the oil of 
eucalyptus is added, and this to be continued during the process, 
of desquamation. The instant of its recognition isolate the 
patient in an airy, well-ventilated room, with no carpets and as 
little furniture as possible. Every soiled article should at once 
be thoroughly disinfected by the use of formalin, one table- 
spoonful to the quart of water. Nothing should be taken from 
the patient's room in a dry state, they should be placed in a 
formalin solution at once. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 823 

When the peeling of the skin has entirely ceased the patient 
should have a warm bath, dressed in new clothing, and the 
room disinfected. Isolation from three to five weeks is justi- 
fiable in all cases. 

It has been recently demonstrated that the microbe of scarlet 
fever attacks all domestic animals, and that it is often com- 
municated through the milk of cows. This micrococci has a 
special affinity for all animal bodies, which take up this germ 
with avidity, being most minute, so subtle that it can float in 
the air and adhere to particles of matter, carrying those mi- 
crobes which are thrown off from dried mucus, from the nos- 
trils or mouth, or perspiration, urine or feces. All these se- 
cretions are germ carriers, and no doubt sewer air, drinking 
water, soil emanations, play their part in preserving the germ 
and scattering it. 

The micrococcus of scarlet fever is best antagonized by the 
administration of grain doses of resorcin in solution as often 
as the attending physician deems prudent. 

This treatment effaces the toxin in the blood, and thus pre- 
vents suppuration of the glands of the throat, pleurisy, endo- 
carditis and pericarditis, progressive paralysis, muscular wast- 
ing, dropsy, with or without albumin, cirrhus of the liver, peri- 
tonitis, etc. 

Just as soon as the resorcin ameliorates fever, follow it with 
protonuclein, to increase the number of leukocytes, to protect 
the tissues against further inroads. 

Protonuclein always does good, as it retards the growth of 
all microbes. 

SCIATICA. — This differs from all other forms of neuralgia, 
in the fact of its etiology being a true neurosis, brought about 
by agencies that cause exhaustion, such as muscular exertion, 
traumatism, exposure, which act as depressants, while the toxin 
of the bacillus amylobacta gives rise to irritation, effusion of 
plastic lymph, which produces thickening of the sheath of the 
nerve and compression. 

It is a common malady among men at the middle period of 
life. 

Sciatica generally begins with an attack of lumbago, usually 
preceded by prodromal manifestations, but sometimes it begins 
suddenly, with full severity, the pain becoming sharp, parox- 
ysmal, intolerable in its intensity, excruciatingly severe. 

In the cure of such cases the condition of the alimentary 



824 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

canal deserves grave consideration. No beer, no amylaceous 
food, no article liable to fermentation, should be given. The 
uric acid solvent and from three to six tablets of siegesbeckie 
should be administered daily, dissolved in water. The comp. 
syrup saxifraga is an invaluable remedy in every case of sci- 
atica, as it excites absorption of the effused lymph. Over the 
entire length of the sciatic nerve, from its emanation from the 
lumbar portion of the cord to the popliteal space, apply the 
acupuncturator daily, immediately following its application 
with the jelly of violets, over which the rubber adhesive plaster, 
bandaging the limb and applying a posterior splint ; this is the 
modern method, the most effectual in procuring absorption of 
effused lymph and instantaneous relief of pain. 

Another method of quick relief is to place the patient upon 
ozonized tincture apocynum. Saturating a sponge with the 
bisulphide of carbon, make two or three passes along the course 
of the nerve. The first sensation is extreme coldness, followed 
by burning heat, but relief is instantaneous. 

SCLEROSIS. — The classical symptoms of ataxia are char- 
acteristic : the gait, defective vision, scanning speech, loss of 
the knee-jerk, weakness and rigidity of muscles, incipient 
paralysis, brain and nervous degeneration. 

The toxin of the. bacillus of syphilis lies at the root, and 
properly at the etiology of all cases of a growth of connective 
tissue, either in brain or spinal cord ; the toxin is selective and 
attacks weakened organs or parts. 

The toxin of either hereditary or acquired syphilis is the 
direct cause of a very large precentage of paralysis and mental 
infirmity. No syphilis, no paralysis. 

Locomotor ataxia is becoming so common, is so insidious 
in its development and so intractable to cure, it is well to con- 
sider its nature and causation from every possible point of 
view. 

The latest researches appear to indicate that the essential 
lesion is located in the brain — the optic thalamus — and that it 
is of an atrophic or degenerative nature. Hitherto, it has been 
considered a purely spinal disease, but it now seems probable 
that, starting in the optic thalamus, the process extends to 
the spinal marrow and thence to the surface of body through 
the spinal nerves. 

Brain diseases are not easily recognized in their incipiency. 
Comparatively few physicians are well informed concerning 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 825 

the physiology and function of the mental organ. Departures 
from mental health are often ascribed to eccentricity, depravity, 
idiosyncrasy, etc., when they are really the result of brain 
disease. 

So, maladies starting in a central brain-lesion are not met 
by a correct diagnosis until they have progressed far enough 
to seriously involve the body and make it difficult to determine 
which is cause and which effect. 

Mind is the creator, quickener and preserver of the body, 
and the brain is its organ. Trouble in the brain will surely 
reflect itself in the body. We are familiar with the effects of 
bodily ill-health on the mind, but the effect of mental and brain 
disease on the body is just as great. The central origin of dis- 
ease is not sufficiently appreciated. 

Locomotor ataxia is, in the start, a disorder of sensibility. 
The function of the optic thalamus is to receive objective sense 
impressions. General sensibility includes both sensory and in- 
tuitive perceptions. In the subjects of locomotor ataxia, the 
normal balance between sensory and imaginative perceptions is 
lost. Dreams, visions, hallucinations are common. Fancy 
is heightened. They have exalted ideas and conceptions. 
Sometimes, they are abnormally brilliant; at others are 
lethargic. 

Taking this view of locomotor ataxia — that it is a disorder 
of sensibility, seated in the optic thalamus, spreading to the 
corpora striata, and through it affecting the gait and other 
movements — the treatment is plain. 

The palsy of sensation, the atrophy or degeneration of nerve 
tissue in the optic thalamus, can be held in check by the same 
means which develop and keep the sensorium healthy — by use. 
Employ the skin — which is a great sense organ — as a medium 
to convey a variety of sensations to the sensatory tract ; electric 
baths ; massage ; air and sun baths ; preparations of phosphor- 
ous, spermin, glycerophosphate of soda, ozonized Phytolacca 
berry juice, so as to arrest the degenerative changes induced by 
the toxin of syphilis. 

The dose of the remedy, given thrice daily, just enough to 
maintain the hepatic secretion in activity, five to fifteen drops, 
added to water. 

Other authorities on ataxia state that besides the toxin of 
syphilis, alcoholic poisoning, sexual excesses give rise to scle- 
rosis or a growth of connective tissue ; that, as a rule, irritation 
of the posterior columns of the spinal cord takes place first, 



826 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

then spreading to nerve trunks and motor columns, thus gradu- 
ally involving the entire nervous system. 

They also have found Phytolacca berry juice a stay to the 
progressive inroads of a toxin, that its action is much aided by 
the application of a large guaiacol plaster over the lumbar por- 
tion of the cord. 

Also that pine-tree baths daily — that is, a warm alkaline 
bath — to which is added four ounces of the ozonized pine dis- 
tillate, affords great relief, especially if followed by massage; 
that this bath maintains an active cutaneous circulation, over- 
comes inertia of the bowels, the sluggish lethargy of the glands 
of the body. 

Others appreciate greatly the use of saxifraga as an altera- 

SCROFULA. — A term used in medicine during the past 
century to designate a deposit of the tubercle bacillus in the 
lymphatic and other glands. The name is now obsolete, being 
used only by medical pretenders, and ignorant practitioners of 
medicine. 

It is now discarded. Tubercle effused in the lymphatic sys- 
tem necessarily gives rise to a lack of functional activity in the 
process of digestion and assimilation, with retarded elimination 
of waste products. 

Tubercular deposits, whether they be in gland, joints, cuta- 
neous surface, each and all give evidence of deficient vitality; 
an inability to maintain healthy activity. 

The true principles of practice, to be effective, are identical 
with tuberculosis. 

SCROTAL HYPERTROPHY.— We often meet with acute 
edema of the scrotum in badly managed cases of gonorrhea 
and syphilis. True, such a complication is often present in 
some cases of cardiac and renal disease, and it is well to see 
that none of these exists. A correct recognition of it is in- 
dispensable, as the appearance of the scrotum in all, enlarged, 
glistening, translucent. A complete absence of heart and 
kidney disease, in such cases, is most suggestive. 

Solid edema, hypertrophy of the scrotum (elephantiasis) is 
quite of a different character. It is rarely seen on our con- 
tinent, but common in all tropical countries. A disease due to 
the presence of the tubercular germ in the skin — an outgrowth 
of cutaneous tissues with tubercle infiltration. When this 
affection appears the skin increases in thickness from the germ 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 827 

and effused lymph, becomes coarse and furrowed, and in the 
furrow cracks and fissures form, which give rise to offensive 
ulceration. 

The prepuce or foreskin is generally affected at the same 
time as the skin of the scrotum, so that the penis is quite buried. 
The testicles are found in their normal position, but there is 
usually a slight hydrocele. The hypertrophy goes on to an 
enormous extent. A similar affection often attacks the feet 
and legs. 

Ransack the entire materia medica, there is no remedy that 
seems to arrest the progress of this malady but the periodate 
aurum internally and locally, in the latter incorporated in ozone 
ointment. 

SCURVY. — An abnormal condition of the blood, essentially 
•due to the poisoning by ptomains of tainted animal food — to 
the bacteria of putrefaction, which gives rise to anemia and 
uses up the alkaline constituents of the blood. Anemia is the 
effect of the struggle of the organism against infection ; it is the 
initial lesion. 

Generally caused by a sameness of diet, mode of life and 
want of vegetables and fruit. 

Its diagnosis is the history of the case, debility, hemor- 
rhages from nose and mouth, also extravasation into the skin, 
albumin in the urine; spongy or ulcerated state of gum, the 
teeth drop out, breath has a peculiar fetor ; skin livid or purple 
in spots. Serous effusion into the brain, chest, abdomen and 
cellular effusion. 

Truly, lime-juice and fresh vegetables are regarded as spe- 
cifics, but our best remedies are rest in the recumbent posture, 
daily alkaline sponging, flannel clothing, pure air, sunlight if 
possible; push chlorate potassa in five-grain doses; mineral 
acids and cinchona, ozone water, coca wine, avena, kephalin, 
etc. Abundance of ripe fruit and vegetables, juice of meat, 
eggs, game, acidulated drinks to excite the alkaline secretions. 

SCUTELLARIA. — Commonly known as skullcap, grows 
over the United States. 

Therapeutic Uses. — It is a nervine of the first class. It can 
be administered, dose after dose, until a quasi-paralysis of both 
motor and sensient nerves is produced — a state of nerve-rest 
without death, during which vital recuperation of the nervous 
system takes place. It is, therefore, an invaluable remedy in 



828 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the nerve storm of epilepsy and chorea; in the coagulated brain 
of chronic alcoholism ; in motor paralysis ; insanity. 

Preparations and Doses. — A decoction of 2 ounces of the 
herb to 8 ounces of water ; fluid extract, 1 to 2 drams ; adminis- 
tered frequently so as to almost completely suspend nerve- 
circulation. 

SEA AIR. — Considerable speculation has from time to time 
been made as to what causes the invigorating and tonic prop- 
erties of a sea-breeze. Ozone is very commonly accepted as 
at any rate an important factor in this connection, since it is in- 
variably present in air that has been in contact with sea-water, 
and especially agitated sea-water, and to a smaller extent in the 
air of the country, but it rarely occurs in the air of towns and 
crowded places. Ozone, however — and with it probably traces 
of hydrogen peroxide — is undoubtedly formed by air skimming- 
over the surface of fresh water, and hence the breezes coming 
over the large lakes and rivers become ozonized and bracing. 
The true native American or genuine Yankee has an instinctive 
fondness for procuring his change or spending his holiday 
down by the water side, be it sea, lake, or river, probably be- 
cause he finds, though he does not know exactly why, that the 
air of water-side places does him more good than the air of the 
country, where there are trees and beauties of landscape but 
no large tract of water. The freshness of the early morning 
air is due most probably to the formation of dew on the pre- 
vious night, the transition from the vaporous to the liquid state 
causing ozonization of the air with which the condensed watery 
particles come into intimate contact. This freshness disap- 
pears as the day wears on because of the readiness with which 
ozone is destroyed by organized and organic substances. The 
exhilarating effect of a sea-breeze may, however, be ascribed 
to other bodies which are foreign to inland air. Thus sea air 
contains a tracable amount of salt and iodides, attaining a. 
maximum of 0.022 dram per litre, or about one and a half 
grains per gallon. These mineral ingredients derived from the 
sea doubtless accentuate the tonic action of sea air, and, further, 
it is probable that ozone interacting with chlorides and iodides 
would lead to traces of chlorine and iodine being present. 
Many persons describe the smell of strong sea air as iodous or 
chlorous, and it has even been said that the starch used in face- 
powders turns blue at the seaside on account of the iodine in 
the air forming blue iodide of starch. If that be so the blue 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 829 

and haggard appearance characteristic of many faces exposed 
to a strongly salt-impregnated breeze would find an interest- 
ing, but perhaps embarrassing, explanation. 

SEA, OR MOTION SICKNESS.— The brain, the heart, 
the cerebrospinal, great sympathetic nervous system have been 
referred to as the seat of this distressing disorder. No doubt 
all are implicated and unable to discharge their special func- 
tion; besides, it constitutes the disturbance of a special sense, 
whose function is to determine the posture of man, to govern 
and direct the mechanism by which the body is maintained 
in an erect posture and in equilibrium. 

This special sense is highly developed in the Caucasian. This 
faculty of equilibrium is located in the brain; optic lobes; the 
nervo-vital fluid or bed-plate of the cerebrum and cerebellum, 
upon which the brain rests. The motion, undulatory, either 
backward, forward, downward, or oscillating, an element of 
irregularity and uncertainty. 

It is customary to classify it under one or other of three 
forms, nausea and vomiting being a leading feature in all. 

1. The endolymph, flowing freely in the semicircular canals 
of the inner ear, is subject to all the laws which govern fluids : 
inertia, gravitation, friction. It flows in a straight, horizontal 
current ; follows the motion of the head ; the plane of the canals 
corresponds to the direction of the motion, and the endolymph 
continues to flow on until it is arrested by friction, which is 
transmitted to the sensorium; insubordination and giddiness 
are the result. The fluid in the canals is agitated, rocked, 
washed about; the finer nerve filaments are irritated and 
abused; repeated a number of times, nausea and vomiting fol- 
low. 

The disturbance of the cerebrospinal nervous system, to- 
gether with the vascular and muscular systems, is the necessary 
result of the effect produced by the motion of the vessel upon 
the semilunar ganglia and the viscera they endow with organic 
nerve force. 

2. Visceral vomiting, due to mechanical disturbance of the 
viscera, contusion of the contents of the abdomen, produced by 
the heaving of the ship. Here, again, we are compelled to go 
back to the brain, as the entire viscera are covered by the great 
sympathetic; the disturbance is transmitted to the centre and 
retching and vomiting supervene, followed by more or less re- 
action, according to the constitutional powers of the sufferer. 



S^o The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

3. A mechanical disturbance of the stomach from the motion 
gives rise to a feeling of uncertainty, dizziness, nausea, vomit- 
ing, accompanied by much prostration, great paleness, gone- 
feeling; visual vertigo depending upon exhaustion of the optic 
mechanism. Mental and physical prostration are powerful. 
Still, in this form we must look to the semilunar and allied 
ganglia. 

In the recumbent position, in the centre of the vessel, head 
to the bow, feet to the stern, nature has made provision for 
the equilibrium of the body. In that position the nervo-vital 
fluid leaves the base of the brain and flows into the spinal 
canals. 

A reversion of the movement in the semicircular canals is 
the cause of the trouble. For this irritation of the nerve cen- 
tres, produced by the ceaseless motion of the ship, quinine, 
nitrite of amyl, nitroglycerin, coca et celerina, bromhydric acid 
and other remedies have been tried, but all fail. An ozonized 
extract of passiflora incarnata is a remedy which rectifies and 
equalizes the lymph flowing in the semicircular canals and acts 
as a preventive to seasickness. It is a concentrated extract, 
highly ozonized, and a great vitalizer; it is a good remedy, 
does the work every time, and has a tremendous sale in all sea- 
ports. All physicians and travelers say there is nothing like it. 

SECRETION. — The term is applied to that process by 
which part of the blood is separated from the circulating 
organs. The manner in which secretion is effected is perfectly 
unknown. 

The secretions are divided into exhalations, follicular secre- 
tions, and glandular secretions. 

Of the Secretion and Excretion of the Tears. — The 
tears are secreted from the lachrymal gland, from whence they 
are conveyed by six or seven excretory canals to the upper and 
outer part of the eye, where they pass through the conjunctiva, 
and are carried by a triangular canal, formed in the edges of 
the tarsi, to the inner canthus of the eye, where they are ab- 
sorbed by the puncta lachrymalia, and conveyed by two tubes 
to the lachrymal sac. From the lachrymal sac the tears pass 
by the nasal duct into the inferior meatus of the nose. 

Use of the Tears. — The tears keep the cornea moist, pre- 
vent the friction of the eyelids on the eyes, and wash away 
any extraneous bodies which may have fallen into the eye. 

Secretion of Milk. — The milk is secreted in the glandular 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 831 

substance of the mammae. The tubuli lactiferi arise in numer- 
ous small portions of the gland, called granules. As they ap- 
proach the nipple, the ducts unite into twelve or fifteen of con- 
siderable size, which terminate on the surface of the nipple by 
open mouths. The milk is for the purpose of nourishing the 
infant. 

Secretion of Saliva. — The saliva is secreted by the par- 
otid, submaxilliary, and sublingual glands, and conveyed by 
their ducts into the mouth. Its use seems to be to assist the 
mastication and deglutition of the food, and its digestion in 
the stomach. 

Secretion of Gastric Juice. — The gastric juice, a fluid 
somewhat analogous to saliva, is supposed to be secreted partly 
"by the extreme arteries of the villous coat of the stomach and 
partly by the glands. It dissolves those substances which are 
nutritious to the animal. 

Secretion of the Pancreatic Juice. — The pancreatic 
juice is secreted in the acini of the pancreas, and conveyed by 
numerous small ducts into the great pancreatic duct, which 
opens along with the biliary duct in the duodenum. It is sup- 
posed to assist in chylification, bv diluting the acrimony of the 
bile. 

Secretion of Bile. — The bile is secreted in the liver by 
the minute branches of the vena portse into the acini or penicilli ; 
from thence it passes through the excretory ducts, called the 
pori bilarii, into the hepatic duct; this, with the cystic duct, 
forms the ductus communis choledochus, which terminates in 
the duodenum. It is said by some that the blood of the vena 
portse, having more carbon and hydrogen than that of the 
hepatic artery, is more proper for furnishing the elements of 
the bile. 

Excretion of Bile. — When digestion is not going on, the 
opening of the ductus choledochus is closed by the contraction 
of the duodenum ; and the bile not therefore finding access into 
it, regurgitates into the gall-bladder, where it acquires greater 
consistence. When the duodenum is distended with chyme, 
the irritation it produces is propagated to the gall-bladder, the 
parietes of which contract and force the bile along the cystic 
duct into the ductus communis choledochus, and from thence 
into the duodenum. 

Use of the Bile. — The bile precipitates the feces from the 
•chyle, and excites the peristaltic motion of the intestines. 

Secretion of Urine. — The urine is secreted bv the minute 



832 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

branches of the renal artery into the tubuli uriniferi, then 
through the papillae or mammary processes into the calices or 
infundibula. These uniting, form three or four principal 
tubes, which terminate in the pelvis of the kidney. The pelvis 
contracting forms the ureter, which carries it to the bladder. 

The oblique manner in which the ureters penetrate the blad- 
der prevents the urine from returning ; the inner membrane of 
the bladder lying over the opening, produces the effect of a 
valve. 

Excretion of Urine. — As soon as there is a certain quan- 
tity of urine in the bladder, we feel an inclination to discharge 
it. This we effect partly by the contraction of the bladder it- 
self, and partly by the action of the abdominal muscles and 
diaphragm, which press the intestines against the bladder. 



SEMINAL INFERTILITY.— Motion is an essential ele- 
ment of life. In healthy semen, the spermatozoa move with 
great activity. The products of inflammatory action are 
highly deleterious to all living matter with which it comes in 
contact; hence effusions of serum, mucopurulent secretions, 
highly acid, are injurious to the spermatozoa, either partially 
or completely paralyzing them, and they either move sluggishly 
or not at all, even when examined, under the microscope, when 
freshly ejaculated. 

It is therefore an invariable rule in all inflammatory condi- 
tions of the genitalia and accessories, urethra, seminal ducts, 
prostate, spinal cord and brain motionless spermatozoa are 
found. Indeed, this rule can be extended to all morbid con- 
ditions of the organs enumerated — under all motionless sper- 
matozoa, which are unfruitful. Whether the motionless sper- 
matozoa, which discharged into the female genital tract in 
coitus, ever regain their mobility, that is resuscitate, is a prob- 
lem still unsolved. 

What we do know is that in many unfruitful marriages the 
spermatozoa are motionless. The cause of the sterility is this 
abnormal condition of the semen, some motionless, some living, 
furnish a condition of not absolute sterility. Poisons and the 
toxins of disease germs, each have a special definite action upon 
the spermatozoa ; alcohol gives us the type of idiocy, groveling- 
manners; the toxin of syphilis, gonorrhea, leprosy, typhoid, 
cancer, etc., each act injuriously in the production of motion- 
less spermatozoa; so do some drugs, like bromide of potassa. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 833 

and coal-tar derivatives; mechanical injuries, blows on the 
back and head, are extremely hurtful. Probably of all 
agencies in production none are so destructive to the sperma- 
tozoa as coitus with harlots. 

We have made a series of microscopic observations upon 
vigorous, healthy men. Coitus, after weeks of abstention from 
the act, is not accompanied by the ejaculation of seminal fluid 
teeming, as has been said, with abundant and lively sperma- 
tozoa, but that, on the contrary, they are comparatively rare. 
Many show no manifestation of life, and others are by no 
means active. Repeated coitus is followed by an abundance of 
young, very active spermatozoa. 

Observations on the fluid of seminal emissions, though often 
made within an hour after the event, rarely showed many 
spermatozoa, and the few present were, as a rule, not espe- 
cially active. Spermatozoa seem to degenerate while in the 
seminal vesicles, and it is only after these are emptied that 
really active germinal particles are to be found in the seminal 
fluid. The importance of this for certain forms of sterility is 
•evident. This theory, too, gives a new biological significance 
to nocturnal emissions that occur normally in the continent. 
Nature is getting rid of germinal material that is no longer 
in proper condition to fulfill its function perfectly, not merely 
wasting, as has been taught, precious reproductive elements. 

Motionless spermatozoa are, then, an evidence of infertility ; 
subsequently they are deprived of their vitalizing actions upon 
the nerves, which give rise to erections ; giving rise to sexual 
lethargy. 

In the treatment of such cases, the removal of causes is es- 
sential, getting rid of all morbid conditions incidental to the re- 
productive organs, to neutralize the toxins of all disease germs, 
then select two of the best remedies for the restoration of lost 
virility, and push for ten days and change, substituting another 
two ; thyroid extract, protonuclein, kephalin, avena sativa, c. p. 
solution of spermin, comp. matricaria. 

Each case must be treated according to its etiology — difficult 
often to determine the cause — often mixed up with other con- 
ditions; for instance, comp. matricaria alternated with c. p. 
solution of spermin are general tonics and restoratives to the 
genital system; they exercise a direct rejuvenating influence 
over the glands of the sexual apparatus, an exhausted testis 
promptly responds to their administration. The utility of 
daily bathing, the use of the flesh brush with massage; their 



834 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

vitalizing action, the brain centres. Activity in the sperma- 
tozoa is augmented by a diet rich in phosphorus, and the two 
remedies, kephalin and avena sativa. Ordinary preparations 
of both damiana and saw palmetto are worthless, but take the 
ozonized, then you have a remedy of worth, of real merit. It 
possesses all the special properties of damiana in the most con- 
venient form ; its alterative effects on the alimentary canal and 
tonic action upon the brain and nervous system generally. In 
the numerous forms of neurasthenia it has been highly success- 
ful, as it soothes the stomach, invigorates the nervous system, 
and relieves the exhaustion. Ambrosia orientalis, another 
sexual invigorating remedy. 

Muira puama is a true cerebrospinal stimulant, the only 
remedy that has a direct energizing action upon the nerves that 
supply the erectile muscles. 

Every means of improving the general health aid in the 
evolution of an active, vital spermatozoa, a testicular secretion 
from the brain-semen, one-half of which is destined for cere- 
bral nutrition; its loss, its inactivity, produces serious intellec- 
tual defects, mental alienation. 

SEMINAL VESICLES. — The vesiculse seminales are two 
membranous receptacles, situated one on each side, beneath the 
base of the bladder, between it and the rectum. Their length 
is usually about two inches, and their greatest breadth from 
four to six lines ; but they vary both in size and shape in differ- 
ent individuals. Their posterior extremities are separated 
widely from each other, but anteriorly they converge so as to 
approach the two vasa deferentia, which run forward to the 
prostate between them. With the vasa deferentia thus inter- 
posed, they occupy the two diverging sides of the triangular 
portion of the base of the bladder, which lies upon the rectum, 
and is bounded behind by the line of reflection of the recto- 
vesical fold of the peritoneum. The seminal vesicles them- 
selves rest upon the rectum, but are separated from it by a 
layer of the rectovesical fascia which attaches them to the base 
of the bladder. Their posterior ends lie beneath the openings 
of the ureters. 

The common seminal or ejaculatory ducts, two in number, 
are formed on each side by the junction of the narrowed ex- 
tremities of the corresponding vas deferens and vesicula sem- 
inalis, close to the base of the prostate. From this point they 
pass side by side through the prostate between its middle and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 835 

lateral lobes. After a course of nearly an inch they end in the 
floor of the prostatic portion of the urethra by two valve-like 
slits placed in the verumontanum, one on each prominent mar- 
gin of the opening of the prostatic sinus. 

Seminal vesiculitis is usually secondary to mischief in the 
urethra. It is a common accompaniment of gonorrheal epi- 
didymitis, and originates in a precisely similar manner. When 
the inflammatory process has crept from the urethra along the 
common ejaculatory duct to its termination, it is as likely to 
proceed along the short seminal tube to the vesicle as along 
the twenty- four-inch vas, deferens to the epididymis. I believe 
it commonly extends along both these structures. 

I have seen the vesicles inflame secondarily to urethritis, set 
up by the passage of a bougie, by the presence of a stricture, 
by masturbation after coitus with a leukorrheal woman, and 
by the elongated front of a bicycle saddle. I have seen both 
vesicles suppurate in one case where their inflammation ap- 
peared to be primary; at least there was no antecedent cause 
discoverable in the urethra. 

When acute inflammation attacks a vesicle it gives rise to a 
swelling at the side of the base of the bladder, the greater part 
of which is due rather to effusion of inflammatory products into 
the perivesicular connective tissue than into the cavity of the 
vesicle itself, just as we see that in epididymitis the bulk of the 
enlargement depends upon inflammatory infiltration into the 
connective tissue between the tubules of the epididymis. 

Seminal vesiculitis, like acute epididymitis, most frequently 
terminates in resolution. It sometimes ends, however, in sup- 
puration, and, when this occurs, pus may make its way laterally 
into the ischiorectal fossa, or may diffuse itself deeply around 
the rectum (constituting one of the varieties of perirectal sup- 
puration), or may discharge itself by the ejaculatory duct, 
or may open either into the bladder or rectum, but never into 
both cavities together. 

Some cases pursue a chronic course, distend the cavity of 
the vesicle, cause permanent choking of the ejaculatory duct, 
giving rise to a cystic swelling behind and beneath the bladder 
and blighting the spermatozoa. 

The symptoms of vesicular disease are essentially those of 
vesical irritability, resemble prostatis, consist in uneasiness 
about the perineum, painful defecation, frequent painful mic- 
turition or retention, nocturnal emissions, persistent moisture 
or weeping penis, with some priapism. All the symptoms are 



836 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

easily explained : The distended vesicle produces a degree of 
pressure upon the back of the bladder in the neighborhood of 
the trigone, and this gives the frequent desire to urinate. Pain 
or uneasiness increases as the bladder fills : nocturnal emissions, 
undue erections are always present, owing to the irritation or 
hyperemia produced by the distended vesicle, and reflected 
irritation to the deep urethra and its connections. 

Prolonged or ill-treated gonorrhea, masturbation, perversion 
of the sexual act, bicycle riding, etc., are frequent common 
originators of this malady, which is affecting a very large pro- 
portion of our male population. 

Modern therapeutics, which rests upon a scientific basis, has 
crystallized a treatment of infinite value, one in which specific 
results are obtained. 

All cases are benefited by a general alterative and tonic 
course, with attention to the secretions, to clothing, bathing 
and diet.. 

Specially, the green root tincture of gelsemium,in doses rang- 
ing from 5 to 50 drops, thrice daily, is a genital sedative of the 
highest order; alternated with the ozonized extract of black 
willow in doses from half to one teaspoonful, as frequent, acts 
as a true sedative, astringent, and vitalizer of the ejaculatory 
ducts, and the entire reproductive area. 

From among the entire materia medica these two remedies 
are the only ones which will allay all irritation of the seminal 
vesicles. They are strengthening and sedative to the genital 
tract — check all leakages and emissions, control all inflamma- 
tory action. 

Their activity can be still further increased, the deep-seated 
urethra entirely rejuvenated by the introduction nightly of a 
salix nigra suppository and bougie; or the suppository used 
during the day and a cocain used at bedtime. 

An exceedingly common form of inflammation, met with in 
either the acute, subacute or chronic form, predisposed to by 
the tubercular diathesis. The common causes are bicycle rid- 
ing, gonorrhea, masturbation, sexual excesses. 

At the present time, nearly all physicians have numerous 
cases under treatment. 

In any of the three forms, there are marked disturbance of 
the sexual functions, either a diminution of sexual desire, or it 
may have disappeared altogether. In a small minority the de- 
sire is increased. In some, erections are almost absent, while 
in others they are persistent. The act of ejaculation is very 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 837 

precipitate, or it may be tardy and accompanied by much pain, 
and followed by pain in the perineal region. Seminal emis- 
sions are also frequent. The amount of fluid ejected is small 
and the spermatozoa are lifeless and reduced in numbers. 

When inflammation of the seminal vesicles originates from 
a gonorrhea, there is likely to be pus, often in a considerable 
amount, and even traces of blood, which give rise to a greenish 
coloration, owing to the oxidation of the hemoglobin. A con- 
siderable amount is characteristic of a severe case. Functional 
derangements of micturition are invariably present; besides, 
there is pain in evacuation of the bowels ; pain at the neck of 
the bladder; pain in the epididymis, and in the vesicle itself 
when the bladder is distended. 

In order to make a correct diagnosis, the seminal vesicles 
must be examined per rectum when the bladder is full, one 
finger being introduced through the anus, while with the other 
hand pressure is applied to the hypogastric region. By this 
means the lower half of the vesicle can be felt. If diseased, it 
will be distended and tender to the touch, especially in the acute 
cases. By pressing on the vesicle and drawing the finger along 
it some of its contents can be pushed into the urethra, and on 
urination they can be collected and examined. 

In treating these cases, rest in the recumbent position, ene- 
mata of a solution of ozonized boroglycerid, as hot as can be 
borne, at least thrice daily; each enema, when passed, should 
be followed by the introduction of a boroglycerid suppository 
per rectum; at bedtime a cocain suppository should be used. 
Internally, large doses of the green root tincture of gelsemium 
should be administered, alternated with full doses of the black- 
willow extract. 

The testicles should be supported by a suspensory, and fre- 
quently bathed with the ozonized distillation of witch-hazel. 
If there be much discharge from the urethra, no injections 
should be used, but rigid cleanliness observed. If the case is 
carefully guarded, there will be no danger of perineal abscess. 

Care must be taken to prevent hemorrhage, or setting up 
again active inflammation. In the large majority of cases 
these simple remedies will effect a cure, but old habits which 
give it origin must be, together with sexual intercourse, 
avoided. 

When all active inflammatory symptoms have completely 
subsided, a very generous diet, considerable rest, and a course 
•of treatment with ferratin and c. p. solution of spermin, in- 



838 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

culcated and persevered with for some months to overcome the 
neurasthenia which is invariably the result of inflammation of 
the seminal vesicles. 

Seminal Weakness. — The most common derangement of 
the sexual organs in man is a weeping penis. This may be 
simply a little moisture or a leakage, or an emission of seminal 
products, or a discharge of inflammatory products. Urethral 
discharges may be due to micro-organisms, as in gonorrhea, 
or those developed in the vagina of rank women ; to stricture, 
to prostatic catarrh, to irritation of the seminal vesicles, the 
result of masturbation, or other irritation. The urethral dis- 
charge cannot exist over ten days without the appearance of 
spermatozoa. They are most abundant in what is termed 
spermatorrhea, seminal emissions occurring either by day or 
night. 

The ozonized extract of black willow is a sedative, tonic 
and astringent to the seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, veins 
and arteries — a true anesthetic, which, if administered under 
the watching care of an honest physician, will stop all emis- 
sions ; but to make it more certain, more effective, a suppository 
made of the glucoside of salix nigra should be used every night 
on retiring, and occasionally a bougie of the same. 

This treatment, if properly carried out, never fails to stop 
the emissions, but we must bear in mind that there is an element 
of debility in all those cases, which requires a very careful tonic 
course. 

If the action of the black willow lessens peristaltic action, a 
small piece of kola-nut paste should be taken every evening. 

In all forms of urethritis, whether it be due to an injury, or 
masturbation, or bicycle riding, or to congress with courtesans, 
or to gonorrhea, so called, in every case, if permitted to 
progress, the gonococcus will appear, and treatment with ger- 
micides becomes imperative ; the ozonized thallin bougie, when 
used, wipes out every disease germ from the urethra; in addi- 
tion injections after urinating, with the ozonized distillation of 
eucalyptus internally, the mistura llaretta and ozonized extract 
of kava-kava pills speedily clears the urethra of all disease 
germs. 

Incidental to the devitalizing condition present in all urethral 
leakages, due to masturbation, bicycle riding, and coitus with 
lewd women of the brothel type, a weak, relaxed, tortuous, 
knotty condition of the veins is often present on the left and 
more rarely on the right side. Varicocele is indigenous to- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 839 

"genital debility and seriously interferes, when it exists, with 
the nutrition of the testes, is productive of profound impotency. 
Most cases are amenable to treatment with our newer reme- 
dies. Our ozonized, specially distilled witch-hazel for a local 
application, with rest, suspensory and improved nutrition. 

Matricaria as a tonic before meals, ambrosia orientalis two 
hours after eating, with three-grain protonuclein tablet at suit- 
able intervals during the day. Suppositories of ambrosia and 
damiana have been successfully used. 

Impotency, an inability to consummate the sexual act, is a 
prevailing malady, one which is greatly on the increase and 
which is growing. We would simply suggest to our readers, 
that, after all causes that admit of removal be got rid of, a 
careful scrutiny of the following list of our newer remedies can 
be selected for the purpose of rejuvenating the sexual organs. 

For a tonic, as a builder of wrecked sexual power, comp. 
ozonized matricaria before meals is good, to follow this remedy 
three hours later on with tincture ambrosia orientalis, with a 
damiana suppository at bedtime, still better. 

Muira puama is only of utility in cases with deficient erectile 
power. 

Protonuclein, of the greatest efficacy where the vital elements 
of cell growth are deficient. It is valuable in any case, acts 
still more energetically in alternation with ambrosia orientalis. 

Some cases are much benefited by the occasional administra- 
tion of the ozonized thyroid extract. The phosphoric ele- 
ments of the brain as found in glycerite of kephalin and ozon- 
ized tincture of oats. Bicycle exercise, not only productive of 
heart and prostatic disease, is producing a failure of brain 
power throughout the nation deplorable to enumerate — the 
termination of all this is in profound impotency. 

SEXECIO GRACILIS. — Life-root ; especially useful in de- 
fective uterine function, arising from a vitiated state of the 
system. 

The fluid extract, in doses of from 30 to 60 drops, is our 
best preparation. 

Pastil or suppository prepared from the glucoside, excellent 
in all forms of genital debility. 

SENILITY. — Old age, senile failure, is to be sought for in 
the circulation, in non-nutrition of the brain and nervous sys- 
tem ; in the incapacity of the heart ; in rigidity and narrowing 



840 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

of the blood-vessels, a shrinkage, either through atheromatous, 
fatty or calcareous degeneration; a loss of vitality, in which 
the finer vessels of the brain become obliterated, the typical 
fissures of thought lessened in depth— the elasticity of the nerve 
cells, both in the cortex and in the basal ganglia, suffer greatly 
— the same occurs in the minute vessels of the heart, stomach, 
pink marrow and other organs. 

Characteristic changes in senility are atrophy of brain and 
other vital organs, the heart through the sympathetic, then the 
function of digestion and reproduction. 

The most common causes that lead to early senility are ven- 
ereal excesses in early life, to vascular degeneration, to over- 
nutrition, inactivity of mind and body, too much sleep, not in- 
frequently alcoholic excesses and immoderate use of tobacco, 
an engrossing and monotonous occupation. Physical and 
mental degeneracy are aided by a sluggish cerebral circulation ; 
there is more of an opportunity to stasis and obstruction. 

Loss of sexual power is generally present in senility ; as it is 
purely of a cerebral origin, the diminution or loss of sensibility 
in the glans penis depends much on the changes that have taken 
place. 

Extreme longevity can be acquired by a simple mode of life, 
without either mental or physical inactivities or excesses. The 
power of vitality lessens with age ; some modifications of every- 
day life may be necessary, but any sudden interruption of them 
would be disastrous. 

The only remedies which the physician can prescribe and 
which are beneficial are a hopekd disposition, prolonged daily 
massage; kephalin granules, protonuclein, tonics and simple 
nutritious food. 

SEXUAL DEBILITY. — This is the most common of all 
maladies among men in North America, due in most cases 
either to masturbation 'or sexual excesses; or an ill-treated 
gonorrhea, or more recently to bicycle exercise. 

In every case, owing to the want of tone and contractility, 
' there is a leakage of seminal products, and a defect in the 
erectile power. 

In the present advanced state of medical science, no man 
need suffer from such a condition, for very nearly every case 
can be cured ; if placed under the care of a good, honest, Chris- 
tian physician; not some medical upstart humbug, quack or 
charlatan, that grow up like mushrooms, and who stultify them- 
selves by their dishonesty. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 841 

A reliable medical adviser will arrest all leakages, even a 
mere moisture at the orifice, by administering the ozonized ex- 
tract of black-willow bark thrice daily, by the insertion of a 
suppository of the glucoside of salix nigra every night, and 
every other day a soluble urethral bougie of the same; at the 
same time strengthening, toning and fortifying the physical 
and nervous system, nerves and brain by administering the 
ambrosia orientalis. 

These remedies are curative, given with indomitable per- 
severance and tact, adding occasionally passiflora or gelsemium, 
if irritation be present. 

It is no experiment, it is a perfect restoration of mental, 
physical and sexual vigor 3 and is within reach of all. 

It is an erroneous idea of some physicians to recommend 
marriage as a genuine cure for seminal weakness — it never 
does. The weak, exhausted, exsanguinated, nerveless, help- 
less wrecks are unlit for such a union. Such marriages bear 
fruit in infidelity, abandonment, suicide, insanity, crime, pros- 
titution. 

Once all leakages are completely wiped out, then prescribe 
either thyroid extract of protonuclein, with c. p. solution of 
spermin, with comp. matricaria to vitalize the sexual nerves, 
ducts, vesicles, testes, so as to secure the elaboration of fertile 
semen, which will produce strong, healthy, vigorous offspring. 

Still, we often meet with cases in which the sexual sense or 
appetite may be impaired or obliterated ; erectile power lost ; the 
spermatic fluid so weakened, so degenerated, that its pro- 
creative power is gone. Even then our faith in protonuclein, 
thyroid extract, ambrosia orientalis, muirajntama is strong in 
bringing about a restoration of power. 

Leakages, emissions, impotency, usually go together; still 
many impotent men have no visible leakage, nothing but an 
'inability to respond, erectile muscles being paralyzed, nervous 
ganglia blunted, exhausted. 

The trouble is these symptoms set in early in life, and can 
only be remedied by the above means. 

In sexual debility and impotence, there is likely to be irrita- 
tion, congestion, enlargement of the prostate gland, and this 
requires attention; besides the tone of his nervous system is 
lowered. He needs a good, strong, special, general, sexual 
tonic, as ambrosia and matricaria comp. Invariably a rapid 
improvement follows their administration. They reduce 
prostatic congestion, and effect some very remarkable results. 



842 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Sexual debility cannot exist without wasting or atrophy of 
the organs. They are associated together, and when a pa- 
tient responds to ambrosia, a redevelopment soon takes place. 
Physicians who have never prescribed ambrosia can scarcely 
realize its power, as it builds right up and restores sexual, 
strength and vigor. 

Irritation, congestion, inflammation of the prostate is a com- 
plication of sexual debility; every man who has either com- 
mitted masturbation, or has had a gonorrhea, or has had con- 
gress with a harlot, or with a woman incompatible, has it — 
the seminal ducts pass through its body, congestion means 
leakage — the bladder becomes irritable, sexual power declines 
as the gland enlarges and takes on induration ; it presses upon 
and deprives or paralyzes the sexual nerves, causes impotency. 
For an internal remedy, ambrosia orientalis stands first; for a 
local remedy, to rob the gland of its swelling, its hardness, its 
inflammation, a suppository of boroglycerid, followed by one 
made of ichthyol, once, twice, or even thrice daily. They 
soothe, anesthetize, retone, strengthen, revitalize sexual nerves ; 
strengthen the erectile and ejaculatory muscles. 

SEXUAL DEBILITY.— This term is often used, and its 
import is simply a condition of debility in the entire generative 
organs, usually, but necessarily, there is spermatorrhea, an 
oozing away of semen, or an oozing of a ropy, viscid fluid from 
the tubular glands of the prostate, after micturition, or defeca- 
tion, or a diurnal weeping or nocturnal involuntary discharges ; 
and mingled with all there is usually spermatozoa. 

The most common form is due to a relaxed state of the 
prostate and testes, usually the result either of masturbation, 
excesses, or gonorrhea. 

In seminal weakness there is usually either a discharge or an 
exudation, leakage, moisture, and in it can be detected sperma- 
tozoa, small, atrophied. Unperceived, this exudation may keep 
running along several weeks, months, years, without the in- 
dividual being even aware of it. Large quantities are often 
ejected if the bowels are constipated, as tenacious as the white 
of an egg. 

In whatever way seminal weakness be produced, whether by 
a fever or masturbation, or by excesses or abuse in early life, 
its effects are most disastrous, for early, even at thirty or forty 
years of age, if such a condition be not cured, the semen of 
those so afflicted becomes destitute of spermatozoa, poverty 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 843 

struck, and what we do find instead, in the so-called seminal 
discharge, dwarfed, dead, or infertile germs, with nearly all 
spermatic crystals; the presence of these crystals in the dis- 
charge denotes a weak, exhausted brain and spinal cord, nerv- 
ous bankruptcy; diminished spermatozoa or their entire ab- 
sence, degenerative changes, unproductive semen, decrepitude. 

Spermin is a remedy of great power in such cases, aided by 
other tonics to promote its absorption; once absorbed, it will 
cause the spermatic crystals to disappear, which are speedily 
superseded by a luxuriant crop of active, fertilizing sperma- 
tozoa, and the debility is removed. 

Sexual debility is either caused by, dependent on, or associ- 
ated with seminal emissions, either nocturnal or diurnal, in 
urine or at stool. 

Spermatorrhea, then, from whatever cause, must be wiped 
out before sexual debility can be completely overcome. For 
this purpose we possess some valuable medicaments. 

Green root tincture of gelsemium, combined with equal parts 
of the ozonized tincture of passiflora, administered in from 
fifteen- to thirty-drop doses before retiring to bed, exercise a 
sedative influence on the nerves of the reproductive organs. 
Continue for some time. 

Administer during the day the ozonized extract of black 
willow, and at bedtime insert a suppository made from the 
glucoside of the same. The remedy is remarkable for its tonic, 
anesthetic action on the sexual organs of both sexes. Probably 
the best remedy to control leakages, losses or emissions. The 
action of these remedies are permanent, not evanescent, and 
•can be relied on. 

Use only the ozonized preparations, as they are germicides. 
They cause a quiescent condition of generative power — act on 
the blood elements and on the seminal cells, as they do on in- 
ferior organisms. 

The spermatozoids become perfectly latent for the time be- 
ing, can no longer effect their migration. 

After these leakages have been thus completely arrested, a 
complete change in treatment is essential. 

Then prescribe comp. tincture matricaria before, with either 
c. p. solution of spermin, or tincture ambrosia orientalis after 
meals; with occasionally kephalin, avena sativa and thyroid 
•extract. 

Such a procedure is a sure cure for sexual debility. 

SEXUAL IMPOTENCY.— Impotence is a morbid condi- 



844 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tion in either sex, that prevents the spermatozoa of the male 
from coming in contact with the female ovule; in other words, 
it is an inability to consummate the sexual act. Sterility is 
a condition in which neither spermatozoa nor ovules are se- 
creted or elaborated ; or, if evolved, their vitality is immediately- 
destroyed, or possess no fertilizing power whatever — a perfect 
want of power to fecundate. 

The act of copulation in man may be rendered inoperative 
by a variety of causes ; such as by an absence of the penis ; or a 
want of growth or development, or malformation, or mutila- 
tion of the organ. The dorsal or upper aspect of the penis 
is covered with branches of sympathetic nerve, and its erectile 
power may be influenced by moral influences, as emotions, de- 
sires, affections, passions ; these may be simply overexcited, or 
violent, or dormant; the man may have lost his confidence, 
through fear, or modesty, or anxiety, or great love, or even 
disgust, and find it impossible to get an erection, the organ 
remaining flabby, like an old rag. It is to be naturally ex- 
pected that diseases, as in fevers, blood diseases, and general 
debility from any cause, would render the sexual organs feeble 
for some time. Injuries about the back of the head, blows, 
falls and jars of childhood, as well as the concussions, shocks 
of more mature life, as railroad accidents — which are a great 
factor in its production; heat of sun on back of head; those 
are the most stubborn, as sexual desire is located and semen 
secreted in the brain. Again, injuries and diseases of the 
spinal cord will abrogate the power to copulate, though the de- 
sire remains and semen may be secreted. Abuse of the sexual 
organs by masturbation, and by what is vulgarly known as 
tasting, destroys every vestige of erectile power. If persisted 
in, the function may be forever lost. Congress with loose, 
lax, very large women, or those affected with leukorrhea, or 
excessive sexual intercourse, will in time impair and remove 
the power of erection. Excessive obesity, large scrotal hernia, 
hydrocele, locomotor ataxia, and other diseases will also pre- 
vent coition. Drugs, and the reckless abuse of some remedies, 
have a most deleterious effect on the sexual function. The ex- 
cessive use of tobacco, which impairs digestion, weakens the 
nervous system, relaxes and whittles down the muscular tissue. 
renders a man feeble in procreative power, and ultimately saps 
his very vitals. Opium eating, or smoking, or morphine and 
chloral using, dries up the very springs of life, prevents the 
elaboration of semen in the brain, and paralyzes the nerves that 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 845 

supply the erectile fibres. The long-continued use of digitalis 
in cardiac affections tells most disastrously on the penis, in 
causing impotency as well as sterility. The long use of bro- 
mide of potassium on brain, spinal cord and testicle, is equal to 
castration. 

The most hopeless cases of impotency are those in which the 
brain and spinal cord have been damaged, from shock, con- 
cussion, the toxin of disease germs, sclerosis of the cord 
(ataxia), some chronic organic disease of the cord, thickening, 
mutilation; these are not common, and, as a rule, cannot be 
rectified. 

As a rule, there should be a general treatment in all cases, 
which should embrace daily bathing, with the use of the shower 
bath, friction, massage, hips daily ; bowels to be kept regular ; 
sleep on right side, and its duration extended to eight or nine 
hours out of the twenty-four; moderate exercise, no mental 
work, no care, no worry or excitement. The use of tea, coffee, 
whisky, together with tobacco, must be rigidly forbidden. 

The use of brain food should be insisted on, such as oatmeal, 
broiled white fish, corn bread, eggs, oysters, beef, mutton, 
poultry, game; aid digestion, if necessary, with pepsin or 
papoid and matricaria. 

An alterative and tonic course can always be followed with 
advantage ; as it has a tendency to improve the general health ; 
besides stimulating applications to the spine are most beneficial 
in the form of plasters, friction, shampooing, electricity. 

Men with a largely developed or weak great sympathetic 
often suffer from passive or imaginative impotency ; fear they 
have an inability; disgust with their partner; perfect incom- 
patibility in some cases, and it is in those very cases the ad- 
ministration of passiflora and matricaria work magnificently. 

As to special remedies for the cure of real genuine impo- 
tency, a physician can select from the following a few remedies 
of genuine, intrinsic value : 

Comp. tincture matricaria for all-around tonic, in every case 
of sexual impotency, is unexcelled in its action. It stimulates 
a rousing appetite, braces up the reproductive centre, the brain 
and the cord. 

The ambrosia orientalis, either in tincture, pill, tablet or sup- 
pository, is a powerful sexual vitalizer, a cerebrospinal stimu- 
lant, prompt and powerful in its action. 

Muira puama and damiana, tincture, bougie and suppository, 
are often of much value, especially muira puama, administered 



846 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

in small doses for a length of time. Its sole property seems 
to be to augment the strength of the erectile fibres ; if its action 
is well supported. by oats and kephalin, it has much merit as a 
vitalizing remedy. As regards damiana, the article must be 
good ; even then it has a feeble action. It is a drug much de- 
preciated by the manner in which ignorant charlatans have 
manipulated it. 

The animal extracts are of immense utility in aiding a cure 
of hopeless impotency. Either protonuclein or thyroid extract 
should be administered in every case, in alternation, week 
about; they favor evolution and growth of spermatozoa by 
their producing leukocytosis ; in other words, they are the active 
principle of life. 

In alternation with one or other of these two, either c. p. so- 
lution of spermin or glycerite of kephalin, or tincture of Scotch 
oats. 

These remedies are true builders of vital elements when 
once introduced into the alimentary canal; they are bound to 
generate, and augment sexual vigor. They produce a higher 
type of manhood, rejuvenate, revitalize the sexual centres in the 
brain and spinal cord. For the present age and its general 
characteristics these are the remedies for more power, more 
strength. 

The kephalin granules are a most elegant form, suitable for 
those unable to take liquid preparations. 

The brain of the modern Caucasian, in our present state of 
civilization, with its ceaseless activities and perpetual strain, 
cannot be kept in a normal state upon our ordinary food; its 
nutrition will become impaired, nay, literally starved. 

The great mass of our population, all mental workers, re- 
quire more vitalized brain food ; they require it as an indispens- 
able necessity for work, and as a prophylactic against disease. 

A deficiency of phosphates in our food is the initial step to 
cerebral starvation, a condition in which all our senses and 
faculties suffer; but none becomes so thoroughly bankrupt as 
the sexual sense — that which presides over the evolution of the 
spermatozoa. With a starved brain, cerebral anemia from 
any causes, the evolution of the spermatozoa goes on slug- 
gishly, feebly; they become diminished, dwarfed, misshapen. 
How different it is when the brain is adequately nourished and 
vital force vigorous, whether by brain food, or by that great 
vital constructor, ozonized glycerite of kephalin; the sperma- 
tozoa take on excessive development, become more numerous 
and extremely active. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 847 

In such states of vital force, then, the spermatozoa take on 
excessive development, increased activity. These have un- 
doubtedly great influence in the production of a higher type 
of manhood, superabundant stimulation and growth. 

The venereal appetite in man is by no means uniform, intense 
in some, feeble or entirely wanting or absent in others. Indul- 
gence may foster ideas, celibacy may extinguish it. The eti- 
ology of impotency in a very large proportion of cases may 
be referred to the nervous system — the great sympathetic 
chiefly, with its emotions, desires, affections, passions, as we 
see in personal antipathy, which invariably leads to sexual 
frigidity; the wear and tear of life, keen competition in the 
daily avocation repress it, as well as all depressing passions. 
Some cases must be referred to spermatorrhea, prostatic hyper- 
trophy, congestion of the deep urethra, the toxins of disease 
germs. All, according to rigid pathology, may be embraced 
under a general head of sexual neurasthenia. 

If the cause can be ascertained, which is often difficult, treat- 
ment must be made accordingly. In nearly all diseases the 
efforts of nature are to cure, but here every step is toward its 
disintegration; consequently the treatment should be active, 
cautious, scientific, aided by newer remedies and the great 
discoveries in physiological science for which the present age 
is distinguished. Fortunately for humanity, the progress of 
medical science the last thirty years has been immense and 
cures are now effected which were once deemed impossible. 

In all cases of impotency, no matter what the original cause 
has been, the prostate gland is usually congested, enlarged, 
irritable, and needs the use of a saw-palmetto suppository sev- 
eral times daily. The tone of the entire nervous system is 
lowered, and a good, strong, special general and sexual tonic 
is demanded, which we have in the ozonized glycerite of kepha- 
lin and in the granules — a remedy which invariably effects 
rapid improvement; a remedy which strengthens the whole 
genital fabric, especially the erectile muscles, invigorates the 
sexual nerve ganglia, soothes and vitalizes the prostate. Most 
remarkable cases of impotency and its cure, restoration to full 
sexual vigor, might be recorded if space permitted. 

Impotency when chronic is usually accompanied with wast- 
ing of the organs and the whole body. 

What can be done to-day in sexual, seminal and urinary dis- 
eases was impossible thirty years ago, but by unremitting labors 
in medical science, and newer remedies, and a few months' time. 



848 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

broken-down humanity, perfect wrecks, can be fully and per- 
fectly restored to sexual strength and vigor ; so that the afflicted,, 
after many trials, failures to find the proper cure, can now find 
in c. p. solution of spermin, not exactly infallible, but one which 
has effected wonderful results in very hopeless cases. Certain 
it is that this remedy, used by all the American and by very 
many British savants, and indorsed by the leading physicians 
of both countries, must be curative in its effects. Universal in- 
dorsement and success attend the administration of this one 
remedy. 

Many young men at thirty, nearly all men at fifty, are com- 
pelled to get up during the night to urinate. This and the 
tardiness to start the stream are due to an enlarged prostate — 
a progressive indication of failing sexual power. Enlarge- 
ment of the prostate deprives the sexual nerves of their power, 
paralyzes, causing total impotency. The insertion of a boro- 
glycerid, followed by the ichthyol suppository, will in time re- 
move this enlargement, rob the gland of its inflammation, 
absorb the lymph effused in it, retone, strengthen and revitalize 
the sexual nerves, promote a renewal of life in the erectile and 
ejaculatory muscles. Persevere with these and a perfect res- 
toration to health is secured. 

An excellent internal remedy in these cases is comp. tincture 
of matricaria. 

Debility caused by disease, by the abuse of tobacco, opium, 
chloral, alcohol, by blows on the head or back, may. give rise to 
impotency, in which a cure may be difficult. Even the sexual 
decay of old age is often overcome by the use of the kephalin 
granules. As a rule we are sexually powerless at too early an 
age. 

Most men are or have been indiscreet, and console them- 
selves by asserting they never had emissions, never committed 
masturbation, never resorted to sexual perversion, never read 
a sexually devitalizing book, but they have, and it is in ad- 
vanced life it begins to tell; then they feel the effects of their 
latent vices. 

These cases should be placed for six months upon ambrosia 
orientalis, in alternation with avena sativa; if not radically 
cured, will be much improved. 

SEXUAL PARALYSIS.— The last thirty years has brought 
to the notice of the profession a peculiar condition of the sexual 
organs (confined to men about twenty-five up to forty and up- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 849 

wards) ; it might be termed apathy, but in reality it is impo- 
tency of a special type, a loss of power and sensibility, with no 
deterioration of the general health. 

It might, with propriety, be termed a sexual blight. Such 
cases neither threaten life nor reason, still they are often stub- 
born to treat. 

Usually, there may be some symptoms of indigestion, and a 
slight debility after continued exertion. For this I have found 
the matricaria invaluable given before meals. 

In elderly cases I have, however, found it necessary to add 
muira puama to strengthen the erectile tissue, and impart a 
full restoration of the sensitive nerve cells. 

Before the introduction of these remedies I found it difficult 
to cure sexual apathy. 

If, in these cases, a secret weakness is detected, which is 
draining away the vital fluid, even if it be but a moisture 
sufficient to undermine the health and strength, it will in time 
induce softening of the brain, apoplexy or paraylsis. 

Loss of this kind must at once be checked by the administra- 
tion of the ozonized extract of the black-willow bark ; by salix 
nigra suppository and bougie. These remedies can be de- 
pended on ; reliable for their efficacy. 

Sexual paralysis, which is the loss and decay of erectile 
power and sensibility, is an advanced stage of impotency, al- 
though it may come from either masturbation or congress with 
harlots, injuries to the head and spinal cord, or to enlarged pros- 
tate pressing upon the sexual nerves, admits of a cure in the 
hands of a progressive physician with those newer remedies. 

Masturbation in early life depreciates all the elements of 
manhood ; it checks physical growth and is highly detrimental 
to the evolution and growth of the mental faculties; the act 
deteriorates their secretion, the semen, rendering it infertile, 
incapable either of evolution or production of growth. » 

A drained-out nervous system, a starved brain from this 
very fact is characterized by indistinctiveness of vision, dilated 
pupil ; diminution in the sensitiveness of the auditory apparatus ; 
feebleness or loss of voice ; mental preoccupation ; hebetude of 
mind; confusion of ideas and profound melancholia, with a 
suicidal tendency; such are the effects of masturbation, and 
with it sexual impotency. 

Impotence is a condition of the sexual organs in which a 
man is unable to beget his species ; he may have either lost his 
erectile power through masturbation, or all desire, or his vital 



850 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

fluid may be so weakened, so degenerated as to have lost his 
procreative power. 

A highly developed nervous organization, which is the char- 
acteristic of the modern American, succumbs to things ab- 
normal more readily than one in the intellectual torpor of bar- 
barism. Thus, either an ill-treated gonorrhea, or frequent coi- 
tus with women wholly incompatible, very soon brings about 
a failure of sexual power, an inability to respond when called 
upon. 

The trouble in all these cases lies in the erectile muscles, 
which are either- weakened or paralyzed in the nervous bulbs or 
ganglia, which are usually either blunted or exhausted. 

Impotency has many complications ; the most common being' 
spermatorrhea, disease of the bladder and prostate, with wast- 
ing of the testes, cerebral wreckage. 

In the cure of all cases of sexual impotency, whether the pa- 
tient be twenty-five or seventy-five years of age, all known 
causes and complications should, if possible, be removed. Sper- 
matorrhea is more readily and positively cured, either by the 
administration of ozonized black-willow bark or the oil of 
thuja orally, and by bougie and suppository; all irritation of 
the genito-urinary organs can be held in complete control by 
the careful administration of the green root tincture of gelse- 
mium ; if there be bladder trouble, enlarged prostate, the ozon- 
ized uric acid solvent internally, together with the judicious 
use of the ichthyol and boroglycerid suppositories, if properly 
manipulated, are essentially curative. Probably the most hope- 
less complication is varicocele, and even with that time, pa- 
tience and good remedies an improvement may be effected. 
Usually one side only is affected, hence better hopes of a cure. 

SIEGESBECKIE, TINCTURE.— Local ; paint on as indi- 
cated. Stimulant; parasiticide; useful in ringworm. The fol- 
fowing formula is generally used : Fluid extract siegesbeckie, 
1 ounce ; salicylic acid, 30 grains. Mix. Apply with a brush. 
Equal parts of the same fluid extract and glycerin. Shaken 
up well, rubbed in over any patch of tinea, at once kills plant, 
spores and broods. Internally, it has acquired quite a reputa- 
tion in destroying the bacillus of typhoid fever and other mi- 
crobes. It has a wide sphere of action, both locally and in- 
ternally, as a bactericide. It acts as a microbicide in aphthae, 
gangrene, bed-sores. 

One dram of the tincture to 2 drams of syrup forms a power- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 851 

ful alterative. Equal parts of this syrup of sieges"beckie and 
fluid extract of hydrocotyle form the transcendental alterative 
of the ancients. Dram doses, thrice daily. 

The tincture, added to water, is administered in chorea, stam- 
mering, and other nervous diseases, in doses of from 5 to 10 
drops, which is an ordinary dose in all cases. 

This glucoside in five-grain tablets, either dissolved in the 
mouth or water, is of inestimable value in all maladies in which 
a disease germ is the factor; they can be administered in 
typhoid fever and erysipelas. 

An ointment of the glucoside beat up in ozone ointment, val- 
uable in microbic cutaneous affections; as a dressing to open 
cancers and ulcers. 

SIGHT. — Although the Caucasian was the last of the races 
created, he is the most perfect in Divine mechanism — his brain 
the richest in cineritious matter and in convolutions of thought. 
Although he possesses this superiority and is the only civilizing' 
race — the race that possesses the attributes of invention and 
progress in sciences and arts, still, withal, his senses are far 
inferior to woman's, and to other lower, inferior and distinct 
races. The senses of smell, hearing and seeing are more acute 
and powerful in the Negro, Indo- American, Mongolian, etc., 
than in the white race. 

Vision, or sight, is performed by the brain through a perfect 
optical apparatus, the eye, by or through which the brain looks 
at the exterior world. There are variations in vision. In 
order to arrive at a proper conclusion as to a deviation, a normal 
standard must first be laid down. 

SIMABICIDIA. — This compound is composed of equal 
parts of the fluid extract of cedron seed, coto bark, Jamaica 
dogwood, manaca, tonga and black cohosh, highly ozonized. 

This combination has proved to be of very great service in all 
forms of neuralgia, especially in cerebral, angina pectoris, in- 
tercostal, and in rheumatic and syphilitic pain. 

Simabicidia is most efficacious in the alleviation of all pain 
dependent on a deficiency of life in nerve tissue — all pain that 
passes by the name of neuralgia. It does this by promoting a 
renewal of life in that tissue ; at the same time it annihilates all 
disease germs in the blood, and thus affords nutrition by purer 
and better blood. The remedy thoroughly purifies and invig- 
orates. While using it, nourishing food and proper hygiene 
must not be neglected. 



852 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

SKIN DISEASES. — In a cursory glance at cutaneous dis- 
eases the best method of diagnosis is to take them as so many 
effects of inflammation dependent upon either microbes in the 
blood or skin. 

Erythema, or redness, is a rash in the form of red, irregular 
patches, generally diffused, or nearly continuous ; although gen- 
erally due to malassimilation and bacteria, it is not contagious ; 
in some cases there is great prostration, rigors, fever, the rash 
(bacteria) appearing on any part of the body and giving rise 
to a sense of burning, tingling, and in bad cases pain. 

Roseola. — Scarlet rash ; a rose-colored efflorescence, occur- 
ring in various forms. Usually begins on the face or extremi- 
ties in the form of red pimples or points, which spread and form 
rings, which may or may not coalesce. Itching, tingling, often 
fever. Dependent upon malassimilation (bacteria). 

Urticaria, or nettle rash, hard, rounded, or oval elevations 
of the skin, sometimes pale, in other cases red ; non-contagious ; 
with or without fever. Due to the bacteria present in mal- 
nutrition, associated with nerve disorder, or catamenial irreg- 
ularity. Usually there is itching, tingling, burning; wheals 
often vanishing from one part and reappearing elsewhere; 
sometimes chronic. 

General Measures. — Emetic, warm alkaline bath daily ; open 
bowels with salines ; aconite and belladonna for fever, glycerite 
ozone; nitric acid in cinchona. Lotions warm, bicarbonate 
potass to eruption, covered with oiled silk, or lime-water, di- 
luted. 

Diet. — Plain, nourishing, avoidance of salt meat and shell- 
fish. 

Vesicles, Blebs. — Herpes, or tetter, is a general term ap- 
plied to vesicular eruptions on the skin with burning pain, itch- 
ing, tingling, followed by scabs ; and finally red spots, with or 
without fever, lasting weeks or months or years, all forms be- 
ing extremely contagious, as the bacteria and other germs are 
let loose in the serum or effusion. 

Herpes Labialis is a form that occurs on the lips, mouth, 
fauces, tongue ; it is usually associated with cold, malnutrition, 
disease germs in blood. There are found in those vesicles, 
bacteria; oidium albicans; germs of syphilis and the bacilli 
tubercle. 

Herpes Preputialis. when it occurs on the prepuce, or on 
head of penis, small vesicles, isolated or in clusters. Depend- 
ent on a perversion of sexual congress, pre-eminently con- 
tagious and infectious. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 853 

Remedies. — Saxifraga, Phytolacca, belladonna, glycerite 
ozone. In tetter of the prepuce, as fast as a vesicle appears 
puncture it with a fine needle, then press a sponge on it satu- 
rated with peroxide of hydrogen ; then keep lotions of lime- 
water or boroglycerid applied all the time. 

General Measures. — In all forms of tetter keep applied lo- 
tions of antiseptics. Boroglycerid is one of the most elegant. 

Herpes Zoster, or shingles, clusters of vesicles in an irregu- 
lar band, or patches on hands and body. 

Eczema. — Dermolia is the best dressing, with cacodylate of 
sodium internally. 

Pemphigus. — When nerve force is terribly shattered; when 
the brain has lost its cohesion ; blood literally eaten up by dis- 
ease germs, especially those of syphilis, rabies, bacilli of tubercle, 
etc., we meet with an eruption of large blebs or blisters, rang- 
ing in size from a small marble to that of an egg. These blebs 
or blisters contain a yellowish fluid in which millions of bac- 
teria and other disease germs literally swarm. 

In acute pemphigus, fever, great prostration, there is much 
redness prior to and after the effusion has taken place in and 
around the blebs. 

In the chronic form there is no fever, but the eruption is 
preceded by a sense of pricking and smarting. Both forms 
dry up and terminate in 

Rupia. — Flat, distinct bullae, containing serous, purulent or 
dark sanious fluid followed by thick scabs or ulcers, appear 
often on the lower extremities, loins or nates and other parts 
of the body. 

Rupia is the same size as the pemphigus which preceded it ; 
where blood is badly damaged, loaded with disease germs, in 
some of the bullae, they eat, burrow deep, give rise to very fetid 
discharge, with pain, sleeplessness. 

Treat same as for syphilis, alternating saxifraga with caco- 
dylate of sodium ; antiseptic lotions of boroglycerid ; peroxide 
of hydrogen ; lime-water ; tincture iodine. Greasy, oleaginous 
remedies not admissible. 

Sudamina. — Numerous minute vesicles of millet-seed size; 
at first transparent, afterwards slightly opaque, almost or al- 
ways symptomatic: an attendant on many forms of fever, 
phthisis. 

This miliary eruption is evidence of greatly depreciated nerve 
force, and generally associated with night-sweats, and dis- 
appears on the administration of quinine, aromatic sulphuric 
acid, nux vomica, glycerite ozone, mistura guaiacol. 



854 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Effusion of Lymph — Ecthyma. — Eruption of pustules; 
situated on elevated, hard, inflamed bases, usually distinct, non- 
contagious, and without fever. Many varieties. 

Impetigo. — Pustules, not prominent, breaking, and dis- 
charging an excoriating ichor, then thin scabs attended with 
great heat; itching, smarting. Due to dentition; menstrual 
disorders; constitutional derangement, local irritation, as in 
dyeing. 

Impetigo Figurata (Moist Tetter). — Minute yellow pus- 
tules ; closely crowded upon an inflamed red skin, then ichorous 
discharge ; greenish-yellow or translucent scabs. 

General Measures. — Resort to same general treatment as for 
other skin diseases. Saxifraga, cacodylate of sodium and 
Phytolacca ; locally keep lint or several layers of Canton flannel 
saturated with boroglycerid lotion, peroxide of hydrogen, cov- 
ered with oiled silk, change thrice daily. 

Papulae, or Pimples — Strophulus. — Red or white gum, 
according to color. Minute florid pimples, dispersed ; some- 
times with red patches; over exposed surface, or the whole 
body; occasionally with a few vesicles. A disease of infants; 
often due to irritating clothing, filth or gastric irritation. 

Lichen. — An extensive eruption of pimples, in children or 
adults, with or without internal disorder; followed by desqua- 
mation. 

Lichen Simplex. — Prickly heat, small red pimples, on face 
forearm, or whole body ; with head tingling and itching ; usually 
preceded by fever; duration, one or two weeks, or chronic. 
Alkaline baths. 

Lichen Agrius. — Begins with fever, subsiding with erup- 
tion, numerous red pimples, in large patches, with efflorescence ; 
often a few vesicles. Itching, burning and smarting, followed 
by excoriation, scabs, then dry scales ; skin often fissured, dura- 
tion, two weeks or more. 

Urticatus. — Combined with urticaria. Other varieties. 
Usually due to heat or disordered digestion. May follow fever : 
scarlatina, rubeola, strophulus, prurigo, erythema, urticaria: 
sometimes from eczema, impetigo, psoriasis, herpes, syphilitic 
eruptions. 

Prurigo. — Papulae of the color of the skin, with excessive 
itching, usually chronic and without fever. Eruption in one 
or many spots, usually on the neck, back, or outer side of the 
limbs ; the violent scratching followed by small black scabs of 
concreted bloody matter, itching, creeping, pricking; in old 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 855 

cases, eruption mingled with vesicles enlarged, hardened and 
with pustules ; peculiarly inveterate and troublesome. Due to 
gastrointestinal disorder; deteriorated health, uncleanliness. 
Many varieties. 

General Remedies. — In all cases attention to stomach and 
bowels ; rectify any condition of indigestion or malassimilation. 
Inculcate a general tonic and alterative. Give saxifraga and 
Phytolacca comp., cacodylate of sodium, cinchona, ozone water, 
glycerite of ozone, avena sativa. 

Diet. — Rich in blood elements; daily alkaline and bran 
baths. 

Acne. — Chronic eruption of scattered pustules, with in- 
flamed, hardened base, terminating often in tubercles, and prob- 
ably seated in the sebaceous follicles, occurring on the face, 
shoulders, chest, or about the nose and on the cheeks. Most 
frequent between the ages of fifteen or thirty years, and prob- 
ably always or more frequently due to onanism, or masturba- 
tion, usually obstinate. Many varieties. 

Remedies. — Saxifraga, Phytolacca, glycerite of ozone. Face 
washes of lime-water and iodide of potash, hydrarg. bichlorate, 
sulphur. 

Rosacea. — Yellow pustules on a deep-red base, the former 
often giving place to tubercles. Most common on the nose; 
then on the cheeks and forehead, occurring from intemperate 
eating or drinking. Digestive disorders on or about the cessa- 
tion of the menses often give rise to it. 

Remedies. — Stimulate liver. Nux, saxifraga, sulphur, caco- 
dylate of sodium, or Phytolacca. Apply ozone ointment, or an 
ointment of sulphur, or sulphur boiled with lime, iodide potass 
and chloride of ammonia to the nose. 

Parasites. — These affections consist of both disease germs, 
animal and vegetable, and parasites, pretty much embraced 
under the head of tinea. 

Tinea Capitis. — After thoroughly cleansing the head and 
removing all the incrustations possible, the daily application of 
the following speedily destroys the vegetable growth : Salicylic 
acid. gr. xxx; tinct. benzoate, gtt. xxx; ozone ointment, one 
ounce. Mix. 

Tinea Tonsurans. — The parasite here is the trichophyton 
tonsurans ; when located on the head gives rise to tinea capitis, 
or crusta tactea, or scald head of infants ; when on the body 
ringworm, vesicles in circular patches, followed by minute 
scales ; successive crops ; usually on the face, neck or arms. 



856 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Tinea Favosa, common form; scabs quite regular, cup- 
shaped so as to resemble honeycomb. May remain for years. 
Disintegrating at their surface and falling off in white powder, 
offensive odor. 

Tinea Decalvans, a cryptogamic growth arising from the 
hair follicles. 

Tinea Versicolor, liver spot, a cryptogamic growth in the 
pigmentary gland. 

Tinea Sycosis, due to a cryptogamic growth of fungus, ex- 
tremely contagious, like all the preceding parasite affections. 
Small pustules, scattered or closely crowded, seated in the seba- 
ceous and hair follicles, each pustule usually penetrated by a 
hair; often on the chin or upper lip; the pustules followed by 
brownish scabs. 

Remedies. — In all the parasite diseases of the skin, remove 
incrustation of parasites by linseed-meal poultices ; then apply 
germicides, as ozone ointment, iodide of sulphur ointment, 
thymol ointment, lotions of boroglycerid, salicylate soda. 

Improve general health by alteratives and tonics, saxifraga, 
cacodylate of sodium, cinchona, mineral acids, country air, daily 
bathing. Keep eruption rigidly excluded from air and light- 

Scabies. — Itch, pimples, vesicles and pustules, singly or 
intermixed; between the fingers, or on the wrists, or in other 
parts, with intolerable itching. Contagious ; first, itching ; the 
part examined showing a minute vesicle; these usually sepa- 
rate; scratching leaves scabs and dark crusts, or pustules. Often 
intermixed with other forms of skin diseases. 

Diagnosis. — Nothing reliable but the presence of the itch 
insect (acarus scabies) in the field of the microscope, where it 
can be seen with a low power, if it exists. 

Remedies. — Rub over affected parts with an ointment of 
thymol or ozone ointment, or both, or with benzoin or berga- 
mot. Another good formula: Naphtholi, 15 parts; saponis 
virid., 50 parts; adipis, 100 parts; pulv. cretae alb., 10 parts. 
Mix. Anoint patient all over with this. 

Squamous — Psoriasis. — Slight elevations of reddened 
skin, covered with whitish scales ; not depressed in the centre ; 
originating in minute papules; the patches sometimes rough 
and chapped, attended with severe itching, burning and ting- 
ling, occurring on the face, more frequently on the body and 
limbs; sometimes on the hands (grocers' itch) : sometimes on 
the prepuce or scrotum. Severe forms preceded by fever, head- 
ache, etc. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 857 

General Measures. — Everything to be done to build up the 
nervous system and purify the blood; locally, bran bath and 
chrysophanic acid, as follows : Chrysarobin, 10 parts; salicylic 
acid, 10 parts; ether, 15 parts; flexible collodion, 100 parts. 
Paint over the affected part once or twice daily. 

Lepra. — Leprosy, a disease beginning' with minute solid 
eminences ; followed by scaly patches ; with depressed centre, 
the scales fall and are renewed, enlarging on the border. Dura- 
tion indefinite. Many varieties. 

Chaulmoogra oil, echinacea, cacodylate of sodium. 

Pityriasis, or dandruff, brain disease. Superficial inflam- 
mation of the skin with continued exfoliation of minute, bran- 
like scales, usually on the head, often extending to parts or 
whole of the body with itching, pricking, etc. May appear at 
first in dry, white scales, or in superficial redness followed by 
scales. Sometimes when the scales are removed ichor follows, 
then scabs on scalp, termed dandruff ; in severe forms the ichor- 
ous discharge concretes with the hair, forming a thick crust 
over the head. On the eyebrows and face it is termed mor- 
phew. 

Remedies. — Alteratives and tonics. Kephalin, avena sativa, 
coca, cinchona, mineral acids, kolatin. 

Ichthyosis, fish-skin disease, a thickened, hardened, rough 
state of the cuticle, somewhat resembling horn; breaking into 
irregular scale-like pieces : without inflammation. Most fre- 
quently congenital, and in these cases the skin, at birth, is of a 
thick, harsh and dirty color. No itching or pain; health often 
remarkably good. 

Tubercular — Elephantiasis (of the Greeks). — Erup- 
tion of irregular tumors from the size of a pea to that of a 
walnut. Shining ; dusky red, and afterwards bronze colored ; 
very tender : usually on the face, which is then knotty, rugose, 
distended, enlarged and of livid hue. May extend to contigu- 
ous mucous membranes and organs of sense, causing partial or 
complete loss of the senses, of the voice. 

Elephantiasis (of the Arabians). — Barbadoes leg; 
chronic ; indurated swelling of subcutaneous tissues with alter- 
ation of the skin, and enlargement and deformity of the limb. 
Beginning with acute inflammation of lymphatic vessels, and 
fever, then the skin sometimes smooth, sometimes fissured, with 
ulcers, etc., often with erysipelas. Sometimes subsides spon- 
taneously. 

Frambesia. — Yaws ; eruption of tuberculous excrescences 



858 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

resembling raspberries; most abundant in the face, axilla; 
groins and about the genitals. Contagious. 

Discoloration. — Freckles, patches of excessive develop- 
ment of pigmentum nigrum. 

Bronze-hue. — In large, irregular patches ; due to continued 
use of nitrate of silver. 

Ephelis. — Patches of yellow, or brownish-yellow discolora- 
tion, with bran-like exfoliation and slight itching. 

The recent additions to our list of remedies for all cutaneous 
diseases are the ozone tablets and peroxide of hydrogen. Both 
remedies are meeting with great success in those chronic or 
so-called incurable cases, as rupia, psoriasis, lepra, etc. 

The skin, without any condition of disease, may increase in 
length and breadth so as to form flaps or ridges. 

Warts, or Vegetations, are simply an increase of the pa- 
pillae and cuticle. The commonest variety is that met with ori 
the hands of children,which consists of lengthened papillae, each 
containing a vascular loop, and clothed with dry, hard cuticle. 
Another class consists of enlarged papillae, clothed with a very 
thin cuticle, which come on the inside of the thighs, perineum, 
and on the genital organs. Some are highly vascular, and 
bleed easily ; some are pale, indolent, flat ; others tall, and dis- 
charge a sour, irritating fluid. 

Treatment. — The parts should be washed several times a day 
with borax and glycerin; and if they do not disappear, touch 
them daily with a ten per cent solution of chromic acid or ozo- 
nized oil of thuja. Horny excrescences should be removed by 
the knife. 

Moles. — Oblong patches of imperfectly organized skin, with 
black matter in its interstices. Small vascular patches and 
other congenital conditions should be removed with chromic 
acid. 

Corns. — These are simply growths of thick cuticle, not lying 
on the true skin like callosities, but penetrating into it. They 
are caused by friction or pressure of tight boots or shoes. 
There are two kinds, the hard and the soft. The hard is situ- 
ated on the surface of the foot, where the cuticle can become 
dry and hard ; the soft, between the toes, where the cuticle is 
soft and spongy. 

Treatment. — Boots and shoes well adapted to the feet ; feet 
to be bathed night and morning in soft water, or rendered soft 
by soda, well dried, and rubbed with glycerin. 

To remove corns without a particle of pain, and within a 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 859 

short period, take salicylic acid, thirty grains; extract of can- 
nabis indica, five grains ; collodion, half an ounce. Mix. Ap- 
ply with a earner s-hair-pencil brush thrice daily. 

Bunion. — A swelling over the metatarsal joint of the great 
toe. It is simply a bursal swelling, or thickened bursa, more 
or less inflamed and tender, with an increase of fluid. It should 
be treated by rest, alkaline fomentations, and keeping it painted 
over with collodion and tannic acid. 

SLEEP. — Sleep consists essentially of a suspension of the 
higher functions of the higher centres of sensation and percep- 
tion, inaction of the motor centres. The action of the cord 
persists as well as the vital reflexes. 

The majority of people in this country do not have sufficient 
sleep. We are frequently accused of being a nervous race,. 
showing conditions of mental and physical excitement in many 
forms of expression to a far greater degree than other races. 
This is no doubt owing to our peculiar civilization, and to the 
fact that new countries afford greater opportunities than those 
which have long been settled. Thus ambition and energy are 
developed in proportion to the chance for their prosperous dis- 
play. These conditions, together with possible climatic influ- 
ences in some cases, are sufficient to account for the prevailing 
nervous activity and tension. The consequent lack of natural 
sleep is without question the chief exciting cause of broken 
health and depleted nervous force in a large number of cases. 

Eight hours of sound sleep is enough for the average adult 
in good health. This does not mean simply eight hours in 
bed, but that amount of solid sleep night after night. 
To be sure, there are persons who apparently do well 
on six or seven hours of sleep in the twenty-four, but these are 
rare exceptions to the rule. Very few people in good health 
can be at their best without nine hours of sleep every night. 
Yet very few in active life get as much as six or seven hours. 

If this amount is required for one in health who is not ex- 
hausting more nervous and muscular force each day than his 
organic capacity can restore, then it is rational to conclude that 
when there is unusual strain of emotion, intellect, or muscle, 
more rest and sleep are needed to maintain the economy against 
wear and tear. 

It seems to be an accepted fact by physiologists that ultimate 
nutrition — that is, the actual conversion of the blood elements 
maintained by food into the various structures of the body as 



86o The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

nerve cells, muscle fibre, bones, etc. — takes place mainly while 
these structures are in a quiescent state, or, so to speak, "off 
duty." Hence, unconsciousness represents the best condition 
for nutrition, and normal unconsciousness is sleep. It is, there- 
fore, when the brain and whole cerebrospinal nervous system 
are in repose that exhausted force and the power to direct its 
expression can best be renewed. 

While then it is true that simply resting will often enable 
one to recover from fatigue, still the more profound rest se- 
cured by sleep is needed, especially in order that the brain and 
spinal nervous system may be rehabilitated each twenty-four 
hours to such a degree that health and strength are maintained 
and not slowly wasted away. 

There is but little danger that anyone in active life will sleep 
too much. To you who are exhausted, worn out, and sick the 
plea is made that you set to yourselves the task of adding faith- 
fully one or two hours more to your sleep each night, and in 
this way gain enough in nervous power and control to enable 
you to live without stimulation of one kind and another. 

Rest comes from an upbuilding of the nerve centres and 
muscular structures, and a general reconstruction of the tissues, 
including the fluids of the body. This ultimate nutrition or 
exchange between the tissues of the body, the blood, and ex- 
cretory fluids takes place more rapidly and thoroughly before 
midnight, because then there is a more rapid and thorough cir- 
culation of the blood, carrying new material to and removing 
waste matters from the tissues. There is also a greater con- 
sumption of oxygen before midnight than after until the sleeper 
rises and stirs about next morning. Oxygen is the one thing 
needed in order that this ultimate nutrition, this interchange 
so vital to health, shall readily and healthfully take place. The 
heart runs down in force after midnight until sunrise next 
morning, the vital processes are slower, the circulation is more 
sluggish, and the blood and tissues contain more of waste and 
poisonous material than earlier in the night. This is indicated 
by the fact that nightmare, dreams, convulsions, croup, attacks 
of illness, and death occur more frequently after midnight than 
before. 

Another reason why early sleep is better than late is because 
the muscles and the brain or other nerve centres rest more 
quickly and thoroughly before reaching the point of strain or 
exhaustion than they will after. Therefore, to prolong excite- 
ment, study, or fatigue of any sort late into the night is to 
prejudice recuperation or recovery. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 86 i 

Sleeping-rooms need not necessarily be cold, for the air may 
be warm and yet fresh and pure. During cold weather the tem- 
perature of a sleeping-room should not be much lower than 
during the day. But there is greater necessity for pure air 
than during the day, because less oxygen is inhaled in the re- 
cumbent and somnolent state. As a people we live in too 
highly heated rooms. A temperature not above 64 degrees F. 
in our artificially-heated rooms would lead to better conditions 
of health. No one should sleep in a draught, of course, but 
every sleeping-room should have some arrangement for with- 
drawing foul air as well as for introducing fresh air, so that 
perfect circulation is secured. Remember that ultimate nutri- 
tion can take place but slowly unless plenty of oxygen is con- 
sumed. As the consumption of oxygen is less in sleep than at 
other times, the greater is the necessity for pure air in order 
that nature may have all the materials needed during her hours 
of recuperation. 

SMEGMA. — The micro-organism is found in the smegma 
and secretions of the mucous membrane of the external genital 
organs, which in shape and reaction is almost identical with 
the bacillus of leprosy, but easily distinguished from it. The 
smegma bacillus is completely decolored by immersing the 
dried and stained preparation in a 33 1-3 per cent solution of 
nitric acid, and subsequently in alcohol. In specimens thus 
treated the bacillus disappears, while the leprosy bacillus thus 
treated remains deeply stained. 

The bacillus of smegma is completely sterilized and annihi- 
lated by boroglycerid. 

The parts should be bathed every morning with Castile soap 
and hot water, well dried, then a saturated solution of boro- 
glycerid applied and permitted to dry in. 

SODIUM, SULPHOCARBOLATE.— Indicated in the 
prevention or ingress and destruction of the oidium albicans 
of diphtheria, the microbes of smallpox, the bacteria-vibrio of 
puerperal fever, the bacteria of erysipelas, and boils, and all 
forms of rectal ulcer caused by eroding. germs. It renders the 
blood aseptic, making that fluid a habitat into which no disease 
germ will enter while the patient is taking that drug. 

Dose : For children, 1 to 2 grains ; for adults, 3 to 4 grains ; 
added to water or dry on the tongue or rectum, every four 
hours. 



862 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

SPARTEIN SULPHATE.— Its administration causes an 
increase in the force and frequency of the heart's beat. 

An excellent remedy in atrophy, atony, or weakness of the 
heart. 

Sulphate of spartein is indicated in all cases of enlarged, 
flabby heart. It increases its vital stamina. It also has a 
marked diuretic action. 

Dose : One-half to i grain, thrice daily. 

SPERMATORRHEA.— Among numerous medical works 
issued from the press, many are replete with most ingenious 
speculations, and enriched with principles founded upon the 
closest, most extensive observation; it unaccountably happens 
that none are strictly and closely devoted to the nature, cause 
and treatment of spermatorrhea, one of the maladies which is 
sapping our very vitals as a nation. There has been much writ- 
ten on sexual debility, impotency and kindred -affections, but 
little on their cause, which is remarkable and unaccountable, 
more especially as experience convinces us that generative de- 
bility and imperfections, either hereditary or acquired, consti- 
tute nine-tenths of all cases of neurasthenia, mental imbecility 
and derangement. 

The great prevalence of disease of the genitourinary organs, 
the impending necessity of their better recognition and a more 
scientific treatment, has done much to cause physicians to more 
fully appreciate the cause, treatment and cure of such affec- 
tions. . 

The great improvement in the microscope, its general use 
and appreciation by nearly all physicians, has been the means 
of giving us more light and interest in a class of maladies 
scarcely recognized in our standard works on medicine. 

The discovery of the spermatozoa naturally led to inquiries 
regarding the spermatic fluid, to the absence or presence of the 
germ cell, to its vigor, size, to the tendency of its degeneration 
into spermatic crystals, to the abundance or poverty of the 
prostatic secretion in which the spermatozoa are suspended. 

Of late years it has been the custom of either careless or de- 
signing physicians to classify all forms of sexual disease under 
two general heads, namely, spermatorrhea and physical decay. 
This, in our present age, is quite insufficient for an explana- 
tion. 

Predisposing Causes.— Civilization creates certain evils- and 
ameliorates others not her own ; among the principal evils of a 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 863 

highly developed condition is a state of neurasthenia or poverty 
of nerve force, which operates disastrously upon the sexual 
appetite or sense in the base of the brain — a sort of perversion 
is created. 

This neurasthenic condition is aggravated by a highly oxy- 
genized atmosphere such as exists in North America. 

The nervous system of an American is highly developed, 
and is but a bundle of reflex irritation — an irritation of one 
part is liable to produce an irritation in some other, the 
nature and locality of which depends on the degree of irrita- 
tion, constitution of the individual. 

A population nervously exhausted have a small amount of 
nerve force in reserve, and this reserve is often easily and 
speedily exhausted. 

From the nature and degree of irritation of the stomach and 
prostate urethra incidental to a highly civilized condition — 
we have the reflex centre highly sensitive to impressions — a 
morbid state, both an effect and cause, of nervous exhaustion. 
For example : it is impossible for anyone having an irritable 
prostate to be in good health in other respects ; and it is impos- 
sible for one to suffer from nervous exhaustion and not have an 
irritable prostate urethra. 

Poverty of nerve force, sexual debility, predisposes to con- 
ditions or injurious habits, which destroy health and under- 
mine the constitutions of our fellow-men. To these habits spe- 
cially belong indulgence in alcoholic drinks, tea, coffee, tobacco, 
opium, chloral ; breathing impure air, overwork and other 
causes. 

The creation of these habits is the outcome of neurasthenia. 
The evil effects of intemperance are frightful to contemplate. 
They produce a slow, increasing debility, a widespread propa- 
gation of disease. Alcoholic drinks to a mentally exhausted 
American are a stimulant, an exciter of nervous energy to an 
unnatural degree, invariably followed by a corresponding 
amount of depression of mind and body. The habitual over- 
stimulation of the nervous system rapidly undermines nervous 
power, and ruins the elasticity of the nerves and contractility 
of the muscles. Besides, all stimulants are arresters of normal 
metamorphosis, slow T the action of important excretory glands, 
engender disease, impair the appetite, destroy digestion, create 
fatty liver, kidneys and heart ; give rise to palsy, apoplexy, gout, 
brain-softening, insanity. 

The insanitary condition and impure air of all our large 



864 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

cities are fearful sources of neurasthenia. The re-breathing of 
our own or others expired air is extremely deleterious, espe- 
cially when loaded with the microbes of our sewers — a subtle, 
microbic poison. When impure air, deficient in oxygen, is 
continuously breathed, we have a typical characteristic deteri- 
oration engendered. Add to this the various vices of civiliza- 
tion, tobacco, late hours, overwork, etc. 

These and many other elements of deterioration are at work, 
and tend to bring about the practice of self-abuse. 

This is the practice which is the most debilitating, most per- 
nicious, because it has a direct effect in draining off the nervo- 
vital fluid, and undermines the nerve forces of the whole body. 
The habit, I regret to say, is widely spread, whittles, withers, 
blasts all the elements of our being, and brings about either 
insanity or suicide. 

The exciting causes are very numerous, and may be em- 
braced in a few sentences, although very variable. Neuras- 
thenia lies at the origin of every case, even when it arises from 
palpitation of the heart, pain in the head with impaired vision, 
excessive nervous trepidation, spermatorrhea from fear. 

Drastic purgatives give rise to spermatic discharges. Ha- 
bitual constipation produces emission. Ascarides or seat or- 
pin worms and piles often cause spermatorrhea by the irritation 
they produce in the rectum, which extends to the bladder, vesi- 
cular seminales and prostate. Stricture is often a cause of 
seminal emissions as well as impotency. 

Gonorrhea is a cause of seminal pollutions, especially re- 
peated attacks when neglected or maltreated. After inflamma- 
tory action has subsided the seminal ducts are left relaxed. A 
very large percentage of cases are traceable to this cause. They 
usually complain of a sense of fullness, pain and heat at the 
neck of the bladder, with a quantity of spermatozoa constantly 
in the discharge. 

The microbe of syphilis is also productive of a flowing away 
of the semen, as its presence invariably damages the secretory 
glands of the testes. 

Irritation from phimosis, and the presence of the sebaceous 
secretion behind the glans penis, are most productive of it. 

Injuries to the back of the head and spine, irritation of the 
cerebellum, cause incapacity of the procreative function and a 
loss of semen. 

The use of tobacco, high-seasoned food, use of stimulants. 
warm climate, overheated rooms, sleeping on soft, downy- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 865 

beds, have a great influence, and prove fruitful sources of sem- 
inal discharges and general enervation. Drinking copiously 
before retiring, causing distention of the bladder, irritation of 
the seminal ducts. An excess of uric acid from malassimila- 
tion and breaking down of tissue is both a predisposing and 
exciting cause of seminal discharges. 

Immoral reading, sensually-exciting novels are very prone, 
if persisted in, to give rise to a slight imperceptible oozing from 
the urethra. 

It is simply mental masturbation, and it does not essentially 
differ from manipulation with the hand. Those discharges ac- 
quired from reading immoral works are most frequently dis- 
coverable after stool. Those works degrade the moral nature 
of man, ruin the constitution, embittering the best days of ex- 
istence, leading to insanity or suicide. 

Excessive sexual indulgence, and also promiscuous congress, 
are not only debilitating but cause spermatorrhea. Intercourse 
with prostitutes has a most disastrous effect, causing both sper- 
matorrhea and sterility. 

Bicycling and horseback exercise are both productive of sper- 
matorrhea and enlarged prostate, with irreparable impotency. 
Old men, as a rule, are sterile from disease, as hypertrophied 
prostate, and are often troubled with leakages which are the 
cause of vertigo and apoplexy. 

Wearing condums during the sexual act is most pernicious, 
and invariably gives rise to spermatorrhea and sexual inca- 
pacity. The practice carried out by many married men of 
withdrawal in the act of ejaculation is equal in its ill effects to 
masturbation, spermatorrhea and impotency and mental imbe- 
cility are its reward. 

It is also most injurious to have coitus with a woman, how- 
ever virtuous, that wears a sponge or a uterine tent or vail for 
the purpose of preventing conception; such a practice causes 
spermatorrhea in the male, leukorrhea in the female. 

It is productive of spermatorrhea and seminal leakages to 
have sexual congress with a woman who is as callous as a 
stone ; or who has leukorrhea or catarrh of the uterus ; or who 
has a large, non-contractile vagina, or who is sexually incom- 
patible. 

Of course, ulceration of the os uteri, or the presence of warts 
on the neck, or any epithelioma, are all contagious and infec- 
tious, and with such sexual congress should be interdicted. 

The chemicals in use by certain trades, as photographers, 



866 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

give rise to spermatorrhea. Severe study, especially if the 
patient be of a nervous temperament and delicate constitution, 
will, from the confinement, mental exertion and sedentary life, 
often occasion spermatorrhea. 

Certain localities give rise to it, especially when there is de- 
ficient ozone areas. 

Certain sections, in which the atmosphere is excessively 
oxygenized, are productive not only of spermatorrhea, but im- 
potence. 

The uric acid diathesis is not only a predisposing, but an 
active exciting cause of spermatorrhea. 

Worms in the intestines are a prolific source of irritation of 
the seminal ducts. 

Symptoms. — We shall now very briefly enumerate the more 
prominent symptoms of sexual neurasthenia or spermatorrhea, 
requesting our readers to bear in mind that no two cases are 
precisely alike ; that there are several distinct as well as several 
mixed or complicated forms of both spermatorrhea and impo- 
tency, varying according to the cause and location of the dis- 
ease. 

The most common symptoms in its mildest or simplest form 
are : Deranged digestion, with a sluggish condition of the 
bowels and liver ; the appetite is poor ; loss of flesh and mem- 
ory; flushes of heat and blushing; irritability; fretful by 
paroxysms; general apathy; often unrefreshing sleep, with 
strange dreams, from which he arises unrefreshed ; with crack- 
ling joints, the result of deficient synovial secretion; leakages 
or losses or emissions, either diurnal or nocturnal, or both, or 
while straining at stool. Premature discharge on the slightest 
excitement; genital and urinary irritation; diabetes; deposits 
of urea, phosphates and oxalates in the urine ; either weakness 
or irritation of the kidneys, with albumin in the urine; 
troubled breathing, with irregular action of the heart. Erup- 
tions of acne and ecthyma on the face and neck. Very fre- 
quently frontal headache, but still more agonizing the occipital 
headache so common. Impairment of vision; general debility 
and indolence; aversion to society; general relaxation of the 
organs with atrophy; frequent, nay, often urgent calls to uri- 
nate. If there be insomnia, generally associated with melan- 
cholia and a feeling as if the bowels would fall out. Ambition- 
less, great indecision of character, loss of will power, timidity, 
strange desires, often neuralgic pains in all parts of the body. 

As the disease advances all the symptoms become aggra- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 867 

vated, the weeping, the seminal weakness, and general debility 
is greater, and unless reliable treatment is resorted to at once, 
the victim passes into a more chronic stage. The action of the 
heart becomes slow and sluggish, sometimes almost imper- 
ceptible, at other times intermitting; the patient is easily 
startled ; more undecided and timid ; at times greater de- 
spondency and loss of energy; hypochondriasis is more con- 
firmed, a feeling or belief that recovery is impossible, and a 
fear or rather a terror of sudden death. Very wakeful, start- 
ling sensations in sleep, frightful dreams, nervous twitchings 
or tremblings, roaring in the ears, specks and spots before the 
eyes, with a general aggravation of all the symptoms already 
enumerated. Digestion becomes weaker, the power of assimi- 
lation even more impaired ; dyspeptic symptoms are complained 
of ; the complexion is sallow, patient very anxious and morose ; 
his mental and physical powers completely bankrupted. Mus- 
cles weak and flabby, and there is a marked loss of flesh and 
strength, and the victim is in the most miserable, nay, deplor- 
able condition in which it is possible for a man to exist. 

The principal local symptom is the loss or discharge of 
semen, whether attended or not by venereal dreams. This dis- 
charge may be diurnal, or nocturnal, or both, and in quantity 
from a mere moisture to a profuse emission, but most gener- 
ally while urinating or at stool. The appearance of sperma- 
tozoa in the moisture, leakage, or discharge is an unmistakable 
landmark of a dangerous malady. 

Erections, followed by a moisture, and a sense of exhaus- 
tion or weariness are very certain symptoms. Accompanying 
these there is an almost invisible trickling from, or rather a 
glueing of, the urethra ; just a mere humidity at the orifice of 
the urethra ; a sort of oozing, which in its slow but sure effect 
is not less debilitating than a perceptible emission. Among 
the same class of patients there is likely to take place on the 
occurrence of a voluptuous thought, or reading a sensual book, 
or when in the society of females, or even by the accidental 
friction of the clothes, a mucous discharge, thin, watery, per- 
haps small in quantity, so that there is a mere moisture, or as 
if a single drop of urine had escaped. In this moisture or drop 
we can detect by the microscope spermatozoa, perhaps healthy, 
but more likely deteriorated, or misshapen by disease, but the 
gradual loss of which strikes at undermining the vitality of the 
entire man. 

In all cases of spermatorrhea the deep, prostatic portion of 



868 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the urethra is irritated, inflamed. This is the most important 
centre of reflexes in the body. A morbid state of this part of 
the body is both a cause and effect of numerous functional dis- 
orders, reflex states of the stomach, bowels, liver, heart, lungs. 
Indeed, difficulty of breathing, cough and tightness of the chest 
are the reflexes of seminal disorder, and have actually been 
mistaken for cardiac and pulmonary disease. No doubt many 
patients have been maltreated for a class of diseases when the 
real malady was spermatorrhea. 

Latent, hidden, unsuspected spermatorrhea is a much more 
terrible affection than what we have been describing. It is an 
unnatural emission of the seminal fluid, an excessive spermatic 
evacuation, occurring either by night or day. Visible mois- 
ture, a weeping from the penis, a profuse discharge at night, 
with or without dreams, but an insidious discharge, not visible 
to the eye, is generally more destructive in its effects than any 
other. This emission takes place both day and night, and re- 
gurgitates backward into the bladder, or passes into the urine 
at stool, seldom suspected by the patient, and often escapes the 
vigilance of an experienced physician. 

Daily leakages are always more dangerous than those that 
occur at night, and indicate an obstinate form of the disease. 
A patient with nightly losses, having them to perceptibly cease, 
may imagine them to cease when really the patient is worse by 
having them changed in their course; the secret form hurries 
the patient to his grave. Such cases are extremely apt to be 
mismanaged, because misunderstood. 

Thousands of our young, middle-aged and old men have 
latent spermatorrhea, which gives rise to a variety of derange- 
ments, with distressing and fatal symptoms, mental and bodily. 

The diagnosis or recognition of a loss of semen is based upon 
the general deportment of the affected individual. He is queer 
or eccentric, he has suffered or undergone a remarkable change 
in his disposition. He is extremely irritable and "fretful, un- 
settled and discontented, melancholy by spells, has lost all en- 
ergy, has no ambition, has cracking in his joints, nocturnal and 
diurnal pollutions, with an escape of seminal fluid at stool or 
in urinating, or both; and the spermatozoa, either natural or 
dwarf, or misshapen, or degenerated, are to be found in one 
or all of the oozings when such is placed under the field of the 
microscope. 

Or again. The diagnosis can be strengthened by the fact 
that these patients are unfit for any occupation, incapacitated 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 

for deep thought, incessantly worrying and fretting about 
themselves. The unnatural seminal discharges are often ac- 
companied with an increased, nay, an excessive appetite, owing 
to the necessity which the system feels for compensating the 
various losses it sustains. It is often voracious. Masturba- 
tion often produces similar effects. 

It is not hunger, but a gnawing uneasiness or sinking. There 
is also a craving for stimulants, which aggravate the misery and 
suffering. 

The irritable prostate urethra gives rise to a constant desire 
to make water, with irritation and pain, associated with habit- 
ual constipation. The heart, liver, bowels, kidneys are often 
reflexly affected. 

Again, if the practice of masturbation be still persisted in, 
there will be dark circles round the eyes ; the hair will be scanty, 
stunted in its growth, both on the beard, eyebrows and head, 
baldness common. Hair growth strengthens when these losses 
are arrested. 

Stammering and choreic twitching not infrequent ; a change 
or alteration in the voice is a most excellent diagnostic land- 
mark. It may originate first in masturbation. Under this de- 
vitalizing practice it loses tone, its masculine force and power. 
When the habit is stopped, confirmed spermatorrhea has set in, 
it is replaced by a shrill, squeaking, effeminate tone. 

Again, spermatorrhea may often be recognized by ocular de- 
fects. Myopia is the most common. In some cases complete 
amaurosis or blindness. In all cases the eyes are dull, heavy, 
watery, pupils dilated, indicating brain anemia; muscse voli- 
tantes, specks and spots before the eyes. They are invariably 
incapable of looking any one straight in the face. 

Deafness, with or without noises in the ears, is also an ex- 
cellent landmark. Hearing restored when losses are stopped. 

Again, incontinence of urine in the early period of life, fol- 
lowed after puberty with nightly discharges, urine copious, low 
syecific gravity; as they mature in life evince a dislike to the 
opposite sex. 

Epileptic fits are in nine cases out of ten due to masturba- 
tion, followed by spermatorrhea. 

Excessive seminal losses cause paralysis of the lower ex- 
tremities. 

Again, our strongest points of recognition of spermatorrhea 
are the moisture, the oozing, the weeping from the urethra. 

The presence of the spermatozoa, the chaotic condition of 
the genitourinary system. 



870 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

This constant drain upon the brain, this state of chaos, the 
constant association of sexual disorder, with more or less gen- 
erative incapacity, demoralizes the brain, mental derangement. 
It is notorious that every insane individual, male or female, 
has been or is suffering from either mental or physical mas- 
turbation, has some procreative difficulty, defect or disorder, 
either a leakage, impotency, sterility, or all, the removal of 
which often cures the insanity. In the examination of 99 males 
out of 100 the prostatic portion of the urethra is painful, sensi- 
tive ; passing a bougie, any quantity of seminal fluid will flow. 

In the recognition of spermatorrhea, suspecting the nature 
of the disorder, we might examine the testicle, which we find 
withered, pendulous, with induration of the epididymis, the 
veins of the spermatic cord varicose, with a careworn, haggard 
appearance. 

The history of the case as given by the large percentage of 
patients is unreliable, calculated to mislead; even a micro- 
scopical examination for seminal products in the urine, al- 
though present in large quantities, may be distorted, owing to 
the chaotic condition of the testes. 

If indigestion be the leading feature in any individual case, 
with pains in the loins, with irritation and retraction of the 
testicles, oxalate of lime will likely be abundant and persistent. 

Seminal discharges are frequently mistaken for gleet, an 
error which can be easily detected by a microscopical examina- 
tion of the discharge. This is definite, and sets all doubts at 
rest. Even the presence of the gonococcus is readily distin- 
guished or any discharges from a catarrhal prostate or urethra. 

The presence of the spermatozoa in the discharge, no mat- 
ter how dwarfed, withered or deformed, settles the point at 
once. 

This should be done in every case of urethral discharge, so 
as to leave no doubts as to the true nature of the disease under 
consideration. 

Oftentimes the presence of oxalates, urates and phosphates 
in the urine. Their very presence and quantity affords a baro- 
metric condition of the amount of sexual exhaustion in the 
male. 

The seminal fluid is not an excrementitious secretion like the 
urine. It was never intended by our Creator that this, the most 
highly vitalized fluid, a purely nervo-vital fluid, should be dis- 
charged from the system either recklessly or indiscriminately; 
in health, that is when neither lost by excessive sexual congress 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 871 

nor by masturbation nor by leakages or losses of any kind, a 
portion of this vital secretion is re-absorbed and taken back 
into the blood, and it is this which in some measure imparts to 
the system that vivacity, tenacity, muscular energy, manliness, 
vigor, noble carriage which brave men and intelligent men pos- 
sess ; nay, its retention even modulates the voice, imparting to 
it great power. 

A very constant effect of a loss of semen is a general decline 
of vital power — especially the intellectual faculties. The mind 
weakened, its normal tone lowers, gives rise to uneasiness, 
change; considerable difficulty in fixing the mind for any 
length of time upon any particular subject, so that constant ap- 
plication becomes irksome, wearisome, which is followed by an 
imperceptible decline and irresolution of purpose. 

The influence of seminal losses upon the brain and spinal 
cord is a most disastrous drain, not only intellectually but 
physically, reducing the suffering to a mere cipher. 

The effects, as seen in the young and middle-aged men, are a 
shrinking or a wasting of the organs of generation, stringiness 
and flabbiness of the testicles, and, soonor or later, increased 
nervous weakness, brain exhaustion, spinal irritation, and later 
on paralysis, nerve-storms, epilepsy and chorea, insanity and 
brain softening, with a total loss of sexual power. A thick 
cloud is seen in the urine and a moisture in the urethra, which 
passes by the name of gleet, but in reality is spermatozoa. 

Infertility is the consequence of spermatorrhea; but if there 
be children they will be delicate and of feeble vital powers, sub- 
jects for all forms of disease. 

A careful analysis of the many thousand cases of spermator- 
rhea which I have treated the last forty years has satisfied me 
that I owe much of my success in the treatment of this malady 
to my investigations into the chemical and microscopical con- 
dition of the urine. The detection by the microscope of sper- 
matozoa in the urine, either healthy, dwarfed or broken down, 
enables us to form an idea of the nature and severity of the 
case, as well as the causes which have produced it. 

In the treatment an effort must be made to remove all pre- 
disposing and exciting causes. The case must be scanned over 
carefully to ascertain whether either ascarides or thread-worms, 
or tape-worms, or the gonococcus, or the microbe of syphilis 
may not be the exciting causes of the repeated losses. A careful 
history of the numerous cases which have come under my ob- 
servation has convinced me that the action of those causes is 



872 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

often at work, especially among our feeble young men, in in- 
ducing diurnal or nocturnal losses. 

Worms in the rectum often bring on seminal discharges, and 
in some cases reflexly, epileptic seizures. 

If there be thread or any other kind of worms the rectum 
should be injected every night with an infusion of golden seal, 
to which some resorcin or creolin is added, and Virginia stone 
crop and salol administered internally. 

Numerous cases have come under my care in which tobacco 
acted as an exciting cause; when its use was discontinued the 
losses ceased. When the difficulty is directly traceable to the 
old habit of masturbation, then the action of the tobacco is 
doubly disastrous; the nicotin paralyzes the sexual sense at 
the base of the brain, and aids in the general state of relaxation 
and impotency. This is true of tobacco in either small or large 
quantities ; it is a paralysis of the procreative functions. 

An habitually loaded rectum or constipation is apt to excite 
•seminal pollutions; this condition of the bowels, this inertia, 
must be effectually overcome by tonic remedies. Patients suf- 
fering from seminal debility, with any loss of the nervo-vital, 
should never use purgatives of any kind. 

Piles are also very productive of seminal discharges, and in 
all cases associated with congested livers and bile in the urine. 
Ulcers, papilloma and excrescences in the coats of the bowel 
are all productive of discharge. Regularity of diet and exer- 
cise, with gentle means to regulate the bowels, together with 
daily and nightly hip baths are of great utility. 

A highly oxygenized climate, highly seasoned food, the per- 
sistent use of stimulants, sleeping upon soft beds, and reading 
sexually exciting literature, should all be discarded, as they 
either jointly or as a whole give rise to acidity of the urine, 
which irritates the mucous membrane, and is usually attended 
with pains or irritation in the loins. 

The pollutions occurring at an early age are much more last- 
ing and dangerous, especially when they occur in growing boys. 
Nocturnal emissions at this period are most destructive to the 
health, much more serious than when they occur at an advanced 
age, and if allowed to proceed unchecked, the patient both in 
mind and body will be irretrievably ruined. 

The treatment of all cases of spermatorrhea may be briefly 
stated. The patient should pay the greatest possible attention 
to the general health ; the daily bathing of the entire body, with 
a sitz bath before retiring to bed. He should wear flannel next 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 873 

to his skin summer and winter ; he should eat a light but most 
nutritious food, but one free from spices; his reading should 
be history, not the sexually exciting reading of the times. 

The medical treatment calculated to check emissions or leak- 
ages, that is to arrest them forever, in other words, to stamp 
them out, is as follows : 

The green root tincture of gelsemium, alone or combined 
with the ozonized extract of passiflora incarnata, must be ad- 
ministered every night in sufficient doses to subdue all erections 
for the night — to keep the penis as limber as an old dish-rag. 

Then during the day the ozonized extract of black willow 
should be administered in sufficient doses to produce anesthesia 
of all the reproductive glands, but no cerebral disturbance. 
The patient must be kept under its influence for some weeks 
and even months. 

Just before retiring a suppository, made from the glucoside 
of the black willow, should be inserted into the rectum, and 
once or twice a week soluble bougies of the black willow glu- 
coside should be inserted into the urethra and retained there 
till it dissolves. 

Possibly a few weeks of this treatment may suffice ; in other 
cases it may take some months before every vestige of leakage 
or moisture ceases ; but if these drugs are used and pushed with 
energy, success is certain, never failing, and all the time the 
genitalia resting, gaining strength, vigor. 

When all emissions, leakages, moisture, weeping have 
ceased, dried up, the gelsemium should be gradually dropped, 
and there should be inaugurated a constructive, tonic treat- 
ment, a building up course, such as comp. tincture matricaria 
before and c. p. solution of spermin after meals, with occasional 
doses of thyroid extract, protonuclein. 

This is the best method; and if there be a failure in this 
course of treatment, it results either from a want of tact or 
judgment on the part of the physician, or in some indiscretion 
on the part of the patient, or a failure to procure the remedies 
from the proper source. The treatment is never-failing, even 
in the most hopeless cases. 

I cannot too strongly urge upon all physicians the indispen- 
sable necessity of a more thorough, rigid examination, not 
only of the urine, but the testicle and the cord, especially for 
varicocele, wasting, etc. 

The seminal discharges which occur while passing water are 
usually obstinate and more difficult to cure, unless the ozonized 
bougies of salix nigra are inserted about twice a week. 



874 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Neurosis of the Testes. — The neurosis of the testes is 
the most common of all forms in the reproductive centre. 

It originates either from masturbation, sexual excesses, or 
congress with harlots, gonorrhea, bicycle. It may occur alone, 
still we not infrequently find that it reflexly gives rise to brain 
derangement. It varies greatly in some cases, changes in the 
testes; in others, a disturbance of cerebral nutrition. 

This latter consists in chronic brain affections produced 
chiefly by abnormal reflex excitability and anemia. 

xA.n examination of the brains of the victims of testicular 
neurosis clearly demonstrates serious organic defects, such as 
is found in undeveloped brains, a stigma of defective evolution, 
abnormal tissue, obliteration of fissures, irregularities, even 
to chaos, such as we find in the brains of criminals, and other 
points of degeneracy, such as is found in suicides and the 
insane. 

Patients who suffer from neurosis of the testes complain of 
the most varied sensations in the abdomen, nates, thighs ; now 
a burning, tingling tenderness of the scrotum; again a feel- 
ing of weakness ; in all, general reflex irritability. 

The urine shows great brain waste, phosphates and chlorides 
in abundance. In some cases, phosphate of lime crystals 
alone. 

In those cases a correct diagnosis is imperative. 

Removal of causes, whatever they may be : sexual rest, the 
exhibition of the comp. tincture of matricaria before meals; 
one dose of thyroid extract daily c. p. solution of spermin 
two hours after each meal, are effective in producing a radical 
cure. 

The following notes are from eminent specialists : 

There are a certain class of men, who, at a given age, begin 
to decline in health from some mysterious cause, become weak, 
nervous, debilitated, and fade away into a premature grave, 
without a suspicion as to the cause, which, in 90 cases out 
of 100, is a loss of semen. 

This oozing away is often not suspected either by the indi- 
vidual or medical attendant until it has made a serious inroad 
upon the nervous system and impaired sexual vigor and secre- 
tion of semen. 

The pathological changes induced in the male semen by mas- 
turbation, by excesses, by perversion of the sexual act, by con- 
gress with harlots, are manifold. The semen either may be 
dwarfed or deformed spermatozoa, or a complete absence of it, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 875 

or there may be an excess of it, but thin, watery, devoid of 
vital elements ; or it may be scanty, or even normal, but infer- 
tile owing to degenerative changes ; or it may be secreted and 
changed into spermatic crystals. 

Impotence, a difficulty or impossibility to perform theact of 
copulation, a state which either implies poverty of nerve force, 
or impairment of the sexual appetite, or disease, or malforma- 
tion of genital organs, or derangement of the brain and spinal 
cord, by reason of which there is either an absence of sexual 
desire, or power of erection, or of ejaculating the semen into 
the vagina, or any pleasurable sensation in the act of copula- 
tion or emission of semen. Impotence relates to the act of inter- 
course, and differs essentially from sterility or an inability to 
beget an offspring. 

Without venereal desire or an absence of the sexual appetite, 
the act of coition would be rarely performed. The essential 
parts of sexual congress are the emission of semen, the experi- 
encing of physical pleasure before, during, and for some time 
after its ejaculation. This sensation originates in the seat of 
sexual appetite in the base of the brain, reflexly in the glans 
penis, extends to the adjacent parts and is experienced in the 
spine, head and entire body. 

Absence of the sexual appetite is acquired by struggle, 
worry, strain, nerve-tire, brainwork; sexual indifference is 
well marked in users of tobacco, alcohol and opium habits ; in 
such states the rendezvous of soul is withered, blighted, whit- 
tled down ; the sexual appetite is extinguished by masturbation 
or perverted methods of congress. Venereal disease, balani- 
tis, chancres of the glans penis, destroy its finer sensibility, 
depreciate vigor, virile power; masturbation weakens the 
power of erection ; so do early excesses ; so do gonorrhea, stric- 
ture, irritable and enlarged prostate; so does tightness or 
absence of the prepuce. The glans penis possesses the highest 
degree of sensibility — this faculty is paramount to all others. 

Masturbation is the cause of spermatorrhea, the loss, the 
oozing away of the nervo-vital fluid, whether it be diurnal or 
nocturnal; disease of prostate; damaged, irritable, inflamed, 
enlarged, weakened cord and brain ; then failure of procreative 
power. All this may be oblivious to the patient ; semen passing 
in the urine unobserved, or at stool, or the prostatic secretion 
with spermatozoa may flow back into the bladder and be dis- 
charged during micturition and giving rise to impotence. 

In our modern state of civilization our condition of mental 



876 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

preoccupation operates adversely and is most efficacious in 
producing impotency. There are numerous factors at work 
that impair or abolish sexual power, as plethora or obesity, 
emaciation ; the latent germs of cancer, syphilis, tubercle, which 
engender local atrophy, or wasting of glands or organs ; or the 
want of nerve influence to the testes, injuries or blows on the 
back of the head, prostatic atrophy or enlargement. The daily 
use of alcohol, tobacco or any of the acronarcotics, impairs and 
destroys the sexual appetite. 

A weakening, a failure, an abolition of the sexual appetite at 
any age, prematurely or otherwise, wipes out the rugged traces 
of the masculine, and the victim of the malady becomes femi- 
nine in mind, appearance, habits, dress, tastes. 

The structure of the brain and testes are chemically identi- 
cal ; there is a most extraordinary sympathy between them, and 
the intellectual faculties suffer derangement if there be a neu- 
rosis of those glands. 

Our materia medica is becoming more prolific in remedies 
for blotting out testicular neuroses and lost manhood. Thy- 
roid extract and spermin will do much, and for a change, prob- 
ably, nay, certainly, a prolonged use of avena sativa and keph- 
alin will do much to restore lost vigor; they will increase the 
cineritious brain element, aid in producing an excess of 
neurine of nervo-vital fluid, reconstruct the wreckage, harmon- 
ize the chaotic nerve currents. Under these the voice will 
acquire its masculine tone of volume and vig"or ; the step 
firmer ; the effeminacy of manner, with the long flowing locks, 
disappear. Increase the area of drugs with muira Puama, 
damiana to the above list, with the saw-palmetto suppository 
and what? It will demonstrate to the most incredulous the 
marvelous efficacy of these remedies in sexual neurasthenia. 

SPERMIN (C 2 H 5 ' N).— A chemically pure solution of 
sterilized, vitalized extractt or alkaloid, a basic substance 
obtained from the fresh testicle juice of the bull, bone-marrow 
and glandular fabric of the reproductive organs, prepared 
under the most careful antiseptic precautions. 

These spermatic crystals are a chemically pure alkaloidal 
substance, put up in the form of an elegant solution, so as to 
be acceptable to the most delicate and fastidious stomach. 

It is unnecessary to state that the testes give both the internal 
as well as the external secretion — that the internal makes the 
man; that life, growth, vigor, are dependent upon it. Every 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 877 

gland in the body in health contains spermin; it circulates in 
the blood and is an active factor in the production of vital 
force. 

It is the only known physiological tonic — the only remedy 
that vitalizes, stimulates and rejuvenates every tissue and 
organ in the body — the only remedy which gives force to 
ambition, energy to character. 

It is reconstructive to the entire body; if it is deficient or 
absent, the whole body withers and dies. 

As a medicinal agent, it is indicated, and can be prescribed 
with singular efficacy in all states or conditions in which the 
vital force is lowered. It is indispensable, nay, necessary to the 
maintenance of health. 

When it is secreted in abundance in the body, or the spermin 
crystals in solution administered and freely distributed, as it 
is when taken with the food, there can exist no morbid condi- 
tion, as it renders the vital force so strong that no disease germ 
can suffer evolution or enter and grow; and if they have 
entered, the use of spermin renders them inoperative, or com- 
pletely neutralizes or antagonizes them. 

As a constructive agent in all exhausted states of the ner- 
vous system there are no remedies that can be compared with 
it — a true builder, completely relieving all impoverished condi- 
tions. 

The draining of semen, giving rise to a deficiency or absence 
of it in the body, is the precursor of decay, of degeneration, 
and is attested by ovarian and testicular failure to secrete, or 
a suspension of their secreting faculty. 

The collapse or removal of either the testes or ovaries is 
invariably followed by cachectic condition, a predisposition 
to cancerous disease. This remedy should be administered in 
all morbid conditions, as it renders the toxins and auto-intoxi- 
cation innocuous. 

Take it all in all, it is the most vitalizing tonic and nerve 
stimulant — the best of all brain fertilizers, the most active 
reconstructive. A never-failing remedy in cases of hopeless 
impotency, lethargy and deficient erective power. 

The indications for the use of the remedy are : 

When the administration of the most powerful vitalizing 
tonic and nerve stimulant is required — when a brain fertilizer 
and reconstructive are demanded, this remedy is of decided 
efficacy. 

Properties and Uses. — Its use has a decided influence on the 



878 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

health, activity and longevity of the blood-corpuscles — 
heightens all the vital functions, physical as well as mental — 
promotes a higher type of manhood — blends with and is inti- 
mately connected with the origin, existence and prolongation 
of life — invaluable and never-faiing in hopeless impotency, 
lethargy and deficient erectile power. 

Dose: For all ordinary cases, one , teaspoonf ul every four 
hours is sufficient; for extraordinary cases two teaspoonfuls 
as often. 

SPICES. — Aromatics, cloves, allspice, peppers, mustard 
generally speaking energize digestion, increase the formation 
of blood, of plastic constituents; aid in the deveopment of 
warmth; increase the energy of the entire vascular system. 
The use of spices favors nutrition and new formation of blood ; 
limits retrogressive disintegration and organic decay; favors 
the formation of adipose tissue. Just as digestion is increased, 
vigorous formation of blood promoted, the mainspring of life, 
the nervous system, is exalted. As a rule they are all antago- 
nistic to microbic life, and combat failure of vital functions. 
Cloves arrest putrefaction and kill the malarial germ; cassia 
or cinnamon, in suppository form, kills the microbe of typhoid 
fever; thyme is effective in microbic cutaneous diseases; 
added either to a lotion or ointment, the oil of cassia is singu- 
larly efficacious in the cure of cancer. 

SPINA BIFIDA. — Cleft- spine. A congenital deficiency of 
the posterior laminae and spinous process of one or more ver- 
tebrae, owing to which there is undue distention of the mem- 
branes of cord, with cerebrospinal fluid. It may occur in any 
■of the vertebrae, but most common in the lumbar. 

The cause is rickets in the fetus. 

Symptoms. — A tumor, varying in size from a walnut to a 
child's head. There is fluctuation, swelling, most tense when 
the child is in erect posture. The tumor may be transparent, 
or the skin may be unaffected, or it may be congested, purple, 
or blue. If only one or more lumbar vertebrae are affected, 
spinal cord does not deviate from its course, and only the pos- 
terior spinal nerves have any connection with the sac. If the 
tumor occupy part of lumbar and part of sacral region, the cord 
itself and its nerves will almost always be found in close contact 
with the sac. Not necessarily fatal, but likely to be if there is 
hydrocephalus, or paralysis of the bladder or rectum and lower 
extremities, or if the tumor bursts. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 879 

Treatment. — General treatment for rickets; avoid starch, 
and give phosphates, and improve the health in every possible 
manner. Prevent further protrusion by. a compress of leather, 
gutta-percha, or painting it with collodion and tannic acid. 
Aspiration of the contents of the sac, and then compression, 
operates well. Injecting tincture of iodine, or applying a clamp 
till it sloughs off, bad, reprehensible treatment. 

The collection of cerebrospinal fluid is first due to the want 
of the normal support of the vertebrae; its increase due to the 
irritation and unraveling of the serous fibres, causing exuda- 
tion. The collection is termed hydrorachitis. 

SPINAL CURVATURE.— The spinal column in its 
natural state is curved, which is a wise provision of nature, 
for were it straight the impetus of any shock received would 
he transmitted direct to the body and injuries to the brain more 
frequent. 

In jumping from a height on one's feet, the force of the 
shock passes from the legs to the spinal column, in passing 
through which its intensity is diminished by the curvature 
and the interosseous spaces — curved forward between the 
shoulders ; curved backward in the small of the back. The two 
curves are compensatory to each other; to this compensation 
the erect posture of the body is maintained. The synovial 
secretion in the interosseous spaces, during a good, refreshing 
sleep of eight hours, adds to the stature two inches or more, 
which is all used up in the eight hours of work. 

There are different forms of spinal curvature, lateral and 
angular being the most common ; excurvation, when the natural 
stoop in the shoulders is exaggerated, as in continuous writing, 
cycling; incurvation, when the lower portion of the spine is 
accentuated, as in hip disease. 

The predisposing causes are quite numerous: inherent 
debility ; a deficiency of earthy salts in the bones of the body 
produced by the use of bakers' bread, impregnated with alum, 
ammonia and other chemicals — bones are soft; rapidity of 
growth, under insanitary conditions, indoor life, absence of 
sunlight; improper food; sedentary occupations; delicate city 
girls, wanting in all the elements of vitality; tuberculosis; 
rickets. 

The exciting causes are habits, occupations, abnormal posi- 
tions. 

Most common in girls from fifteen to twenty-five. 



880 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The cure of the disease consists, first, in removing every 
cause, and, second, in the physical education of the muscles of 
the sides and back, so that they will restore the natural form. 
In some extreme cases massage or electricity will be required ; 
but what is most needed is that the girl get herself interested 
in her own cure, so as to put her will into it, to try hard to avoid 
the causes and herself apply the remedy. Fathers and mothers 
should educate themselves as to their daughters' physical needs 
and dangers, so they can help them to grow up as straight as 
an arrow and as healthy as they can be. 

Remedies to increase nutrition: Avena sativa, kephalin, 
spermin, thyroid extract, etc. 

SPINAL DIAGNOSIS.— The spinal cord is a series of 
ganglia, enveloped longitudinally by nervous filaments and 
contained in a long cavity, called the "spinal canal." From this 
nerve are distributed fibres and filaments to the muscles and 
integument of at least nine-tenths of the body. Careful experi- 
ments have proved that sensation and motion occupy special 
parts; but in many of the nerves they are so intimately con- 
nected that an injury or bruise destroys both powers simul- 
taneously. In the spinal cord the phenomena are different. If 
the anterior roots be subjected to experiment, there will result 
convulsive movements, but no evidence of sensation; if the 
irritant be applied to the posterior root, the subject will experi- 
ence acute pain but no motion. 

With regard to the mode of action of the spinal cord, we 
may enumerate three demonstrable facts : ( I ) An irritation 
applied to a spinal nerve, at the middle of its course, produces 
the same effect as if the sensation, thus caused, traversed its 
entire length. (2) An irritation of the motory filaments dis- 
appears from within, outward ; that of the sensitive filament, 
from without, inward. (3) Each nervous filament acts inde- 
pendently of the rest throughout its entire length, and does 
not communicate its irritation to those which are in proximity 
with it. We have associated sensations, as when the sight of 
a luscious peach, or any favorite fruit, excites the sensation 
of taste; and also associated movements, the most perfect illus- 
tration of which is in the consensual movements of the eyes, 
termed binocular vision. The anterior and posterior roots of 
the spinal nerves differ in their mode of transmitting the ner- 
vous current, and able experimenters have proved that in the 
anterior roots the impulse is conveyed from within, outward,. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 88 i 

and in the posterior, from without, inward. The same mode 
of afferent and efferent action is found to exist in the cord 
itself. 

The external membrane of the spinal cord has a fibrous, 
opaque structure, and is termed the dura mater. It consists 
of two laminae of cellular tissue, and forms a sheath for the 
spinal nerves. Before removal by dissection, it is much larger 
than the cord. The tunica arachnoidae is a transparent tissue 
which envelops the brain, and is reflected over the dura mater, 
thus forming a sac. The pia mater is a soft membrane of slight 
vascularity, and lies in intimate contact with the cord itself. 
The ligamentum denticulatum derives its name from its use 
and structure. It supports the three membranes, and is 
attached to the pia mater by twenty or more processes. Two 
longitudinal fissures divide the cord into lateral halves, while 
two furrows subdivide these halves, and traverse the entire 
length. Dissection shows it to be composed of vesicular neu- 
rin, with an external covering of fibrous tissue. The spinal 
cord has been termed an "inverted brain." It is problemati- 
cally true that, if all the gray matter of the nerves could be 
collected, it might equal, if not exceed in quantity, that con- 
tained in the brain. Thirty-one spinal nerves are distributed 
to the bodily organs. Eight of these are termed cervical, 
twelve dorsal, five lumbar, and six sacral, according to the 
portion of the cord from which they proceed. 

The filaments, or branches of the spinal nerve, penetrate 
every particle of the cutis vera. The contact of the point of 
a pin with any portion of the bodily surface gives rise to a 
distinct sensation, which, reflected as a motor impulse, stimu- 
lates the muscle to action. Injury or destruction of the spinal 
nerves produces either paralysis of sensation, paralysis of 
motion, or both. If a spinal nerve be severed at any part of its 
course, it will ultimately unite if placed in contact, and sensa- 
tion will be restored. The posterior roots, at their junction 
with the cord, are distinguished from the anterior by the 
presence of a gray ganglion or swelling of vesicular neurin. 

Debrees of tenderness over origin of spinal nerves is the 
key to the diagnosis of spinal maladies. 

SPIRILLUM PLICATILE.— Within a distance of fi V p 
miles from the emptying of a sewer into a lake or river, this 
microbe is found, and found in greater abundance the nearer 
to the mouth of the sewer. Besides being common in rivers 



882 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

into which sewage enters, they are abundant in marsh water, 
and can be obtained by allowing algae to decomuose in water. 

As found it consists of thin threads with numerous narrow 
windngs. The threads have primary and secondary windings, 
very irregular ; when their ends are cut off bluntly, they exhibit 
rapid movement. 

The presence of the spirillum plicatile in our bays, rivers, 
lakes gives rise to the bacillus phosphorescens in our fish, 
oysters, crabs, rendering them unfit for human food. 

Progressive artificial cultivations will after half a dozen cul- 
tures produce the microbe of typhoid fever. Lime, sulphur, 
and other bactericides completely annihilate it. 

SQUINTING. — Squinting, or strabismus, is a want of 
harmony in the muscles of the eye. The common form met 
with in young persons is where the eye is turned inwards, or, 
convergent ; the other form, in which the eye is turned outward, 
or divergent, is more rare, and is chiefly met with in elderly 
persons, from paralysis of the internal muscles. Both eyes 
may be affected, but this is not common. 

The causes of squinting are very numerous. It may be con- 
genital, or induced by bad habits, by imitation, by looking at 
pimples on the nose; or it may come from a stye, which often 
interferes with the motion of the eye; by the use of one eye 
to the neglect of the other, or by shading one ; it may also result 
from slight opacities of the cornea ; from a variety of nervous 
causes; and is often the result of reflex irritation in morbid 
conditions of the stomach, worms, teething and constipation; 
disorders of the sympathetic system, as fright, passion, etc., 
and also to disorders of the brain, as convulsions, congestion, 
effusion, hydrocephalus, etc. 

Treatment. — If it be recent, that is not over a few weeks' 
standing, the difficulty can be frequently overcome by the 
removal of the causes, as teething, worms, disorders of the 
stomach and bowels, by the proper remedies; by avoidance of 
study and reading ; by proper exercise to the eyes, and by wear- 
ing glasses for the purpose. But if the squint be of long stand- 
ing, and is habitual, and above all, if there is the slightest dis- 
parity in vision of the two eyes, very little good can be effected, 
unless the internal rectus muscle be divided. This is a very 
simple proceeding, consisting in placing the patient under 
chloroform and placing a blunt hook under the muscle and 
raising it, and then dividing it. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 883 

STAMMERING. — Impediment of speech (stuttering) in 
nearly all cases is a nervous affection; having as its origin a 
want of equilibrium of the gray and white matter of the cervi- 
cal portion of the cord, resembling chorea. The vocal appara- 
tus is usually perfect. It may be congenital, but more likely to 
be the result of some shock in a fright, blow, or reflex condi- 
tion, or follow some fever, worms, masturbation. 

The treatment consists in the removal of the cause ; improv- 
ing the general health by bathing, clothing, frictions to the 
cervical portion of the spine, thus raising its standard of 
vitality. 

Same remedies as for chorea, to wit : Cacodylate of sodium 
for a few months. Occasional doses of thyroid extract. Make 
the child speak slowly and distinctly. Let him fill his chest 
well before he articulates a word, and then enunciate one word 
after another. If unable to do that, let him beat time for every 
word he utters in talking or reading. A persistent course of 
measuring the words until the stammerer can read and talk 
straightforward for an hour, daily, will soon overcome the 
habit. Let the diet be brain- food : boiled fish, oatmeal porridge. 
Use massage. 

STERILITY IN THE FEMALE.— A physical disability 
to produce offspring. Sterility may be either congenital or 
acquired by shocks, concussions, injuries or disease. Among 
nations enjoying the blessings of a highly civilized condition 
it is most prevalent, and where in and in breeding is common 
it is probably as generally met with as malformations from this 
source. The greatest proportion of barrenness exists among 
females, although the male may be the indirect cause of the 
unfruitfulness, by transmitting some microbe to the female 
which sets up changes which militate against conception. No 
organ of the body of the female exerts so great an influence 
over both her mental and physical development as the ovaries. 
At birth they are quite small, smooth and flat; but as growth 
proceeds to maturity, as puberty aproaches, they enlarge, 
become oval and tense. This is due to the maturing of the 
Graafian follicles, to permit their easy rupture for the discharge 
of the ova — ovulation. 

When the age of puberty is reached in a healthy, normally 
built woman of the Caucasian race, in a temperate climate, 
which is about fourteen years of age, ovulation begins and 
continues regularly every twenty-eight days (if not interrupted 



884 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

by pregnancy or some disease) for thirty years. Every twenty- 
eight days a Graafian follicle ruptures, an ovum or egg is set 
free, and carried into the uterus. 

Menstruation accompanies ovulation; this consists in the 
discharge of blood and detritus from the walls of the uterus, 
due to a disintegration of the uterine mucous membrane, pre- 
paratory to the implantation of the ovum. This discharge may 
be a mere show of blood, up to four ounces. After ovulation 
has been established the ovaries assume a nodular appearance, 
due to cicatrices left after the discharge of the ovum, and this 
remains during all the child-bearing period of life, that is, 
from fifteen to forty-five, when they atrophy and present the 
appearance of short and thickened bands. 

When puberty approaches, with its first menstrual period, 
all the physical and mental characteristics of the girl change: 
the breasts enlarge, nipples become prominent; vagina more 
roomy ; uterus takes on a wonderful development ; increases in 
size; pelvis becomes broader; hips and thighs increase in size, 
become rounder and more symmetrical; hair appears on the 
pubes ; voice becomes more melodious ; she becomes vivacious, 
eyes brilliant, step elastic. 

Menstruation is due to ovulation. Conception — that is, 
spermatozoa entering the ovum and its fixation to the walls of 
the uterus — may take place in girls before menstruation 
appears, and in nursing women when menstruation is absent. 

There are therefore several essential conditions necessary 
for reproduction — healthy ova and spermatozoa; a union of 
the two; the implantation of the fertilized ovum in a uterus 
fitted for its growth and development. If these conditions do 
not exist, sterility will be present. 

The non-production of healthy ova and spermatozoa may 
depend on a variety of physical and mental causes, as either 
injuries to the head and spine, non-development or malposition 
of the genital glands; or inflammatory conditions, producing 
atrophy or destruction of those organs ; anything affecting the 
nutrition of or directly invading the ovarian bed, as tumors 
or growths or the toxins of disease germs, operates disastrously 

In all barren marriages, when the symptoms of uterine 
disease are not well marked, a microscopical examination of 
the spermatic fluid of the male should be made. This is easily 
obtained by the use of a condum during coitus. 

There may be malformations; one or both ovaries may be 
congenitally absent or imperfectly developed. The absence of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 885 

one is of little importance, for the other, if healthy, is sufficient 
to furnish ova for impregnation. 

Congenital absence or defect of both ovaries is invariably 
accompanied with other abnormal conditions, physical as well 
as mental (see Splaying), and abnormal conditions of both the 
internal and external organs of generation. 

Anything which affects nutrition, such as prolapse of the 
ovaries, which may set up organic changes, which result in 
atrophy and destruction of the Graafian follicles. 

Early marriages, early coition, early child-bearing damages 
the reproductive organs, and are attended with sterility. 

The toxins of disease germs, especially tubercle, syphilis, 
pneumonia, typhoid fever, act most disastrously, if the ovarian 
bed be weak from any cause. 

Peritonitis, ovarian irritation, and the like, obliterate the 
follicles — give rise to growths : cystic, dermoid, papillary, 
fibroid; sarcoma; cancer; induce degenerative changes and 
sterility. 

Varicocele in the female produces trophic changes and 
sterility. Diabetes, anemia, chlorosis, chronic affections of the 
nervous system, are prone to give rise to sterility, because there 
is a lack of vital force to produce healthy ova. 

The use of alcohol, tobacco, opium, bromide of potassa, bel- 
ladonna, coca — all acronarcotic drugs — blight the springs of 
life, if they do not induce sterility; give conception attended 
with either feeble-mindedness, or idiocy, or deformity. Obes- 
ity is not favorable to the evolution of healthy ovum. 

All varieties of prolapsus of the uterus are unfavorable for 
conception, although in the simple form it often takes place. 

Contracted pelvis often prevents the union of ova and sper- 
matozoa. Inflammation of any part of the genital tract, as 
vaginitis, metritis, salpingo-ovaritis, etc., is decidedly unfavor- 
able for the existence of either ova or spermatozoa. 

The neurosis termed vaginismus, a spasmodic contraction of 
the vagina sphincter — it may be due to ulcers, fissures, irritat- 
ing secretion, uterine disease; an obstacle to coitus and a 
cause of sterility. 

All forms of obstruction, in the form of hypertrophy, 
growths, rectal tumors, cystocele, rectocele, enterocele, prevent 
conception. 

The absence of the menses is unfavorable for ovulation, a 
sign of non-development or either atrophy of the uterus or its 
appendages. The non-union of healthy ova and spermatozoa 



886 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

may be caused by stenosis ; by a tear or laceration of the vagina 
in the course traversed by the human germ ; by diseased condi- 
tions of the passages which tend to impair either the vitality 
of the ova or spermatozoa; by all states or conditions which 
either hasten or retard or prevent organism. 

An imperforate hymen prevents an entrance to the male 
organ and an exit to the menses ; a laceration of the perineum 
vagina, cervix, of any extent, permits the escape of the semen. 

The microbic discharge of intrauterine catarrh is most unfa- 
vorable to the life of the spermatozoa. All uterine displace- 
ments prevent the entrance of semen into the ova. In such 
a state as inversion, conception is impossible. 

The micrococcus of gonorrhea or its toxins — all inflamma- 
tory states of the genital tract, with a chemical change of 
secretion, and the evolution of disease germs, are inimical to 
the implantation of an impregnated ovum in a healthy uterus ; 
still, when there is vaginal inflammation, uterus, tubes and 
ovaries are likely to become implicated. Even in health, the 
vaginal secretion is slightly acid, more so if inflammation be 
present, which is unfavorable to the life of the spermatozoa : 
around the cervical canal in health the secretion is alkaline, 
a condition which may preserve the spermatozoa for several 
days. The slightest deviation from health changes that condi- 
tion. 

Many other conditions might be mentioned which give 
rise to sterility : in and in breeding ; even consanguinity of tem- 
perament, indoor confinement. 

The season of the year affects conception — it occurs more 
readily in spring and summer than in autumn or winter. 

The quantity and quality of food affects conception. More 
children are born during years of plenty. 

The middle station of life is most productive of a sound, 
healthy offspring than among the very poor or rich. 

The most common causes of sterility in the female are: i. 
Anomalies of the hymen or malformations of the genital tract. 
A very large vagina can also be a cause of sterility, as the 
sperma flows out immediately after coitus. 2. Vaginismus. 
3. Excessive acid reaction of the vaginal mucus, which 
destroys the power of motion in the spermatozoa. . 4. Narrow 
external or internal os, anteflexion, retroflection, endometritis, 
gonorrhea, especially with involvement of the adnexa, neo- 
plasms. 5. Constitutional or microbic diseases, as tubercu- 
losis, syphilis, chlorosis, and obesity. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 887 

In order to effect a cure the cause must be removed, and then 
a course of treatment pursued, calculated to revitalize the repro- 
ductive organs rigidly enforced. 

Ozonized thyroid extract and protonuclein rouse up 
ovarian activity; avena, kephalin and c. p. solution of spermin 
supply elements for ovulation; and ambrosia orientalis, the 
prince of sexual evolution, is of undoubted value in its sphere 
of action. 

STERILITY IN THE MALE.— Barrenness is equally 
common among males and females of all civilized nations and 
is a potent factor in the production of domestic infelicity and 
renders divorces very common. It is a state that must never be 
confounded with impotence, which indicates a physical ina- 
bility on the part of the male to fulfill the functions of man- 
hood. 

With an increased civilization, with our intense struggle for 
existence, with the urgent necessities of the age sterility grows 
more common than most of us can imagine. We must not 
look entirely for the causes in the female, for in a very .large 
percentage of cases the male is at fault — clue generally to the 
presence of the germs of gonorrhea and syphilis, whose 
presence militates against conception, and to the early practice 
of self-abuse which is so common, nurtured and fostered by 
a certain class of literature. 

Sterility and impotency are often associated tegether. They 
each, however, should be clearly defined, thus : 

Impotency is a total incapacity for sexual intercourse; par- 
tial impotency, an inability for the proper performance of the 
sexual act. 

Sterility is the want of power to procreate from any cause. 
They may be grouped together, although the term sterility 
is applied to both the male and the female; still it should not 
be confounded with impotence ; which indicates a physical ina- 
bility on the part of the male to fulfill the marital rights. Par- 
tial impotence is characterized by various stages, and the causes 
are not only numerous but diversified ; although there is but 
little doubt that self-abuse in youth, with its deleterious conse- 
quences and aggravated forms of spermatorrhea, often causes 
impotence to develop itself in the prime of manhood, that is, 
between thirty-five and forty-five years of age. Unless sperma- 
torrhea is properly cured it is bound to develop either impo- 
tency or sterility or both. Sexual excesses, too early inter- 
im 



888 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

■course, too frequent, dalliance or withdrawal are grand sources 
of these maladies. 

General neurasthenia, the presence of the syphilitic germ in 
the blood are also productive of it. 

Impotency, impairment or blunting of sexual sensation and 
erectile power, is more common among middle-aged and older 
men than among the young. 

Where latent or badly treated spermatorrhea exists it soon 
creates a chaotic state in which the losses and drains still exist- 
ing rob the sexual or generative nerves and centres of almost 
every trace of strength or feeling. 

There is no doubt that the wear and tear of a highly 
civilized state, with its shocks, jars or concussions, the intense 
struggle for existence directly cause impotency in middle-aged 
men without loss, or drain, or emission of the nervo-vital 
fluid ; whereas in younger men seminal losses are the most com- 
mon cause. 

There are cases in which there appears to be no assignable 
cause but sexual weakness, in which sexual power rapidly fails 
and becomes completely gone with apparently no other dis- 
ease present. 

The acquired causes are numerous, as orchitis, due to kicks, 
blows, falls; the micrococci of mumps often invade the tes- 
ticles ; the gonococcus ; the bacillus of syphilis — each or all give 
rise to inflammation, thickening, degeneration and atrophy of 
their glandular elements. Hernia, hydrocele, varicocele, 
tumors, cystic disease, anything which impairs nutrition of the 
testicle or body as a whole. Excess of all kinds, masturbation, 
withdrawal during ejaculation produce organic changes in 
the testes and sterility; abnormal methods of sexual inter- 
course, also coitus with courtesans, are destructive to the vital 
elements of being. 

Nearly all microbes, which occasionally exist in the human 
blood, whether the factors of fevers or other maladies, affect 
the testes for the time being, by impairing the general health. 
Sterility due to excesses, withdrawal, masturbation and ner- 
vous disease generally is often only temporary, but may 
become permanent through organic changes, or it may simply 
give rise to a non-production of healthy spermatozoa which 
may be due to various interstitial deposits in the genital glands 
or tract. 

Stricture of the urethra is a very common cause of sterility. 
When narrow and situated in the anterior portion of the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 889 

urethra, it obstructs the canal, both in micturition and in ejacu- 
lation of semen. In the latter it holds back the semen during- 
erection, and when the organ becomes flaccid it gradually oozes 
out. If the stricture be situated well back a regurgitation of 
semen takes place into the bladder, and is passed when the urine 
is voided. When a slight stricture is present impregnation may 
be effected, provided the meatus urinarius comes in direct con- 
tact with the external os uteri. 

It is doubtful whether we could suggest a more common 
cause of sterility than the use of cerebral stimulants — as the use 
of tobacco, opium or morphia ; chloral, bromo-caffein, alcohol, 
arsenic, cocain, antipyrin, all the coal-tar derivatives. The con- 
tinued use of any one of these medicaments, until an appetite 
is created, and then persisted in strikes at the origin of species,. 
dries up the fountains of life, and is productive of barrenness; 
and mental imbecility. 

They affect both sexes in the same manner. 

To effect a cure there must be both moral and physical re- 
straint — daily baths, massages, best of food, and the substitu- 
tion of some other stimulant, as ozonized coca et celerina, 
which should be given and gradually decreased, but adminis- 
tered long enough until the physical and moral nature is suf- 
ficiently recruited. Many men suffer from neurasthenia of the 
entire genitourinary organs, and are of a very erratic and ex- 
citable disposition; when in the presence of females have a 
leakage, or when about to gratify their sexual appetite are un- 
able to control themselves, and have a premature emission, 
even before an entrance into the vagina is effected. Some ner- 
vously shattered even as soon as the limbs come in contact with 
those of a female. 

Different neuroses of the genital tract may either retard or 
prevent orgasm. Spasmodic stricture may cause seminal re- 
gurgitation into the bladder. Generally those neurotic states 
are found in individuals who have practiced the secret vice of 
self-abuse, or who have been the victims of frequent and long- 
continued nocturnal emissions. 

In all neurasthenic conditions the reflex centre governing 
the sexual act may lose its hold. 

In forming a prognosis of any given case of sterility in the 
male, we must inquire into all congenital or acquired defects, 
imperfect development or absence of portions of the male 
genital tract, as obliteration of ducts from the testes to the 
urethra, whether any part be absent or undeveloped; whether 



890 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

any condition exists which prevents the entrance of semen into 
the urethra; whether there be pressure of tumors upon the 
cord, causing occlusion of the ducts. 

If either epispadias or hypospadias or urethral fistula exist, 
either of those states existing, obstructs or allows the semen 
to escape before it enters the vagina. At all events it may be 
deposited in the vagina, but fails to be ejaculated against the 
cervix. It must ever be borne in mind that obliteration of the 
ducts takes place in masturbators and in old age, often before 
the testes cease to generate spermatozoa. 

The diagnosis of sterility must be made on various points, 
and with a correct knowledge of physiological laws, especially 
of the generative organs, and their function. The quantity 
and quality of the seminal fluid ejaculated at one coitus must be 
•considered, as this depends on the brain, the diet, occupation — 
the size of the testes, habits, physical and mental condition of 
the individual. About two drams is the average quantity in 
a hale hearty man between twenty-five and fifty-five years of 
age, tenacious in quality, loaded with spermatozoa; but in in- 
dividuals who have practiced masturbation it is often thin and 
watery, excessive in quantity and spermatozoa entirely absent 
(azoospermia) ; should there be no discharge (aspermia) it is 
useless to look for spermatozoa. Where either state is congeni- 
tal it is very apt to be permanent ; the acquired form is usually 
temporary. We should in all cases make a microscopical ex- 
amination of the spermatic fluid. This is easily and best 
effected by permitting sexual intercourse to take place, the 
male participant wearing a condum, from which it can be 
obtained. 

In making a diagnosis of the intricacies of sterility we must 
bear in mind that in order to accomplish impregnation three 
things are necessary : ( 1 ) the ovum of the female must have 
free passage to the uterus; (2) the semen must effect an en- 
trance into the womb; (3) the semen must contain sperma- 
tozoa. 

The history of the case will show whether there be any mal- 
formation or absence of the essential organs, or whether there 
be closure or displacement of the Fallopian tubes, arising from 
pelvic peritonitis with adhesions, or from a gonorrhea which 
lias traveled up the uterus and tubes, rendering the covering 
of the ovary so thick that the ovum cannot escape, or so bound 
the fimbriated end of the tube that it cannot rise up to grasp it. 
These causes of barrenness are beyond reach. They are the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 891 

ones to which prostitutes owe their immunity from impregna- 
tion, though frequently the ova are not sufficiently healthy, as 
is often true in any woman affected with nervous debility. 
Obstacles to the entrance of the semen into the womb are more 
easily recognized. The most prominent of these are indura- 
tion or cartilaginous neck, and a most prolific source of in- 
fecundity — a conical cervix. 

The character, quantity and quality of the semen merits the 
closest scrutiny; it must be sufficient in quantity, properly ejac- 
ulated and contain abundance of healthy spermatozoa. 

STERILITY AND SEXUAL IMPOTENCY.— We real- 
ize from the most rigid observation that there are locations in 
which certain maladies are indigenous. We have malarial 
sections, yellow fever zones, tubercular houses, domiciles in 
which the pneumococcus seasonably flourishes, areas in which 
the cancer neoplasm suffers evolution, certain states in which 
the brain yields immense intellectuality ; in others, the outcome 
is feeble-mindedness, gaping idiocy ; sections, nay, towns, some 
cities in which the entire male population suffers from sterility 
and sexual impotency. 

Up to date this remarkable condition has not been explained. 

Medical science endeavors to explain the pathological con- 
dition, according to the number of spermatozoa found in the 
semen. In doing this they recognize two conditions, Oligozo- 
ospermia and Azoospermia. In the former there is a diminu- 
tion in the number of spermatozoa, while in the latter there is a 
total absence of the living germ. 

The causes of Oligozoospermia (diminution of sperma- 
tozoa) are very various, sometimes congenital, present in old 
age and in nearly all libertines, or men who have coition with 
harlots. 

More common causes are : the migration of the gonococcus 
and masturbation varicocele; the passage of the spermatozoa 
from the testicles to the seminal duct often become dwarfed, 
imperfect, scanty, either from partial obliteration or degenera- 
tion of the vas deferentia; from inflammatory states, epididy- 
mitis, the toxins of disease germs, especially syphilis, tubercle, 
typhoid. Bicycle exercise invariably brings about watery, in- 
fertile semen, and many others may cause either a diminution 
of spermatozoa, or their conversion into spermatic crystals, or 
their complete absence — the one condition may pass into the 
other, no semen. 



892 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Both conditions involve sterility. Sparsely secreted sperma- 
tozoa, when motionless, are dead ; if they exhibit motion, there 
is usually some procreative power, but greatly diminished, with 
feeble erections. 

As a general rule, oligozoospermia comes on gradually, and 
runs into azoospermia. 

The principal victims of both conditions are those who have 
masturbated, and have suffered from spermatorrhea, which if 
not promptly cured, the semen becomes watery, spermatozoa 
fail to appear. Precisely the same condition takes place in 
ill-treated gonorrhea. 

Bloody, purulent semen may contain spermatozoa, dimin- 
ished in number, motionless, and degenerated into spermatic 
crystals. 

Unless there be some violent shock to the nervous system, 
some injury, azoospermia comes on gradually, progresses 
slowly, the spermatozoa diminishing in number gradually until 
impotency is established. 

Although the intensity and frequency of any kind of testic- 
ular irritation is bad, such as the bicycle, it furnishes no rule 
for the occurrence and prevalence of azoospermia. It is even 
possible to have normal semen follow an attack of epididymitis, 
while on the other hand, a pain, an irritation of either testicle 
or spermatic cord may bring about azoospermia. Even the 
size and density of the testes tell us nothing. An examina- 
tion of the semen in all cases is imperative. 

Azoospermous men may have strong sexual passions, able to 
have coitus, and apparently discharge a seminal fluid, but it is 
non-fertilizing, a mere waste product, and consists mostly of 
epithelium from the seminal ducts, urethra and well-formed 
spermatic crystals. 

Azoospermous semen not infrequently contains fatty gran- 
ules, colloid masses, various spherical and ovoid particles with 
spermatic crystals, the elements of spermatic degeneration. 

The chemical analysis of these crystals demonstrated that 
they are the product of degeneration, of dead spermatozoa, 
and invariably indicate sterility. 

Semen which contains motionless spermatozoa are unfruit- 
ful. They never regain their mobility, even in the genital tract 
of a healthy female. 

Such is a passing glance at a malady which is striking at 
the root of our existence as a nation and will eventually erase 
the name of some nations ere long from the geographical map. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 893 

Is sterility and sexual impotency a curable affection? We 
answer, Yes, provided there be no organic lesion of the brain 
and spinal cord, and the cause can be removed. 

No cure can be effected if there be either sclerosis of brain or 
cord, or white softening, and neither can there be a cure unless 
the cause can be removed. This is a most essential point in 
treatment, a removal of causes. It would be unreasonable to 
expect a cure, if he either still frequents the abodes of harlots 
or commits masturbation, or rides a bicycle, or leads an im- 
moral life. 

Massage, seclusion, rest, overfeeding for six or eight weeks, 
or rather months together with a diet consisting chiefly of 
phosphates. 

It is utterly impossible to lay down a course of treatment to 
be followed. A physician with a good degree of common 
sense, and the proper remedies, will soon catch the idea, once 
the remedies are presented to him. 

Protonuclein as a suppository, thyroid extract orally. 

Cacodylate of sodium is being tried, and receiving a thor- 
ough test. 

At the initial treatment, if the digestive organs are in good 
condition, the c. p. solution of spermin might with some ad- 
vantage be prescribed. In brain elements it is away ahead of 
all the hypophosphites ever made. This might be alternated 
with either kephalin granules or tincture of oats. 

If the case needs a bitter tonic to stimulate the stomach and 
intestines to digestion and assimilation of food, then the comp. 
tincture' of matricaria is the best of all remedies to prescribe as 
favorable to the evolution of spermatozoa. 

In sexual impotency, with sterility, protonuclein supposi- 
tories possess germinal potentiality, cell originating, cell prolif- 
erating power, bv what is termed leukocytosis ; this is aided by 
nutritious blood feeding, which gives us a supply of rapidly 
forming nuclei, furnishes the leukocytes already in the blood 
the proper nutriment for their proliferation. In this, above 
all maladies, push protonuclein suppositories, whenever the 
organism is below a normal standard, as it rapidly restores 
the vitality of all the tissues by aiding and supporting assimi- 
lative nutrition. 

The principal causes of these two conditions are masturba- 
tion, perversion of the sexual act, self -treatment of gonorrhea, 
etc. 

The effects in all cases are an involuntary loss of semen in 



894 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the shape of diurnal and nocturnal losses, which naturally 
attract the attention of the affected individual, for which he 
seeks help, and if from a physician up to the times, he will pre- 
scribe ozonized extract of black willow internally, suppository 
and bougie. 

A great many men suffering from prostration, nerve exhaus- 
tion, do not realize that they have loss of semen, simply feeling 
an invisible trickling, a mere moisture at the orifice of the 
urethra, a kind of oozing almost of the character of perspira- 
tion, or there may be a dribbling, and a slight mucous dis- 
charge, a mere drop that does escape, which nevertheless gives 
rise to vital deterioration. 

The salix nigra bougie and suppository are the remedies, 
with matricaria for a tonic. 

There is a brain phase of spermatorrhea produced by the loss 
of such a vitalizing secretion, and a reflex source of irritation 
by the act of masturbation — the brain deprived of this secretion 
becomes anemic, as is visible in the pallor of the face, indistinct- 
ness of vision, dilation of pupils, myopia or double vision, deaf- 
ness, feebleness of voice, mental preoccupation, hebetude of 
mind, confusion of ideas, profound melancholy, indigestion, 
constipation; peculiar numb, aching or tingling sensations in 
hands, arms, legs, feet. In this cerebral phase of spermator- 
rhea and impotency, all leakages must be completely arrested 
with the black willow internally and salix nigra for supposi- 
tory and bougie. 

Then matricaria for an all-round tonic, ozonized thyroid ex- 
tract, and protonuclein daily, with c. p. solution of spermin 
three times a day. 

The best remedies to cure the impotency. 

A man suffering from seminal leakages, the product of mas- 
turbation, should not marry till perfectly cured; even if his 
semen be fertile, the offspring will be ever ailing, never healthy, 
never strong, a blight. 

STILL-BIRTH is a term used for a child apparently 
dead at birth. In this two degrees or stages of asphyxia are 
recognized, congestive or apoplectic, anemic or pale. Air 
hunger or a necessity of breathing is a requisite of life. So 
clear the air-passages of mucus or amniotic fluid, so as to facili- 
tate the entrance of air into the lungs. Cleanse it with the 
finger wrapped in a handkerchief, then resort to the treatment 
of asphyxia (which see), friction with alcohol; hot and cold 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 895 

oaths, alternately; artificial respiration; cutting cord, let some 
blood escape; electricity; enemata of brandy and water, with 
one drop of one per cent solution of nitroglycerin, bearing in 
mind that an asphyxiated child must not be let alone until re- 
animation is perfect, which is indicated by its crying continu- 
ously and vigorously. 

There has been no cases of still-birth reported in which the 
obstetric cones have been used to render labor painless, to ab- 
breviate its duration. 

STILLINGIA. — The roots of Stillingia sylvatica. Queen 
roots. Grows freely from Virginia to Florida, flowering in 
May and June. The root is the part used. 

Therapeutic Uses. — This remedy may be classed third in 
the classifications of vegetable alteratives and bactericides: 1. 
Saxifraga; 2. Phytolassa; 3. Stillingia. 

A good alterative, well adapted for mild cases of syphilis. 

Preparations and Doses. — The compound syrup, made as 
follows : Rad. stillingia sylvatica, rad. corydalis formosa, rad. 
Phytolacca decandria, rad. iris versicolor, cort. xanthoxylum 
fraxineum, fol. chimaphila umbellata, sem. cardamomum. The 
best preparation, in teaspoonful doses, every three hours. 

STOMACH. — The importance of a thorough knowledge of 
diseases of the stomach cannot be overestimated. Innumer- 
able aches and pains, formications, tingling, and numb sensa- 
tions are caused by imperfect gastric digestion. The theory 
that the stomach is only a receptacle for the ingesta, and is 
not, strictly speaking, a digestive organ, has not been sustained 
by clinical and laboratory experience ; while clinical experience 
testifies and laboratory experiments and observation demon- 
strate that many digestive disturbances originate in the stom- 
ach, and produce symptoms which frequently have been at- 
tributed to derangements of the nervous system. Many cases 
of headache, impaired memory, and inaptitude for thought and 
work occurring in merchants and other business men, are not 
due to overwork and brain exhaustion, as is frequently sup- 
posed, but are caused by imperfect digestion, resulting from 
eating when the stomach is tired. When one is engaged in 
hard physical or mental labor the blood flow to the stomach is 
decreased, and a proper amount of gastric juice is not elab- 
orated, and the functions of motility and absorption are dimin- 
ished. Under such circumstances, digestion must be changed. 



896 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Such patients may be benefited by taking only soup, beef tea, 
or milk for the noon meal. Sometimes biscuit or bread and 
butter may be allowed in addition. The large meal, or dinner, 
should not be taken until the day's work is done. Thus severer 
forms of disease, as functional dyspepsia and chronic gastritis, 
may be prevented. 

STONE CROP VIRG.— Of great utility in catarrh of the 
stomach and bowels; almost identical with stone root and 
bayberry. 

Of all remedies it is decidedly the best in all forms of ulcera- 
tion of the bowels, especially when the rectum is implicated. 
It has a most extraordinary, vitalizing action upon all mucous- 
membranes. 

Dose: Fluid extract, 30 drops. 

STRAINS. — A strain or sprain is a violent stretching of 
tendinous or ligamentous parts, with or without rupture of 
their fibres. It gives rise to severe pain, attended with faint- 
ness, great tumefaction in the part, with ecchymosis, with sub- 
sequent weakness and stiffness. If the part is not kept at rest ; 
if the diet is very stimulating; if the blood is charged with dis- 
ease germs; or if it is some large joint, like the knee, there 
may be inflammation, and even fever. The most essental ele- 
ment in a strain is rest; and then some remedy to penetrate 
down to the diseased part, such as we have in the aconite, 
belladonna, and chloroform, equal parts, or olive inunction 
followed by concentrated ozone. 

STRICTURE. — As its name implies, is either a narrowing 
or contratction of a tube or canal, made up of circular muscular 
fibres, lined with a mucous membrane. 

It may be the result of some irritation, some neuroses, or 
effusion of plastic lymph; hence the division into inflammatory, 
nervous and organic ; the latter, being due to effusion of plastic 
lymph, is a permanent obstruction. 

The principal locations of stricture are either the esophagus, 
rectum, urethra. 

Stricture of the Esophagus may be due to the ingestion 
of irritant poisons — to irritation of the cervical nerves — to 
effusion of lymph which becomes organized. 

The hurried drinking of beer and iced drinks call into 
requisition the circular muscular rings, which irritates and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 897 

gives rise to a low grade of irritation with effusion. The in- 
flammatory and nervous varieties are usually promptly relieved 
with large doses of gelsemium and passiflora ; repeated blister- 
ing of the cervical portion of the spine, with matricaria, avena, 
kephalin. 

Bolus of papoid, 20 to 30 grains, repeated several times, have 
been successful in absorbing the effused organized lymph either 
on the rings, or thrown out longitudinally in masses ; nourish- 
ment by enemata. 

Stricrure of the Rectum. — An effusion of lymph either 
partially or completely around some of the circular muscular 
fibres of the rectum. This, the organic form. There may exist 
some sacral or coccygeal irritation or seat-worms, which may 
give rise to spasmodic contraction, but usually the real cause 
is septic ulceration. 

The only correct treatment for organic stricture is by 
gradual dilatation and absorption, and digestion of the stric- 
ture with papoid and boroglycerid. 

Urethral Stricture is the most common inflammatory, 
spasmodic, organic, all easily diagnosed by an inability of mic- 
turition and by the fact when the stream is started that it is 
either spiral, twisted, forked, split up, and when lymph is ef- 
fused these symptoms are permanent. Besides the retention 
of one drop of prine behind the stricture keeps up a gluey dis- 
charge from the urethra, mistaken for spermatorrhea ; produc- 
tive of fistula. 

Usually gelsemium and passiflora will cover all the indica- 
tions of the two first, and by rendering the urine alkaline with 
bicarbonate of potassa, but these remedies avail as nothing in 
organic stricture. The following methods are employed, both 
in the urethra proper as well as the deep-seated urethra, each 
liaving their admirers. Urethrotomy, electrolysis, dilatation 
gradual, divulsion or forced dilatation, divulsion with reten- 
tion of the sound or catheter and suppuration ; absorption, lac- 
eration. 

All these methods, except absorption with divulsion or sup- 
puration, are almost always followed by a recurrence, but in 
suppuration and absorption we have the canal permanently re- 
stored — perfect reconstruction. Before any special plan of 
treatment is resorted to, it would be well to make sure of the 
diagnosis, as warts often originate in all portions of the 
urethra, giving rise to the identical symptoms of effused lymph. 
Oil of thuja internally and insert in the urethra dailv for a 
week will solve the problem. 



The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

One essential feature : all treatment, whichever be adopted, is 
to avoid all irritation, so as to obviate all the bad effects of 
confined urine. 

The rapidity and permanency of a cure of every case of or- 
ganic stricture is the desideratum of the age — organic stricture, 
one in which lymph is either effused longitudinally or vertically 
across the base of some portion of the urethra — the effective 
absorption of this organized lymph, or permanent stricture, in 
the shortest possible time. 

In any plan that may be adopted improve general health; 
keep bowels open; cleanse out the urethra daily, by irrigation, 
by first inserting a reflex catheter well up to the prostate or even 
into the bladder, then attaching this to a half-gallon fountain 
syringe filled with a warm solution of ozonized boroglycerid. 
After this has passed through, fill the catheter with a ten per 
cent solution of cocain, which is permitted to remain about 
ten minutes. Then we insert Holt's dilator, and thoroughly 
dilate the structure or organized lymph to its utmost capacity, 
retaining the instrument in its place for fifteen minutes ; then, 
upon its withdrawal, insert an ozonized iodol bougie, which is 
to be retained and permitted to dissolve. The iodol is a very 
rapid absorbent, painless, but most effective. All this must be 
accomplished without undue force, and the reverse current 
catheter used in all cases to wash away the debris. 

It can be repeated daily, in most cases, until a change is 
effected. In this way the most stubborn strictures can be ab- 
sorbed, even cartilaginous degeneration will disappear in a 
wonderful short space of time. 

An essential part of this treatment is the introduction of the 
cocain solution, as it obviates all tendency to inflammatory 
action. 

My experience with this treatment has been most satisfac- 
tory indeed. 

Burning, cutting, laceration, most likely recurrence, gradual 
absorption usually effective. 

SUICIDE. — As might be expected, self-destruction is less 
frequent in childhood than at any other age. The commonest 
period is from forty to fifty years. Females are less prone to 
self-destruction than males, but this is less marked in child- 
hood than at a later age. The proportion of female to male 
suicides under sixteen years of age in the whole population is. 
less by one-half; but taking 1,000 male and 1,000 female sui- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 899 

cides under sixteen, the proportion is greater with females by 
one-third. It is at present increasing in frequency. The 
ratio, however, shows female precocity. Child suicide is in- 
creasing. But what undoubtedly causes many cases now is 
overpressure in education, while the education itself produces 
precocious development of the reflective faculties, of vanity, 
and of the desires. During the last few years there have been 
several cases of children killing themselves because unable to 
perform school tasks. 

A very important pathological discovery has recently been 
made, in cases of suicidal mania, namely, that the typical fis- 
sures of thought are almost entirely obliterated, and a general 
atrophy of the cineritious portion of the brain has taken place, 
clearly demonstrating the disease of self-destruction is a mental 
act, due to cerebral wreckage. The condition is identical with 
the brain of an habitual masturbator, or one who practices a 
perversion of the sexual act. Indeed, every case of suicide is 
associated with or dependent on either a sexual basis, or failure, 
or self-indulgence in some way. The mental irregularity is 
due to sexual chaos — the internal testicular secretion being 
cut off. 

A man who attempts to destroy his existence is not sane, 
neither is his judgment sound. 

This morbid condition is amenable to treatment, whether 
expressed or implied. Place him upon ozonized thyroid ex- 
tract, once or twice daily, for some months, and administer 
c. p. solution of spermin, thrice daily. 

These two remedies in some mysterious manner completely 
overcome the suicidal tendency and bring about a healthy 
equilibrium. The same remedies are efficacious in all condi- 
tions of arrested development, retarded evolution, idiocy, 
imbecility. 

SULPHONAL. — In doses of from 30 to 45 grains, is a 
safe and reliable hypnotic free from all deleterious effects. As 
it is somewhat insoluble, it is a good plan to spread it on a piece 
of bread and butter ; better still, dissolve in boiling water, keep 
stirring till cool enough to swallow. It is a remarkable bac- 
tericide, having a special affinity for the microbe of neuras- 
thenia, hence its positive efficacy in the insomnia of the insane 
or neurotic ; in old age ; in organic cerebral lesions ; in delirium 
tremens ; in pernicious anemia. It is a much safer remedy than 
chloral hydrate, paraldehyde, amylene hydrate. If used in 



900 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

pulmonary tuberculosis, smaller doses at bedtime arrest the 
sweats and procure most refreshing sleep. 

SULPHUR, GLYCERITE, OZONIZED.— This combina- 
tion of sulphur, ozone and cassia, possesses very remarkable 
energetic germicidal properties, so much so that it is very 
destructive to all classes of disease germs, besides being of 
great efficacy as a remedy to aid in the formation of the blood, 
an active agent in cell life. 

It is therefore indicated in diphtheria, whooping-cough, 
cerebrospinal meningitis, smallpox, scarlet fever, erysipelas, 
rheumatism, etc., whenever disease germs are present in the 
vitiated secretions of the body. 

Thus most excellent results are obtained from it in all dis- 
eases of the blood, even in malaria, syphilis, cancer; when all 
remedies prove insufficient, they decidedly improve under this. 
Alternated with Chian turpentine mistura, it is most effective 
in cancer. Spraying the throat with peroxide of hydrogen, 
and pushing the administration of glycerite of sulphur. 

Directions for Use. — Dose : From one-half to one teaspoon- 
ful to be taken every hour or more frequent. The dose varies 
with the age of the patient and the intensity of germ develop- 
ment. As microbes are killed off or sterilized, which will be 
known by the amelioration of symptoms, the size and fre- 
quency of dose should be gradually less. 

Sulphur Water, Ozonized. — Sulphur, next to ozone, is 
the most widely diffused of all germicides, and when placed 
in or on the living tissues of the body, a most powerful germi- 
cidal action is developed, which destroys and inhibits the evo- 
lution of all microbes. An excellent remedy for both internal 
and local use, has a destructive effect upon all microscopic life, 
annihilates all germs, besides having a powerfully stimulating 
effect on the tissues with which it comes in contact. 

The combination of ozone and sulphur, designated sulphur 
water ozonized, is a germicide of immense power, with a very 
wide sphere of action, of sufficient intensity and quality to 
either destroy or influence prejudicially all microbic growth. 

Besides being the greatest scavenger in animated nature, it 
acts as a vitalizing tonic to the individual into whose body it is 
introduced. The action exerted by the sulphur and ozone is 
peculiarly restorative. 

As a local remedy, ozonized sulphur water should be diluted 
one-half or even more with either water or glycerin or both, and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 901 

applied either by means of cloths or compresses, saturated with 
the same, and kept moist. These placed in contact with in- 
cised wounds renders the part sterile as far as all organisms 
are concerned. 

It is a most effective antiseptic lotion for ulcers, fistulas, and 
of very great benefit in necrosis and tuberculosis of bones. 

In all cutaneous affections, whether parasitical or crypto- 
gamous its action cannot be excelled. Most efficient results 
are obtained by its use in acne, eczema, scabies, and all varieties 
of tinea. 

Administered internally ozonized sulphur water should be 
diluted one-fourth or more with water before entering the 
living tissues of the* body, where it is inimical to microscopic 
life, prevents fermentative changes indispensable to the evolu- 
tion of the sarcinse ventriculi in the stomach and bowels, hence 
it is curative in gastric and intestinal catarrh (sarcinse ven- 
triculi) ; in typhoid fever and scarlet, smallpox, measles, epi- 
demic influenza, hay fever, cancer, because when this ozonized 
sulphur water, even in small doses, oft-repeated, is placed 
within the living tissue of the body, it results in the develop- 
ment of a germicidal agent and antitoxin of sufficient power 
and quantity to destroy the germ and neutralize its toxin, so 
morbid action ceases. 

As an illustration of its efficiency and power, we see its 
never-failing influences on the streptococcus of diphtheria, de- 
stroying the germ, neutralizing its toxin. The trouble has 
been with the profession, in not pushing and holding on with 
tenacity to the sulphur treatment. 

The ozonized glycerite of sulphur is better adapted for ad- 
ministration to children, hence best for diphtheria. 

By all careful observers the glycerite of sulphur is one of our 
valuable aids in the cure of cancerous affections. 

SUMBUL, OZONIZED EXTRACT {Musk Root).— A 
native of Central Asia, which has been before the profession 
for thirty years, and found to be a tonic and stimulant to the 
nervous system. Its peculiar therapeutic value resides in a 
resinous substance which is extracted from the root, and which 
is incompatible with all other agents. This resinoid is quite 
volatile and can only be preserved in an ozonized extract, all 
other preparations usually found in the drug stores being 
worthless conglomerations. 

This then is the latest and most elegant preparation, and it 



902 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

is exceedingly valuable to aid a renewal of life in parts 
influenced by cerebrospinal nerves controls spasms, insomnia, 
tremor, want of co-ordination, such as we have it in chorea 
and epilepsy; it may be accepted as a rule that all painful and 
spasmodic affections are promptly relieved by its exhibition. 

It is extensively used in sanitariums for the cure of habits. 

Delirium tremens is a toxical condition induced by the use 
of alcohol ; the poison in all cases must be discarded, and sumbul 
substituted, so as to stay the excessive and prolonged w T aste of 
nervous energy — to arrest the tremor, the restlessness, the 
expenditure of nerve energy. 

In asylum practice, we have many auxiliary aids, as the 
warm bath, followed by massage; the Turkish bath with its 
hot and cold showers, with brisk friction. 

When the ozonized sumbul extract is given, no narcotics, 
either orally or hypodermically, need be used, for after the 
bowels are moved, and he gets his sumbul, he will sleep, hallu- 
cinations and delusions will pass away. 

Irritative poisons lie at the origin of all cases of delirium 
tremens; hence the importance of free elimination, by skin. 
kidneys, bowels, and when this is established, hot, easily assimi- 
lable liquid foods are required. The best of all tonics to admin- 
ister to aid recuperation is one kephalin granule every four 
hours with food. 

The old treatment with ammonia, chloral hydrate, capsicum, 
bromide of potassa, opium, digitalis, and the long list of coal- 
tar derivatives, are dangerous, and should not be used in 
delirium tremens. 

SUN-STROKE. — A condition of cerebral exhaustion with 
evaporation of the watery constituents of the blood. 

Its diagnosis is : A person exposed to the solar rays, or an 
overheated building, complaining of headache, insomnia, irri- 
table, restless, face flushed, eyes congested, bowels constipated 
— these followed by a sudden seizure of vertigo, headache more 
intense, dimness of vision, failure of muscular power, falls to 
the ground, insensibility, breathing stertorous, pupils con- 
tracted, skin intensely hot. Pulse and temperature very high, 
later weaker and irregular. There may be convulsions, with 
coma, or exhaustion, or syncope ; patient may die without pre- 
monitory symptoms. In some cases there is stupidity, in 
others stricken down, insensible. 

We have been always led to believe that the etiology of sun- 
stroke was due to the effects of drv, intense solar heat, caus- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 903 

ing an evaporation of the serum of the blood — giving rise to 
embolism of that fluid and a perfect coagulation in the capil- 
laries and sinuses of the brain, the spleen, liver, kidneys, heart 
and large vessels, and that tepid water and the salts of potassa 
orally, by enema, and by bathing and massage were the cure. 

Very recently it has been discovered that owing to the physi- 
cal and mental exhaustion invariably present a specific micro- 
organism, found in the soil of all tropical countries enters the 
body, and being of rapid growth, excretes its toxins, which 
give rise to the vertigo, the prostration, the extreme pallor of . 
the surface, embarrassed breathing, cardiac paralysis. 

This micro-organism is found in the superficial layer of the 
earth, in the street dust, and is either inhaled into the lungs or 
ingested into the alimentary canal, where it produces a most 
virulent toxin, which is rapidly diffused through the blood- 
stream and gives rise to all the symptoms of the disease. 

During the prostrating effects of solar heat during these 
few past summers, when the mortality was quite great, the 
superheated air treatment was tried with excellent results. 

In the management of such cases the patient should be re- 
moved at once to a cool room, and placed in a recumbent posi- 
tion near an open window ; the clothes are then stripped off and 
a stream of tepid water from a vessel held about four or five 
inches above the patient, directed first on the head, then on the 
chest and abdomen, and finally on the extremities, and thus 
alternating from one part to another until consciousness re- 
turns. Cloths wrung out of warm water over the spine are 
beneficial. Internal medication : Bromide of ammonium is 
most efficient ; when the patient is unable to swallow, it can be 
given by injections. In mild cases from 5 to 10 grains may be 
given at intervals of from half an hour to one hour, until the 
grave symptoms disappear. 

In more severe forms from 10 to 30 grains may be given 
every half hour. When the pulse becomes weak or intermit- 
tent, stimulants are needed. Stimulants should be resorted to 
in all cases where exhaustion is the prominent feature. 
Brandy and milk, or brandy with ammonia, must be introduced 
into the stomach, or rectum. In all cases in which the skin is 
cold, the cold douche must not be employed. 

SUPRARENAL CAPSULES.— It has been recently dem- 
onstrated that disease of the suprarenal capsules, or what some 
term Addison's disease, is due almost entirely to an infiltration 



904 . The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

of those glands with the tubercular bacilli. This disease germ, 
once deosited in the suprarenal capsules, grows and goes 
through its different stages of growth and degeneration, caus- 
ing chronic interstitial inflammation and fibrocaseous and cal- 
careous metamorphosis. In the early stage of the disease the 
capsules become enlarged from the presence or aggregation 
of the bacilli. These germs generally localize in the centre of 
the gland, grow and breed outwards, usurping its entire struct- 
ure; as it reaches the cortex, cheesy and calcareous degenera- 
tion commences in the centre. This change is uniform. In 
rare cases the bacilli are deposited in points or nodules in the 
glands, which gives it a lobulated appearance; whichever it 
may be, their proper structure is entirely obliterated, no sign 
of gland structure is left; on a cut section it appears yellow. 
The structure and functions of the suprarenal capsules are the 
same as the lymphatics, pink marrow and mesenteric glands. 

The lesions of the nerve centres of the suprarenal capsules 
and great sympathetic account for the phenomenal pigmenta- 
tion and discoloration of the skin. The spleen is enlarged and 
softened; the liver, kidneys, lungs, stomach, intestines, spinal 
cord and brain are dotted over with tubercle; even the testes 
and prostate are implicated. 

The blood is anemic, fibrin diminished, red discs altered in 
size and form, and does not run together as normal corpuscles, 
owing to the lymph spaces being crowded with tubercle; the 
white globules are increased in number. Lurking deep in the 
vital stamina there is great poverty of nerve force, a paralytic 
state of the vasomotor fibres of the great sympathetic, and, as 
a consequence, the blood is imperfectly and unequally dis- 
tributed. 

In addition to the discoloration or bronzing of the skin, we 
have the characteristic features — anemia, general languor or 
debility, with extreme prostration, expressed by a loss of mus- 
cular power, weakness of pulse, remarkable feebleness of the 
heart's action, breathlessness upon the slightest exertion, dim- 
ness of vision, functional weakness and irritability of the stom- 
ach. The progress of the disease is very slow ; melancholia is 
not uncommon; drowsy, dreamy languor, dizziness, and 
syncope not infrequent. Heart failure predominates all 
through; anemic murmurs are heard as the disease advances, 
the skin becomes lustrous bronze, and the mucous membrane of 
the lips and gums are strongly pigmented. Sight and mem- 
ory fail; convulsions and choreic symptoms, followed by de- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 905 

lirium or comatose state. The urine is normal in quantity, 
albuminous; uric acid, coloring matter and indicum are in 
excess. 

In eighty per cent, of all cases tuberculosis of the most in- 
tense character is present. It is regarded as an infectious 
blood disease, more especially common among males in the 
adult period of life, and is found associated with cancer, apo- 
plexy, and waxy and fatty degeneration of glands. Numerous 
cases have recently been discovered in which there was no 
tubercular infiltration of the suprarenal capsules at all. 

As the tubercular diathesis is so intense, the germs block up 
all the important blood-raising glands; it has generally been 
regarded as incurable. 

All remedial measures, up to the present time, have been 
inoperative. Accepting the theory — a disease of nervous 
bankruptcy, with intense tubercular growth — positive benefit, 
at least a great prolongation of life, results from the use of 
germicidal remedies, and a tonic treatment, nutritious diet, 
the avoidance of everything that would debilitate, with rest in 
the recumbent posture, and the avoidance of all insanitary 
states. Glycerite of ozone, in twenty-drop doses, has been 
found a most efficacious remedy; alternating with either the 
glycerite of kephalin or tincture of oats, to which quinine and 
tincture of ignatia has been added. The stimulation of the 
cervical sympathetic with concentrated ozone, with general 
faradization of that nerve, are important factors in the treat- 
ment. 

SURGICAL FEVER. — Since the introduction and use of 
anesthetics in all surgical procedures and operations, this fever 
has very nearly disappeared. When it does occur there is 
languor, lassitude, debility; pain in the head, back and calves 
of the legs ; rigors, and a fever of a continued type. 

When the patient is irritable, restless, feverish, sleepless, 
and the injury is to a nerve or vein, it is called irritative; when 
it occurs in paroxysms, like ague fits, which condition seems 
to be associated or dependent upon operations upon organs 
contained within the cavity of the pelvis, it is termed intermit- 
tent ; if the vital forces are very low, urine copious and of a low 
specific gravity, with a morbidly clean tongue, flush on 
cheeks, burning in the palms of the hands and the soles of the 
feet, with profuse sweats, it is termed hectic ; if the powers of 
life are still lower, we may have that degradation of normal 
bioplasm, the bacillus of typhoid. 



go6 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The treatment of these different types of surgical fever 
must be upon general principles. The circulation must be con- 
trolled effectively with arterial sedatives and echinacea. We 
must enforce hygiene and nursing, supporting the patient care- 
fully, and well watching and guarding all complications as 
they arise. 

1. In the simple form, rest, veratrum, aconite, bathing, 
nourishment, etc. 

2. If of an irritative type, passiflora and gelsemium. 

3. If intermittent, comp. tincture of kurchicin; Warburg's 
tincture. 

4. If a condition of hectic supervenes, stimulants, tonics, 
nourishment, aromatic sulphuric acid and quinine. 

5. If typhoid symptoms, treat same as typhoid fever. 

In all cases of surgical fever, the grand point is to blunt the 
impressibility of the nerve centres ; in this manner the severity 
of the fever is greatly mitigated. It is therefore of greatim- 
portance to administer anodynes and arterial sedatives freely. 
A constructive or building-up treatment is of essential impor- 
tance, and the general principles as laid down under the head of 
fever rigidly enforced; especially bathing, rest, and a free use 
of antiseptics. 

SURGICAL PROCEDURES (An Epitome).— Incisions. 
— In their variety and application constitute a large portion 
of operative surgery. Common instruments used are the bis- 
toury and scissors. Some operations require special instru- 
ments. 

Positions of the Bistoury. — 1. As a pen. 2. As a pen, edge 
upwards. 3. As a carving knife. 4. As a carving knife, edge 
up. 5. As a fiddle bow. 

The Position of the Scissors. — The last phalanx of the 
thumb passed through the upper ring, the phalanx of the ring- 
finger through the lower, the index and middle fingers placed 
in front, under the lower handle, the little finger free. 

Before using any instrument upon a living being it should 
be warmed to a temperature of 80 degrees F. 

Incisions are made in two different ways, from the skin to 
deep parts, and from deep parts to the skin. 

Incisions through the skin are ordinary incisions; those 
under the skin subcutaneous incisions. 

Whatever the method may be, the incision may follow five 
different directions : 1. To the operator. 2. From the operator. 
3. To the right. 4. To the left. 5. From above downwards. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 907 

As far as practicable, incisions should be made in the axis 
of the limbs, parallel to nerves and blood vessels. In making 
incisions, extend the skin, and make it its full length and depth 
at one stroke. 

A simple incision is a single cut ; compound incisions consist 
of more than one, are very varied, but embrace the following as 
principals: V and T; crucial, X; elliptical, C and in the form 
of a crescent. 

They are subject to the following rules: All branches of a 
compound incision should be made as a simple incision; when 
one incision falls upon another, the second should always ter- 
minate in the first, and never begin from it. When two inci- 
sions have to be made, one above the other, the lowest should 
be made first, so that the blood should not conceal the situation 
of the first. 

Incisions from within, outward, are made with the bistoury, 
with or without the director; without the director, the inci- 
sion may be made in various ways. With the director, the 
usual method is to puncture, introduce the director right up 
to where the incision should terminate, then place the point of 
the bistoury in its groove, holding the instrument in the second 
position, at an angle of forty-five degrees, then pass it to the 
end of the director, cutting as it goes, then raise it perpendicu- 
larly and bring it out at the same moment as the director. 

Subcutaneous incisions are made with the bistoury or tendon 
knife, or any special instrument. The character of these inci- 
sions is their smallness, valvular nature, exclusion of air ; little, 
if any, degradation of normal living matter into germs, con- 
sequently no suppuration. Excellent for division of tendons. 
The knife is inserted flat, underneath a tendon ; when inserted 
turn its cutting edge up, divide tendon, withdraw, and her- 
metically seal up. 

Dissections are made of incisions. A puncture is merely first 
part of an incision, but punctures are often made for special 
purposes, as for vaccination, exploration, etc., and are usually 
performed by bistoury, trocar, lancet, exploring needle. 

Cauterization. — By this term is meant the application of a 
caustic to a part, whose life and organization we wish to 
destroy. These remedies are either liquid or solid ; pultaceous 
or powdered. 

Conservative surgery lays down the following rules for their 
application : 

1. Wipe all humidities from the surface. 



908 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

2. Protect all adjacent parts with adhesive plaster or 
gutta-percha and chloroform. 

3. Apply caustic; if any blood exudes during the applica- 
tion, wipe it away.* 

4. After cauterization is complete, neutralize the action of 
the caustic. 

The most valuable caustics are : The actual (the iron heated 
to a white heat), mineral and vegetable acids; caustic potassa 
and soda ; chloride of chromium ; chromic acid ; chloride and 
sulphate zinc, etc. 

Ligation. — This consists in applying a ligature to a part to 
strangulate and divide it — cut off its circulation, procure a 
separation, either by immediate constriction, or sloughing, or 
otherwise. 

The nature of a ligature varies — several strands of saddler's 
silk; gold, silver or platinum wire; catgut, thread, etc. 

Rules to observe in ligation : 

1. Choose a ligature strong enough. 

2. Include only a moderate amount of tissue in ligature. 

3. Never include skin, if possible, in a ligature. 

After it is applied for the removal of a part, there are three 
modes of procedure : 

1. Immediate constriction by ecraseur. 

2. Continued constriction by ecraseur or ligation. 

3. Progressive constriction. 

The first attempts at constriction are painful, but, as it pro- 
gresses, the parts lose their sensibility, as well as their vitality. 
If it is a tumor, as the ligature tightens, it swells, enlarges, 
becomes livid, black. 

The following precautions are to be observed in the applica- 
tion of all ligatures : 

I/ Tighten carefully and gradually. 

2. If tissues are soft, easily torn, do not strangulate at once, 
as a quick division is attended with hemorrhage. 

3. If tumor be hard, difficult to penetrate, carry on constric- 
tion gradually. 

4. If any nervous symptoms supervene, as convulsions. 
spasms, loosen ligature until they subside. 

Hemorrhage. — This is an escape of blood from the vessel 
or vessels in which it is contained. 

The method of arresting consists in ligation, compression 
by fingers, compress, tourniquet, winch, or acupressure, that is, 
the insertion of needles under vessel so as to compress it and 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 909 

obtain union of internal coats of vessel — they should be 
inserted at least one an a half inches from the wound, on the 
cardiac side of vessel ; styptics, elevation, bandages, when it 
is a general oozing in. 

Styptics. — Bleeding from small vessels can be checked by 
ice applied to bleeding surface ; by Monsell's solution of iron., 
by tannic and gallic acid, matico, alum, iron alum. 

Torsion. — Is suitable for small vessels, seize them and make 
three or four sharp turns. 

Urethral Hemorrhage. — Try cold, introduce No. 12 catheter 
and apply compression by bandage. Give gelsemium in large 
doses. 

Rectal Hemorrhage. — Introduce suppositories of perchlo- 
ride of iron. 

Uterine Hemorrhage. — Try the ordinary means, such as 
injections of hot water, elevation, rest, bandage, digitalis, tur- 
pentine and sulphuric acid internally; all these failing^ plug 
the vagina. 

Wounds and Sutures. — Wounds heal by either primary or 
secondary union. Union by first intention is obtained as fol- 
lows : 

1. Arresting hemorrhage. 

2. By removal of all foreign bodies, as pieces of dirt, clots. 

3. By bringing edges into close apposition and holding 
them by sutures, aided with adhesive strips, bandages, com- 
presses, antiseptic dressing; circulation, 75. 

For the purpose of keeping them in perfect approximation 
until effused lymph unites them, "sutures," of which there 
are four varieties : 

1. Interrupted suture. 

2. Glover's suture. Used only to unite intestinal wounds 
and post-mortem. 

3. Quilled suture. Used only in ruptured perineum. 

4. Suture by needles, or button hole, simply a form of the 
interrupted. Observe the following rules in applying sutures : 
Wound cleaned ; hemorrhage arrested ; edges brought together 
neatly and evenly, without dragging. The first suture, as a 
rule, should be inserted into the middle of the wound. Sutures 
inserted at an angle of forty-five degrees penetrate deep enough 
so as to leave no space for the collection of pus. Avoid prick- 
ing nerves, blood-vessels and tendons ; if suppuration is beared 
(union by second intention), a space at the most depending 
part should be left open so as to permit the escape of pus. 



910 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The distance between sutures will vary. 

Incised wounds are made by clean-cutting, sharp instru- 
ments. There are four indications in their treatment : i . Arrest 
hemorrhage; 2. Remove foreign bodies; 3. Bring edges 
together, and 4. Hold them by sutures, compresses. Dress 
with antiseptics. 

Dissection wounds should be well immersed in hot water, 
encourage free bleeding, then cauterize, dress with antiseptics. 

Punctured zvounds are esteemed the most dangerous, from 
their depth, implicating blood-vessels and nerves ; viscera torn ; 
laceration of nerves more liable to tetanus. 

Contusions, or bruises, inflicted by some blunt instrument, 
ecchymosis liable to occur ; apply arnica, mangold. 

Sprains. — Rest, bandage, irrigation, arnica. 

External Stimulants. — Designed to promote a renewal 
of life, as cantharides, sinaplasms, irritating plasters, acupunc- 
turator, dry cups, baths, massage, etc. 

Fracture. — A break 'of* bone. 

There is a predisposition in the bones of some individuals 
to break, from a deficiency of certain normal materials, usually 
the result of mercurial saturation, systemic syphilis and the 
like. 

The exciting causes of fracture are mechanical violence, 
muscular action. 

This violence may be direct, the bone giving way at point 
struck : it may be indirect, bone giving way between two oppos- 
ing forces. Fractures are either simple or compound, complete 
or incomplete — transverse, oblique, longitudinal, comminuted. 

The essential symptoms of fracture are crepitus, preter- 
natural mobility, deformity. In addition there may be ecchy- 
mosis, pain, heat, redness, swelling, but none of the latter are 
essential. 

There are fractures in which neither crepitus, preternatural 
mobility nor deformity exists, as in fracture of the base of the 
skull, caused by falling from a height on feet. 

In simple fracture, bone only broken ; in compound fracture 
not only is the bone broken, but it has penetrated through 
muscles, blood-vessels, nerves and skin. 

There are four indications in the treatment of all fractures : 

Place the bones in their natural position (set the fracture). 

Place the limb, in order to do that, in such a position as will 
relax all the muscles. 

Retain it in such a position. — 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 911 

By an appropriate dressing apparatus — anything that will 
rigidly fulfill those indications. 

Health must be maintained at as high a standard as possible, 
and there must be no pain in the fractured parts. 

If these indications are perfectly carried out, there is effused 
by nature from the marrow, bone, periosteum and all the adja- 
cent tissues lymph, which becomes oreanized and unites the 
ends of the bones. This lymph, at the end of six weeks, 
becomes firm enough to grasp the ends of the bones together, 
but it requires four months and a half more, making six 
months altogether, before the bones are firmly knit together. 

This lymph that is effused for the purpose of union is called a 
provisional callus. Nature effuses this the moment she 
recovers from the shock, and continues to throw it out for 
about ten or twelve days, when the process of consolidation, 
union and absorption takes place. At the end of six months 
not a vestige of it remains. 

There are cases of fracture in which the standard of health 
is above the average — the four indications of treatment per- 
fect — where the broken bones will unite by first intention, 
without the formation of this provisional callus. 

Old age, feeble vital force, shattered manhood, blood and 
bone charged or loaded with mercury, germs of syphilis, can- 
cer, bacilli of tubercule, etc., are conditions in which the pro- 
visional callus will not become bone, but ligament, where a non- 
union or false joint takes place — a state in which, in spite of 
all friction or stimulation, a process of interstitial absorption 
and degeneration takes place in the broken ends of the bone. 

As it is contrary to the provisions of nature, bony union 
never, except very rarely, takes place within joints. There are 
many reasons assigned for that, as defective nutrition, charac- 
ter of structure. Neither does bony union take place in flat 
bones, bones destitute of an epiphysis. 

In spite of the most rigid antiseptic precautions, there are 
three things that render compound fractures more dangerous 
than simple ones : The shock ; the danger of laceration of 
nerves and blood-vessels ; the risk of long, tedious suppuration 
attendant upon bone exposed to the atmospheric germs. With 
seventy-five per cent of our population suffering from the 
bacilli of tubercle, fifty per cent from sytemic syphilis, and 
about six per cent cancer germ, surgeons should be cautious in 
their prognosis of fracture. 

Hernia. — One man out of every eight in the United 



91-2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

States suffers either from a predisposition to or from actual 
rupture, the escape of the bowel from its natural cavity. 

The predisposing cause is some weakness or defect — a want 
of proper support. The exciting causes are lifting, hoisting,, 
jumping, coughing, straining. 

If it occurs at the navel, it is called umbilical. If occurring* 
where the testis has descended, inguinal. If where the large 
blood-vessel escapes, femoral. 

When the viscus protrudes, it forms a tumor or swelling,, 
which dilates when the patient coughs, diminishes or disap- 
pears when he lies down. 

This protrusion or sac consists of bowel or omentum, one or 
both, and it may be reducible or irreducible or strangulated. 
The method of reduction is by manual operation, technically 
called the taxis. 

In performing the taxis the patient must be profoundly 
relaxed, by either the administration of comp. lobelia, or ether 
or chloroform. There must be an assistant in all cases, to 
knead the abdomen well to the diaphragm. Then the tumor 
or sac should be well drawn forward in the axis of its neck 
and the bowel returned into the abdomen and held there by 
compress or truss, and the Mexican ointment kept constantly 
applied till orifice is obliterated. 

Retention of Urine. — From Stricture. — Put the patient 
in a warm bath in which an infusion of lobelia has been 
poured, inject the rectum with same infusion; while in the bath,, 
insert a catheter, a No. 12 if possible. If once inserted, retain 
it there for ten days. If it cannot be passed, try a smaller one, 
and proceed with it gradually until the urethra is of normal 
size. 

From Enlarged Prostate. — Proceed in the same method,, 
using cocain suppositories to procure absorption. 

Circumcision. — Slit the foreskin in centre to the corona; 
turn back and turn it all round, except the bridle; unite 
the skin and mucous membrane by numerous fine lead-wire 
sutures. Dress with lime-water and tincture of iodine. In 
infants this procedure is unnecessary, a simple slit being all 
that is required. 

Ganglion. — Insert a strand of several threads of saddler's 
silk, withdraw one every morning, apply a lotion of boro- 
glycerid. Compression, painting with iodine or other boro- 
tants useless. 

Trepanning. — If there is already a scalp wound enlarge 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 913 

it; if not, shave the scalp and make U-shaped incision down 
to the bone and peel back periosteum with the flap of the 
scalp. Avoid regions of longitudinal and transverse sinuses 
and also the middle meningeal artery. Adjust the trephine 
so that the pin shall project beyond the teeth. If there be a 
fracture, place the teeth on the firm edge of the bone. In 
working, press evenly on all sides. After penetrating a short 
distance withdraw the pin into the crown of the trephine. As 
dura mater is approached proceed gently, and frequently probe 
with a piece of quill, obliquely sharpened to a point. As soon 
as dura mater is detected, tilt the trephine to the other side. 
When loose enough remove the disc of bone with elevator. 

Harelip. — The best time to operate is about three months 
before dentition. Roll the child in a sheet, to be held in assist- 
ant's lap. Pare the edges of the cleft thoroughly. Remove 
enough, especially from the apex. Coapt edges, insert two 
or three harelip pins, enter one-quarter of an inch from fissure, 
pass deeply two-thirds from anterior surface ; after all are 
inserted, seam with hairlip sutures. Cut oft* sharp edges of 
pins. Place a piece of lint underneath them. The conditions 
of union will tell when pins are to be removed. 

Naevus. — Capillary naevi, best treated by painting them 
over with nitric acid or perchloride of iron. 

Intussusception. — Place the patient under anesthetic: in- 
ject large quantities of warm water, peroxide of hydrogen and 
olive oil into the bowels. 

Thoracentesis. — When effusion in the chest is great with 
impending suffocation, insert the needle of aspiration or the 
trocar and cannula between the fifth and sixth ribs, two-thirds 
the distance from the spinous process of vertebrae; if trocar 
is used, rotate it gently until it penetrates the pleura and the 
serum appears on the ringers, then withdraw the cannula and 
allow serum to flow out. 

Paracentesis Abdominis. — In ascites, abdominal dropsy, 
to remove fluid by operation. Bladder and bowels empty, pa- 
tient sitting in a chair with a flannel bandage, so slit up into 
tails that it can be held and tightened by two assistants. Two 
and a half inches below the umbilicus in the median line, either 
insert the aspirator or the ordinary trocar ; if the latter, insert 
with a rotary movement until the serum oozes through the can- 
nula, then withdraw cannula. Continue until the entire fluid 
is drained off, the two assistants using compression with band- 
age. When all the fluid is drained off, apply a piece of adhesive 



914 • The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

plaster over the wound, then give patient opium, and to over- 
come inertia of the bowels give large dose of the solid ext. 
hyoscyamus with castor oil. Guard against peritonitis. 

SYNOVIA. — All the joints of the human body are simply 
so many hinges upon which the bones move, are finely lined 
with a soft, velvety membrane which, during sleep, secretes a 
bland fluid for lubrication. This lining tissue is termed a 
synovial membrane, and its secretion synovia. This secretion 
depends greatly on the vitality of the individual ; if vital force 
be low, secretion is scanty, defective; if there be good vital 
stamina, the secretion is usually so abundant as to increase the 
stature about one inch in the morning. In masturbation, in 
men who commit excesses, drain off the nervo-vital fluid, the 
secretion is so scanty that the joints crack; tie up a joint, there 
is no demand ; secretion is arrested ; in old age, degenerative 
changes ; no secretion of any amount ; it is expended by healthy 
exercise during waking hours. 

Acute Synovitis is produced by both local and constitu- 
tional causes ; the former are blows, strains, mechanical in- 
juries, and especially penetrating wounds ; the latter are ex- 
posure to cold, rheumatic gout, syphilitic and mercurial 
poisons. 

Symptoms. — In the most acute form the symptoms are very 
severe, namely, high fever, delirium, violent aching pain in 
the joint, aggravated by the slightest motion; great swelling, 
occurring soon after the pain; redness and tenderness of skin. 

The swelling is peculiar, and distinctive of the disease. It 
is occasioned by the rapid effusion of fluid into the synovial 
cavity/and consequently if the joint is superficial it fluctuates 
freely. It is always most prominent at the point where the 
joint is least covered by ligament, and consequently it alters 
the shape of the joint. When the knee is affected, it pushes 
the patella forward, and there is great swelling on each side 
of it, with general fullness of the surrounding parts. The limb 
cannot be moved without giving rise to the most excruciating 
pain. 

The synovial membrane when suffering inflammation be- 
comes extremely vascular, red, rough, tender; granulations are 
very liable to form. 

Treatment. — Rest to the irritated, weakened joint; it should 
be kept perfectly motionless; this is indispensable to success. 
Keep it in a paraffin splint; dry heat, with hop, bran, chamo- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 9 x 5 

mile flowers, or other light bodies during the day, and some 
stimulating ointment during the night. Bowels opened with 
salines; aconite, veratrum, etc., for fever; if due to mercury, 
iodide of potassa ; if gout, phosphate of quinine ; if rheumatism, 
glycerite of wintergreen and uric acid solvent. Pain in all cases 
to be relieved ; general alteratives and tonics. 

Chronic Inflammation of the Synovial Mem- 
brane of a Joint has the same causes and presents the same 
general features as the acute. There is no fever, but the pain 
is often severe, grinding, excruciating, with a sense of weak- 
ness and relaxation. The swelling is great, indolent, and the 
tissues around the joint are thickened, gristly, and the swelling 
loses its softness and fluctuation. It is very apt to give rise to 
pulpy degeneration of the membrane, with ulceration of the 
cartilage and destruction of joint. 

Treatment. — The points here are to reduce the inflamma- 
tion, correct the morbid state of the blood that gave rise to it, 
and get rid of the effusion and thickening, and restore the 
parts to their proper use. The skin, kidneys, bowels, and ap- 
petite to be attended to; a general alterative and tonic course 
prescribed; all pain removed from joint by stimulants. If 
swelling is great, it is a good plan — saves nature an immense 
amount of labor — to remove fluid from the joint by aspiration. 
There is no possible danger in perforating the joint with a 
small trocar and draining off. The great danger in any form 
of chronic synovitis is thickening of the joint. To stave this 
off, the calcareous matter of the body must be kept in a most 
soluble condition, for it is apt to mingle with the effused 
lymph and form a species of ankylosis. To effect this glycerite 
of kephalin should be administered in distilled water 
twice daily. Carbonate of lime exists in all water ; distillation 
eliminates this agent. Keep the earthy salts soluble ; facilitates 
their excretion, prevents their deposit. Distilled, even boiled, 
water, with kephalin added, exercises a most vitalizing and 
prophylactic action in synovitis, or in absence of that lubricant. 

SYPHILIS. — Syphilis, due to the ingress of the venereal 
bacillus in the blood, its evolution and growth in that life- 
giving fluid. The germ may enter the body by many channels, 
by close contact, by drinking-cups, by bedclothes, by slight 
Cracks or abrasions anywhere. It is not essential for its evolu- 
tion and growth that it form a pack or colony. Once in the 
body, its growth, spore formation, ptomain excretion, depends 



gi6 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

entirely upon the status of vital force of the individual into 
whom the microbe has passed. If the vital force be low, germ 
breeds actively and selects weakened parts in which it forms 
colonies or aggregations. If it is normal its evolution may be 
retarded; it may lie dormant for years, or all through life, if 
vital force be maintained. 

Its presence in the body, if vital force be high, is difficult to 
recognize, for the microbe is latent; but if vital force be low, 
the germ is active, then it is recognized by the following land- 
marks : general languor, lassitude, debility, nocturnal pains ; 
when the electrical forces of the atmosphere are lowered at 
night, enlargement of the post-cervical glands of the neck, pain 
in the sternum ; if the microbe appears in the skin, it loses its 
sensibility over the eruption and becomes copper-colored; if 
upon the mucous membrane of the mouth, copper-colored with 
round, scooped-out ulcers; if upon the bone, periostitis with 
nodes. If the lungs are weak the microbe will excite symptoms 
analogous to pulmonary tuberculosis; so with the brain, 
bronchi, hair and nail matrices, liver, kidneys. 

A microscopical examination will settle all doubts; place a 
little of the discharge from any sore in the field of the glass, 
from the mouth, skin, or a drop of blood, then it will show 
very minute rods ; usually two or more ovoid points are visible 
in the course of the rod, which are spores. In the blood they 
are seen imbedded in the interior of the nucleated cells. 

This microbe is pathogenic of systemic syphilis. It bears 
cultivation, and cultures injected into all red-blooded animals 
produce the disease. 

The ptomain excreted from the syphilitic germs are pecu- 
liarly toxical. 

The entire range of medical science has been revolutionized 
by the discovery of the syphilitic microbe. 

Syphilis, like tuberculosis, is a pre-eminently contagious and 
infectious disease. 

Once the germ enters the body, in either man or woman, 
it produces grave, often permanent, tissue changes, and if not 
eradicated, there is an absolute certainty that it will infect the 
offspring, either by direct transmission of the pathogenic mi- 
crobe, or through the medium of the infected ovum, or sper- 
matozoa. 

In the semen of a syphilitic man, we see microscopically a 
spore or grub attacking the parent cell; these spores often de- 
velop, causing the spermatozoa to become infertile. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 917 

Children born from parents who never took a proper course 
of treatment to kill the germ and neutralize the toxin have 
typical characteristics. Usually during the first six weeks of 
existence the original pock of the parents appears on the skin ; 
the child is ill-nourished, dwarfed in its very form and essence, 
possesses recognized indications of the presence of the mi- 
crobe in the headache, epilepsy, paresis, locomotor ataxia, 
which are becoming so common. 

Now that the theory of syphilis has been definitely settled, 
fixed beyond all doubt, it behooves every individual who has 
had either a gonorrhea, a specific sore upon the genitals, or 
■elsewhere — or had a suspicious illicit connection, or been sleep- 
ing with a contaminated bed-fellow, to take a three months' 
course of treatment of ozonized comp. saxifraga and periodate 
of gold. A faithfully carried out course of these two germi- 
cides will annihilate every syphilitic germ in the blood, sweep 
the spores from the germinal cells, and completely rejuvenate 
the whole body. 

The microbe of syphilis does not differ in its mode of attack 
from other disease germs, attacking the strong as well as the 
weak, the debilitated succumbing to it more readily — devi- 
talized organs being its habitat — the copper stain on skin, 
mucous membrane, brain or bone-marrow, its toxin. 

One loading up of the system with this microbe does not 
render the soil unfit for another and another — no horse serum 
of any potency has any effect here — none has even an inhibi- 
tory action upon its growth. 

One-half of the heterogeneous population of America have 
the microbe of syphilis lurking in their pink marrow, and are 
the breeding stock of all forms of nervous diseases. 

Such a population needs saxifraga and periodate of gold. 

The germ theory of syphilis is incontrovertible, for its 
microbe can be isolated, cultivated ; cultures injected into ani- 
mals will produce the disease. 

It is a microbe of slow growth, unless the patient's vitality 
is low, when it grows rapidly. Its complications and patho- 
logical conditions are much modified by the toxins excreted; 
these suggest the exhibition of a potent germicide to either 
neutralize or depress, or kill the vitality of the microbe so as 
to reduce its toxin-forming power, allowing phagocytes more 
easily to encapsulate and destroy them.- 

But in killing the germ, or antidoting its toxin, we must 
always be careful never to lower the vitality of the patient. 



gi8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Ozonized compound saxifraga alternated with the periodate 
of gold, when administered destroys the germ, extinguishes 
microbic growth; breaks up and eliminates the toxins — even 
moves the chemotaxic irritant which causes the germ to be 
revealed. 

The method of treatment by saxifraga and periodate of gold 
has many advantages. It gives us total destrustion of the spore 
formation. 

Transmissibility of the Microbe of Syphilis. — Since 
the discovery of the bacillus of syphilis, a complete change has 
taken place in the minds of all medical men on the subject. 

A man possessing and maintaining a high grade of vital 
force may hold the syphilitic germ (if he has been so unfortu- 
nate as to have it) latent or dormant in his blood and, although 
in apparent vigorous health, transmit it to his offspring, the 
intensity or weakness of the transmitted taint corresponding 
to the degree of vital force. It is therefore incumbent upon 
men who have been indiscreet, or had congress with a courte- 
san, that before marriage, if he assumes that onerous respon- 
sibility, he undergo a four months' treatment to expunge or 
exterminate the microbes from his blood. A child may inherit 
syphilis from either one or the other parent; it is impossible 
to determine from whom most of the microbes are derived — • 
most probably the mother. 

In the process of transmission typical types of the disease 
are delineated, the original pock on the skin and mucous mem- 
brane, stomatitis, interstitial corneitis, which have no parallel ; 
deafness is common in inherited cases. The pegged, notched 
teeth are also significant. 

All germicides, if administered properly, bear upon the death 
and extermination of germs, upon wiping out the microbe of 
syphilis from the blood and tissues. As an antisyphilitic ger- 
micide, never failing in its action, comp. syrup of saxifraga 
stands unrivaled. Its action upon the syphilitic germ is utter 
annihilation. Its action is greatly aided by administration of 
a few grains of the periodate aurum every other day, and a 
good tonic, either sulphate of quinine or comp. tincture matri- 
caria. 

The ingress of the pathogenic microbe of syphilis into the 
human body has been chiefly effected in sexual congress, but 
very recently numerous cases have appeared in which the 
mouth and pharynx have been the seat of ingress. 

It is now of common occurrence, and much more frequently 
met with in women than in men. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 919 

One woman, with mouth syphilis, is a dangerous element 
in our midst. She may be to all intents and purposes a saint, 
but her contaminating kiss may affect thousands. 

The great increase of syphilitic affections is not entirely due 
to congress with courtesans, but much of it to modern methods. 
Very many cases are contracted from drinking-vessels in parks 
and restaurants; from towels, razors and clipping appliances 
in barber-shops ; from sleeping upon couches, beds, once used 
by the contaminated. Syphilitic eye affections from hired 
opera-glasses used by the victims. Every washerwoman is 
saturated with the germs, which enter her body by the nails and 
mouth. 

This sounds strange, yet it is all true, for a human body 
loaded up, no matter how, with the microbe of syphilis, will 
communicate them by contagion and infection. To talk of 
stages is sheer nonsense. The germ will enter if brought in 
contact with it, and when it enters the blood it is to be found 
in its aggregations in the weakened tissues or organs, whose 
vitality has been impaired. 

From causes which are unnecessary to enumerate, the 
American man possesses a feeble heart, one whose vitality is 
lowered ; consequently we find in the large proportion of cases 
of heart failure, unendurable, agonizing cardiac pain, angina 
pectoris, syncopial'or epileptic seizures, smothering, that there 
is syphilitic disease of the heart-walls, gummata or general 
fibroid changes. 

Gummata of the left ventricle is most common. Even when 
this exists of very small size, it gives rise to defective or 
embarrassed action and danger to life. 

Very much of the heart trouble of the present day is due to 
the presence of syphilitic germs in the blood lodging upon the 
walls of the heart, its entrance being unknown to its host. 

Seeing modern society is so thoroughly drenched with the 
syphilitic microbe, it would be well to place our entire adult 
population upon a three months' course of ozonized comp. saxi- 
fraga, to continue this annually during their terrestial exist- 
ence, so as to efface this germ from the solids and fluids of their 
bodies. 

Saxifraga is the best drug in the materia medica for this pur- 
pose. Inimical to the syphilitic germ, but tonic and strengthen- 
ing to the heart-mscle. There is no better remedy when the 
microbe is located in that region. 

Whenever the bacillus of syphilis enters the blood, either 



920 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

by a chancre or by close contact, or otherwise, its future 
depends altogether upon the status of the vital force of the 
individual. If vital force be good, the bacillus may remain 
latent and pass to the offspring or wife ; if vital force be 
shattered, lowered, the bacillus may make its appearance in 
some weakened gland, organ, tissue or patch simultaneously 
with the inoculation, or a few months later on. 

Although it has been clearly demonstrated that the germ 
is a true pathogenic microbe, still the profession in all parts 
of the world have failed to present a perfect microbicide that 
would completely annihilate and sterilize it under all condi- 
tions, periodide aurum, various preparations of mercury and 
iodide potassa, soda, lime, saxifraga, phytolacca, etc., cannot 
be called specifics. 

The peroxide of hydrogen is highly esteemed as an anti- 
syphilitic; it holds an intermediate action between iodide of 
potassa and protiodide of mercury, but it possesses great 
advantage over both; it has no after-effects, very actively 
destroys the germs, and eliminates them from the body by 
stimulating the entire glandular system ; operates well in alter- 
nation with the chloride of gold and platinum or the sulphide 
of lime. 

TESTES. — Acute inflammation of the testes is often pro- 
duced by injury; from the depressing effects of cold, wet, there 
is apt to arise, if the microbes of rheumatism or mumps be 
present in the blood, a migration of these germs to the weak- 
ened testicle. 

The testes suffering a partial death or inflammation, present 
all the symptoms of that state, pain, heat, redness, swelling, 
but on account of the denseness of their covering they are 
unable to swell to any great extent, but become excessively 
painful. 

This inflammation rarely terminates in effusion of lymph 
and suppuration, because as fast as it is effused it is removed 
by numerous lymphatics ; nevertheless, the inflammation invari- 
ably damages the secreting faculty of the gland, and it is 
extremely likely to take on subsequently atrophy. In very 
broken-down subjects we often find abscess and rarely gan- 
grene. 

Chronic orchitis is most likely to result, even from very mild 
forms, and is invariably accompanied with inflammation of 
the epididymis. Inflammation of the epididymis is almost 
invariably the result of some irritation in the urethra. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 921 

Inflammation of the urethra is most likely to cause epididy- 
mitis, and the one is likely to aggravate the other. The gono- 
coccus is the most frequent and common cause of urethritis 
as well as epididymitis. 

The epididymitis, which so frequently appears during a 
gonorrhea, is due to the micrococcus migrating backwards; 
the affection of the epididymis is the result of the germ passing 
from the prostate urethra to the common ejaculatory ducts,, 
and thence along the vas deferentia. 

In acute epididymitis we have all the symptoms of inflamma- 
tion with fever ; the symptoms are severe, much pain, great 
heat and swelling, which extends to the spermatic cord and 
testes. In such cases the inflammatory condition spreads 
widely, involving the tunica vaginalis, which results in effusion 
of serum and hydrocele. So in the acute form the scrotum 
often becomes enormously distended. 

Wasting of the substance of the testes, with partial or com- 
plete destruction of their secretive faculty, is very comon, 
and is generally caused by masturbation, perversion of the 
sexual act, excesses, bicycle exercise, sedentary habits, varico- 
cele and other forms of local damage ; gonorrhea, the ptomains 
of syphilis, blows on the head, brain tension, exhaustion of the 
spinal cord and brain — indeed, anything that will impede their 
circulation may cause a shrinkage. It may occur at any age, 
but most common after puberty. 

In wasting they become small in size, pale in color, soft in 
texture, cold and non-elastic. In all cases the secretion con- 
tained in the seminiferous ducts become devoid of spermatic 
granules and spermatozoa. 

The effects of wasting are analogous to castration — a blight 
is thrown over the entire reproductive system ; there is a de- 
rangement ; the entire body is out of gear; effeminacy stamps 
itself upon every tissue, every act, every evolution; degeneracy 
sets in ; the voice loses its masculine tone ; the beard falls off ; 
lie becomes ambitionless ; moping; melancholic; the mind 
suffers, droops ; intellect becomes chaotic. 

It would, therefore, appear that normal testes, with a secre- 
tion and absorption of vitalized semen, make the man, the 
nation; it imparts a value and importance to all things human. 
What means have the medical profession at their command 
to arrest this national malady? 

The removal of many of the causes enumerated is impracti- 
cable, such as injuries to the vital organs, chronic cases of vari- 



g22 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

cocele, but masturbation, perversion of the sexual act, bicycle 
exercise, admit of removal. 

Masturbation can be radically cured by the administration 
of the tincture of the green root of gelsemium ; spermatorrhea, 
or a weeping penis, by salix nigra orally, by suppository and 
bougie; varicocele, difficult to eradicate, but often yields to 
ambrosia orientalis, orally, by suppository and bougie, with 
bathing with witch-hazel and mechanical support; complete 
impotency and sterility by matricaria, protoneuclein, c. p. 
solution of spermim that vitalized brain elixir, which stimulates 
the growth of all glands, besides being an active brain pabulum. 
If there be a mother-cell left in the testes, there is hope of a cure 
upon these remedies. 

TETANUS, MICROBE OF (Garden Earth).— Inoucla- 
tion of garden earth, spring or fall, into any mammalia induces 
tetanus. And the bacilli found in their blood is identical with 
that found in man. 

The diagnosis of the disease as seen in man, the history of 
the case, even if carefully examined, shows nothing, for a 
wound, a scratch, an abrasion, into which garden earth enters, 
may not exist, as the microbe can be carried by towels or cloth- 
ing which have accidentally fallen on the ground, through 
slight abrasions. The spasm of the vountary muscles begin 
ning at the jaws (trismus) ; or involving the muscles of the 
front part of the body (emprosthotonos) ; or the muscles of the 
side (pleurosthotonos) ; or the muscles of the back, patient rest- 
ing on occiput and heels (opisthotonos) ; intellect clear, corru- 
gations of the muscles of the brow, all in a state of chronic con- 
traction. 

A microscopical examination of the blood shows that it con- 
tains rods very fine, like thread-worms, mostly collected in 
irregular masses, with characteristic spore formation. 

The germ bears culture well in beef broth — growing 
stronger — more vigorous after each culture. These cultures 
injected into animals reproduce the original disease, the germ 
is therefore both contagious and infectious; it has a definite 
period of incubation and activity, depending upon the vital 
force of the individual inoculated. Active symptoms appear- 
ing twenty-four, forty-eight, seventy-two hours after an abra- 
sion rarely survive over the fifth day ; but if it is from nine to 
thirteen days in appearing, much more hopeful. Highly con- 
tagious and infectious. The habitat of the germ is the blood, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 923 

but its ptomain excretion or alkaliodal tetanin poison is spent 
upon the medulla oblongata. Some clainm, where much garden 
earth enters, that the integrity of the medulla may be destroyed 
before the germ really has time to form spores in the blood. 

The present theory of the origin of tetanus, then, is that the 
bacillus derived from garden earth is localized at the point of 
inoculation — that a ptomain poison is generated at that spot, 
which is absorbed in the blood, giving rise to the muscular 
contractions characteristic of the disease — the medulla is irri- 
tated, patches of congestion visible on the cord; the microbe 
becomes very virulent in the blood, affecting chiefly the motor 
nerves and voluntary muscles, giving rise to prolonged tetanic 
action, commencing in the jaw, back of the neck and extending 
to all the muscles of the body. Spasms are of a toxic nature, 
as the disease advances succeed each other, with slight inter- 
mission, and near the close, as life ebbs out, fever, frequent 
respirations and pulse rate. It is a true pathogenic microbe, 
which has the medulla oblongata for its centre. 

First of all we must have a body whose vitality is weakened, 
and an irritation in or external to the body, such as a lacerated 
wound, some damage done to a sensitive sensient nerve, — the 
thrust of a rusty nail, an injury slight in itself, but whose force 
is spent upon tissues whose vitality is lowered. 

The incubation of this germ is of very brief duration, as is 
seen in its toxin giving rise to increased nerve excitation. 

Tincture of lobelia; tincture of capsicum; tincture of xan- 
thoxylum ; tincture of American valerian, of each two ounces ; 
mix. Dose : Teaspoonful after teaspoonful to be given at short 
intervals. Every two hours ten grains periodate aurum should 
be administered. 

THALLIN. — Very powerful antiseptic; lowers heat, pulse, 
respiration, more eectually than antipyrin or kairin. Makes 
an abortive injection in gonorrhea, destroying the germ in 
all cases. Dose, four to ten grains every three hours. 

The sulphate and tartrate kills all microbes ; one-half per cent 
solution destroys the gonococci of gonorrhea. 

Thallin is an ingredient of the Chian turpentine mistura, 
which has effected such marvelous results in the cure of can- 
cers. Its presence intensifies its microbicide properties 
immensely. 

Remarkably successful in the eradication and destruction 
of the gonococcus, in the form of a thallin bougie : first, urethra 



924 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

washed out with the ozonized distillation of eucalyptus several 
times daily, and a thallin bougie inserted on retiring and 
retained until dissolved, at any stage, acute or chronic, the only 
essential condition being that gonococci exists in the discharge. 

In all cases the micrococci entirely disappear ifrom the 
urethra. It is best to continue treatment for a few weeks at 
least. 

Drawing conclusions from clinical cases, we strongly 
indorse the thallin bougies as one of our best therapeutic 
applications. Its use causes the rapid disappearance of the 
gonococcus without any irritation and no complication of any 
kind. 



THROAT. — Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
throat, more or less extensive, is an affection common in 
children in some parts of the year. The severity of the trouble 
varies from simple sore throat to most serious types of disease. 
Its causes may depend upon various conditions. Improper 
clothing, exposure to cold, wetting of the feet, exposure to 
draughts, especially of the back part of the neck, or confine- 
ment in poorly ventilated rooms, are among the predisposing 
causes. In the severe forms of throat trouble, however, the 
presence of a specific germ is necessary to bring about the 
condition. 

In simple sore throat the affection is usually ushered in by 
a slight fever, attended with headache and pain and itching 
in the throat, which may extend to the ears. Sometimes the 
temperature is as high as 103. The constitutional disturb- 
ance in children is quite marked, and the hearing is frequently 
affected. Upon examination it will be seen that the mucous 
membrane of the throat presents a congested appearance. The 
pain suffered by the little one is sometimes quite severe. The 
treatment best adapted to relieve this condition is the applica- 
tion of fomentations to the throat, followed by cold compresses, 
or even an ice-bag. The pain is greatly relieved by the gar- 
gling of hot water or hot saline or boracic acid solution. Fre- 
quently the holding of bits of ice in the mouth will control the 
inflammation even better than the hot applications internally. 
We' have found in our own experience that alternating the use 
of ice and hot water by gargling gives the best results. Next 
most common to simple sore throat, we find little ones suffering 
from attacks of tonsillitis. This may be simple superficial 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 925 

inflammation of the tonsils, or it may assume the follicular 
variety, which is attended by more severe constitutional symp- 
toms. The causes are much the same as those cited as pro- 
ducing 1 simple inflammation, although the probabilities are 
strong that in this case the presence of a germ of a more or less 
virulent character is responsible for the severe suffering attend- 
ant upon this condition. The constitutional symptoms are 
very marked. There will be severe pain in the head and limbs ; 
also the patient complains of suffering in the back, chilly sen- 
sations, attended by considerable rise of temperature, often 
reaching 104 or 105, which continues for four or five days; a 
great deal of pain in the throat, aggravated by an attempt to 
swallow. 

Sometimes the tonsils are swollen to such an extent that it 
is almost impossible to swallow, and even respiration is inter- 
fered with. There will be deafness, due to pressure upon the 
Eustachian tubes. If the little one complains of roaring in 
the ears, it may be well to give special attention to these organs, 
as it is not infrequent that inflammation of the middle ear 
attends this disease. It is noticeable that tonsillitis occurs 
most frequently in places where the atmosphere is rendered 
impure by defective drainage and where the drinking-water 
is contaminated, and it is no doubt true that the specific germ 
is often conveyed from one person to another. 

Prevention is better than cure. Parents should observe 
following rules, the observance of which will obviate many 
attacks of serious illness, and often, we believe, life will be 
spared thereby : 

"1. As to very young children and infants : 

"(a) Make it a rule that no one shall kiss the baby or child, 
and to this rule not even the dearest friend should form an 
exception. 

"(b) If the child be old enough to understand, this should 
be impressed upon its little mind; it will soon become a rule 
with it not to kiss. 

"(c) No one of the immediate family should kiss the child 
upon the lips; the cheek is the proper place therefor. 

"(d) The greatest care must be exercised by all persons 
having the care of children as to the cleanliness of their own 
person, especially of the hands (the finger-nails) and of the 
mouth and throat. 

"(e) No cloths must be used about the infant's mouth or 
nose that are not especially kept for that purpose (no hand- 



926 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

kerchiefs that have been used by adults, carried in pockets, used 
as dust, rags, etc. ) . 

"2. Older children : 

"(a) They must be taught not to kiss other children. 

"(b) Not to take bites from the sweetstuff of other children, 
nor to allow other children to take bites from theirs; a piece 
may be broken off and generosity and kindliness thus shown, 
but under no condition must a bite be allowed. 

"(c) Coming in from school or play, the child's hands should 
be well cleansed (with soap and water) before articles of food 
are taken hold of. 

"(d) Children should be taught (and this can be done with 
children from two and a half or three years and onwards) to 
gargle twice daily, on rising in the morning and on retiring 
at night, with a solution of boroglycerid. 

"The cleansing of the mouth and throat at night, just before 
going to bed, is of the greatest importance; one reason, and a 
very important one, is that at night the bacteria are not liable 
to dislocation, to be washed away, as throughout the day, and 
can therefore work their mischief better." 

It is also true that there is a predisposition to attacks of ton- 
silitis in children of rheumatic parentage; indeed, all throat 
troubles are more frequent in persons having this tendency. 

Concerning the treatment for this trouble, it is better that 
the child be confined to bed, and that it partake of a very light 
diet, as soups, milk, eggs, gruel, or milk toast. The bowels 
should be caused to act freely. The application of cold com- 
presses to the throat is particularly efficacious for this form 
of throat disease. The use of the ice-bag, when it can be 
obtained, is even better than the simple cold compress. If the 
compress must be depended upon, it should be frequently 
changed, in order that it may be kept cold. The effect of the 
cold is more marked if it is alternated with heat every two or 
three hours, in the form of fomentations, which should be 
applied as hot as can be borne, but continued only a short time 
— not longer than fifteen or twenty minutes, then the cold 
should be resumed. In case suppuration takes place in the ton- 
sils, as is the case in quinsy, when it is found that the inflam- 
mation cannot be aborted by the use of the cold, heat should 
be applied continuously, to hasten the process. Sometimes the 
vapor from an ordinary kettle filled with hot water or lime 
water, to which has been added benzoin, paregoric, hops, or 
carbolic acid, is very soothing. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 927 

It is well, where there are several children in the family, 
to isolate the patient. This caution is especially important 
in that form of tonsillitis in which there are small white points 
on the throat. Even though it is not diphtheritic in character, 
we have known it to affect, successively, nearly all the children 
of a family. 

Sore Throat. — This may depend on cold, or some simple 
irritation, but most generally mercury, syphilis, tuberculosis, 
smallpox, the microbes of pneumonia and bronchitis, scarlet 
fever, foul air or sewer gas. In all forms the breath is germ 
laden. 

The case must be treated according to cause. Tonics and 
alteratives, gargles of chlorate of potassa and tannic acid ; 
solutions of boroglycerid, or resorcin; hydrastis and borax. 
Every possible means to improve the general health, and insani- 
tary surroundings. 

The mouth and nasal passages terminate in the fauces, a 
hotbed of disease germs. What is termed sore throat is a 
morbid condition of the mucous membrane of the fauces, fol- 
licles and glands, scattered over its surface. Sore throats are 
common from changes of temperature, disease germs, per- 
verted nutrition; each attack weakens, affords a liability to 
recurrence, induces chronicity, with tickling, dryness, difficulty 
of deglutition; granulations stud the membrane, it becomes 
rough, uneven, irregular in patches; when mucous follicles of 
the larnyx are involved, huskiness of voice. 

Just at this point the ozonized oil of thuja is a sovereign 
remedy ; administer it internally, it does good service ; paint the 
oil over the fauces, and use it as a spray, the granulations peel 
off; sore throat disappears. Just here it is worthy of a trial. 



THYMOL. — A stearoptene contained in Thymus vulgaris. 

Therapeutic Use. — An excellent bactericide. 

Preparations and Doses. Thermolodyne, an efficacious ger- 
micide. Each fluidram contains one-sixteenth of a grain of 
thymol; one-eighth of a grain of carbolic acid. With boro- 
glycerid, 10 grains; benzoic acid, 5 grains; syrup of Tolu, 1 
dram. Mix. Give at a dose. 

Solution of thymol for spray: thymol jelly to disinfect the 
hands ; pastils ; ointment. 



928 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

THYROID. — The expressed juice of the thyroid gland of 
the finest-selected young lambs, preserved by negative ozone, 
is one of the most valuable remedies in the materia medica. 
Its use as a medicinal agent has been attended with the most 
brilliant and striking results, and made a decided impression 
upon the minds of all true physicians and philanthropists. 

The important discovery that mvxedema, sporadic cretin- 
ism, gaping idiocy, feeble-mindedness, imbecility and a very 
large percentage of cases of insanity were developed simply by 
a partial deficiency, or entire absence, of this secretion in the 
human body. 

These important deductions were made, that if this gland 
was blighted or removed some of these morbid conditions or 
others similar in kind would put in an appearance. 

The results obtained from the administration of the ozonized 
thyroid-gland extract, in these and many other analogous 
states, attest the vast importance of this agent. 

The juice of the thyroid gland is one of the most impor- 
tant secretions in the body, and plays an important part in the 
development and growth of every tissue, gland and organ. It 
is a potent remedy, having immense, prodigious power in con- 
structing, building up the human body. Its energizing effects 
are great, far reaching, for it renews mental as well as physi- 
cal activity, makes the mind active, restores memory, retards 
the approach of age. 

Administer from five to fifteen drops daily of this thyroid 
extract to a myxedematous patient; the metabolism of the 
body increases in a most remarkable manner, bodily weight 
diminishes, the appetite improves, the consumption of food 
increases, temperature rises, facial expression becomes normal. 
all the apathy and the stupid expression passes off. The 
patient so changes, that recognition by old friends is even 
difficult. 

Sporadic cretinism, idiocy, feeble-mindedness, the outcome 
of alcoholic conception, is simply a form of myxedema. When 
the dwarfed idiot becomes the subject of thyroid medication, 
the results are startling in the extreme. Children who have 
ceased to grow in stature for years rapidly respond to the 
remedy, and the mental capacity brightens as the body develops 
— that is, when the individual is under twenty-one years of age. 

In the large majority of cases of insanity it acts well, and 
when actively persevered with completely eradicates the defect 
— on the borderland, not insane, not imbecile, but unable to- 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 929 

"hold their own in the battle of life, but fall into vice by reason 
of weak intellect, the remedy does well in experienced hands, 
with an organized effort. 

Nearly all the school-boys that are termed dull, stupid by 
their teacher possess the germ of genius latent, which our pres- 
ent system does not develop; but give him thyroid extract, its 
evolution is sure. 

Thyroid extract is an important element of growth of every 
organ in the body — administered to the young, bony growth 
is rapid; it is an unexcelled remedy in ununited fractures. 
It promotes brain growth, as is seen in the vivacity of thought, 
brilliancy of the eye, elasticity of the step, retentiveness of the 
memory, growth of the hair. All who take this extract of thy- 
roid have a luxuriant growth of hair upon the scalp which 
before looked like polished ivory. 

To obtain these results, small doses, kept up at regular inter- 
vals of time — never administer carelessly. Once a decided 
effect is produced upon the condition, a few drops every other 
day, once or twice a week, just sufficient to maintain a healthy 
condition. 

Thyroid extract excites, rouses into action every gland in the 
body, promotes a free secretion — it is the greatest and safest 
of all galactagogues — it has a splendid effect in all those 
hitherto chronic and often incurable cutaneous affections, such 
as lepra and psoriasis. 

Thyroid feeding has been recommended as a cure for obesity, 
the present age. 

The lamb extract is a remedy of great power, highly errica- 
■cious in reducing weight — its primary action is to increase 
all the vital elements of the body; its secondary action is to 
annihilate and eliminate all the non-vital. Adipose tissue, 
"being a non-vital element, is removed. The highest degree 
of life obtainable is where all non-vital elements are obliter- 
ated. 

In its use watch the condition of the heart very carefully, 
and use only the ozonized extract of the lamb's thyroid — 
never the dried, shredded or tablets. Never use the bogus, 
the so-called active principle termed iodothyrin, or thyrocol. 
Such preparations are not creditable to the scientific status of 

THYROID EXTRACT, OZONIZED.— Myxedema, spo- 
radic cretinism, feeble-mindedness, idiocy, nervous diseases, 
loss of memory, physical deformity, phrenal softening, which 



930 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

have received so much attention by the leading physicians of 
the present age, point to the conclusion that profound changes 
in the whole body take place and are associated with either an 
absence or atrophy of the whole thyroid gland. 

Continued, never-failing success attends the exhibition of 
this extract in the treatment of the above diseases, and of all 
others in which a failure of the vital forces is present, in all of 
which a renewal of life is indicated. 

Such success attends the use of the remedy that it will doubt- 
less extend the sphere of its usefulness. 

The administration of the thyroid extract prevents race 
deterioration and decay. This is well illustrated in its adminis- 
tration in cases of obesity. Nearly all cases of feeble-minded- 
ness, myxedema, cretinism, idiocy, are characterized by stout- 
ness and hebetude of mind. After taking thyroid extract, 
they show a marked decrease of weight and intellectual bright- 
ening. It is an excellent remedy for obesity, as it acts on the 
neurotrophic and vasomotor systems, increasing their force, 
regulating the amount of blood sent to each glandular organ, 
powerfully affecting the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice, 
and thus stimulating the metabolic functions of the body. In- 
creased activity of secretion means less adipose tissue. 

The first dose of the ozonized thyroid extract relieves the 
heaviness, the oppressed breathing, the clouded brain, the slow- 
ness of thought and action which are the characteristics of the 
stout. 

Thyroid extract has been thoroughly tested in insanity, and 
the value of this treatment has been demonstrated to be 
immense in the mental affections due to myxedema. The value 
of the thyroid extract in all forms of insanity associated with 
goitre is most striking. 

In mania, the thyroid operates as a rebuilder of vital tissue. 

To the raving mania of the masturbator, it acts well, but 
its action must be strengthened by large doses of green root 
tincture of gelsemium and c. p. solution of spermin. 

The exhibition of thyroid extract is attended with excellent 
results in complete alopecia areata, causing a profuse sprouting 
of hair on the scalp and eyebrows. 

With thyroid extract and c. p. solution of spermin, the 
most remarkable advances have been made in the cure of all 
pathological conditions. 

Xcellent authority of the present day think that goitre, and 
the class of mental diseases dependent on it, may be due to an 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 931 

infecting agent acting on the thyroid gland, the nervous sys- 
tem, or both, and elaborated in the patient's own body — that it 
might be due to a toxic neuritis of the medulla oblongata and 
adjacent structures. This may or may not be the case, but 
nothing can efface the wonderful results obtained in mental 
wreck by the use of the thyroid. The glycerin extract is the 
best form. 

The ozonized glycerin extract of the thyroid gland is a 
preparation that has performed some most remarkable cures in 
chronic, hopeless and incurable cases, especially in restoring 
mental, sexual and physical vigor. 

We have now isolated the active principle "thyroidin," 
from fresh and carefully selected glands, and put it up in the 
form of compressed tablets, a most elegant and effective form 
of administration. These tablets, from their shape and size, 
are easily swallowed, disintegrate quickly and are taken with- 
out difficulty. Each tablet equals ten drops of the extract. 

Whatever be the function served by thyroid secretion in the 
animal economy, whether it aids in the evolution or originating 
of the organic cell, or in blood formation, proteid metabolism, 
or whether it supplements the action of other glands in promot- 
ing growth, overcoming atrophy, congenital deficiency and 
feeble-mindedness, whatever it may be, it is a remedy of mar- 
velous power, as a constructor, a builder, a restorer of general 
nutrition, especially of the cerebral pulp. 

The administration of the ozonized thyroid extract in myxe- 
dema, cutaneous diseases, epilepsy, paralysis, gaping idiocy, 
and all mental defects, marks an era in the progress of medi- 
cine — being most efficacious in all diseases, but especially in 
those in which either a physical or mental defect exists. 

There is a profound alteration in the nutrition of every tissue 
by thyroid feeding. A change is set up in the character of 
the nutritive changes of the blood and in the infusion of ner- 
vous energy. 

This remedy is of unusual interest to the American nation, 
because our snores are the dumping ground of the lowest ele- 
ments of European degradation, squalor, vice, drunkenness, 
and licentiousness. From this class, according to the census 
of 1890, there were over 100,000 idiots, lost and neglected; 
blighting the homes of thousands. 

Thyroid feeding will overcome all this, wipe out the 
microbe-laden brains, and overcome the beastly propensities, 
and substitute intellectuality. The action of thyroid extract 



93 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

is greatly aided by either c. p. solution of spermin or kephalin. 
The thyroid extract, the originator of growth of all normal 
tissue, is a remedy unexcelled in its action. 

As puberty approaches, and growth becomes complete, the 
well-developed testes make the man, and the well-nourished 
ovaries the woman. 

Careful analysis of the ovarian and testicle secretion shows 
that they are chemically identical in composition. C 2 H* 3 N 
thus corresponds to the c. p. solution of spermin. 

The ovarian and spermatic secretions are presided over by 
the sympathetic nervous system, upon which depends the per- 
formance of all vital functions, consequently both ovaries and 
testicles are largely influenced by emotions, desires, affections, 
passions, and they in turn are influenced by them, so that fear, 
anger, joy, sorrow are capable of arresting this function. 

In order, therefore, to maintain the harmonious action of the 
whole organism of both sexes, it is necessary that both testes 
and ovaries should have full development and functional 
activity. These organs and their secretion are essential to the 
well-being of the individual, for when they happen to become 
either disused or damaged or exhausted, they exercise a potent 
influence in wrecking the brain and nervous system. 

The use of spermin, therefore, in the treatment of all devia- 
tions from health, in all states in which a want of vitality 
exists, especially in the reproductive glands of both sexes, is 
an imperative necessity. 

It is a remedy which is indicated whenever the powers of life 
are feeble — in prostration; in sexual frigidity; in impotence 
and sterility. 

Whatever other functions may be subserved by the thyroid 
secretion in the animal economy, whether in blood formation, 
proteid metabolism, or as supplementing the action of other 
organs, we cannot now doubt that all its more important func- 
tions are due to a secretion, which can be separated, though 
not as yet in a pure state. This is abundantly shown by thefact 
that the symptoms and deleterious results of atrophy, con- 
genital deficiency, or removal can be averted or cured by a 
substance chemically separated, and introduced by the stomach. 
This fact, if it threw no other light on the physiology of the 
thyroid, serves to abolish all the theories grounded on the 
view that it acts by the removal of a poisonous substance from 
the blood, or by transforming mucin into "colloid" within the 
gland. True, it does not prove that no such action is exerted 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 933 

by the substance within the blood or tissues, but it minimizes 
the previous observations as to the accumulation of mucin, 
etc., in the blood as explaining any part of the pathology of 
myxedema. And if, as seem probable, the essential constit- 
uent of the secretion should prove to be of the nature of a fer- 
ment, the usefulness of the colloid material will also be nega- 
tived. 

TIN OLEATE. — For reedy finger-nails; makes them 
smooth and gives them a high polish. Local ; apply several 
times a day, but chiefly at night. 

TIRED EYES. — The eyes, although merely an optical in- 
strument, by and through which the brain sees the external 
world, are in themselves liable to suffer from exhaustion and 
their nerve supply exhausted. 

It is not so much overwork of the seeing apparatus that 
causes sympathetic nervous disease, as a weakened and con- 
gested condition of the brain centre, the organ of perception. 
A diseased state of this part of the brain is sure to affect the 
pneumogastric and spinal accessory nerves, and through them 
the workings of various organs. 

Thinking will tire the eyes, especially when the imagination 
is excited, almost as much, if not more, than their prolonged 
use on near work. A diseased state of any of the sensory or- 
gans will increase the susceptibility of the ocular apparatus. 

In ocular neurasthenia, where the eyes are diverting and 
consuming more nerve force than can be spared to them, and 
the patient is nervous and debilitated as a consequence, do not 
put on glasses to encourage him to go on working an overtired 
organ by relieving the pain of nature's protest, but tell him to 
cease using his eyes intellectually for a time, to stop thinking, 
and avoid all mental activity as far as possible. 

Go to the sea- or lake-shore, or, barring that, to some long, 
level stretch of country, where the eye can reach out over a 
vast expanse of blue water or green turf, beautiful and still, 
resting unteased by rapidly moving objects, which call for con- 
stant efforts at accommodation. 

Day-dreaming in a breezy atmosphere is the best tonic- for 
tired eyes and minds. It provides for organic rcuperation, 
and a storing up of fresh supplies of nervous energy. 

Glasses are useful where there are actual errors of vision, 
but they are too often prescribed for eyes which are tired be- 



934 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

cause the brain centre is exhausted. In such cases it is the 
constant effort to give attention, and to concentrate the mind, 
which is at fault ; so that it is better to prescribe rest, kephalin, 
avena sativa and matricaria. 

TOBACCO SMOKING.— The many questions concerning 
the good and bad effects of smoking seem incapable of scientific 
settlement. The pros and cons are ever at war, and in the 
mean time the world goes on smoking more than ever. 

Probably the first distinction to arise in mind is that relat- 
ing to age, and few observant persons would deny that in the 
young smoking is not only not beneficial, but is positively the 
reverse. No boy should be allowed to smoke under any cir- 
cumstances whatever. More than this, we believe that in 
young men it is indeed of very doubtful use. The qualification 
of personal peculiarity, of mental and physical make-up, rises 
just here. Certain it is that tobacco is more surely of good 
service in the elder man — in proportion as one approaches or 
has passed what might be called the psychologic menopause. 

The next most important consideration is as to amount. 
Moderation is the first condition of the benefit to be gained 
from any good thing. The man who permits use to grow 
into abuse finds the most innocent thing may become the most 
pernicious. It is surely so as to smoking. To smoke all the 
time is -to lose the good and the pleasure of smoking a little, 
and quickly changes the benefit into harm. We believe no 
fairly normal person of mature years was ever hurt in mind or 
body by the equivalent of three cigars a day smoked at the 
proper time. Six cigars or pipefuls a day we should say 
would be excessive or immoderate use. 

The Use of Tobacco. — Much representation and actual 
absurdity are taught in speaking of the tobacco problem. Sur- 
reptitious smoking is a constant source of trouble to parents. 
Normal individuals have no craving for either tobacco or al- 
cohol, but weak, irritable, worried, suffering from indoor life, 
overwork or bodily or mental or chronic laziness. To the 
growing youth tobacco is a rank poison ; also to poor, tired, un- 
derfed, overworked and worried humanity, vital function and 
capacity. The action of nicotin in arresting growth is 
remarkable. Mental decrepitude, effeminate, deteriorating. 
That nicotin will so affect the ovum or its fertilizing sper- 
matozoon that the product of conception is some monstrosity. 
Some people are so selfish ! What would dime museums do, 
if it were not for monstrosities! Besides, the innocent cigar- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 935 

ette is not going around squirting nicotin in the neighbor- 
hood of ova or spermatozoa ; she is far too modest for that ! 
Others, almost too numerous to mention (just common fool 
doctors, most of them), assert that they have seen the infant, 
the child, the man, stunted in growth, physically and mentally, 
by tobacco ; but then it is plain that there is no mathematical 
formula by which such an assertion can be demonstrated, and 
so it is really not worth while considering. It is alleged also, 
by other witnesses of the same sort, that the use of tobacco 
weakens the eyesight and is responsible for a large proportion 
of the eases of imperfect vision that seem to multiply as the 
use of the innocent little cigarette increases ; but, again, how 
are they going to prove that? — and besides, some people look 
well in spectacles, in fact, it gives the young an air of wisdom 
that is often quite overcoming. Then, too, the poor opticians 
deserve some consideration, don't they? 

It is incredible, but yet it is true, that more of the same kind 
of prejudiced observers claim that tobacco has an injurious 
effect upon the heart ; indeed, some have gone so far as to pre- 
tend that not a few of the sudden deaths are due to it. 

Analysis of tobacco-smoke shows it to be composed of water, 
free carbon, ammonia compounds, carbonic acid and nicotin. 
The last is a complex substance, which, when analyzed, is 
found to contain a fluid alkaloid — nicotin proper — a volatile 
substance containing ammonia and a bitter, resinous extract. 

The effect of these substances on the blood is to render it 
thinner and paler. The number of red blood-cells is dimin- 
ished, their form being also changed and their oxygen-carry- 
ing power lessened. 

The effect upon the heart is to produce functional derange- 
ment producing irregularity of action. 

The nervous system is also affected, the sight is impaired by 
the poisons, causing paralysis of the nerves controlling the 
muscles of the iris. In extreme cases, convulsions and par- 
alysis occur as a result of the action of the poisons upon the 
nervous system. The secretions are also disturbed and as a 
result there is frequently a distressing oversecretion of the 
salivary glands. These secretions, being frequently swal- 
lowed, produce irritation of the stomach, and as a result dys- 
pepsia and loss of appetite. 

The teeth become discolored from the deposit of free carbon 
upon them. The free carbon is also inhaled into the lungs, 
causing an irritation. 

Tobacco cautiously used is certainly a charming pleasure in 



936 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ripe manhood, and a solace in old age, and is rather beneficial 
than otherwise to thousands of healthy but careworn and toil- 
worn people, and also to tens of thousands of soldiers, sailors, 
and other idle people on whose hands time hangs heavily. 

Neither striplings with Unformed constitutions, nor weakly, 
growing youths should venture to either smoke or chew, be- 
cause in yOuth the vital centres are all unripe and delicate, and 
the mucous membranes are then marvelously hypersensitive to 
the effects of smoking and chewing; and if a growing boy's, 
or an undeveloped, puny youth's mucous membranes absorb 
-either nicotin or the empyreumatic oil of tobacco it poisons 
liis springs of life, and stunts his development mentally, 
:morally, and physically. 

Tobacco cannot be safely used in any form in boyhood or 
early youth, and smoking before the eighteenth year cuts off 
-from many a youth half his stamina, and lessens all his natural 
talents and attributes. 

Tobacco is prophylactic against all contagious diseases by 
its stimulating action on the salivary glands ; its excessive use 
predisposes to relaxation of all involuntary muscular tissue. 

Many brainworkers suffer from inability to sleep. This is 
frequently met with among those who work late at night. 
The sufferers complain that they' feel most lively just when 
the time for retiring has come, and that a long period of rest- 
lessness precedes a troubled slumber, from which the slightest 
noise awakens them. This is very often caused almost en- 
tirely by an overindulgence in tobacco. They smoke just be- 
fore going to bed, ignorant of the fact that not only may to- 
bacco prevent sleep temporarily, but may render it less deep, 
and consequently less refreshing. A grave responsibility at- 
taches to those who lightly seek to relieve a symptom which is 
really a warning by recourse to a dangerous palliative. The 
inability to sleep is often merely the outcome of an unnatural 
mode of life, and if this be corrected the disability disappears 
of itself. 

Men who work late are commonly addicted to the tobacco 
habit. To them tobacco is not a relaxation after a day's work, 
but a nerve stimulant which enables them to accomplish tasks 
which would otherwise be difficult of accomplishment. When 
the mouth becomes dry, alcohol in some form or other is re- 
sorted to, as a fillip to enable the smoker to tolerate still an- 
other cigar or two. Under these circumstances, tobacco acts 
as a cerebral irritant, and interferes with the vasomotor 
centres of the brain to such an extent that the vessels are un- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 937* 

able to adjust themselves forthwith to the condition required 
for healthy and untroubled sleep. Discretion in tobacco use 
would save many from this distressing condition of chronic 
insomnia. Smoking early in the day should be discounte- 
nanced, and it is equally undesirable within an hour or so of 
retiring to rest. The best remedy for the tobacco habit, short 
of total abstention, is to take a short walk in the open air after 
the last pipe. 

TOLU (Comp. Ozonized Syrup). — Composed of balsam 
of Tolu and Peru, and dioxide of hydrogen and resorcin. Has 
been found of great utility in malaria, scarlet fever, diphtheria, 
bronchitis, and other maladies dependent upon the presence of 
a disease germ. 

It is an active microbicide, promptly arrests those fearful 
disorders of defervescence by annihilating the disease germ 
and neutralizing its ptomain. 

Dose. — From a few drops up to one-half a teaspoonful fre- 
quently repeated. 

TONGO. — Tonga is the name given to a fluid extract of a 
special combination of the roots and leaves of several plants. 

Therapeutic Uses. — Introduced for intense neuralgia. Its 
efficacy has been well tested by conpetent authority. 

TONGUE. — Organ of taste, speech, and indicator of the 
state of the alimentary canal (see Diagnosis). It is believed 
that the coat on the tongue so often observed in perfectly 
healthy individuals is largely due to excessive proliferation of 
the hair-like appendages of the filiform papillae rather than to 
any extraneous deposit. Some persons have a greater ten- 
dency to this overgrowth than others, and it is found less fre- 
quently with advancing years. In disease it is not to be re- 
garded as an indication of the condition of the alimentary tract 
as popularly supposed, though it is nearly always present in 
acute diseases, whether involving the digestive system or not. 
In chronic cases it is not nearly so constant, being often absent 
even in chronic gastritis. On examination of the deposit from 
a large number of cases it was found that there was no ap- 
preciable variation in character in different diseases, and that 
the average proportions of epithelial cells, bacteria, mold, por- 
tions of food, and leukocytes in the mixture were fairly con- 
stant. In two diseases, however — viz., pulmonary tubercu- 
losis and gastric carcinoma— the number of leukoevtes is uni- : 



938 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

formly so large as to be a characteristic sign. The causes for 
the formation of this deposit are numerous. The mechanical 
element is of importance, for most patients are taking greatly 
decreased amounts of nourishment or subsisting largely on 
fluids, so that the normal scouring of the tongue through mas- 
tication and deglutition is interfered with. In many diseases 
there are increased formation and death of epithelial cells as a 
result of local congestion and serous infiltration — in fact, a 
desquamative catarrh which contributes largely to the coating. 
Changes in the bacterial flora of the mouth, as well as reflex 
nutritive and vasomotor impulses, also play their part, and, 
lastly, individual idiosyncrasies and the predisposition to in- 
creased growth and size of the filiform papillae must be taken 
into account. 

Independent of its coat it is an excellent criterion of the 
state of the blood and also gives information of the condition 
of the brain and nervous system ; when the tongue is under 
complete control, can be protruded promptly and decidedly, we 
know the functions of the brain and nervous system are still 
unimpaired and free. But when the tongue is tremulous, con- 
trolled with difficulty, or is inclined to one side constantly, we 
know there are cerebral complication and suffering. Immo- 
bility, trembling, and stammering are signs of cerebral torpor, 
in consequence of softening of the brain or typhoid conditions. 

TONSILS. — It is a well-known fact that individuals breth- 
ing by the nose are remarkably free from all microbic diseases ; 
whereas, in mouth breathing there is greater liability to the in- 
gress of disease germs. True, the tonsils form a sort of pro- 
tective zone to the respiratory organs against disease germs 
entering the lungs, and if in a healthy condition they do their 
work very effectually. 

From the many crypts and recesses, which open on the sur- 
face of each tonsil, there is a constant discharge of mucus, con- 
taing a large number of leukocytes, active scavengers of the 
human body, which attract and even destroy the germs in the 
atmosphere as inhaled, and which in breathing become ad- 
herent to them. 

Being very vascular, they are easily and vitally depressed by 
such agents as cold, wet and the microbes of rheumatism ; 
easily infiltrated with lymph, and to a great extent their proper 
function greatly impaired when hypertrophied, but even then 
no sane man can advocate the removal of those guardians of 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 939 

health, performing such important functions. Whether' from 
exposure or the microbe of rheumatism the tonsils once take 
on inflammation, their efficiency is greatly impaired, and there 
is a susceptibility to a recurrence spring and fall, which no 
treatment can relieve. 

Hypertrophy first, and with its advent speech, breathing, 
memory, etc., are affected, the blood is imperfectly oxygenized. 

The importance of the tonsils is not duly appreciated, if it 
were we would have a more energetic treatment of every case 
— a treatment in its acute form with aconite, belladonna, iodide 
of sulphur and occasionally iodide potassa, and, in order to 
make this treatment effectual, anesthetize the tonsils very many 
times daily, by wiping them dry and painting them over and 
over again with the jelly of violets. We claim for this treat- 
ment positive results. 

All inflammatory action ceases. If lymph has been effused, 
hypertrophy the result, anesthesia with the jelly of violets will 
cause its disintegration and absorption and restore the tonsil 
near to its normal condition. 

TONSILLITIS (Acute and Chronic). — Individuals suffer- 
ing from poverty of nerve-force, with either the microbes of 
syphilis, tubercle in the blood, are very liable when exposed to 
sudden changes of the weather, spring and fall, to depression 
of the tonsils and to quinsy or tonsillitis, in which they are en- 
larged, red, swollen ; difficulty of swallowing ; a white, con- 
crete matter seen on the tonsils ; prostration, fever, restless- 
ness ; apt to terminate in abscess, induration, enlargement. 
First either an alcoholic vapor or Turkish bath ; warm room, 
in bed, concentrated ozone over the angle of the jaw; inhale 
warm vapor of ammonia from an atomizer, gargle with either 
rescorcin or chlorate potassa or boroglycerid or peroxide of 
hydrogen. 

Administer internally aconite and belladonna and compound 
syrup Tolu, iodide potassa, periodate aurum. Paint tonsils 
every three hours with jelly of violets. 

General course of tonics and alteratives. 

During the spring and fall months inflammation of the ton- 
sils is a prevailing malady, in which many microbes, and espe- 
cially that of rheumatism, can be detected. 

General treatment for rheumatism is always in order, but an 
application to the tonsils should be invariably of a germicide 
and anesthetic character, gargling the mouth and throat with a 



94-0 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

warm solution of chlorate of carbon, wiping tonsils dry, then 
by means of a swab paint them freely with jelly of violets every 
two hours, so as to render them completely anesthetic, thereby 
aborting inflammation and the tendency to the formation of 
abscess. 

Every pathogenic microbe is liable to lodge in the tonsils, 
the micrococci of the eruptive fevers, even that of smallpox, the 
bacillus of tuberculosis; the streptococcus of diphtheria is 
often stowed away and grows in this gland. The germs of in- 
fluenza secrete themselves here and it is the hiding place of the 
pneumococcus, all or one of them ready to take on activity and 
growth the moment the resisting power is lessened. A series 
of histological examinations assert this to be correct. 

As a prophylactic to the entrance of all disease germs, the 
mouth and tonsils should be kept scrupulously free from all 
disease germs. So far we have no remedy so efficient as the 
chlorate of carbon as a gargle, and painting tonsils, uvula and 
fauces with the jelly of violets. 

The immediate consequences of repeated attacks of inflam- 
mation of the tonsils are induration and enlargement; looking 
like a ball of flesh, jutting out from each side of the mouth at 
the angle of the jaw, with rough, uneven, irregular openings. 
Enlarged tonsils have a deleterious effect upon general health, 
lowering vitality, giving rise to tuberculosis ; besides, articula- 
tion is imperfect, speech thick, guttural ; the enlarged glands 
pressing upon the entrance to the Eustachian tubes, close them 
up ; deafness often present ; in addition they are a permanent 
source of irritation. 

Apply the jelly of violets in acute, subacute and chronic ton- 
sillitis with enlargement. This is the remedy to abort, control 
inflammatory action, and excite absorption of all inflammatory- 
products- — try it — simply paint the hypertrophied tonsils with 
it every hour while the patient is awake. Under this, morbid' 
action promptly ceases. 

TOOTHACHE FROM CARIES.— Softening and decay 
of denture, causing great pain when the central pulp is reached. 
This is the most common form of toothache, and is due to 
tooth starvation, the patient's diet being devoid of phosphates. 
He eats no corn bread nor uses oatmeal, and the bony elements 
of flour are destroyed with alum and other deleterious baking 
powders. Heat and cold are also destructive; so are disease : 
germs or their micrococci in the mouth ; but the great increase- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 941 

in decay of teeth at an early period of life is due to the increase 
of nervous diseases which correlates to the deterioration of the 
teeth, each influencing, and, in a measure, causing the other. 
Besides the modern system of overstimulating the nerve force 
by a too early education, causing a defective power of assimi- 
lation and tissue formation, especially in the teeth. It may 
also be due to the malformation of enamel and bone ; to the 
use of mercury, germs of tubercle, to indigestion, improper 
care of the teeth. It may be reflex, as in pregnancy. 

Treatment. — Removal by scraping away of decayed portion 
and then stopping with gold or gutta-percha; no amalgam 
used, as it causes mercurial disease; extraction; troublesome 
hemorrhage to be arrested by washing out cavity; saturating 
cotton-wool with a solution of tannin or perchloride of iron, 
and a piece of cork to cause pressure when jaws are closed. 
The jelly of violets, insert a piece of cotton saturated with it 
promptly robs the tooth of pain. 

TOXINS. — The toxins of disease germs are each chemi- 
cally different, and have a peculiar affinity for paralyzing dif- 
ferent tissues — for example, the toxins of the bacillus of 
tubercle paralyzes the sudorific ducts of the skin; malaria, the 
brain; syphilis, the spinal cord; pneumococcus, the vasomotor 
system; scarlatinal, measles, erysipelas, etc., toxins acting on 
the cells of the kidneys produce renal inadequacy, with high 
tension. 

Toxins impair the secretory area of the kidneys, and give 
rise to persistent albuminuria ; the absence of high arterial ten- 
sion and cardioarterial changes does not negative the exist- 
ence of chronic Bright's disease. 

The great aim of all scientific treatment is to sustain the rela- 
tion between the cardioarterial system and the kidneys, which 
secures diuresis, and here comes in the value of the comp. cel- 
ery — this is its true sphere of action. 

When the arteries lose their elasticity, the heart-muscle its 
tone, high tension becomes a danger, and we have to provide 
not only for cardiac failure, but the possibility of cerebral 
hemorrhage, ocular changes and uremia, the comp. celery 
ozonized is invaluable. In kidney trouble with heart failure 
creatinin surpasses all other drugs. 

In practice Ave seek to increase the output of water, hoping 
that toxins will also be eliminated. A kidney has physical 
properties ; disease germs may pass through a healthy kidney, 
in which toxins might become imbedded. 



94 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The sudden suppression of sweat forces the toxins back into 
the blood, and the stress of their elimination falls upon the 
kidney ; dam the skin exit, the toxins of all germs fall upon the 
urinary organs and internal serous tissue. 

TRICHINIASIS. — Trichinosis is the term used to desig- 
nate a disease caused by the presence of a parasitic worm — 
the trichina spiralis — in the flesh of an animal. The informa- 
tion which most interests our readers is in relation to the pre- 
venton of the disease, as the medical treatment is unsatisfac- 
tory. 

It should be remembered that living trichina may be found 
in the flesh of any animal which eats flesh, although pork is by 
far the most common source of infection in this country. A 
microscopical examination of the meat will reveal the presence 
of trichina, but the .easiest and most certain way of avoiding 
infection is to thoroughly cook the meat. Recent experiments 
demonstrate that great stress must be laid upon the word 
"thoroughly," as it has been found that a piece of pork the 
size of one's thumb may contain living trichina after it has 
been boiled for twenty-two minutes. The smoking of pork in 
no way interferes with the life of trichina. Sausage is the 
form in which pork is most likely to cause trichinosis. This is 
due to the fact that the trichina seek those portions of the 
muscle which constitute the butcher-shop scraps, and are most 
likely to be used in making sausages. 

When it enters the human stomach in the form of uncooked 
pork it is attended with peculiar symptoms very closely re- 
sembling typhoid fever. It is thought to be peculiar to rats, 
and from them finds its way into hogs, and through the latter 
into the human body. The trichina are usually swallowed in 
imperfectly cooked pork or sausage; breed in the intestines of 
man, and after being hatched, migrate from the bowels to the 
various muscles of the body, and live upon muscular tissue. 
They are true parasites. Their presence in the muscles give 
rise to violent constitutional disturbance. The disease is be- 
coming fearfully prevalent. Scarcely a rat in our large cities 
free from it ; they often communicate the parasite to water, or 
are eaten by hogs; the flesh of the latter, and even their lard, 
being affected. It is generally conceded that they are effectu- 
ally dstroyed by a high temperature, although some doubt even 
that. Smoked or half-cooked sausages or pork are highly dan- 
gerous. They contribute greatly to the dissemination of the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 943 

disease. There can be little doubt, if this article is to remain 
a staple article of diet, that the highest kind of heat possible, 
without destruction of the meat, is the only safeguard. 

Symptoms. — These will be very variable, depending upon 
the fact whether there has been many swallowed, the number 
of their progeny, and location of their migration. They em- 
brace, however, general prostration, loss of appetie, nausea, 
diarrhea, and painful stiffness and swelling of the muscles of 
arms and legs. Pain is, no doubt, due to emigration of young 
trichina into the muscles, their colonization, multiplication, and 
encystication. Rigors, headache, high fever ; edematous 
swelling of the face and eyelids ; frequent pulse ; copious, 
offensive sweats. 

TUBERCULOSIS. — A peculiar condition of depressed vi- 
tality, in which the bioplasm of the blood, under some adverse 
condition, is changed, altered, degraded, into other living mat- 
ter, a disease germ, the tubercular bacillus, which may remain 
latent in the blood under certain conditions ; or if vital force be 
greatly shattered, it may take on an active condition in some 
weakened part of the body, as the membranes of the brain, 
synovial membranes of joints, the mesentery, bones, lungs, 
etc. 

Independent of its spontaneous production, under those ad- 
verse states, insanitary conditions, meagre, adulterated food, 
absence of sunlight, deleterious trades, disease, etc., it may 
be communicated by contagion and infection in workshops, 
sleeping apartments, places of amusement, inhalation of dust. 
In the open mouth the germ comes in direct contact with the 
tonsil, through which it can penetrate even with its epithelium 
intact. The bacillus can enter at all points through the ton- 
sillar crypts. It may be primary there, forming latent tuber- 
culosis of the tonsil, feeding or supplying the blood stream. 
The lungs, either the bronchial mucus or their substance, are 
the favorite location of the bacillus of tubercle. Bacteriologi- 
can research reveals to us that the tonsils are a remarkable 
gland, not only for absorbing the germ when floating in the 
atmosphere, but for diffusing it through the lungs, hence the 
success of treatment by inhalation when the germ enters the 
body by this channel. 

Tubercular ulceration of the larynx and bronchi, pain in 
swallowing and coughing, this form of pulmonary tuberculo- 
sis, rapid in its progress and very fatal, cured on inhalations of 



944 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

jelly of violets, guaiacol, distillate of the pine. We would in- 
sist on inhalations even in cases in which the patient appeared 
to be sinking rapidly under advancing disorganization of the 
lungs; the effect is often to arrest microbic growth and pro- 
long life. i 

Systematized treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis by loca- 
tion, by being as much as possible in the open air and sunlight, 
by baths, massage, diet to aid the medication, is most beneficial, 
having a prophylactic power to stop evolution and growth and 
eradicate the condition of depressed vitality. There are sov- 
ereign virtues in fresh air. Some climates may prolong the 
existence of the tubercular, modify nutrition, increase vitality, 
ward off complications, aid the vital forces to a cure. 

The highly rarefied climate of Colorado and Tennessee, the 
pine woods of North Carolina are desirable locations for the 
tubercular, inhibit microbic growth, vitalize both mind and 
body — they may not positively cure; the case may be beyond 
that, but they always alleviate, promote quiescence, give hopes 
by a general improvement, fever disappears, night-sweats are 
arrested, cough ceases, weight increases. 

Massage always to keep up muscular activity and assist 
nutrition. 

The best of diet, not a stuffing process; true physiological 
feeding. 

The most eminent authority in Great Britain states : Under 
depressed states of vital force; under certain adverse states 
inimical to a perfect elaboration of blood and nerve tissue, as 
meagre or insufficient food, sameness of living, monotony, iso- 
lation, absence of sunlight, deleterious trades, insanitary states, 
breathing respiration, inhalation of sewer-gas, use of alcoholic 
drinks, etc., lowering' elements on both man and animals exer- 
cise a peculiar, unknown influence on the elementary products 
of the blood, which are either degraded or blighted, changed or 
altered into other living matter, with independent power of 
existence. This new evolution or change is a micro-organism, 
a disease-producing germ, which, in its development, growth 
or sporulation, excretes a ptomain, a toxical, death-dealing* 
agent. It is not the disease germ itself that kills, but its 
excreta. 

About ten years ago the bacillus of tubercle was discovered 
in the blood and tissues of men, women and children who suf- 
fered from great debility, hectic, malnutrition, emaciation,, 
meningitis, pulmonary phthisis, tabes mesenterica and tuber- 
cular joint affections. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 945 

The presence of this microbe in the blood of any individual 
Tenders them capable of disseminating it to their fellow-men. 
Essentially contagious and infectious, the sputa of all elements 
excreted spreads the disease to every part of the world. 

Up until the discovery of this germ, this pathogenic microbe, 
there were no known means of curing the disease, or rather 
killing the germ. All that could be done was simply to tone or 
strengthen the vital forces, so as to retard or prevent its 
growth. Since its discovery matters are very different. 
True, there is no cure in inoculation; it is merely a miserable 
avaricious subterfuge for gain, not for cure. 

Certain recently discovered bactericides, however, seem cap- 
able of destroying the bacillus ; those which rouse up the vital 
elements of the body, sterilize and annihilate it, and disinfect- 
ants to kill it in our houses, on the walls, furniture, clothing, 
floors, even in our public conveyances. 

For several years we have had most voluminous essays sent 
us extolling the glycerite of ozone, peroxide of hydrogen, mis- 
tura guaiacol, ozonized tar syrup, prunia, sulphur and ozone 
waters in killing the bacillus and completely neutralizing its 
ptomain and preventing fermentation in the digestive tract, 
and hindering the evolution of the germ in the blood — promote 
digestion and assimilation by stimulating the gastric and intes- 
tinal nerve filaments. Even by inhalation through the skin 
(endosmosis) their germicidal influence is exerted vigorously 
on the ptomain of the germ. 

There is real success in the treatment of pulmonary tubercu- 
losis by germicides. The germ is killed, the ptomain is neu- 
tralized, the vital forces are able to recuperate. 

When the bacillus enters the human body by the mouth, the 
tonsils become the leading receptacle for the bacillus, holds and 
disseminate it to the blood and lung. Acting on that idea, 
our readers will find that a little more attention to gargling 
frequently and prolonged inhalations of bactericides are of 
vast importance. 

On ruminating on the tonsils as a feeder, a factor in the dis- 
semination of a pathogenic microbe. 

Tubercular Effusion into the Mesentery. — The mes- 
entery, which covers the small intestines, is a blood-raising 
gland, resembling the pink marrow in function; consequently 
any irritation of its structure quickly depreciates the blood and 
produces tuberculosis and infiltration of the gland with that 
bacillus. Children, second year of life; semi-tropical climate; 



946 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the insanitary condition of cities; adulterated food products; 
fermentaton in stomach and bowels give rise to summer 
diarrhea, cholera infantum and other intestinal irritation. 

Taken altogether, cause great effusion of tubercular mate- 
rial, completely blocking up the gland, arresting its function. 

Consequently an enlargement of the mesentery, a common 
malady in American cities during the summer months, fertile 
in mortality, because impoverishment from malnutrition is 
great — there is much emaciation, fever hectic, abdominal 
symptoms quite variable, from excruciating colic to ulceration 
and perforation. 

Tabes mesenterica entails death upon many city children. 
Nevertheless much can be done in the way of prophylactic 
measures, such as bathing twice daily, followed by inunction 
with warm olive oil ; to each tablespoonful one drop of guaiacol 
could be added; this prevents tissue waste; all disturbance of 
the alimentary canal, such as fermentation and diarrhea, should 
be checked by the administration of either the sulphocarbo- 
lates of lime, soda, zinc, or by siegesbeckie tablets, dissolved 
in water ; either spices, aromatics or concentrated ozone to the 
abdomen, or a flannel roller; substitute beef juice for milk; ad- 
minister two or four grains periodate aurum at night. 

Then a selection of two, to be given alternately, of either of 
the following remedies, which should be given a fair trial : 
Dilute lactic acid; protonuclein ; c. p. solution of spermin; 
thyroid extract; mistura guaiacol or creosote. With good 
nursing, ■ country air, few cases fail to recover. 

Tubercular Effusion into Joints. — The knee, the hip, 
less frequently the wrist, and elbow are the seat of tubercular 
deposit or effusion. Some injury to a joint of a healthy in- 
dividual, especially if young; irritation long continued, weakens 
vitality, creates a tubercular diathesis, and if still prolonged 
tubercle is effused on and in the synovial membrane, carti- 
lages, bones. True the products of inflammation coalesce with 
the tubercular effusion, the joint swells, movement is impeded 
or impaired ; pain may or may not be present. If not checked 
the inflammatory and tubercular products break down. Ab- 
scesses form, pus makes its exit by several openings ; discharge 
becomes purulent; the joint becomes disorganized. The vital 
forces are seriously impaired; internal organs degenerated; 
hectic fever, diarrhea, night-sweating; anorexia; insomnia; 
death either by exhaustion or from complications. 

This teaches us to arrest promptly and efficiently all irrita- 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 947 

tion in joints. Never permitting it to be prolonged, to de- 
preciate the vital forces, and create a tubercular diathesis. 
Produce for a few clays perfect anesthesia in the injured joint; 
completely nullify pain. This can be effected by applying jelly 
of violets to the entire joint. 

Simultaneously with the application of this remedy over and 
above and below the joint inflammatory action and tubercular 
effusion cease. 

A most important point gained, if tuberculosis has not been 
engrafted on the vital functions, a course of treatment con- 
sisting of rest, massage, bathing, with comp. saxifraga and 
matricaria and good diet may be sufficient to effect a perma- 
nent cure ; but if the subercular diathesis be created, then a 
course for several months of glycerite of ozone, mistura guaia- 
col, matricaria, c. p. sol. spermin, protonuclein, thyroid extract. 

Guaiacol suppositories ; inunction of olive oil and guaiacol ; 
every known reliable means to annihilate the bacillus and neu- 
tralize its toxin. 

Hip Joixt. — Coxalgia, tubercular disease of the hip joint, 
essentially a malady of the young. Common at any age up to 
puberty, rare after, generally met with from three to twelve 
years of age. Most frequent in boys, they being more ad- 
dicted to roving habits; jumping from a height, the impetus or 
force on the head of the femur irritates the lining membrane 
of the joints giving rise to a low grade of irritation. If it 
be not tubercular at first, the irritation rapidly makes an in- 
road into the vital forces and a tubercular diathesis is created, 
to which we must add likely insanitary states ; poor or im- 
proper food ; ill-fed. The difficulty begins in one or other or 
both bones which enter into the formation of the joint. 

If case comes under treatment early with just the synovial 
membrane implicated, prognosis good; when either or both 
bones are affected, deeper seated with abscess, guarded as to 
its future. 

" A general depreciation of vital force ; first striking symptom, 
pain, referred to the knee ; some lameness ; loss of 'movement ; 
later on limb in fixed position ; thigh flexed on the abdomen 
and limb turned outwards. 

This position is assumed as it lessens pain in the joint. As 
the case progresses striking indications of tuberculosis; 
atrophy of muscles takes place; swelling of the joint becomes 
evident ; limb of affected side appears longer than the other, 
because the patient tilts the pelvis and bends the. spine to give 



948 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

greater ease in locomotion. Later on abscesses form within 
the joint, destroying its integrity; usually pus finds an exit 
through several openings in the skin; joint loses its mobility, 
and finally breaks down, caries having set. Several effects 
may follow. Under good care, skill, recovery may take 
place, with ankylosis; limb shorter than the other; it may be 
fatal from pyemia or septicemia. 

There is a distinct acute form met with in young children. 
Acute inflammation and suppuration of the hip joint; caused 
by some local irritation, and invasion of the joint with the 
micro-organism. 

Osteomyelitis is developed in the upper crust of the diaphy- 
sis of the femur. When this is the result, suppurative arthritis 
invariably follows. This form is characterized by intense 
severity, sudden in its onset and acute. 

Usually injury, lowering disease, greatly impaired vitality. 
Free opening of the joint; removal of the epiphysis and the 
affected part of the diaphysis, and the thorough application of 
germicides to the interior of the joint; drainage, counter-ex- 
tension, vitalized nutrition in every way possible. 

In young children the very beginnings of hip-joint disease 
are announced by muscular twitchings during sleep ; added to 
this, the subject is irritable, the secretions are disturbed, the 
appetite fictitious, the muscles flabby and shrunken away on 
the affected side, the countenance pale, and the signs of illness 
are very apparent. Soon follows a little limp in the gait, at- 
tended with pains in the knee or ankle joint — not often in the 
hip. These pains are at first very slight, and may escape at- 
tention unless the medical attendant is very alert. A rise of 
temperature will be sometimes noticed in the evening, and it 
may be continuous ; towards the last of this stage more or less 
spasm of the muscles will have supervened. 

Tubercular Peritonitis. — The bacillus of tubercle is oc- 
casionally effused from the peritoneal membrane, where it has 
either suffered a partial death from inflammation, or other 
causes. Met with acute and chronic. In the former symp- 
toms rapid ; in the latter bacillus less virulent, and may occupy 
months before ascites and emaciation are perceptible. 

The degree of partial death in the membrane and the aggre- 
gation of the bacillus modify the effusion. We may have a 
dry form in which hectic and rapid wasting result. In other 
cases an outpouring of lymph and flocculent serum, which may 
become purulent, producing unsymmetrical cakes of thickened 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 949 

omentum; matted coils of intestine and encapsulated purulent 
collections. The products of the bacillus may caseate and 
ulcerating- fistula may result. Tubercular peritonitis, when it 
takes place, is usually the only site of a tubercular deposit in 
the patient ; hence if the treatment be correct, a practical cure 
follows. 

The source of entrance of the germ into the weakened tissue 
is from the blood, but exceptional cases migration, either 
through the intestinal wall or through ulcerating appendicitis 
or tubal or ovarian tuberculosis. 

The theory of cure that is sustained by most facts is the de- 
struction of the bacillus, by applying over the entire abdomen 
the following mixture : Concentrated ozone, four ounces ; men- 
thol, from one to two drams; c. p. guaiacol, thirty drops; mix. 
The insertion into the rectum and vagina every three hours of 
a guaiacol suppository, at the same time glycerite of ozone and 
mistura guaiacol in such doses as the physician may direct. 

Aided by these remedies the vital forces may suppress the 
activity of the bacillus, annihilate it, or incapsulate it and re- 
move it by absorption. Modern thought points to the cure of 
tubercular peritonitis by laparotomy and irrigation with a 
warm solution of bichloride of mercury. 

TUMORS. — A morbid growth is a certain aggregation of 
living tissue, growing independently, excessively, and abnor- 
mally. The word tumor is applied to it. They seem to 
originate in an excess of certain materials in the blood, and 
some local irritation causes those materials to be exuded or 
thrown out. What the constitutional defect is, is unknown. 
They constitute a local error of formation, and they are identi- 
cal with certain constituents of the body, and not incompatible 
with a high standard of health when they are simple. They 
may grow, or remain stationary for an indefinite period, and 
latterly suffer degeneration, or excite inflammation, suppura- 
tion : or they may, by their bulk, cause obstruction, edema, 
paralysis of parts. They are devoid of pain. 

In another class of tumors we have the degraded bioplasm 
of our own bodies (a cancer germ) entering into them, and 
constituting a malignant tumor or growth, which grows by its 
own faculty of germ elaboration, and forms fresh aggrega- 
tions from the blood. They are called malignant because their 
tendency is to destruction and death; and they are alwavs 
painful. So we draw a line of demarcation between the two 



950 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

kinds of growths. Both are constitutional; that is, the ele- 
ments are in the blood, arising from some defect. In the 
simple class, the matter in excess in the blood is some of the 
normal tissues of the body, as fat, fibrous tissue, etc. ; whereas 
in the malignant class the tumor is either partly or wholly 
made up of disease germs, the degraded living matter of the 
human body ; matter changed by adverse conditions, but living 
and growing, and capable of independent existence for ages. 

Fatty Tumor. — This is composed of genuine fat tissue; 
that is, of oil globules packed in the meshes of a natural areolar 
tissue, contained in a capsule, in which blood-vessels ramify and 
supply nutrition. They generally grow in the subcutaneous 
tissue, between the skin and the muscles. They are most fre- 
quently met with below the collar-bone, body, back, neck, inside 
of the thighs, and sometimes in or among the muscles. 

In number there is generally one ; it grows slow, may attain 
an immense bulk, seldom degenerates, is free from pain, and is 
easily recognized by its soft, tabulated, doughy feel, which 
never can be mistaken for anything else. 

If the tumor is not large, in some cases (not always), the ap- 
plication of the ozonized clay has a most marvelous effect in 
causing its dissolution. It is worthy of a trial. It may be 
kept constantly applied, if it induces no redness of the skin; if 
it causes any redness, off and on at proper intervals. 

At the same time administer the ozonized phytolacca berry 
juice. 

Fibroid Tumor. — This tumor is composed of fibrous tissue, 
identical with that of the normal tendinous structures of the 
body, arranged in bands, loops, or crescentic layers. Some 
contain more blood-vessels than others, and are pinkish in 
color, but the majority of them are destitute of vessels. This 
class of tumors is found in the womb, breast, bone; when 
found in the breast they pass by the name of neuroma. They 
are firm to the feel, free from tenderness, smooth, oval, or lob- 
ulated ; of slow growth, lasting an indefinite number of years. 
It often degenerates into a stony mass, or earthy salts. 

When no larger than an orange, the application of the clay 
should be tried, keeping it steadily applied if no erythema is 
produced, and administering iodide of potassa internally. 
That failing, extirpation is the only remedy. 

Besides the above, there are often found ( i ) a subcutaneous 
tumor about the size of a pea, composed of fibrous tissue, 
which affects women, and gives rise to neuralgic pains; (2) a 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 951 

fibrocellular tumor, made up of bands of firm, white, fibrous 
tissue, infiltrated with serum; (3) fibroplastic tumor, made up 
of fibrous tissue and lymph; (4) fibrous tumor, composed of 
filaments of fibrous tissue, with naked nuclei. 

Colloid, or Gelatinous. — A substance resembling a jelly, 
of various degrees of firmness and transparency; is found in 
cysts of the thyroid gland, ovaries, and prostate. It is also 
found in stomach and bowels. 

Cartilaginous Tumors are made up of round masses 
of cartilage, imbedded in fibrous membrane. It may con- 
sist of various degrees of firmness, from very soft to as hard 
as cartilage. They are found on the fingers, joints, testicle, 
mammary glands, parotid, lungs. Their growth is slow. 

Osseous Tumors are generally found in connection with 
bone, and very little difference can be detected between them 
and true bone. 

Glandular Tumors are formed by the development of a 
substance resembling that of secreting glands. 

Sebaceus Tumors. — Wens, or encysted tumors, are most 
common on the head, face, scrotum, labia, and shoulders, and 
consist of obstructed sebaceous glands, or else of erratically 
formed cutaneous cysts. In examining them with a small 
glass, the orifice, or mouth of the gland, can be seen in the 
centre in the form of a black spot or crust. They are all lined 
internally with a serous membrane, which secretes water, epi- 
dermis, scales, hairs, nails, oil globules, and crystals of choles- 
terin, which cause the contents of the sac to resemble gruel or 
suet. The cyst is liable to accidents, which give rise to disten- 
tion, suppuration, ulceration. 

Treatment. — The cause that engenders them is irritation; so 
they never should be irritated or tampered with, and, as a rule, 
not interfered with if patient is out of health. In all cases 
they should be removed by the knife only by making an inci- 
sion through their centre, and carefully dissecting out their 
sac, for if the smallest portion be permitted to remain, it will 
give rise to a sinus and weeping. Such tumors are common 
in the breast, prostate, parotid, and thyroid glands. As a rule, 
they are painless, not tender, moderately soft, elastic, and lob- 
ulated. Extirpation is the only cure. 

Cystic Tumors are tumors consisting of a sac containing 
solid or liquid substances. They may arise by the formation 
of definite cavities in the meshes of the areolar tissue; by the 
dilatation and growth of obstructed gland duct or follicles, 



'95 2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

by the erratic development of nucleated cells, which become 
-exaggerated into cysts. Some contain serum others a jelly- 
looking substance ; some blood, others solid matter. 

Melanotic Tumors. — The term melanosis has been in- 
discriminately applied to all tumors or deposits containing 
black pigment matter. Pigment is of frequent occurrence in 
the human body, and consists in a deposit in the form of the 
minutest sepia-colored granules, of dark-brown or black ap- 
pearance. 

Tumors in the Bladder. — A large number of growths are 
developed from the walls of the bladder : warty, or polypoid 
fibrous bodies ; villous, or vascular growths, and cancerous de- 
posits. .. 4 

Whatever the nature of the growths, they give rise to symp- 
toms that resemble calculi — frequent micturition, a painful 
sense of inability to empty the bladder ; urine may be bloody, 
or purulent, or ammoniacal, or loaded with mucus. 

Cancerous deposits are the most numerous; medullary, 
epithelium, more common than scirrhous ; suffering great ; 
easily recognized by the pain anterior and posterior, the cach- 
exia, and germs in urine. 

Treatment. — -If patient is seen early, the ozonized clay has 
a marked effect over the bladder, with ozonized remedies in- 
ternally. Ozonized oil of thuja, both orally and injected into 
the bladder, with an excess of peroxide of hydrogen, does im- 
mense service in the obliteration of all growths from the blad- 
der-walls. One ounce of the oil to three of the peroxide of 
hydrogen. 

Tumors of the Breast, or Sero-cystic Disease. 

Most common among young unmarried ladies, due to ease 
and overfeeding. Globular, painless, seldom large, like a mar- 
ble ; movable serum may ooze from the nipple. Disease remains 
stationary for many years, but is prone to end in cancer. 

General Measures. — Improve the general health by using 
alteratives and tonics, saxifraga and coca, and keep the breast 
protected from all irritation. 

Fibrous tumors, due to irritation which causes an effusion of 
an adventitious amount of this substance. 

Absorption may be excited in a large percentage of cases 
with the ozonized clay, and such alteratives as saxifraga and 
Phytolacca. These failing, try a mixture of equal parts of ozo- 
nized resorcin ointment, and phvtolacca berry juice. Very 
large tumors have been effectually absorbed by this. It is 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 953 

applied daily, and the length and frequency of its application 
must be regulated by its effects — never cause any irritation is 
the rule. 

Lacteal tumors best got rid of by the application of bella- 
donna. 

Tumors of the Labia usually belong to one or the other 
of three varieties. 

First. — Encysted or sebaceous. 

Second. — Vesicular or oozing, attended with profuse, 
watery, acrid discharge. 

Third. — Warts. 

The two former should be removed; the latter will be over- 
come by the use of thuja, internally and locally. 

Vascular Tumors of the Labia, or strawberry excres- 
censes, extremely sensitive and tender, bleed freely if touched. 
Removed by touching them with solution of chloride of chro- 
mium ; ozonized oil of thuja is slow but painless, but brushing' 
it on daily or more frequent they soon wither and die and ex- 
foliate ; or chromic acid, followed by boroglycerid. Keep the 
urine alkaline by using nitrate potassa. 

Tumors. Ovarian. — Due to irritation. They are either 
serous, fibrous or sebaceous; the serous and fibrous are most 
amenable to absorption by the application of the ozonized clay 
opily. or simply apply it one day, the following apply the 
resorcin ointment and phytolacca berry juice. Time is 
wanted, with perseA'erance. — never to cause redness. The in- 
troduction daily of an aristol pastil exercises an absorbent 
salix nigra ; the salix nigra ; in form of an ozonized fluid ext. 
administered thrice daily, alternated with saxifraga. The in- 
troduction daily of an aristol pastil exercise an absorbent 
action upon ovarian enlargement. 

The sebaceous does not admit of absorption. 

Occasionally the cancer germ localizes there, which is known 
by the pain anterior and posterior. 

TURPENTINE, CHIAN, MISTURA.— Highly charged 
with ozone. 

Chian turpentine, which we use, is specially collected for us 
in the Island of Chio, from the Pistacea terebinthae. 

Emulsified thallin, resorcin, sulphur introduced, subse- 
quently negative ozone. In this form it is a powerful bacteri- 
cide, annihilating the cancer microbe; besides it does not irri- 
tate the stomach, is absorbed with great aviditv, and its germ:- 



954 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

cidal properties increased fifty per cent. As thus prepared by 
us, it is an energetic ozone producer, highly vitalizing, an 
agreeable aromatic, with an odor resembling the pinaceous tur- 
pentine. 

Its special action, when administered, passed into the blood 
tissues, is to search out the cancer germ, which it surely finds, 
and slowly, silently kills it. Under its use pain ceases, the 
tumor, or aggregation of germs, with it also dies. If there is 
an open breeding, eating surface it becomes covered with a 
characteristic grayish slough, indicating aperfect annihilation 
of the cancerous microbe. Tumors also dwindle and atrophy 
under its use. 

Directions for Use. — Dose : One teaspoonful of the Chian 
turpentine mistura three times a day, which is to be gradually 
increased to nine teaspoonfuls in twenty-four hours. 

TYPHOID FEVER. — This special pathogenic bacillus 
plays an important part in the drama of civilization. 

Its evolution, its peculiarities, its mode of growth and propa- 
gation, its prevalence at particular seasons and localities, its 
ptomain and its victims are all special subjects of study. 

Even in perfect health the typhoid bacillus is found in the 
human body, in the blood and tissues, but it is harmless because 
it will not grow until the vital force is lowered, the power of 
resistance overcome, then only have we a suitable soil on which 
it can grow and multiply. 

This micro-organism is the most diversified and widely 
spread, for we find it in our drinking water, in milk, food, in 
all albuminoid media, and even in the soil through which water 
percolates. 

In whatever way the germ enters the body, whether by con- 
tagion or infection, it can do little harm, as it will not grow 
till vital force is weakened ; let that be weakened the localiza- 
tion of the germ is at once definitely settled, namely, in the 
intestinal glands, for there it will grow in great luxuriance; 
simultaneously with its appearance in the glands of the bowels, 
we find it in the adenoid tissue, mesentery, spleen, lymphatics, 
growing luxuriantly and virulently, if the parts are in any way 
below the average. 

The growth of the microbe in the intestinal glands is the 
all-absorbing point, for it is there, during the process of sporu- 
lation, that the great chemical product is elaborated — the 
ptomain, which plays havoc with the vitality of the tissues. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 955 

The continual epithelial shedding and proliferation of the 
mucous membrane of the bowels, which takes place when the 
germ is actively at w x ork, weakens the parts, and favors addi- 
tional bacillary invasion. 

The glands of the bowel have a low grade of vitality, a 
feeble power of resistance among all highly civilized men. We 
see that when they are attacked by a similar microphyte — the 
tubercular bacillus, whose life history, and power of infiltrating 
and destroying glandular structures, are very similar to the 
typhoid bacillus. 

The entire process of life history of the typhoid bacillus, 
from its invasion to its death or disablement of the gland, is 
fourteen days — the normal duration of active fever from a 
pathogenic point of view. 

After this a new set of enemies may appear upon the scene, 
micro-organisms of various kinds; colonies of necrotic tissue 
around the glands begin to generate their peculiar toxins, and 
give rise to special symptoms after the fourteen days. 

Two weeks from the rigor, the typhoid bacillus has done 
its work, so far as the intestinal glands are concerned ; subse- 
quently we have the saphrophyte bacteria and their effects to 
deal with. 

Recent bacteriological work has forever settled the pathol- 
ogy of this fever. The catarrhal state of the bowels induced 
by the germ in the intestinal glands, the septic poisoning of the 
ptomain excreta — these phenomena with others call for a 
nutritious diet, in a liquid form, such as will be readily 
absorbed by the stomach and duodenum, and leave little to be 
done by the small intestine, 

The living germs of typhoid fever can be transmitted from 
the infected to the non-affected in a variety of ways. 

The intestinal evacuation of our affected contaminates the 
drinking water, and becomes intensified as it diffuses itself. 

Typhoid fever in many cases exists without any intestinal 
lesion, or with intestinal trouble playing a minor role in the 
disease. It is simply needy drug firms that assume that the 
essence of the disease is an intestinal ulceration. This idea is 
fast disappearing before the researches of bacteriology. 

Nevertheless, it is contagious and infectious, so that all indi- 
viduals affected should be isolated and their apartment deprived 
of everything that could retain the bacillus, carpets and rugs 
removed, the raising of dust avoided, floor oiled and daily 
mopped with a solution of formalin, and every precaution 
taken by proper disinfection. 



956 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The microbe of typhoid fever resembles, in its invasion of the 
human body, the action of many other disease germs, infec- 
tious and contagious, often epidemic ; infection too often com- 
municated directly from food, water, shellfish, milk, uncooked 
vegetables and occasionally direct infection from the patient 
to those in close proximity — personal infection being one of 
the modes of dissemination by direct contact. If sewage could 
only be prevented from entering our streams, lakes, rivers, no 
microbic affection could be more easily stamped out. As it is, 
we depend upon active germicides for its destruction and elimi- 
nation of its toxins. 

Typhoid fever must be regarded as a modified form of sep- 
ticemia, as the bacillus is found in well-marked cases in the 
blood, mesentery and spleen, Peyer's patches and the solitary 
glands of the intestines, liver, bile, brain and bone-marrow, 
kidneys, lungs, even in the petechial eruption and in all the 
excretions, sweat, saliva, fauces. 

The bacteriological origin of typhoid fever demands an anti- 
septic course of treatment, a powerful germicide to prevent 
septicemia, one which will exercise its effects on the intestinal 
canal and not on the stomach. Its action must be thorough 
disinfection of the contents of the bowels, it must also pene- 
trate the intestinal tract and enter the blood; such a remedy 
is naphthalin, such is salol, such is chlorine ; these remedies the 
intestines rapidly absorb, and pass into the blood. 

The pushing of such remedies in all cases of typhoid forms 
an admirable and successful treatment. 

One of the leading physicians of this country states the pri- 
mary action of this disease germ is to set up inflammation 
of the gland follicles of the intestines, but its activity is not 
confined to those structures, for it enters the blood; but 
whether in the blood or intestinal glands, it excretes in its 
growth, or by disintegration, a ptomain or toxin, which gives 
rise to fever, headache, prostration. 

Recognition of the fact that no remedy has yet been dis- 
covered capable of destroying this microbe in the blood, or of 
completely neutralizing its toxin, does not carry the implica- 
tion that germicides have no place in the treatment of typhoid 
fever. Since the introduction of the treatment of this fever 
with microbicides, its mortality has diminished even more than 
one-half. 

Ptomains, absorbed products of bacterial action, are not 
only found in the blood, but in the intestines, whence they are 
taken with the circulation. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 957- 

Besides, the pathogenic microbe, the typhoid bacillus, there 
are numerous other disease germs found in exudation from 
Peyer's patches, and in the germs of catarrh present, which 
afford a remarkably rich pabulum for septic germs, some more 
deadly than the original. 

As to the causation of typhoid fever, various opinions are 
adduced; one that it is due to external infection; the other, 
autogenetic, internal ; both are true ; but in whatever way it 
originates, Peyer's patches and the solitary glands of the small 
intestines are its abode, and it is here that most distinct patho- 
genic changes take place, but after middle life these glands be- 
come obliterated, and are not suitable for germ life. 

The latest remedy brought into requisition for the destruc- 
tion of the typhoid germ is the oil of cassia suppository, which 
has been quiet extensively used. In its composition naphthalin 
is used in conjunction with the oil. One inserted twice daily 
has remarkable microbicide properties ; their use lowers tem- 
perature, and causes a gradual disappearance of symptoms. 
They are excellent intestinal antiseptics, as the bacillus disap- 
pears entirely from the dejecta. 

Physicians generally have discarded the use of veratrum, 
aconite, in typhoid, and substituted germicides. Gelsemium, 
still in good repute, administered in liquor ammoniae acetatis. 
it antidotes the insomnia, and combining it with strophanthus 
stiffens up the action of the heart when smitten with the toxin 
of the microbe. 

Whatever views are entertained of enteric fever, it is quite 
certain that in every case there is a pathogenic microbe present, 
which gives rise to irritation, inflammation, ulceration of the 
intestinal glands ; that the same germ can be detected in the 
blood and in all the secretions and excretions; that the toxins, 
the product of bacterial growth paralyze the nervous system. 

It is endemic and often epidemic over all Xorth America, 
although cities are the chief abode of this germ ; impure drink- 
ing water, meagre hygiene, want of sanitation ; inactive livers 
of its denizens, with latent disturbance of the hepatic function, 
give rise to intestinal disturbance. 

We must, however, look to a specific contamination of water 
and food for the dissemination of the typhoid bacillus, although 
it can be transmitted from the sick to the apparently healthv 
by means of emanations from the evacuations, urine, breath, 
perspiration. It never can be prevented, neither can it be 
eradicated, until we .get rid of our water-carriage svstem of 



958 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

sewerage. The germicidal treatment of typhoid has com- 
pletely ameliorated all its symptoms, and reduced its mortality 
to a cipher. This treatment does not consist in using the pre- 
scription of a miserable charlatan, prepared and sold by an 
avaricious, unprincipled drug vender, but in inculcating rest in 
the recumbent position in bed, in a well- ventilated apartment; 
in sponging the entire body morning, noon and night with 
tepid water acidulated with acetic acid ; in maintaining a high- 
grade liquid nutrition; in keeping applied to the entire abdo- 
men olive oil and concentrated ozone at stated intervals ; in the 
daily exhibition of enemata composed of Valentine's meat juice 
and protonuclein, as the physician and not the druggist may 
dictate, and in the selection of a proper germicide to adminis- 
ter iternally to kill the germ in the intestinal ulcers and neutral- 
ize the toxins elaborated, and afford the vital forces a chance 
for recuperation. Many vegetable remedies are recommended 
for this purpose, but the ozonized concentrated tincture of 
siegesbeckie is the most active and reliable. It is a remedy 
of singular potency in choleraic, cancerous, dysenteric, tubercu- 
lar deposit on the intestinal tract, and exceedingly efficacious 
when the glands of Brunner and Peyer are engorged with the 
typhoid bacilli. It acts as a dynamic agent on the nerve cen- 
tres, and is a safe and efficient remedy in typhoid fever. 

A good common-sense physician will lose few cases of 
typhoid. His great object will be either to annihilate the germ 
in the intestinal tract, of which it is a denizen, or to neutralize 
and eliminate its toxin, the products of its growth generated 
by the germ along the alimentary canal. To eive us this low 
mortality he will select and administer two of either of the fol- 
lowing remedies as intestinal antiseptics, alternately, well di- 
luted in water: 

Chlorine, salol, sulphocarbolate, sulphur water, lactic acid 
of soda, zinc, carbolic acid, salicylic acid, naphthalin, sieges- 
beckie, echinacea, baptisin tine, cassia supp., peroxide hydro- 
gen, ozone water. 

This rational treatment of typhoid must be aided by perfect 
rest in the horizontal posture in bed ; the entire body must be 
sponged and dried thrice daily, with soap and water, then with 
alcohol and water; locally, after each sponging, oil the entire 
abdomen and cover with concentrated ozone; cleanse the 
bowels by administering enemata of infusion of flaxseed, to 
which either Chian turpentine mist, or peroxide of hydrogen 
is added. Every other night three grains periodate aurum. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 959 

This auxiliary treatment is chiefly eliminative and has a good 
effect in ridding the system of toxic products generated in the 
alimentary canal ; it keeps all organs, especially the brain, in 
splendid condition. 

Liquid diet exclusively until convalescence is established, beef 
tea, malted milk, broths, soft toast, light custard, white of egg. 
Overeating is bad. 

TYPHUS FEVER (The Micrococcus) .—Typhus fever is 
the outcome of crowding large bodies of men, women and chil- 
dren in small areas, aggravated by insanitary conditions, com- 
mon in European cities, in prisons, ships ; contagious and infec- 
tious. 

Its recognition is never difficult; the peculiar odor of the 
skin is most significant, with feter of breath; dull, drowsy 
condition, followed by rigors, fever, great depression and pros- 
tration ; variable head symptoms, which are often severe ; dull, 
sleepy, comatose, hard to rouse, lie on back; low, muttering 
delirium; ringing in the ears; flashes 'of light before the eyes; 
giddiness, contracted pupils; countenance dingy, muddy, 
cheeks red ; obstinate constipation ; stools dark colored ; thirst ; 
nausea; tongue brown coated. 

About the fifth day, sooner or later, on the finer portions of 
the skin there appears a rash back of the wrists, below the 
clavicle, near the armpits, pit of the stomach, extending to the 
limbs, rarely on the face and neck; fully developed in a few 
days, consists of a measly eruption, irregular, dusky red, some- 
what mottled ; maculae, or mulberry spots, deepening in color, 
not disappearing on pressure. In mild cases it may last only a 
few days ; in more aggravated types it may not disappear to the 
fourteenth up to even the twenty-first day. There is a gradual 
increase of the fever up to the seventh day, then a remission, 
during which a milder grade exists up to the fourteenth, then 
gradual convalescence. Critical period about fourteenth day. 
Complication, lung congestion. It never can be mistaken for 
typhoid ; the white skin, patchy tongue, wiry pulse, the unmis- 
takable bowel trouble do not exist in typhus. 

Abundance of pure, clean air to breathe, tepid sponging 
thrice daily. 

Pathogenic bacteria produce by their growth and multiplica- 
tion in the body specific poisonous substances which are termed 
toxins. Each microbe, therefore, according to its kind or 
species, excretes a definite chemical body, highly toxic to 
highly organized living matter. 



960 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The evolution of the bacillus of typhus fever is from the 
exposure of decaying animal and vegetable matter, aided by 
solar heat, filth, foul air, overcrowding, sewage-tainted soil 
and all insanitary conditions. 

Decaying animal and vegetable matter, carried in open carts 
or exposed on the streets, fills the atmosphere with all the ele- 
ments of a terrible pestilence or plague. -Such an exposure not 
only generates but propagates a germ which has decimated 
cities. 

The toxin, the factor of the stupor of typhus fever, poisons 
the nerve cells and ultimately deteriorates the brain. 

The annual mortality from typhus fever in European cities 
is enormous, especially in times of great commercial distress, 
as now exists. 

The microbe of typhus fever and that of the plague are iden- 
tically the same ; indeed, every symptom in a full-fledged case is 
the same in both — the same mode of seizure and developing; 
everything the same; stupor, rash. 

Freshly made chlorine, that is, daily, combined with sulphate 
of quinine, are the best remedies — most active germicides. 
They are rapidly diffused through the blood, killing the germ, 
neutralizing its toxin. Under this prescription, temperature 
falls, pulse slows, brain is cleared; all symptoms gradually 
yield. 

The ozonized concentrated tincture of echinacea has been 
used in many cases, with excellent results. 

ULCERATION. — This consits in the progressive softening 
and disintegrating of successive layers of the affected tissue, 
and is a breach of continuity of surface, or chasm in the part. 
Its causes are either unrepaired injuries or inflammation. 
Those most liable to it are the debilitated, the intemperate, the 
mercurial, tubercular, syphilitic; and the parts of the body 
most generally affected are those in which the circulation is 
languid, as the extremities. There are numerous varieties, 
designated from the appearances they present. 

Healthy Ulcer. — In constitutions, or parts predisposed 
to it, the slightest irritation may be sufficient to excite ulcera- 
tion. In the vigorous it requires more irritation; but when 
produced, it may be what is termed a healthy ulcer, and pre- 
sent a sore free from pain, with a fine granulating surface, with 
smooth, white, milky edges, and its pus thick and creamy. A 
healthy sore is smooth, covered with a. transparent pellicle or 
scum, which is lost on the margins of the granulations. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 961 

Treatment. — In all ulcers or breaches of continuity we must 
recognize a degradation of healthy living matter, or disease 
.germs. In a healthy sore we find nothing but the bacteria, 
and those in very small numbers ; so that it is important that all 
dressings exclude air completely, be somewhat stimulating, and 
invariably antiseptic. Ozone ointment should therefore be 
Icept constantly applied, spread on fine old linen or lint, about 
one-sixteenth of an inch thick, a little larger than the sore, 
changed twice or thrice daily, the dressing on each occasion 
to be fresh. Before any dressing is applied, the limb should 
be bandaged from the extremity up, leaving a space for the 
application of the ointment, and over and above that a few 
turns of the bandage. 

The most recent method of treating ulcers is by dusting 
formal-gelatin on them, which destroys all bacteria; causes 
instantaneous cicatrization. 

The limb should, if possible, be kept at rest, and in an ele- 
vated position. The constitutional treatment required here is 
tonics, cinchona, and a liberal, generous, blood-forming food. 

Inflamed or Irritable Ulcer. — This term is applied to 
an ulcer when it is hot, tender, very red and painful ; bleeds 
easily, and the discharge is thin, irritating; in some cases foul 
and copious, and heavily loaded with bacteria. 

The cause of this is some malassimilation, perverted nutri- 
tion or derangement of the general health. 

The treatment should consist in opening the bowels, cor- 
recting the malnutrition with tonics, and plain, unstimulating 
food; in allaying pain with conium. After a free action of 
the bowels, the sore might be stimulated with lime-water and 
tincture of iodine lotion, or permanganate potass lotion ; which- 
ever is applied must be of sufficient strength, and kept con- 
stantly moist by a frequent application of the lotion, and a 
covering of oiled silk. It is likely this will be sufficient to 
exhaust the irritability, and reduce it to a simple ulcer. If not, 
dress with jelly of violets; if that is not successful after a 
fair trial, brush it over with nitric acid, poultice for a week, 
then use the lotions, and follow with vaselin or ozone oint- 
ment. In all cases the limb to be bandaged from extremity up ; 
rest and elevation maintained. In all cases of irritable ulcer, 
a perfect freedom from pain must be obtained, an active altera- 
tive and tonic course pursued, with good food. 

Indolent or Chronic Ulcer. — Old ulcers of ten or 
twenty years' standing have generally a smooth, uneven sur- 



962 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

face of a pale, ashy color, like a mucous membrane. In some 
cases it may display a crop of weak fungous granulations. The 
edges are raised, thick, white, insensible, either inverted or 
everted; discharge scanty and thin, and contains a few bac- 
teria. Those ulcers may remain stationary for years, or take 
on an attack of irritability, and become inflamed; or may 
heal, and then suddenly give way. An irritation in the body 
existing for years gives rise to a cachexia, which is essentially 
tubercular. 

Treatment. — Before interfering at all with the ulcer, the 
patient should be placed upon a very active alterative and tonic 
treatment, with a varied diet, rich in blood elements, for a 
month or two. If the patient is feeble, the stramonium oint- 
ment and iodide of potassa should be applied to the ulcer to 
soften and absorb the granulations and indurated edges. If he 
is more vigorous, the ozonized clay should be applied between 
fine muslin, and when it becomes dry remoistened and re- 
applied, or else a fresh application. This will make quick work 
of destroying or softening it down, and stimulate it into 
activity. A poultice of wood-ashes, caustic potass, are val- 
uable, but severe in their action, the object in view being to 
bring the ulcer into a healthy condition. When this is effected, 
the ozone ointment should be used as a dressing. Another very 
excellent method of treatment is the oxygen treatment by the 
peroxide of hydrogen. Its application to all ' ulcers : ( 1 ) 
Diminution of irritation — any dressing applied to an open sore 
causes more irritation than a mixture of oxygen and pure 
air. (2) Direct stimulation without irritation. (3) The oxy- 
gen may oxidize the toxins produced by micro-organisms in 
the surface of the ulcer — -this may apply more especially to the 
toxins produced by bacilli when present. (4) The oxygen 
has possibly a selective power in its action on micro-organisms 
present in the ulcer, encouraging staphylococci, which then out- 
grow the bacilli. Some of the foregoing points are at present 
under investigation. Here, as yet, we have only the practical 
results of a few cases to go by, all of which are in favor of 
the oxygen treatment. 

If not successful, apply the irritating plaster, same size as 
the ulcer on the opposite side of the limb ; with it keep an open 
sore till the old one is thoroughly healed. This latter will heal 
readily. Above all things, push constitutional treatment and 
good food ; bandage, elevation, rest, not to be overlooked. 

Tubercular Ulcer. — These are generally met with in the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 963 

neck, axilla, groin. They consist of an aggregation of tuber- 
cular germs in a chain of lymphatics — two, three, or more ; the 
tubercles grow, first albuminous, then milky, cheesy, and 
latterly, calcareous — generally form several points which excite 
inflammation of cellular tissue, skin, giving rise to numerous 
openings, through which the curdy or cheesy matter exudes. 
Those perforations communicate below with each other and 
form ugly, puckered cicatrices on the neck or elsewhere, when 
they discharge and heal up. 

In all cases general treatment for tuberculosis. At whatever 
stage seen, the clay during the day, several days in the week ; 
at other times keep constantly applied ozone or storax oint- 
ment. If seen before skin breaks, the clay annihilates the 
germ colony. It should always be applied between cloths, so 
as to prevent gritty particles getting into ulcers or skin. Diet 
of the best. 

Varicose Ulcer. — An ulcer dependent upon a varicose con- 
dition of the veins of the limb. The consequent venous con- 
gestion weakens the already debilitated parts, and renders 
them prone to ulceration. The ulcers are generally three or 
four in number, situated above the ankle. Oval in shape, in- 
dolent in their progress, neither extensive nor deep, but at- 
tended with considerable pain of an aching character. 

Treatment. — Get the general health into good order by 
tonics and alteratives, with abundance of good food and fresh 
air. Keep bowels regular, and attend to the skin by daily 
sponging. The internal and local exhibition of the witch- 
hazel to tone up the veins; an infusion answers the purpose. 
The patient should wear an elastic stocking or bandage during 
the day. Before it is applied in the morning, limb to be bathed 
first with soap and water; then either tincture or infusion of 
witch-hazel applied; sore dressed with either storax or der- 
molia, or ozone ointment; over the dressing a piece of oiled 
silk; then an ordinary stocking, and, above all, the elastic 
stocking. The same should be repeated in the evening, but the 
elastic stocking need not be kept on during night, unless case 
is a very bad one. Infusion of oak bark, alcohol and salt, and 
other remedies are of no importance when we have witch-hazel. 

Fistulous Ulcer. — Consists of a tube or narrow chan- 
nel, lined by a false membrane, which is a secreting membrane, 
and which may, or may not, lead to a suppurating cavity. In 
old cases, the walls of the tube are dense and semicartilagin- 
ous. Fistula may be produced by a deep-seated abscess, not 



964 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

healed from the bottom, or by caries or necrosis of bone ; or by 
the perforation of tissue by a mechanical irritant or obstruc- 
tion. 

Treatment. — If there are several openings, or fistulas, com- 
municating with dead bone, it is folly to attempt to heal them. 
They should, if the parts permit, be run into one, so as to give 
nature as little labor as possible in throwing off the dead bone. 
If due to the imperfect healing of an abscess from the bottom, 
it should be either slit up, or injected with a strong solution of 
iodine and iodide of potass ; or brushed over with nitric acid ; 
if in or about the rectum, treat as laid down under that head 
{Fistula in Ano). 

Phagedena : Sloughing, or Eating Ulcer. — A state that 
is liable to be brought about in all ulcers by the use of mer- 
cury, the presence of syphilis, meagre or insufficient food, bad 
diet, filth, poor ventilation, and insanitary states. 

In addition to the ordinary bacteria of all ulcers, a species 
of the diphtheric microbe, or rot, is developed on the ulcer. 
When a sore becomes so affected, its surface becomes irregular ; 
in color, white, yellow, greenish, blackish; the discharge is 
bloody, serous, profuse or scanty, and the pain extreme; and 
by and by the sore becomes more painful, ragged, uneven; 
looks as if bitten out by the teeth of ah animal, and is of 
dusky or livid aspect. There is apt to be fever and constitu- 
tional disturbance. 

Treatment. — Very active measures must be taken to prevent 
the progress of the disease. Aconite and veratrum for fever; 
echinacea, brewers' yeast, cacodylate of sodium, quinine, anti- 
septics, best of diet; attend to bowels, skin, and expose 
antiseptics in apartment. The ulcer should at once be de- 
stroyed with caustic potassa, followed by vinegar, and then 
dressed with antiseptic poultices, charcoal, yeast, wild indigo, 
and then antiseptic ointments. If the case does not warrant 
such extreme measures, apply the ozonized clay for twelve 
hours, and follow with same poultice and dressing, or try com- 
presses saturated with peroxide of hydrogen, to which sulpho- 
carbonate of soda is added. It must be laid down as an im- 
perative rule, a perfect alleviation of pain with opium or 
morphia; for so long as we neglect this essential element the 
disease may occur again and again, the tendency to ulceration 
being in direct ratio to the pain. 

Hospital Gangrene is simply phagedena produced by 
overcrowding a large number of wounded men together. It 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 965 

is slightly more aggravated, being more highly contagious 
and infectious, than the former, and requires the same treat- 
ment, and. if possible, isolation. 

Malignant Pustule (Anthrax). — Becoming very com- 
mon, from importation of foreign wool, hides ; and the opera- 
tives in such are often fatally affected. It begins as a little 
dark-red spot, with stinging or pricking pain, on which a vesicle 
and then a pustule, seated on a hard, inflamed base. When 
this is opened it is found to contain a slough as black as char- 
coal, which is a mass of giant bacteria. There are likely to be 
more than one. and to spread with rapidity, and the system 
become affected ; or there may be systemic poisoning, first, 
from the workers breathing in air loaded with the disease 
germs. (See Anthrax.) 

Ulceration of the Stomach. — Gastric ulcer manifests 
itself in a variety of types, from a simple erosion, exceedingly 
small, often giving rise to copious hemorrhages : lesions of the 
mucous membrane, larger than an erosion and simple ulcer. 
The most formidable complications of all are hemorrhages ; 
genuine ulcers are usually round, scooped out, and perforation 
often takes place. Syphilitic, tubercular, metallic ulcerations 
are common. 

Its etiology in all cases due to some irritant, and, from pres- 
ent indications, adulterated food products, preservatives, em- 
balmed meat in tins, etc., are sources which are most productive 
of it. An invaluable remedy in gastric ulcer, to arrest the 
hemorrhage and promote cicatrization, is the administration of 
the green root tincture of gelsemium, alternated with 5 
grains of resorcin in one ounce of distilled water every three 
or four hours ; affords great relief ; then a very careful selection 
of one or other of the following remedies : kaki, hydrastis, 
gold thread, hyoscyamus. mineral acids, with cinchona, 
glycerin, papoid. pepsin, local stimulation on stomach, absolute 
rest in bed; nourish by enemata. selecting beef essence or tea; 
pink marrow suppositories : milk and lime-water, boiled arrow- 
root in milk for a drink, with infusion of kaki or slippery elm, 
of great value. In all cases there is a deficiency of mucus, as is 
visible in the clean, red. angry, dry tongue, hyperacid, no 
mucus, scanty vomit, with constipation, dry, scybalous stools, 
a deficient secretion of the natural protector and lubricator of 
the entire canal. 

Ulcer of the stomach is a most important disease, usually 
very protracted, although easily cured by our improved reme- 



966 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

dies. It is a disease of middle life, more frequent in females 
than males; five per cent of persons dying, from all causes, 
are affected with it. The most prominent symptoms of this 
affection are some or all the symptoms of dyspepsia, tightness, 
weight, gradually augmenting to a burning sensation, almost 
pain, which assumes a gnawing character, with a sickening- 
depression and a feeling of goneness. Decided pain after di- 
gestion of food, which lasts for one or two hours, often vomit- 
ing, after which pain ceases. The difficulty progresses 
onwards and onwards; if not cured, pain in the back super- 
venes. The pain in the stomach is increased by pressure and 
the ingestion of food ; vomiting is a constant symptom ; in the 
vomited mass, the sarcinae, yeast plant, blood, pus and mucus 
are often present. 

Ulceration of the Neck of the Uterus. — A breach of 
continuity of, or on, the neck of the uterus may be the result 
of some injury, but more generally it is the result of inflamma- 
tion, congestion, or effusion of lymph. It usually takes place 
about the neck. It is a condition not nearly so common as is 
imagined. It is true, chronic inflammation, with congestion, 
catarrh, and thickening of the neck, is very common, but com- 
paratively few terminate in ulceration — few cases in which the 
lymph breaks down. This subject of ulceration of the os uteri 
is a stigma upon the medical profession, so called. In order 
to explain ourselves we shall deviate from the subject a little- 
There are a very large portion of the medical profession in 
the United States simply charlatans, very unprincipled, desti- 
tute of an education, because they have not brain capacity to 
receive it; and if they had, they have no teachers capable of 
imparting it ; besides, most of them are but imperfect scholars 
in ordinary branches, and are destitute of all the qualities of 
a Christian gentleman. Those human vultures are so numer- 
ous that in our large cities or towns there is one to every two 
hundred and fifty inhabitants. They must live; and the first 
thing that concerns a newly-fledged M. D. is to procure a 
uterine sound and speculum, and on those he places his re- 
liance for his future success and fortune. With this he be- 
comes the great moral force of the profession, and stamps his 
prestige upon the page of time. Ladies, married or single, are 
the prey of the viper. If he is consulted about a headache, 
indigestion, defective vision or hearing, or even in-growing 
toenail, there must be a vaginal examination, as there is some- 
thing the matter with uterus. This is done every time any- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 967 

thing is wrong. It is pronounced an obscure case; another 
introduction must be made, and another; her affections must 
be alienated to the scoundrel, and thus many loving wives 
and good daughters are made his victims — he becomes the 
social ruin of families. 

The knaves, or charlatans, even coin new names for trifling 
maladies, and invent diseases. Once they get a grip, they keep 
on with endless examinations, speculations, applications, and 
treatment, and continue on for months or years at this nefa- 
rious business; and then, by some accident, the patient is re- 
moved from his care, she becomes quite well, and has no. 
further need for speculum, pessary, or caustic. 

The older members of the profession are to blame for thus 
letting loose annually such a horde of vultures. 

Women are sensitive and imaginative, know little of physi- 
ology, but feel keenly any ache, pain, or irregularity, and 
attach more importance to it than there is any need to. So, 
if she has dyspepsia, or dysmenorrhea, and a slight bearing- 
down, she is much impressed, and consults one of those 
mountebanks; her fate is at once sealed, by the designation 
"ulceration of the neck of the uterus/'' w r hen nothing is the 
matter but fatigue. It is the fashion; they live by it; it is 
their bread and butter. Poor lady, three times a week she 
trudges to his office, and has his applications applied for a 
disease that does not exist, and, if it did, should be cured with- 
out such a mess of degradation. This is an everyday game. 

We have another class, meaner still, who go for ulceration 
and displacement. This class assert that there is scarcely a 
woman living whose uterus is where it ought to be. It is ante- 
flexed, retroflexed, or verted this way or that way. An 
examination by speculum must be made ; and as he gets a large 
percentage from some unprincipled "uterine supporter" 
patentee, or manufacturer, there will be a variety of con- 
trivances tried, but none answer till his favorite is reached ; 
and, oh! the fitting in, the adjusting and readjusting, in order 
to cure headache, irritation of the bladder from uric acid, or 
pretended albuminuria, and a thousand other ills that do not 
exist ! 

Now, where this is done by an educated gentleman. A Chris- 
tian, one who knows what he is doing, and what difficulty he 
is dealing with, if there be one. much good may be accom- 
plished; but when imitators, pretenders, rascals, go at it for 
cash, nothing but harm follows. With these fellows there are 



968 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

muddling and meddling of the most disreputable kind, and 
patients get tired of it, their money and patience become ex- 
hausted, they give it up ; and if there is something the matter, 
become chronic invalids, and are a nuisance to themselves, re- 
lations, and friends. 

But we will not digress further. 

In all cases of chronic inflammation there should be no let up 
in treatment until the thickening of the neck, produced by irri- 
tation has been removed by the internal use of saxifraga and 
aleteris, and locally by pastils of boroglycerid, white pond lily, 
life root. 

Simple Ulcer, or Abrasion. — An excoriation, or erosion 
of the lips of the neck of the uterus, is the simplest form of 
ulceration. The epithelium is simply removed from the part; 
the villi, with the fine network of capillaries, can be felt, vel- 
vety to the touch, or seen by the speculum ; there is no redness 
of any moment. 

Symptoms. — There is a general depression of the health; 
headache, and languor ; leukorrhea, pain in pelvis and sacrum, 
irritation of ovaries, bearing-down, aching in thighs, indiges- 
tion, flatulence, with irregular action of bowels. Menstruation 
Is likely to be disordered in some way. 

Treatment. — Regulate bowels with cascara, or some mild 
agent ; stimulate the appetite with tonics ; prescribe best food, 
beef, mutton, poultry, milk, cream, eggs, fish, etc., and if diges- 
tion is faulty, pepsin; tonics before meals, as port wine and 
Peruvian bark ; compound tincture cinchona and mineral acids ; 
partridge berry and aletris cordial; sulphate quinine and 
aromatic sulphuric acid ; gentian and collinsonia ; and altera- 
tives, as ozonized phytolacca, compound viburnum, and iodide 
potassa. 

Locally, after it has been ascertained to exist by one specu- 
lum examination in the presence of a mother or husband, no 
more are necessary. Neither is the use of caustic, or other trash, 
of utility. The patient can now accomplish the cure herself. 
If married, sexual congress should be held off for a few 
weeks. Then begin with hip-baths, thrice daily; vaginal in- 
jections, tepid, medicated; flaxseed infusion with peroxide of 
hydrogen and boroglycerid; slippery elm decoction, with sul- 
phocarbolate of zinc and soda; decoction of white-oak bark, 
with chinsol, with fountain syringe, in all cases followed by 
a pastil of white pond lily. The injections might with benefit 
foe changed every three days, and should consist of solutions 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 969 

of borax, chlorate and permanganate of potassa, lime-water, 
and tincture of iodine ; and, after two or three weeks, astringent 
ones are to be introduced alternately, as infusions of oak bark, 
white pond lily, witch-hazel, alum. To hasten a healing pro- 
cess, after retiring to bed, a pastil to be inserted, consisting of 
either nymphae odorata or life-root, or sulphate of quinine, or 
boroglycerid. 

In this simple manner any lady has her rapid recovery in 
her own hands, and she will soon recognize it in returning 
health and a disappearance of the symptoms, especially the 
discharge. 

Irritable, or Inflamed Ulcer. — This is deep-seated, 
involves the lips, but is vascular and red; the loops of the 
capillaries have given way, and there is an excavation. It is 
sometimes quite extensive in persons whose vital forces are 
feeble. 

Symptoms. — All the symptoms are much aggravated, more 
debility, even mental depression; the leukorrheal discharge is 
profuse and mucopurulent and greenish ; stains linen green- 
ish; great headache, tongue coated, no appetite, anemia, neu- 
ralgia; dirty, sallow hue of skin; bowels irregular, usually 
constipation; pain in the back, hips, and thighs, aggravated 
by exercise; reflex irritation of bladder, rectum, and breasts. 
There is often menorrhagia in this variety. 

Treatment. — The same course of treatment as for the simple 
form, with the exception that it wants to be carried out with 
more vigor ; secretions active ; alteratives and tonics. In form 
there is no remedy that fulfills all the indications so perfectly 
as the wine of aletris farinosa, alternated with the partridge 
berry, with vaginal injections of boroglycerid and pastils of 
life-root. 

Rodent Ulcer. — In the simple, or inflamed, or deeper- 
seated ulceration, there is found in the discharge the living 
germs, bacteria which render them communicable diseases to 
males if sexual intercourse is not avoided ; but in the "rodent 
form," the micro-organism of diphtheria and phagadena is 
present in large colonies, so that it is invariably to be regarded 
as a severe disease; one associated with a breaking down of 
vital power, and not common in females who are well taken 
care of, or under thirty-five years of age. 

Causes. — Irritation, overcrowding, meagre or insufficient 
food, filth, general breaking down of vital force. 

Symptoms. — It is to be regarded as a perforating, eating 



970 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ulcer, with a bloody exudation; ulceration gradually and 
slowly extending. As it eats away, burrows, and perforates, 
complaint is made of heat, pain, and discomfort; thin, watery 
discharge streaked with blood. The constitutional symptoms 
are those of great prostration ; headache, want of appetite, pal- 
lor, indigestion, constipation, great physical weakness ; pains in 
back, thighs, hips ; burning pain in uterus, and attacks of hem- 
orrhage. On examination, an irregularly-shaped, eating ulcer, 
with ragged or indurated edges. There may be several; they 
all look excavated. They may be dry, or glossy, but there is 
always blood dripping from their edges. When vital force is 
very low, they may eat away the neck and body of the uterus, 
and give rise to dreadful hemorrhage. It is often mistaken by 
the inexperienced for cancer. It often destroys life, if not seen 
to and treated correctly before it eats into uterine vessels. 

Treatment. — In the name of humanity, of good sense, and 
common decency, we protest against the modern treatment of 
rodent, or phagedenic ulceration, with such useless drugs as 
nitrate of silver, caustic potassa — drugs that are totally un- 
necessary and uncalled for in the local applications in uterine 
ulcer. If a caustic must be used, why not use the best, by first 
swabbing or washing out the uterus, and then touching with 
nitric acid, c. p. We repudiate caustics as barbarous, and un- 
necessary, when we have such invaluable antiseptics as ozone 
et chlorine, which could be used once every week or two, and 
followed by milder ones, four or five times a day. This prepa- 
ration, thrown up the vagina, produces a perfect revolution in 
the ulcerated parts ; it destroys the disease germs that are caus- 
ing the eating; stimulates the sound tissues, so that they put 
on a healthy appearance. The injection of the ozone et chlorine 
once every week, or two weeks, is most efficacious ; and in addi- 
tion, the first day or two, linseed-tea injections every two hours, 
with sulphocarbolate of soda, and then injections of borax 
and golden seal, gold thread, and chlorate of potassa, or bay- 
berry, lime-water, and tincture of iodine, every three hours ; 
pastils and suppositories of boroglycerid. Alteratives and 
tonics, as in simple forms, with glycerite of ozone, chloride of 
lime, echinacea, sulphocarbolates, permanganate of potassa, 
and the most nourishing food. 

Syphilitic Ulceration. — There may be chancres on the 
os or neck, and colonies of germs lodged about the labia of the 
uterus, within the canal of the neck on the upper and lower 
sides. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 971 

Symptoms. — The copper-colored appearance of ulcers and 
mucous membrane ; thickening and induration ; the mucopuru- 
lent discharge is excessive from both uterus and vagina; 
patches of abrasions, or ulcers, are to be seen on the labia of the 
xiterus. Menstrual function is irregular ; most frequently 
menorrhagia. Besides, there will be syphilitic cachexia, loss 
of hair, enlargement of post-cervical glands, copper-colored 
mucous membranes, pain in ensiform cartilage and other bones 
at night, copper-colored eruption, nodes, mucous patches, etc. 

Treatment. — Same as for syphilis, with the local treatment 
for rodent ulcer, which makes short work of the disease. That 
is, administer a tonic to aid blood formation, such as one of the 
cinchona alkaloids ; then prescribe comp. saxifraga, with per- 
iodate aurum. Thrice daily vaginal injections of potent germ- 
icides, such as solutions of boroglycerid, sulphocarbolate of 
zinc and soda, echinacea, creolin. ozal. chlorozone. 

UNDEVELOPED SEXUAL ORGANS.— The vacuum 
method of treating undeveloped mammary glands and penis is 
dangerous. Better to use massage, electricity, baths and saw- 
palmetto ointment. These are generally used locally; at the 
same time a selection must be made from the following reme- 
dies for internal administration; Thyroid ext. c. p. solution of 
spermin, matricaria, glycerophosphate of soda, saw palmetto. 
These remedies, two given in alternation for a week; others 
substituted ; alternate weekly. They act slowly, but efficiently, 
and they increase the blood supply and improve the nutrition of 
the parts. They are all good nerve tonics and they influence 
the sexual organs very favorably. The flesh-brush daily, and 
if unable to take exercise, prolonged massage so as to keep up a 
constant flux to the brain. 

UREMIA. — Generally an attendant during the last stage 
of Bright's disease or kidney degeneration, or some impedi- 
ment or obstacle in kidney. 

When from any cause the functions of the kidneys become 
impaired or suppressed, urea is no longer eliminated by those 
organs. It accumulates in the blood, producing what is termed 
uremia. 

Probably several forms of poisoning are present, such as 
where the urea is decomposed into carbonate of ammonia ; and 
when such 2* decomposition does not occur, probably there are 
also other poisons due to incomplete metamorphosis of nitro- 
genized waste into urea. 



972 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

This theory explains the variety of symptoms present, such 
as stupor, coma, stertorous breathing, epileptic convulsions, 
intoxication, twitching. 

It may come on abruptly with little warning, or may be pre- 
ceded by debility, impaired vision, obstinate vomiting or diar- 
rhea; the breath has a uriniferous or ammoniacal odor. It 
is invariably present in three stages of Bright's disease. 

Besides being due to structural disease of the kidneys, it may 
be present in pregnancy and parturition, due to pressure of the 
uterus, producing renal congestion. Beer drinking is a com- 
mon cause. 

Uremic poisoning or intoxcation is easily distinguished by 
attention to the following points; the urine is albuminous, 
scanty, or of low specific gravity ; edema of the cellular tissue ; 
fits are preceded by delirium, headache or giddiness, pupils di- 
lated and fixed, breath ammoniacal; skin emits a uriniferous 
odor, disease of kidneys. And if these are not sufficient, paint 
a portion of the skin with cantharidal collodion ; from the blis- 
ter so produced take the serum and place it under a microscope, 
and the crystals of urea are easily recognized. 

The treatment of cases of uremic poisoning must be upon 
general principles. An attempt should be made by warm bath 
and jaborandi to get up a powerful action on the skin. The 
use of the jaborandi or its active principle does not require the 
use of diaphoretic teas, hence it is our most valuable diapho- 
retic. 

One-twelfth of a grain dose of elaterin should be given every 
three hours, so as to get a free serous action of the bowels. If 
successful, benzoate of soda or benzoic acid has a wonderful 
effect in neutralizing this blood poison. 

URETHRA, THE, ITS DISEASES.— The average length 
of the male urethra is seven and one-half inches during life, as 
judged by our graduated catheters. The length of the pros- 
tatic portion, one and one- fourth inches. The verumontanum 
is three-fourths of a line long, is erectile and prevents the 
semen from entering the bladder. The sinus pocularis. is in 
front of this. The membranous part of the urethra is nearly 
all contained between the two layers of the deep perineal fascia. 
The spongy portion is very dilatable. When the parts are 
healthy a No. 12 catheter, warmed and oiled, passes with ease. 
The spongy portion of the urethra is the narrowest after the 
meatus, normal constrictions exist. There is a permanent or 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 973 

subpubic curve in the urethra, which forms an arc of a circle 
three and a quarter inches in diameter. As a general rule the 
urethra is narrower at its orifice, dilated in the gland, and very 
slightly narrowed at the fossa navicularis ; then comes a nearly 
uniform cylinder to the preputial angle, when a narrowing is 
found. It enlarges then to the bulb. We have found, by 
careful microscopic examination, that there are circular mus- 
cular fibres around the whole urethral canal, which accounts 
for the existence of spasmodic strictures, which may take place 
at any part of the canal. The presence of stone in the bladder, 
long retention of the urine, or excessive sexual indulgence may 
all cause spasm of longer or shorter duration. When the 
meatus is narrower than normal it may originate spasmodic 
stricture. 

There is no doubt that spasmodic stricture in the membran- 
ous part of the urethra has a resemblance in many cases to or- 
ganic stricture, and is often caused by irritation reflected from 
the anterior portion of the urethra, and many uneducated phy- 
sicians fall into that trap. 

The analysis of urethral stricture, which we laid down some 
years ago, dividing them into single, multiple, complicated car- 
tilaginous or undilatable, is probably the best ever offered to 
the profession. Classifying altogether, about one-half are 
single strictures, in all parts of the canal, near the bulb, in the 
membranous and spongy, portion. In multiple stricture, the 
first constriction is usually about two inches from the meatus ; 
the second, about half way between this and the bulb, and third 
about the bulbomembranous junction. The character of the 
first and second of these is usually nodular ; the third, usually 
fusiform; varying from one-third to three-quarters of an inch 
in length, and in size from a pea to a marble. Some are very 
old, even from twenty to thirty years' duration. A stricture 
generally consists of an effusion of plastic lymph in the form of 
fibres surrounding the canal, like a thread or band, or bridle or 
valvular. The lymph effused in the submucous tissue of the 
urethra generally gives rise to gleet ; the lymph thrown out be- 
comes organized, and the normal elasticity of the canal is lost. 
We have met with many case's in which an indurated chancre 
has caused stricture. Cases of stricture in the prostatic por- 
tion of the urethra are rare, they are almost exclusively limited 
to the bulb and spongy portion. Stricture may involve the 
canal to the extent of half an inch to several inches, and the 
urethra in those cases becomes irregular or tortuous. 



974 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The urethra generally becomes dilated behind the stricture; 
the mucous membrane becomes inflamed, which causes a gleety 
discharge to appear from the urethra. The walls of the blad- 
der become greatly thickened in all cases of stricture, and if 
the stricture be a bad one, pouched or sacculated. The urine in 
these cases becomes decomposed, the evolution of the micro- 
coccus urinaris takes place; bladder becomes inflamed, thick- 
ened, soft, pulpy, and much diminished in size. The ureters and 
pelvis of the kidneys also become dilated, whilst the medullary 
portion is atrophied. The ejaculatory ducts also suffer en- 
largement, and the seminal vessels are often filled with purulent 
matter, and the prostate is always seriously damaged. 

A gleety discharge from the urethra, combined with a fre- 
quent desire to pass water, is an early symptom of stricture. 
The stream of urine is diminished in fullness and projected 
feebly, whilst it is at times spiral, forked, twisted or flattened. 
Usually there is a pain in the small of the back, perineum and 
behind the pubes. In bad cases, the urine constantly dribbles 
away, and the patient is supposed to have incontinence of urine. 

The irritation of the parts gives rise to nocturnal emissions 
and impotency. 

After exposure to wet, cold, or drinking malt liquors, reten- 
tion of urine takes place, in which there is great suffering. 

Stricture may be caused by any kind of irritation which is 
capable of producing urethritis, but the germ of gonorrhea is 
its most common cause. Masturbation, frequent seminal emis- 
sions give rise to it. Venereal ulcers, the micro-organism of 
warts in any part of the urethral mucous membrane may be 
the foundation of stricture. 

Subacute inflammation of the prostate and urethral hyper- 
esthesia are often mistaken for stricture. 

With regard to instruments for exploring the urethra, it 
must be confessed that the standard, No. 12, is the best; then, 
if the stricture be large, a No. 6. 

The recumbent posture is the best for passing the catheter 
and exploring the urethra. The patient lies on his back with 
his shoulders raised, the knees drawn up. When the instru- 
ment has been slowly passed down to beneath the pubes, the 
shaft is brought down to the median line, and the handle ele- 
vated to the perpendicular and depressed beneath the thighs; if 
difficulty occur the left finger may be depressed behind the 
scrotum or passed into the rectum. 

Now, it must be remembered that, in some persons, the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 975 

simple exploration of the urethra by a silver catheter may pro- 
voke an attack of urethral fever of an intermittent type, which 
yields to the antimalarial remedies. 

We have repeatedly called the attention of the profession to 
the value of the iodol bougies, soluble ozonized, as the perfec- 
tion of all treatment; for, if a metallic sound can be introduced 
and its insertion followed by one of those iodol bougies, we will 
soon witness its absorption and dissolution. 

The iodol bougies have effected a complete revolution in this 
hitherto obstinate affection. 

The iodol bougie in stricture is a success.it causes the effusive 
lymph to melt away into a hundred shreds ; its use is never 
attended with any danger; requires no detention from busi- 
ness; and possesses the faculty of widening the calibre of the 
entire canal. 

It is a most available remedy in all morbid states of the 
urethra. 

The mucous membrane of the urethra has a remarkably ab- 
sorbent power — keenly active — for if a decoction of golden 
seal be injected, it can be easily tasted in the mouth. This has 
been utilized ; ozonized soluble bougies of damiana are inserted, 
which have a remarkable effect in rousing up, strengthening, 
energizing, lost sexual power. 

The salix nigra bougie, a vitalizer, anesthetic and astringent, 
inserted into the urethra, up against the mouths of the ejacu- 
latory ducts, has alone cured many thousand cases of seminal 
emissions. 

The saw-palmetto bougie does much to alleviate prostatic 
maladies. 

Sulphocarbolate of zinc bougie is excellent in a weeping 
penis. 

The urethra is the abode of the gonococcus ; it is the evolu- 
tion of masturbation, of promiscuous sexual congress. 

First urinate, wash out urethra with ozonized distillate of 
eucalyptus ; insert an ozonized thallin bougie : and take 11a- 
retta. He suffers annihilation. 

Warts, vegetation in the urethra, resemble stricture in symp- 
toms, give rise to a watery, mucopurulent discharge in which 
the microbe of warts can be isolated ; extremely contagious. 

For this the ozonized oil of thuja is a specific. It may re- 
quire two or three applications before it is thoroughly eradi- 
cated. 

Warts, the pathogenic microbe of which is found not only in 



976 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the urethra, but upon the prepuce and corona glandis. Some- 
times only a few are to be found, in other cases they are numer- 
ous, and as they are due to a microbe, extremely contagious and 
infectious. 

Simple as they appear to be they are usually troublesome to 
both physician and patient. 

Due to a special pathogenic microbe which is independent of 
all other organisms; they really cannot be classed as venereal, 
although they are very generally the outcome of impure sexual 
congress. 

Ligation, caustic, crushing, excision, are of no utility, but 
give pain, and a liability to hemorrhage, and a recurrence. The 
best treatment of this form of wart is great cleanliness, wash- 
ing them thrice daily with a solution of boroglycerid, dry well, 
subsequently painting them with the oil of thuja occidentalis 
ozonized ; also administer the same internally, in doses of from 
fifteen to thirty drops, thrice daily, in water, so as to sterilize 
the blood. 

This remedy is prepared in the same manner as the mullein 
oil, by the aid of polarized sunlight, and peroxide of hydrogen. 

Moses, the great law-giver, deserves the gratitude of his race 
for instituting the sacrament of circumcision. 

For all Christians with a short or long prepuce, a tight or 
loose foreskin, if not carefully retracted and washed daily, will 
have a sebaceous secretion accumulating underneath, in which 
an evolution of a special pathogenic bacillus will take place. 

This micro-organism is found in the smegma and secretions 
of the mucous membrane of the external genital organs, which 
in shape and reaction is almost identical with the bacillus of 
leprosy, but easily distinguished from it. The smegma bacil- 
lus is completely decolored by immersing the dried and stained 
preparation in a thirty-three and one-third per cent, solution 
of nitric acid, and subsequently in alcohol. In specimens thus 
treated the bacillus disappears, while the leprosy bacillus thus 
treated remains deeply stained. The bacillus of smegma is 
completely sterilized and annihilated by boroglycerid. 

The parts should be bathed every morning with Castile soap 
and hot water, well dried, then a saturated solution of boro- 
glycerid applied and permitted to dry in. 

Urethral Contagion. — In considering the various condi- 
tions of the urethra of which the presence is denoted by gleet, 
the question arises of the duration of contagion. This in most 
cases is difficult to answer, and in many cases impossible to do» 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 977 

so absolutely. As a means of deciding the question, it has 
been concluded that when the gonococcus can be no longer de- 
tected in the discharge it is justifiable to advise that the secre- 
tion is bereft of contagious power. This faith in the peculiar 
essential cause of gonorrhea may be justified, but in the present 
uncertain state of our knowledge of the precise influence of 
gonococcus as a factor of gonorrhea it is rash to assume that 
in the absence of gonococcus from any particular drop of dis- 
charge the danger of contagion is past. We are sorry that we 
can offer for your consideration no definite rule for deciding 
this question, but we are inclined to think that when the dis- 
charge is secreted entirely from granular patches, the crypts 
and ducts of glands having ceased to furnish pus, we may con- 
sider the discharge to be no longer specific in character or cap- 
able of communicating disease to others. I base this opinion 
on the fact that these granular patches have no dissimilarity 
from granular patches on the pharynx or other mucous mem- 
branes, which, being simply products of chronic inflammation, 
therefore probably secrete only a harmless, non-specific pus. 
But when the various channels along which acute gonorrheal 
inflammation may pass, the numbers of ducts and crypts into 
which it may penetrate, are recollected, we must be prepared to 
admit that the duration of the contagious power of the urethral 
discharge after acute gonorrhea is unlimited, and to forbid 
sexual commerce until the gleet is quite cured. The gynecolo- 
gist has made out a formidable list of affections attacking 
newly married women whose husbands are suffering from 
slight urethral discharge ; which, giving no pain or inconveni- 
ence to the patient, has ceased to attract attention until the un- 
fortunate wife is afflicted by some serious illness of an un- 
doubtedly gonorrheal character. 

The changes in the urethra from the presence of the gono- 
coccus are very numerous, as nodules, ridges, bridles crossing 
the passage. In one urethra there may be a dozen different 
patches, some old, gray, and shrunken : some dull red, but un- 
yielding; some covered by granulations. 

Inflammation of the Urethra. — May exist in either an 
acute or chronic form, independent of the venereal poison, or 
so-called gonorrhea. 

Causes. — May be due to mechanical violence, passage of cal- 
culi, strains, blows, excessive sexual congress; the catamenia 
or rankness in some ladies give rise to it, as well as masturba- 
tion in some men of sanguine temperament ; horseback exercise. 



978 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Symptoms. — Pain, heat, redness, swelling; very great pain 
in micturition if urine is acid; mucopurulent discharge; irri- 
tability of bladder; there may be chordee, a bent or crooked 
condition of penis during erection, from a lesion of its erectile 
fibres; if so, there may be blood; lips of urethra often much 
swollen ; often retention of urine, with fever and constitutional 
disturbance. 

The discharge is cantagious, because it is heavily loaded 
with bacteria, with a few ameba. If severe, liable to give rise 
to stricture and gleet, same as gonorrhea. 

Treatment. — Rest in bed; hot hip-baths; open bowels with 
salines ; keep urine alkaline with nitrate of potassa and cream 
of tartar, drinks of linseed tea, tincture of green root of gelse- 
min in thirty-drop doses, every three hours; when inflamma- 
tion has subsided, mistura Uaretta, or kava-kava or golden 
tincture. Chronic form, use same remedies. 

Stricture of Urethra. — Effusion of lymph either as a. 
band, or flattening in the lower aspect of the urethra. 

The urine passing with difficulty in a diminished stream., 
flattened, spiral, twisted, divided. 

Three forms : (1) due to spasm of muscular fibres; (2) due 
to inflammation; (3) due to the effusion of lymph, causing- 
contraction, narrowing, or a band across inferior aspect of 
canal. 

In all cases, a careful diagnosis from enlarged prostate, irri- 
table bladder, abscess in perineum, dilated urethra, diseased 
kidney. 

1. Due to spasms, use cocain suppository. 

2. Due to inflammation, use cocain suppository, and gelse- 
mium internally. 

3. Due to effused lymph, organic stricture. 

Incision, burning, tearing by dilating, all false, erroneous. 
Absorption the only true, sure method of cure. Saxifraga in- 
ternally, ozone ointment and metallic bougie for half an hour 
three times a week, gradually increasing the size of the bougie 
from one that passes easily to a No. 12. 

Permanent stricture of the urethra due to effusion of lymph, 
either on the circular muscular fibres, or as a longitudinal in- 
filtration, is much more common than is generally recognized. 

All forms of irritation may give rise to it — gonorrhea, mas- 
turbation, acid urine, exposure to cold, wet, etc. 

The earliest symptoms of permanent stricture is the reten- 
tion of a few drops of urine in the urethra after the patient has 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 979 

made water, which drops soon escape and slightly wet the 
linen ; the bladder also becomes irritable, being compelled to get 
up during the night to urinate. 

As it increases there is a discharge of mucus from the 
urethra, attended with a sensation of itching, heat and pain in 
urinating. The stream of urine very speedily, becomes forked, 
spiral, flattened or scattered, which is so eventually reduced 
that it is voided by drops. 

At this period the slightest imprudence, either in diet or ex- 
posure to cold or intemperance — anything liable to disturb the 
general health — is liable to be followed by suppression. 

It therefore behooves every man who has a dribbling, a mois- 
ture, a gluing of the lips of the urethra in the morning, to have 
his urethra examined to ascertain if there be a stricture or 
thickening from effused lymph, and if there be, have it re- 
moved. 

Now this is not to be done by incision, neither by burning it 
nor by laceration, for if a cure is attempted in that way it will 
certainly return. 

Cure only by absorption, which is reliable, permanent. 

Daily or every other day a metallic sound or bougie should 
be inserted and retained for ten minutes. When withdrawn 
it should be immediately followed with an ozonized soluble 
iodol bougie, which is to be retained until it completely melts 
away. 

The retention, the absorption of three grains of iodol in the 
urethra, very rapidly makes away with all thickening, all ob- 
structions in the canal, and gives a never-failing cure. 

Many men are erroneously treated for gleet, leaking, gluing 
of the lips, for prostatic and bladder diseases, when it is simply 
permanent stricture. 

URIC ACID CRYSTALS.— From imperfection aeration 
of blood, malassimilation, carbonaceous food, malt liquors; 
uric or lithic acid accumulates in the blood, kidneys, where it 
gives rise to most excrutiating pains in the loins, nephralgia, 
irritable bladder, burning sensation in urinating. 

In the treatment remove all causes; alkaline baths, free ac- 
tion of bowels ; select some of the following remedies : 

Nitromuriatic acid; nitric acid and cinchona, ozone water; 
hydrangea; gelsemium, uric acid solvent, pichi, benzoic acid, 
peroxide of hydrogen. 

A most excellent formula in such cases is the following: 



980 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Take of biborate of ammonia, one ounce; water, one pint. 
Mix. A tablespoonful before each meal. Or, take half an 
ounce of biborate of ammonia; uric acid solvent, four ounces. 
Mix. One teaspoonful before meals. 

URIC ACID DIATHESIS.— There is no malady so preva- 
lent in the United States as the uric acid diathesis — no condi- 
tion of the body so productive of other grave maladies. The 
origin of lithemia may either be from a gouty diathesis, or 
from a poverty of nerve force (in this form neuralgia, frontal 
headaches, vertigo, tinnitus aurium, weariness in limbs, muscu- 
lar pains, spinal irritation, or vasomotor disturbance, are promi- 
nent), or from various forms of dyspepsia, catarrhal, heptic 
torpor (gastric catarrh, disturbance in the epigastric region, 
acid eructations, furred tongue, dilated stomach, sluggish 
bowels, drowsiness, are chief symptoms). No case of lithemia 
exists without less or more interstitial nephritis, and more or 
less of the increased tension of the arteries. The headaches 
are not due to cerebral lesion, but to urea in the blood. The 
diagnosis of lithemia rests solely upon the presence of uric acid 
in the urine and blood; acid fermentation with hepatic slug- 
gishness, deep color of the urine. 

An affection like lithemia, due to monotony, sameness, ma- 
laria, beer drinking, overcrowding and the like, requires an 
energetic treatment. 

The daily use of the uric acid solvent for a few months has 
a remarkable effect upon the liver in rousing up its interstitial 
activity and neutralizing the acid, thus obviating the headache, 
cramps, spasms and other symptoms. 

The ozonized uric acid solvent has the power of preventing 
the formation by arresting the fermentation, the evolution of 
bacteria, as well as dissolving all uric acid crystals. 

Clinical observation of many thousand cases attests its won- 
derful efficacy, that it is the best agent we possess for that pur- 
pose, of much more utility than all the synthetical compounds 
put together. Its administration never disappoints. 

In phosphaturia, one of the common sequels of the uric acid 
diathesis, it is brilliantly effective in ridding the body of all 
visible phosphatic secretions. 

Individuals affected with phosphaturia suffer much from 
frequent micturition, dysuria, itching and pricking sensations 
in the perineum, shooting pains extending into the renal re- 
gions and limbs, weakness of the lower extremities, general 
debility, etc. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 981 

Administer, in these cases, the ozonized uric acid solvent, in 
small doses, and it causes the phosphaturia to disappear, and 
thus completely wipes out cystitis and pyelitis, changes the 
whole aspect of affairs for the better. 

It is decidedly inhibitory to the formation of uric acid, and to 
the evolution of all urinary bacteria; besides, it exerts a most 
b>eneficial action upon the whole body, inimical to all pathogenic 
microbes. 

Very eminent authority shows that, independent of morbid 
conditions, uric acid is a derivative of animal food, beer drink- 
ing, monotony, isolation, besides being responsible for very 
many pathological states. 

"To dispose thoroughly of a meat diet, requires active, vig- 
orous digestion, fresh air;" change, active growth and devel- 
opment ; in adults who have attained the maximum of growth, 
body completely built up, all that is necessary is food, fuel, to 
run the machine, repair waste, keeping at the same time secre- 
tions active. The trouble with our people is eating too much 
animal food, carbonaceous drink, which is imperfectly di- 
gested, neither oxidized nor eliminated, but lingers in the body 
in the form of nitrogenized mast or uric acid ; true restricting 
the diet to two full meals daily, well eaten, proper quantity and 
quality is sufficient for brain and muscle, with daily baths and 
massage. 

The symptoms of the uric acid diathesis depends greatly 
upon the degree of saturation, whether these be simply enough 
to circulate in the blood, or to form a precipitation in the urin- 
ary organs, or merely periodic attacks, spring, fall and damp 
weather, with a varying susceptibility, but always irritating 
weakened tissue. One man may have it in an overtaxed brain, 
another in his exhausted back, another in his devitalized blad- 
der and prostate, another in his head from excessive worry or 
fret. In every ache and pain, indigenous to civilized man, uric 
acid, perverted nutrition is the origin of the trouble, and it 
must be eliminated or neutralized, its excessive formation 
checked. 

Uric acid, being simply the ashes of muscular structure, a 
product of destructive metamorphosis in malnutrition, it must 
be eliminated by the administration of the ozonized uric acid 
solvent — its formation must be prevented, by all possible 
means calculated to improve the general health and a perfect 
dietetic reform. 

In this very general form of human suffering there is little 



982 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

use in placing reliance upon fraudulent preparations of the lith- 
ium salts, when we have in this preparation one much more 
efficacious. 

Uric acid, head and heart ache, due to its presence in the 
blood, disturbs the vasomotor system of nerves, giving rise to 
spasm of the arterioles, damming the blood in the great arteries 
and heart — in this condition the blood needs the action of the 
uric acid solvent, which cleanses the blood, completely over- 
coming the condition of lithiasis. 

A condition in which we have uric acid in excess in the blood 
and secretions, the result of destructive nitrogenous metabol- 
ism, with lack of elimination. Uric acid is formed in the liver 
and spleen and excreted by the kidneys in the form of urates, 
In gout and anemia it accumulates largely in the blood, as a re- 
sult of defective oxidization. 

Monotony, isolation, sorrows, want of exercise in the open 
air, indoor life or occupation, mental strain, worry. 

The symptoms -of the uric acid diathesis, excepting gout and 
rheumatism, are protean in number and variety and are ex- 
ceedingly hard to classify. Among those affecting the diges- 
tive system are anorexia, discomfort after eating, flatulence, 
pyrosis and persistent constipation ; of the urinary organs, a 
sense of heat and burning after micturition, frequent micturi- 
tion and pain over the region of the kidneys ; the pulse may be 
irregular and intermittent, there is increased arterial tension 
and sometimes attacks of palpitation, and there is generally 
present great depression of spirits and a general sense of weari- 
ness and inaptitude for effort of any kind. The sleep is rest- 
less, and on awakening in the morning the patient feels as tired 
or even more so than on retiring. 

When this acid irritates the nervous system there is vertigo, 
amaurosis, tinnitus aurium, muscular pains and cramps, head- 
ache, neuralgia, affecting various parts of the body, spinal irri- 
tation, vasomotor disturbances, insomnia, nervous prostration : 
heat and burning in the skin, itching, pruritus, choreic and epi- 
leptiform seizures, mental hallucinations, are not uncommon. 

The urine of individuals suffering from the uric acid diathe- 
sis is highly acid, of a dark golden color, and contains a sedi- 
ment of uric acid crystals, seldom deposited pure, but in combi- 
nation with other salts, forming urates. 

As to the treatment of the uric acid diathesis, much has been 
written, many remedies advocated, and extensive clinical ex- 
perience tested their utility. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 983 

No remedy in the materia medica so highly esteemed and ap- 
preciated by the profession as the ozonized uric acid solvent. 
In this remedy we have a combination of the most valuable de- 
scription with the salts of lithia and potassa. a powerful solv- 
ent and efficient eliminator. Its use is always followed by the 
most beneficial results. 

At the time this chemical solvent is being administered, it is 
found extremely advantageous to prescribe before eating a full 
dose of the comp. tincture of matricaria in a glass of water. 
Always best to aid it with daily bathing, half an hour or more 
massage, flannel clothing, considerable outdoor exercise, some 
occupation that will absorb attention, wipe out melancholia, 
and regulation of diet. 

Ozonized Uric Acid Solvent. — This remedy is one of 
great value, being composed of vegetable agents that have a 
direct solvent action on uric acid and negative ozone ; it is of 
value and great efficacy in all derangements and diseases of 
the kidneys, which have their origin in an excess of uric acid in 
the blood, particularly in incipient Bright's disease, diabetes, 
cystitis, dropsy, calculi, hematuria, rheumatism, neuralgia, an- 
gina pectoris, and functional disorders of the heart. 

In the neurasthenic condition of our people, anemia of the 
brain is decidedly common, and uremic amaurosis, caused by 
edema of the structures of the optic nerve, from irritation of 
the urea in the blood, is not only prevalent but persistent. 

In the treatment of ocular affections occurring in renal dis- 
ease, the pushing of this remedy is often the best that can be 
done for the eyes. 

The part that the uric acid plays in the production of morbid 
conditions is now fully recognized. It is accountable for a 
long train of symptoms — many obscure, many not easy to 
formulate. 

There is reason to believe that nearly all cases of periodic, or 
paroxysmal headache, melancholia, neurasthenia can be traced 
to this cause. Then rheumatic affections, tonsillitis, cutaneous 
irritation, as in the various forms of eczema, anemia and men- 
strual disorders. 

Uric acid in the blood must be recognized as a powerful fac- 
tor in the causation of diseases. 

Normally, uric acid is simply the ashes of the fibrin of the 
blood and muscles; abnormally, it may be due to many other 
causes: certain foods and drink are most productive of it, in- 



984 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

dependent of dietetic indiscretion ; nervous shock and prostra- 
tion, monotony; gout, including certain hereditary traits; vis- 
ceral sluggishness, growing old, and the inability of the organ- 
ism to accommodate itself to the change of environment; cli- 
mate, and probably the prime mover in the production of uric 
acid is the distinction between healthy youth and maturity. 

Every one of our readers realizes that the only solvent for 
this acid in the blood, in the renal organs, is the ozonized uric 
acid solvent. This remedy is not in itself curative, but dis- 
solves and aids its elimination. To render this remedy pala- 
table administer it in some light wine. 

To cure the uric acid diathesis banish care, worry, regulate 
the diet, overcome the sluggish liver with periodate aurum, 
matricaria, or a prolonged use of concentrated kurchicin, with 
daily baths and massage. 

Uric acid in the blood, circulating through the kidneys, acts 
as an irritant and excites a growth of connective tissue, which 
blocks up and destroys the secreting faculty of those glands; 
the lodgment of this acid in the kidneys cripples their func- 
tion ; they become inadequate as depurators of the blood ; inter- 
stitial nephritis is the outcome of the uric acid formation, which 
in such cases is liberated freely from the liver. 

Alcohol, carbonaceous food and drink, malaria, insanitary 
states cripple the liver by too much work, and an excess of uric 
acid is the result. The use of the ozonized uric acid solvent 
has a most salutary effect upon both liver and kidneys. It is 
a remedy that flushes the tubules and relieves the congestion — 
the renal inadequacy. 

The physiological 'action of this remedy is based on the rec- 
ognition that the uric acid in the body can only be got rid of 
by a process of oxygenation, and it must pass off by the kid- 
neys, never by the bowels. Purgatives do no good, simply de- 
plete and leave the renal secretion concentrated, so that the uric 
acid requires a very large proportion of fluid for its solution, 
blocks the tubes of the kidneys in the form of crystals. 

Very generally administered in lithiasis, in chronic cystitis, 
irritability of the bladder, chronic rheumatism, neuralgia. In 
cases where it is necessary to bring about a solution of the 
urates, the following formula proves invaluable : Ozonized 
uric acid solvent, one ounce ; simple elixir, three ounces ; mix. 
A teaspoonful once in three hours. 

In typical cystitis, with vesical tenesmus, irritability of the 
bladder so great that retention of urine is impossible; in the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 985 

above doses symptoms rapidly decline, mucus, pus, micrococ- 
cus urese disappear and retention of urine becomes possible. 

In suppression of urine, from uric acid irritating the kidneys, 
the action of this preparation is simply marvelous, diuresis 
appearing, the urine becoming abundant and free from all 
abnormal substances. 

URIC ACID SOLVENT (Ozonised).— Most efficacious 
in dissolving uric acid concretions or formations in both liver 
and kidneys. No remedy so effectually relieves a crippled 
kidney as this; it dissolves and washes the debris away, and 
renders the kidneys able to act as depurators of the blood. 
It relieves renal inadequacy by its solvent action, flushes the 
tubules and obviates the state of interstitial obstruction. 

Dose. — From a half to one teaspoonful added to water every 
two or three hours. 

URINALYSIS. — In the examination of urine the specimen 
should be taken from the whole quantity (well mixed) passed 
in twenty-four hours — that passed, say, from 7 o'clock one 
morning to the same hour the following morning, and should 
be tested before decomposition sets in. The principal points 
of note are enumerated in the following: 

Quantity. — The amount voided in twenty-four hours varies, 
normally, within wide limits. The normal amount is usually- 
stated as fifty fluidounces. 

Increased. — By excessive ingestion of liquids, as water, beer, 
milk, etc. ; by cold and damp weather and other conditions in- 
terrupting cutaneous transpiration; in diabetes, hysteria, in 
contracted kidney and waxy disease of the kidney. 

Decreased. — By ingestion of small quantity of liquids; in 
hot, dry weather (excessive perspiration) ; in diarrhea; in feb- 
rile conditions; in the earlier stages of dropsies; in certain 
forms of Bright's disease. 

Color.— The color of normal urine is that of amber or 
slightly reddish-yellow. The color of urine is much affected 
by food and medicine, as well as by many morbid conditions. 
Santonin colors it a bright yellow ; pyoktanin, a blue ; madder,, 
logwood, rhubard, a red or brownish-red ; strong coffee, tur- 
pentine, creosote, carbolic acid, etc., render it dark. A red or 
smoky color may indicate blood; greenish-yellow or brown„ 
bile; whitish or turbid, earthy phosphates (excess), pus, or 
mucus. 



986 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Decreased quantity of urine is usually accompanied by in- 
crease in color, as in febrile conditions, etc., and vice versa, as 
in diabetes, hysteria, etc. 

Reaction. — Determined by the use of litmus-paper — acid 
turns the blue, red; and alkaline, the red, blue. The normal 
reaction of the urine is slightly acid, though at times it may be 
neutral. Nitrogenous food increases acidity; vegetable food 
decreases it. Some drugs influence the reaction of the urine, 
e. g.j organic acids (citric, tartaric, etc.), and their salts with 
the alkali bases render the urine less acid. Mineral acids ren- 
der the acidity greater. Alkalinity is generally due to decom- 
position of urea into anmonium carbonate, seen in retention, 
cystitis, etc. In this case, gentle heat will restore the red color 
of the litmus-paper used. 

Odor. — Normally, characteristic, urinous. Concentration 
increases odor. Many foods, as asparagus, and drugs, as 
cubeb, turpentine, etc., greatly influence the odor. Turpentine 
gives the odor of violets. In diabetes mellitus, it is fragrant; 
in cystitis, retention, etc., with decompositon, it is fetid. 

Specific Gravity. — Most conveniently ascertained by means 
of a urinometer. The urine should be at or very near the tem- 
perature at which the urinometer was graduated (generally 
60 degrees F.), and in a vessel sufficiently large to permit 
the instrument floating free of the sides. Read the sp. gr. 
from the top of the meniscus, on a level with the eye. The sp. 
gr. of normal urine is 1,015 t0 I ?° 2 5- ^ n infants it is Ioav — 
1,007 to 1,012. By multiplying the last two figures of the sp. 
gr. by 2.33 (Haser's coefficient) a close approximation to the 
number of parts, per 1,000, of solids contained may be ob- 
tained, and from this the total amount of solids passed in 
twenty-four hours may be easily calculated, which is normally 
fifty-three to sixty-seven grains (800 to 1,025 grains). 

Increased. — In diabetes mellitus ; in cyanotic induration of 
the kidney; in acute diffuse nephritis; in concentrated urine, 
etc. 

Decreased. — In diabetes insipidus; in Bright's disease; by 
fasting ; in copious quantity of urine, etc. 

Average Composition of Normal Adult Urine (Leh- 
man). — Water, 932.019; solid matter, 67.981; urea, 32.909; 
uric acid, 1.098; lactic acid, 1.5 13; lactates, 1.732; water ex- 
tract, 0.632 ; spirit and alcohol extract, 10,872 ; sodium chloride, 
ammonium chloride, 3.712; alkaline sulphates, 7.321; sodium 
phosphate, 3.989; calcium and magnesium phosphates, 1.108; 
mucus, o. no. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 987 

Variation in Quantity of Normal Constituents. — 
Uric Acid — Tests. — A roughly approximate test of the dimi- 
nution or increase of uric acid in urine may be applied as fol- 
lows : Place in a test-tube two fluidrams of the urine to be ex- 
amined and the same quantity of normal urine in another test- 
tube. Now acidulate each with hydrochloric acid and set aside 
for twenty-four hours. A comparison of the two sediments 
(uric acid) will show the relative amounts. 

Increased. — Excess nitrogenous food; excessive tissue 
waste; diminished oxidation; gout; rheumatism; general mal- 
assimilation ; diseases of the liver. 

Decreased. — By vegetable diet: exercise: in chronic Bright's 
disease, etc. 

Urea — Tests. — Place two fluidrams of urine in a test-tube, 
add one-half fluidram of colorless nitric acid and set the tube in 
ice- water. If urea is in excess, the characteristic crystals of 
urea nitrate will be precipitated. Increase of urea raises the 
sp. gr. of the urine. If the sp. gr. of the urine is lower than 
normal and no precipitate is obtained by the above test, 
evaporate two fluidrams of the urine to one-half its bulk, then 
apply the test as before. If no precipitate, the urea is below 
normal. 

If there be no abnormal ingredients present, e. g. f glucose, 
albumin, etc., the urea present may be approximately estimated 
by calculating the amount of solids present, as given under 
specific gravity (vide) and dividing the result by two. 

Increased. — In febrile conditions; by excess of nitrogenous 
foods; in diabetes; epileptic attacks; during administration of 
phosphorus, arsenic and alcohol. 

Decreased. — In diseases of the liver, acute yellow atrophy, 
carcinoma, etc. ; in faulty excretion due to renal disorders, bil- 
iary colic, etc. 

Chlorides. — Place in a test-tube two fluidrams of the urine to 
be examined, and in a companion tube the same quantity of 
normal urine. Acidulate each with nitric acid, add a solution 
of silver nitrate (1-50), enough to precipitate the chlorides, set 
aside and let settle. A comparison of the two precipitates will 
show variation from normal. 

Increased. — By abundant drinking of water: increased in- 
gestion of common salt; immediately following the crisis of 
acute febrile diseases, pneumonia, etc., if favorable termination 
is indicated. 

Decreased. — In diarrhea ; in rapid formation of 



The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

udations; acute febrile conditions, especially just prior to the 
crisis ; acute and chronic diseases of the kidneys with albumin- 
uria ; chronic diseases. 

Phosphates. — Put into a test-tube two fluidrams of the urine ; 
make decidedly alkaline with a few drops of solution of caustic 
potash, boil and set aside for precipitate to settle. At the end 
of twenty to twenty-five minutes the precipitate should be 
about one-eighth the bulk of the urine, if the quantity is normal. 

Increased. — By excess of nitrogenous food; in inflammatory^ 
diseases ; mental strain ; traumatic meningitis ; acute rheuma- 
tism ; rickets ; extensive bone disease. 

Decreased. — In epilepsy; maniacal paroxysm; melancholia; 
general or sexual exhaustion. 

Note. — The above simple tests are not given as yielding sci- 
entifically accurate results, but are only intended for rough 
approximation, which frequently will be of service to the phy- 
sician in his clinical work. More elaborate and accurate tests 
will be found in any of the reliable works on urine analysis. 

Tests for Abnormal Constituents. — Albumin. — Place 
in a test-tube two fluidrams of urine and heat to boiling. Add 
ten or twelve drops of nitric acid. A small amount of albumin 
is shown by a slight diffuse cloudiness, a larger amount by a 
more or less flaky deposit ; if considerable quantity, a firm mass 
will be formed. 

Heat Test. — Filter the urine if necessary. The urine must 
be slightly acid ; if not already so, add a drop or two of acetic 
acid. Now boil some in a test-tube. The presence of albumin 
will be indicated by an opalescence, a cloudiness, or a precipi- 
tate. 

Note. — Urine containing pus or blood always contains al- 
bumin. 

Picric Acid Test. — Picric acid has the advantage of being a 
test both for albumin and glucose (sugar), and its application 
in both is here given. 

In a test-tube add equal volumes of the urine to be tested 
and a saturated aqueous solution of picric acid. The albumin, 
if present, is coagulated and is shown as a turbidity or a flaky 
precipitate or a heavy mass owing to its quantity. 

If there is no albumin, ann sufficient solution of caustic pot- 
ash to make the mixture alkaline and boil. If sugar is present, 
the mixture will be colored a dark red or brown, or black, the 
color dependent on the amount of sugar present. 

Glucose (Sugar) — Picric Acid Test. — See under Albumin. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 989 

Trommer 's Test. — To a small quantity of urine in a test-tube 
add a small amount of solution of copper sulphate, being care- 
ful not to get an excess of the latter; make strongly alkaline 
with solution of caustic potash and boil. A yellow or red pre- 
cipitate indicates sugar. 

Moore's Test. — Add to the urine about one-fourth its vol- 
ume of caustic potash solution and apply heat. If glucose be 
present, the color of the mixture will become dark yellow or 
brown, and an odor of molasses will be evolved. Nitric acid 
added will more or less completely destroy the color. 

Biliary Matters. — Biliary coloring matters occur in the urine 
in different forms of icterus, and color the urine yellowish- 
brown, deep brown, greenish yellow, or nearly pure green. 
The foam produced by shaking the urine possesses a yellow or 
greenish tint. 

Gmelin's Test — Rosenbach 's Modification. — Filter the urine 
through a very fine filter. Apply to the filter, after the urine 
has all passed through, a drop of yellow nitric acid. A pale 
yellow spot will be formed, surrounded by a play of colors — 
red, violet, blue and green. 

Pus. — The best means of detecting pus is the microscope, 
but Donne's pus test may be applied. Let the urine stand in a 
test-tube, or, better, a conical glass, until- the sediment is well 
settled ; then carefully pour off the supernatant liquid ; now add 
to the sediment a few drops of a strong solution of caustic pot- 
ash and stir. A thick, slimy, tough mass will be formed. 

Blood — Guaiacum Test. — Place in a test-tube equal vol- 
umes of tinct. guaiacum and old turpentine which has been ex- 
posed to the action of the air under the influence of light for 
some time, and hence has absorbed oxygen. This mixture 
should not have the slightest blue color. Now cautiously add 
the urine to be tested. If blood be present, a ring will be 
formed at the union of the two liquids — changing from a bluish 
green to a blue color. Pus in the urine gives the same reac- 
tion, but can be differentiated from blood in that the former 
does not require the ozonized turpentine to obtain the reaction. 
The blue produced by pus is dissipated by heat ; that by blood 
not. 



URTICARIA (Nettle-rash). — A skin disease characterized 
by the appearance of stinging, itching, red wheals. There is 
very slight constitutional disturbance. It is usually due to 
some error of diet, giving rise to bacteria. 



990 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Treatment. — Cooling lotions of lead and borax. Powdered 
starch with some oxide of zinc dusted on the part. Purgation, 
and a light nutritious diet. Give concentrated tincture echi- 
nacea ozonized. 



UTERINE CATARRH.— Intrauterine catarrh, one of the 
most common maladies of the modern female. 

Catarrhal, or croupy inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane lining the internal cavity of the uterus. 

Causes. — Ovarian disease ; frequent abortions ; the irritation 
of instruments; drugs, as bromide of potassa, sabina, aloes; 
sudden suppression of menses from cold or damp; masturba- 
tion, mental excitement, torpid liver, tight lacing, gout, rheu- 
matism ; incompatibility in married life. 

Gonorrhea, sexual excesses, sexual incompatibility, metritis, 
miscarriages, retention of the products of conception, the in- 
troduction of the uterine sound, metastasis of disease germs, 
and the like, which give rise to a partial death of the intrauter- 
ine mucous membrane, leaving it weak, relaxed, pouring out its 
mucous secretion, in which an evolution of the ameba, yeast 
plant, and sarcinse takes place. The bacterial products of the 
growth of these germs — toxins — give rise to a feeling of gone- 
ness ; a so-called hysteria, headache, dyspepsia, bloating, with 
an indescribable burning in the hands and feet ; a germ-laden 
leukorrheal discharge, most copious after getting up, which is 
intensely acid. 

The sequelae are sterility, dysmenorrhea, and ultimately the 
cancer neoplasm puts in an appearance. 

Symptoms. — It may be met with in either an acute or chronic 
form. In the acute variety, the skin is dry, hot ; general irrita- 
bility, some fever, sallow complexion, loss of appetite, consid- 
erable headache, pain in loins and lower part of abdomen, sac- 
rum, groin, and inside of the thighs. A sense of great heat 
and fullness about the pelvis, and bearing down. Bladder very 
irritable; a desire to pass water every few minutes, which is 
loaded with uric acid. Diarrhea and tenesmus, and subse- 
quently constipation. Tenderness on pressure over ovaries 
and uterus. After a day or two, thick, ropy, tenacious dis- 
charge, which, after awhile, becomes mucopurulent, and is 
tinged with blood, and imparts a greenish-yellow, or greenish- 
red stain to the chemise, or other body linen. There is often 
piles. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 991 

The chronic form is the most common, and runs a tedious 
course, with headache, languor, lassitude, debility; great men- 
tal depression, obstinate dyspepsia, flatulence, and constipation. 
A sense of weariness, if not pain, about loins, sacrum, groin, 
inside of the thighs, and bearing down. The discharge now is 
thick, ropy, tenacious ; very abundant, glairy, like white of egg. 
Often, under the microscope, the sarcinae and yeast-plant 
germs can be detected in it. The discharge is most abundant 
in the mornings, accumulating in uterus overnight, or after 
lying down awhile ; indeed, in bad cases, after being in the re- 
cumbent posture for some time, it will flow right out. The de- 
bility increases, and a train of other symptoms set in, as hys- 
teria, convulsive affections, nausea, vomiting, tympanitis, ten- 
derness of breasts, and menorrhagia, if the lining covering the 
fundus is involved. 

At least two-thirds of American ladies are victims of intra- 
uterine catarrh. Most experienced physicians find this malady 
difficult to manage; nay, some pronounce it incurable, simply 
because they have failed to realize that the cavity of the uterus, 
with its entire mucous membrane, is but a colony of millions of 
microbes, factors of morbid action, the precursors of cancerous 
deposit. 

Success in these cases is to be obtained by common-sense 
treatment. Never inject the uterine cavity in these cases, 
never insert bougies prepared of any drug. Simply wash out 
the vagina with a tepid solution of boroglycerid. or peroxide 
of hydrogen ; and subsequently have the patient insert a pastil 
of white pond lily at 9 and 12 a. m., and one at 5 p. m., and on 
retiring for the night one prepared from the oil of thuja. 
These, in my hands, have been of sufficient power to annihi- 
late the yeast plant, ameba. sarcinoe, etc. 

These pastils must be inserted well up against the os uteri ; 
the patient in the recumbent position for an hour: used for 
three weeks out of every four for three or four consecutive 
months. This is indispensable, as the uterus is considerably 
dilated and its walls much thickened. 

At the initial period of treatment invariably place the patient 
upon full doses of the wine of the aletris farinosa. This is a 
most efficacious remedy, as it induces contractility of the body 
of the uterus as well as its walls ; it tones and vitalizes ; being 
a restorative of great power. 

With this treatment comes a change — a drying up of a mor- 
bid secretion, with no auto-infection ; a diminution of stricture. 



992 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

with every infectiye germ wiped out, an alkaline secretion re- 
established, and the once barren fertile and strong. 

The ozonized wine of aletris farinosa excels all remedies as a 
uterine invigorator. 

UTERINE TUMORS.— Of all organic diseases of the 
uterus that manifest themselves during the period of sexual 
vigor, non-malignant tumors are the most common ; and there 
can be little doubt but that the causes that tend to produce 
chronic inflammation are the same as cause those growths. 
They may manifest themselves in various ways. There may- 
be a general hypertrophy of the muscular fibres, with a deposit 
of fibrin, causing a general increase of size ; and the condition 
may progress on and on until fatty degeneration is reached — - 
a condition of non-contractility which gives rise to hemorrhage 

Fibroid Tumors. — A condition in which we have an excess 
of fibrous tissue. It may be simply an outgrowth of the or- 
dinary fibrous tissue of the uterus ; if not an outcropping, a de- 
posit. It may be in the form of a nodule, or tumor, developed 
in any part of the uterus ; or it may be effused just on the sur- 
face, below the peritoneal coat; or it may be interstitial, or 
intramural, that is, imbedded in the uterine walls; or it may 
be submucous or intrauterine, when in the cavity of the womb. 

An excess of fibrous tissue elements in the blood, and local 
irritation are the causes. 

Symptoms. — Very frequently neither important nor well 
marked, as there is neither cachexia nor pain, in front or back, 
or shooting through. When of sufficient size, it encroaches on 
the pelvic viscera, and can be detected over abdomen, or per 
vaginam, or rectum, or by sound. Even if small, it is likely 
to give rise to frequent hemorrhages, difficulty in passing urine, 
or in retaining it; obstruction of the bowels, or constipation, 
hemorrhoids. If it is interuterine, the hemorrhage is likely 
to be severe, and to be accompanied with bearing-down pains. 
The sharp lancinating pain of cancer is entirely absent, but 
there is, nevertheless, a sort of dull, aching, or throbbing pain, 
with a sense of weight and bearing down, corresponding to the 
size of the deposit, or growth. Enlargement and tenderness of 
breasts, and they often exude serurr from the nipple. If un- 
able to detect, evacuate bowels thoroughly with oil, and make 
a careful abdominal manipulation and vaginal examination. 
. Adventitious fibrous tissue on and in any part of the body is 
indicative of degenerative changes on or in the uterus ; there is 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 993 

no affection so varied in its manifestatoins as fibroma of the 
^uterus, whch is most common between thirty and forty years of 
life. This is regarded as the typical age, single or married. 
Sterile if married has not had children for some years. 

In some cases the infiltration is so small that it gives rise to 
no appreciable symptoms ; whereas in other cases it totally in- 
capacitates the individual for work. 

When it is any appreciable size it gives rise, to pain and hem- 
orrhage. The latter most common, a slight metrorrhagia, 
which, together with its presence, gives rise to exhaustion and 
discomfort. The size and position of the tumor give rise to 
nemorrhage and pain, besides, if of any size, produces pressure 
on important viscera; irritable bladder; retention of urine; dif- 
ficulty of defection from pressure on the rectum ; edema of the 
lower extremities from pressure on the iliac vein ; loss of power 
in the lower extremities from pressure upon the sacral plexus ; 
sub-acute pelvic peritonitis not rare; uterus always enlarged, 
often an enormous size ; glandular endometritis always present, 
give rise to various irregularities in shape. 

Of all the various drugs used in treatment none are so valu- 
able locally as washing out both rectum and vagina with a 
warm boroglycerid solution and subsequently inserting a boro- 
glycerid pastil and ichthyol suppository, using one of each 
morning, noon and night. They have a definite action in every 
case. Whilst using these the bowels must be kept regular. 
The use of ozonized clay, every other day, over the pubes, for 
a period of time to cause a mere blush, affords a slow, but 
decisive, permanent result in aiding the absorption of the 
tumor. 

Of all the various drugs prescribed internally ergot and mat- 
ricaria lead; nux vomica and quinine alternated with wine of 
aletris farinosa follow next in efficacy. 

Protonuclein and thyroid extract must never be omitted. 
A three months' course of these remedies, properly adminis- 
tered, invariably shows distinct diminution in size and hard- 
ness, often a complete eradication of the growth, and lastly, 
but not least, the cacodylate of sodium, with which most mar- 
velous results are often effected. 

Quite a large number of practitioners think well of hydrastis 
canadensis, but as an all-round remedy in fibroma its action is 
decidedly inferior to the remedies enumerated. 

The oil of thuja is often a most available remedy, both in- 
ternally and locally, good for hemorrhage; unsurpassed for 



994 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the removal of any polypoid excrescence — it invariably gives 
permanent results, without risk and mutilation of the sexual 
organs. 

Two of the above remedies should be given the same week : 
one before, and other two hours after eating. To hasten the 
process of absorption, pastils and suppositories of iodide of 
potassa should be used every night. All remedies but clay to- 
be discontinued during menstruation. Hemorrhage and other 
symptoms to be treated on general principles. 

Polypus of Uterus. — A pear-shaped excrescence attached 
and growing from the mucous membrane of the uterus. It 
may be in the cavitv, on the neck, os, or in the vagina, or otrier 
part, by a pedicle, or root, or stem. 

There are three varieties: (i) Gelatinous, or mucous. (2)' 
Fibroid, pale white, covered with mucous membrane. (3) Fi- 
broid, fleshy, or placental. The predisposing cause is tuber- 
cular; the exciting cause, irritations, as abortions, masturba- 
tions. 

Symptoms. — Either profuse menstruation, or irregular at- 
tacks of uterine hemorrhage, or a dribbling all the time, or 
even excessive flooding; leukorrhea very profuse. If polypus 
is large, there may be irritation of the bladder and rectum by 
pressure. The same condition is likely to give rise to bearing- 
down or expulsive pains, coming on by spells, or worse after 
exercise. The continual loss of blood is a heavy drain, and 
gives rise to debility, loss of flesh in proportion to the amount 
of loss. The polypus can easily be detected in the uterus by 
the sound, or, if on neck, os, or vagina, by finger and speculum. 

Treatment. — If the polypus is in vagina, or on the neck, or 
os, any of the following methods of treatment can be resorted 
to : It can be excised, and bleeding arrested with a sponge, 
proper size, saturated with perchloride of iron; it can be le- 
gated and allowed to slough off"; torsion can be used, that is, it 
can be turned a little every day, thus impeding its circulation, 
strangulating it, and allowing it to slough off; or the chain of 
the ecraseur can be applied round it, and crushed ; or, if it can 
be brought into a speculum handy, the ozonized chloride of 
chromium can be applied, and cause its instant death without a 
particle of pain. Now all these methods of procedure can be 
dispensed with, and the polypus caused to die and exfoliate 
simply by placing patient upon the internal and local adminis- 
tration of the oil of thuja. It must be given in sensible doses. 
from ten to thirty drops thrice daily, and it can be inserted 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 995 

in the vagina either in the form of a suppository or tampon. 

Cysts of Uterus. — Cysts, or closed sacs, resembling hy- 
datid cysts, are often developed in the substance of the uterus 
or beneath internal mucous lining, or under external serous 
covering. Sometimes one part of the uterine walls is invaded 
with cysts, or small bladders, while another part is infiltrated 
with fibrous tissue, or the ordinary fibroid tumor. These cysts 
give rise to trouble and inconvenience when they attain any 
size, such as leukorrhea and hemorrhage. If within reach, 
they may be punctured. They, like the others, are unaccom- 
panied with pain ; not infrequent give rise to uneasiness. The 
best treatment is a general alterative and tonic course, with a 
prolonged course of cacodylate of sodium. 

In order to avoid those three common forms of uterine dis- 
ease, there should be a rigid avoidance of irritation of the 
uterus, either by tight lacing, wearing sponges or pessaries, 
masturbation, abortions, irritating caustics of doctors, espe- 
cially nitrate of silver; even certain occupations, as the sewing 
machine, should be guarded against, or other forms that aid 
in the production of congestion. 

Warts on the mucous membrane of the vagina are com- 
monly met with among women of easy virtue, or among those 
the possessors of unfaithful husbands. These give rise to a 
dense microbic leukorrhea discharge, which is exceedingly in- 
fectious. It must never be blended with a neurosis of the sex- 
ual plexus, but rather of a specific micro-organism. 

These cases are cured by boroglycerid, injection oil of thuj 
either in suppository or on a tampon, and oil of thuja inter- 
nally. 

In the female, aside from warts, there is often met with vas- 
cular tumors at or near the orifice of the urethra. 

These excrescences vary in size from a pea to a walnut. 
Usually they are highly sensitive, exquisitely painful, giving 
rise to most excruciating pain and irritability in making water, 
which continues for some time. They also give rise to irritable 
bladder, pain in back, and considerable constitutional disturb- 
ance. The only treatment is either excision, or ligation, or 
destruction with caustics, as chromic acid, supersulphate of 
zinc, salicylate. If preferred they yield slowly, but "never re- 
turn, by applying oil of thuja locally and internally, with the 
addition of the cacodylate of sodium. 

Keep urine alkaline during the process of healing, and in- 
culcate a o-eneral tonic and alterative course of remedies. 



996 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

UROTROPIN. — This chemical compound is formed by the 
action of formalin on ammonia, and is a urinary disinfectant 
and germicide — a drug of marvelous power, a specific for all 
urinary infections, rapidly causes all bacilli to disappear from 
the urine after its use. 

When prescribed in ten-grain doses, thrice daily, it promptly 
annihilates all disease germs in the urine, checks all decompo- 
sition, prevents the evolution of the micrococcus urese, so com- 
mon in either urinary retention, or cystitis. 

Physicians who are curing enlarged prostate by cocain, saw 
palmetto and boroglycerid suppositories, would do well to try 
urotropin as a distinct antiseptic to the contents of the bladder. 

It is a most efficient diuretic, urinary antiseptic, uric acid 
solvent, and remedy for calculous disease. Rapidly renders 
alkaline and putrid urine containing mucus, pus, uric acid, 
and amorphous urates normal in appearance and reaction. It 
sterilizes the urine, increases its quantity, and dissolves calculi 
and deposits. Very valuable in all suppurative diseases of the 
genitourinary tract, pyelitis, cystitis with ammoniacal decom- 
position of the urine, phosphaturia, also in gouty and rheu- 
matic affections where active elimination of uric acid and the 
urates is required. 

The introduction of this remedy marks a new era in the suc- 
cessful treatment of all diseases of the genitourinary tract, 
especially when disease germs or their toxins are present, either 
in the kidneys and bladder — completely wipes them out, and 
at the same time exercises a healing and soothing action upon 
the inflamed mucosa of the entire passage. It operates also 
well in cancer of both bladder and kidneys. Its great thera- 
peutic value is a perfect solvent to uric acid in the urine, 
whether in the form of sand, brick dust, gravel, stone, or cal- 
culi. 

UVULA. — A fleshy appendix or prolongation, which hangs 
from the middle or free edge of the velum palati ; of a conical 
shape, of a greater or less size in individuals. Its use, evidently 
so designed to regulate the swallowing of food and liquids; 
covered with mucous membrane; all diseases of mouth and 
throat are liable to be effected; subjected often to paralysis in 
diphtheria. 

Diseases of the uvula have not received attention commen- 
surate with their importance. 

Inflammation simply causes relaxation, whereas repeated at- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 997 

tacks gives rise to infiltration, thickening and elongation, its 
specific gravity being increased it falls upon the root of the 
tongue, even extends to the opening of the trachea, giving rise 
to constant irritable cough, which is often mistaken for bron- 
chitis or tuberculosis. 

The old treatment was the use of astringent washes, garg- 
ling or painting, such remedies as either a solution of sulpho- 
carbolate of aluminum, zinc, or infusion of golden seal, or ap- 
propriate inhalations of the same remedies. These failing, 
simply cutting it off. 

It is indispensable to get rid of it to wipe out irritation, espe- 
cially if the microbes of syphilis, tuberculosis, cancer be in the 
blood. 

Painting or brushing over the elongated formalin causes it 
to shrink, to diminish not only in weight, but in length. This 
the present century practice and is decidedly good, instanta- 
neous, getting rid of the constant irritating cough, a source of 
annoyance, even danger ; besides this new treatment completely 
annihilates the microbes of syphilis, tubercle, cancer, when 
lodged in the uvula. 

VACCINIA. — A disease peculiar to the cow ; arising spon- 
taneously under certain insanitary conditions, being transmit- 
ted to man by inoculation, either through ignorance or super- 
stition. An idea has permeated some minds that if the serum 
of the cowpox vesicle were injected into the true skin of a hu- 
man being a microcosm of Deity, it would prevent him 
from taking variola — an imaginary prevention, that is, they 
suppose that this cowpox microbe uses up, when it enters the 
blood, all the elements in the body upon which the genuine 
microbe of smallpox subsists, thus either sterilizing the indi- 
vidual or rendering him immune, both to the entrance and 
growth of that germ in the blood. 

This idea, in recent years, has been found to be erroneous, 
as it has been demonstrated that it has no protective power 
whatever, neither in preventing nor even modifying the disease, 
the whole affair being simply ignorance and superstition 
operating upon minds destitute of cineritious matter. 

Physicians of culture, men of advanced ideas, look upon 
vaccination (bovine) as being most productive of degenerative 
changes, and favoring the evolution of the cancer neoplasm in 
the human body. There is no doubt that the introduction of 
animal matter, either into the true skin, a secretins: membrane, 



998 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

or into the cellular tissue, is attended with degenerative 
changes in vital organs; it makes no difference whether it be 
the cells of cowpox or the serum of a glandered horse, or a 
vicious goat, or stubborn ass, the result is the same, degenera- 
tion, Alkaloidal substances are the proper agents for subcu- 
taneous administration. 

VAGINISMUS is perhaps the most common of all forms 
of neuroses — a hyperesthetical condition of the nerves 
which supply the sphincter muscles of the vagina — giving rise 
to a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of both perineum 
and vagina. It is brought into action by a variety of causes — 
the predisposing being spinal neurasthenia, the exciting cause 
some irritation, small size of the vagina, ulcers, fissures, irri- 
table hymen, organic uterine disease, cold, congestion often due 
to masturbation, sexual excesses, childbirth; every attempt at 
coition is attended with violent spasmodic pains. It is not at 
all uncommon to find numerous married ladies who never had 
been able to have connection with their husband owing to this 
difficulty. The hymen elastic and normal in appearance, but 
where any attempt is made to introduce the finger there arises 
the most intense excruciating pain, accompanied with spas- 
modic closure of the vaginal sphincter muscle. Cases have 
occurred in our own observation where an entrance has been 
effected, a violent spasm seizing the muscle, contracting upon 
the penis, causing fatal results. 

The etiology of these cases lies in an exhausted condition of 
the lumbar portion of the spinal cord, which is speedily re- 
lieved by administering green root tincture of gelsemium com- 
bined with passiflora incarnata; locally insert per vaginam 
one boroglycerid suppository every three hours. The use of 
these afford instantaneous and permanent relief. 

VALDIVINE. — A glucoside from pomegranate root bark, 
pumpkin seed, male fern, koussa, kamula, and other tenicides. 
See directions. This preparation is identical with the alkaloid" 
pelletierin; put in extract of gentian and capsules, ready for 
administration. 

Directions for Use. — The patient should take very little 
food for two days, and that should be of a fluid nature. On the 
evening of the second day he should take a purgative (castor 
oil is best) of sufficient strength to cause an evacuation of the 
bowels ; in the morning, after the castor oil given the previous 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 999 

evening has operated, and while fasting, the patient should 
take seven or eight capsules along with another dose of castor 
oil or other purgative, follow that with another eight capsules 
to another dose of castor oil. The worm generally comes away 
within two hours after the second dose of capsules. 

VARICOCELE. — A weak, relaxed condition of the veins 
of the spermatic cord is extremely common. 

It may be the result of inherent debility, aided by a hot, 
relaxing climate, but generally it is caused by masturbation 
and spermatorrhea — possibly in some few cases the effects of 
blows, falls, strains, bicycle and horseback riding. 

Neglected or overlooked it may become quite large, and as 
it enlarges, it destroys the delicate glandular structure of the 
testes, and gives rise to complete impotency ; reflexly its irrita- 
tion gives rise to seminal losses, that cannot be relieved until 
the varicocele is cured. 

The recognition of varicocele is easy: the history of the 
case — the left side; a swelling, dilating when he coughs, dis- 
appearing some or altogether when he lies down; reappearing 
when in the upright position; feeling like a bag of worms; 
atrophy of the testicle, and complete impotency ; imperfect cir- 
culation and seminal disease with aching and peculiar itching 
on the skin of the scrotum are a few of the landmarks. 

Its constant irritation, the dragging in the back, and general 
progressive debility, with complete loss of sexual power soon 
attract the attention of the sufferer. 

The inability for coition is a physical disability, a loss of 
erectile power. The sympathetic soon becomes involved and a 
feeling of disgust toward his partner, and a lack of self-confi- 
dence soon takes place. In such cases there is a combined ooz- 
ing of semen without the slightest erection. Impotence be- 
comes so complete that even the closest contact with the oppo- 
site sex fails to revive the faintest scintillation of an erection. 
If by chance the slightest erection should occur, a premature 
discharge of thin, watery, infertile semen follows ; besides, the 
ejaculatory ducts are relaxed, patulous, unable to hold the 
semen and it dribbles away, and the muscular fibres of the pros- 
tate are paralyzed and unable to promote the ejaculation of 
seminal fluid. 

In the cure of varicocele, not a ray of hope is to be obtained 
from any surgical procedding which consists in the ligation of 
the veins of the cord, an operation not only dangerous but 
futile. 



iooo The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

General tonics and alteratives are always of great service; 
the internal exhibition of matricaria is attended with the best 
results, while, locally, bathing with ozonized witch-hazel and 
wearing a suspensory do some good in the way of ameliora- 
tion or palliation of the urgent symptoms. 

Cases have occurred to me in which the thyroid extract 
administered internally and the use of thyroid cream locally 
have effected relief and cure. The success resulting from this 
remedy has been immense. Cases pronounced incurable have 
been obliterated, and the spermatorrhea and impotency com- 
pletely cured. 

A very popular and most successful method is the periodate 
aurum varnish cure ; it is thus prepared : Make a solution of 
gutta-percha in chloroform; add to every four ounces of this 
four drams of the periodate aurum. Mix thoroughly. Let the 
patient take a bath, and when well dried off let him apply to 
the hairy parts surrounding the varicocele a paste made of 
equal parts of the sulphuret of barium and starch. In a few 
minutes remove, and all the hair with it. This must be carefully 
wiped off and over the smooth surface this gold varnish 
painted on so as to obtain an impermeable coating. The repeti- 
tion of this application has effected some most wonderful cures. 

Inherent weakness of organization is the predisposing cause, 
whereas the exciting conditions are habitual constipation, 
sedentary habits, venereal excesses, masturbation, sexual per- 
version, spermatorrhea, congress with courtesans, bicycle exer- 
cise, etc. 

Its recognition is easy, can readily be detected by feeling the 
cord or testes between the forefinger and thumb ; if it is present 
a knotty feeling can be detected, feeling precisely like a bag 
of worms, which dilates when the patient coughs, diminishes 
or disappears when he lies down — spermatic cord is usually 
thickened, often considerable aching or dragging in the back. 

When this devitalized state of the testicle or cord exists, it 
gives rise to either spermatorrhea or impotency, and when 
these exist form a barrier to a rapid cure. 

If varicocele be neglected and not attended to early it has a 
most damaging effect upon the nerve centres, on the nervo- 
vital fluid from which the semen is evolved — even if the brain 
be vigorous, it will dwarf the spermatozoa, render them weak, 
watery, infertile. 

The true principles of cure consists in resorting to. every 
known means to strengthen the vital forces, improve the gen- 
eral health and vitalize the veins. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. iooi 

Bathing the genital organs morning and night with tepid 
water and witch-hazel soap is to be commended, the retraction 
of the prepuce, the removal of the smegma should be attended 
to, then well dried, and the ozonized extract of witch-hazel 
used with liberal hand over the affected part. This, during the 
day, should be followed by mechanical support, which is of 
infinite value — an elastic, compressible suspensory bandage, 
so as to keep all excess of blood from the parts, and thus, to a 
certain extent, prevent dilatation of the veins. 

The internal remedies, from which good results are obtained, 
are comp. tincture matricaria, protonuclein, ambrosia orien- 
talis, aletris wine, and keep the bowels in a soluble condition 
wih the kola-nut lozenge. 

Usually the result of masturbation and sexual excesses, 
more recently a sequel of bicycle exercise; a loose, lax, dilated 
condition of the veins of the spermatic cord; a state existing 
in which the secreting faculty of the testes is impaired and 
partial or complete atrophy of those glands induced. The 
brain imperfectly nourished, the mental condition is peculiar; 
mind depressed, attention distracted. The constant weight in 
the scrotum, the perpetual aching pain up the cord, into the 
groin and down the thighs, keep his attention riveted on his 
ailment ; his life is miserable. It seems to make little difference 
whether the mass of veins be large or small. Tincture 
ambrosia orientalis, thrice daily in thirty- and sixty-drop doses ; 
bougie and suppository of ambrosia on retiring are the best 
of all medicaments for varicocele. 

It is well to aid their action with every known palliative 
measure of any value, especially such as bathing the parts well, 
then applying ozonized extract of witch-hazel morning and 
night; a faithful, persevering trial and wearing a well-fitting 
suspensory bandage. 

Ambrosia orientalis, pill, tablet or tincture, is an excellent 
sexual tonic and invigorator, and its use as a restorative in 
varicocele will be watched with much interest. 

Some cases admit of a cure, before complete wasting and 
organic change has taken place. A cure can only be effected 
by strict observance of every possible means of improving the 
general health and strengthening the veins of the cord. As a 
special remedy to vitalize the spermatic cord, its veins, the 
testes, general sexual invigorator, ambrosia orientalis leads ; 
it stands alone above all others. Its action is still greater by 
adding c. p. solution of spermin and thyroid extract. Am- 



1002 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

brosia in the form of tincture, pill, tablet, suppository, bougie, 
and ointment for inunction. Bathing scrotum, groin with 
ozonized distillation of witch-hazel, and during the day wearing 
a silk suspensory, bandages, are excellent. 

Unprincipled parties, either through ignorance or avarice, 
are endeavoring to foist upon the profession a rubber or vul- 
canized rubber suspensory, which if ever used will produce 
grave pathological results, namely, absorption, complete disap- 
pearance of the testes, make the wearer in six months a eunuch, 
and in twelve months more a maniac. 

There is something in rubber, when applied to the nude skin, 
antagonistic to life, to vitality, for all underneath it withers 
and dies. 

Too true, it reduces by compression, absorption and by 
inducing degenerative changes. A rubber bandage applied to 
any part of the body induces atrophy of all the various tissues 
underneath it. Fatty degeneration takes place. Things are 
still worse if it is a vulcanized rubber suspensory, for, in addi- 
tion to the blighting action of rubber, we have absorption of the 
poisons of lead and mercury to contend with. 

Therefore discard all rubber goods, as highly prejudicial. 

VARICOSE VEINS.— Incidental to the great increase of 
neurasthenia, varicose veins are an essential element of debility 
or weakness, become more and more prevalent. A tortuosity, 
engorgement, or enlargement of the veins, is attributed to an 
inherent weakness, from organic changes in their walls, or 
to the relaxing effects of a hot climate. 

The veins most usually affected are those of the leg, the long 
saphenous vein, which runs down the inner aspect of the side 
of the leg to the ankle ; the veins of the spermatic cord, testes, 
scrotum, rectum, eye. 

The exciting causes are any obstruction to the return of the 
venous blood, such as pressure in pregnancy; the effect of 
gravity, such as standing all day ; congestion of the liver gives 
rise to varicosity of the veins of the rectum, piles; scrotum 
and spermatic cord, varicocele, masturbation, sexual excesses; 
the eye, cold. 

In the treatment of varicose veins, rest, elevation, pressure 
over the part, by means of bandages, or elastic stockings. 
Operations are either dangerous or inefficient. The only true 
method of cure is to impart increased vitality to the whole body, 
but especially to the veins. For this purpose the internal 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 1003 

administration of ambrosia orientalis, comp. tincture matri- 
caria, protonuclein, thyroid extract, and locally in all cases 
ozonized witch-hazel extract. 

In varicocele, the same remedies, wearing a suspensory, and 
inserting either an ambrosia orientalis or salix nigra supposi- 
tory three times daily ; excellent results are to be obtained with 
a free use of witch-hazel as a wash. Bowels must be kept in 
a soluble condition by kola-nut pill. Rubber bandages cause 
atrophy, and should never be used as a support to varicose 
veins. 

If a varicose vein bursts, there is usually profuse hemor- 
rhage, often dangerous, which is to be promptly arrested by 
recumbent posture, compression with a pad over the bleeding 
orifice, and subsequently by the hypodermic injection of a solu- 
tion of tannic acid and iodine all around the bleeding aperture 
to close it by plastic lymph. 

Hemorrhoids, piles, varicose veins of the rectum must be 
cured by rousing up the liver with either periodate aurum, or 
mix vomica and belladonna, and by inserting at stated intervals 
suppositories of either horse-chestnut or krameria. 

The coagulation of the contents of the varicose vein (pile) 
by injecting it with carbolic acid and glycerin may in some 
•cases be commendable. (See large Encyclopedia of Practical 
Medicine, based on bacteriology.) 

Varicose ulcers are chiefly met with on the leg. The skin 
•over some angle in which the blood clots becomes imperfectly 
nourished, much irritation follows, pain, heat, burning redness 
and latterly ulcer forms. 

All operations, all procedures having in view the obliteration 
of the vein, are futile. Apparent success may be realized, but 
the deeper-seated veins take on the same pathological condi- 
tion, and are even worse to manage than the superficial. So 
a highly constructive treatment, rest, massage of the limb to 
the body, elevation, mechanical support, bandages steeped in 
solution of oak-bark or witch-hazel, sprinkling over the ulcer 
formal-gelatin, then boracic acid pulv., are all of some efficacy. 



VARIX. — Varicose veins. Debility is the predisposing 
•cause; sedentary habits, pregnancy, certain occupations are 
exciting causes. 

They are relaxed, dilatable, purple ; knotty and become filled 
np with blood, which often coagulates. 



1004 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

VARIOLA. — (Micrococcus) . — Smallpox is the best defined 
of all fevers due to the presence of a microbe in the blood. 
Once the germ enters the body either by the mouth, bronchial 
mucous membrane, or skin, it takes precisely twelve days to 
sprout, during which time the patient suffers from languor, 
lassitude, debility, nausea and vomiting, pain in the loins, and 
a gritty feeling in the skin. At the end of this stage of devel- 
opment, rigors and a fever, active germ proliferation and 
ptomain excretion commence, which last three days, then a 
papular rash makes its appearance over the chest, abdomen, 
face, limbs, and sometimes on the mucous membrane of the 
eyes, nose, mouth; papulae fill or mature in eight days, cica- 
trization taking place in from seventeen to twenty- four days. 
The state of vital force, the amount of germs present in the 
blood, will give the type of fever, whether the papulae be few 
and small, constituting chicken-pox, or papulae large, numer- 
ous, constituting what is known as varioloid; or larger still, 
even more numerous, smallpox (discrete) ; or still more nu- 
merous, running into each other (confluent). 

In any of its stages, its diagnosis is easy. The nausea, 
vomiting, pain in the loins, with gritty feeling of the skin, 
during the twelve days when germ is sprouting; the rigors, 
fever, subsidence of the vomiting and loin pain, lasting three 
days, and the papular eruption appearing, first as papules, then 
as pustules, regular pocks, peculiar odor. 

By the microscope, in the early stage, the micrococcus can 
be detected in the breath and urine, later on in the pustules, 
micrococci, either isolated or united, same microbe in the 
mucous membrane of the mouth and larynx. 

The micrococcus found in the pustules is chemically, mor- 
phologically, and microscopically identical with the cowpox. 

The micrococci are pathogenic of the disease, bear cultiva- 
tion well in any warm, nutrient broth; cultures, either injected 
or fed to animals or man, give rise to the disease. 

The microbe in the blood appears as cocci, singly, in pairs, 
and in long or short chains or colonies. They are found in the 
fresh lymph of human and cowpox and in the pustules of true 
smallpox. They are found most numerous in and around the 
pustules. Successful vaccinations result from artificial cellu- 
lations. The micrococci of varicella, variola and confluent 
smallpox are identical, thus establishing most conclusively 
that these are but one morbid state, that the microbe is patho- 
genic of the disease. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1005 

Living as we do among distinct races of men, in which every 
microbial disease is intensified, variola is the great pathogenic 
and therapeutic question of the day. 

The microbe variola can be detected in the atmosphere for 
fifty feet around an infected person ; all within that radius are 
exposed to it and it enters their bodies, but, in order to take 
hold and multiply, there must be particular conditions of tem- 
perature and chemical media constituting what is termed recep- 
tivity. Just as some seeds will germinate only in presence of 
certain meteorological conditions and in certain soils, so 
organic receptivity is requisite, that disease germs be followed 
by their effects. Once the microbe of variola enters our bodies 
and produces smallpox, the solids and fluids of our bodies are 
so altered or modified, that all the essential elements for their 
further nutrition are used up and never appear again. 

If the germ of variola enters the human body and finds a 
medium suitable for its existence, it quickly multiplies, with the 
celerity peculiar to minute bodies, their marvelous facility of 
reproduction compensating for their microscopic size. During 
the twelve days of incubation millions of ova or spores are 
evolved, so that when the rigors come with the three days of 
fever, the microphytes having used up all the oxygenizable 
material in the body, eager, greedy for more, with air and light, 
accumulate near the surface; scattered in groups, in the skin 
and mucous membrane the microbe excites suppurative inflam- 
mation, which constitutes "pustulation." The microbe variola 
is sterilized and utterly annihilated in the presence of the 
ozonized glycerite of sulphur, oil of thuja occ, sulphide of 
lime, bichloride of mercury ; and these agents freely elaborated 
in the blood render the soil unfit for their growth. 

The glycerite of sulphur with the hydrogen peroxide has 
excellent germicidal properties, diffuses itself well through the 
blood, sterilizes that fluid, combats the invasion of the bac- 
terium of variola. It is the dominant germicide in diphtheria, 
aphthous stomatitis, also in variola. Lowers heat, pulse, res- 
pirations. 

Sulphide of lime can be used instead, as it also destroys 
the germ and renders the blood (soil) unfit for their growth: 
so with thuja, etc. 

Are these remedies efficacious? Do they sterilize the blood,, 
render it unfit for microscopic life; do they kill the germ? 

In its etiology, in some cases, it would appear to originate 
in all insanitary conditions, and even to be an evolution of filthy 



ioo6 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

and human degradation, essentially infectious and contagious, 
and, when transmitted from one race to another, most malig- 
nant — black smallpox, skin and mucous membrane both in- 
volved. 

From the moment of inception, that is, from the entrance of 
the microbe into the salivary glands of the mouth, until the 
rigor and fever appear is twelve days — that is, the germ in the 
blood-stream takes twelve days to mature, during which time 
the germ-saturated subject suffers from headache, pain in the 
small of the back, calves of the legs; languor; lassitude; de- 
bility; nausea, often retching and vomiting; constipation. 
Usually about the ninth day a gritty feel can be detected in 
the skin or subcutaneous tissue, like rice, or shot, or barley- 
grains. At the termination of the twelve days of incubation 
rigors and a continued type of fever set in, which last three 
days, and are followed by a papular rash, which is either 
scattering or joined together — discrete or confluent. Simul- 
taneously the same eruption may appear on the mucous mem- 
brane of the mouth and fauces. 

At the termination of the third day of fever there is a gen- 
eral lowering of temperature, a slowing of pulse, a keenness of 
appetite sets in, and the papular rash rapidly fills up into vesi- 
cles, which mature about the eighth day, ultimately drying up 
into scabs, which exfoliate or drop off from the seventeenth to 
the twenty-fifth day. 

Dangers. — The greatest danger arises from the secondary 
fever about the ninth or twelfth day, when the pustules are 
ripening, and vital strength has already been much exhausted. 
In a confluent case, fatal chest symptoms or laryngitis, may 
arise; or the pocks may be followed by abscesses in various 
parts of the body ; or there may be ulceration and opacity of the 
cornea and loss of sight. 

The recognition of variola is easy : history of the case, severe 
pain in the loins, gritty feel in the subcutaneous tissue about the 
ninth day; the odor most significant; the definite duration of 
fever. 

Prophylaxis, a tight-shut mouth, either the vapor of chlorine 
or formalin at all times in the room and throughout the dwell- 
ing; take some antiseptic at stated intervals. 

In the treatment select two good germicides, and adminis- 
ter them alternately one every two hours. Chlorine and bi- 
chloride of mercury have stood the test for ioo years. If not 
satisfied with these, try lime-water and tincture of iodine in 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1007 

milk; alternate with sulphocarbolate of sodium. If these are 
not approved try ozonized oil of thuja, alternated with a decoc- 
tion of sarracentia purpurea, with a few grains of chlorate of 
carbon, so that the total amount in twenty- four hours does not 
exceed fifteen to twenty grains. If no other remedies are at 
hand, give brewers' yeast ; otherwise general principles of treat- 
ment of fevers, even to bathing, which can be carried out till the 
eruption appears. 

If the above remedies are given properly, there will be no 
cicatrization or pitting of exposed parts. You may lack confi- 
dence in the action of drugs; if so keep the apartment either 
dark or a yellow light. If you lack faith in that completely 
cover the eruption with a piece of fine linen on which storax 
ointment is thickly spread. This never fails. Enjoin perfect 
isolation. Give a most generous diet, as the disease is an ex- 
hausting one, but it must be given in such a form as to be 
readily digested and absorbed. Liberal allowance of milk, 
diluted with about one-third soda-water, raw eggs beaten up 
with milk (cold), beef-tea, arrowroot, sago, etc. Tea or coffee 
is often grateful and useful; but to quench thirst nothing is 
more pleasant than cold water. Lemonade, soda-water, and 
•other effervescing drinks may also be allowed. 

VENEREAL DISEASE.— In order thoroughly to under- 
stand the venereal disease, it will be necessary very briefly to 
make a few remarks. 

Under this pathological state, we find two distinct disease 
germs, one of them of very low power, capable of either pro- 
ducing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urethra or 
other mucous membranes ; or, if applied to an abraded, cracked 
or fissured surface, a specific, soft, non-infecting sore, but inca- 
pable of entering or damaging the blood. 

This microbe has been named the gonococcus. 

The other germ is the true venereal bacillus, which, if it by 
any means can enter the urethra, forms a nest and gives rise to 
a chancroid in which it breeds by sporulation ; or if it reaches 
some weakened point on the glans or prepuce, inoculates it and 
gives rise to a hard, infecting, Hunterian chancre or sore from 
which the microbe emigrates to the lymphatics of the groin, 
and from thence to the blood and weakened parts of the body, 
where it has prodigious growth. 

Gonorrhea. — In order to wipe out various absurdities 
which have crept into the medical literature of the subject, it 



ioo8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

will be necessary to consider each disease germ seperately, and 
in so dong we will briefly mention the leading features of 
each. 

The gonococcus, which gives rise to a gonorrhea, and a soft, 
non-infecting chancre, is supposed to be the evolution of pro- 
miscuous sexual intercourse, and when once originated, propa- 
gated by contagion and infection. There seems to be some 
truth in this, for after the degrading practice of self-abuse is 
committed by either sex the gonococcus is found in either the 
urethra or vagina. 

The gonorrhea (the gonococcus) is a term applied to a 
specific inflammation of the urethra of the male or vagina of 
the female, usually the result of impure sexual congress, and 
accompanied with a profuse mucopurulent discharge. 

After an exposure to the "germ," an uncertain period of time 
elapses, depending upon the vital stamina of the individual, 
before the symptoms make their appearance, generally from 
twenty- four to seventy-two hours. 

The Symptoms in the Male. — It usually begins with a slight 
redness, itching and irritation of the orifice of the urethra. 
The glans becomes congested, of a bright-red color; the lin- 
ing membrane of the urethra becomes swollen, and painful ; a 
thin, white, watery discharge appears; urine is passed with 
difficulty, stream is diminished in calibre, often twisted, forked,, 
with a dull aching pain in the back, loins and testicles. 

As the gonococcus grows, becomes mature, sporulation 
begins, symptoms become aggravated, and in addition to the 
gonorrhea germ there is the pyogenes aureus in the canal, with 
lymph in the discharge, which becomes thick and puriform, 
with a greenish or reddish tinge. There are in a large percent- 
age of cases prolonged and painful erections at night, during 
which some of the erectile fibres give way, and the penis be- 
comes bent or curved (chordee), a state which is extremely 
painful. In some cases the glans becomes excoriated, smooth 
and glassy (balanitis). In other cases the prepuce or fore- 
skin becomes elongated, edematous, contracted over the glans 
— cannot be pushed back (phimosis) ; or retracted and con- 
tracted behind the glans (paraphimosis). The lymphatics 
in the groin always sympathize, become less or more irritated, 
inflamed, often suppurate (buboe). Either testicle may be- 
come acutely inflamed, giving rise to orchitis. 

If the micrococcus is not killed in the urethra it will gradu- 
ally die out and degenerate into a gleet, which is often intract- 
able, or it mav terminate in a stricture. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 1009 

The evolution of the gonococcus in the urethra of a man 
who commits self-abuse, or has suffered external violence, or 
from the use of instruments or in having connection with 
women who have leukorrhea, or who are loose and flabby, 
should on moral grounds be made a distinction, but there is 
no wiping out the fact that if the germ is there, contagion and 
infection exist. 

Treatment. — In all stages of the life of the gonococcus, the 
bowels should be kept open daily by some mild saline purge, 
as cream of tartar lemonade, or sulphate magnesia; diet, plain, 
unstimulating diet; as much rest as possible; the penis should 
be bathed frequently with Castile soap and water as hot as can 
be borne. The greatest cleanliness observed. 

The remedies used must be both local and internal, and to be 
of utility must be bactericides of some power. 

There is quite a diversity of opinion as to the mode of proce- 
dure, and even in the antimicrobe used. 

Some are partial to copious injections after urinating of 
distillation of eucalyptus; others to the insertion of soluble 
gelatinized bougies of either thallin or iodol; some use both. 

The internal remedy must be one incapable of digestion — one 
which will pass in the form of fine molecules in the urine, and 
coming in contact with the germ in the urethra kill it. Such 
remedies as the balsam of llaretta, oil of sandal-wood, kava- 
kava. 

Gleet, a thin, glairing discharge from the urethra is either 
due to weakness or relaxation of the lining membrane of the 
urethra, or to stricture, or to papillary hypertrophy of the 
canal. 

In such cases, a general course of tonics, sea bathing and 
other means to improve the general health. Injections of sul- 
phate of quinine in port wine; bougies of aristol or iodole are 
very efficacious. The soluble gelatinized bougies are the best 
for. the treatment of gleet. 

Origin of the Venereal Germs. — As to the origin of the 
genuine syphilitic germ we know nothing; it is very different, 
however, with the gonococcus which gives rise to the soft chan- 
cre and a gonorrhea. Here we can clearly demonstrate that 
this micrococcus is simply an evolution from the elementary 
molecules of nutrition, which has been changed, altered, de- 
graded into other living matter under the lowering effects of 
promiscuous sexual intercourse, where that act has been loose, 
or varied, few women among many men. We find this same 



ioio The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

evolution in the urethra of masturbators for at least twelve 
hours after the act, and also in the vulva of females who are 
addicted to the same pernicious practice. This evolution 
becomes a pathogenic microbe, the gonococcus, bears culture 
in almost any albuminoid fluid, and when it comes in contact 
with weakened tissues excites violent inflammation and de- 
struction of tissue; but although this germ can do much local 
damage, it is incapable of ever entering the blood. How very 
different in all morphological characteristics from the vene- 
real bacillus ! It may either be localized in the urethra in the 
form of a chancroid or on some other parts as an indurated 
sore ; or simply contact with the fresh secretions, or by kissing 
or nursing — that point it finds a habitat and enters the blood, 
in which it finds a true pasture field. 

Soft Non-infecting Chancres. — A soft chancre is sim- 
ply a contagious ulcer produced by the micro-organism, the 
gonococcus, during actual contact with an unclean or impure 
vagina or otherwise; the germ lodges in a follicle and gives 
rise to a small irritable pimple, which gradually enlarges as the 
microbe grows. The power of growth is great, and begins 
the moment it reaches the true skin. The period of growth and 
maturation depends a great deal upon the vital integrity of the 
individual inoculated. Very generally the pimple shows itself 
within forty-eight hours after contact. It runs along rapidly 
to suppuration, forming a pustule. The top of this is either 
rubbed off by the clothes or else it bursts and gives rise to 
superficial ulceration. The sore is generally seated in the 
sulcus between the prepuce and the glans, sometimes on the 
foreskin, more rarely at the bridle. The base of the ulcer is 
always soft (unless it has been cauterized by the nitrate of 
silver), it can be easily compressed between the index finger 
and thumb, and the discharge from the ulcer contains an 
abundance of the specific germ with the pus microbe, with the 
debris of the tissue broke down in the process of ulceration. 
In the soft chancres, there is usually quite a good deal of sup- 
puration and there are frequently more sores than one present. 
The lymphatic glands in the groin usually sympathize, become 
swollen, inflamed and often suppurate. 

Although the gonococcus is so feeble that it cannot enter the 
blood, still its local ravages are often quite great. For example, 
if the health of the affected individual be poor, or if he happens 
to reside under insanitary influences, the micrococcus will 
become very active, eat deeply, which causes the sore to spread 



and Dictionary of Diseases. ioii 

widely, and it assumes a phagedenic form or type. Again, 
if the individual happens to have the tubercular bacilli in his 
blood, the ulceration may creep over the head of the penis like 
a horseshoe (serpiginous). Above all kinds of ulcers, if they 
are neglected or ill-treated, they are the most liable to slough 
and even destroy the organ. 

Although this germ never enters the blood it often, when 
treated by empirics or charlatans, creates dreadful ravages. 

The microbe through all its vicissitudes is found in the secre- 
tions of the ulcer, which can be inoculated into any part of the 
patient's body, and the identical sore will be reproduced, simi- 
lar in all respects to the original. True, the action of the germ 
is local, but extremely contagious. 

In the treatment of a non-infecting chancre, the greatest 
care and nicest discrimination exercised. If a case presents 
itself with a suspicious-looking pimple, which has appeared 
within a day or two after an impure connection, it should at 
once be dressed with some bactericide lotion, which should be 
changed every few hours, never permitting it to become dry — 
an antimicrobe lotion is the best application because if pene- 
trates deep and kills the germs which have probably buried 
themselves into deep parts. When the epidermis exfoliates we 
probably have seen the last of the germ ; but better to keep this 
dressing on for ten or twelve days. 

If the sore or pock is more advanced, or if it is irritated or 
inflamed, the same plan of treatment is applicable. A good 
rule of practice is, that all irritation must be allayed, and no 
irritation of any kind produced. 

If ulceration spreads rapidly and deeply, if it becomes phag- 
edenic its surface might be brushed over with a solution of 
the chloride of gold, followed by sprays of the peroxide of 
hydrogen, then poultices of yeast and charcoal kept constantly 
applied till a healthy surface is established, and then dressed 
with boroglycerid ointment. 

Sloughing phagedena is managed pretty much the same 
way. Powdered aristol sprinkled on the eating surface is most 
effectual in arresting microbe evolution. 

Aristol is also a good remedy when lotions cannot be applied. 

If the inguinal glands become inflamed, they should be 
treated by rest and hot fomentations ; if suppuration is inevit- 
able, they should be injected with peroxide of hydrogen, which 
promptly and at once changes the contents of the lymph-sac 
to innocuous matter. 



ioi2 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The Hard Chancre or Infecting Ulcer. 1 — The true 
Hunterian chancre, the sore in which the pathogenic microbe, 
the venereal bacillus, creates and takes up his abode differs in 
every respect from a soft chancre — an essentially different 
microbe which gives rise to it. This may begin as a pimple on 
some crack or fissure, in and around this the bacillus forms a 
nest, breeds by spores, during which induration takes place; 
the pimple may burst, may be rubbed off, and an open sore with 
a hardened base may be the result. But ulceration, suppuration 
are not essentials of this microbe, and the abraded surface may 
be skinned over, and nothing but the induration felt. 

When the venereal bacillus, in any way, either from an 
impure connection or otherwise, reaches a crack, fissure or 
some weak part of the skin, through which it may find ingress, 
it lodges there and grows ; if the vital forces of the individual 
are strong, it may remain latent for many years, or if the vital 
forces be simply average it may incubate in from ten to thirty 
days, before even a sore or hardness is developed, and even 
longer before induration be complete. The hard-chancre sore 
is generally single, but a woman might give a man both 
varieties, a hard and soft, or the man might have congress 
with different women with all varieties of ulcers, and both 
varieties be the result of the indiscretion. 

As a rule, it is rare for infecting sores to make their appear- 
ance earlier than ten days after exposure to contagion, and in 
rare cases several weeks may elapse. Or it may assume or pre- 
sent itself in one of the following forms, the difference being 
due to some accidental condition : as irritation, friction, inflam- 
matory changes in the tissues affected by the bacillus. 

The epidermis may appear abraded, or excoriated and peel 
off in flakes, exposes a circumscribed circular patch of a livid 
hue or purple color, with very little ulceration or induration; 
or 

An indurated tubercle may form beneath the epidermis, the 
latter remaining intact, the surface of the sore not excoriated, 
no moisture or discharge ; or 

A coin-shaped nodule may develop in the substance of the 
skin, flattened on the surface, with circular margins and a 
definite shape, elevated edges ; it is very hard, feeling as if car- 
tilage were set in the skin, the surface raw, red, excoriated, 
which discharges a thin, watery fluid, which contains much 
epithelial scales. 

Inoculation may take place in any part of the body, as on 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1013 

the lips in kissing; from pipe of a smoker; contact by sleeping, 
drinking vessels, towels, sitting on seats, and handling articles 
used by the infected, without a sore, induration, or any mark 
by which the microbe could be detected. 

If there be a sore, or an induration, or crack by which this 
microbe does enter the blood, the lymphatics in close proximity, 
the veins leading from the point of ingress are usually con- 
gested. 

True, the microbe may enter the blood through every crack 
or fissure in the body, if applied there, without a sore or indu- 
ration, although the genital organs are decidedly the most com- 
mon seat of inoculation. Once the venereal bacillus enters the 
blood, it may remain latent there if vital force be high, as vital 
blood-plasma prevents all microbial evolution. 

Vital force somewhat depressed, admits of germ growth and 
certain constitutional symptoms invariably come to the surface, 
and the intensity, violence and destructive action of the germ 
depends altogether upon the degree of vital force present. 

It should be clearly understood, then, that with low vital 
force, symptoms of a destructive microbe in the blood will be 
prominent at once, or nearly so after the inoculation; if they 
are very vigorous they may never appear, but pass to the wife 
of his bosom and the innocent child of his love. 

All the old discoveries in syphilis are wiped out by the dis- 
covery of it being a microbe, no sore, no induration is neces- 
sary, as it can enter the blood without. 

Whenever microbial evolution begins in the blood, there are 
symptoms of languor, lassitude, debility, rigors, febrile attacks, 
pain in the sternum, enlargement of the post cervical glands 
of the neck, nocturnal pains in the bones ; eruption of some kind 
on the body, which is copper-colored and insensible. Here the 
microbe rests; growth and sporulation; no secondary or ter- 
tiary states — the microbe's presence is destructive to the blood 
and tissues. It has been a grave medical error to endeavor to 
divide it into stages. The very real bacillus, like all other dis- 
ease germs when in the blood, migrates to the weakest part, and 
there give rise to most active sporulation and destructive meta- 
morphosis in the form of plastic inflammation and ulceration 
of tissue — an exudation of inflammatory products, a tendency 
to the formation of young fibrous tissue. 

Prophylaxis of Syphilis. — Annually there seems to be an 
increase, a wider distribution of this germ, which is apparently 
due to (1) an increase of the social evil, (2) to the degraded 



ioi4 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

character of emigrants who are permitted to land, and (3) to 
its very infectious and contagious nature. So extremely bad 
is this becoming that Congress will be compelled to pass, at an 
early date, a contagious disease act, before the entire country 
is riddled or eaten up with the germ. 

Licensed prostitution, weekly inspection by irreproachable 
physicians would do much to stunt its growth. There is no 
reason why our entire country should become contaminated 
by the foulest of all microbic diseases, which is now under- 
mining the life and health of our nation. 

There should be no mawkish sentimentality about protecting 
the dignity and modesty of fallen women. There is no reason 
why every town in the United States should become con- 
verted into a pest-house. Keener minds are needed in our pro- 
fession to grapple with this subject. 

We hear much of our water supply being poor, our drain- 
age imperfect, food adulterated, overcrowding and malaria, 
accounting for the indescribable languor of our people, as the 
cause of nocturnal headaches and septic sore throats, when 
such symptoms exhibit the activity of the germ in the weakened 
tissue. Fifty millions of our people should be placed upon 
comp. saxifraga, which has a specific tendency to kill it, and 
exerts such a powerful influence upon the lymphatic 'system, 
improving nutrition and building up deteriorated blood, wiping 
the bacillus out. 

It is the duty of the state not only to limit prostitution, but 
to exercise a constant supervision over it. 

When the venereal disease is of such a nature as to justify 
the fear that it is prejudicial to public health, being both con- 
tagious and infectious, essentially destructive to human life, 
moralizing is of no service in inducing women to leave the 
ranks of prostitution. As a contagious and infectious disease, 
syphilis, having the same etiology as smallpox and the plague, 
needs the same medicament and prophylaxis ; the infected must 
be isolated and treated. 

Open wide prostitution, licensed under state inspection of 
its inmates twice weekly, is preferable to hidden dens or 
brothels. 

Secret, unwatched prostitution is far more active in the 
propagation of the syphilitic bacillus than prostitution which 
is under control or license. 

A woman who spreads the venereal disease as her daily avo- 
cation should not be allowed to go free, while a butcher who 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1015 

sells diseased meat is prosecuted. The woman and the meat 
are both offered to the public for sale ; both should be inspected. 
Health officers, sanitary police condemn bad meat, carefully 
guard the people from variola, plague and kindred living con- 
tagions ; but the venereal disease is at the door of every house- 
hold, nothing being done to prevent its dissemination. 

It can be prevented; its cause, its etiological factor, unre- 
stricted, promiscuous sexual intercourse, by which it properly 
originates, and spreads or transfers itself from one individual 
to another by contact — a human malady, a pathogenic organ- 
ism entering the body by surface inoculation, and produces 
physical as well as pathological changes. 

Its presence in our midst is simply a disgrace to our present 
civilization. Just at the present time we have a governor com- 
petent for the work of obliterating this microbe from our midst. 
He has all the moral and religious elements in his grasp, the 
strength and power to give an impetus to public opinion on the 
subject, to bring out the higher elements of human nature. 
Solicitation, the selling of the body for prostitution as a means 
of living certainly can be prevented. 

At the same time better housing, means whereby the growth 
of modesty and chastity should be fostered — rational health 
amusements for mind and body provided ; curtail all influences 
that materialize precocity and animalism. 

One thing is sure, the syphilitic virus has been, is, extensively 
dispensed in this community*. 

Prostitutes, as persons carrying on a pernicious, unwhole- 
some, disease-breeding trade, should have the benefit of license 
and biweekly examination. 

Propagation of Syphilis. — Etiology. — Syphilis is a 
monstrous disease, terrible in its effects, and probably never 
more widely spread than at present. The bacillus of syphilis is 
not an aerobic germ, possessing more weight than many others, 
not volatile, but most active in some secretions. Once the germ 
enters the blood-corpuscles, and if vital force be kept high, it 
may never show itself; never sporulate. 

Since the discovery of this germ, its mode of propagation 
and culture, and also the important discovery that all the secre- 
tions of the body of a syphilitic patient are contagious, a com- 
plete change has taken place in the minds of all physicians on 
the nature of this disease. 

All the secretions, all the serum or matter of an ulcer, or skin 
eruption are most contagious. Inoculation from the blood of 



ioi6 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

one affected will cause it in the healthy. One secretion or 
juice of an eruption may be more heavily loaded with the germ, 
and thus more contagious than another. Thus, for example, 
the saliva, the mucous tubercles, or the serum of a pemphigus 
are agencies through which the germ is most easily communi- 
cated. A nursing mother who has syphilis is bound to im- 
part to every child who nurses with her. It seems to be very 
active when derived from the fresh saliva, tears, sweat. Inocu- 
lations made with these fluids afford every time positive results. 

Kissing is a most prolific source of the disease ; next comes 
mucous tubercles; sleeping with persons next — the fresh 
secretions from an eruption; washing the clothes of the 
affected ; close contact of any kind. Babes often have the germ 
from their parents — any mother nursing or kissing these germ- 
laden specimens of humanity. 

Cupping, tattooing, dental forceps, catheterism of the ure- 
thra or Eustachean tube, speculum, syringes, drinking-vessels 
convey the bacillus. 

Glass-blowers are often infected; wind-instrument players 
from the tubes of some infected person. Sleeping in a bed 
recently tenanted by a syphilitic individual is by no means safe. 

The diagnosis of the presence of the venereal bacillus must 
never rest upon the presence of an indurated chancre, for the 
disease may be caught in a hundred other ways, from fresh 
secretions ; neither must it rest upon nocturnal pains in the 
bones ; nor upon a copper-colored rash, caused by the microbe 
whose ptomain poisons and blunts the sensory nerves of the 
skin; nor upon an ulcerated mouth and throat; nor upon 
enlarged lymphatics ; nor upon bone tenderness ; nor upon peri- 
osteal swellings, with nodes; but one recognition of all such 
cases should be made by themicroscope alone, either from the 
fresh secretions of a sore on genitals, mouth or skin or from a 
thin slice of the enlarged lymphatic, or, better still, from a 
drop of blood or rupial patch. 

The germ must be recognized as the special infective agent ; 
in syphilis its ptomain, as a poison which blunts and paralyzes 
sensory nerves. It is the microbe which excites plastic inflam- 
mation in brain, bone, skin and mucous membrane, and other 
parts, and creates a definite arrangement in the weakened 
tissue. 

The syphilitic bacilli do not occur free in the tissues, nor in 
the blood, but are for the most part present only in large oval, 
or polygonal, cells, in the interior of which they lie in groups 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1017 

of two to eight, often crossed or twisted round one another. 
As a rule, they congregate in nests, seldom isolated. Some- 
times several sections have to be examined before a well- 
formed nest can be detected or found. 

The venereal bacillus as found in all syphilitic new forma- 
tions, as in the chancre, or lymphatics, or ulcers on the mouth, 
tongue, or from a rupial patch, or gummata, or any fresh secre- 
tion is usually bent, slightly S-shaped. They show little knob- 
like swellings at their ends; their contour is not quite uniform, 
but is more or less wavy, or indented at several parts. When 
the finest possible section is highly magnified we can see the 
bacillus most distinctly in clear, oval refracting spots, two to 
four in number, placed at equal distances. These spots are; 
spores. 

Take the bacillus or a nest, plant them in beef juice, keep at 
a temperature of 98 degrees F. and in twenty-four hours per- 
fect cultures are formed, which, when injected into animals 
or man, produce the original, typical disease in all its malig- 
nancy. 

This microbe is visible in every case where there is a coppery 
ulcerated throat, or a coppery eruption on the skin. They are 
most abundant in the rupial rash, with the hair falling out. 

In the demonstration of these bacilli we employ a solution of 
chloride of iron to decolorize either the section or cover-glass 
preparations. In this method, the sections are stained for 
twenty-four hours in fuchsin, then washed in water and sub- 
sequently placed for a few seconds in either pure or a diluted 
solution of chloride of iron, washed in alcohol, and then trans- 
planted to the oil of cloves. The syphilitic bacilli remain red, 
or reddish violet ; the tissue remains unchanged. Double 
staining does not alter the result, nor anything to the distinct- 
ness of the illustration. This is the best method for the stain- 
ing of the syphilitic germ. 

Occasionally we have found this bacillus in the smegma of 
the prepuce, and in the vulva, which presented the same appar- 
ent morphological appearance; we have been unable to obtain 
cultures from them. 

YVe present the views of eminent members of the profession 
on the venereal disease : 

When the venereal bacillus enters the body, it has the 
power of multiplying in and acting upon the living tissues, 
at the same time elaborating deadly toxins, which give rise to 
a variety of constitutional symptoms, w r hich vary according' 
to the status of vital force. 



ioi8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Each one of the pathogenic microbes has its own mode of 
growth, and selects a gland or tissue for which it has an affinity, 
but the syphilitic microbe grows luxuriously in every gland, 
organ or structure, if it be only weakened. 

Like all other disease germs, the presence of syphilis in the 
body renders that individual capable of propagating it by 
contagion and infection, for this pathogenic microbe can enter 
the blood through the mucous membrane, without an abrasion 
or sore or breach of continuity — close contact being sufficient, 
inhalation of the breath, absorption of sweat, or from bed- 
clothing and bathing garments. Non-infected become infected 
in workshops, handling tools of the infected ; towels, smoking 
pipes and sleeping with the infected are prolific sources of con- 
tamination. 

There is no use of such senseless prattle to the embryonic 
doctor, as primary, secondary and tertiary stages, for there are 
none, the microbe invariably selecting the weakest part ; neither 
is there any use in asserting its incurability, for there is now no 
disease germ able to withstand the array of bactericides in 
the laboratory of the chemist. 

Diet of the best, clothing, bathing, change of scene — all 
means capable of improving the general health — are good. 

Medicated baths of iodine and sulphur are of efficacy, inunc- 
tion into the lymphatics of the axilla and groin with an oitment 
of chrysophanic acid has merit in it. 

Protonuclein may be persistently administered, so as to 
crowd the bacillus of syphilis out. 

Affected individuals of this class expect a radical course of 
treatment to destroy the germ and insure their speedy recovery, 
and they should have it.. 

The question is, What is our best remedy? Is it mercury, 
iodide potassa, periodate aurum or chloride of gold? or is it 
Phytolacca, sulphur or comp. saxifraga? 

Judging the merits of a remedy by its sale, we would say 
the ozonized comp. saxifraga is many thousand gallons ahead 
of all other remedies; its formula embraces every drug of 
known efficacy, except mercury, which can be added if the 
physician so desires. 

All the leading physicians of the world use it for the radical 
cure of syphilis, and were it not for saxifraga our country 
would be depopulated by this bacillus. 

Take another view of it: 
j Syphilis is the outcome of a prolonged struggle for life 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1019 

between the invading microbe and the phagocytes. All we see 
of syphilis is the action of a toxin which the bacilli produce. 
This toxin acts locally and generally — locally by inducing 
inflammatory action, cell-infiltration in the areas occupied by 
the colonies of microbes; generally by diffusion through the 
blood, causing toxemia, with degenerations, anemia, muscu- 
lar wasting, nervous lesions, such as optic atrophy, ataxia, 
dementia, paralysis, etc. Rational treatment to kill the germ, 
or reduce its activity, or break up the toxin which is the cause 
of the lesions. 

Ozonized comp. saxifraga and periodate aurum check, con- 
trol, kill the growth of the germ of syphilis. The same ger- 
micides permeate the phagocytes, aid their vital energy in 
destroying the microbe. 

We have in these two remedies the means of eradicating 
the disease. 

Natural cure means total destruction of the bacillus by the 
phagocytes, which is effected by good diet, clothing, comfort- 
able housing and baths; complete means going into the spore 
state of any surviving microbes. Then, the toxin ceases to be 
formed and complete health is restored, till some local or gen- 
eral depression of vitality causes the resting or quiescent to 
develop. 

The general health must be kept up in every possible way, 
since any enfeeblement means weak phagocytes, a lowered 
power of the vital forces, which favor microbic activity. 

There is no better remedy for syphilis than saxifraga, as it 
wipes out the toxin rapidly and its removal enables the cells to 
assume the spore state, and the typical symptoms disappear 
with the toxin formation. 

The remedy should be given in water, as it is more effective, 
and never in larger doses than one teaspoonful three or four 
times daily. The toxin is quite soluble and its excretion by the 
kidneys will be promoted, if the supply of fluids is increased. 

Once the bacillus of syphilis finds an entrance, its future 
course, either generally or locally, depends on vitality. Good, 
strong, vigorous vitality, well maintained, it may never show 
itself; remains latent. Lowered vitality, germ activity. If 
an organ be depressed, such as the brain or stomach, or spinal 
cord, or lungs — then syphilis of that organ. 

Take an example in gastric ulcer, a simple erosion of the 
mucous membrane, either acute or chronic. The acute is usu- 
ally small, round, looks as if it was punched out of the stomach 



1020 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

walls; the chronic, large, irregular in shape, very common 
in middle or advanced life; more than twice as frequent in men 
as in women, and if that individual be syphilitic, so will the 
ulcer be, and must be so diagnosed. If there be no sternal 
pain, no nocturnal headache, no enlargement of the post-cer- 
vical glands, no copper-stained tissue, there will be the copper- 
colored mucous membrane of the hard and soft palate, pain 
after eating, local tenderness not great, irregular vomiting, 
considerable grumous or coffee grounds; often fetid, and if 
dilatation of the stomach exists, fermentation and the sarcinse. 
which is yellow, with great wasting of the entire body. 

Such cases tolerate the periodate aurum well, but they are 
not only benefited by that on the tongue, but one or two or more 
grains of jelly of violets, a powerful local anesthetic, mixed 
with thirty grains of ichthyol jelly, administered thrice daily, 
rapidly heals the ulcer, removes all the irregular, indurated 
edges, everted or inverted, hematemesis and melena disappear- 
ing. This treatment is a success. 

With Regard to the Bacillus of Syphilis. — For a cor- 
rect and efficient treatment all old ideas as to its pathology, of 
a pock, primary, secondary and tertiary stages, must be obliter- 
ated, for the germ may find an ingress in numerous ways into 
the blood, and when once there strike for tissues that are weak- 
ened for its habitat — there It will grow. 

Many millions of both sexes have the latent germs of 
syphilis in their blood which never appear, simply because the 
individual who has received the germ, either by contagion or 
infection or inoculation or by vaccination, maintains a high 
standard of health ; but let there be the slightest possible depres- 
sion, there will probably be lassitude, headache, osseous pain, 
liver trouble, bronchial irritation, some indisposition, for the 
toxin of syphilis is a subtle and rancorous poison, insinuating 
itself into the bone-marrow and cerebral arteries. 

To annihilate this germ in the blood, in every solid and fluid 
in the body, is the aim of all sound treatment. Various reme- 
dies have been placed before the profession for this purpose, 
none precisely specific, for such do not exist. 

From the vegetable kingdom, the comp. saxifraga ozonized 
is the most reliable of all alteratives; each teaspoonful of this 
valuable remedy contains five grains of the iodide of potassa. 

Old, reliable practitioners, well grounded in orthodox meth- 
ods, believe in the efficacy of mercury as a potent germicide, 
and' they add one-twtlfth of a grain of the bichloride of mer- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 102 1 

cury to each teaspoon ful of the saxifraga, which makes the 
preparation the protiodide of mercury — supposed to be elimi- 
nated after it has performed its work of inhibiting the growth 
and killing the syphilitic germ in the body. 

As saxifraga is dispensed it contains no mercurial prep- 
aration whatever; if desired it must be added. 

Preparations of gold have some little efficacy on the annihi- 
lation of the germ; the chloride of gold and platinum in pill 
form and the periodate aurum are considered the best. 

In the process of transmission typical types of the disease 
are delineated, the original pock on the skin and mucous mem- 
brane, stomatitis, interstitial corneitis, which have no parallel ; 
deafness is common in inherited cases. The pegged, notched 
teeth are also significant. 

All germicides, if administered properly, bear upon the death 
and extermination of germs, upon wiping out the microbe of 
syphilis from the blood and tissues. As an antisyphilitic ger- 
micide, never failing in its action, comp. syrup of saxifraga 
stands unrivaled. Its action upon the syphilitic germ is utter 
annihilation. Its action is greatly aided by administration of 
a few grains of the periodate aurum every other day, and a 
good tonic, either sulphate of quinine or comp. tincture matri- 
caria. 

Syphilis. — It is a good rule in practice to destroy all 
chancres with formalin, whether they be infecting or otherwise, 
as it is most effective, penetrates deeply through the induration, 
the focus of the germ dissemination through the blood. Ex- 
cision, if it can be effected without mutilation, is justifiable, 
to get rid of this fountain of microbic growth. 

Treatment in all cases should be commenced at once with 
ozonized comp. saxifraga and periodate aurum, and persevered 
with for some months. They are most reliable remedies to 
kill and eradicate this germ. A dressing of ozone ointment, 
morning and night, is usually sufficient, unless some compli- 
cations such as phagedena should take place, when the perox- 
ide of hydrogen should be applied in full strength, and changed 
every few hours, and reapplied again and again. 

Syphilis is a curable affection when those remedies are used, 
but they should be pushed thoroughly and systematically. 

Regularity of living, avoidance of all insanitary conditions 
and of alcohol are indispensable auxiliaries, together with 
good food, warm clothing. 

The syphilitic germ, like all other pathogenic microbes, when 



1022 The Germicide ,20th Century Practice 

once it finds an entrance into the blood, no matter whether 
by a sore, or simply contact, usually manifests its activity and 
growth in weakened parts of the body, hence we have such 
states as brain and bone syphilis, syphilis of the eye, mucous 
membrane, lungs, liver, spleen; such states are usually easily 
diagnosed without a history of the case, by the toxin of the 
microbe paralyzing the sentient nerves of the part, lack of sen- 
sibility; the toxin stains the tissues copper colored, invariably 
in this state of partial death, gives rise to nocturnal pain. 

Whenever this germ is recognized as being present, begin 
constitutional treatment at once. The worst subjects to cure 
are the tubercular, who in addition to the regular antisyphilitic 
treatment should be placed upon glycerite of ozone and guai- 
acol ; comp. saxifraga ozonized and periodate aurum annihilate 
the microbe of syphilis. 

The vices, the defects of civilization, the keen struggle for 
existence, weaken the central nervous system, and if the patho- 
genic microbe of syphilis be present in the blood, it will find its 
way to weakened parts, exciting meningitis, thickening, 
gumma. 

The recognition of such cases may be obscure, but if the 
evening headache, giddiness, mental excitement, insomnia be 
noted, together with convulsions, commencing in a limb, with 
consciousness retained, a strong case is made out. Very much 
of the present paresis, locomotor ataxia and paralysis are due 
to the toxin of the syphilitic bacillus, which the attending phy- 
sician recognizes, but fails to pronounce. 

Phrenal syphilis is simply brain anemia, and with such 
remedies as thyroid extract, spermin, cerebrin, oats, we enter- 
tain a most hopeful view of the case, more than when those 
symptoms are due to degenerative changes, induced by sexual 
excesses and seminal losses. 

The treatment by increased cerebral nutrition, by pushing 
internally comp. saxifraga and phytolacca, and brushing the 
entire length of the spine from top to bottom, a few inches 
wide with the periodate aurum. 

The Microbe of Syphilis on the Skin. — Once the vene- 
real bacillus finds an ingress into the blood in man, woman or 
child, it is liable at any moment to appear on the skin, and the 
behavior of the germ here is somewhat different from other 
germs. 

In its growth on the skin the microbe excretes a toxin which 
paralyzes the sensory nerves : so whatever the character of the 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 1023 

rash may be, there is neither pain nor itching, nor burning of 
any sort. 

Wherever the microbe may be it has a most extraordinary 
tendency to form nests in the skin, mucous membrane, hair, 
nails, brain, lung, lymphatics, periosteum. Therefore the type 
of all syphilitic skin lesion is generally papular. 

Wherever the syphilitic bacillus localizes its presence gives 
rise to fever and inflammation. 

It invariably causes discoloration of the skin; in the Cau- 
casian, copper colored; in other races of men, black. 

No portion of the body is free from the germ. Once it has 
invaded the body it may involve the whole or a part of the skin ; 
it may form a labial condylomata ; it may exist on the nipple, 
as a crack or fissure; or form rhagades between the toes; 
or a fisure on the tongue; or aquamous syphiloderma on the 
hands or feet. 

As the vitality of the skin is often impaired, weakened from 
some cause, it is on this gland that the microbe most generally 
appears. The irritative effects of the pathogenic baciHus upon 
the cutaneous surface give rise to every form and variety of 
eruption, in all of which the microbe can be detected, isolated, 
and even cultivated ; the more coppery and insensible the rash 
the many more millions of germs are in it. 

One of the most common types of skin affections caused by 
this microbe is roseola, on the chest and abdomen chiefly, 
although other parts of the body are often implicated. Inter- 
mixed with this roseola rash there are often found rose-colored 
circular spots, so closely set that they are very little apart, while 
in some cases they are very scarce. These spots under high 
microscopic power have been found to be simply nests of the 
germ ; they are seldom raised. 

Mingled with this form of skin eruption, there is often seen 
a lichenous rash, small papillae, copper colored, which termi- 
nate desquamation, the microbe peeling off in shreds. 

Again, if vital force be terribly shattered, the tubercular 
bacillus may appear with the pathogenic microbe, and both 
migrate to the surface together in the papillary layer of the skin. 
The epithelium covering these tubercles also desquamates and 
comes away in fine powdered scales. After this peeling of! 
takes place it assumes a dull red or copper color. 

In very debilitated cases the tubercles die and give rise to 
ulceration; in others they do not, while in others permanent 
pigmented scars are left. The forehead, nose and cheeks are 



1024 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

the favorite location of tubercular-syphiloid germs, the result- 
ing pigment scars being unsightly. 

Still lower vital force, more wreckage of the nervous system, 
the venereal bacillus may appear in the form of another erup- 
tion on the chest and abdomen, then on the arms and legs; it 
is a scaly or squamous eruption termed psoriasis. The rash 
consists of circular spots, slightly raised above the surface of 
the skin. Sometimes they appear white from the havoc and 
debris of the syphilitic germ ; rub this off, a dark reddish hue 
appears. 

The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet often suffer 
with this form of rash, which is invariably persistent and 
intractable. 

These cases are recognized by their history; their coppery 
color. 

Vesicular and pustular eruptions are also common; in the 
former, in the effused serum of the vesicle or pemphigus, the 
syphilitic germ is found; in the latter, effusion of lymph 
(eothyma), the germ is also present. In the latter abscesses are 
common, which produce cicatrices which are difficult to oblit- 
erate. 

With the microbe of syphilis in the blood an eruption of 
almost any kind may appear — all assume the copper color and a 
remarkable loss of sensibility. 

The cutaneous appendages, the hair and nails, often suffer 
from the ravages of the microbe; the matrix of the hair is 
often eaten out, the hair becomes loose and shed themselves 
in great numbers; frequently the head becomes bald, and the 
hair of the face and other hairy parts may share in the same 
destruction. In most cases the baldness so caused is not per- 
manent, the hair growing again when the microbe has been 
killed in the blood. The nails may suffer, become brittle, reedy r 
break off and, in some rare cases, the germ excites inflamma- 
tion in the matrix, which gives rise to intractable inflamma- 
tory changes. 

To recapitulate then, the microbe in the form of a roseola 
is its most common form on the skin ; it may occur on a portion 
or over the entire body. Vascular changes in the capillaries, 
occasioned by heat, cold, rapid cardiac contraction, influence 
the progress of the germ to the surface; any excitement or 
stimulant may throw it on the surface. 

So also with the lichen or papular rashes. 

The vesicular only occur among the most dilapidated or 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 1025 

"broken down, with meagre food and insanitary surroundings ; 
they are not so common. When they do occurthey may be from 
the size of a pinhead to a pea, conical, globoid or umbilicated ; 
isolated or grouped, and crusting elevations of the epidermis, 
with lucid or cloudy contents; situated on any part of the 
iDody. 

When the bacilli are very numerous in the blood ; when the 
powers of life are very low, and everything of the most 
degraded and filthy character, the vesicles become very large, 
like half marbles or hens' eggs on the surface of the skin of the 
foody and mucous membrane of the mouth. These vesicles, 
small or large, become pustular, or, in other words, rupia. 

Rupia is a form of ulceration of the skin, a sequel of the 
vesicle eruption, pemphigus, or it may take place without any 
effusion of serum. It is met with only in syphilis and consists 
entirely of a mass of syphilitic bacilli — brood after brood, in 
all stages of growth, from the spore to the mature microbe. 
It is estimated that in each vesicle or ulcer, or pustule or scab, 
there are millions in it — not dead but capable of inoculating 
others. 

The young brood below the scab throw the mature swarm 
off and produce a fresh crop, increasing every time the circum- 
ference of the ulcer. In this way there is a constant increase ; 
the recent scabs are larger than the earlier ones. 

There may be a few or a vast number of these rupial sores 
over the patient's body — all of a dark-brown color. They may 
be discrete, confluent, disseminated or in groups, effecting the 
curve of a circle. 

To the ordinary practitioner these germ nests are difficult 
to treat, but with bactericides, and physicians who believe in 
that theory, with our specific treatment check their growth 
and consummate their death by complete annihilation. 

When an individual, possessing the tubercular diathesis, 
receives the syphilitic bacillus either by an impure connection 
or by contact, the two distinct disease germs in his blood give 
a peculiar aspect to all eruptions or sores, causing them to 
become serpiginous, or a horseshoe shape. 

The presence of two of the most destructive bacilli in the 
blood produces fearful ravages, and exhibit themselves as 
mucous tubercles around the various orifices of the body, and in 
a most intractable form of skin eruption, all of a round or 
horseshoe shape. The areas of those syphilitic-tubercular are 
most variable and peculiar for the atrophic changes which take 



1026 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

place. Even the scars following the typical lesions retain their 
color, shape and pigmentation. 

The best plan in those dual cases is to place the patient upon 
both the treatment for syphilis and tuberculosis, such as cornp. 
saxifraga, alternated with cacodylate of sodium thrice daily, 
with periodate aurum at bedtime. The next alternate week 
mistura guaiacol, alternated with phytolacca, and so on. 

Syphilis Malignant is usually caused by meagre diet, 
insanitary surroundings, mercurial drugging, its association 
with the germs of tubercle and cancer in the same affected 
individual. 

When it assumes this malignant type it takes on either im- 
petigo, ecthyma or rupia. This embraces the rupial division 
of syphilitic eruptions. At the commencement or at the first 
appearance of either of those three forms, a red spot is first 
seen, on which pustules arise. These burst and a greenish crust 
forms over an irregular ulcer, with small-sized granulations, 
and surrounded by a red circle. Rupia is most common on the 
lower extremities, but may extend to the whole body. Pem- 
phigus is often the precursor of this condition. In such cases 
the nerve centres are dreadfully shattered, and the whole body 
literally saturated to overflowing with the microbe. 

Among this class of cases small tumors of a dusky red 
color often appear; occupy the entire thickness of the skin. 
These gradually soften and give rise to phagedenic ulcers. 
Some of these tumors contain millions of syphilitic bacilli. 
Fortunately at the present time malignant syphilis in our 
country is very rare. 

When malignancy stamps its impress upon an individual 
saturated with the germs of syphilis he must have best of food, 
sulphur baths, hygienic surroundings, in addition to saxifraga 
and periodate aurum; should likewise be put upon echinacea, 
cacodylate of sodium, , c. p. solution of spermin, matricaria : 
most energetic treatment. 

Squamous or scaly affections, as syphilitic psoriasis, are 
common and are not infrequently mistaken by very many 
physicians for lepra. Syphilitic psoriasis is found in the form 
of round copper-colored elevations, with white scales on the 
chest and arms; on the feet and hands purely copper colored, 
with hard scales. 

The best plan to distinguish this from the common forms 
is by a microscopical examination of the scales for spores of 
the germ, for if the protoplasm operated by the germ be young 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1027 

the toxin coloring (copper) may not be present. In old pro- 
toplasm the character of the projecting patches, of copper hue,, 
covered with hard and grayish scales, there is no difficulty in 
its recognition, even by the eye. The pigmentary eruption 
(toxin) is hard to wipe out, but the three remedies, compound 
saxifraga, periodate aurum and sulphate of quinine, for a few 
months effect a complete change from disease to perfect health. 

Vesicular eruptions, small or large blebs filled with ordinary 
bacteria and the pathogenic bacillus of syphilis, are not so very 
numerous — that is, do not occur so frequently as one would 
suppose. Sometimes we meet with a few in groups which may 
form a crust and thus resemble eczema; at other times they 
may be as large as small marbles or eggs ; a few or they may 
cover the entire body and even the mucous membrane of the 
mouth. If their protoplasm be young they may not be stained, 
but in old cases they are invariably stained around their base, 
surrounded by a coppery areola. In several weeks, if not rup- 
tured, these vesicles become pustules, their contents changed 
form a serous to a yellowish pus mixed with blood ; by and by 
the crusts become brown, with the microbe imbedded in it. 

When they dry up in this form, they form what is termed 
"rupia," a rather formidable form of eruption which, in the 
hands of some inexperienced physicians, often prove fatal, 
from the fact that the blood is litedally saturated with the 
germ. 

The onyx of the nails is frequently a favorite location for the 
localization of the germ ; in that case the onyx is tinged yellow 
or copper colored by the action of the toxin. 

The presence of the bacillus in this vicinity is most disastrous 
to the nutrition of the matrix. In its imbedding itself at this 
point it excites irritation, inflammation, ulceration. This usu- 
ally begins at some part of the lunula or root of the nail, and 
the toe becomes swollen and of a deep, black red. The nail 
generally drops off, and if neglected the phalanx may suffer 
necrosis and gangrene and require removal. The most power- 
ful constitutional treatment should be pushed, together with 
germicide treatment for the destruction of the germ; locally 
keep it packed with peroxide of hydrogen in which a percentage 
of sulphocarbolate of sodium is dissolved. 

The Syphilitic Microbe on the Mucous Membrane. — 
In what we deem healthy states of the mouth and throat there 
are some germs present but, when malnutrition or some other 
depressing influences act upon the mucous membrane, its pri- 



1028 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

mary elements or molecules of nutrition are changed, altered, 
degraded into other living matter which has special and inde- 
pendent powers of existence, and is named a disease germ. The 
degraded primary element of nutrition of the mouth, under 
adverse states, constitute what is known as the oidium albicans 
and leptothrix mingling together in vesicles or nests, small 
blisters followed by ulcers, which is described under the name 
of aphthae. This may occur in any one liable to malnutrition 
and weakness of the mucous membrane. 

Suppose an individual with a devitalized mucous membrane, 
with aphthae, with its two microbes, has the pathogenic venereal 
bacillus in his blood, it will migrate at once to this weak point, 
where it will grow alongside of the odium albicans and the 
leptothrix, shed its spores with such wonderful rapidity as to 
become the predominant microbe of the three in the mouth. 

It is the leading germ, as is seen by the copper-colored ap- 
pearance of the sores or ulcers ; by the prodigious number seen 
in the secretions of the ulcer ; by its great potency of seeking 
other mouths in kissing, and instantly communicating the 
disease. 

The entire mouth may be but an immense pasture field for 
the germ, or only a portion may be affected. 

The lips, gums, cheek, often cracked, fissured, ulcerated, 
all teeming with the microbe in various stages of growth and 
sporulation. 

The mucous covering of the tongue ; in the central area we 
often see a prolongation, or perpetuation of the same rashes 
as on the skin, vesicles, psoriasis or squamous syphiloids, are 
often seen here. Warts, or papilloma, due to the syphilitic 
germ are not also uncommon on the edges and at the root or 
base. Both on the dorsum and tip are often found gummatous 
growths. These often vary in size from a pea to a walnut — 
typical, positive evidence of the disease. 

But the common leading affection is syphilitic aphthae, vesi- 
cles or blebs, ulcers, superficial or deep ; excavations on its sur- 
face or edge — in bad cases deep ulcerations may affect its whole 
surface — or there may be cracks and fissures, resembling epi- 
thelioma, usually somewhat persistent, intractable, liable to 
dangerous changes unless bactericide treatment is rigidly 
carried out. 

The larynx suffers with the tongue, congested, inflamed, 
either superficial or deep ulceration. It is to this germ-eaten 
state of the larynx, more than anything else, that we owe the 
sore throat, the huskiness, hoarseness and loss of voice. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1029 

There seems to be no tissue in the body so rich in pabulum 
for the syphilitic germ as those in and about the larynx. So 
it is here, if there be a weakness to attract it, that it makes such 
■dreadful ravages — frequently commencing in the epiglottis, 
which it often completely destroys; it penetrates to the vocal 
cords and eats them out. The cartilages of the larynx are 
often attacked, and either ulcerate or necrose. In consequence 
of the very considerable formation of fibrous tissues which fol- 
low the ulceration, the glottis is sometimes stenosed and dysp- 
nea results. 

The tonsils sympathize in all cases; even when the microbe 
but slightly infiltrates the tongue, with greater microbial 
growth or evolution, they swell greatly; ulcers of a circular 
shape, intensely copper colored, with sharp-cut edges penetrate 
deeply into their substance; the base of those ulcers often 
slough. 

The lining membrane of the nose being in such close prox- 
imity to the mouth and throat, often becomes attacked by the 
microbe; destructive metamorphosis is not nearly so common, 
since the use of mercury has been discarded in treatment. 

Of all the structures in the body none seem to have such an 
affinity or attraction for the venereal germ as the mucous 
membranes of the body. In the throat we find, in all cases of 
syphilis, a uniform redness on the velum palati; tonsils and 
pillars of the fauces ; later on, on the posterior wall of the phar- 
ynx and the interior of the larynx, which appears to proceed 
down. The mucous membrane of the nostrils also shows 
symptoms of the presence of the microbe. In snipping off the 
top of some of the raised tops of the patches on the larynx you 
can readily isolate the bacillus, but they are more numerous 
in the ulcers on the edges and surface of the tongue, on the 
fauces, in the nostrils and sides of the lips, and on the inter- 
nal aspect of the lips. They are usually superficial, return 
again and again for years with annoying precision until the 
treatment by comp. saxifraga, ozonized echinacea, periodate 
aurum and alkaloids of cinchona are brought to bear on the 
case for many months. 

There are also certain appearances which are only seen when 
this great pathogenic microbe is in the blood. These are char- 
acterized by elevated patches in the skin or mucous mem- 
brane, circumscribed and more or less whitish, in color, or rose 
white. These are developed sometimes on the healthy surface. 
On the skin these germ nests are covered with a transparent 



1030 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

crust, and surrounded by a swelling. On the mucous mem- 
brane these germ nests are a little prominent. The vulva, the 
anus, the upper part of the thighs, the tonsils, mouth, lips and 
spaces between the fingers and toes, the nipples, groin and ears 
are most frequently affected. On the scrotum the merest 
patches are often met with. In the mouth they are at first of a 
violet hue, and then fissures of the tongue often ensue. They 
are whitish on the velum palati, and are also found on the vocal 
cord, and one out of every six cases of hoarseness are due to the 
presence of the syphilitic germ. 

Such appearances are seen at the edge of the nostrils and 
mouth for years, and are cases essentially of great danger ; they 
often disappear and recur, but remain a focus of contagion until 
inhalation, several times daily, of either peroxide of hydrogen 
or chlorine, or chlorate of carbon, and internally saxifraga, 
periodate aurum, quinine, ozonized echinacea. 

Syphilitic Ulcers. — Cutaneous ulcers are breaches of con- 
tinuity of surface either caused by inflammation or some unre- 
paired injury. They are usually divided into simple, inflamed, 
irritable, chronic. Such ulcers are liable, when any special 
microbe is in the blood, to have its appearance in the ulcer, 
which modifies, changes or alters it completely into a nest of 
breeding germs. There is no form of ulcer without some 
special germ, but when the bacillus tubercle, or syphilis or can- 
cer is present the microbe can be isolated from the ulcer and 
cultivations made. 

Probably the syphilitic germ is present in the blood and tis- 
sues of seventy-five per cent of our entire population. 

The native-born American, as a rule, is comparatively free 
from the venereal bacillus; whereas if we take the foreigners 
who annually emigrate here, all are tainted, and if there hap- 
pen to be a few free from all blood-germ taint they are inocu- 
lated at quarantine with vaccine charged with syphilitic germ- 
laden lymph. No escape, for the health physician must have 
his fee. This is a procedure, an indignity to our race, but it is 
a definite measure for the propagation of syphilis among those 
who seek our shores. 

The recognition of a syphilitic ulcer is easy; its copper-col- 
ored appearance and the presence of the germ in the discharge. 

The great trouble with all syphilitic ulcers is, if they are 
treated erroneously by physicians ignorant of their nature they 
are extremely liable' to assume a phagedenic form — a state of 
things in which the ulceration spreads rapidly, the tissues 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 103 i 

breaking down and becoming disintegrated. When sloughs 
form around the margin of the sore and it becomes painful, 
spreads widely, syphilitic phagedena is present. 

Sloughing, eating, painful ulcers with constitutional dis- 
turbance indicate great depression and vitiation of the blood. 

It is impossible for any one now to suffer from ulcerative 
phagedena, mercury seldom used. Sanitary science thoroughly 
understood and germicide remedies, peroxide of hydrogen, 
chlorine, saxifraga, periodate aurum, echinacea and tonics to 
improve the general health and restore a healthy condition; 
our local antiseptic dressing at once arrests the ravages of the 
disease. 

In patients who have been mercurialized, or happen to be 
surrounded by insanitary conditions, any syphilitic ulcer may 
assume a state of either dry or moist gangrene. 

When this occurs, the edges of the sore becomes painful, 
swollen and livid ; a grayish slough covers the surface ; the dis- 
charge becomes thin, watery and scanty. 

If the progress of this local death be not arrested the destruc- 
tive action spreads with fearful rapidity. Vessels may be 
opened, bones laid bare ; profuse hemorrhage may set in. These 
local symptoms are usually accompanied with great constitu- 
tional disturbance. 

In these cases the strength must be upheld by ( a generous 
diet and stimulants; pain must be alleviated at all hazards. 
The sore must be treated by powerful germicides, and the same 
class of remedies given internally. Patients getting into such 
abject states can readily trace the cause to its proper source. 
Under bactericides, benign and efficacious treatment, we never 
have complications like this. 

Alopecia is most common in the asthenia form; that is 
where great debility and general feebleness of the powers of 
life exist. 

Alopecia is due to the activity of the bacillus in the blood 
penetrating to the hair-bulbs ; to a want of nutrition ; to the ex- 
creting of toxins, poisoning the hair-bulbs or root, causing the 
hair to fall out without redness of the scalp. 

There is often a general tendency to free thinning of the 
hair in patches — the beard and eyebrows often suffer. 

The alopecia may last many months, but the hair soon reap- 
pears when the germ is killed and the health restored. 

Internal bactericide remedies should be pushed with great 
energy in those cases, especially chlorine and cacodylate of 
sodium. 



1032 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The resorcin ointment is an excellent remedy to apply to the 
scalp in all cases of alopecia. It softens and smoothes the hair, 
promotes its nutrition by neutralizing the poison in the hair- 
bulbs. The ozone hair restorer also excellent. The thyroid 
extract has done much in alopecia in starting a new and 
healthy growth of hair. 

The Bacillus of Syphilis in the Brain (Phrenal 
Syphilis). — Nerve tissue, being intrinsically the most valu- 
able structure in animated nature, is the most highly vitalized, 
the most effective in resisting depression, the most difficult to 
weaken, and above all it has a most remarkable faculty in resist- 
ing the ingress of the syphilitic germ — even when the blood is 
germ laden the brain will resist their localization of those cop- 
per-colored micro-organisms. 

We need no history of a case, as the germ often gains access 
to our bodies by some slight indiscretion, some impure connec- 
tion without a visible pock. 

What of those mysterious headaches, — aches, pains; that 
unaccountable languor is clue to. the syphilitic germ feeding 
upon brain-tissue, — insomnia, vertigo, nerve storms, as epi- 
lepsy and chorea, paralysis, aphasia — neuroses of all descrip- 
tions occurring in middle life, when the diploetic structure of 
the skull has become obliterated; when ossification is com- 
pleted — all are significant, especially of these : numbness, 
formication at night, with heats and colds during day. 

If such symptoms radiate from an individual, even were he 
a deacon or a priest, look for phrenal syphilis, because, as a 
rule, tumors, abscesses, organic lesions, white softening are 
rare at the early period of life. 

Our readers must bear in mind that in every town and city 
of our country the germs of syphilis are widely spread, mi- 
nutely diffused, in various forms. No man or woman can say 
that the germs of that terrible bacillus are not lying latent in 
their blood. No one can deny that the germ is not an eating 
ulcer in our land. We all know that it enters our bodies from 
the breath, sweat, contact of the affected ; by handling articles 
in ordinary use; by drinking vessels in our parks and public 
places ; towels ; sponges ; sleeping cars. We receive the bacilli 
unconsciously, and if we maintain good health it will not 
sprout. 

We must accept the inevitable; if we cannot elucidate the 
symptoms on a good basis, we are justified, at least, in placing 
the patient upon special remedies to destroy the venereal bacilli, 



and Dictionary of Diseases. io 33 

and aid in increasing vital force by every possible means. 
True syphilis is the saddest affection of the human race, espe- 
cially when it invades the brain. 

The pathogenic microbe of syphilis, the very moment it 
enters the blood, will, if the brain be weak, exhibit its ravages 
upon that organ. This is also true of brain workers, who have 
overworked that organ. We have seen many cases in which 
the microbe went for the brain alone without any manifestation 
on either the skin or mucous membrane. These cases of cere- 
bral syphilis occurred among clergymen, school-teachers, 
attorneys, merchants — all individuals who suffered from brain 
wreckage. 

The germ in the brain produces either nests, gummata or 
sclerous arteritis, which is followed later on by brain-soften- 
ing. The germ produces in the brain the same lesions as it 
does in other parts of the body. The lesions of the meninges 
are sclerous meningitis and gummy meningitis, of which the 
first is the most common. These are the most important of all 
the lesions which syphilis produces within the cranium, because 
most frequent and severe in their effects. Their action may 
extend to the nerves, the vessels or the brain substance. When 
the germs act on the nerves they produce palsy of the cranial 
nerves ; when on the vessels, they compress, narrow or occlude 
those, and when they act on the brain thev may do so by their 
ptomain poisoning it, or by the obliteration of vessels which 
nourish it. Sclerous arteritis takes place in this way : first 
there is more or less abundant proliferation of the young germs 
in the vascular sheath, or in the coats of the vessel ; then comes 
progressive organization of these germinal elements, with 
formation of rigid and fibroid lamellae, with deformity or 
obliteration of arteries. Stenosis, thrombosis, and complete 
obturation of the vessel may result. 

Cerebral gummata have been seen as lar.ee as a walnut or 
hen's Qgg. They may occupy any part of the brain, but are 
generally located on or in the cortical substance in the peri- 
phery and most frequently in the front part of the brain and 
middle portion of its base. Syphilitic nests or gummy tumors 
in the cranium have been mistaken for cancer and tubercle. 
Tubercle is found only in the tubercular and has a predilection 
for the cerebellum. Gummata are followed by softening, 
which is not common in tuberculosis. 

The common lesions resulting from the presence of the germ 
in the cranium are inflammation and softening. The leading 



1034 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

symptoms produced are headache, epilepsy, paralysis, aphasia 
and the mental malady of imbecility, mania. 

Once the bacillus of syphilis enters the brain it produces 
a condition of chaos. 

The commonest form of phrenal syphilis is that of progres- 
sive dementia; but delirium and mania are not at all uncom- 
mon. Syphilitic insanity is a common malady, much more so 
than is generally supposed. Persons with cerebral syphilis 
are often remarkable for want of memory and intellectual 
debility. Such persons become nonchalant and forgetful, and 
commit many gross errors and faults in business. The patient 
becomes quite unlike himself and neglects his family and rela- 
tions, or maltreats them. The law takes no cognizance of such 
states; the individual is really not accountable for his actions. 
Undoubtedly want of memory is one of the most characterise 
tic of the disease. It may be sudden and complete — intel- 
lectual depression with incoherence, followed by complete 
dementia. In rare cases of cerebral syphilis there are seen bad 
cases of melancholia and hypochondriasis, and the patient 
■may have ideas of being persecuted and desire to commit 
suicide. 

In other instances the lesions of cerebral syphilis may cause 
excitement, delirium or exaltation. Patients of this kind may 
have attacks of furious mania. Others, again, become eccentric 
and excitable, and are considered by their friends as rather 
out of sorts. They waste their means, fail in business, or talk 
incessantly. Some are. perfect maniacs. They are excessively 
irascible, often violent or abusive and even dangerous to their 
friends. They suffer from insomnia, but are often capable of 
great muscular exertion. In short, the incoherence, delirium, 
mania, melancholy and all other mental perturbations seen in 
syphilis are identical with those in other forms of cerebral 
lesions. 

The Germ Syphilitica in Bone. — When the electrical 
forces of the atmosphere are lowered toward and during night, 
and the bones and their coverings weak, the microbe, if in the 
blood, will migrate there and excite periostitis and ostitis, and 
give rise to great pain, which subsides toward morning. By 
and by organic changes take place, lymph is effused, round 
or oval swellings form, called "nodes," when the nocturnal 
pains become excruciating. 

The superficial bones, as the tibia and the ulna, not infre- 
quently become notched like the teeth of a saw, and in young 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1035 

men or women the joints and head of the bones suffer almost 
an exfoliation. 

The syphilitic germ, when, improperly treated, may enter 
some of the bones and produce dry caries, giving the bone a 
worm-eaten appearance. 

Injudicious treatment, the improper use of soluble mercury 
by empirics, inexperienced practitioners, in a most remarkable 
degree influences this form of caries, and they will hold on to 
it until the external table of the skull becomes eaten like a sieve 
by the microbe. 

This form of dry caries also attacks the bones of the nostrils, 
although periostitis is almost always the cause of the con- 
comitant ozena. Whilst one part of the bone may be eaten 
away by the germ, the opposite side may be undergoing a 
thickening by a deposit of the germ imbedded in the lymph 
in its interstices. The pain in all cases in which the microbe 
enters the bone and there grows is nocturnal for the reasons 
already stated and causes sleeplessness. When in the bones of 
the head it may result from a node on the internal table of the 
skull. In such cases there is often great giddiness, with epi- 
leptiform seizures and a feeling of tearing and excruciating 
twisting of the parts is complained of. Dry caries of the skull 
is characterized by persistent headache, and by slight promi- 
nences which have depressions. 

Acute Inflammation of the Prostate. — A partial death 
of the prostate gland at the neck of the bladder may be either 
acute or chronic. 

Acute inflammation of the prostate is generally the result 
of either a gonorrhea, the erroneous exhibition of remedies; 
"blows ; irritation of the genital organs by masturbation, or per- 
version of the sexual act ; irritation of the rectum ; exposure to 
wet or cold ; passage of instruments. 

The ordinary symptoms are pain, heat in the perineum, fre- 
quent calls to make water, with difficulty in doing so. In 
some cases the swollen gland interferes with micturition, and 
there is retention of urine. Evacuation of the rectum is at- 
tended with pain. 

Prostatis causes much swelling of the whole gland, with 
great pain in the gland, and also in the limbs; fever, prostra- 
tion. 

In the treatment of such cases the patient should be confined 
to bed; hot anodyne fomentations kept constantly applied. 
Large doses of the green root tincture of gelsemium ad- 



1036 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ministered, with cocain suppository into the rectum. If 
there be retention of urine it must be drawn off from time to- 
time as occasion requires. As soon as the acute symptoms sub- 
side he should be placed upon the black-willow bark. 

Enlargement of the Prostate Gland. — There is no- 
gland in the entire body which so frequently suffers irritation. 
If weakened or damaged and the bacillus of tubercle or syphilis 
be in the blood they are often thrown out into the structure of 
the gland, which gives rise to rapid enlargement. In simple 
irritation fibrous tissue is effused ; whether microbial or simple 
there is a natural tendency in the gland after the age of fifty 
to enlarge from its natural size of a chestnut to that of an 
orange. When an enlarged prostate is cut into after death 
it exhibits a very firm, whitish-brown substance, fibrous bands 
and calcareous deposits; ulcerations and fistulous openings, 
anterior and posterior. Invariably impotency, urinary trouble, 
continence or incontinence of urine, with the micrococcus urese 
in the bladder, which gives rise to straining efforts at micturi- 
tion which tell disastrously on the bladder, giving rise to 
organic changes, catarrh, thickening, ulceration. 

Catarrh of the Prostate Gland. — Gonorrhea, mastur- 
bation, sexual excesses, perversion of sexual congress, immoral 
reading, an impure mode of life, bicycle riding weaken the nor- 
mal vitality of the prostate gland, and give rise to a catarrhal 
condition — a state in which the natural secretion of the gland 
is white, shiny, glairy or milky ; in which its chemical secretion 
is changed or altered ; in which no spermatozoa can be detected, 
but in their stead prostatic crystals, and hopeless, irreparable 
impotency takes place. 

Prostatorrhea is essentially a malady of our neurasthenic 
young men — a most common affection, one that is sapping the 
growth, vigor and future prosperity of our country, draining 
its strength and energy. If the place of the robust and healthy 
are to be filled by these effeminate, weakened, nervous, and 
physically drained youths it will be most disastrous indeed. 

Every man who has a leakage, even a moisture, should con- 
sult us either personally or by letter, as all urethral discharges 
tend but one way. 

Syphilitic Affections of the Cornea. — Keratitis is 
generally associated with much photophobia and lachryma- 
tion. Patients of a tubercular and syphilitic constitution are 
its victims. There is usually some fever, haziness of the 
cornea. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1Q 37 

The syphilitic germ usually enters the cornea at the centre. 
From the remarkable rapidity of microbe growth the cornea 
soon becomes hazy and covered with white specks of opacity 
between the laminae. There is usually increased vascularity 
of the corneal vessels. In a few weeks' time the other cornea 
becomes similarly invaded, unless very active measures are 
taken to arrest the destructive progress of the bacillus. Asso- 
ciated with this there are other evidences of the venereal bacil- 
lus — the pegged, defective teeth, broad and flat nose, thick 
upper lip, fissured margins of the lops, peculiar muddy com- 
plexion, etc., all indicative of the presence of the microbe. 
Nourishing food, iron, tonics, comp. saxifraga and the aurum 
and platinum tablet. 

Iritis — Eye Affection of Systemic Syphilis. — S^bhi- 
litic iritis is one of the most frequent forms of syphilitic affec- 
tions observed in the eruptive period of the disease. In a large 
array of syphilitic cases the author has seen much of this dis- 
ease, and it is much more prevalent than is generally supposed ; 
even that myopia of school-children so much talked about, nine 
cases out of ten are due to the syphilitic germ in their parents, 
and are cured by us by antibacillary remedies which we use 
for the cure of syphilis. 

Authors speak of iritis as superficial and deep-seated. In 
ordinary cases the eye is red from congestion, the iris dull, then 
of a dusky hue, with occasional small elevations on its surface. 
The pupil is uneven and more or less altered in form — triangu- 
lar shaped ; the iris sometimes assumes a yellowish, rusty hue. 
In some cases there is adhesion of the posterior part of the iris 
to the lens. Physicians ignorant of its microbial origin will 
treat it and it apparently gets well, but it will recur again and 
again, year after year, and in this way give rise to irremediable 
damage to vision. The pain is slight at first, afterwards severe 
round the orbit. Intolerance of light is uncommon. It is rare 
for both eyes to be attacked at once ; still, they both later on are 
affected. It is a most obstinate form — stubborn to reach, and 
unless the patient is placed upon the remedies laid down in this 
work, with locally atropia (gr. iv to one ounce of vaselin). 
I have met much of this form of iritis among syphilitic children 
which is easily recognized by the irregularity of the pupil, the 
presence of dimness of the cornea. 

In some cases of syphilitic iritis the germ migrates to the 
choroid and retina, and causes destruction of the eye. Besides 
which the cornea becomes also involved, giving rise to great 



1038 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

imperfection of vision. There is muscse volitantes, some pho- 
tophobia and considerable night pain. 

In my examination of these cases with the ophthalmoscope, 
we can see sinuous veins packed with the germs, with hazy, 
vitreous humor showing the optic nerve in a fog. Patches of 
exudation are seen on the choroid. 

In spyhilitic retinitis the optic nerve has an ill-defined out- 
line, and is surrounded by a dirty, greenish zone. 

Mydriasis is rare ; still, it occurs. 

It is well that physicians should be aware that the microbe 
of syphilis is the cause of both hereditary and acquired blind- 
ness; the statistics of all our institutions for the blind will 
verify this assertion. 

Loss of vision may be occasioned by exostoses and caries of 
the sphenoid bone, or by syphilitic humors pressing upon the 
optic nerve. There may be complete loss of vision also by 
syphilitic tumors pressing upon the optic nerve. The same may 
take place from changes in the interior of the orbit and seen by 
the ophthalmoscope, such as contraction in the size of the ar- 
teries and atrophy of the papillae. Blindness or amaurosis is 
not, by any means, rare ; neither is atrophy of the disc. 

Syphilitic iritis is not uncommonly a loss of vision. 

Iritis. — When the nervous system of the patient has been 
shattered or broke down either by overwork or excesses or 
meagre food, or insanitary states, or mercurial drugging, or 
any depleting cause, the venereal bacillus seeks that delicate, 
sensitive structure of the iris. The presence of the germ in this 
part of the eye is invariably accompanied by pain, aching, head- 
ache, with more or less photophobia and lachrymation. The 
conjunctiva and other structures sympathize, and the iris itself 
becomes surrounded by a deep zone of congested vessels in 
which the microbe is at work. The aqueous humor is also 
infiltrated by the microbe, becomes turbid from their presence, 
and the effused products of inflammation. This causes a 
change in the color of the iris as well as a blurred or ragged 
edge appearance. 

The pupil is sluggish, different in size from its fellow. In 
the anterior chamber, on the margin of the pupil, and in the 
substance of the iris, beads of lymph may be seen. If iritis be 
erroneously treated, or neglected, or permitted to run its course 
the plastic lymph and the ptomain of the germ become organ- 
ized into a degenerative form of fibrous tissue, which causes a 
complete adhesion between the germ-laden iris and the lens 
capsule — even lymph bands extend to the cornea. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. io 39 

The formation of such adhesions, the degenerative changes 
induced by the bacillus, often give rise to the most persistent 
form of chronic iritis that can be imagined, with an exten- 
sion of the inflammation to the ciliary processes and choroid. 

The essential elements of sound treatment must be observed, 
the bacillus must be destroyed with our great specific, the comp. 
saxifraga and the gold and platinum pill. In addition, rest in 
bed in a dark room, freedom from care or worry; the best of 
diet. 

The pupil should be kept well dilated by dropping into both 
eyes a solution of atropia; large doses of sulphate of quinine 
should be administered, and active stimulation at the nape of 
the neck, over the origin of the optic nerve, in the medulla ob- 
longata, resorted to. 

The affections of the auditory nerve caused by the germ 
syphilitica are buzzing, whistling, ticking sounds, or deafness 
of various degrees. The affections of the optic nerve are by 
no means rare and occur in one out of ten of all cases of cerebral 
syphilis. They are generally progressive in their evolution. 
They are of all degrees, from slight amblyopia to complete 
blindness. Amaurosis and ptosis often exist together. The 
lesions seen in these cases are known as optic neuritis, and 
atrophy of the disc. These states testify to the presence of a 
lesion seated behind the optic nerve, within the cranium. 

Ptosis, a dropping of the eyelid, is not infrequently the sole 
lesion observed in cerebral syphilis — the germ attacking the 
centre of innervation of the upper eyelid. 

A palsy of the eyeball is more rare. 

Rhinitis. — A very gloomy and foreboding condition, dan- 
gerous, is when the germ attacks the lining membrane of the 
nostrils, and gives rise to ozena. One nostril is generally 
first invaded and the patient complains of obstruction and 
sometimes of pain at one point. The external integument be- 
comes red and inflamed. Serosanguineous fluid, loaded with 
genus, begins to exude, and is often very fetid. When the 
inflammation is confined to the anterior part of the fossa, 
crusts are seen covering ulcers. If the germ is not annihilated 
it will attack the cartilages and bones of the nose and may 
cause the nose to waste — atrophy. This is a serious lesion 
and requires energetic treatment, vigorous medication with our 
best remedies. Topical applications are of little avail when the 
germs have penetrated deeply. 

Ozsena syphilitica and numerous cases of nasal catarrh ex- 



1 040 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

hibit in a marvelous manner, the opedations of the germ hx 
the nose. The nasal canal invariably exhibits irritation in sys- 
temic syphilis, and the bones not infrequently become necrosed 
by the germ. 

The nasal canal has long been known to become inflamed 
in syphilis ; especially in old, neglected cases the canal is badly 
damaged, being literally germ-eaten. 

General Treatment for Syphilis. — Peroxide of hydrogen, to 
which either resorcin' or sulphocarbolate of zinc is added, 
snuffed up or brushed over the parts thrice daily, is very effica- 
cious, with the occasional use of iodol snuff. 

The Microbe of Syphilis Attacking the Spinal Cord- 
and its Membranes. — The usual effects of the bacillus of 
syphilis upon the spinal cord or its membranes is to excite a 
chronic form of myelitus, with effusion of plastic lymph, a type 
of disease which is remarkable for its chronicity and termi- 
nates either in chorea, locomotor ataxia or paralysis. 

Locomotor ataxia has increased with . precisely the same 
ratio as the syphilitic germ. About 90 per cent of all cases 
can be traced to the presence of that microbe. That ataxia 
should be caused by this germ is due to the power which that 
germ possesses of deteriorating nutrition and thereby the 
power of resistance of this part of the central nervous system 
is weakened, and also to the peculiar form of fibroplastic in- 
flammation which is set up. 

When this kind of inflammation attacks the posterior zones 
of the spinal cord, it gives rise to fibrous effusion, a true scle- 
rosis, which branches out in all directions, and literally de- 
stroys the function of the cord. 

The bacillus of syphilis, when in the blood, often invades 
the spinal cord if it be weak. The presence of the germ in this 
structure very much resembles that of the brain. The germ 
is usually found in the dura mater; but the cord itself may 
be turned into a substance like fibrous tissue; the nerve-cells 
being obliterated ; or it may be softened, just as we have in 
the meninges and arteries of the brain. Syphilitic nests, or 
gummy tumors, are found in the cord, resembling those in the 
liver. Locomotor ataxia is caused by the germ syphilitica, a 
sclerosis of the cord which causes a destruction of the nerve- 
cells. Why the germ should select the posterior columns of 
the cord is not quite clear. Still it is the cause of ataxia. 
Paraplegia is very frequently syphilitic in its origin, and all 
physicians are agreed that the large number and great increase 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1041 

in all nervous diseases is due to syphilis. There is sometimes 
a. difficulty in deciding whether the paralysis of the extremities 
be due to the cord or brain; that is, when all four extremities 
are involved ; when the brain is effected, some cranial nerve is 
implicated. A sense of constriction around the body is a symp- 
tom of spinal disease, and this may be felt at all levels, from the 
axilla to the pelvis. This symptom is not seen in cerebral, but 
only in spinal affections. 

The purely syphilitic tongue is characterized by its wrinkled 
and shriveled appearance; the whole organ is more or less de- 
nuded of epithelium; presents a mottled, whitish appearance, 
and often looks small and pointed. Generally we find a few 
shallow ulcers scattered about its dorsum, with intervening 
ridges of tissue; comparatively elevated, and more or less de- 
nuded of epithelium. There may be sessile, whitish, warty 
growths of irregular shape, with fringed and ragged edges; 
usually multiple. Warts along the edge and root of the tongue 
are very generally met with on males and are most excellent 
landmarks as to the presence of the bacillus in the blood. The 
adjoining mucous membrane of the lips and cheek presents 
numerous patches of faintly-white discoloration, alternating 
•irregularly with tracts of healthy epithelium; the former ap- 
pearance being due to shallow ulceration and subsequent cica- 
trization. 

Ichthyosis of the tongue is frequently met with. 

If a gummata is formed and breaks down, there will be no 
appreciable induration around the ulcer, and the rest of the 
tongue does not put on a glassy edema. The lymphatic glands 
under the gum will be slightly enlarged. They usually remain 
small, hard and permanently hypertrophied, but do not pro- 
gress to suppuration. Syphilitic ulcers are painless; the 
breath never has the fetor which is present in cancer. 

Tumors, consisting of millions of the bacilli of syphilis, are 
found on the tongue, in many cases, near the base, like 
hazel-nuts. If not treated, these soften, and, bursting, leave 
abscesses in the organ, and cicatrices. They are not infre- 
quently mistaken for cancer, when in the ulcerative stage ; but 
the chronic progress of the syphilitic ulceration, the odor of 
the breath, the non-implication of the lymphatic glands, and a 
microscopical examination of the discharge from the ulcer will 
clear up the diagnosis at once. Germ-nests, or gummy tumors, 
rapidly perforate the velum and hard palate. 

Such cases should be treated vigorously by our valuable bac- 



1042 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

tericides; by the application of the dioxide of hydrogen thrice 
daily; saxifraga; periodate aurum; echinacea. 

If large ulcerations fill the mouth, or pharynx, nitric acid 
should be fearlessly applied, followed with the dioxide of hy- 
drogen as a wash. Adhesions of the uvula to the posterior 
esophagus opposite the larynx has been found. 

Mouth and Pharynx. — The mucous membrane of the 
mouth very early exhibits the presence of the syphilitic germ in 
the blood by its ptomain coloring the lining membrane of the 
oral cavity. Irritation, inflammation, ulceration, or, in other 
words, a partial death of the tissue from the presence of the 
germ; thus we find ulcers on the tonsils, edge of the tongue, 
gums, pharynx. The various parts are reduced to a mass of 
pulpy consistence. ' The bones of the hard palate often become 
exposed, and necrosed by ■ such ulceration. The palate is 
commonly attacked, but the pharynx and larynx are very fre- 
quently involved in the destructive process, which is often de- 
plorable. Sloughing of the throat is common where the pa- 
tient has been maltreated. 

Larynx, Bronchial Tubes, Lungs. — The bacillus of 
syphilis has a strong affinity for the fine, delicate, highly or- 
ganized mucous membrane and cartilages of the larynx. The 
slightest hoarseness or change in the voice is one of great dan- 
ger, as the germ eats rapidly and is liable to produce necrosis 
of the cartilages, complete destruction of the epiglottis. The 
loss of voice so common among all syphilitic patients results 
from the germ gnawing the vocal cords; the aphonia of per- 
manent their destruction, with probably either necrosis of the 
cartilages of the trachea and larynx. 

The germ of syphilis evades the joints, but strikes for the 
spongy tissues of the head of the bones, together with the pink 
marrow. 

The syphilitic germ in any portion of the throat, fauces, 
larynx, or trachea, is of grave importance. Ulceration of the 
epiglottis, with perforation, is by no means rare ; ulceration of 
the mucous membrane of the vocal cords often has a fatal term- 
ination in spite of our best efforts. When such ulcers are got 
to heal, they often leave behind them a dangerous narrowing^ 
of the chink of the glottis. Venereal nests of the germ, or 
gummy tumors, form in the mucous membrane of the epiglottis, 
or vocal cords, soften and ulcerate. Edema of the glottis is 
often caused by the syphilitic germ, and the cartilages are often 
necrosed or carious. These cases are generally complicated 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1043 

with the tubercular germ. It is not, however, difficult to diag- 
nose those ulcers ; the presence of the germ in the moist secre- 
tions from the ulcers and their appearance to the eye and laryn- 
goscope are sufficient — copper or yellow colored, "syphilis;" 
cheesy mottled in "tuberculosis" Loss of voice and difficulty 
of breathing in most cases. There is a short cough, scanty 
expectoration; in other cases purulent, tinged with blood. 
Asphyxia may take place from the edema. Deglutition is 
sometimes very difficult, especially when the glottis is attacked. 
Syphilitic laryngitis is quite common, and unless tenderly 
guarded with great skill often fatal. 

The trachea is often invaded by the germ ; all parts are liable 
to ulceration and thickening of the submucous tissue, causing 
narrowing of the trachea along its circular muscular fibres, 
gives rise to what is termed syphilitic asthma. 

Syphilitic bronchitis is quite common and is easily recog- 
nized by the usual landmarks. The microbe can be detected in 
the sputum without any tubercle being present. Nodules are 
often detected on the tubes loaded. The bronchi are often ex- 
tensively ulcerated, and rilled with pus. Whistling sounds are 
heard in inspiration, indicates clearly lesion of the trachea ; per- 
cussion and auscultation revealing nothing abnormal in the 
lungs. 

The exhibition of the same remedies as in bronchitis, by in- 
halation and otherwise, and push energetically the same reme- 
dies as in syphilis. 

Aphasia. — The loss of the cerebral faculty of speech with 
cerebral syphilis is quite common. There are few medical 
men of any experience at all who have not seen cases of this 
causation of aphasia. The conjunction of right hemiplegia 
with aphasia is almost habit. Aphasia often exists alone, 
without any other form of paralysis, or it may occur with left 
hemiplegia, amaurosis, paraplegia, epilepsy, or glossoplegia. 
There is a motory centre for the lips and tongue in the third 
frontal convolution. 

Aphasia syphilitica may come on slowly and insidiously; in 
other cases it may come on suddenly. The sudden form is the 
most common, slight or complete ; slight, a mere forgetfulness 
of words ; complete loss of speech. Sometimes a mere passing 
symptom; at others, it is permanent and quite unamenable to 
treatment. Complete and permanent aphasia may either be 
an early or late condition — as early as a few days after inocu- 
lation; as late as twenty years after initial lesion. 



I044 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Under the use of modern remedies, aphasia must never be 
regarded as incurable, unless of many years' standing. 

Many years ago we drew the attention of the medical pro- 
fession to syphilitic infiltration of the lungs by the pathogenic 
microbe of syphilis. That the presence of this germ in the 
lungs occurs in one-third of all cases of what is termed 
phthisis pulmonalis ; that the symptoms produced by the germ 
syphilitica are almost identical with that which the tubercle 
bacilli causes; the same emaciation, loss of hair, clubbing of 
the nails, thinness of the skin, night-sweats, hemoptysis, 
cough, expectoration, dullness on percussion, moist rales or 
rattles, large and small crepitation ; ulcers or collections of pus 
in the lungs without a tubercle being present. 

Generally speaking, the germ in the lungs is met with in a 
variety of forms; as interstitial infiltration, occupying any 
part of the lungs; gummy tumors are found in all parts of^the 
lung, in the form of grayish or yellowish- white tumors the size 
of a pea or nut. These soften and leave cavities, just like 
tubercles do, but are not infrequently cured, and leave the 
cicaltrices so often seen in the lungs of persons who have died 
of syphilis. 

Thousands upon thousands of cases of pulmonary consump- 
tion are treated annually by eminent physicians for tubercle in 
the lung, when no tubercle can be detected in any part. It is 
not tubercular consumption that is so greatly on the increase, 
as syphilitic destruction of lung structure. 

In a very large number of cases, which have come under the 
author's care and observation, there was little to guide its rec- 
ognition, save the occurrence of cicatrices in the pharynx, or 
depression on the skull or syphilitic sarocele. Such cases are 
most amenable to bactricides. 

There cannot be the shadow of a doubt that in many cases 
of so-called pulmonary consumption, if a more careful examina- 
tion were made, a very large portion, at least one-third, were 
solely due to the syphilitic germ ; and this very fact should make 
us more hopeful and willing to try bactricide remedies on this 
terrible microbe which carries off one-tenth of the entire popu- 
lation of this country annually. 

The Bacillus of Syphilis in the Liver. — The venereal 
microbe localizes in the liver in all ages from the cradle to the 
grave ; and when it does so, it is found in the form of nodules. 
The aggregation of germs is usually either in small masses 
the size of a pin's head up to even the size of an orange, pre- 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. 1045 

senting different appearances according to their age. All are 
surrounded by a capsule, which is merely the colored outer 
margin of the mass. When examined with the microscope, 
the germ can be seen and isolated with great ease, even though 
mixed up with other debris. 

The most common symptoms of the presence of the syph- 
ilitic germ in the liver are the yellow or sallow complexion, the 
brown-coated tongue, pain in the right shoulder, fetid breath 
and a general feeling of great languor; but when the microbe 
invades or attacks the hepatic and common ducts there is 
jaundice. Syphilitic livers are seldom increased in size, for 
as the microbe grows in that gland atrophic changes take 
place ; the absence of enlargement does not matter much in the 
recognition of the case, for whenever an ill-conditioned, an- 
emic, dark, bilious, sallow-complexioned, cachetic-looking 
syphilitic-tainted individual complains of hepatic discomfort, 
with disordered biliary symptoms, for which no direct cause 
can be assigned, the case in all probability is one of microbial 
liver syphilis. Something may be detected in other parts of 
the body, as a node, a neurosis, an induration, some ache or 
pain, for it is impossible in this modern age of intermingling 
of races and sexes to escape syphilitic contamination. He- 
patic stimulants, such as periodate aurum, chianthusi, chloride 
of ammonim should be persistently given in alternation with 
comp. saxifraga, peroxide of hydrogen and ozonized echinacea. 

Among a people with weak livers we find a large amount of 
syphilitic hepatitis, accompanied with jaundice. 

Mercurial drugging; malaria: the general use of alcoholic 
drinks, especially malt liquors ; solar heat ; neurasthenia, nat- 
urally cause our people to have weak, sluggish livers ; and 
when they accidentally receive the syphilitic microbe into 
their blood, it almost simultaneously finds its way to the liver, 
and forms its usual microscopic nests. 

The presence of the pathogenic venereal germ in the liver is 
productive of inflammation or a partial death. Many cases of 
unsuspected liver disease, jaundice, etc., are due to syphilis. 
In the liver, we find the occurrence of interstitial hepatitis; 
gummata; cicatrices. No doubt cirrhosis of the liver is due 
to syphilis. A syphilitic liver looks like the kidney of a young 
calf. This is due to the formation of new elements in the con- 
nective tissue of the organ and wasting of the liver cells. The 
edges of the liver become irregular and the capsule thickened. 
There are whitish patches seen in places, and on a section of it 



1046 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

being made, bands of white fibrous tissue extend across the 
organ in all directions, producing the puckering observed on the 
surface. 

Germ-nests or gummy tumors of the liver are the most com- 
mon. These cause induration and enlargement. In these 
cases the liver substance is filled with small round grains, dis- 
tinct from one another; in these the germ is imbedded. The 
liver is very yellow; hard, almost cartilaginous. 

If the patient happen to be tubercular, the presence of this 
germ modifies the pathological condition ; tubercles, large and 
small; nodosities are now found in the liver, of a yellowish 
white color, dry and surrounded by a yellowish, callous, or 
tendinous tissue. These tumors are generally deep-seated 
and generally the size of a pea, but grow up to egg-size, when 
they begin to soften and their contents absorbed. Syphilitic 
cicatrices in the liver are common. Fatty degeneration is the 
outcome of liver syphilitica in the majority of cases; occasion- 
ally an amyloid case is met with. 

The recognition of a syphilitic liver is based upon the -fol- 
lowing landmarks: A sensation of projection on the surface 
of the liver is experienced; ascites is present if degeneration 
has commenced ; diarrhea is common ; is serous and sometimes 
blackish in color ; the urine is highly albuminous ; extreme want 
of nutrition. The skin is discolored and looks extremely 
cachectic. 

Syphilitic Carditis and Pericarditis. — In individuals, 
whose blood and tissues are swarming with the bacillus of 
syphilis, we often find germ-nests in the substance of the heart, 
the valves being usually intact. Such tumors in the cardia 
muscle are usually of the size of a pea or even larger. Aneur- 
ism of the ascending aorta is frequently caused by syphilis. 
Other pathologists have seen the aorta corroded and ulcerated 
in the bodies of those who have died with the disease. The 
cerebral arteries have been found completely obliterated in 
some cases. Oftentimes, the pericardium is found affected. 

Lymphatic Glands. — The lymphatic glands of the entire 
body as well as the pink marrow of the bones, whose function 
is to raise or elevate the blood-corpuscles from the white to 
red, are early infiltrated, enlarged, with the microbe of syphi- 
lis, when that germ is present in the blood. The glands which 
first swell are the inguinal, posterior cervical, the mastoid, sub- 
maxillary and popliteal. Unless the patient be under such a 
course of treatment as we prescribe they may remain enlarged 
for years. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. !047 

In very old chronic cases, the lymphatic glands are exten- 
sively affected ; the thyroid is sometimes increased ; the supra- 
renal capsules enlarged and degenerated in visceral syphilis; 
the spleen is affected just like the liver with gummata, in the 
form of rounded nodosities. The glands of the abdomen are 
often implicated in syphilis and become indurated; enlarged. 
The peculiar cachexia and odor of the germ is due, to a cer- 
tain extent, to the disease of the blood-forming glands. 

Bubo, inflammation of the lymphatic glands of the groin, 
is a common complication, if the gonorrhea is permitted to run 
along for several weeks, and is exceedingly liable to terminate 
in suppuration or abscess. The pus found in the glands con- 
tain the same, or identical, micro-organism which exists in the 
urethra; the pus, the resulting ulcer which follows, must be 
treated with germicides. 

The treatment in all cases must consist in rest ; hot fomenta- 
tion or poultices ; large doses of anodynes to relieve pain when 
suppuration is inevitable ; there are several modes of procedure 
which can be adopted with success, but in all of them a free 
outlet must be given to pus. 

Wreckage of the Male Sexual Organs by the Germs 
of Gonorrhea and Syphilis. — Disease, degeneration, and 
death of the sexual organs of both sexes are marvelously on 
the increase, owing chiefly to the alarming, widespread dis- 
semination of both germs of gonorrhea and syphilis, together 
with masturbation and perversion of the sexual act. These 
and other causes do immense damage, and are the principal 
causes of sexual incompetency and structural change. Mor- 
bid states of the testicle, induced by these conditions, are pro- 
ductive of cystic degeneration, atrophy, variocele and hydro- 
cele. Cystic degeneration and impotency go hand in hand. 
Adenoma follows next in frequency. The victims of sexual 
impotency and wreckage of vital parts of the generative or- 
gans are our drained-out youth and middle-aged libertines. 

- The Gummata. — The gummata is a lesion peculiar to 
syphilis ; no other microbial disease has anything at all like it. 
The bacillus of syphilis has, in all its different modes, the great- 
est tendency and affinity to form in nests or groups. When 
the vital forces are literally paralyzed, a complete wreck either 
by the bacillus, or most erroneous treatment, the germ will 
congregate in the subcutaneous tissue in strictly circumscribed, 
well-rounded, painless, indolent sacs, or nodules ; at first 
scarcely larger than a pea, in a sac, with an unalterable cov- 



1048 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

ering and movable. If the case is not being treated correctly, 
the bacilli grow by millions till they assume the dimensions of 
an egg, or even of a larger size. Sooner or later, if the treat- 
ment is not correct, they attach themselves to the skin, which 
becomes of a livid purple hue, and the microbes break through 
to the surface, and discharge a gummy substance, full of 
germs. Ulcers result of every kind ; round, oval in character ; 
with edges clean cut and floor germ-laden, purulent, and ex- 
tending to the subcutaneous tissue, cartilage and bone. Thin 
and unyielding bands or bridges of undermined skin often ex- 
tend and give way before this destructive process of germ 
growth. Ulceration is the alternate result of all gummatous 
conditions, and when this takes place, it may even exhibit the 
appearance of a simple ulcer, save in the thinned, purplish, pig- 
mented appearance of the outlying integument. The scars are 
typical bleaching from the centre, often attached to the peri- 
osteum, or bone, though this is rare. Considering the activity 
of the bacilli in these gumma and the depth of the ulcers, there 
is comparatively little waste of structure. About the neck 
the cicatrices may be linear in shape and slightly puckered; 
whereas on the lower extremities they are circular or oval. 

The number of gummata upon a badly-smitten syphilitic 
microbal patient varies from one to half a dozen, or a large 
number. They may appear on any part of the body. Same 
treatment as syphilis generally. Locally, thrice daily, apply 
an ointment of oil of thuja; strength about twenty per cent, or 
simply add the oil to ozone ointment and apply as frequent. 

Condylomata, or warts, due to the microbe of gonorrhea, 
being permitted to lie at rest upon the foreskin or glans, 
which acts as an irritant, and excites an evolution of the germ. 

They are generally situated either along the corona glandis, 
or on the edge of the prepuce in males, and any part of the 
vaginal walls in women. Great cleanliness ; bathing the parts 
thrice daily with Castile soap and warm water, then applying 
the oil of thuja is most effectual. The same remedy should be 
administered internally. It most effectually kills the germ in 
the blood and causes it to wilt, wither and disappear; at the 
same time administer antisyphilitic remedies. 

Granulating Syphilis. — Excrescences, or warts, are 
made up of two microbes ; that of syphilis, and of warts ; they 
are most commonly met with around the carona glandis, on 
the edge of the prepuce ; in the female they form the granulat- 
ing excrescences of the urethra ; warts on the walls of the va- 
gina and neck of the uterus. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. ic>49 

In this dual condition of the two mixed germs, a union of 
the microbes of warts and syphilis, it is extremely active; 
highly contagious. 

The author has been remarkably successful in the thorough 
eradication and extermination of the germ in this form by the 
use of our newly-prepared oil of thuja, both locally and inter- 
nally, and by specially-prepared remedies. 

Plain, simple vegetations, or warts, it must be remembered, 
are met with on the genital organs on persons who never had 
any syphilitic germ, and they, benig of a germinal nature, are 
essentially contagious. 

Stomach and Bowels. — Infiltration of the walls of the 
stomach, near the pyloric region, is often due to the presence 
of the syphilitic microbe and the evolution from the gastric 
secretion of the carcinse ventriculi. 

Syphilitic ulceration of the large intestine often gives rise 
to persistent diarrhea. In a very large number of cases of 
chronic diarrhea, seen by the author, there has been a syphi- 
litic history, and the microbe was isolated from the dejecta. 
The rectum also suffers. They yield readily to our specific 
treatment, with small doses of lactic acid. 

Stricture of the rectum from the same cause is extremely 
common in women. These masses of germ-laden lymph are 
met with from one to two inches above the anus. There we 
find a hard ring, scarcely admitting the finger, of thickened 
mucous membrane, with transformed cellular tissue. Below 
the stricture the mucous membrane is turgid and covered over 
with pus; above it, eroded. This affection is accompanied 
with obstinate constipation, varied with diarrhea, and causes 
wasting and emaciation. Dilatation with bougies, together 
with our invaluable remedies, never fail to give an excellent 
cure. 

The Anus. — If the anus be weakened either by dysentery 
or by piles, or by irritating drugs, and the individual has the 
pathogenic microbe in his blood it may appear here, ether alone 
or simultaneously with its appearance on the skin or mucous 
membrane of the mouth; generally it is first observed at the 
junction of the cutaneous surface with the mucous membrane 
in the form of nests, which are termed mucous tubercles. These 
are really warty growths or excrescences, but in them can be 
found the microbe of warts and the bacillus of syphilis. The 
presence of those two germs gives rise to a watery discharge, 
which keeps constantly exuding from them. They are rarely 



1050 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

single; usually several, and when irritated or excoriated give 
rise to considerable pain and discharge. The structure of 
those tubercles, condylomata, or warts, is made up entirely of 
the two germs and young connective tissue. 

Treatment most successful by internal bactericides, and 
locally by suppositories of oil of thuja. 

Syphilis in Muscle. — The microbe, we have seen, invades 
muscular structure, and none more frequent than the sphincter 
ani; even more than the biceps. It occurs very frequently, 
and manifests itself by severe pain and tenesmus during and 
after defecation. In severe cases the pain may last for hours. 
It occurs much more frequently in women than in men. 

Gummy tumors sometimes occur in muscles, and often de- 
stroy a portion of the muscular tissue, thus causing shorten- 
ing and deformity of the limb. It is chiefly in the muscles of 
the forearm that these germ-nests are formed. They may 
occur on any muscle weakened by a strain or blow. 

Brigut's Disease — Syphilis in the Kidney. — We have 
found that the germ frequently invades the kidneys, blocks up 
its tubules; gives rise to effusion of lymph and interstitial de- 
feneration. 

From careful collection of cases extending over a very long 
period, it appears that out of every three cases of Bright's dis- 
ease, one is caused by the syphilitic germ. Next to the brain 
and liver the kidneys, of all internal, are most frequently at- 
tacked by syphilis. Post-mortem appearances confirm this. 

Chronic interstitial nephritis is caused by syphilis, as well 
as by alcohol. Nests, or gummata, have been detected in the 
cortical substance, and the toxin of the germ stains the kidney 
all over with its peculiar copper color. 

The course of syphilitic Bright's disease is slow, and most 
commonly fatal, although in numerous cases a cure may take 
place under ordinary antibacillary remedies. 

Malposition of the Testes and Their Infiltration 
with Syphilitic Germ. — The testis may be arrested in any 
part of its passage from the lumbar region to the scrotum. 

For example, they may never leave this region, but may re- 
main permanently in close proximity to the kidney. They 
anay pass as far as the internal abdominal ring, but fail to enter 
the inguinal canal. They may pass into the inguinal canal, 
"but fail to traverse the internal ring. It may pass through 
the ring, but fail to descend into the scrotum. 

The conditions which produce retention are very numerous ; 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1051 

such as intrauterine peritonitis, which produces adhesions be- 
tween the folds of the peritoneum in the neighborhood of the 
gland ; another, cause is an unusually small external ring, and 
a want of power in the gubernaculum testes brings about an 
incomplete descent. Shortness of the vas deferens, and an 
unusually large epididymis, are also undoubtedly causes of re- 
tention. 

A retained or undescended testis is prone to suffer either a 
withering, or blight, or become undeveloped, and the patient is 
sterile, but this is not always the case, for we find in a large 
number of the cases the glands normal, full size, active, and 
secrete semen freely. The testes are much less likely to be- 
come undeveloped or blighted, if retained in the abdomen, than 
they are when arrested by some mechanical condition in their 
descent, and subjected to pressure by the surrounding muscles. 
When the testes are either blighted, withered, atrophied, par- 
tially or completely undescended, or otherwise, from a gonor- 
rhea, or a blow, sterility is inevitable, and associated with loss 
of virile power, and change in the aspect of the individual. 
In all cases of undescended testes, the corresponding half of 
the scrotum, as well as the tunica vaginalis, is imperfectly de- 
veloped. 

Instead of the above-described conditions, a retained testis 
may pass into the peritoneum, or through the femoral ring into 
the femoral canal, and other unnatural positions. 

A retained or misplaced testis usually gives rise to heaps of 
trouble, such as constantly to irritation ; to orchitis ; from very 
slight muscular exertion. Even in the abdomen it may be at- 
tacked by the micrococci of gonorrhea or mumps. 

Besides in its abnormal position constantly suffering irrita- 
tion, weak, imperfectly developed, it is extremely liable to be- 
come the seat of either the bacillus of cancer or syphilis. 

It is also extremely liable to give rise to inguinal hernia, 
from imperfect closure of the funicular portion of the tunica 
vaginalis. 

Syphilitic infiltration of the testicles is of frequent occur- 
rence, and often followed by absence of spermatozoa in the 
semen. The germ, effused with lymph, forms an interstitial 
deposit in the testes, which is characterized by lymph nodules 
and bands, radiating from the tunica albuginea and insinuat- 
ing themselves between the semeniferous tubes, thus com- 
pressing and separating them. The tubules become atrophied ; 
the testicle, hard at first, degenerates and wastes. Almost 



1052 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

every case of chronic orchitis is syphilitic. It is not at all un- 
common in these cases to find tumors the size of a walnut de- 
posited in the body of the testicle, which, when removed and 
examined, consist almost exclusively of a mass of pathogenic 
bacilli. 

There need be no difficulty in its recognition. Tubercle 
goes' for the epididymis; the germ syphilitica for the testes 
proper. Tubercle rapidly softens, and forms abscesses ; syphi- 
lis rarely does that. Concer never can be mistaken for it ; the 
pain and vascularity are sufficient guides. There is rarely any 
pain at the onset of syphilitic sarcocele; nor much tenderness 
on pressure, as the ptomain of syphilis poisons and blunts the 
sentient nerves. We remark a pear-shaped tumor, either 
smooth on the surface or with irregularity, little hydrocele in 
general, and both testes usually become affected. In every 
case examined by the author, there is perfect sterility as a re- 
sult of this condition of the testes, and this in some cases has 
supervened very early. As a rule it is slow, and affords a 
most ample opportunity for treatment, to which it is most 
amenable when our remedies are properly used. Treatment 
should be carried on for several months. 

Still to the Testes Do the Germs Migrate. — Let the 
testes be once weakened by either a gonorrhea or by masturba- 
tion, by perversion of the sexual act, or by having intercourse 
with impure or common women, any disease germ which may 
be in the body will likely migrate there. For example, if a 
tubercular individual happens to, by any chance, let the bacillus 
of syphilis into his blood, the two germs may migrate to the 
testes, and each give rise to its peculiar characteristic symp- 
toms. 

In such cases both testes are usually affected, and the pecu- 
liarity of this is this : that the syphilitic microbe goes for the 
testicle proper, while the tubercular bacilli go for the epididy- 
mis. 

The bacillus of tubercle in the epididymis is usually effused in 
great abundance ; becomes hard and knotty ; and as it increases 
in size, forms a semicircle, or crescentic mass behind the testes ; 
while the testicle proper, being invaded with syphilitic germ, 
wilts ; withers ; atrophies. 

Unless vital force is rapidly restored, the tubercular germ 
goes for the tunica vaginalis, the result of which is signalized 
by the formation of hydrocele. 

If this state progresses, the germ-laden epididymis may sup- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1053 

purate; adhesions may form and pus be evacuated by nature. 
The syphilitic germ in the testicle proper either completely 
withers or enlarges and becomes nodulated, and it may sup- 
purate, and a protrusion of the testicular substance ensues. 
Generally the spermatic cord is thickened, and the vas deferens 
hard and swollen. Both germs may migrate, either to the 
vesicular seminales, or to the prostate, or other parts of the 
genitourinary tract, but in and among all our patients our 
treatment has been such that we never have any serious exten- 
sion of the germ ; never any suppuration or complications. 

Our treatment differs from all others; it is constructive; 
while at the same time it soothes and eradicates the disease. 
We control the irritation, the inflammatory condition, before 
the germs have time to cause degeneration of tissue. We 
guard those important organs. 

The tubercular bacillus selects the epididymis; whereas the 
venereal germ selects the testes proper. In the testicle, this 
holy ground, the germ thrives well ; excites interstitial orchitis, 
and gives rise to a painless swelling of the whole gland, which 
becomes firm, heavy and of an oval shape, flattened from side 
to side; smooth on the surface and not tender. The epididy- 
mis is not perceptibly affected, spermatic cord swollen, often 
slightly thickened. The tunica vaginalis usually contains 
some effused serum. 

On making a section of such a testicle, the tunica albuginea 
is usually found to be thickened; fibrous masses can be seen 
all through the substance of the testicle, forming loops from 
which the venereal bacillus can be isolated. The fibrous tissue, 
with the germ, necessarily diminishes the proper structure of 
the testes, brings on atrophy with impotency. 

Under our treatment seldom do we have such complications 
arise. 

The Venereal Bacillus in the Testes.— Men who, in 
their early days, have either been guilty of masturbation, or 
other indiscretion, or later in life sexual excesses, are very apt 
to have weakened testicles. If, by any chance, they should be 
so unfortunate as to have the syphilitic microbe enter their 
blood, it is very apt to migrate into the devitalized testes and 
excite plastic inflammation : one or both glands may be invaded. 
When the true syphilitic germ enters the testes, it is altogether 
different from the orchitis produced by the gonococcus. With 
the syphilitic microbe there is general enlargement from effu- 
sion of lymph, and germ growth, which becomes organized 



1054 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

into hardened masses, interspersed with fibrous tissue. The 
syphilitic microbe goes for the entire gland. The enlargement 
of it necessarily causes a stretching of the serous covering, 
which excites effusion of serum into the tunica vaginalis. Usu- 
ally the microbe avoids the epididymis, so, except in some iso- 
lated cases, it and the spermatic cord are also free. A true 
germ-loaded syphilitic testis is painless, and gives no trouble 
except by its size. It is often as large as a hen's egg', more 
rarely the size of a goose-egg ; smooth, heavy, oval, not tender, 
but with a marked absence of testicular sensation, when sub- 
jected to pressure and firm to the touch. In a chronic case the 
secreting granules are entirely destroyed by the germ, and the 
presence of fibrous tissue obliterates the last vestige of man- 
hood. Later on a species of atrophy sets in, with cirrhosis. 

Such cases, allured into the net of some notorious charlatan, 
are forever afflicted with incurable impotency ; whereas, if they 
are treated on correct principles are mostly all cured. 

Orchitis and epididymitis are very common complications 
of gonorrhea, occurring generally about the third or fourth 
week, if the disease is permitted to run along so long. They 
are caused by a migration of the gonococcus from the pros- 
tatic urethra to the ejaculatory ducts, and vas deferens, down 
to the testicle ; when this migration takes place the discharge in 
the urethra diminishes or disappears ; when their inhibitory ac- 
tion ceases, the discharge returns. 

Morbid States of the Seminal Vesicles. — The vesicu- 
lar seminales are two membranous receptacles, situated one on 
each side, beneath the base of the bladder, between it and the 
rectum. Their length is usually about two inches, and their 
greatest breadth from four to six lines ; but they vary both in 
size and shape in different individuals. Their posterior ex- 
tremities are separated widely from each other; but anteriorly 
they converge so as to approach the two vas deferentia, which 
run forward to the prostate between them. With the vas def- 
erentia thus interposed they occupy the two diverging sides 
of the triangular portion of the base of the bladder, which lies 
upon the rectum. The seminal vesicles themselves rest upon 
the rectum, but are separated from it by a layer of the recto- 
vesical fascia, which attaches them to the base of the bladder. 
The posterior ends lie beneath the openings of the ureters. 

The common seminal, or ejaculatory ducts, two in number, 
are formed on each side by the junction of the narrowed ex- 
tremities of the corresponding vas deferens and vesicula sem- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. io 



oo 



inalis, close to the base of the prostate. From this point they 
pass, side by side, through the prostate, between its middle and 
lateral lobes. After a course of nearly an inch, they end in the 
iloor of the prostatic portion of the urethra by two valve-like 
slits placed in the verumontanum, one on each prominent mar- 
gin of the opening of the prostatic sinus. 

Inflammation of the seminal vesicles is usually the result of 
some irritation in the urethra, as gonorrhea, masturbation, 
perversion of the sexual act. In these the gonococcus is pres- 
ent, so that if the treatment be carried out by some one inex- 
perienced or devoid of a proper knowledge of the micro-organ- 
ism, it will migrate backwards, along the common ejaculatory 
duct to its termination in the vesicle, thence to the testicle. 

Besides these causes, the passage of a bougie, the presence 
of a stricture, coitus with a leukorrheal woman, or by the 
elongated front of bicycle saddle. When inflammation takes 
place here, there is swelling at the base of the bladder, due to 
effusion into the perivesicular connective tissue. This gives 
rise to great irritability of the bladder ; ether pain or uneasiness 
in the perineum; painful defecation; frequent and painful 
micturition, or retention ; nocturnal emissions ; persistent mois- 
ture, or weeping penis, with priapism. 

Extravasation of Urine. — May proceed from the blad- 
der, or from the urethra. 

The bladder may give way from ulceration, or lacerated by 
violence. 

When the urethra gives way it is generally from retention 
as a result of stricture. 

It is very easily recognized, as the affected individual feels 
that something has given way; if the bladder, the rupture is 
usually in front of the posterior layer of the triangular liga- 
ment. The immediate feeling is one of relief. Soon, how- 
ever, the lower part of the abdomen and scrotum becomes in- 
filtrated with the germ-laden urine ; the evolution of the micro- 
coccus urea is so prodigious that the swelling of the parts is 
immense; rapid; sloughs form; great prostration from the 
germs entering the blood causing a smothering sensation; 
"brown-coated tongue; fever; muttering delirium. 

The treatment must be prompt and vigorous. Free inci- 
sions should be made wherever the tissues are infiltrated, so as 
to give vent to the extravasated urine. Peroxide of hydrogen 
should be sprayed around the parts ; poultices of charcoal, yeast 



1056 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

and wild indigo applied; alternated with a solution of boro- 
glycerid. In all cases a catheter should be passed into the 
bladder. The diet should be liberal, including beef tea, eggs, 
wine, brandy. Our medical treatment of these cases has been 
such that in a most extensive practice of fifty years we have 
never lost a case. 

Urinary Abscess. — This is generally the result of stricture,. 
a drop of urine or pus remaining behind it, exciting irritation, 
inflammation and the formation of abscess. Such abscesses, 
may occur at any part of the urethra, but are most common in 
the bulbous or membranous portion of the canal. 

The usual symptoms of abscess are present : pain, swelling, 
induration, rigors, pain changing to a throbbing; sense of 
fluctuation. 

As soon as matter forms the abscess should be freely opened. 
As there is usually a stricture, it should be dilated, and a No. 
12 catheter inserted into the bladder and retained there twenty- 
four days, during which time the abscess should be well stimu- 
lated and healed. 

Urinary Fistula. — A fistula, a tube communicating with 
a cavity, lined by a false membrane, the result of an organic 
stricture, or urinary abscess. The fistulous tract between the 
urethra and skin, through which the urine dribbles, is the seat 
of microbes lined with a false membrane, which is often car- 
tilaginous. 

As we have had great success in the management of these 
cases, patients flocking to us from all parts of the globe, we 
will briefly give our method of treatment for the benefit of the 
profession. The first thing is to dilate the stricture with our 
dilator, and once dilated the fistulous tract should be thor- 
oughly dissected out; then a No. 12 catheter inserted into the 
bladder, and the fistulous opening carefully stitched up with 
lead sutures. Boroglycerid ointment should be kept con- 
stantly applied until it is healed up. 

Headache. — The clinical study of the operations of the 
pathogenic microbe of syphilis on the nervous system has for 
quite a number of years attracted attention. It is found 
that a great deal of the headache which is so very prevalent in 
every family is due to the microbe making an inroad into the 
brain, and this discovery of the bacillus has thrown a flood 
of light on many obscure points in the pathology of the dis- 
ease. Syphilitic headache is markedly internal and deep in 
character, aggravated by noise, light and motion. It is ter- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. io 57 

ribly severe, especially when it is nocturnal, and most ten- 
acious. The pain often causes delirium. It may last for 
many years before its cause is suspected. It is often an early 
symptom of the presence of the germ; too much overlooked. 
There may be associated with it vertigo, failure of the mental 
faculties, with impaired vision, or buzzing in the ears. Low 
spirits and impotence are generally associated with it. There 
may also exist with it paresis of the cranial nerves, with slight 
ptosis ; strabismus ; mydriasis, or facial or lingual paresis. In 
some rare cases headache has been followed by blindness and 
coma. 

Syphilitic Fever. — Febrile exacerbations occur off and 
on at all periods, when the syphilitic microbe sporulates. 
Fever occurs in whatever location the germ is domiciled, skin, 
mucous membrane, muscles, brain, bone, eye, liver, lungs, in- 
testines. Syphilitic fever usually commences by headache, or 
sensation of cold; shivering. The pulse more frequent; gen- 
eral malaise ; disorders of the digestive organs. The reoccur- 
rence of chilliness, with sweats, are frequent. The fever as- 
sumes a variety of forms. 

Among women the symptoms are often very high, especially 
the pulse and temperature, accompanied with cerebral. There 
is usually great debility ; inability to read, work or make an in- 
tellectual effort. 

Germ Nests, Infection. — The status of vital force regu- 
lates the sporulation of the bacilli ; the want of vitality in any 
special part or organ constitutes a point of paramount impor- 
tance in the evolution and growth of a microbe which is doing 
so much to embitter the existence of our race. It has only 
been of late years that the localizing of the germ in the brain, 
liver, kidneys, or nervous system has been understood. It is 
only in states of extreme prostration that we see -the great 
lesions produced by the germ. 

No rules can be laid down as to when this microbe will form 
gummy tumors, or when it will invade the testes, or some 
other vital part. 

Paralysis. — The bacillus of syphilis often infiltrates the 
brain and spinal cord, giving rise to organic changes and par- 
alytic seizures, as aphasia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, etc. ; in such 
cases the microbe infiltrates the convexity of the brain with the 
diagnostic yellow ptomain exudation. 

Paralysis of the insane is caused by this germ ; even general 
paralysis occurs in syphilitic individuals. Syphilitic disease 



1058 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

of the brain produces all forms of paralysis. In general pa- 
ralysis we notice intellectual and motor disturbances first of all, 
and with those, in many instances, vertigo, epilepsy, maniacal 
attacks. This holds true in cerebral syphilis. 

There are certain features in ordinary general paralysis of 
the insane which make it distinguishable usually from cerebral 
syphilis. The patients who suffer from it are remarkable for 
the perfect satisfaction which they feel with their own position. 
These are the insane who, in asylums, are wont to consider 
themselves as the illustrious characters of some sort. Such a 
condition of mind is rare among the syphilitic insane. 

Trembling of the tongue and lips, so common in general 
paralysis, is wanting in cerebral syphilis. Paralysis with or 
want of co-ordination of movements is essentially syphilitic. 
In general paralysis the gray matter of the convolutions is far 
more extensively affected than it is in cerebral syphilis, where 
the predominating feature is induration of the convolutions. 
General paralysis of the insane is always fatal; whilst the 
syphilitic lesion, which resembles it, is curable under proper 
treatment. If cerebral syphilis is not treated properly hope- 
less paralysis will occur. This microbial disease never re- 
mains stationary; progressively worse, if not properly treated; 
invariably disappears under bactericidal remedies. 

Hemiplegia is one of the most common forms of syphilitic 
paralysis. Headache is the precursor of an attack, with noc- 
turnal aggravations. Syphilitic hemiplegia resembles apoplexy 
in its mode of seizure. 

Epilepsy. — Syphilitic epilepsy is now a well-recognized 
form of epileptic seizure. It occurs generally in males be- 
tween the ages of thirty and forty ; nine cases out of ten occur- 
ring in men of that age for the first time. It is one of the most 
common symptoms of cerebral syphilis. This is no doubt due 
to the germ affecting the cortical substance of the brain, or the 
gray matter of the convolutions ; the meninges being first at- 
tacked in many cases. The epileptic fit in syphilitic cases is 
not to be distinguished from that of essential epilepsy merely 
by the aspect, neither in the phenomena ; but by a careful analy- 
sis of all the symptoms. In some cases it is the first and only 
symptom of syphilis ever present. The occurrence of such 
seizures is often preceded by pallor, emaciation, languor and 
nocturnal headache. 

Once an epileptic seizure takes place, it is sure to be followed 
by another after a long interval of time, but they come on more 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1059 

frequently as the microbe grows, the interval between each 
growing less and less. Generally they are preceded by head- 
ache; usually in the temporal region. They may or may not 
be preceded by an aura, or warning, or this may not occur. 
The aura may feel like a waft of wind or a flash of light, or 
some strange sensation in the upper or lower extremities. 
The fit at first is very light, being purely convulsive; but by 
and by there is loss of consciousness, power of voluntary mo- 
tion, a fit or spasm of long or short duration. After a time 
these seizures become of great intensity and violence and paraly- 
sis of the upper and lower extremities or dementia take place. 

Patients with syphilitic epilepsy become in a short time quite 
unfit for business; indifferent; morose; taciturn. The mem- 
ory gives way first ; becomes greatly enfeebled, and he is very 
forgetful. His moral nature, emotions, desires, affections, 
passions, become impaired, and he becomes a mere wreck of 
his former self. 

A correct diagnosis of these fits, syphilitic epileptic, was ex- 
tremely difficult before the discovery of the microbe. The 
presence of that in the blood is the initial step to a positive 
diagnosis; the consecutive paralysis after those nerve storms. 
The spasms are often limited to one side of the face, an arm or 
a leg. Patients often suffer pain in a part of the body. Par- 
tial or reflex fits are not seen in purely nervous epilepsy; 
whereas they are common in syphilis. Partial epilepsy, as we 
often have in syphilis, shows alteration in the gray matter at 
the level of the cortical motory zone. As a rule the fits of epi- 
lepsy are mostly nocturnal. One peculiar feature of the syphi- 
litic fits is that in the intervals between the fits the patient is 
truly a sick man ; this is not the case in the other form. Head- 
ache, vertigo, or some form of paresis, occurs in many cases, 
and the fact that it occurs in an adult, and not in a child, is at 
least suggestive of syphilis; but none of these but the micro- 
scopical examination are pathognomonic. Indeed the only 
other landmark is the result of our specific treatment. If there 
are any diagnostic marks, as a gumma in any part of the body, 
it will be of great value. If, again, we can find no evident 
cause for the fits, such as alcoholism, uremia, tubercle, lead- 
poisoning, tumors in the brain, it would be well to try our anti- 
syphilitic treatment. 

We might again repeat that all cases of epilepsy coming on 
in adults who have had syphilis should at once be placed under 
an energetic treatment for syphilis. 



1060 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Inherited Syphilis. — Most reliable statistics exhibit in 
1,000 cases the following characteristics, with their propor- 
tions : Papules of the skin or mucous membranes, 74 per cent ; 
rhagades of the lips and anus, 70 per cent ; rhinitis, 58 per cent ; 
ulcers of the hard palate, 52 per cent; macules, 45 per cent; 
chronic lymphadenitis, 29 per cent; ulcers of the tongue, 27 
per cent; pemphigus, 25 per cent; onychia and paronychia, 23 
per cent; excoriations, 20 per cent; laryngitis, 17 per cent; 
pseudoparalysis of the extremeties, 7 per cent; ulcers of the 
skin, 4 per cent ; gingivitis ulcerosa, 4 per cent. Most of the 
children were extraordinarily thin and atrophic. The disease 
makes its appearance in the first month in 64 per cent of the 
cases, and in the second month in 22 per cent; most often in 
the third week, then in the second and fourth week. The 
earliest symptoms of hereditary syphilis are rhinitis and pem- 
phigus. 

Syphilis is a germ full of variety and irregularity, depending 
greatly upon the soil in which it is planted; in the young the 
tissues are succulent, microbe very active, whereas in the ma- 
tured it is sluggish. 

The heredity syphilis in the young best and most success- 
fully managed by administering periodate aurum, in one grain 
doses every two or three hours. 

Infantile Syphilis. — This term is generally limited to 
an infant born from parents who have the syphilitic microbe 
in their blood and tissues. For example, if the father's blood 
and tissues are saturated with the germ, he may transmit the 
microbe to the wife of his bosom ; she to the child of his love. 
This may occur at the period of conception, or subsequently, 
the mother herself may, if she have the germ in her blood, 
impart it to husband and child. There are many ways aside 
from an impure coitus in which a woman may be contaminated 
with this microbe, as in the practice of kissing; in the extrac- 
tion of teeth; the use of drinking vessels; clothing, and close 
contact. The mother may in this manner infect the child 
through her own blood. 

When the father engrafts the syphilitic bacillus upon his 
offspring, and the mother's vital force be strong, there is an 
inherent element in a healthy uterus to repel the presence of a 
germ-laden fetus in its cavity; so she very frequently mis- 
carries about the fourth month. Repeated miscarriages are 
most suggestive of the presence of the venereal bacillus. When 
both parents are affected the mother is more likely to complete 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 1061 

her pregnancy, and give birth to a child ; likely born alive, but 
distorted in its very form and features; probably thin and 
shriveled, with a prematurely old expression; a hoarse voice: 
a snuffling breathing; a discharge from the nostrils, and an 
eruption about the anus and genital, or it may appear on skin 
in the form of copper-colored vesicles. 

Or, again, the child may be born apparently healthy, and the 
germ latent ; but assume activity within six weeks after birth. 

Or it may be later in life before the germ exhibits itself, 
either in malnutrition ; irregularities of the teeth ; a non-union 
of the epiphyses of bone and various other malformations, and 
bronzing of the skin. 

Our treatment of such cases has been most remarkably 
successful with our new remedies and iodine baths. The child 
must be artificially fed, so that it may neither reinfect the 
mother, nor the latter the child. 

The common manifestations of the microbe of syphilis in in- 
fants are of a superficial character ; nasal obstruction with dis- 
charge; cutaneous eruptions; mucous tubercles, and the like. 
It sometimes happens that the lungs, the liver and the brain are 
implicated; may be affected by the germ; other internal organs 
are also often affected by the same. In these cases the child 
gradually withers, wastes, or else it is attacked by convulsions 
and dies after a sort illness. 

When such cases come under our observation, we push a 
plan of treatment which has been most successful in eradicat- 
ing the germ from its blood, and at the same time place both 
parents on our specific course, in doses according to the state 
of their health, and the special symptoms that may be present. 

It is of the utmost importance that in medical teaching a 
more thorough course should be given to students ; a wider ob- 
servation and experience regarding a germ which pervades the 
blood of nearly every family in our land, so as to recognize all 
the. characters and migrations of this great pathogenic microbe 
— so that they may be better able to root it out by the recogni- 
tion of its most obscure symptoms, and a higher graded treat- 
ment. 

Many honorable men, and women, too, are often unaware 
that the microbe is in their blood ; they may be ignorant of the 
fact, even how they got it. In such cases the greatest care 
should be exercised to elicit all the information possible with- 
out exciting suspicion or creating social discord. 

A physician is often asked how soon it is safe for a person 



io6z The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

who has had the pathogenic microbe in his blood to contract 
marriage. We would most emphatically answer, not until he 
or she has taken a six months' course of specific treatment ; for 
it is doubtful if ever the germ can be annihilated and com- 
pletely eradicated by any other remedies than by those laid 
down in this article. 

An individual who once has had the disease and been treated 
and bamboozled by ignorant charlatans and seems apparently 
well, still has the bacillus lurking in his blood, ready, nay. 
keenly alive to sprout into active existence the very moment 
his vital powers are depressed, or the slightest ill health or des- 
titute circumstances prevail. This may occur after the lapse of 
many years. The germ may lie dormant one entire life, pro- 
vided a high standard of health be maintained. It is therefore 
impossible to lay down any rule when a patient is safe; free 
from the germ. 

The question often suggests itself, Who has not the venereal 
bacillus in his blood? Echo answers, Who? No man or 
woman is safe who even drinks out of the same vessel, even 
the sacramental cup, which has been known to infect or in- 
oculate many, one by one, who drank from the sacred vessel. ■ 

Syphilitic Germ Causes Tubercle; Syphilis Engen- 
ders Tuberculosis. — The prodigious power of the bacillus of 
syphilis upon the nervous system so weakens, so depresses it 
that it creates in the individual lowered vitality, depressed vital 
force, a neurasthenia, which is termed tuberculosis, because 
in that state the elementary molecules of the blood are so de- 
graded, changed, altered into other living matter which has in- 
dependent powers of existence, a germ named the tubercular 
bacillus. 

When these two microbes exist in the blood, the tubercular 
germ changes many of the characteristics of the syphilitic; for 
example, it causes the eruption to occur in round groups; ser- 
piginous ; form circles, or segment of circles. They may be 
moist, with secretions; dry; scaly; scabby. They may occur - 
over the entire body, but their common seat is on the face, fore- 
head, around the nose, or on the lips, upper and lower extrem- 
ities. At first their color is red, but subsequently coppery. 
Although they are very indolent, rarely ulcerate, they fre- 
quently leave ugly-looking marks on the skin. Among the 
class of skin affections induced by the two 'germs, tubercle and 
syphilis, is a peculiar form of tuberculo-ulcerative syphilitic- 
ulcerative affections, which commence with a crop of red, hard,. 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. !o63 

smooth, indolent tubercles, which soften after a time and ulcer- 
ate, the ulcer being covered by a thick uneven crust, blackish 
green in color. The ulcer tends to extend its surface rather 
in depth, and leaves dead white scars with ridges and depres- 
sions. In some cases the ulcer extends deeply, and destroys 
the nose and adjacent parts very rapidly. There is some re- 
semblance to canGer and lupus ; but the microscope reveals 
that it is due to the syphilitic germ intermingled with the tu- 
bercular germ. The author has over and over again seen such 
cases cured readily by the administration of his specific reme- 
dies. 

Syphilitic Ptomain. — In numerous cultures with the path- 
ogenic microbe the venereal bacillus, the important discovery 
has been made that it is the toxin of the germ, that is, its chem- 
ical excreta, which gives rise to all the principal symptoms of 
the disease — that it is the toxin which produces iritis, and that 
terrible pain in the brain in phrenal syphilis ; that it is the toxin 
which gives rise to the nocturnal pain in the bones when the 
electrical forces of the atmosphere are lowered ; that it is toxin 
which gives to the cutaneous eruption and the ulcers in mouth 
that peculiar copper color, and it is the toxin which blunts the 
sensibility of sentient nerves, and produces profound intoxica- 
tion of the cineritious pulp. 

The extreme contagiousness of syphilis renders it very 
doubtful whether it is not very largely disseminated among all 
classes of society. 

There are in our midst a very large number of syphilitic 
patients the germs from whose bodies are everywhere present, 
in workshops, street cars, linen, clothes, furniture, in carpets 
and floors, even in the dust of our streets. 

Gonorrheal Ophthalmia. — This is caused by the gono- 
coccus being brought in direct contact with the conjunctiva. 
This is usually done either by the fingers after dressing the 
affected penis, or by a towel or napkin used on the parts. This 
micro-organism, once on the mucous membrane of the eye, has 
a very rapid growth ; excites great local irritation. The micro- 
bic discharge is profuse, thick, abundant, alongside the gono- 
coccus. There is generally some chemosis of the ocular con- 
junctiva, and the disease may spread to both eyes by the germ 
being carried there. To save the eye, it is always necessary to 
resort to most active measures of treatment, as the cornea may 
slough within a few hours, unless the microbe be killed. The 
affected membrane must be touched all over with a mixture of 



1064 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

dioxide of hydrogen and glycerin. This to be followed with 
either lotions of resorcin or creolin, with belladonna; hot fo- 
mentation frequently renewed. Large doses of opium to re- 
lieve pain, and blunt the sensorium. Tonics, especially qui- 
nine; stimulation to nape of neck. 

Syphilis on the Uterus and Ovaries. — The effects of 
the syphilitic germ upon the uterus is damaging in the ex- 
treme; it causes amenorrhea,, which is very persistent. It 
blights the ovaries; causes sterility. If impregnation be pos- 
sible, it causes abortion at the fourth month; or dead and pre- 
mature births. I saw a case very recently of a woman w T ho 
was syphilitic, aborted seven times in succession ; another who 
had nine children at different periods, all syphilitic. 

The analogue of the testicle, the ovary, often suffers greatly 
from the germ; giving rise to syphilitic ovaritis, which is the 
cause of sterility. 

The bacillus attacking the neck of the uterus produces those 
never-ending discharges which are so common and obstinate 
in women who have once been infected with the germ, and 
which so often infect men with the malady. 

Ovaries, Disease Germs. — When the bacillus of tubercle, 
syphilis, and cancer exist in the blood, and the ovaries happen 
to be weakened by any cause, these microbes find their abode 
in those glands, and give rise to various ptahological changes, 
in all of which sterility exists. 

These three leading microbes in the ovary are usually at- 
tended with anemia, chlorosis, and should be treated on general 
principles. 

The most common of all diseases in 1 the production of or- 
ganic changes in the ovary is the gonococcus. This germ is 
the most potent factor in producing sterility ; withers ; whittles 
down the evolving faculty of the testes as well as the ovaries. 

Injections of creolin have a most remarkable action in caus- 
ing a complete destruction of all the spores o£ the gonococcus, 
at the same time most vivifying to the ovaries. 

Stricture of the Urethra may be defined to be a nar- 
rowing of the canal, due either to congestion,, as in inflamma- 
tion ; a spasmodic contraction of some of the circular muscular 
fibres, which surround the membranous portion of the urethra; 
and organic stricture, which is due to effusion of lymph, gen- 
erally upon the lower aspect of the canal, more rarely circular, 
which may become organized and fibrous, or even cartil- 
aginous. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1065 

1 Strictures are generally the result either of acute or chronic 
inflammation of the urethra, or of injuries, mechanical vio- 
lence, or by the use of strong injections, masturbations, etc., all 
irritations which would cause effusion of lymph into its lining 
membrane. 

Inflammatory, congestive, spasmodic strictures, so called, 
are simply due to swelling and contraction of the muscular 
fibres which form part of the walls of the canal. 

In the management of such cases we must look at the cause 
from whence they arise ; the nature of the irritation ; excesses, 
drink, etc. 

Rest in bed; warmth; an active saline purge; sedatives to re- 
lieve pain. In spasmodic cases, hot fomentations of conium 
and belladonna, with a cocain suppository, are most effectual 
in affording relief; subsequently the case should be treated on 
general principles, according to cause. 

Organic stricture is always invariably the result of inflam- 
mation ; the plastic lymph which is thrown out and forms the 
stricture is effused from the submucous areolar tissue, or it 
may be the effects of an ulcer or chancre in the urethra, or near 
its orifice. 

The character of stricture varies much; sometimes and most 
generally the effused lymph is on the lower aspect of the canal ; 
in other cases round the entire urethra, or situated on one side ; 
sometimes it is rough, fibrous and cartilaginous; sometimes it 
is like a fold thrown across the canal. 

The most common seat of stricture is at the junction of the 
membranous with the spongy portion of the urethra, or a 
little in front. There may be one, two, three, or more. 

When a stricture is once formed, it never tends to get well, 
but gradually becomes worse ; the contraction goes on increas- 
ing; as it grows larger, firmer, the urethra behind it becomes 
dilated; the prostate becomes irritated; the muscular coat of 
the bladder thickened and hypertrophied, and its lining mem- 
brane disordered. Even the ureters become distended and 
tortuous; the kidneys congested. The stricture extends its 
pernicious influence in a direction backwards to the seminal 
ducts ; this, with the constant irritation, makes the patient ner* 
vous and depressed. The general health suffers, and he be- 
comes a wreck. If, however, the patient takes timely advice 
and puts himself under our care, these evils may be avoided. 

The general symptoms are more frequent calls to make 
water. The effort to do so is attended with pain and difficulty. 



1066 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

The stream is diminished, and is either forked, twisted or scat- 
tered. In very bad cases passed drop by drop, and with much 
straining. The act of micturition often followed by rigors, 
prostration and a febrile exacerbation. Usually a continuous 
gleety discharge from the urethra, often intercurrent attacks 
of orchitis and other local inflammation. The patient at all 
times is liable to fits of complete retention. 

When some of these symptoms exist, there is reason to sus- 
2)ect a stricture; a silver catheter. No. 6, should be passed, if 
possible, to ascertain the state of matters ; it should be cautiously 
passed, feeling its way carefully, and the character and amount 
of the obstruction estimated. If that size cannot pass, a smaller 
one should be used. 

The silver catheter is better than any sound. Before being 
used it should be well warmed and oiled. 

In the introduction of the catheter, either to ascertain the 
size or nature of a stricture, the patient should be placed in the 
recumbent posture, and an instrument that will pass put 
through the stricture and permitted to remain half an hour, 
followed by an iodol. This should be repeated every other 
day, a larger instrument being used every time until a No. 12 
passes easily. Various ointments are in use for the purpose, 
as resorcin, iodol, aristol. By this simple method of the in- 
troduction of these silver sounds and cerates the stricture will 
gradually disappear, and never return; whereas if it is burned 
out by electricity, or slit up with a stiletto, they will invari- 
ably return again and again. 

There are cases met with in which the stricture is dense, has 
become cartilaginous, due to the microbe of syphilis, that are 
benefited by antisyphilitic remedies, and in which the instru- 
ment has to be forcibly pushed through and retained, and a 
process of gradual dilatation carried out; or suppose it to be 
impermeable a full-sized catheter should be pushed through 
into the bladder and retained there fourteen days, during 
which period it will be wiped out by a process of suppuration. 
But suppose, again, a very small instrument can be inserted, 
even with great difficulty, our dilator should be inserted, which 
rapidly restores the urethra to its natural calibre. 

We might again repeat that there is no plan of treatment so 
safe, so successful, as gradual dilation, and when properly car- 
ried out under our directions they never will return. 

The Effects of Stricture. — The effects of a stricture on 
the urinary organs are very many and often serious, being dis- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1067 

astrous in proportion to the amount of obstruction to the pass- 
age of urine, and may all be prevented by our method of treat- 
ment. 

The urethra behind the stricture is always irritated, thick- 
ened, hypertrophied ; gives rise to a persistent gleety dis- 
charge ; in other cases it may be dilated by the backward pres- 
sure of the urine into a pouch or sac. 

In all cases the mucous membrane is inflamed, often ulcer- 
ated, ragged; the lacuna enlarged, forming little pockets, in 
which microbes, the urine, and products of inflammation accu- 
mulate. The progress of these cases is onward; ulceration 
penetrates the urethral walls, and urinary fistula follows. 
There is liability to extravasation of urine, and great damage to 
the prostate and bladder. 

In cases of urinary fistula, it is usually immediately behind 
the stricture and is the result of the damming back of the urine 
giving rise to ulceration, or gradual thinning of the urethral 
walls, until it eats through. The urethra is more liable to per- 
forate in the bulbous portion. In bad cases a large amount of 
tissue may slough off. 

Complete retention of urine from an organic stricture is gen- 
erally brought about by some complication, as anything which 
excites active congestion, as a highly acid state of the urine, 
spasm of the muscles at the neck of the bladder. 

When urine is retained in the bladder the micrococcus urea 
is evolved, which often gives rise to dreadful results, pam, in- 
flammation, thickening, involuntary contractions, and hyper- 
trophy, with sacculated bladder. 

Retention of urine may be due either to a congested or swol- 
len state of the mucous membrane of the urethra, or stricture, 
or paralysis of the neck of the bladder from the gonococcus 
migrating back to the ejaculatory ducts and bladder. 

The first indication in the management of this is to render 
the urine alkaline by repeated doses of the uric acid solvent ; 
hot hip baths; the application of a solution of belladonna to 
the pubes, penis and perineum, just as hot as can be borne; 
cocain suppositories introduced into the rectum. These and 
other means failing, a catheter should be introduced and drawn 
off. 

The Gonococcus in the Kidneys. — Gonorrhea is a fre- 
quent causative factor in disease of the kidneys, even active 
inflammation. 

This is produced by a migration of the micro-organism along 
the bladder and ureters 



1068 The Germicide, 20th Century Practice 

This is the result of excessive stimulation by copaiba and 
cubebs, causing partial retention. The bladder being filled 
causes the urine to collect in the pelvis, calyces and tubules of 
the kidney, a sort of damming back; in this retained urine the 
gonococcus is present. 

Besides the two remedies mentioned often induce disease of 
the kidneys. 

Gonorrhea in the Female, — The multiplicity of causes 
discharges in the female, render the use of the microscope in- 
dispensable for the diagnosis of every case that comes under 
our observation. The presence of the micrococcus of gon- 
orrhea is far more common in the vagina and even of, the neck 
of the uterus than in the male urethra. The presence of the 
gonococcus in any discharge renders it contagious, but there 
are discharges due to the presence of other germs, as the pyor 
genes, or pus germ; the sarcinse of uterine catarrh, which, if 
they be present in the vagina when coitus takes place, give rise 
to quite a discharge in the male, which cannot properly be 
termed a gonorrhea. 

To be more explicit, a woman may be capable of communi- 
cating any discharge she may have, for all of them contain 
germinal matter of some kind, and are all contagious, but the 
genital discharge, which communicates gonorrhea, must have 
the gonococcus in it, and she must have received it from an in- 
fecting source. 

The thousands of male patients who have consulted the 
author with regard to their gonorrhea have all, with but few 
exceptions, obtained it from the fresh secretions. Still there 
is no doubt that certain discharges from the vagina, when no 
gonococcus is present, are also communicable. 

When a gonorrhea exists there must be present the patho- 
genic microbe as its cause, usually in forming nests in the 
crypts or follicles of the mucous membrane; a high grade of 
inflammation is present, and the vulva, urethra and vagina are 
bathed with thick greenish pus. The urethra is usually in- 
vaded with the germ, and many maintain that the persistence 
of urethritis is good for diagnosis. This will not do, for 
urethritis is often caused by vascular excrescences and other 
states, and we must depend upon the microscope for a correct 
recognition of the case. 

It is important in practice to be able to say positively that 
such is the case; and we have only one positive landmark to 
guide us, and that is the presence of the germ in the field of the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1069 

microscope. Unless this is used there is great incertitude re- 
garding it. Very true, nearly all cases of gonorrhea in the 
male are derived from the fresh secretions of the vagina. 

Inflammation of the urethra is present in all females who 
have gonorrhea ; a very rare symptom of all other affections of 
the genital tract. 

The gonococcus often gives rise to vulvitis, the mucous 
membrane covering the labia, the follicles of which in some 
cases pour out a thick purulent secretion, often extremely of- 
fensive, and the pain is excruciating. 

The microbe, once in the vagina, is very apt to migrate into 
the neck of the uterus, unless our specific treatment be adopted ; 
there it gives rise to ulceration or erosions of the cervix; still 
further the germ may find its way into the uterus, although in 
the large proportion of cases it is confined to the cavity of the 
cervix. 

The two great causes of intrauterine catarrh are either re- 
peated abortions or the microbe of gonorrhea. 

From the uterus the ovaries are often attacked, and no doubt 
this is the chief cause of the sterility of many women. There 
is no doubt that the presence of the gonococcus in the vagina, 
uterine appendages, is the chief cause of the notorious infer- 
tility of prostitutes. 

Leukorrhea of a contagious character may arise from nu- 
merous causes, as immoderate sexual intercourse, violent mas- 
turbation, the presence of vegetations, errors in diet, ascarides 
in the rectum, and the external influences of cold ; moisture. 

Vaginitis may be caused by scarlatina, and in young chil- 
dren from malnutrition; teething; ascarides. 

Complications of Gonorrhea. — There are several acci- 
dents which may happen to a patient suffering from the pres- 
ence of the gonococcus, such as enlargement of the glands of 
the groin, balanitis and inflammation of the prepuce, prosta- 
titis, retention of urine, abscess of the periurethral tissues, 
etc. ; gonorrheal rheumatism and ophthalmia. In inflamma- 
tion of the urethra, the glands of the groin become engorged 
through reflex irritation, or by migration of the gonococcus 
into the gland through the lymphatics. 

Sometimes the skin of the organ becomes of a rosy hue and 
more or less considerably swollen, while the lymphatics are in- 
flamed and enlarged. The penis sometimes becomes greatly 
enlarged, twisted, and so painful as to cause sleeplessness and 
feverishness ; when but a few simple remedies will subdue this 



1070 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

apparently serious condition. Sometimes, however, diffuse 
suppuration of the prepuce takes place, followed by gangrene. 
At other times there is induration of the prepuce. Balanitis, 
that is, inflammation of the covering of the glans and inner 
aspect of the prepuce, is often a complication when the dis- 
charges are not neutralized or washed away. 

There is a very peculiar, chronic form of balanitis, not caused 
by either of the venereal germs. It consists in areas or patches 
of a deep-red color, with a slight exudation or moisture; the 
patches are neither raised nor ulcerated; they are not round, 
but have abruptly margined edges. They are generally met 
with in men over the middle period of life. They often remain 
for years, with no change unless it be a slight extension. The 
surfaces affected look slimy and glazy, and easily crinkle like 
tissue paper. 

Phimosis results either from serous infiltration of the pre- 
puce or from inflammation. Paraphimosis sometimes takes 
place when the retraction is behind the glans. When phi- 
mosis coexists with balanitis injections of solution of aristol 
under the foreskin speedily effects a cure by killing off the 
germs. In obstinate cases circumcision is often required. 
This, of course, exposes the glans penis, which in no way 
lessens the sensibility of the gland, as some suppose. 

The sacrament of circumcision, as practiced by the Jews, is 
no prophylactic against gonorrhea, but a most effectual check 
on inoculation by the syphilitic germ, hence the wisdom of the 
act. 

Bleeding from the urethra is common in gonorrhea when a 
stimulating plan of treatment is carried out, and should be 
checked by cold ; rest ; gelsemium. 

In cases of retention of urine the patient must be placed in a 
warm bath (102 degrees F.) and warm relaxing injections of 
lobelia into the rectum. The seminal vesicles often suffer, so 
does the prostate become congested, especially if there be con- 
nection, masturbation, or nocturnal emissions, or alcoholic 
drinks as an element in the case. The symptoms of conges- 
tion of the prostate are weight and pain in the perineum, pain- 
ful and frequent micturition, tenesmus and great anguish. 
The prostate can be felt to be enlarged and sensitive by the in- 
troduction of the finger into the rectum, and when a catheter is 
introduced into the urethra it is suddenly arrested ; there may 
be rigors; fever; insomnia. Either resolution or suppuration 
may take place, but if the former all goes well ; if the latter, the 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 1071 

abscess may burst into the rectum, or urethra, leaving a cavity 
and giving rise to extreme danger. Prostatitis produces 
chronic hypertrophy in old men; in the young, tubercular en- 
largement. In rare cases, in the hands of the inexperienced, 
or badly managed, it may prove fatal. 

Chronic prostatitis may also be caused by the gonococcus 
entering the prostate, also by excessive sexual intercourse, or 
masturbation. In such an affection a leakage, or moisture, is 
frequent, consisting of mucous corpuscles, epithelium cells with 
or without pus, much resembling an involuntary seminal emis- 
sion. The use of the microscope readily clears up what its 
nature is. 

Acute inflammation of the bladder is common, as the germ 
passes back at any time during the period of its growth. Fre- 
quent desire to micturate, with tenesmus, sometimes leading to 
incontinence of urine, pain with least drop of blood in the 
urine. Generally subsides rapidly under our remedies. 

Epididymitis is also a common occurrence in gonorrhea, when 
it is treated empirically either by excessive stimulation, or irri- 
tating injections. The gonococcus goes for the epididymis, 
so does masturbation, excess, drinking, but the syphilitic mi- 
crobe selects the testes proper. In the testicular covering, 
when the micro-organism of gonorrhea is present, plastic 
lymph is effused into the little canals, or the cellular tissue sur- 
rounding them, most marked at the tail of the epididymis, and 
long after the inflammation ceases the induration persists, 
which usually gradually disappears ; but they may remain, and 
be little thought of until sterility of one testicle, or complete in- 
fecundity if both are inflamed. 

In either case there is either a poverty or a total absence of 
spermatozoa in the seminal discharge. 

Unless epididymis is managed upon our correct princples of 
treatment, no spermatozoa are to be found in the semen, but 
if managed with our remedies they will ultimately reappear. 
If there be induration of both testicles sterility ensues, but this 
under good treatment may disappear. In the immense ma- 
jority of cases, epididymitis is not a grave affection; and it is 
in cases where it is double and under the care of ignorant em- 
pirics, followed bv hard points in the tail, that it produces ster- 
ility. 

Gonorrhea does not directly cause rheumatism, but the oc- 
currence of articular rheumatism along with a gonorrhea is 
common. This consequence of gonorrhea is rarely met with 



1072 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

before the third week, and it is usually confined to a few joints ; 
rarely implicates the heart. , 

There are two affections of the eye common during an em- 
pirically treated gonorrhea; the one is ophthalmia produced by 
the direct application of the gonococcus to the eye; in the other 
the sclerotic coat of the eye is affected as in rheumatism. 

Fortunately the presence of the gonococcus in the eye is not 
very common, but when it does happen, there is. a sudden in- 
vasion of very acute symptoms ; lachrymation, abundant muco- 
purulent discharge from the conjunctiva; edema of the eye- 
lids, with spasm of the orbicularis; chemosis; periorbital pain 
amounting to anguish, with effusion into the layers of the cor- 
nea with a tendency to ulceration. The prognosis of such cases 
is bad, and demands the nicest tact, care, experience and judg- 
ment. 

Gonorrhea in women is altogether a less formidable mal- 
ady than it is in men; the lymph spaces in which the germ 
lives and multiplies are wide apart, renders the symptoms 
milder, less acute, more apt to degenerate into a chronic gleet. 
The principal complications that may arise are bubo and ulcer- 
ation of the neck of the uterus. 

When a woman is affected with gonorrhea she has pain in 
micturition, considerable scalding, backache, pains in the thighs. 

The extent or area of the gonococcus may be either the ex- 
ternal parts, the labia, nymphae, meatus urinarius, or vagina, 
and neck of the uterus ; a discharge of germ-laden mucopuru- 
lent matter from one or all; when it involves the uterine neck' 
ulceration is inevitable. 

The disease in woman must be carefully diagnosed from 
other discharges to which they are liable. From leukorrhea, a 
thick white discharge ; from catarrh of the neck of the uterus, 
or that termed intrauterine ; from vulvitis, inflammation of the 
external parts of genitals, dependent on a want of cleanliness, 
or a form from intestinal irritation, very common among chil- 
dren. 

The treatment is very similar to that recommended for men, 
general principles must guide. During the acute stage, rest in 
bed; hot fomentations; hip baths. Three times a day, at least, 
the vagina should be syringed out with either a solution of 
boroglycerid, or ozonized witch-hazel, or resorcin, or creolin, 
and boroglycerid pastils kept constantly inserted after each 
injection. The insertions of these latter make short all attacks 
of gonorrhea in the female. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1073 

The Syphilitic Germ in Women. — All microbial affec- 
tions, in which the blood, tissues and organs of the body are im- 
plicated, present precisely the same conditions in the female as 
in the male. The syphilitic germ is no exception ; but it must 
be admitted, that the predominance of certain forms of tem- 
perament, and particularly the nervous, with the conditions 
inherent in the manner of living, diet, habits, as well as the 
special conformation of the genital organs, either exaggerate 
or lessen certain manifestations of the germ in women. 

With regard to the extraordinary immunity of the vagina 
from syphilitic chancres, its anatomical construction forbids 
it unless there be a crack or fissure. There is the same distinc- 
tion to be observed between the hard and soft sores in the 
female as in the male. 

The extraordinary number of cases occurring on the nipple 
must either be due to carrying the germ on the fingers or by the 
mouth, in the saliva. As a rule the latter secretion is heavily 
loaded, as we see the germ carried in tattooing, when the saliva 
is used. Mammary infection is perfect, sore or no sore, if a 
sore is seen, coppery red, elevated, slightly eroded, or a crack 
or fissure; when matured an eroded papule, a pustule of ec- 
thyma, about the size of a ten-cent piece. 

The chancre of the cervix uteri is situated either centrally, or 
excentrically. When central it often passes up to the cavity of 
the cervix. Papular in form ; rarely very large ; not painful ; 
sores on both nipple and uterus are liable to have engorgement 
of the lymph glands in close proximity. 

Herpes on the female organs, as in the male, is often mistaken 
for the initial lesion of syphilis. 

The bacillus of syphilis is the same in either sex; has the 
same histological elements; the same structure; the same pro- 
gress. And why not ? Have not the tissues, the blood, all the 
elements of both the same chemical composition ; the same ar- 
rangement in the one as in the other ? 

The pathognomonic value of induration in chancres and 
sores has been much exaggerated. 

The germ may thus enter in many hidden ways. As a rule, 
however, women are much more seriously affected from the 
presence of the germ than men. The bacillus in women may 
rouse up in their system other germs which are lying dormant, 
as those of tubercle and psora. The toxin of the germ stains 
the skin, often permanently ; this is rarely the case in men. 

The alopecia in women is more severe than in men; some 



1074 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

women lose the hair on the mons, on the eyebrows, axilla, head, 
which is neither so severe or extensive in men. 

Mucous tubercles, condylomata, are merely an efflorescence 
of the germ, the moisture or secretion from which is pre-emi- 
nently contagious. These are often the chief landmarks by 
which the presence of the germ is recognized in the female. 
Of course, the worst cases of mucous tubercles are seen among' 
the most depraved elements of womankind. In women, as in 
men, the germ gives rise to periostitis, ostitis, ostalgia. Peri- 
ostitis is more common ; pains in the joints belong to this. The 
muscular structure in ladies is more frequently affected, and 
pain, contraction, weakness and atrophy of the tissue take 
place. Trembling is the consequence of these affections of the 
muscles. Some women become greatly emaciated and seem to- 
be twenty years older than they really are. These symptoms 
are entirely got rid of by the remedies already enumerated, 
which remove the pains in both joints and bones. 

In addition to the headache, insomnia, nervous weakness,, 
and neuralgic affections, commonly witnessed, all of which are 
amenable to the same remedies. 

There is a curious fact in the progress of the germ in some 
women, that they have occasionally lost sensation in the skin. 
This syphilitic analgesia is peculiar to women, partial and con- 
firmed, chiefly about the back -of the hands, the skin over the 
mammary gland and the cheeks. This analgesia is mostly su- 
perficial and symmetrical. 

It sometimes extends to the mucous membrane. Paralysis of 
special nerves is common, but never difficult to overcome, 
as in men. 

The generative system in women is seriously damaged by 
the bacillus; they suffer often from leukorrheal discharges, 
which are contagious. In a great many women the germ, for 
a long time at least, has little influence on the menstrual func- 
tion; in some cases it produces total suppression. The cause 
of these menstrual troubles resides doubtless in an impairment 
of the general health by the germ. There is little doubt but that 
the germ produces sterility, and it is a rare fact that many 
syphilitic women never become pregnant. 

Pregnancy produces changes in important glands, which 
tend to anemia, and this added to the syphilitic germ produces 
great weakness. Very frequently does not run its full term, 
and the patient suffers an abortion or premature labor. 

How Long Does the Discharge Incidental to Gon- 
orrhea or Gleet Remain Contagious? — This is difficult. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1075 

nay, even impossible in all cases to answer. As the best means 
of deciding the question, it has been laid down that the absence 
of the gonococcus in the discharge, from day to day, renders 
the discharge non-contagious, bereft of its inoculating power 
This faith in the presence of the gonococcus is justified by our 
present knowledge of the germ. 

But it is difficult to say when the urethra is free from this 
micro-organism, as they lodge in the granular patches, the 
crypts and ducts of glands, having ceased to furnish pus. True, 
we can say with certainty when the discharge is no longer spe- 
cific; no longer capable of communicating the disease; that it 
is not contagious. 

This is important, for the gynecologist has made out a for- 
midable list of affections attacking newly married women, 
whose husbands are suffering from slight urethral discharge ; 
which, giving no pain or inconvenience to the patient, has 
ceased to attract attention until the unfortunate wife is afflicted 
by some serious illness of undoubtedly gonorrheal character. 

All men, before marriage, should have their urethra ex- 
amined, especially if they ever have had gonorrhea, to ascertain 
if there are any warts, granulations, nodules, ridges, bridles, 
ulcers in the urethra, as we have instruments of great power, 
and the most scientific methods of discovery, not in possession of 
the ordinary, everyday physician. 

VERTIGO. — A swimming in the head ; muscae volitantes, 
specks or spots before the eyes ; and tinnitus aurium, noises or 
ringing in the ears, are respectively due to exhaustion of the 
cerebral pulp associated either with congestion or anemia. Ver- 
tigo, a transitory state of giddiness, a whirling or falling, sur- 
rounding objects appearing to be in motion, is often followed 
by headache, nausea. It is a symptom of a devitalized state of 
the brain, weakness or general disease of the blood, or it may 
be due to a poison, as opium or tobacco, or alcohol ; or of some 
auditory, cardiac, gastric, intestinal or hepatic affection. Any 
want of equlibrium will give rise to it. It is often a precursor 
of apoplexy and paralysis. In aged persons it is often due to 
disease of the cerebral arteries. Vertigo is the most common 
of all morbid states of the brain, and its great frequency must 
be accounted for irrespective of disease or poisons. 

It has long been known that the nervo-vital fluid within the 
skull forms a bed-plate upon which the brain rests ; that this 
watery fluid within the ventricles finds entry and exit from the 



1076 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

brain into the spinal column, so that it comes and goes from 
spine to brain according as the pressure of blood is less or more, 

Themechanism by which the human frame is adapted to go 
upright is unnecessary to discuss. It will not do to say that 
it was the size of the brain and ambition that gave him this 
nervous energy to brace up or take the trouble to be upright. 
True, the increased size of man's brain and its peculiar richness 
in gray matter necessitate an increased supply of rich blood. 
The erect posture placed in the brain aloft, so that blood supply 
is difficult, but this is guarded against and regulated by the 
cerebrospinal ..fluid. Three ounces of fluid is a small quantity ; 
still, the circulation of blood in the cranium is subject to small 
changes. In extravasation in apoplexy the amount of blood 
seldom exceeds three ounces; there is no room for more; for 
that corresponds with the amount of cerebrospinal fluid. 

In the recumbent posture, the entire spinal fluid is within the 
skull, which slows the heart ten to fourteen beats per minute. 
When the body is raised and the venous blood flows away 
readily from the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid may outstrip the 
arterial blood in the race to supply its place, and thus the ven- 
tricles of the brain may fill up with water more quickly than its 
substance with blood, and so the brain blanches and the person 
feels giddy. In the anemia of exhaustion the ventricles have an 
increased capacity, and many persons, with feeble circulation, 
experience giddiness, a sense of insecurity. Besides these there 
are numerous other conditions that render vertigo more com- 
mon than the other two symptoms. 

The immense size of the human brain, and its extreme rich- 
ness in gray matter (weighing from forty-five to sixty-five 
ounces), necessitates a great demand for phosphates, which, if 
not very abundant in human food, gives rise to a condition of 
starved brain, of which vertigo is the only symptom. This is 
common in brain-workers who neglect a phosphatic diet. 

Vertigo is a peculiar sensation of giddiness with a fear of 
tailing; a feeling of instability, which indicates a disordered 
action of the brain, or that portion of it concerned in co-ordi- 
nation of muscular movements and the maintenance of the 
equilibrium of the body. 

Giddiness has a cause. 

If due to an anemic state of the brain, an insufficient blood 
supply, there will be pallor of the face, dilated pupil, weak pulse, 
signing respiration. Then the indications will be stimulants 
and nutrition, nitroglycerin, protonuclein, cinchona and min- 
eral acids. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1077 

If due to congestion of the brain, or plethora, the face is 
flushed, arteries distended, pupils contracted. Giddiness of this 
sort is always dangerous, and should be treated actively by free 
purgation, dry cups to nape of neck and shoulders, mustard to 
the feet and limbs, with veratrum viride internally and iodide 
potassa. Congestive form, common among women at the two 
critical periods of life, when it is of less importance as a symp- 
tom than when it occurs in men past the middle period of life. 
Passiflora incarnata, apiol solution, in liberal doses, if at pu- 
berty or change of life. 

If due to reflex irritation, to the toxins of the bacteria, and 
the sarcinae ventriculi of indigestion or dyspepsia, there is dis- 
tress after eating, eructation of gases, buzzing noises in the ears, 
dizziness, which lasts a few minutes, during which he may lose 
his balance and fall. Specks or cloudiness may occur during 
the giddiness. 

In this form comp. tincture matricaria or nitrate strychnia 
before meals, papoid or glycerite of pepsin, siegesbeckie tablets, 
immediately after eating. 

Individuals with lowered vitality, the aged, those fatigued 
by overwork, intellectual or physical, are often the sufferers 
from vertigo. 

The principal reflex causes are worms, either the taeniae, tape- 
worms, or the nematodes, or round worms — the former re- 
moved by decoction of pomegranate root bark; the latter by 
santonized obstinate constipation; exercise immediately after 
eating may provoke vertigo. 

Aural and visual vertigo is generally dependent upon the 
action of toxins on the auditory and optic nerves ; such as all 
the alkaloidal poisons, the toxicity of the products of growth 
of all disease germs, as malaria, typhoid fever, pneumonia, 
etc., giving rise to disturbance, altered nutrition of the brain. 

General Principles. — Select from two of the following either 
thyroid extract or protonuclein. or matricaria, or c. p. solution 
spermin, or kephalin granules, or avena. 

If from weak, dilated heart, with albuminuria, matricaria, 
protonuclein, creatinin, nitroglycerin, kephalin, celery comp. 

Hepatic inertia and formation of gall-stones, a prolific cause 
of vertigo ; relieved by phosphate of soda, chionanthus ; cured 
by olive oil and dioxide of hydrogen. 

VERBASCUM.— Either the fresh or dried leaves of the 
mullein plant. 



IO/8 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

Therapeutic Uses. — Of some value as a germicide in pul- 
monary tuberculosis, asthma, bronchitis. It increases assimila- 
tion, and allays cough. 

Preparations and Doses. — Fluid extract doses thirty to sixty 
drops water. 

Mullein oil, prepared by steeping the fresh mullein leaves in 
olive oil, submitting it to polarized sunlight, and before perco- 
lating adding peroxide of hydrogen. Of immense utility in 
earache and deafness. Instantly, as if by magic, gets rid of 
all purulent discharges which are so unpleasant and dangerous, 
Cures deafness, polypus, and neuralgia. 

VIBURNUM. — Black haw, a nervine tonic, antispasmodic, 
exceedingly valuable as a uterine restorative, and an excellent 
remedy for habitual abortion. 

Preparation and Doses. — Fluid extract thirty to sixty drops. 

In addition to these new remedies, there is a class of so-called 
concentrations which must never be confounded with the alka- 
loids and glucosides, the true active principles of drugs. These 
concentrated medicines or resinoids are prepared, for the most 
part, by evaporating, or distilling off, the alcohol of a saturated 
alcoholic tincture of the drug, until reduced nearly to the con- 
sistency of honey, and then gradually poured into about ioo 
parts of cold water (below 50 degrees F.). When the pre- 
cipitate has settled, the water is poured off, and the precipitate 
(resinoid) is washed twice with fresh portions of cold water, 
by decantation. The resinoid is then spread out in thin layers , 
and dried in a cool place free from dust. 

They are thus really not much stronger than a solid extract 
in trituration, or an abstracta. 

VITAL FLUID. — There are thousands of weak, nerveless, 
men, who do not know what ails them; thousands of invalids 
whom the attending physicians cannot account for their rapid 
waste of strength, energy, vitality; much less check it. Some 
are treated for malaria ; others for neurasthenia ; while another 
class are managed for an exhausted brain ; others sicken and 
die in hopeless despair. 

Masturbation, sexual excesses, congress with harlots, per- 
version of the sexual act, even immoral literature, not only- 
drain off the internal secretion of spermin, so essential for am- 
bition, so necessary for mental vigor and growth, but such 
weaken, relax, srive rise to varicocele and a steady, invisible ooz- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 10 79 

ing of the vitalizing elements — the incessant loss lowers vitality , 
gives rise to mental disease, hebetude of mind, confusion of 
ideas, imperfect memory. 

The loss of both the internal and external secretions of sper- 
min gives rise to wasting of the reproductive glands — the 
organ with all its appendages atrophies, becomes small, puny, 
and wastes away, terminating in impotency. 

To-day, a physician who has kept up with the times can cure 
these cases of seminal leakages, which twenty years ago was 
deemed impossible. This department of medical science has 
reached perfection. 

In illustration of this we could cite case after case sent us 
by the most eminent physicians — cases deemed chronic and in- 
curable, which under the germicidal remedies for a few months 
were restored to sexual strength and vigor. 

Twenty years ago the action of the green root tincture of 
gelsemium and passiflora incarnata with negative ozone were 
unknown. With their proper use to-day, all nocturnal emis- 
sions are completely arrested ; and for those invisible losses 
going on at all times, the salix nigra suppository and bougies 
act with promptitude ; besides, the use of the black willow inter- 
nally rarely fails. 

Twenty years ago, we had neither kephalin, nor avena sativa, 
nor c. p. solution of spermin, to furnish the system with vital 
elements to restore enfeebled vitality. 

Masturbation, at any age, is a blight — retards growth and 
development ; the brain is imperfectly nourished, a nervous or- 
ganization is acquired, delusional insanity sets in; the depriv- 
ing the brain of its internal secretion gives rise to suicidal 
mania. For this condition, the tincture of ambrosia orientalis 
meets the leading indications. 

VITAL FORCE.— The capability of the vital forces in a 
condition of health to resist either the evolution or entrance 
of disease germs is remarkable; but if they are exhausted, 
enervated, both the evolution, growth and entrance of disease 
germs is certain. 

Sustain the vital forces by every possible means is the key to 
health, and the primary principle in the treatment of all dis- 
eases. Strong vital force renders all bacteria powerless — the 
destructive germ can only enter when its defences are de- 
stroyed. The administration of germicides may kill germs, 
or stop their growth, but the aim of all treatment is to construct 



1080 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

or build up. The slightest element of devitalization, the de- 
fensive mechanism is weakened; microbes become active; but 
as long as vital force is maintained they are insignificant. Sus- 
tain the vital forces, keep in health, which means, have abun- 
dance of fresh air, thorough cleanliness, good food, no ex- 
cesses, moderate exercise, no worry. In sickness this means 
more; the break down must be repaired, flagging energies re- 
vived, stimulated, toned. 

Special selection of food, of bathing ; massage and remedies 
to eliminate morbid matter and restore the function of organs ; 
constructive remedies always; tissue-builders to sustain the 
vital forces. We drive out bacteria ; render them harmless by 
so doing. 

VITALITY OF THE SEXES.— There is a prevailing im- 
pression that men are not only less subject to ailments and ill- 
nesses and are longer lived than women, but an examination 
of life-insurance companies' tables will show that the term of 
life of women is slightly longer than that of men. The dif- 
ference in the mortality rates during the first few years of life 
is striking. During the first year the mortality among males 
is decidedly greater than among females. Though more boys 
are born than girls the proportions are reduced to almost even 
terms at the end of the first year by the excessive male mor- 
tality. Even during the first four years the mortality among 
males exceeds that among females, notwithstanding the fact 
that there are practically no distinctions made in the manage- 
ment of the two sexes. Both are subject to the same condi- 
tions, are dressed virtually alike, and receive the same food. 
At about five years the comparative death rate among girls 
begins to increase. This has been attributed to the fact that 
boys of this age are more in the open air. The mortality in 
both sexes diminishes from this time to the twelfth year, when 
it attains its lowest point. It then steadily rises, being larger 
in each successive year. Between the twelfth and sixteenth 
years the death-rate among girls increases more rapidly than 
among boys, but after the sixteenth year, for several years the 
rate of increase is more rapid on the male side. The explana- 
tions that have been offered for these peculiarities are not 
wholly satisfactory, but one fact is clear that during early years 
females possess a greater tenacity of life than do males. 

VOMITING AND RETCHING.— Vomiting is due to 

forcible and repeated contraction of abdominal muscles, the 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1081 

diaphragm being pressed by closure of the glottis ; the stomach 
is thus compressed against the diaphragm, and by this force, 
together with its own contraction, the pylorus being closed, 
and the cardiac sphincter relaxed, the gastric contents are ex- 
pelled upwards. In retching there are fruitless attempts to 
empty the stomach, the cardiac sphincter being contracted, or 
the stomach empty. 

Nausea, vomiting, and retching, are present as symptoms in 
many diseases, as in cerebral, spinal, pulmonary, biliary, gas- 
tric, pancreatic, intestinal, uterine, ovarian disorders. They are 
often reflex, as in pregnancy, irritation of pneumogastric 
nerve, as in poisons and irritating substances. To disease 
germs in blood, as smallpox, scarlatina, yellow fever, icho- 
remia, etc. To acute or chronic gastritis or peritonitis. To ab- 
dominal aneurisms, tumors, ascites, to invagination of bowels, 
strangulated hernia, or some latent, morbid state. 

When the vomiting is due to some derangement of the stom- 
ach, liver, and intestines, it is likely to be preceded by nausea, 
dicharge of contents of stomach, biliary matters, offensive se- 
cretions, acid matter, pus, blood ; tongue usually coated, breath 
foul, white of eye tinged, abdominal griping pain, fetid eruc- 
tations, diarrhea, unhealthy stools, and the headache is frontah 

When due to some brain difficulty or reflex condition acting 
on a weakened bulb, there is no nausea, no food, tongue clean, 
breath sweet or pure, and if there is headache, is mostly 
behind ; no belching of foul gases. 

If vomiting and retching is due to disordered stomach, liver, 
pancreas, bowels. 

Lobelia emetic, cleanse out bowels, saline purge, or com- 
pound licorice powder, and follow with cinchona and nitromu- 
riatic acid ; a bland, simple diet, rest. 

If due to disease germs in fevers, give antiseptics, as echina- 
cea, ozone-water, carbolic acid, and tincture of iodine, yeast 
and milk. 

If due to inflammation, as in acute gastritis, peritonitis, yel- 
low fever, green root tincture gelsemium and passiflora, mus- 
tard over stomach, toast-water in half teaspoonful dose, lime- 
water and milk, ice in mouth, but spit out fluid as it melts. 

If due to cholera germs, ozone-water, camphor, menthol, 
echinacea, carbolic acid and iodine, with external warmth. 
Vinegar, always at hand, the comma bacillus present in either 
epidemic or cholera morbus cannot exist in the presence of di- 
lute acetic acid. Give this and the microbe perishes; patient 
promptly relieved. ; 



1082 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

If due to alcohol, aromatic spirits of ammonia, with infusion 
of calumba, or kurchicin. 

If due to reflex irritation, in pregnancy, try strong cup of 
coffee before getting out of bed in the morning; oxalate of 
cerium in five-grain doses thrice daily; infusion of cloves, 
lemon- juice. Drop doses of wine of ipecac, laurel- water, sul- 
phurous acid, spirits of chloroform, or, better still, chloroform 
and menthol. 

If due to hysteria, musk-root, wine of aletris, valerian, shower 
baths, cups to loins. If it does not yield, uterine alteratives; 
food and liquids in small quantity. 

Seasickness. — A flannel roller around abdomen; a few 
drops of chloroform in sweetened water; inhalation of from 
five to eight drops of nitrate of amyl. A one per cent solution of 
nitroglycerin in minim doses, repeated; bromhydric acid, car- 
bonic acid gas, as in champagne, effervescing salt; recumbent 
posture, head to bow of ship. 

In some cases a cup of tea and soda biscuit, early rising, keep- 
ing centre of vessel, and avoid wine, alcohol. 

WARBURG'S TINCTURE.— The following is the for- 
mula for this preparation : 

Aloes soc. one pound ; rhubarb, angelica fruit, confection of 
democratis, of each four ounces; elecampane, saffron, fennel, 
prepared chalk, of each two ounces ; gentian, zedoary, cubebs, 
myrrh, camphor, agaric, of each one ounce. Digest the whole 
in 500 ounces of alcohol for fourteen days, then percolate, after 
which ten ounces of quinine are added and dissolved. 

Indicated in malaria. 

WARTS. — Warts, or papillomata of the skin, consist of 
enlarged, elongated papillae covered by horny epidermis— that 
is to say, a little patch of the papillary layer of the skin has 
hyper trophied, and the horny layers over it have also increased 
in thickness. There are several kinds of warts. The common 
wart, verruca vulgaris, is dry and horny, and its surface is 
mapped out by minute cracks. They are usually multiple, and 
vary in size from a pin's head to that of a pea. They occur 
most frequently on the hands and face of young people, and 
come and go without apparent cause. They sometimes appear 
rapidly in crops, and vanish quite as rapidly. At times they 
occur symmetrically — that is, if a wart is on one side of the 
face or on one hand, another wart will be found at an exactly 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1083 

similar spot on the other side. This fact may point to some 
nervous cause, but is supposed to depend upon microbic origin. 

Owing to some adverse state or condition in which the pro- 
toplasmic elements are either changed, altered or degraded 
into a disease germ, the bacterium porri, which is pathogenic of 
warts. 

The microbe bears culture well in any warm nutrient fluid ; if 
cultures are injected into any animal it invariably causes an 
abundant crop of warts to appear over the entire body. Conta- 
gious and infectious on close contact. 

The microbe is at first sterilized, then completely annihi- 
lated by the internal and local administration of thuja occiden- 
talis. Lactic or acetic acid also of efficacy ; peroxide of hydro- 
gen, bichloride of mercury excellent as follows : Fifteen grains 
of corrosive sublimate added to one ounce of collodion ; painted 
on the wart once daily until it entirely disappears, is efficacious. 

Venereal Warts. — Warts, wherever they exist, are both 
contagious and infectious. Regarded as simple when they 
grow upon the fingers. When associated with syphilis, oc- 
curring on the male or female genitals, they are denominated 
venereal. Chancres are, by mere coincidence, often implanted 
upon the existing warts. On the genitals of both sexes rapid 
multiplication and bulk is the rule. 

A never failing remedy for all warts is the ozonized oil of 
thuja, administered both orally and applied locally. To be 
completely successful, to eradicate the spores of the microbe 
from the blood, it must be administered internally in five- to ten- 
drop doses in a glass of water thrice daily; locally, parts 
thoroughly cleansed, well dried and applied several times daily. 
It is a certain, slow, painless method, never fails. 

WEN. — A name given to a circumscribed indolent tumor; 
without inflammation or change of color of the skin ; met with 
in all parts of the body; their size and nature very variable. 
They come properly under the head of sebaceous cysts, filled 
either with a serous fluid or fatty or cheesy substance. 

Extirpation is the only treatment available. 

WHITLOW. — Properly speaking, whitlow, or felon, is sim- 
ply periostitis, inflammation of the periosteum of the phalanges 
of the fingers, and often proceeding to suppuration. The part 
attacked, however, is confined to the fingers ; the same disease 
may also appear in the toes. Paronychia and onychia are 



1084 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

terms which are used to express the same disease. Surgical 
authors describe several forms of whitlow or paronychia, ac- 
cording to the textures which the inflammation attacks. Thus 
it may be situated in the skin, the tendons or theca of the 
finger or toes, in the periosteum, or it may be seated in the cel- 
lular tissue under the nail. When the inflammation is con- 
fined to the skin, vesicles appear, which quickly advance to 
suppuration, and the case requires little attention. When the 
subcutaneous cellular tissue is affected, the case is more serious, 
though it seldom extends ; there is throbbing pain of the part, 
and there may be severe constitutional disturbance, and sup- 
puration is a less greater length of time in taking place. The 
whitlow under the nail differs from this form only in situation. 
In these cases only the cellular tissue under the cutis is affected, 
and no great danger or mischief is to be apprehended from the 
whitlow. W'hen, however, the inflammation extends to the 
tendons, periosteum, and bone, then the symptoms are very 
severe ; and by extending from the finger affected, up the arm, 
and involving a large extent of surface, fatal consequences have 
sometimes been the result. 

The commencement of this form of whitlow is indicated by 
a burning, shooting, throbbing pain of the finger, with a vary- 
ing degree of constitutional disturbance. Sometimes the fe- 
brile symptoms are very violent ; and when the arm is involved, 
delirium and other alarming symptoms come on. At first 
there is no perceptible change in the part affected; at length, 
however, slight swelling comes on, which may extend up the 
arm even to the axilla. In these cases a small quantity of 
matter is collected under the flexor tendon of the finger or 
under the periosteum, in which latter case the bone is 
mostly affected with caries. Whitlows may be caused by 
some external injury, such as a prick from a needle, pin, thorn, 
or other pointed object, or they may arise spontaneously. The 
latter not infrequently occurs in young persons who are appar- 
ently in a good state of health. 

The treatment consists in applying the most powerful form 
of local stimulation over the affected part; powerful but not 
destructive oil or saturated tincture of lobelia constantly ap- 
plied; but if there be evidence of suppuration, rigors, pains 
changed to a throbbing, swelling; free incisions down to the 
affected periosteum are indispensable. At the same time ad- 
ministering antiseptics, such as ozonized concentrated tine, 
of echinacea, or peroxide of hydrogen. 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1085 

WIND DYSPEPSIA.— Flatulence, wind, spasms, or belch- 
ing — for this affection is known by all these names — is one of 
the commonest symptoms of dyspepsia, and is often the one of 
which the sufferer is most anxious to be cured. Dyspeptics 
nearly always complain loudly of the "wind in their stomach," 
and frequently enough regard it as being at once the essence 
and cause of all their discomforts. The gas that produces all 
this trouble is usually derived from undigested food, detained 
in the stomach and undergoing a process of fermentation or 
simple putrefactive change. It is thought that sometimes it is 
formed by the stomach itself, for the flatulency may come on 
when that organ is quite empty. Many people always suffer 
from this disorder if a meal happens to be delayed beyond the 
accustomed hour. Sometimes the flatus is quite tasteless, while 
at others it is attended with both the flavor and odor of rotten 
eggs. Flatulent dyspepsia occurs far more frequently in women 
than in men. Nervous and hypochondriacal women, who par- 
take of tea, are very liable to suffer from it, especially when 
there is a general relaxed condition, and want of tone of the 
system. Frequently the gas accumulates so quickly in the 
stomach and intestines, and leads to such an amount of disten- 
tion of the abdomen, that patients have to loosen their clothes 
from inability to bear their tightness. In many people flatu- 
lence is always produced by the use of any food which is liable 
to undergo rapid fermentation. 

The formation of gases in the stomach indicates neuras- 
thenia of that organ. It is, therefore, best to arrange treatment 
into palliative and curative. 

Palliate the formation of wind by the use of one or other of 
the following remedies: Either willow charcoal, pulverized, 
in five- to ten-grain tablets before meals, is of great value ; men- 
thol alone — better still in chloroform; a few drops added to 
water rapidly dispels gases; sulphocarbolates or siegesbeckie 
tablets ; sulphur water, or remedies of the aromatic series — gin- 
ger, oil of cajuput, comp. tr. horseradish ; in other words, all 
antiseptics. 

Curative remedies are to be selected from the following 
group : One given before meals, another two hours after eating ; 
both to be changed weekly: Ozonized glycerite of pepsin; 
comp. tincture matricaria, collinsonia, American calumba, keph- 
alin granules, a most excellent stomach invigorator. Tonics 
that will dissolve readily in the stomach should have a prefer- 
ence. 



io86 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

At the same time, when those remedies are being used, 
observe the following rules: The first rule is to eat slowly, 
masticate thoroughly, and insalivate completely, three things 
which are by no means always the same. The next rule is to 
take solids and liquids separately, the latter in the shape of 
hot water on rising in the morning, between eleven and twelve 
in the forenoon, about four or five in the afternoon, and at 
night before going to bed. When these rules do not suffice to 
remove the dyspepsia, the patient must take his farinaceous 
and proteid foods at different meals alternately, a farinaceous 
meal at breakfast time, and again at five o'clock, and meat or 
fish meals at midday and at eight o'clock. In some cases it 
will be found advantageous to supplement the gastric juice 
with a little acid and pepsin. 

WORRY. — Man possesses three brains proper, the cerebrum, 
the cerebellum and spinal cord, and great sympathetic — worry, 
fret, struggle belong to the third. Nevertheless their very exis- 
tence injures the brain cells proper, and as the cerebrum presides 
over all organs — all suffer. Worry acts as an irritant which, if 
long continued and persistent, makes grave inroads into the ce- 
rebral pulp. Occasional worry, fret, struggle, the brain can cope 
with; it is the iteration and reiteration which the brain cells 
cannot endure — the persistent blows never ceasing; the same 
week in and week out, that irretrievably diminishes the vigor 
of that delicate organism. 

The brain wears out more rapidly under worry than under 
work ; the former tires out the brain cells, the great sympathetic, 
the cortex of the frontal lobes ; degenerative changes set in. 

The brain can stand much irritation, but it is the perpetual 
wear in one isolated, monotonous groove that causes meta- 
morphosis. 

The effect on the nerve cells is chemical as well as mechani- 
cal ; fatigue products are found in the cells during the period of 
repose and relaxation — these products are toxical and produce 
pathological and microscopical changes in the cells. 

The entire nutrition of the body is dependent on normal con- 
dition of the brain; if it be unable to eliminate waste toxical 
substances it loses its vitality; appetite fails; a state of mal- 
nutrition sets in. In either sex worry is bad ; to a man, with 
a full-developed great sympathetic, it stamps an impress of de- 
terioration upon his brain ; to a woman, with her rudimentary 
'■sympathetic," it is evanescent. 






and Dictionary of Diseases. 1087 

In either case it must be avoided, abolished; the emotion 
must be dropped. 

Passiflora incarnata in very large doses, alternated with 
kephalin, are our best remedies for a damaged great sympa- 
thetic by worry. 

That mental strain and kindred affections may and do have 
an effect on the genitourinary system, aside from that superin- 
duced by masturbation and sexual excess, we have had occa- 
sion to observe in a large practice devoted exclusively to the 
diagnosis and treatment of nervous disease. Thus through 
close application to business or literary pursuits, lawyers, bank- 
ers, ministers and students are very subject to a form of im- 
paired vital and sexual power, which is commonly termed ner- 
vous exhaustion; and such cases are usually very difficult to 
treat, because the system is so run down that there is very little 
stamina or vitality to rely upon, and many not having any idea 
what their real trouble is, lose much valuable time in treating 
for dyspepsia, consumption, neurasthenia, and the like, when 
really their very life and vitality are oozing away from them in 
their urine or otherwise. The results of overwork and mental 
strain are becoming alarmingly prevalent, and coupled with ex- 
cesses give rise to loss of nerve power and a predisposition to 
disease. For all such cases I have derived the utmost benefit 
in my practice from the use of ozonized glycerite of kephalin 
in alternation with coca. 

WOUNDS. — Wounds are denned to be the separation of 
parts by external violence that ought to be together or united. 

Varieties. — The incised wounds are those made with clean- 
cutting, sharp instruments; the punctured, or those made by 
instruments whose length greatly exceeds their breadth, includ- 
ing stabs or pricks; the lacerated, in which parts are torn ; and 
the contused, or those effected by bruising. 

The incised are the least dangerous, as they are produced by 
little violence, and admit easily of repair. The punctured are 
dangerous, from their depth, and from the possibility that 
either deep vessels or viscera may be injured, or that deep- 
seated extravasation of blood or abscess may follow. The lac- 
crated, or contused wounds, are produced with greater violence, 
less likely to heal, and more prone to slough or suppurate. They 
do not bleed so readily as incised wounds. 

Treatment. — The treatment of all wounds comprise four 
indications: (1) to check bleeding; (2) to remove foreign 



1088 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

bodies; (3) to bring the divided parts into apposition and 
keep them in union, and (4) to promote adhesion. 

Bleeding should be arrested by a raised position; the appli- 
cation of a sponge and pressure, and if a vessel is torn it must 
be tied. 

Foreign bodies should be removed by fingers, forceps, 
sponge, water. The edges are to be brought together by 
stitches, one in the centre and the requisite number on each side : 
and they are to be supported by adhesive strips and bandage : 
and to promote healing, antiseptic dressing should be applied . 
as solution of ozonized boroglycerid, diluted tincture echina- 
cea, tincture of benzoin, balsam of fir; so as to destroy the 
micro-organism in the wound. 

Wounds of the Ear, Nose. — Wash the parts well by drop- 
ping cold water on them from a squeezed sponge; then press 
sponge on the part; when thoroughly cleansed, introduce as 
many stitches as are necessary to keep the edges together. 
Even if parts are completely separated they should be cleansed 
and placed accurately in their place, and stitched there, as they 
often adhere. Over and above the stitches, dress with some 
antiseptic, as balsam of fir, or compound tincture of benzoin, 
or pulverized borax ; or if parts have been completely severed, 
compound tincture of myrrh. Keep wet all the time. Over 
all some bandage. 

Wounds of the Scalp. — Cleanse thoroughly; remove all 
foreign bodies, as dirt, sand; shave the parts all around the 
wound, for one or more inches back; then with lead-wire the 
edges may be stitched together. If there is no lead-wire handy 
use adhesive plaster; over it a compress, and then a bandage. 
Stitches in scalp-wounds should never be made with linen or 
silk thread. Whatever is resorted to should latterly be fol- 
lowed by some antiseptic dressing, as balsam of fir, pulverized 
borax, or compound tincture of benzoin, or echinacea. 

Wounds of the Throat. — Seize and tie every bleeding- 
vessel that can be secured. If the windpipe is only partially 
cut through, secure it with strips of adhesive plaster. If it is 
completely divided, bring its edges together by stitches 
through the skin and the covering of the windpipe on both sides, 
drawing them closely together. Don't put any stitches through 
the windpipe itself. Adhesive plaster to be applied, dressed 
with some antiseptic, and the head kept well bent forward, to 
aid in the approximation of the wound. 

Wounds of the Back of Neck. — The skin and muscles of 



axd Dictionary of Diseases. ' 1089 

the back of the neck are often cut deep to the bone, by razors ; 
head drops forwards. Stitches of strong saddlers' silk to be 
inserted at close intervals; adhesive strips, antiseptics, and 
head kept well back to favor approximation and union. 

Wounds of the Chest. — In simple, incised wounds of the 
chest their edges should be drawn together by adhesive plaster, 
and compresses of antiseptics applied, and kept wet, and the 
chest bandaged so as to confine the ribs; bowels opened, and 
treatment for pleurisy resorted to. If the wound has been oc- 
casioned by a bullet, remove it if possible, or any clothing that 
may have been carried into the wound. Dress with lotions of 
permanganate of potassa, and keep patient over on the 
wounded side, so as to drain it effectually. If a portion of lung 
protrudes, return it into its place gently. Bayonets, crowbars, 
etc., penetrating the chest, to be removed, treated antiseptically, 
and on general principles. 

Wounds of the Belly. — In wounds of the abdomen, use 
stitches through the skin only, about half an inch from the 
edge of the wound; put them close, every one-quarter or one- 
half inch; apply between strips of plaster, and over all com- 
press, kept wet with compound tincture of benzoin, with band- 
ages over entire abdomen, followed with grain doses of opium 
every two or three hours. Treat for peritonitis ; anticipate it ; 
don't wait till it comes. 

Should any portion of the intestines protrude, wipe them 
clean and return, if they are uninjured; but if wounded, care- 
fully remove all foreign bodies, clots of blood, and then stitch 
them up with an over and over stitch, and return, closing the 
wound in the walls as in the simple wound. Treat at once for 
peritonitis. Wounds of the liver, spleen, bladder, kidneys, are 
very serious, but not necessarily fatal. 

Wounds of Joints. — In all wounds of joints, the opening 
must be at once closed by stitches in skin, adhesive plaster, 
paraffin splint applied to secure rest ; opium and veratrum 
viride given freely. Begin passive motion as soon as inflam- 
matory action ceases, say in two or three weeks. 

WRYNECK. — A deformity caused by a rigid contraction 
of the sternocleido muscle on one side of the neck. It may be 
either congenital or acquired ; if the former, it may be cured 
by a subcutaneous division of the muscle and wearing an ap- 
paratus to maintain extension, until the muscle resumes its 
"natural condition; if due to acquired causes, chiefly those due 



1090 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

to some reflex irritation, such as teething, worms, masturba- 
tion, removal of the cause is indispensable. 

YEAST FUNGI, THE.— In catarrh of all the hollow 
organs of the body, as the stomach, bowels, bladder, uterus, 
the yeast fungi grow side by side with the sarcinse. Yeast 
torula consists of spherical or oval cells, very much larger than 
the largest micrococci,; each cell consists of a membrane and con- 
tents. The contents are either homogeneous, or finely granu- 
lar protoplasm; in the latter case there are generally present 
one, two or more vacuoles. 

There are a great many species of torula, varying from one 
another morphologically, chiefly in their size, and physiologi- 
cally by their action on different fluids. 

The cells of all of them multiply in suitable media by gem- 
mation, a minute knob-like projection appearing on one side of 
the cell and keeps enlarging till it reaches nearly the size of the 
original mother-cell. It finally becomes constricted or exfoli- 
ated off from this latter, or having reached its full size remains 
fixed to the mother-cell, and each cell again producing by gem- 
mation a new cell. In this way, aggregations of four, six. 
eight, or more cells are formed, which may be arranged either 
as a chain, when the production proceeds in a linear manner, 
or otherwise, or as a group if the gemmation takes place 
laterally. 

Under varying conditions of nutrition or growth, yeast cells 
are productive of organic change, such as the evolution of the 
malignant neoplasm in some of its varied forms. 

YELLOW FEVER (a Streptococcus, or Fungus). — The 
microbe or fungus of yellow fever has been found difficult to 
isolate and cultivate. It is a paludal germ, originating in or 
on the banks of rivers, spread by maritime commerce over 
the entire intertropical zone of the globe. The mouths of 
which give rise to mucous, profuse mucous, or mucopurulent 
great rivers and. along the seaboards are the sources of the 
germ, which, when inhaled, modifies, changes, alters, the pri- 
mary bioplasm into a diseased fundus, giving rise to yellow 
fever. The diagnosis rests chiefly upon the location, season of 
the year; all the symptoms of bilious malignant fever, yellow 
skin and conjunctiva; heavy dark-brown coated tongue, which 
subsequently becomes red; nausea, vomiting, first of greenish 
matter, then coffee-ground appearance, later black vomit ; symp- 



and Dictionary of Diseases. 1091 

toms of inflammation of stomach and liver, spleen, kidneys, 
with intense prostration, acute fatty degeneration of glandu- 
lar organs. 

The symptoms are divided into three stages : 

1. Prominent in this are chills, prostration, fever; hard, 
rapid pulse ; violent thirst, red face, restless ; nausea, vomiting 
slimy, greenish, coffee-ground matter ; cerebral congestion, with 
pain, eyes red. 

2. Add to the above, gastric disturbance much worse; the 
tongue heavily coated, dry, cracked; irritability, much vomit- 
ing, persistent, of brown mass, coffee-ground flakes, indicate 
approaching hemorrhage. 

3. Face very yellow and livid; eyes dull, sunken; nose 
pinched, or lips, tongue brown or black, intense burning pain in 
stomach and liver, spleen; suppression of urine, oppression of 
chest, difficult breathing, pulse small and tremulous ; skin cold, 
clammy ; great prostration ; vomit, brown turbid matter, mixed 
with dark clotty blood. 

The most successful remedies ever used, and under which 
the mortality of this fever is reduced to a cipher, are germi- 
cides. 

A microscopical examination of the blood shows minute 
cocci, which occur in chains, distend the capillaries and lym- 
phatics of all organs enumerated. 

There can be no doubt that the microbe is pathogenic of the 
fever, as it is pre-eminently contagious and infectious. 

In the treatment the most rigid sanitary measures must be 
enforced for fever. The bactericides which have been found of 
utility are Warburg's tincture and ozone-water : con. tinct. kur- 
chicin and hydrocyanic; sulphate quinine and gelsemium. 

General Measures. — Isolate the patient in upper story room. 
Keep him quiet, free from light and noise, and in a horizontal 
position. Abundance of fresh, pure air ; sponge the body thrice 
daily with water acidulated with nitromuriatic acid. Packs or 
thick compresses, same water to head, over the stomach, liver, 
spleen and entire body. 

All authorities are agreed that the evolution of this germ 
depends upon solar heat, malarial and paludal miasmata, 
together with intense insanitary conditions, which act as a fos- 
ter-mother to the microbic growth; either by inhalation, or 
orally or cutaneously, it enters the body, finds access to the 
blood, passing its stage of incubation, lodges in the blood-form- 
ing glands, especially the spleen, and then develops its peculiar 
toxin or poison. 



1092 The Germicide 20th Century Practice 

This pathogenic microbe is remarkably tenacious of life, re- 
taining its vitality for many years, in heat, in water, even after 
it has been dried. 

The following treatment is generally successful: Nursing 
of special importance, the best ventilated apartment for the pa- 
tient, bathing thrice daily with hot water acidulated with hy- 
drochloric acid, ice-water with c. p. peroxide of hydrogen for 
vomiting, very large doses green root tincture of gelsemium 
and passiflora administered, repeated doses of periodate aurum, 
one suppository of kurchicin every three hours ; beef juice ex- 
tracted by water acidulated with hydrochloric acid and press- 
ure the only source of nutrition for a few days. 

Formalin, one tablespoonful to a quart of water, divided up 
into four saucers and exposed in the apartment is the best dis- 
infectant ; it has been thoroughly tested and has merit in it. 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Abdomen 5 

Ablution 5 

Abortion 6 

Abrasion 7 

Abrus Precatorius 7 

Abscess 7 

of the Antrum 55 

Absinthium ... 8 

Absorbents 8 

Acetic Acid 9 

Aceto-Tartrate Aluminum 30 

Acholia 10 

Acid, Boracic ' 117 

Benzoic 10 

Carbolic 10, 142 

Chromic 10 

Chrysophanic 181 

Lactic 10 

Nitric 10 

Acids 9 

Acne 10 

Aconite 11 

Acromegaly 13 

Actinomycosis 1 1 

Acupressure 12 

Acupuncture 12 

Adenitis 14 

Adenoma 15 

Adhesion 14 

Adipose Tissue 15 

Air 16 



69 



(1093) 



1094 Index. 



PAGE 

Albinos 17 

Albumin , 285 

Albuminuria 17 

Alcohol & 

Alcohola Poison 20 

Alcoholism 18 

Aletris Farinosa 29 

Alkali 22 

Alkaloids 23 

Alimentary Canal 25 

Alimentation 23 

Alopecia * 28 

Alopecia, Senile 28 

Structural 28 

Pigmentary 28 

Parasite 28 

Alumen 30 

Aluminum 30 

Amaurosis 30 

Ambrosia Orientalis • . 33 

Amenorrhea 34 

American Hemp 63 

Amido-Benzine 36 

Ammoniemia 36 

Ammonium, Picric 695 

Amyl Nitrite 25 

Anal Fissure • 38 

Anasarca 308 

Anesthetics • 39 

Anesthesia 40 

Anemia 41 

Aneurism 42 

Angina Pectoris 43 

Aniline 46 

Animal Extracts 26 

Anise 46 

Ankylosis 46 

Antagonism 46 

Anthelmintics 50 

Anthemis 51 

Anthrax • Si 

Antidotes 27 

Antidotes for Acetanilid • • • 706 

Aconite 708 

Alcohol • 708 

Anilin 708 



Index. 1095 

PAGE 

Antidotes for Antimony 708 

Arsenic 709 

Belladonna 709 

Benzene 709 

Bromides 709 

Camphor 710 

Cantharides 710 

Carbolic Acid 706 

Carbon Disulphide 710 

Castor Beans ■ 710 

Caustic Potassa 707 

Chloral 710 

Chloroform 710 

Chlorates 711 

Chromic Acid 707 

Cocain : . . . . 711 

Colchicum 711 

Conium 711 

Croton Oil 712 

Curarin 712 

Cytisin 712 

Digitalis 712 

Dog Bites 713 

Ergot 713 

Gelseminum • 713 

Hydrocyanic Acid 707 

Iodine 713 

Lead Compounds 713 

Lobelia 714 

Mercury 714 

Mezereum 714 

Mushrooms 714 

Nitric, Muriatic 707 

Nitrobenzin 714 

Opium 715 

Oxalic Acid 707 

Phosphorus 715 

Physostigma 716 

Phytolacca 716 

Pilocarpus 716 

Savin 7 I( > 

Silver Compounds 716 

Snake Bites 716 

Staphisagria 716 

Stings 717 

Strychnin .-•••. 717 



1096 Index. 

PAGE 

Antidotes for Tobacco 717 

Tin Compounds 717 

Turpentine • • • • 717 

Veratrum Viride 718 

Zinx Compounds 718 

Antifat 53 

Antif ebrin 53 

Antikamnia 54 

Anti-Microbe Powder 57 

Antipyrin • • 54 

Antitoxin 58 

Antrum 55 

Aphonia 59 

Aphthae 59 

Apiol 61 

Apis Melliflca 62 

Apocynum 63 

Apoplexy 63 

Apoplexy, Serous 65 

Nervous 65 

Sanguineous 65 

Appendicitis • 62 

Appetite 274 

Arbor Vitse 56 

Araroba 67 

Aristol 67 

Asthma 77 

Ascites *• 308 

Aseptol 66 

Ash, American 68 

Aspergillus, Varieties • 325 

Aspermia 61 

Asphyxia 68 

Aspidium, Filix Mas 68 

Asthma, Hay 410, 800 

Ataxia 7* 

Athletics 57 

Atmospheric Disinfection • 72 

Atrophy 73 

Atrophy of Bone 113 

Atrophy of Brain 73 

Breast 545 

Heart 74, 417 

Heart • 74 

Mammary Gland 74 

Muscles 75 



Index. 



1097 



PAGE 

Atrophy of Prostate 740 

Spinal Cord 75 

Testes 76 

Uterus yy 

Aurum , 79 

Auscultation yg y 265 

Auto-intoxication yg 

Avena Sativa 80 



B 

Bacillus Indicans 331 

Bacteria 81 

Bactericides 82 

Bacteriuria 83 

Balanitis 84 

Baldness 85 

Balsams 86 

Bandages 86 

Baptisia Tinctoria 87 

Barium 88 

Baths 88 

Bed Sores 92 

Benzoic Acid 10 

Bile 92 

Bituminous Coal 93 

Black Willow 94 

Bladder 96 

Blindness 30, 104 

Anemia 31 

Congestion 31 

Poisons 32 

Reflex Causes 31 

Uremia 33 

Blisters 105 

Blood 105 

Blood Poisoning 106 

Body, Human 107 

Boils 108 

Bones 109 

Boroglycerid 115 

Boracic Acid 117 

Bougies 1 18 

Brain 119 

Brain Degeneration 125 



1098 Index. 

PAGE 

Brain Exhaustion 121 

Brain Fissures 122 

Brain Growth - 125 

Brain Softening 32 

Brain, Starved 124 

Brain Workers 126 

Break-bone Fever • 252 

Bright's Disease 129 

Bronchitis 130 

Acute and Chronic 131 

Bronchocele 130 

Bronchopneumonia 134 

Bruises 134 

Bunions 207, 859 . . 

Burns 135 

Burns 335 

Bursas 136 



Cachexia • 136 

Cactus Grandiflorus 137 

Cadmium 137 

Caesarian Section 137 

Calculi, Urinary 139 

Callosity 138 

Canal, Alimentary • 25 

Cancer of Arm 147 

Bladder 151 

Breast 147 

Eye 147 

Esophagus 148 

Face and Lip 148 

Penis 148 

Rectum 148 

Stomach 149 

Tongue 149 

Uterus • 149 

Cancrum Oris I4 1 

Cannabis Indica 14 1 

Cantharides l 4i 

Capacity, Vital 287 

Capsicum . , 141 

Carbolic Acid 10 

Carbolic Acid 142 



Index. 1099 

PAGE 

Carbolates 143 

Carbon Chlorate 143 

Carbuncle 143 

Carcinoma 144 

Cardiac Disease 428 

Cardiac Insufficiency 427 

Caries 15, in, 151 

Carriers' Contagion 142 

Caruncle 152 

Caryophyllus , 152 

Cascara Sagrada .' 152 

Castration 153, 768 

Catalepsy 154, 337 

Cataract 153 

Catarrh, Nasal 155, 602 

Epidemic 159 

Gastric 162 

Uterine 165 

Caulophyllum 177 

Cavities in Lung 169 

Cedron Seeds 175 

Celery 170 

Cerebral Congestion 171 

Cerebrin 172, 495 

Cerebrospinal 172 

Cerebrum 173 

Cerium 176 

Chaffing 57 

Chancres 176 

Change of Life 558 

Changes in Testes 778 

Chaps 176 

Character of Nails 281 

Stools 280 

Urine 285 

Chaulmoogra Oil 176 

Chian Turpentine 177 

Chionanthus Virg 177 

Chilblain 178 

Chimaphila 179 

Chinosol . 178 

Chloasma 179 

Chloralamid , 180 

Chloral Hydrate 179 

Chloride of Chromium 180 

Chlorides 286 



* 

iioo Index. 

PAGE 

Chloroform 180- 

Chlorosis 179 

Cholera 181 

Epidemic 183 

Infantum 181 

Morbus 182 

Chorea 184 

Chromic Acid 10 

Chrysophanic Acid 181 

Cimicifuga 188 

Cinchona 188 

Circumcision 189 

Cirrhosis 189 

Cirsocele 189 

Clitoris • ■ • ■ • 189 

Cloves 152 

Coal, Bituminous 93 

Coca 191 

Coffee 192 

Cold 194 

Colic 195 

Collapse 196 

Collapse 336 

Collinsonia 197 

Color Blindness 104 

Coma • 197 

Coma 337 

Compound Fracture 377 

Concentrated Ozone 199 

Conium • 197 

Constipation • • 200 

Continence Urine 198 

Convallaria 199 

Convulsions 199 

Cornea 206 

Corns • 207, 858 

Corona Glandis 207 

Corpulency • 208 

Coryza 209 

Cotton Root - 209 

Cough 216 

Cracked Tongue ; • 594 

Cramp 212 

Creatinin 214 

Creolin • • • 213 

Creosote 217 



Index. iioi 

PAGE 

Cretinism 214 

Crime 217 

Croton Chloral 217 

Croup 218 

Cutaneous Medication ,. . . . 219 

Cyanosis • • • 232 

Cyclists' Diseases 226 

Cystic Disease 233 

Cystitis 97 



Damiana 233 

Dandruff 697 

Deafness 234 

Deafness due to Anemia 235 

Congestion 235 

Organic 235 

Poisons 235. 

Reflex 235 

Decay, National 236 

Decay, Premature 237 

Sexual 238 

Senile 240 

Defecation 241 

Degeneration 242 

Degeneration of the Heart 426 

Degeneration of Testes 783 

Deleterious Trades 244 

Delirium Tremens 245 

Dengue 252 

Dentition 246 

Dermolia 253 

Deterioration 250 

Diabetes 253 

Diagnosis 259 

Diathesis 136, 294 

Diathesis, Uric Acid 403 

Hemorrhagic 432 

Oxaluria 658 

Phosphatic 405 

Digitalis 295 

Dilatation of Heart 420 

Diphtheria 296 

Dipsomania 295: 



no2 Index. 

PAGE 

Direct Medication 301 

Disease . . , 302 

Disease-producing Germs 393 

Disinfectants 303 

Disinfection 72 

Dislocations 303 

Dog Bite 336 

Dogwood, Jamaica 696 

Dropsy 307 

Dropsy of the Antrum 55 

Dry Murmurs 267 

Dumping Ground . ■ 305 

Dysentery 305 

Dyspepsia 315 

Inflammatory 312 

Mechanical 313 

Dysmenorrhea 311 

Dysmenorrhea, Neuralgic 311 



Earache 323 

Ear, Its Diseases 320 

Ear Microbes 325 

Ecchymosis 134, 326, 333 

Echinacea, Aug. 326 

Eclampsia 326 

Eczema 328, 853 

Elder 817 

Elder Bark 330 

Electricity 288, 330 

Elephantiasis . . 857 

Emaciation 277 

Embolism 331 

Emergencies 332, 336 

Emphysema 339 

Endocarditis '. 416 

Enteritis 340 

Membranous 341 

Enuresis 342 

Ephemeral Fever . • * 344 

Ephelis 858 

Epidemic 345 

Influenza 345> 799 

Epididymitis 343, 77& 



Index. 1103 

PAGE 

Epilepsy 34 8 

E P istaxis 353 

Erigeron 354 

Eruptive Fevers 355 

Erysipelas 355 

Erythema 852 

Ether 356 

Eucalyptus 357 

Euphorbia 357 

Exostosis '. 113 

Expression 279 

Extracts, Animal 26, 359 

Extrauterine Pregnancy 358 

Eye 360 



Facial Appearance 279 

Fainting 361 

Fashions in Medicine 362 

Fatty Degeneration of Heart 426 

Fatty Heart ; 363 

Ferratin 363 

Feticide 365 

Fetid Breath 373 

Fever 366 

Fever, Breakbone 252 

Ephemeral 334 

Eruptive 355 

Gastric 387 

Puerperal 756 

Relapsing 762 

Remittent 763 

Scarlet 821 

Typhoid 954 

Typhus 959 

Fetation, Extrauterine 364 

Fissure, Anal 38 

Fistula 367 

Fistula, Anal 368 

Salivary 369 

Ulcer 963 

Urethral , 369, 1056 

Vesico- Vaginal , 370 

Foreign Bodies in Bronchi 334 



1 1 04 Index. 



PAGE 



Foreign Bodies in Ears 334: 

E y es 334 

Larynx 335 

Formalin 371 

Fracture 374 

Frambesia 857 

Francisca 377 

Freckles 378, 858 

Friction Sound 267 

Fringe Tree 177 

Fucus Visiculosus 378 



G 

Gait 278 

Galactagogue 378 

Gallic Acid 379 

Galls 379 

Gallstones 138, 379 

Ganglion . 383 

Gangrene 383 

Gastritis 383 

Chronic 384 

Gastric Catarrh 16, 386 

Fever 387 

Tumors 388 

Vertigo 385 

Gastro-Intestinal Infection 389 

Gaultheria 389 

Gelsemin 389 

Germless World 390 

Glanders 394 

Glonoin •• 395 

Glycerin 395 

Glycosuria 255 

Glycozone 396 

Goa Powder 67 

Goitre 397 

Gonorrhea 398, 1007 

Gout 401 

Gravel 403 

Grindelia 406 

Growing Pains 406 

Guaiacol 407 

Guaiacum 408 

Guarana 408 



Index. iioj 

H 



PAGE 

Habits 408 

Hamamelis 409 

Haplopoppus Llaretta 399 

Hare-Lip 410 

Hay Fever 410 

Hazelin 412 

Headache 412 

Healthy Ulcer 960 

Heartburn 420 

Heart, Fatty 363 

Heart Failure 420 

Hectic Fever • • • 430 

Hematocele 434 

Hematogen 430 

Hematophilia 434 

Hematospermia yyy 

Hemorrhages 332, 43 1 

After Delivery 332 

Bowels * 332 

Kidney 333, 433 

Lungs 332, 433 

Stomach 332 

Uterus 333, 431 

Hemorrhagic Diathesis .' 432 

Hemorrhoids 434 

Hepatitis 436 

Hepatism 437 

Hereditary Disease 437 

Hernia 438 

Herpes 440 

Labialis 852 

Prseputialis 852 

Zoster 853 

Hiccough 441 

Hoang-Nang 441 

Honey 62 

Hordeolum • 442 

Hospital Gangrene •_• 965 

Hot- Air Treatment 442 

Hunterian Chancre 1007 

Hydrastis 443 

Hydrobromic 444 

Hydrocele 444 

Hydrocephalus 309 



no6 Index. 



PAGET- 

Hydrogen Peroxide 444 

Hydronaphthol 447 

Hydrophobia 448 

Hydrops Pericardium 310 

Hydrothorax 309 

Hypertrophy of Bones 1 13 

Breast 545 

Clitoris 452 

Heart 268, 414 

Prostate 740 

Hypericum 452 

Hypochondriasis 452 

Hypodermic Medication 452 

Hysteria '. 455 



Ichthyol 456 

Ichthyosis 457, 857 

Idiocy * 457 

Immunity 457 

Impaired Vision • 461 

Impetigo 854 

Impotence .. 463, 474 

Incontinence, Urine 198, 476 

Indigestion • • 477 

Indolent 961 

Infection 478 

Inflammation 47$ 

of Bone : no 

Membrana Tympanum 320 

Bowels 340 

Breast 544 

Urethra 977 

Lungs 699 

Pleura 698 

Pericardium 681 

Periosteum • 682 

Peritoneum 682 

Veins 689 

Uterus 573 

Inflammatory Dysmenorrhea 312 

Influenza 159, 345, 479 

Insanity 480 

Insomnia 484 



Index. 1107 

PAGE 

Inspection 261 

Iodine 486 

Water .., 486 

Iodoform 486 

Iodol 486 

Irritable Bladder 103 

Irritable Ulcer 961 

Itch 487, 856 

Izal 487 

J 

Jaborandi 488 

Jambul 488 

Jaundice 489 

Jelly of Violets 219, 491 

Resorcin 220, 492, 797 

Carbon 221, 493 

Ichthyol 221, 493 

Chrysarobin 221, 493 

Periodate Aurum 221, 493 

Boroglycerid 221, 494 

Salicylic Acid et Soda 222, 494 

Acetate of Aluminum 222, 494 

Carbolic Acid 222, 494 

Formalin 222, 494 

Thymol 221 

Jellies 219, 491 

Jequirity 7 

K 

Kaki 494 

Kava Kava 494 

Kephalin 495 

Kleptomania 501 

Kola 502 

' Krameria 503 

Kurchicin 503 

L 

Labor 504 

Lactic Acid I0 

Lactucarium 5*5 



no8 Index. 



PAGE 

Lanolin 515 

Laryngismus 515 

Laryngitis 802 

Acute 515 

Chronic 516 

Lead Poisoning 517 

Lepra 857 

Leprosy 519 

Leukocythemia 521 

Leukorrhea 521 

Lichen 523 

Lichen, Simplex 854 

Agrius 854 

Life Root 524, 839 

Light 524 

Lightning 336 

Lily of the Valley 199 

Lime Water 525 

Liver , 526 

Liver Spots 179 

Local Anesthesia 40, 529 

Lock Jaw 5 2 9 

Locomotor Ataxia 7i> 53° 

Longevity 289, 531 

Lumbago 533 

Lung Cavities 169 

Lungs 533 

Lupus 535 

Lycopodium 536 



M 

Malaria 536 

Male Fern 68, 543 

Male Sexual Organs 7§9 

Malignant Edema 543 

Mammary Glands • • 544 

Man 545 

Manaca 377 

Massage 54& 

Mastitis - 544 

Mastodynia 545 

Masturbation 553 

Membranous Enteritis 341 

Measles 556 



Index. 1109 

PAGE 

Measles, German 558 

Mechanical Dysmenorrhea 313 

Meningitis 172, 558 

Menopause 558 

Menorrhagia 570 

Menses, Retention 34 

Suppression 34 

Vicarious 35 

Menstruation 570 

Mensuration 262 

Menthol 572 

Mesentery 573 

Metritis 573 

Microbe of Dysentery 3°7 

Leprosy 5 10 - 

Tetanus 922 

Whooping Cough 683 

Microbes • 46, 325, 575 

Micrococcus Tetragenus 169, 534 

Micrococcus Ureas 804 

Microscope 287 

Micturition 583 

Midwifery 584 

Moist Rales 267 

Mollities Ossium 114 

Moles 592, 858 

Mouth 593 

Mucin 595 

Muco-membranous Colitis 596 

Mullein Oil 596 

Mumps 597 

Muscae Volitantes 59& 

Musk Root 601, 901 

Muscles 598 

Myelitis 601 

Myositis • 598 



N 

Nails, Character of 281 

Naphthalin 602 

Nasal Catarrh 602, 798 

National Decay 236, 603 

Necrosis in, 151 

Nephritis 607 

70 



i no Index. 



Nerve Tire g I0 

Nervous Dyspepsia 3^ 

Impotency 621 

Temperament 629 

Nettle Rash 611, 852 

Neuralgia 61 1 

Neuralgia of Brain 6 I2 

Coccyx 612 

Ear • 323, 616 

Eye 616 

Heart 615 

Kidneys 615 

Pleura 616 

Sciatic 616 

Sexual 620 

Stomach 613 

Testes 617, 777 

Uterus 617 

Neuralgic Dysmenorrhea 311 

Neurasthenia 618, 625 

Neurosis 627, 622 

Nevus 630 

New Diseases 631 

Night Blooming Cereus 137 

Nipple 633 

Nitric Acid 10 

Nitrite, Amyl 25 

Nuclein, 636 

Nutmeg 637 

Nympha Odorata 638 

Nymphomania 637 



Oats 80 

Obstetric Cones 639 

Obstruction of Bowels 639 

Odontalgia 640 

Odors 283, 640 

(Edema 641 

CEnathe Crocata 641 

GEsophagus 642 

Oil, Arbor Vitse 56, 99 

Chaulmoogra T 76 

St. John's-wort 644 



Index. i i i i 

PAGE 

Oils . . : 643 

Ointments 219, 644 

Guaiacol 223 

Gaultheria 222 

Mexican 223 

Ozone 222 

Saw-Palmetto 223 

Resorcin 223 

Siegesbeckie 223 

Storax 224 

Old Age 646 

Oleum Verbascum 644 

Concentrated 199, 662 

Clay 666 

et Chlorine 664 

et Formalin 665 

Ointment 667 

Paste 666 

Tar Syrup 666 

Water 664 

Wines 668 

Olive Oil : 643 

Olfactory Nerve 648 

Onychia 648 

Opacities 649 

Opacity, Cornea 207 

Ophthalmia 649 

Common 650 

Gonorrheal 651 

Granular ., 652 

Infantile 650 

Pink Eye 653 

Purulent 651 

Rheumatic 652 

Tarsi * 652 

Tubercular 651 

Osteoarthritis 654 

Ostitis 1 10 

Otalgia 323 

Otitis • • 320 

Otomycosis 325 

Otorrhea 324, 654 

Ovarian Syphilis 1064 

Ovarin 655 

Ovaritis 656 

Ovulation 656 



1 1 12 Index. 



PAGE 

Oxaluria 658 

Oxygen 660 

Ozena 660, 799 

Ozone 660 

Ozonized Boroglycerid 115 

Ozonized Distillation of Pine 663 



Painless Parturition 588 

Palpation 262 

Palpitation 668 

Pancreas 669 

Papilloma 101, 670 

Papoid 670 

Papulae 854 

Paralysis 671 

Paraphimosis 67s 

Parasite Alopecia . . . . 28 

Parasites 674, 855 

Paresis 677 

Parsley 61 

Partridge Berry 678 

Passiflora 679 

Pastils 680 

Pemphigus 853 

Pepsin 681 

Percussion ■ • 263 

Pericarditis 416, 681 

Periostitis 109, 682 

Peritonitis 682 

Pertussis 683 

Perityphlitis 63 

Permanganate Potassa .' 682 

Peroxide, Hydrogen 444 

Phenacetin 689 

Phimosis • • • 689 

Phlebitis 689 

Phlegmasia Dolens • • • • 689 

Phloridzin 690 

Phosphates • • 286 

Phosphaturia 69° 

Phosphorus 112, 694 

Phytolacca 6 94 

Picric Acid 6 95 



Index. 1113 

PAGE 

Pigmentary Alopecia 28 

Pile s 434 

Pimples 695 

Pink Eye 653 

Pinus Needles 695 

Piscidia 696- 

Pityriasis 867 

Plague 697 

Plethora 698 

Pleurisy 698 

Plumbism 698 

Pneumonia • • 699 

Podophyllum 703. 

Poisons 704 

Poison, Alcohol 20 

Polypi 719, 

Polypus 994 

Polypus, Nasal 720 

Rectum 722 

Uterine 720 

Position 278 

Posture 278 

Powder Marks 722 

Pregnancy 723 

Premature Death 646 

Premature Decay 237 

Priapism 735 

Prolapsus 735 

Rectum J2>$ 

Propagation of Syphilis 1015 

Prostate Gland yyj 

Prostatitis • • 791 

Prostatorrhea 795 

Prunia 751 

Prurigo 854 

Pruritus 751 

Psoas Abscess 752 

Psoriasis 697, 856 

Pterygion 752 

Ptomains 753 

Puerperal Convulsions 754 

Eclampsia 754 

Fever • • 75& 

Mania 759 

Peritonitis 760 

Pulse 270 



1 1 14 Index. 

_ PAGH 

Purpura 7 6 

Pus 2 86 

Pyoktanin . . 760 

Pyorrhea 7 6 



Rabies 448 

Radiography 760 

Railway Shocks 761 

Ray Fungus n 

Recognition of Disease 260 

Rej uvenescence 761 

Relapsing Fever 762 

Remittent Fever j(S$ 

Reproductive Organs 765 

Requisites for Poisons 705 

Resorcin 797 

Resorcin Jelly 797 

Respiration 281 

Respiratory Diseases 797 

Retention of Urine 336, 804 

Retention of Placenta 590 

Rheumatism • • 805 

Rickets 114, 811 

Rigidity of Neck of Uterus • • 812 

Rigor Mortis 813 

Ringworm 813 

Rosacea 855 

Roseola 852 

Rubeola 556 

Rupia 815, 853 

Rupture 438 



Salicin . 815 

Saliva 274 

Salix Nigra 815 

Salicylic Acid and Soda 815 

Salicylate, Phenol 816 

Salol 816 

Salophene 816 

Salt 816 



Index. 1115 

PAGE 

Sambucus 817 

Sanguinaria 817 

Sanitary Science ! 818 

Santonin 818 

Sarcinse 818 

Gastric 818 

Intestinalis 818 

Urinse 819 

Uteri , 819 

Ventriculi 386 

Saw-Palmetto 819 

Saxifraga 821 

Scabies 821, 856 

Scalds . 135, 335 

Scarlet Fever 821 

Sciatica 823 

Sclerosis 824 

Scrofula 826 

Scrotal Dropsy 310 

Scrotal Hypertrophy 826 

Scurvy 827 

Scutellaria 827 

Seasickness 829 

Sea Air 828 

Secretion 830 

Bile • • 831 

Gastric 831 

Pancreatic 831 

Milk 830 

Saliva 831 

Tears • • 830 

Semen 770 

Urine • • 831 

Seminal Fluid 773 

Seminal Infertility 832 

Vesicles • • 834 

Seminal Weakness 838 

Senecio Gracilis ....•• 839 

Senile Alopecia 28 

Senile Decay 240 

Senility 775, 839 

Sensations 277 

Sexual Debility • • 840, 842 

Impotency 843 

Paralysis ....•• 848 

Sexual Neurasthenia 620 



iii6 Index. 

PAGE 

Sexual Decay 238 

Shock 336 

Siegesbeckie ' 850 

Sight 851 

Simabicidia 851 

Skin 273 

Skin Bactericides 82 

Skin Diseases 852 

Sleep 859 

Smegma ... . 861 

Snake Bite 336 

Sodium Sulphocarbolate • 861 

Sore Throat 927 

Spartein Sulphate 862 

Spasm of Bladder 102 

Spaying 153 

Spermatogenesis 772 

Spermatorrhea 474, 862 

Spermin 876 

Sphygmograph 289 

Spices 878 

Spina Bifida 878 

Spinal Cord 641 

Spinal Curvature 879 

Spinal Diagnosis 289, 880 

Spirillum Plicatile 881 

Spirometer 288 

Squamous Skin Diseases 856 

Squinting 882 

Stammering 883 

Sterility in Female 883 

in Male 887 

and Impotency 891 

Still-birth 894 

Stillingia 895 

Stomach • 895 

Stone Crop 896 

Stools , 280 

Strains ' 896 

Streptococcus Pyogenes 7 

Stricture 896 

Stricture of Esophagus • 642, 898 

Rectum 897 

Urethra 897 

Structural Alopecia 28 

Structural Changes in Testes 778 



Index. 



1117 



PAGE 

Stye 442 

Sudamina 853 

Sugar 286 

Sugar Fungus .• 255 

Suicide 898 

Sulphonal 899 

Sulphur 900 

Sumbul 901 

Summer Diarrhea 292 

Sunstroke 336, 902 

Suppository, Saw-Palmetto 821 

Suprarenal Capsules 903 

Surgical Fever 905 

Surgical Procedures 906 

Suspended Animation 68 

Syphilis 915, 1021 

Syphilis in Skin 1022 

Malignant 1026 

in Mucous Membranes 1026 

in Ulcers 1030 

in Alopecia 103 1 

in Brain 1032 

in Bone 1034 

in Prostate 1035 

in Eye, Iritis 1037 

in Nose, Rhinitis 1037 

in Spinal Cord 1040 

in Lungs and Larynx 1042 

in Aphasia 1043 

in Liver 1044 

in Carditis 1046 

in Stomach and Bowels 1049 

in Anus 1049 

Syphilitic Paralysis 1057 

Fever 1057 

Epilepsy 1058 

in Infants io5o 

Syncope 337, 361 

Synovia 9 : 4 



T 

Temperament 290 

Bilious 291 

Gouty 291 

Lympathic 290 



ni8 Index. 



Temperament, Nervous 290 

Rheumatic 291 

Sanguine 290 

Tubercular 290 

Temperature 282 

Testes yj 0} g 20 

Tetanus 922 

Tetter 440 

Thallin 923 

Thirst 274 

Throat 924 

Thrombosis . . . ' 331 

Thuja 56 

Thymol 927 

Thyroid 928 

Extract 929 

Tin Oleate 933 

Tinea Capitis 855 

Tired Eyes 933 

Tobacco 934 

Tolu 937 

Tongo 937 

Tongue 271, 937 

Tonsils 938 

Tonsillitis 939 

Toothache 940 

Toxins 94 1 

Trance 337 

Trichinosis • 942 

Tubercular Diathesis 294 

Decalvans 856 

Favosa 856 

Sycosis 856 

Tonsurans 855 

Tuberculosis 803, 943 

Joints 946 

Mesentery 945 

Peritonitis • 948 

Skin 857 

Turpentine, Chian 953 

Tumors • 388, 949 

of the Antrum 55 

Cartilaginous 951 

Cystic 951 

Fatty 950 

Fibroid 950 



Index. 



1119 



PAGE 

Tumors, Gelatinous 951 

Glandular 951 

Melanotic 952 

Osseous 951 

Ovarian 953 

Sebaceous 951 

Typhoid Fever 954 

Typhus Fever 959 

Typical Fissures 122 



U 

Ulceration 960 

Fistulous 963 

Healthy 960 

Irritable 961 

Indolent 961 

Lichen 854 

Malignant 965 

Neck of Uterus 966 

Stomach 965 

Rodent 969 

Tubercular 962 

Varicose 963 

Ulcers of the Mouth 593 

Undeveloped Sexual Organs 971 

Uremia 97 1 

Urethra 972 

Uric Acid Crystals 979 

Diathesis 403, 9§o 

Solvent 9S5 

Urinalysis 9§5 

Urinary Calculi 140 

Urotropin 996 

Urticaria 852, 989 

Uterine Catarrh 990 

Tumors 992 

Uvula 996 



V 

Vaccinia 997 

Vaginismus 99° 

Valdivine 998 

Varicocele 999 

Varicose Veins 1002 



U20 Index. 



PAGE 

Variola 1004 

Varix 1003 

Vegetations 858 

Venereal Disease 1007 

Verbascum 1077 

Vertigo 385, 1075 

Vesicants 105 

Vesicles 852 

Viburnum 1078 

Vision 461 

Vital Capacity of Lungs 287 

Fluid 1078 

Force 1079 

Vitality of Sexes 1080 

Vomiting 1080 



W 

Warburg's Tincture 1082 

Warts 858, 1082 

Weak Heart 425 

Weight of Body 284 

Wen 1083 

Whitlow 1083 

Whooping Cough 683 

Wind Dyspepsia 1083 

Worry 1036 

Wounds 333, 1087 



Yeast 1090 

Yellow Fever 1090 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



022 216 088 1 



